3662:
4708:
3829:
59:
3193:
4451:
billion per year. After air pollutants enter the agricultural environment, they not only directly affect agricultural production and quality, but also enter agricultural waters and soil. The COVID-19 induced lockdown served as a natural experiment to expose the close links between air quality and surface greenness. In India, the lockdown induced improvement in air quality, enhanced surface greenness and photosynthetic activity, with the positive response of vegetation to reduce air pollution was dominant in croplands. On the other hand, agriculture in its traditional form is one of the primary contributors to the emission of trace gases like atmospheric ammonia.
5629:, of which London is a member. The C40 is a public 'non-state' network of the world's leading cities that aims to curb their greenhouse emissions. The C40 has been identified as 'governance from the middle' and is an alternative to intergovernmental policy. It has the potential to improve urban air quality as participating cities "exchange information, learn from best practices and consequently mitigate carbon dioxide emissions independently from national government decisions". A criticism of the C40 network is that its exclusive nature limits influence to participating cities and risks drawing resources away from less powerful city and regional actors.
4419:
3306:
3643:
2963:, forest and grassland fires, living plants, and sea spray are all sources of particles. Aerosols are produced by human activities such as the combustion of fossil fuels in automobiles, power plants, and numerous industrial processes. Averaged worldwide, anthropogenic aerosols – those made by human activities – currently account for approximately 10% of the atmosphere. Increased levels of fine particles in the air are linked to health hazards such as heart disease, altered lung function and lung cancer. Particulates are related to respiratory infections and can be particularly harmful to those with conditions like
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3541:
2001:
3510:
2009:
2465:
3523:
2606:
3269:
cooking, reading, working, spending time in traffic, etc. A little child's inhaling rate, for example, will be lower than that of an adult. A young person engaging in strenuous exercise will have a faster rate of breathing than a child engaged in sedentary activity. The daily exposure must therefore include the amount of time spent in each micro-environmental setting as well as the kind of activities performed there. The air pollutant concentration in each microactivity/microenvironmental setting is summed to indicate the exposure.
3314:
2699:
5887:
1739:
21724:
21207:
3139:: particles are formed from gaseous primary contaminants and chemicals. Smog is a type of pollution that occurs in the atmosphere. Smog is caused by a huge volume of coal being burned in a certain region, resulting in a mixture of smoke and sulfur dioxide. Modern smog is usually caused by automotive and industrial emissions, which are acted on in the atmosphere by UV light from the sun to produce secondary pollutants, which then combine with the primary emissions to generate photochemical smog.
1050:
2652:
48:
83:
5768:
4580:
5700:
2032:
4850:
2024:
24301:
23176:
21985:
21169:
2920:(CFCs): Emitted from goods that are now prohibited from use; harmful to the ozone layer. These are gases emitted by air conditioners, freezers, aerosol sprays, and other similar devices. CFCs reach the stratosphere after being released into the atmosphere. They interact with other gases here, causing harm to the ozone layer. UV rays are able to reach the Earth's surface as a result of this. This can result in skin cancer, eye problems, and even plant damage.
22016:
3265:
area's exposure to a dangerous air pollution, taking into account the various microenvironments and age groups. This can be calculated as an inhalation exposure. This would account for daily exposure in various settings, e.g. different indoor micro-environments and outdoor locations. The exposure needs to include different ages and other demographic groups, especially infants, children, pregnant women, and other sensitive subpopulations.
4481:. "Children under age 5 in lower-income countries are more than 60 times as likely to die from exposure to air pollution as children in high-income countries." The report states that additional economic losses caused by air pollution, including health costs and the adverse effect on agricultural and other productivity were not calculated in the report, and thus the actual costs to the world economy are far higher than $ 5 trillion.
5915:
21217:
4716:
1062:
4199:(ASD) diagnosis, although definitive causality has not yet been established. In Los Angeles, children living in areas with high levels of traffic-related air pollution were more likely to be diagnosed with autism between three–five years of age. A cohort study in Southern California linked in-utero exposure to near-roadway air pollution to an increased risk of ASD diagnosis and a study in Sweden concluded that exposure to PM
4878:: An electrostatic precipitator (ESP), or electrostatic air cleaner, is a particulate collection device that removes particles from a flowing gas (such as air), using the force of an induced electrostatic charge. Electrostatic precipitators are highly efficient filtration devices that minimally impede the flow of gases through the device, and can easily remove fine particulates such as dust and smoke from the air stream.
4838:
111:
23200:
22028:
21198:
21190:
5207:
23188:
22004:
21182:
5901:
3486:
person is exposed to, the degree of exposure, and the individual's health status and genetics. The most common sources of air pollution include particulates and ozone (often from burning fossil fuels), nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. Children aged less than five years who live in developing countries are the most vulnerable population to death attributable to indoor and outdoor air pollution.
3240:
4890:: A wet scrubber is a form of pollution control technology. The term describes a variety of devices that use pollutants from a furnace flue gas or from other gas streams. In a wet scrubber, the polluted gas stream is brought into contact with the scrubbing liquid, by spraying it with the liquid, by forcing it through a pool of liquid, or by some other contact method, so as to remove the pollutants.
2755:
11091:
5642:
worse. Furthermore, traditional ecological knowledge and
Indigenous knowledge systems provide insightful information about sustainable resource management and climate change adaptation techniques. To promote persistence and environmental justice, Indigenous viewpoints must be acknowledged and integrated into efforts to mitigate the effects of climate change and adapt to them.
3098:): Ozone is created when NOx and VOCs mix. It is a significant part of the troposphere. It's also an important part of the ozone layer, which can be found in different sections of the stratosphere. Photochemical and chemical reactions involving it fuel many of the chemical activities that occur in the atmosphere during the day and night. It is a pollutant and a component of
2621:
generating the pollutant is how these factors are commonly stated (e.g., kilograms of particulate emitted per tonne of coal burned). These criteria make estimating emissions from diverse sources of pollution easier. Most of the time, these components are just averages of all available data of acceptable quality, and they are thought to be typical of long-term averages.
3276:, traffic related exposures may dominate total exposure despite short exposure times since high concentrations coincide with proximity to major roads or participation in (motorized) traffic. A large portion of total daily exposure occurs as short peaks of high concentrations, but it remains unclear how to define peaks and determine their frequency and health impact.
3750:
developing countries versus 10.2% in developed countries). In women, air pollution is not associated with hemorrhagic but with ischemic stroke. Air pollution was found to be associated with increased incidence and mortality from coronary stroke. Associations are believed to be causal and effects may be mediated by vasoconstriction, low-grade inflammation and
1952:, 43 percent of countries lack a legal definition of air pollution, 31 percent lack outdoor air quality standards, 49 percent restrict their definition to outdoor pollution only, and just 31 percent have laws for tackling pollution originating from outside their borders. National air quality laws have often been highly effective, notably the 1956
3287:) is 75% lower. Growing evidence that air pollution—even when experienced at very low levels—hurts human health, led the WHO to revise its guideline (from 10 μg/m to 5 μg/m) for what it considers a safe level of exposure of particulate pollution, bringing most of the world—97.3 percent of the global population—into the unsafe zone.
3554:
million, with 5.5 million of these premature deaths due to air pollution from anthropogenic sources. A 2022 review concluded that in 2019 air pollution was responsible for approximately million deaths. It concluded that since 2015 little real progress against pollution has been made. Causes of deaths include strokes, heart disease,
5687:, which contributes to more than 3.2 million premature deaths around the world each year, is a significant problem. It is very small and can lodge itself within the lungs and enter the bloodstream. Diesel soot is concentrated in densely populated areas, and one in six people in the U.S. live near a diesel pollution hot spot.
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3247:
3245:
3241:
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than affluent ones. Racial discrepancies are particularly distinct in suburban areas of the
Southern United States and metropolitan areas of the Midwestern and Western United States. Residents in public housing, who are generally low-income and cannot move to healthier neighborhoods, are highly affected by nearby
1918:) pollution around another 2.1 million. The scope of the air pollution crisis is large: In 2018, WHO estimated that "9 out of 10 people breathe air containing high levels of pollutants." Although the health consequences are extensive, the way the problem is handled is considered largely haphazard or neglected.
3246:
2811:. It is normally encountered as a gas with a characteristic pungent odor. Ammonia contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to foodstuffs and fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is also a building block for the synthesis of many
5637:
Because
Indigenous people frequently experience a disproportionate share of the effects of environmental degradation and climate change, even while they have made very little contribution to the processes causing these changes, environmental justice is especially important to them. Indigenous peoples
5357:
As it is now known that even low levels of air pollution can trigger discomfort for the sensitive population, the index has been developed as a continuum: The higher the number, the greater the health risk and need to take precautions. The index describes the level of health risk associated with this
4292:
and 6.9 g for each 100 μg/m increase in TSP. These associations were statistically significant in both summer and winter, although summer was greater. The proportion of low birth weight attributable to air pollution, was 13%. This is the largest attributable risk ever reported for the known risk
3891:
In 2011, a large Danish epidemiological study found an increased risk of lung cancer for people who lived in areas with high nitrogen oxide concentrations. Another Danish study, likewise noted evidence of possible associations between air pollution and other forms of cancer, including cervical cancer
3808:
and peak flow rate), and increased sputum production and purulence. The differences were more pronounced for subjects aged 50 to 59. The study controlled for age and smoking habits, so concluded that air pollution was the most likely cause of the observed differences. More studies have shown that air
3717:
The US EPA has estimated that limiting ground-level ozone concentration to 65 parts per billion (ppb), would avert 1,700 to 5,100 premature deaths nationwide in 2020 compared with the 75 ppb standard. The agency projected the more protective standard would also prevent an additional 26,000 cases
3324:
A lack of ventilation indoors concentrates air pollution where people often spend the majority of their time. Indoor air pollution can pose a significant health risk. According to EPA reports, the concentrations of many air pollutants can be two to five times higher in indoor air than in outdoor air.
5670:
Air pollution hotspots are areas where air pollution emissions expose individuals to increased negative health effects. They are particularly common in highly populated, urban areas, where there may be a combination of stationary sources (e.g. industrial facilities) and mobile sources (e.g. cars and
5621:
This can be interpreted as recognition that cities can transcend the traditional national government organisational hierarchy and develop solutions to air pollution using global governance networks, for example through transnational relations. Transnational relations include but are not exclusive to
3702:
G20 nations causes two million premature deaths annually, suggesting that the average lifetime consumption of about ~28 people in these countries causes at least one premature death (average age ~67) while developing countries "cannot be expected" to implement or be able to implement countermeasures
3585:
India and China have the highest death rate due to air pollution. India also has more deaths from asthma than any other nation according to the World Health
Organization. In 2019, 1.6 million deaths in India were caused by air pollution. In 2013, air pollution was estimated to kill 500,000 people in
3264:
The risk of air pollution is determined by the pollutant's hazard and the amount of exposure to that pollutant. Air pollution exposure can be measured for a person, a group, such as a neighborhood or a country's children, or an entire population. For example, one would want to determine a geographic
9389:
Whereas in much of the USA and in a few other countries emissions from traffic and power generation are important, in eastern USA, Europe, Russia and East Asia agricultural emissions make the largest relative contribution to PM2.5, with the estimate of overall health impact depending on assumptions
4206:
The connection between air pollution and neurodevelopmental disorders in children is thought to be related to epigenetic dysregulation of the primordial germ cells, embryo, and fetus during a critical period. Some PAHs are considered endocrine disruptors and are lipid soluble. When they build up in
3450:
Air pollution has both acute and chronic effects on human health, affecting a number of different systems and organs but principally affect the body's respiratory system and the cardiovascular system. Afflictions include minor to chronic upper respiratory irritation such as difficulty in breathing,
8620:"... most furnaces, wood stoves, fireplaces, gas water heaters, and gas clothes dryers, usually vent (exhaust) the combustion pollutants directly to the outdoors. However, if the vent system is not properly designed, installed, and maintained, indoor pollutants can build up quickly inside the home.
