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175:, more cellular studies have been performed in order to determine the nature of the cells – their differentiation pathways, their growth mechanism, and their repair/response mechanism in the state of post-injury. One recent study has shown that differentiated cells in the respiratory epithelium (
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Srikanth, Lokanathan; Venkatesh, Katari; Sunitha, Manne Mudhu; Kumar, Pasupuleti
Santhosh; Chandrasekhar, Chodimella; Vengamma, Bhuma; Sarma, Potukuchi Venkata Gurunadha Krishna (February 2016). "In vitro generation of type-II pneumocytes can be initiated in human CD34(+) stem cells".
61:, and aiming to maintain the respiratory airway-niche of (from top to bottom) 1) air, 2) pseudostratified epithelium, and 3) liquid media. Standard cell culture processes are either non-airway specific or revolve around an organ system that requires other means of cellular maintenance
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by which basal stem cells are grown with their basal surfaces in contact with media, and the top of the cellular layer is exposed to the air. The cells are then lifted and media is changed until the development of a mucociliary phenotype of a
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is added to clean up dead cellular material as well as any remaining protein material. The resulting material is chopped finely in media and individual isolated cell samples are placed in respectively marked
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As an adaptation to the air-liquid interface culture protocol, auxiliary protocols have been developed using the ALI framework to maintain naive stem cell properties for extensive periods of time.
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studies. The cell culture method used involves the isolation of cells into culturing with growth factors to grow over time. Once the cells had been grown, they were mixed with
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Tata, Purushothama Rao; Mou, Hongmei; Pardo-Saganta, Ana; Zhao, Rui; Prabhu, Mythili; Law, Brandon M.; Vinarsky, Vladimir; Cho, Josalyn L.; Breton, Sylvie (November 2013).
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Mou, Hongmei; Vinarsky, Vladimir; Tata, Purushothama Rao; Brazauskas, Karissa; Choi, Soon H.; Crooke, Adrianne K.; Zhang, Bing; Solomon, George M.; Turner, Brett (2016).
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Air-liquid interface cell culture compares to standard cell culture practices by specifically aiming to restore the pseudostratified striation of the respiratory airway
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generation of type-II pneumocytes initiated from human CD34(+) stem cells has been demonstrated the air-liquid interface cell culture method precisely.
114:. Once the cells are plated, they are grown for 3–7 days under careful observation (while changing media each day) until desired confluence is reached.
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The protocol for air-liquid interface culture relies on two key steps: isolation of the epithelial cells from an organism, and culture of those cells.
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and various other diseases, the stem cells in the basal layer of the tracheal epithelium (basal stem cells) were isolated and used in developing 3D
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Rock, Jason R.; Onaitis, Mark W.; Rawlins, Emma L.; Lu, Yun; Clark, Cheryl P.; Xue, Yan; Randell, Scott H.; Hogan, Brigid L. M. (2009-08-04).
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tubes, and shaken at 37 °C for 30 – 40 minutes. Once the cells have been incubated, they are plated onto transwell membranes for growth.
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Organs with epithelial cells are isolated (dissected) and placed in PBS to clean any impurities and these isolated organs are digested using
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inhibitor) is added to prevent cellular apoptosis of isolated cells. What is left is digested cellular content mixed with tissue;
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This method of cell culture aims to be used to study fundamental aspects of the respiratory epithelium, such as
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Plate cells with SABM (Small Airway Basal Media) to enrich the cells with nutrients for growth and eventual
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and ciliated cells primarily) can dedifferentiate into their naive status, and become stem-like again.
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486:"Dual SMAD Signaling Inhibition Enables Long-Term Expansion of Diverse Epithelial Basal Cells"
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Adapted protocol: maintenance of stem-like properties in basal stem cells
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studies that aim to recreate a pseudostratified epithelium
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Tata, Purushothama Rao; Rajagopal, Jayaraj (2017-03-01).
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282:"Air-Liquid Interface Culture for Respiratory Research"
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363:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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117:More recently, a study on
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43:, similar to the tracheal
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125:Uses in scientific study
384:10.1073/pnas.0906850106
52:cell-to-cell signaling
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308:Biotechnology Letters
87:Rho-associated kinase
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247:1476-4687
153:organoids
131:stem cell
77:Isolation
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173:in vitro
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119:In vitro
69:Protocol
63:in vitro
59:in vitro
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