5867:
In a 2019 projection, by 2030 half of the world's pollution emissions could be generated by Africa. Potential contributors to such an outcome include increased burning activities (such as the burning of open waste), traffic, agri-food and chemical industries, sand dust from the Sahara, and overall
5742:
status and racial minorities can be more vulnerable to cumulative adverse health impacts resulting from elevated exposure to pollutants than more privileged communities. Blacks and
Latinos generally face more pollution than Whites and Asians, and low-income communities bear a higher burden of risk
5257:
and community engagement, local partners are responsible for the vast majority of work related to AQHI implementation. The AQHI provides a number from 1 to 10+ to indicate the level of health risk associated with local air quality. Occasionally, when the amount of air pollution is abnormally high,
4547:
Global depletion of the surrounding air pollution will require valiant leadership, a surplus of combined resources from the international community, and extensive societal changes. Pollution prevention seeks to prevent pollution such as air pollution and could include adjustments to industrial and
4152:
Children and infants are among the most vulnerable to air pollution. Polluted air leads to the poisoning of millions of children under the age of 15, resulting in the death of some 600,000 children annually (543,000 under 5 years of age and 52,000 aged 5-15 years). Children in low or middle income
4111:
There is limited research about the effect that ozone pollution has on fertility. At present, there is no evidence to suggest that ozone exposure poses a deleterious effect on spontaneous fertility in either females or males. However, there have been studies which suggest that high levels of ozone
3485:
Even at levels lower than those considered safe by United States regulators, exposure to three components of air pollution, fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ozone, correlates with cardiac and respiratory illness. Individual reactions to air pollutants depend on the type of pollutant a
2073:
burning of traditional biomass such as wood, crop waste and dung. (In developing and poor countries, traditional biomass burning is the major source of air pollutants. It is also the main source of particulate pollution in many developed areas including the UK & New South Wales. Its pollutants
1909:
Air pollution is the largest environmental risk factor for disease and premature death and the fourth largest risk factor overall for human health. Air pollution causes the premature deaths of around 7 million people worldwide each year, or a global mean loss of life expectancy (LLE) of 2.9 years,
5645:
Combating climate change necessitates an all-encompassing strategy that recognizes the interdependence of social, economic, and environmental elements. This entails defending treaty rights, advancing
Indigenous sovereignty and self-determination, and aiding Indigenous-led projects for sustainable
5641:
Indigenous groups frequently lack the political and financial clout to influence policy decisions that impact their lands and means of subsistence or to lessen the effects of climate change. This makes the already-existing inequalities in these communities' social, economic, and health conditions
1783:
is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances called pollutants in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. It is also the contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment either by chemical,
18796:
Overview of relevant case law and critical state of air pollution protection in the EU: Winfried Huck, Jennifer Maaß, Saparya Sood, Tahar
Benmaghnia, Alexander Schulte, Sarah Heß and Marc-Anthony Walter, The Right to Breathe Clean Air and Access to Justice - Legal State of Play in International,
4397:
In 2015, experimental studies reported the detection of significant episodic (situational) cognitive impairment from impurities in indoor air breathed by test subjects who were not informed about changes in the air quality. Significant deficits were observed in the performance scores achieved in
2853:
has been described as "the worst climate pollutant". Statements such as this refer to its long-term atmospheric effects rather than shorter-term effects on such things as human health, food crops, and buildings. This question of terminology has practical consequences, for example, in determining
4791:
Electricity generated from the combustion of fossil fuels can be replaced by nuclear and renewable energy. Heating and home stoves, which contribute significantly to regional air pollution, can be replaced with a much cleaner fossil fuel, such as natural gas, or, preferably, renewables, in poor
4694:
in the United States would eliminate about 62,000 premature mortalities per year and about 42,000 in 2050, if no biomass were used. This would save about $ 600 billion in health costs a year due to reduced air pollution in 2050, or about 3.6% of the 2014 U.S. gross domestic product. Air quality
3749:
Air pollution is a leading risk factor for stroke, particularly in developing countries where pollutant levels are highest. A systematic analysis of 17 different risk factors in 188 countries found air pollution is associated with nearly one in three strokes (29%) worldwide (33.7% of strokes in
5783:
due to anthropogenic air pollution in fast-growing tropical cities. However, even populated areas in developed countries attain unhealthy levels of pollution, with Los
Angeles and Rome being two examples. Between 2002 and 2011 the incidence of lung cancer in Beijing near doubled. While smoking
4450:
Various studies have estimated the impacts of air pollution on agriculture, especially ozone. A 2020 study showed that ozone pollution in
California may reduce yields of certain perennial crops such as table grapes by as much as 22% per year, translating into economic damages of more than $ 1
4139:
Ozone is thought to act in a biphasic manner where a positive effect on live birth is observed when ozone exposure is limited to before IVF embryo implantation. Conversely, a negative effect is demonstrated upon exposure to ozone after embryo implantation. However, after adjusting for NO2, the
3796:
of 1952 compared 293 London residents with 477 residents of
Gloucester, Peterborough, and Norwich, three towns with low reported death rates from chronic bronchitis. All subjects were male postal truck drivers aged 40 to 59. Compared to the subjects from the outlying towns, the London subjects
3725:
A 2008 economic study of the health impacts and associated costs of air pollution in the Los Angeles Basin and San Joaquin Valley of Southern California shows that more than 3,800 people die prematurely (approximately 14 years earlier than normal) each year because air pollution levels violate
3268:
For each specific time that the subgroup is in the setting and engaged in particular activities, the exposure to an air pollutant must integrate the concentrations of the air pollutant with regard to the time spent in each setting and the respective inhalation rates for each subgroup, playing,
4594:
is likely to involve zoning and transport infrastructure planning. In most developed countries, land-use planning is an important part of social policy, ensuring that land is used efficiently for the benefit of the wider economy and population, as well as to protect the environment. Stringent
4143:
In terms of male fertility, ozone is reported to cause a significant decrease in the concentration and count of sperm in semen after exposure. Similarly, sperm vitality, the proportion of live spermatozoa in a sample, was demonstrated to be diminished as a result of exposure to air pollution.
3887:
increases mortality from lung cancer, but the data was insufficient to provide solid conclusions. Another investigation showed that higher activity level increases deposition fraction of aerosol particles in human lung and recommended avoiding heavy activities like running in outdoor space at
3553:
Estimates of deaths toll due to air pollution vary. In 2014 the World Health Organization estimated that every year air pollution causes the premature death of 7 million people worldwide, 1 in 8 deaths worldwide. A study published in 2019 indicated that in 2015 the number may be closer to 8.8
5149:
monitoring of air quality may be necessary for improving air quality, and thereby the health and safety of the public, and assessing impacts of interventions. Such monitoring is done to different extents with different regulatory requirements with discrepant regional coverage by a variety of
4795:
Motor vehicles driven by fossil fuels, a key factor in urban air pollution, can be replaced by electric vehicles. Though lithium supply and cost is a limitation, there are alternatives. Herding more people into clean public transit such as electric trains can also help. Nevertheless, even in
4089:
2620:
Air pollutant emission factors are reported representative values that aim to link the quantity of a pollutant released into the ambient air to an activity connected with that pollutant's release. The weight of the pollutant divided by a unit weight, volume, distance, or time of the activity
4463:$ 5 trillion per year as a result of productivity losses and degraded quality of life. These productivity losses are caused by deaths due to diseases caused by air pollution. One out of ten deaths in 2013 was caused by diseases associated with air pollution and the problem is getting worse.
4250:
was strongly associated with 18% of preterm births globally, which was approximately 2.7 million premature births. The countries with the highest air pollution associated preterm births were in South and East Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, and West sub-Saharan Africa. In 2019, ambient
3878:
The review further noted that living close to busy traffic appears to be associated with elevated risks of these three outcomes – increase in lung cancer deaths, cardiovascular deaths, and overall non-accidental deaths. The reviewers also found suggestive evidence that exposure to
3325:
Indoor air pollutants can be up to 100 times higher in some cases than they are inside. People can spend up to 90% of their time indoors, according to the American Lung Association; the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) 2012; and the US Environmental Protection Agency 2012a.
5184:) and different uses. These models can be used in forecast mode which can help policy makers to decide on appropriate actions when an air pollution episode is detected. They can also be used for climate modeling including evolution of air quality in the future, for example the IPCC (
3244:
3576:
The WHO estimates that in 2016, ~58% of outdoor air pollution-related premature deaths were due to ischaemic heart disease and stroke. The mechanisms linking air pollution to increased cardiovascular mortality are uncertain, but probably include pulmonary and systemic inflammation.
3988:(PAHs) have been associated with reduced fertility. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a well-known PAH and carcinogen which is often found in exhaust fumes and cigarette smoke. PAHs have been reported to administer their toxic effects through oxidative stress by increasing the production of
18711:
3248:
4821:
Induced humidity and ventilation both can greatly dampen air pollution in enclosed spaces, which was found to be relatively high inside subway lines due to braking and friction and relatively less ironically inside transit buses than lower sitting passenger automobiles or
3568:) from air pollution in 2015 was 2.9 years, substantially more than, for example, 0.3 years from all forms of direct violence. Communities with persons that live beyond 85 years have low ambient air pollution, suggesting a link between air pollution levels and longevity.
3784:
The risk of lung disease from air pollution is greatest for infants and young children, whose normal breathing is faster than that of older children and adults; the elderly; those who work outside or spend a lot of time outside; and those who have heart or lung disease
3156:(including the Air "Framework" Directive, 96/62/EC, on ambient air quality assessment and management, Directive 98/24/EC, on risks related to chemical agents at work, and Directive 2004/107/EC covering heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air).
5727:, including race, a lack of ability to influence regulation and a lack of ability to move to neighborhoods with less environmental pollution. These communities bear a disproportionate burden of environmental pollution and are more likely to face health risks such as
5598:
In March 2011, the Greater London Built-up Area remained the only UK region in breach of the EC's limit values, and was given three months to implement an emergency action plan aimed at meeting the EU Air Quality Directive. The City of London has dangerous levels of
2913:
of fuel such as natural gas, coal or wood. Vehicular exhaust contributes to the majority of carbon monoxide let into the atmosphere. It creates a smog type formation in the air that has been linked to many lung diseases and disruptions to the natural environment and
3726:
federal standards. The number of annual premature deaths is considerably higher than the fatalities related to auto collisions in the same area, which average fewer than 2,000 per year. A 2021 study found that outdoor air pollution is associated with substantially
2733:(solid particles or liquid droplets dispersed and carried by a gas). A pollutant can be of natural origin or man-made. Pollutants are classified as primary or secondary. Primary pollutants are usually produced by processes such as ash from a volcanic eruption.
2659:, Ghana, using open-burning of electronics to access valuable metals like copper. Open burning of plastics is common in many parts of the world without the capacity for processing. Especially without proper protections, heavy metals and other contaminates can
4753:; however, similar infrastructure and design decisions like electric vehicles may be associated with similar pollution for production as well as mining and resource exploitation for large numbers of needed batteries as well as the energy for their recharging
3078:. This effect varies depending on local air quality. The aromatic NMVOCs benzene, toluene and xylene are suspected carcinogens and may lead to leukemia with prolonged exposure. 1,3-butadiene is another dangerous compound often associated with industrial use.
4021:
refers to the collection of solids and liquids suspended in the air. These can be harmful to humans, and more research has shown that these effects may be more extensive than first thought; particularly on male fertility. PM can be different sizes, such as
4281:) and total suspended particulates (TSP) and preterm births and low birth weights in Beijing. A group of 74,671 pregnant women, in four separate regions of Beijing, were monitored from early pregnancy to delivery along with daily air pollution levels of SO
3415:. As clear explanations are not always stressed in non-technical literature, care should be taken to distinguish between several forms of relevant diseases. According to the World Health Organization, these may be defined as asbestosis, lung cancer, and
18985:
3687:(DE) is a major contributor to combustion-derived particulate matter air pollution. In several human experimental studies, using a well-validated exposure chamber setup, DE has been linked to acute vascular dysfunction and increased thrombus formation.
19754:, vol. LXVI, no. 14 (26 September 2019), pp. 64–66, 68. "Today, 91 percent of people worldwide live in areas where air pollution levels exceed the World Health Organization's recommended limits. ... here is no safe level of exposure to fine
4122:
While most research on this topic is focused on the direct human exposure of air pollution, other studies have analysed the impact of air pollution on gametes and embryos within IVF laboratories. Multiple studies have reported a marked improvement in
6358:
5221:
and E.U. Air Quality Directive) set maximum atmospheric concentrations for specific pollutants. Environmental agencies enact regulations which are intended to result in attainment of these target levels. The second class (such as the North American
4884:: Designed to handle heavy dust loads, a dust collector consists of a blower, dust filter, a filter-cleaning system, and a dust receptacle or dust removal system (distinguished from air cleaners which utilize disposable filters to remove the dust).
11622:
4251:
particulate matter pollution in Africa resulted in at least 383,000 early deaths, according to new estimates of the cost of air pollution in the continent. This increased from 3.6% in 1990 to around 7.4% of all premature deaths in the area.
13092:
Feigin VL, Roth GA, Naghavi M, Parmar P, Krishnamurthi R, Chugh S, et al. (August 2016). "Global burden of stroke and risk factors in 188 countries, during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013".
3192:
18719:
7389:
4390:- neurotransmitters produced in response to infection and inflammation that are also associated with depression and suicide. Pollution has been associated with inflammation of the brain, which may disrupt mood regulation. Heightened PM
3742:, air pollution is responsible for 19% of all cardiovascular deaths. There is strong evidence linking both short- and long-term exposure to air pollution with cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity, stroke, blood pressure, and
2736:
Other examples include carbon monoxide gas from motor vehicle exhausts or sulfur dioxide released from factories. Secondary pollutants are not emitted directly. Rather, they form in the air when primary pollutants react or interact.
4426:
Even in areas with relatively low levels of air pollution, public health effects can be significant and costly, since a large number of people breathe in such pollutants. A study found that even in areas of the U.S. where ozone and
1910:
and there has been no significant change in the number of deaths caused by all forms of pollution since at least 2015. Outdoor air pollution attributable to fossil fuel use alone causes ~3.61 million deaths annually, making it one
3216:
3110:
gases (nitrogen oxides, especially from combustion) and volatile organic compounds in the presence of sunlight. Due to the influence of temperature and sunlight on this reaction, high ozone levels are most common on hot summer
4633:
Since a large share of air pollution is caused by combustion of fossil fuels such as coal and oil, the reduction of these fuels can reduce air pollution drastically. Most effective is the switch to clean power sources such as
4377:
and prevented that region of the brain from developing, and the ventricles simply expanded to fill the space. Our findings add to the growing body of evidence that air pollution may play a role in autism, as well as in other
8375:... it is estimated that 40 percent of all China's factories have been shut down at some point in order to be inspected... over 80,000 factories have been hit with fines and criminal offenses as a result of their emissions.
4296:
Brauer et al. studied the relationship between air pollution and proximity to a highway with pregnancy outcomes in a Vancouver cohort of pregnant women using addresses to estimate exposure during pregnancy. Exposure to NO,
5504:) with mortality, from an analysis of several Canadian cities. Significantly, all three of these pollutants can pose health risks, even at low levels of exposure, especially among those with pre-existing health problems.
4646:
which do not cause air pollution. Efforts to reduce pollution from mobile sources includes expanding regulation to new sources (such as cruise and transport ships, farm equipment, and small gas-powered equipment such as
19607:
3589:
Annual premature European deaths caused by air pollution are estimated at 430,000 to 800,000. An important cause of these deaths is nitrogen dioxide and other nitrogen oxides (NOx) emitted by road vehicles. Across the
3365:, and other scented items. Controlled wood fires in cook stoves and fireplaces can add significant amounts of harmful smoke particulates into the air, inside and out. Indoor pollution fatalities may be caused by using
2959:/particles (PM), also known as particulates, atmospheric particulate matter (APM), or fine particles, are microscopic solid or liquid particles suspended in a gas. Aerosol is a mixture of particles and gas. Volcanoes,
2675:
has published a compilation of air pollutant emission factors for a wide range of industrial sources. The United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and many other countries have published similar compilations, as well as the
4857:
The following items are commonly used as pollution control devices in industry and transportation. They can either destroy contaminants or remove them from an exhaust stream before it is emitted into the atmosphere.
17502:
4817:
is prevalent, turning a useless commodity into a source of income. The plants can be gathered and sold to a central authority that will break them down in a large modern biodigester, producing much needed energy to
4131:
and pregnancy rates after IVF laboratories have implemented air filters in a concerted effort to reduce levels of air pollution. Therefore, ozone pollution is considered to have a negative impact on the success of
7386:
Batool R, Zaman K, Khurshid MA, Sheikh SM, Aamir A, Shoukry AM, et al. (October 2019). "Economics of death and dying: a critical evaluation of environmental damages and healthcare reforms across the globe".
4566:
scheme in Germany which allowed people to buy a monthly pass allowing use on all local and regional transport (trains, trams and busses) for 9 euro (€) for one month of unlimited travel saved 1.8 million tons of
16322:"Associations of Cognitive Function Scores with Carbon Dioxide, Ventilation, and Volatile Organic Compound Exposures in Office Workers: A Controlled Exposure Study of Green and Conventional Office Environments"
22986:
8582:
7104:
3243:
16045:
5756:
5714:
While air pollution hotspots affect a variety of populations, some groups are more likely to be located in hotspots. Previous studies have shown disparities in exposure to pollution by race and/or income.
2191:
can use controlled fire as a tool because fire is a natural feature of both forest and grassland ecology. Controlled burning encourages the sprouting of some desirable forest trees, resulting in a forest
2890:
and not classified as toxic or harmful in general. Workplace exposure limits exist in places like UK (5,000 ppm for long-term exposure and 15,000 ppm for short-term exposure). Natural disasters like the
3598:
by almost nine months. In a 2015 consultation document the UK government disclosed that nitrogen dioxide is responsible for 23,500 premature UK deaths per annum. There is a positive correlation between
1820:. Air pollution can cause diseases, allergies, and even death to humans; it can also cause harm to other living organisms such as animals and crops, and may damage the natural environment (for example,
18109:
13438:
Andersen ZJ, Hvidberg M, Jensen SS, Ketzel M, Loft S, Sorensen M, et al. (2011). "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution: a cohort study. ".
5226:) take the form of a scale with various thresholds, which is used to communicate to the public the relative risk of outdoor activity. The scale may or may not distinguish between different pollutants.
6627:
Dominski FH, Lorenzetti Branco JH, Buonanno G, Stabile L, Gameiro da Silva M, Andrade A (October 2021). "Effects of air pollution on health: A mapping review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses".
4535:
laboratory in the former USSR in 1979 near Yekaterinburg (formerly Sverdlovsk) is believed to have caused at least 64 deaths. The worst single incident of air pollution to occur in the US occurred in
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ruled that under this directive citizens have the right to require national authorities to implement a short term action plan that aims to maintain or achieve compliance to air quality limit values.
4262:
fuels being used for cooking, which are responsible for more than 80% of regional pollution. In the Middle East, North Africa and West sub-Saharan Africa, fine PM comes from natural sources, such as
3973:
13401:
Gehring U, Wijga AH, Brauer M, Fischer P, de Jongste JC, Kerkhof M, et al. (2010). "Traffic-related air pollution and the development of asthma and allergies during the first 8 years of life".
5258:
the number may exceed 10. The AQHI provides a local air quality current value as well as a local air quality maximums forecast for today, tonight and tomorrow and provides associated health advice.
7978:
8497:
4235:
levels had statistically significant higher odds of pregnancy resulting in a low-birth weight infant even when adjusted for country-related variables. The effect is thought to be from stimulating
3661:
2516:. It is considered to be a health hazard. Radon gas from natural sources can accumulate in buildings, especially in confined areas such as the basement and it is the second most frequent cause of
5563:
can "set objectives for ambient air quality in order to avoid, prevent or reduce harmful effects on human health and the environment ... and improve air quality where it is unsatisfactory".
2729:
An air pollutant is a material in the air that can have many effects on humans and the ecosystem. The substance can be solid particles, liquid droplets, or gases, and often takes the form of an
5779:, especially in developing countries where cities are experiencing rapid growth and environmental regulations are relatively lax or nonexistent. Urbanization leads to a rapid rise in premature
4595:
environmental regulations, effective control technologies and shift towards the renewable source of energy also helping countries like China and India to reduce their sulfur dioxide pollution.
4058:
In Turkey, a study examined the fertility of men who work as toll collectors and are therefore exposed to high levels of traffic pollutants daily. Traffic pollution often has high levels of PM
14008:
Saber E, Heydari G (May 2012). "Flow patterns and deposition fraction of particles in the range of 0.1–10 μm at trachea and the first third generations under different breathing conditions".
6443:
3407:
medical condition affecting the tissue of the lungs. It occurs after long-term, heavy exposure to asbestos from asbestos-containing materials in structures. Those with asbestosis have severe
7683:
7454:
5738:
Studies show that patterns in race and income disparities not only indicate a higher exposure to pollution but also higher risk of adverse health outcomes. Communities characterized by low
3369:
and other chemical sprays indoors without proper ventilation. Also the kitchen in a modern produce harmful particles and gases, with equipment like toasters being one of the worst sources.
18025:
4309:
were associated with infants born small for gestational age (SGA). Women living less than 50 meters away from an expressway or highway were 26% more likely to give birth to a SGA infant.
3167:
8024:
3681:, electricity production, and heating. There are estimated 4.5 million annual premature deaths worldwide due to pollutants released by high-emission power stations and vehicle exhausts.
18435:
10512:
Singh R, Kumar S, Karmakar S, Siddiqui AJ, Mathur A, Adnan M, et al. (2021). "2: Causes, Consequences, and Control of Persistent Organic Pollutants". In Kumar N, Shukla V (eds.).
4330:
Air pollution increases the risk of dementia in people over 50 years old. Indoor air pollution exposure during childhood may negatively affect cognitive function and neurodevelopment.
3606:
Eliminating energy-related fossil fuel emissions in the United States would prevent 46,900–59,400 premature deaths each year and provide $ 537–$ 678 billion in benefits from avoided PM
20918:
5618:, arguing that in future "A great city like London" should be permitted to bypass its government and deal directly with the European Commission regarding its air quality action plan.
3029:
is produced by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, and their combustion generates sulfur dioxide. Further oxidation of SO
2572:
are some examples of vegetation that can produce abundant VOCs. The VOC production from these species result in ozone levels up to eight times higher than the low-impact tree species.
830:
17964:"Interseasonal Heat Transfer – Seasonal Heat Storage – GSHC – Renewable Heat & Renewable Cooling from ThermalBanks – Efficient Renewable Energy – Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems"
13144:
Miller KA, Siscovick DS, Sheppard L, Shepherd K, Sullivan JH, Anderson GL, et al. (2007). "Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of cardiovascular events in women".
3422:
Biological sources of air pollution are also found indoors, as gases and airborne particulates. Pets produce dander, people produce dust from minute skin flakes and decomposed hair,
21143:
7923:
5762:
1009:
5238:(AQHI). It is a health protection tool used to make decisions to reduce short-term exposure to air pollution by adjusting activity levels during increased levels of air pollution.
21138:
19649:
4227:. A 2014 WHO worldwide survey on maternal and perinatal health found a statistically significant association between low birth weights (LBW) and increased levels of exposure to PM
1004:
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concentrations, estimated to cause 3000 deaths per year within the city. As well as the threat of EU fines, in 2010 it was threatened with legal action for scrapping the western
16116:"Early Postnatal Exposure to Ultrafine Particulate Matter Air Pollution: Persistent Ventriculomegaly, Neurochemical Disruption, and Glial Activation Preferentially in Male Mice"
12720:"EPA Strengthens Ozone Standards to Protect Public Health/Science-based standards to reduce sick days, asthma attacks, emergency room visits, greatly outweigh costs (10/1/2015)"
6506:"Association between air pollution exposure and mental health service use among individuals with first presentations of psychotic and mood disorders: retrospective cohort study"
3328:
Indoor contaminants that can cause pollution include asbestos, biologic agents, building materials, radon, tobacco smoke, and wood stoves, gas ranges, or other heating systems.
16381:"Associations between acute exposures to PM2.5 and carbon dioxide indoors and cognitive function in office workers: a multicountry longitudinal prospective observational study"
7709:"Protocol On Further Reduction Of Sulphur Emissions To The Convention On Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution | International Environmental Agreements (IEA) Database Project"
5622:
national governments and intergovernmental organisations, allowing sub-national actors including cities and regions to partake in air pollution control as independent actors.
3546:
Estimated annual number of deaths attributed to air pollution in 2019. This includes three categories of air pollution: indoor household, outdoor particulate matter and ozone.
2156:). Road vehicles make a significant amount of all air pollution (typically, for example, around a third to a half of all nitrogen dioxide emissions) and are a major driver of
3372:
Carbon monoxide poisoning and fatalities are often caused by faulty vents and chimneys, or by the burning of charcoal indoors or in a confined space, such as a tent. Chronic
5875:
In a 2012 study, by 2050 outdoor air pollution (particulate matter and ground-level ozone) is projected to become the top cause of environmentally related deaths worldwide.
2741:
is a prominent example of a secondary pollutant. Some pollutants may be both primary and secondary: they are both emitted directly and formed from other primary pollutants.
4156:
Health effects of air pollution on children include asthma, pneumonia and lower respiratory tract infections and low birth weight. A study in Europe found that exposure to
23331:
19632:
19466:
18401:
12603:
Törnqvist HK, Mills NL, Gonzalez M, Miller MR, Robinson SD, Megson IL, et al. (2007). "Persistent Endothelial Dysfunction in Humans after Diesel Exhaust Inhalation".
8387:
Huo H, Zhang Q, Guan D, Su X, Zhao H, He K (16 December 2014). "Examining Air Pollution in China Using Production- And Consumption-Based Emissions Accounting Approaches".
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during pregnancy was associated with ASD. A Danish study linked exposure to air pollution during infancy, but not during pregnancy, to an increased risk of ASD diagnosis.
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China each year. In 2012, 2.48% of China's total air pollution emissions were caused by exports due to US demand, causing an additional 27,963 deaths across 30 provinces.
13963:
Chen H, Goldberg M, Villeneuve P (October–December 2008). "A systematic review of the relation between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and chronic diseases".
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have been marginalized and their lands and resources have been exploited as a result of historical and continuing colonization, institutional injustices, and inequality.
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19057:
8359:
4402:(VOCs) or carbon dioxide, while keeping other factors constant. The highest impurity levels reached are not uncommon in some classroom or office environments. Higher PM
19849:
13485:
13440:
13403:
12915:"Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015"
12605:
9337:
Lelieveld J, Evans JS, Fnais M, Giannadaki D, Pozzer A (September 2015). "The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale".
1890:. Growing evidence suggests that air pollution exposure may be associated with reduced IQ scores, impaired cognition, increased risk for psychiatric disorders such as
6568:"Ambient and household PM2.5 pollution and adverse perinatal outcomes: A meta-regression and analysis of attributable global burden for 204 countries and territories"
3766:(COPD) from increased exposure to traffic-related air pollution. Air pollution has been associated with increased hospitalization and mortality from asthma and COPD.
17368:
17310:"Zero air pollution and zero carbon from all energy at low cost and without blackouts in variable weather throughout the U.S. with 100% wind-water-solar and storage"
12060:(December 2013 issue) and reported in The Daily Telegraph 8 January 2014 p. 15 'Air pollution killing up to 500,000 Chinese each year, admits former health minister.
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land uses (toxic storage and disposal facilities, manufacturing facilities, major roadways) tend to be located where property values and income levels are low. Low
4010:
and ovarian development by reducing the number of ovarian germ cells via triggering cell death pathways and inducing inflammation which can lead to ovarian damage.
4003:
and increasing the exposure worsens this effect. Research has demonstrated that more BaPs were found in men with reported fertility issues compared to men without.
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Short and long term exposures have been linked with premature mortality and reduced life expectancy and can result in increased medication use, increased doctor or
19911:
17860:
11218:
10343:"Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are heavier than air, so how do scientists suppose that these chemicals reach the altitude of the ozone layer to adversely affect it?"
9172:
7213:
2874:
currently forms about 410 parts per million (ppm) of Earth's atmosphere, compared to about 280 ppm in pre-industrial times, and billions of metric tons of CO
14661:
Frutos V, González-Comadrán M, Solà I, Jacquemin B, Carreras R, Checa Vizcaíno MA (2 January 2015). "Impact of air pollution on fertility: a systematic review".
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5581:
legal obligation on the UK to protect its citizens from dangerous levels of air pollution, furthermore superseding national interests with those of the citizen.
3781:. COPD risk factors are both genetic and environmental. Elevated particle pollution contributes to the exacerbation of this disease and likely its pathogenesis.
7070:
3809:
pollution exposure from traffic reduces lung function development in children and lung function may be compromised by air pollution even at low concentrations.
3730:"even at low pollution levels below the current European and North American standards and WHO guideline values" shortly before the WHO adjusted its guidelines.
1902:. Individual reactions to air pollutants depend on the type of pollutant a person is exposed to, the degree of exposure, and the individual's health status and
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17888:
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6200:
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5577:
This important case law appears to confirm the role of the EC as centralised regulator to European nation-states as regards air pollution control. It places a
19143:
Drury R, Belliveau M, Kuhn JS, Shipra B (Spring 1999). "Pollution Trading and Environmental Justice: Los Angeles' Failed Experiment in Air Pollution Policy".
18893:
18243:
7333:
19605:(2005). "Selections from the history of environmental pollution, with special attention to air pollution. Part 2*: From medieval times to the 19th century".
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4484:
A study published in 2022 found "a strong and significant connection between air pollution and construction site accidents" and that "a 10-ppb increase in NO
2625:
1988:
There are many different sources of air pollution. Some air pollutants (such as nitrogen oxides) originate mainly from human activities, while some (notably
11753:
7045:
19104:
12719:
19690:
11891:"Cardiovascular Mortality and Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution: Epidemiological Evidence of General Pathophysiological Pathways of Disease"
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4803:
Reducing travel in vehicles can curb pollution. After Stockholm reduced vehicle traffic in the central city with a congestion tax, nitrogen dioxide and PM
1992:
gas) come mostly from natural sources. However, many air pollutants (including dust and sulfur dioxide) come from a mixture of natural and human sources.
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9977:
8660:
4357:. In this study, air pollution had a larger negative impact on male mice than on females. Lead researcher on the study, Deborah Cory-Slechta, said that:
2600:
11725:
7304:
22981:
18814:
18183:
Singla S, Bansal D, Misra A, Raheja G (31 August 2018). "Towards an integrated framework for air quality monitoring and exposure estimation-a review".
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Data sources: Markandya & Wilkinson (2007); UNSCEAR (2008; 2018); Sovacool et al. (2016); IPCC AR5 (2014); Pehl et al. (2017); Ember Energy (2021).
9009:
4711:
Support for a ban on high-emission vehicles in city centres in Europe, China and the US from respondents to the European Investment Bank Climate Survey
2950:. It is one of several nitrogen oxides. One of the most prominent air pollutants, this reddish-brown toxic gas has a characteristic sharp, biting odor.
15445:"Outdoor air pollution, preterm birth, and low birth weight: analysis of the World Health Organization global survey on maternal and perinatal health"
3442:, dust, and mold. Indoors, the lack of air circulation allows these airborne pollutants to accumulate more than they would otherwise occur in nature.
3426:
in bedding, carpeting and furniture produce enzymes and micrometre-sized fecal droppings, inhabitants emit methane, mold forms on walls and generates
22971:
19905:
13581:
9685:
13483:
Committee of the Environmental and Occupational Health Assembly of the American Thoracic Society (1996). "Health effects of outdoor air pollution".
10960:
Dons E (2019). "Transport most likely to cause air pollution peak exposures in everyday life: Evidence from over 2000 days of personal monitoring".
4334:
may also affect neurodevelopment. Studies show that air pollution is associated with a variety of developmental disabilities, oxidative stress, and
3497:
sets limits on certain air pollutants, including setting limits on how much can be in the air anywhere in the United States. Mixed exposure to both
18615:
17366:
Gielen D, Boshell F, Saygin D, Bazilian MD, Wagner N, Gorini R (1 April 2019). "The role of renewable energy in the global energy transformation".
16288:
13867:
12640:
11016:
17536:
Fensterstock, Ketcham and Walsh, The Relationship of Land Use and Transportation Planning to Air Quality Management, Ed. George Hagevik, May 1972.
11253:
6170:
4520:), killed at least 3787 people and injured from 150,000 to 600,000. The United Kingdom suffered its worst air pollution event when the 4 December
21650:
21483:
16635:"Assessing the relationship between air pollution, agricultural insurance, and agricultural green total factor productivity: evidence from China"
12527:
9537:
9218:
Landfill gas (LFG) is a natural byproduct of the decomposition of organic material in landfills. LFG is composed of roughly 50 percent methane...
7549:
6864:
Fuller R, Landrigan PJ, Balakrishnan K, Bathan G, Bose-O'Reilly S, Brauer M, et al. (June 2022). "Pollution and health: a progress update".
6063:
17471:
15822:
3816:, serious health hazards become more apparent when living in a more urban environment. Studies have shown that in urban areas people experience
21156:
16172:
13224:"Carotid intima-media thickness, a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, and particulate air pollution exposure: the meta-analytical evidence"
5954:
1014:
15578:
2088:-, and devices-manufacturing and construction sectors contributed more than 50% of air pollutant emissions. This high emission is due to high
18483:
Yu T, Wang W, Ciren P, Sun R (18 October 2018). "An assessment of air-quality monitoring station locations based on satellite observations".
18423:
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9403:
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health outcomes that are often fatal in developing countries. A 2014 study found that PAHs might play a role in the development of childhood
3494:
2672:
8632:
5554:
4438:
Rural populations in India, like those in urban areas, are also exposed to high levels of air pollution. In 2020, scientists found that the
11781:
10448:
8802:
4504:
pollution levels and with telescopic technology close to today. It may also be possible to detect extraterrestrial civilizations this way.
4258:
differs greatly by region. In South and East Asia, pregnant women are frequently exposed to indoor air pollution because of wood and other
3300:
2978:
14712:
Checa Vizcaíno MA, González-Comadran M, Jacquemin B (September 2016). "Outdoor air pollution and human infertility: a systematic review".
2145:
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20851:
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17124:
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However, findings on the effect of ozone exposure on male fertility are somewhat discordant, highlighting the need for further research.
1092:
780:
15285:
13293:"Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association"
23021:
16916:
16866:
16833:
15221:"Exposure to local, source-specific ambient air pollution during pregnancy and autism in children: a cohort study from southern Sweden"
14173:
Yacong Bo (2021). "Reduced Ambient PM2.5 Was Associated with a Decreased Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Longitudinal Cohort Study".
6737:"Air Pollution Toxicology—A Brief Review of the Role of the Science in Shaping the Current Understanding of Air Pollution Health Risks"
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5595:
limit values. The UK government has identified that if fines are imposed, they could cost the nation upwards of £300 million per year.
4112:
pollution, often a problem in the summer months, exert an effect on in vitro fertilisation (IVF) outcomes. Within an IVF population, NO
1678:
21929:
9302:
Sun F, Dai Y, Yu X (December 2017). "Air pollution, food production and food security: A review from the perspective of food system".
4707:
2216:
and other solvents. These can be substantial; emissions from these sources was estimated to account for almost half of pollution from
21934:
12239:"Nationwide and Regional PM2.5-Related Air Quality Health Benefits From the Removal of Energy-Related Emissions in the United States"
5531:(CO). The latter two pollutants provided little information in predicting health effects and were removed from the AQHI formulation.
5185:
2059:
18158:
12695:
11933:
7450:"Valuation of air pollution externalities: comparative assessment of economic damage and emission reduction under COVID-19 lockdown"
3001:(PAHs): a group of aromatic compounds formed from the incomplete combustion of organic compounds including coal and oil and tobacco.
1898:
health. The human health effects of poor air quality are far reaching, but principally affect the body's respiratory system and the
21252:
18634:
8722:
4189:
12856:"Long term exposure to low level air pollution and mortality in eight European cohorts within the ELAPSE project: pooled analysis"
12215:
9889:
7919:"Pollution from Fossil-Fuel Combustion is the Leading Environmental Threat to Global Pediatric Health and Equity: Solutions Exist"
5155:
4731:
Strategic substitution of air pollution sources in transport with lower-emission or, during the lifecycle, emission-free forms of
3718:
of aggravated asthma, and more than a million cases of missed work or school. Following this assessment, the EPA acted to protect
3074:. Other hydrocarbon VOCs are also significant greenhouse gases because of their role in creating ozone and prolonging the life of
23054:
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22066:
22008:
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19353:
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17425:
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is naturally present in the air we breathe at a concentration of about 0.037% and is not harmful to health at low concentrations.
6680:"Adverse health effects associated with household air pollution: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and burden estimation study"
6359:"Causes and Consequences of Air Pollution and Environmental Injustice as Critical Issues for Science and Environmental Education"
3419:(generally a very rare form of cancer, when more widespread it is almost always associated with prolonged exposure to asbestos).
2244:
18393:
13482:
11840:"Particulate Air Pollution, Exceptional Aging, and Rates of Centenarians: A Nationwide Analysis of the United States, 1980–2010"
7631:
5559:
In Europe, Council Directive 96/62/EC on ambient air quality assessment and management provides a common strategy against which
5507:
When developing the AQHI, Health Canada's original analysis of health effects included five major air pollutants: particulates,
23272:
23031:
22347:
21391:
19841:
Mosley, Stephen. The chimney of the world: a history of smoke pollution in Victorian and Edwardian Manchester. Routledge, 2013.
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10118:
Some pollutants, and especially those associated with greenhouse warming effects (carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane)...
5218:
5115:
4285:
and TSP (along with other particulates). The estimated reduction in birth weight was 7.3 g for every 100 μg/m increase in
4073:
In women, while overall effects on fertility do not appear significant there is an association between increased exposure to PM
3727:
1938:
1788:
that alters the natural features of the atmosphere. There are many different types of air pollutants, such as gases (including
15604:
14414:"A look beyond the priority: A systematic review of the genotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic endpoints of non-priority PAHs"
9920:
4766:
mixed in with jetfuel at a 50/50 ratio can reduce jet derived cruise altitude particulate emissions by 50–70%, according to a
4762:
than other areas, even when factoring in areas with frequent ship calls, and heavy freeway and city traffic like Los Angeles.
4516:
in India. Leaked industrial vapours from the Union Carbide factory, belonging to Union Carbide, Inc., U.S.A. (later bought by
23089:
22996:
21133:
19827:
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19580:
19558:
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17197:
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14175:
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11288:. Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Biomonitoring of Atmospheric Pollution (With Emphasis on Trace Elements).
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processes (POPs). As a result, they've been discovered to survive in the environment, be capable of long-range transmission,
1879:
999:
19868:
15911:"Effects of air pollution on the nervous system and its possible role in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders"
15343:. Prenatal Programming and Toxicity II (PPTOX II): Role of Environmental Stressors in the Developmental Origins of Disease.
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11809:
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In 2021, the WHO reported that outdoor air pollution was estimated to cause 4.2 million premature deaths worldwide in 2019.
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20421:
20233:
19122:
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7299:
5482:
or reschedule strenuous activities outdoors, especially if you experience symptoms such as coughing and throat irritation.
3828:
1944:
Many different technologies and strategies are available for reducing air pollution. Although a majority of countries have
273:
19405:
The Daily Telegraph 8 January 2014 'Air pollution killing up to 500,000 Chinese each year, admits former health minister'.
15841:"Early life multiple exposures and child cognitive function: A multi-centric birth cohort study in six European countries"
12745:
10897:
9781:
5249:. However, the AQHI program would not be possible without the commitment and support of the provinces, municipalities and
5188:) provides climate simulations including air quality assessments in their reports (latest report accessible through their
5150:
organizations and governance entities such as using a variety of technologies for use of the data and sensing such mobile
3478:
visits, more hospital admissions and premature death. Diseases that develop from persistent exposure to air pollution are
3049:
is formed. This is one of the causes for concern over the environmental impact of the use of these fuels as power sources.
2113:
as well as open and uncontrolled fires of mismanaged waste, making up about a fourth of municipal solid terrestrial waste)
23036:
22600:
22188:
21643:
20386:
20279:
19949:
17050:
13146:
12830:"Human health may be at risk from long-term exposure to air pollution below current air quality standards and guidelines"
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5784:
remains the leading cause of lung cancer in China, the number of smokers is falling while lung cancer rates are rising .
5626:
2240:
1668:
400:
320:
19681:
Grinder, Robert Dale. "The Battle for Clean Air: The Smoke Problem in Post-Civil War America" in Martin V. Melosi, ed.,
19282:"Rapid rise in premature mortality due to anthropogenic air pollution in fast-growing tropical cities from 2005 to 2018"
16949:
16834:"Health and air quality 2005 – Phase 2: Valuation of health impacts from air quality in the lower Fraser Valley airshed"
14934:"Blood Pressure and Same-Day Exposure to Air Pollution at School: Associations with Nano-Sized to Coarse PM in Children"
14047:"Lung cancer incidence and long-term exposure to air pollution from traffic. [Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]"
11968:"Global estimation of mortality, disability-adjusted life years and welfare cost from exposure to ambient air pollution"
10862:
9803:
8604:
4524:
of 1952 formed over London. In six days more than 4,000 died and more recent estimates put the figure at nearer 12,000.
3279:
In 2021, the WHO halved its recommended guideline limit for tiny particles from burning fossil fuels. The new limit for
22104:
21608:
21561:
21538:
21291:
21151:
21128:
20307:
19967:
18457:
17500:
Fensterstock JC, Kurtzweg JA, Ozolins G (1971). "Reduction of Air Pollution Potential through Environmental Planning".
11232:
10321:
9928:
9776:
9204:
6165:
4293:
factors of low birth weight. Coal stoves, which are in 97% of homes, are a major source of air pollution in this area.
3528:
Deaths caused by accidents and air pollution from fossil fuel use in power plants exceed those caused by production of
3399:
in industrial and domestic environments in the past has left a potentially very dangerous material in many localities.
2833:. It is potentially lethal at very high concentrations (typically 100 times "normal" atmospheric levels). Although the
1867:
1725:
1673:
994:
908:
350:
17734:"Cost-effectiveness analysis of compressed natural gas implementation in the public bus transit fleet in Delhi, India"
11172:
10475:
Balmes J, Fine J, Sheppard D (1987). "Symptomatic bronchoconstriction after short-term inhalation of sulfur dioxide".
8301:"Annual exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban environments linked to wintertime wood-burning episodes"
4590:
Various pollution control technologies and strategies are available to reduce air pollution. At its most basic level,
3665:
A comparison of footprint-based and transboundary pollution-based relationships among G20 nations for the number of PM
3338:, is exuded from the Earth in certain locations and trapped inside houses. Building materials including carpeting and
58:
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21995:
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European and National Law (2021) in 8(22) International Institutions: Transnational Networks eJournal, available at:
17915:
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15845:
15721:
15517:"Preterm birth associated with maternal fine particulate matter exposure: A global, regional and national assessment"
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3867:(fine particulates) increases the overall risk of non-accidental mortality by 6% per 10 μg/m increase. Exposure to PM
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in children and chronic bronchitis in adults, aggravating pre-existing heart and lung disease, or asthmatic attacks.
3174:
3153:
3148:
There are many other chemicals classed as hazardous air pollutants. Some of these are regulated in the USA under the
1767:
850:
755:
19669:
Grinder RD (1978). "From Insurgency to Efficiency: The Smoke Abatement Campaign in Pittsburgh before World War I.".
15970:"Prenatal air pollution exposure and neurodevelopment: A review and blueprint for a harmonized approach within ECHO"
15516:
13644:
Gauderman W (2007). "Effect of exposure to traffic on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age: a cohort study".
12363:"Consumption in the G20 nations causes particulate air pollution resulting in two million premature deaths annually"
11072:
10150:
9863:
9497:
5180:) can be used to simulate the levels of different pollutants in the atmosphere. These tools can have several types (
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Artificial air pollution may be detectable on Earth from distant vantage points such as other planetary systems via
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effect, cauding DNA damange and mutations. Air pollution has been associated with the prevalence of preterm births.
23778:
21944:
21120:
18904:
17705:
17066:"A Retrospective Assessment of Mortality from the London Smog Episode of 1952: The Role of Influenza and Pollution"
15974:
12430:"Global mortality from outdoor fine particle pollution generated by fossil fuel combustion: Results from GEOS-Chem"
11972:
11414:"Global mortality from outdoor fine particle pollution generated by fossil fuel combustion: Results from GEOS-Chem"
9833:
8957:
8299:
Tsiodra I, Grivas G, Tavernaraki K, Bougiatioti A, Apostolaki M, Paraskevopoulou D, et al. (7 December 2021).
7169:"Global premature mortality due to anthropogenic outdoor air pollution and the contribution of past climate change"
6175:
4687:
4133:
1655:
19058:"Tribes do their part to keep air clean. Now, they want to make sure pollution from afar doesn't put that at risk"
12829:
11524:"Aerosol physicochemical determinants of carbon black and ozone inhalation co-exposure induced pulmonary toxicity"
8831:"Impact of air pollutants from surface transport sources on human health: A modeling and epidemiological approach"
6783:"Aerosol physicochemical determinants of carbon black and ozone inhalation co-exposure induced pulmonary toxicity"
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exposure, such as from car exhausts, activates dormant mutations in lung cells, causing them to become cancerous.
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19993:
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9533:"Biogenic carbon and anthropogenic pollutants combine to form a cooling haze over the southeastern United States"
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or rescheduling strenuous activities outdoors if you experience symptoms such as coughing and throat irritation.
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2125:
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63:
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Port Arthur, Texas: Public Housing Residents Breathe Contaminated Air from Nearby Refineries and Chemical Plants
19108:
11073:"Taking an Exposure History: What Are Possible Sources of Indoor Air Pollution | Environmental Medicine | ATSDR"
9061:"Fire control systems in forest reserves: An assessment of three forest districts in the Northern region, Ghana"
4108:), when in high concentrations, is regarded as an air pollutant and is often found in smog in industrial areas.
2829:): Carbon dioxide is a natural component of the atmosphere, essential for plant life and given off by the human
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Bringing transnational relations back in: non-state actors, domestic structures, and international institutions
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15443:
Fleischer NL, Merialdi M, van Donkelaar A, Vadillo-Ortega F, Martin RV, Betran AP, et al. (1 April 2014).
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13705:
12983:"Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses"
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that is produced in large quantities as a result of human activities (mostly the combustion of fossil fuels). O
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of 2022, which specifically amended the Clean Air Act "to define the carbon dioxide produced by the burning of
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region in 2010. This finding is based on health valuation of lethal (death) and sub-lethal (illness) affects.
3875:(range: 15–21% per 10 μg/m increase) and total cardiovascular mortality (range: 12–14% per 10 μg/m increase).
2973:, which can attach to particulates. Persistent organic pollutants are organic compounds that are resistant to
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100% clean and renewable wind, water, and sunlight (WWS) all-sector energy road maps for the 50 United States
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number as 'low', 'moderate', 'high' or 'very high', and suggests steps that can be taken to reduce exposure.
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3490:
3149:
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1973:
1957:
1553:
1030:
480:
18818:
15839:
Julvez J, López-Vicente M, Warembourg C, Maitre L, Philippat C, Gützkow KB, et al. (1 September 2021).
14412:
da Silva Junior FC, Felipe MB, Castro DE, Araújo SC, Sisenando HC, Batistuzzo de Medeiros SR (1 June 2021).
8656:"Impact of Rocket Launch and Space Debris Air Pollutant Emissions on Stratospheric Ozone and Global Climate"
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5614:
has criticised the current need for European cities to communicate with Europe through their nation state's
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hypersecretion, lower levels of lung function, and more self-diagnosis of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
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16289:"New Study Demonstrates Indoor Building Environment Has Significant, Positive Impact on Cognitive Function"
15605:"Silent Suffocation in Africa - Air Pollution is a Growing Menace, Affecting the Poorest Children the Most"
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air pollution can be equivalent to smoking multiple cigarettes per day, potentially increasing the risk of
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568:
420:
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190:
17733:
17309:
16379:
Cedeño Laurent JG, MacNaughton P, Jones E, Young AS, Bliss M, Flanigan S, et al. (1 September 2021).
12429:
12071:
11413:
8442:"Examining Air Pollution in China Using Production- And Consumption-Based Emissions Accounting Approaches"
7788:
3070:) or non-methane (NMVOCs). Methane is an extremely efficient greenhouse gas which contributes to enhanced
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10773:
10104:
Air Quality Guidelines Global Update 2005: Particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide
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5217:
In general, there are two types of air quality standards. The first class of standards (such as the U.S.
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4605:
light will release free electrons from material, thereby creating free radicals, which break up VOCs and
4553:
4169:
3468:
2677:
2121:
1960:, introduced in 1963. Some of these efforts have been successful at the international level, such as the
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18619:
13701:"Short-term air pollution exposure decreases lung function: a repeated measures study in healthy adults"
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19169:"Understanding the Cumulative Impacts of Inequalities in Environmental Health: Implications for Policy"
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countries are exposed to higher levels of fine particulate matter than those in high income countries.
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in human and animal tissue, biomagnify in food chains, and pose a major threat to human health and the
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2217:
1715:
1078:
435:
285:
19873:
18981:"Beyond the public and private divide: remapping transnational climate governance in the 21st century"
18299:
Kaivonen S, Ngai EC (1 February 2020). "Real-time air pollution monitoring with sensors on city bus".
16770:
14413:
13344:"Retinal Microvascular Responses to Short-Term Changes in Particulate Air Pollution in Healthy Adults"
12501:
12072:"Air pollution-induced health impacts and health economic losses in China driven by US demand exports"
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10605:
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4043:
led to decreased sperm motility and increased abnormal morphology. Similarly, in Poland exposure to PM
3722:
by lowering the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ground-level ozone to 70 ppb.
2815:. Although in wide use, ammonia is both caustic and hazardous. In the atmosphere, ammonia reacts with
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Lerner S (2010). "Sacrifice Zones: The Front Lines of Toxic Chemical Exposure in the United States".
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15524:
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8025:"Cracking down on methane 'ultra emitters' is a quick way to combat climate change, researchers find"
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your usual outdoor activities unless you experience symptoms such as coughing and throat irritation.
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concentrations were shown to be associated with slower response times and reduced accuracy in tests.
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4128:
3992:(ROS) which can result in inflammation and cell death. More long-term exposure to PAHs can result in
3373:
2834:
2552:(VOCs) on warmer days. These VOCs react with primary anthropogenic pollutants – specifically, NO
1977:
1720:
810:
775:
735:
388:
355:
205:
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18685:
18659:
16514:
14294:
Conforti A, Mascia M, Cioffi G, De Angelis C, Coppola G, De Rosa P, et al. (30 December 2018).
13660:
8051:
Lauvaux T, Giron C, Mazzolini M, d'Aspremont A, Duren R, Cusworth D, et al. (4 February 2022).
7841:
7658:
6979:"Loss of life expectancy from air pollution compared to other risk factors: a worldwide perspective"
3635:
from all sources." From 1999 to 2020, a total of 460,000 deaths in the US were attributed to coal PM
2640:
which are unintentionally created by combustion of organics, like open burning of plastics, and are
24330:
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17773:
10005:"The Effect of Changing Background Emissions on External Cost Estimates for Secondary Particulates"
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8218:
7244:
6139:
5177:
5158:, and monitoring stations. Some websites attempt to map air pollution levels using available data.
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levels are linked to more self-reported depressive symptoms, and increases in daily suicide rates.
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1852:
805:
425:
360:
297:
14477:"Endocrine-Disrupting Air Pollutants and Their Effects on the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis"
14104:
Raaschou-Nielsen O, Andersen ZJ, Hvidberg M, Jensen SS, Ketzel M, Sorensen M, et al. (2011).
14045:
Raaschou-Nielsen O, Andersen ZJ, Hvidberg M, Jensen SS, Ketzel M, Sorensen M, et al. (2011).
12854:
Strak M, Weinmayr G, Rodopoulou S, Chen J, Hoogh Kd, Andersen ZJ, et al. (2 September 2021).
10721:
8877:"NASA GISS: NASA News & Feature Releases:Road Transportation Emerges as Key Driver of Warming"
4881:
4070:
and motility in this study group compared to a control group with limited air pollution exposure.
3305:
3066:(VOC): VOCs are both indoor and outdoor air pollutants. They are categorized as either methane (CH
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20861:
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19942:
16197:
15339:
13522:"Long-term exposure to air pollution and asthma hospitalisations in older adults: a cohort study"
13049:
Mayor S (12 June 2016). "Air pollution is a leading risk factor for stroke, global study shows".
12808:
11838:
Baccarelli AA, Hales N, Burnett RT, Jerrett M, Mix C, Dockery DW, et al. (1 November 2016).
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10962:
10925:
10578:
9120:
6195:
6118:
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led 2017 study (however, this should imply ground level benefits to urban air pollution as well).
4528:
3989:
3743:
3642:
3416:
3226:
2863:
1710:
835:
790:
410:
67:
17419:
Burns J, Boogaard H, Polus S, Pfadenhauer LM, Rohwer AC, van-Erp AM, et al. (20 May 2019).
16698:"Improved air quality leads to enhanced vegetation growth during the COVID–19 lockdown in India"
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9199:
8901:
8511:
7815:
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21054:
20444:
19831:
19280:
Vohra K, Marais EA, Bloss WJ, Schwartz J, Mickley LJ, Van Damme M, et al. (8 April 2022).
17254:(1998). "Trade-off Modeling for Product and Manufacturing Process Design for the Environment".
14226:
Blum MF, Surapaneni A, Stewart JD, Liao D, Yanosky JD, Whitsel EA, et al. (6 March 2020).
13655:
13181:
Andersen ZJ, Kristiansen LC, Andersen KK, Olsen TS, Hvidberg M, Jensen SS, et al. (2011).
12566:
12434:
11145:
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5444:
or reschedule strenuous activities outdoors. Children and the elderly should also take it easy.
5146:
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4691:
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4341:
Researchers found that early exposure to air pollution causes the same changes in the brain as
4324:
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4082:
3946:
3909:
3456:
3254:
This video provides an overview of a NASA study on the human fingerprint on global air quality.
3011:, nuclear events, war explosives, and natural processes such as the radioactive decay of radon.
3004:
2934:, are expelled from high temperature combustion, and are also produced during thunderstorms by
2000:
1579:
973:
460:
19912:
The Mortality Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution in the United Kingdom
18745:
17163:
15034:
Perera FP, Chang Hw, Tang D, Roen EL, Herbstman J, Margolis A, et al. (5 November 2014).
13183:"Stroke and Long-Term Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution From Nitrogen Dioxide: A Cohort Study"
11656:"Effects of fossil fuel and total anthropogenic emission removal on public health and climate"
11603:
10452:
10375:
9115:
7100:"Effects of fossil fuel and total anthropogenic emission removal on public health and climate"
4773:
Ship propulsion and idling can be switched to much cleaner fuels like natural gas. (Ideally a
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19663:
The politics of air pollution: Urban growth, ecological modernization, and symbolic inclusion
17421:"Interventions to Reduce Ambient Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Their Effect on Health"
17046:
14985:"Prenatal Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Exposure and Child Behavior at Age 6–7 Years"
13297:
12367:
11895:
11522:
Majumder N, Kodali V, Velayutham M, Goldsmith T, Amedro J, Khramtsov VV, et al. (2022).
10606:"A review of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their human health effects"
8236:
Hawkes N (22 May 2015). "Air pollution in UK: the public health problem that won't go away".
8134:
6781:
Majumder N, Kodali V, Velayutham M, Goldsmith T, Amedro J, Khramtsov VV, et al. (2022).
6073:
5979:
5892:
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4018:
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2707:
2008:
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260:
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When Smoke Ran Like Water: Tales of Environmental Deception and the Battle Against Pollution
16915:
16840:
16114:
Allen JL, Liu X, Pelkowski S, Palmer B, Conrad K, Oberdörster G, et al. (5 June 2014).
12361:
Nansai K, Tohno S, Chatani S, Kanemoto K, Kagawa S, Kondo Y, et al. (2 November 2021).
11393:"Long-Term Exposure to Low Levels of Air Pollution Increases Risk of Heart and Lung Disease"
11044:"Most of the World Breathes Unsafe Air, Taking More Than 2 Years Off Global Life Expectancy"
10747:
10280:
7303:, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at University of Washington – Seattle (2016).
6437:
Allen JL, Klocke C, Morris-Schaffer K, Conrad K, Sobolewski M, Cory-Slechta DA (June 2017).
1914:. Anthropogenic ozone causes around 470,000 premature deaths a year and fine particulate (PM
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19830: ... There's ... evidence linking air pollution exposure to an increased risk of
19702:
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16515:"Air quality trends in rural India: analysis of NO2 pollution using satellite measurements"
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A study of 163,197 Taiwanese residents over the period of 2001–2016 estimated that every 5
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2004:
Demolition of the cooling towers of a power station, Athlone, Cape Town, South Africa, 2010
1692:
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485:
218:
18815:"Air quality: Commission sends final warning to UK over levels of fine particle pollution"
17645:
17573:"Improvements in SO2 pollution in India: role of technology and environmental regulations"
15515:
Malley CS, Kuylenstierna JC, Vallack HW, Henze DK, Blencowe H, Ashmore MR (1 April 2017).
15156:"In utero exposure to near-roadway air pollution and autism spectrum disorder in children"
10807:
7098:
Lelieveld J, Klingmüller K, Pozzer A, Burnett RT, Haines A, Ramanathan V (25 March 2019).
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placed near a busy road were shown to absorb toxic emission from around 20 cars each day.
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8:
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17816:
Lyons TJ, Kenworthy JR, Newman PW (1 January 1990). "Urban structure and air pollution".
16769:
Kuttippurath J, Singh A, Dash SP, Mallic N, Clerbaux C, Van Damme M, et al. (2020).
12981:
de Bont J, Jaganathan S, Dahlquist M, Persson Å, Stafoggia M, Ljungman P (8 March 2022).
12560:
Lucking AJ, Lundback M, Mills NL, Faratian D, Barath SL, Pourazar J, et al. (2008).
12205:
12132:
11654:
Lelieveld J, Klingmüller K, Pozzer A, Burnett RT, Haines A, Ramanathan V (9 April 2019).
10815:
10135:
10066:
9890:"Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (reference manual)"
9594:
9141:
8029:
7214:"9 out of 10 people worldwide breathe polluted air, but more countries are taking action"
6325:
5672:
5585:
5014:
4976:
4869:
4810:
4740:
4615:
4266:. The United States had an estimated 50,000 preterm births associated with exposure to PM
3798:
3389:
3075:
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2180:
2016:
1829:
1809:
1687:
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820:
765:
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656:
583:
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170:
39:
19706:
19629:
Economic Growth versus the Environment: The Politics of Wealth, Health and Air Pollution
19347:
Michelozzi P, Forastiere F, Fusco D, Perucci CA, Ostro B, Ancona C, et al. (1998).
19299:
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Pieters N, Koppen G, Van Poppel M, De Prins S, Cox B, Dons E, et al. (March 2015).
14777:
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Andersen ZJ, Bonnelykke K, Hvidberg M, Jensen SS, Ketzel M, Loft S, et al. (2011).
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Cohen AJ, Brauer M, Burnett R, Anderson HR, Frostad J, Estep K, et al. (May 2017).
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12087:
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11671:
11429:
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10923:
Dons E (2011). "Impact of time-activity patterns on personal exposure to black carbon".
10623:
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9550:
9449:
9352:
9315:
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9076:
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8749:"Vehicle emission and atmospheric pollution in China: problems, progress, and prospects"
8673:
8552:"Health crisis: Up to a billion tons of waste potentially burned in the open every year"
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Newbury JB, Stewart R, Fisher HL, Beevers S, Dajnak D, Broadbent M, et al. (2021).
6456:
3754:. Other mechanisms such as autonomic nervous system imbalance have also been suggested.
3411:(shortness of breath) and are at an increased risk regarding several different types of
3346:(H-CHO) gas. Paint and solvents give off volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as they dry.
30:"Bad air quality" and "Air quality" redirect here. For the obsolete medical theory, see
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Volk HE, Perera F, Braun JM, Kingsley SL, Gray K, Buckley J, et al. (1 May 2021).
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Perera FP, Tang D, Wang S, Vishnevetsky J, Zhang B, Diaz D, et al. (1 June 2012).
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Henneman L, Choirat C, Dedoussi I, Dominici F, Roberts J, Zigler C (24 November 2023).
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10217:"How much of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions are associated with electricity generation?"
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Bherwani H, Nair M, Musugu K, Gautam S, Gupta A, Kapley A, et al. (10 June 2020).
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7363:
7334:"Making Case for Clean Air, World Bank Says Pollution Cost Global Economy $ 5 Trillion"
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7167:
Silva RA, West JJ, Zhang Y, Anenberg SC, Lamarque JF, Shindell DT, et al. (2013).
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is positively associated with mortality from coronary heart diseases and exposure to SO
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19758:. ... Most of these fine particles are a by-product of ... burning ...
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Kopparapu R, Arney G, Haqq-Misra J, Lustig-Yaeger J, Villanueva G (22 February 2021).
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6695:
6439:"Cognitive Effects of Air Pollution Exposures and Potential Mechanistic Underpinnings"
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16771:"Record high levels of atmospheric ammonia over India: Spatial and temporal analyses"
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Hong C, Mueller ND, Burney JA, Zhang Y, AghaKouchak A, Moore FC, et al. (2020).
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6956:
6911:"Health impacts of air pollution exposure from 1990 to 2019 in 43 European countries"
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Flanagan E, Malmqvist E, Rittner R, Gustafsson P, Källén K, Oudin A (8 March 2023).
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14915:
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13754:
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11993:
11623:"Air Pollution Accounts for 1 in 8 Deaths Worldwide, According to New WHO Estimates"
11412:
Vohra K, Vodonos A, Schwartz J, Marais EA, Sulprizio MP, Mickley LJ (1 April 2021).
11329:
10019:
9157:
8978:
8267:
7153:
6678:
Lee KK, Bing R, Kiang J, Bashir S, Spath N, Stelzle D, et al. (November 2020).
6363:
The Impact of Air Pollution on Health, Economy, Environment and Agricultural Sources
4470:
and ozone concentrations) would produce $ 29 million in annual savings in the lower
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organic carbon compounds – to produce a seasonal haze of secondary pollutants.
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14536:"The effects of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) on mammalian ovarian function"
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Hill W, Lim EL, Weeden CE, Lee C, Augustine M, Chen K, et al. (5 April 2023).
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8406:
8360:"China Shuts Down Tens Of Thousands Of Factories In Widespread Pollution Crackdown"
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4007:
3904:/m decrease (from an approximate peak of 30μg/m) in the ambient concentration of PM
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290:
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71:
19644:
Currie, Donya. "WHO: Air Pollution a Continuing Health Threat in World's Cities",
19440:
18506:
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Carter SA, Rahman MM, Lin JC, Shu YH, Chow T, Yu X, et al. (1 January 2022).
14228:"Particulate Matter and Albuminuria, Glomerular Filtration Rate, and Incident CKD"
14159:
13685:
13538:
13521:
12095:
10689:
Read "Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution" at NAP.edu
9710:
Manisalidis I, Stavropoulou E, Stavropoulos A, Bezirtzoglou E (20 February 2020).
9116:"Effects of forest fire ash on germination and early growth of four pinus species"
8723:"Microplastics in our air 'spiral the globe' in a cycle of pollution, study finds"
6231:
4422:
Share of the population exposed to air pollution levels above WHO guidelines, 2017
3848:
Around 300,000 lung cancer deaths were attributed globally in 2019 to exposure to
1738:
24217:
24183:
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19799:
17861:"'False choice': is deep-sea mining required for an electric vehicle revolution?"
17336:
17307:
Jacobson MZ, von Krauland AK, Coughlin SJ, Palmer FC, Smith MM (1 January 2022).
16922:
16721:
15995:
15866:
15652:"Association between air pollution and low birth weight: a community-based study"
15546:
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14437:
14227:
13788:
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13498:
13311:
13292:
13250:
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13182:
12455:
11437:
11305:
11190:
10631:
10513:
10399:"Industrial Air Emission Pollution: Potential Sources and Sustainable Mitigation"
10198:
9950:
9269:
9008:
George Neary D, McMichael Leonard J (8 April 2020), Missiakô Kindomihou V (ed.),
8854:
7516:
6977:
Lelieveld J, Pozzer A, Pöschl U, Fnais M, Haines A, Münzel T (1 September 2020).
6831:
6648:
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2807:: Emitted mainly by agricultural waste. Ammonia is a compound with the formula NH
2723:
2698:
2664:
2528:
2330:
1945:
1934:
1825:
1793:
1660:
1435:
1138:
748:
708:
578:
543:
475:
415:
343:
280:
180:
21723:
16596:"Impacts of ozone and climate change on yields of perennial crops in California"
16320:
Allen JG, MacNaughton P, Satish U, Santanam S, Vallarino J, Spengler JD (2015).
14559:
13978:
12154:
11352:
10745:
10490:
9658:
9084:
7551:
Regulating Air Quality: The First Global Assessment of Air Pollution Legislation
6566:
Ghosh R, Causey K, Burkart K, Wozniak S, Cohen A, Brauer M (28 September 2021).
6205:
5886:
5534:
The AQHI does not measure the effects of odour, pollen, dust, heat or humidity.
24258:
24205:
24115:
24034:
24019:
24014:
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19173:
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17596:
17014:
16977:
16658:
16406:
16066:
15402:"Air pollution and preterm birth: a recommendation for further study in Greece"
15244:
13920:
13453:
13416:
12753:
12749:
12580:
12561:
12388:
11571:
9771:
9709:
9404:"California's Farms Are an Even Larger Source of Air Pollution Than We Thought"
8156:
7865:
7475:
7410:
7313:
7105:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
6934:
6258:
6160:
6123:
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5934:
5780:
5684:
5520:
5420:
or rescheduling strenuous activities outdoors if you are experiencing symptoms.
5049:
5037:
4935:
4814:
4727:
There are now practical alternatives to the principal causes of air pollution:
4723:
that do not cause air pollution may be a critical key alternative to pollution.
4664:
4648:
4274:
4124:
4000:
3774:
3684:
3620:
3591:
3207:
3071:
2946:
downwind of cities. Nitrogen dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula NO
2923:
2887:
2846:
2822:
2480:
from natural sources, usually large areas of land with little or no vegetation.
2251:
2230:
2184:
2168:
2157:
2040:
1840:). Air pollution can be caused by both human activities and natural phenomena.
1821:
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870:
770:
725:
718:
713:
470:
165:
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19043:
19030:
Roman M (2010). "Governing from the middle: the C40 Cities Leadership Group".
19007:
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18269:
18204:
17389:
16611:
15793:
15284:
Ritz B, Liew Z, Yan Q, Cuia X, Virk J, Ketzel M, et al. (December 2018).
14845:
14786:
14620:
14312:
13727:
12618:
11370:
11191:"Bucknell tent death: Hannah Thomas-Jones died from carbon monoxide poisoning"
10285:
Gas Disaster: Impacts and The Displacement and Return of Affected Communities"
10037:
8327:
8300:
6464:
4435:
recipients who are exposed to more air pollution have higher mortality rates.
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Don't Breathe the Air: Air Pollution and US Environmental Politics, 1945–1970
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17547:"The Importance of Development Plans/Land Use Policy for Development Control"
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Munsif R, Zubair M, Aziz A, Nadeem Zafar M (7 January 2021), Viskup R (ed.),
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List of most polluted cities in the world by particulate matter concentration
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5588:(EC) threatened the UK with legal action against the successive breaching of
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Efforts to reduce particulate matter in the air may result in better health.
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31:
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10579:"Infant Inhalation Of Ultra-fine Air Pollution Linked To Adult Lung Disease"
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6752:
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Tarps and netting are often used to reduce the amount of dust released from
82:
47:
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16092:
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Shang L, Yang L, Yang W, Huang L, Qi C, Yang Z, et al. (1 July 2020).
16021:
15954:
15892:
15826:
15801:
15752:
15717:"A Cohort Study of Traffic-Related Air Pollution Impacts on Birth Outcomes"
15715:
Brauer M, Lencar C, Tamburic L, Koehoorn M, Demers P, Karr C (1 May 2008).
15563:
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11707:
11557:
11453:
11343:
Dovjak M, Kukec A (2019). "Health Outcomes Related to Built Environments".
11321:
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11021:
10992:
10647:
10155:
Pollution and Global Warming: When does carbon dioxide become a pollutant?"
9982:
9757:
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zone, which is claimed to have led to an increase in air pollution levels.
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In Canada, air pollution and associated health risks are measured with the
5059:
5024:
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4927:
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and that it may contribute to Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
4236:
4208:
4029:
which are tiny particles of 2.5 microns in width or smaller, compared with
3603:-related deaths and air pollution from motor vehicle emissions in England.
3498:
3404:
3395:
Though its use has now been banned in many countries, the extensive use of
3343:
3273:
3171:
3014:
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connected to airborne fine particles are linked to cardiopulmonary disease.
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1922:
1813:
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918:
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865:
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661:
606:
325:
185:
19392:
18798:
18767:"PRESS RELEASE No 58/08 Judgment of the Court of Justice in Case C-237/07"
18370:
18343:
18244:"Drive-by Air Pollution Sensing Systems: Challenges and Future Directions"
17523:
17159:
16978:"Nitrogen Dioxide Pollution as a Signature of Extraterrestrial Technology"
16473:
15693:
13506:
11112:
10687:
10550:
10498:
10368:"What is Particulate Matter? | Urban Environmental Program in New England"
6994:
4571:
emissions during its three-month implementation from June to August 2022.
4140:
association between O3 and IVF live birth rate was no longer significant.
2031:
24120:
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19884:
19791:
19767:
19366:
17189:
15667:
15580:
Finance in Africa - Navigating the financial landscape in turbulent times
14493:
14243:
13811:
13770:"Urban air pollution and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease: a review"
13320:
13159:
12264:
10551:"Newly detected air pollutant mimics damaging effects of cigarette smoke"
9505:
8681:
8577:
6522:
5859:
Tehran was declared the most polluted city in the world on May 24, 2022.
4922:
4695:
improvement is a near-term benefit among the many societal benefits from
4656:
4643:
4639:
4602:
4550:
designing sustainable manufacturing processes (and the products' designs)
4539:, in late October 1948, when 20 people died and over 7,000 were injured.
4374:
4354:
4067:
3950:
3949:
treatment. In the general population, there is a significant increase in
3917:
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exhibited more severe respiratory symptoms (including cough, phlegm, and
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3377:
2517:
2394:
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1371:
1317:
1273:
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1210:
840:
538:
518:
155:
52:
21628:
21230:
19551:
The Big Smoke: A History of Air Pollution in London Since Medieval Times
19374:
18586:
18277:
16339:
16131:
15462:
15122:
15002:
14951:
14918:
Inheriting the World: The Atlas of Children's Health and the Environment
14711:
14106:"Air pollution from traffic and cancer incidence: a Danish cohort study"
14064:
13812:"Education Data, Visualizations & Graphics on Air Quality and PM2.5"
13361:
9498:"Education Data, Visualizations & Graphics on particulate pollution"
9360:
6626:
4849:
3631:
was associated with 2.1 times greater mortality risk than exposure to PM
3513:
Estimates of the death toll from air pollution vary across publications.
2023:
1921:
The World Bank has estimated that welfare losses (premature deaths) and
1851:
globally. Many of the contributors of air pollution are also sources of
24227:
24044:
24002:
23944:
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23552:
23484:
23422:
23395:
23358:
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22490:
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21283:
21110:
20727:
20042:
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20018:
20003:
19691:"Nanoparticle emissions from 11 non-vehicle exhaust sources – A review"
19467:"En Afrique de l'Ouest, une pollution mortelle mais d'ampleur inconnue"
17718:
17215:
16530:
14296:"Air pollution and female fertility: a systematic review of literature"
13838:"Cancer is not just 'bad luck' but down to environment, study suggests"
13646:
13114:
12998:
12057:
11754:"Pollution killing 9 million people a year, Africa hardest hit - study"
9978:"Ammonia from farms behind 60% of UK particulate air pollution – study"
9432:"Reducing food's environmental impacts through producers and consumers"
8765:
7610:
7300:
6128:
5984:
5964:
5939:
5131:
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4758:
Areas downwind (over 20 miles) of major airports have more than double
4635:
4521:
4263:
4207:
adipose tissue they can be transferred across the placenta can exert a
4195:
Researchers have found a correlation between air pollution and risk of
3993:
3966:
3793:
3778:
3558:, lung cancer, and lung infections. Children are particularly at risk.
3427:
3400:
3335:
3203:
3021:): particularly sulfur dioxide, a chemical compound with the formula SO
2960:
2910:
2812:
2545:
2539:
2205:
2197:
2104:
2036:
1937:
and most human activity, although they are sometimes recovered through
1640:
1623:
1565:
1513:
1376:
1312:
1307:
1300:
1227:
1222:
1180:
1168:
890:
646:
150:
16041:
on children's neurodevelopment: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
15909:
Costa LG, Cole TB, Dao K, Chang YC, Coburn J, Garrick JM (June 2020).
15734:
14103:
14044:
13222:
Provost E, Madhloum N, Int Panis L, De Boever P, Nawrot T (May 2015).
13062:
12873:
8467:
8410:
8251:
7866:
Manisalidis I, Stavropoulou E, Stavropoulos A, Bezirtzoglou E (2020).
7734:
6259:
Manisalidis I, Stavropoulou E, Stavropoulos A, Bezirtzoglou E (2020).
4780:
Combustion of fossil fuels for space heating can be replaced by using
24110:
23992:
23800:
23795:
23773:
23662:
23655:
23474:
23469:
23376:
23353:
22866:
22685:
22255:
22136:
21873:
21743:
21703:
21698:
21301:
21039:
20991:
20965:
20913:
20747:
20709:
20459:
20449:
20121:
19983:
19958:
19469:[In West Africa, deadly pollution but of unknown magnitude].
19266:
18746:"Summaries of EU legislation – Management and quality of ambient air"
17083:
16975:
16892:
16224:
14829:"Air pollution from natural and anthropic sources and male fertility"
14762:"Does air pollution play a role in infertility?: a systematic review"
14604:"Air pollution from natural and anthropic sources and male fertility"
12129:"Car emissions: taking tests out of the lab and onto the road – News"
11575:
10519:
10174:"Democrats Designed the Climate Law to Be a Game Changer. Here's How"
9683:
8951:
Harper AR, Doerr SH, Santin C, Froyd CA, Sinnadurai P (15 May 2018).
7997:"Climate change: Satellites map huge methane plumes from oil and gas"
7586:
7306:
The Cost of Air Pollution: Strengthening the Economic Case for Action
6004:
5665:
5625:
Global city partnerships can be built into networks, for example the
5029:
5019:
5004:
4442:
over the Southern Ocean around Antarctica is 'unpolluted' by humans.
4369:
that normally surrounds them hadn't fully developed. It appears that
4185:
4052:
3901:
3770:
3600:
3482:
diseases, which develop when a health environment is not maintained.
3366:
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2986:
2896:
2769:
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1895:
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1278:
1239:
1217:
1173:
958:
913:
875:
825:
760:
666:
130:
102:
23216:
18104:
15904:
15902:
15105:"Ambient Air Pollution and Autism in Los Angeles County, California"
14760:
Carré J, Gatimel N, Moreau J, Parinaud J, Léandri R (28 July 2017).
14660:
13868:"Cancer breakthrough is a 'wake-up' call on danger of air pollution"
12641:"Air pollution from G20 consumers caused two million deaths in 2010"
11726:"Air pollution deaths are double previous estimates, finds research"
10106:. Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organization. 2006. p. 12.
10087:
has been recognised as a workplace hazard at high concentrations. CO
8902:"Car Emissions & Global Warming | Union of Concerned Scientists"
8050:
6620:
5771:
Nitrogen dioxide concentrations as measured from satellite 2002–2004
5476:
should also avoid outdoor physical exertion and should stay indoors.
5172:
Numerical models either on a global scale using tools such as GCMs (
4512:
The world's worst short-term civilian pollution crisis was the 1984
4081:, appears to have an effect on conception rates in women undergoing
3438:
and mold, and houseplants, soil and surrounding gardens can produce
24237:
23805:
23731:
23672:
23667:
23615:
23525:
23496:
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23479:
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23384:
23380:
23372:
22732:
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22089:
20684:
20628:
20289:
20138:
20106:
19856:
Inventing Pollution: Coal, Smoke, and Culture in Britain since 1800
19835:
19807:
19763:
19471:
19167:
Morello-Frosch R, Zuk M, Jerrett M, Shamasunder B, Kyle AD (2011).
19166:
18986:
International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics
18935:
18344:"NOx Emission Reduction and Recovery during COVID-19 in East China"
18118:
17670:
17650:
16996:
16900:
16378:
16234:
15838:
15103:
Becerra TA, Wilhelm M, Olsen J, Cockburn M, Ritz B (1 March 2013).
15040:
13342:
Louwies T, Int Panis L, Kicinski M, De Boever P, Nawrot TS (2013).
13228:
11857:
11782:"More than 90% of the world's children breathe toxic air every day"
11195:
9231:"Open waste burning prevention | Climate & Clean Air Coalition"
8298:
8073:
8001:
6113:
6014:
5999:
5744:
5469:
5045:
4896:
4739:(as well as with remote work, reductions of work, relocations, and
4652:
4488:
levels increases the likelihood of an accident by as much as 25%".
4387:
3396:
3381:
2858:(which is designed to improve air quality) is deemed to regulate CO
2765:
2583:
2508:. Radon is a colorless, odorless, naturally occurring, radioactive
2188:
1929:$ 5 trillion per year. The costs of air pollution are generally an
1903:
1430:
330:
19416:"World's Most Polluted Cities in 2020 - PM2.5 Ranking | AirVisual"
18867:"Britain fends off threat of £300m fine over London air pollution"
18458:"New monitoring technologies can help cities combat air pollution"
17306:
15218:
12976:
12974:
11347:. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. pp. 43–82.
10697:
10449:"Evidence growing of air pollution's link to heart disease, death"
7684:"The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer"
6370:
4715:
4323:
Data is accumulating that air pollution exposure also affects the
4168:
Prenatal exposure to polluted air has been linked to a variety of
4088:
3762:
Research has demonstrated increased risk of developing asthma and
2800:
Pollutants emitted into the atmosphere by human activity include:
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AQI to Concentration and Concentration to AQI for five pollutants
19775:
16917:"Pollution on other planets could help us find aliens, Nasa says"
15899:
14411:
14359:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
13341:
13221:
12980:
11758:
11653:
11521:
11094:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
11017:"WHO slashes guideline limits on air pollution from fossil fuels"
10515:
Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Environment: Origin and Role
10044:. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 30 October 2019
10042:
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
8953:"Prescribed fire and its impacts on ecosystem services in the UK"
7924:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
7097:
6863:
6780:
6009:
5763:
List of least polluted cities by particulate matter concentration
5542:
5473:
4837:
4116:
and ozone pollutants were linked with reduced rates of live birth
4077:
and early miscarriage. Exposure to smaller particulate matter, PM
3703:
without external support or internationally coordinated efforts.
3408:
3362:
3339:
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To display all pages, subcategories and images click on the "►":
2909:(CO): CO is a colorless, odorless, toxic gas. It is a product of
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The Hare and the Tortoise: Clean Air Policy in the US and Sweden
19346:
18561:
18021:"Energy and sustainable development in Nigeria: the way forward"
14602:
Jurewicz J, Dziewirska E, Radwan M, Hanke W (23 December 2018).
13519:
13180:
10778:
Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis and Torrefaction (Third Edition)
9173:"Wall Paint, Perfumes and Cleaning Agents Are Polluting Our Air"
8747:
Wang J, Wu Q, Liu J, Yang H, Yin M, Chen S, et al. (2019).
6859:
6857:
6855:
6853:
6436:
6357:
Dimitriou A, Christidou V (26 September 2011), Khallaf M (ed.),
5914:
5206:
4055:(DNA that has not fully developed or has developed abnormally).
3501:
and ozone could result in significantly greater health affects.
2548:, in some regions, emits environmentally significant amounts of
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21049:
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19846:
Environmental Politics in Japan, Germany, and the United States
19823:
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19212:"Racial and Socioeocnomic Disparities in Residential Proximity"
19105:"Global Toll of Air Pollution: Over 3 Million Deaths Each Year"
17889:"Nickel mining: the hidden environmental cost of electric cars"
16895:(Report). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
16884:
15514:
14931:
14534:
Perono GA, Petrik JJ, Thomas PJ, Holloway AC (1 January 2022).
13143:
12971:
12562:"Diesel exhaust inhalation increases thrombus formation in man"
12301:"Mortality risk from United States coal electricity generation"
12298:
11254:"Air pollution linked to 'huge' rise in child asthma GP visits"
11219:"Chapter 6.2. Asbestos. Air quality guidelines, Second edition"
8440:
Huo H, Zhang Q, Guan D, Su X, Zhao H, He K (16 December 2014).
6078:
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Phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles § Cities and territories
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emissions. That issue was resolved in the United States by the
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European Commission > Environment > Air > Air Quality
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16229:. Working Paper Series. National Bureau of Economic Research.
16173:"Air pollution link discovered to autism, schizophrenia risks"
14898:
Air pollution and child health: prescribing clean air. Summary
14293:
13630:
Holland WW, Reid DD. "The urban factor in chronic bronchitis"
13291:
Brook R, Rajagopalan S, Pope CI, Brook J, Bhatnagar A (2010).
12356:
12354:
7554:. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme. 2021.
6909:
Juginović A, Vuković M, Aranza I, Biloš V (18 November 2021).
6561:
6559:
6324:(2016). "The Environment and Environmentalism". In Daniels P,
5703:
4466:
A small improvement in air quality (1% reduction of ambient PM
3916:
patients, higher PM 2.5 exposure is associated with increased
2953:
Odors: Such as from garbage, sewage, and industrial processes.
2535:. During periods of active wildfires, smoke from uncontrolled
2171:
in forests like the Amazon cause large air pollution with the
86:
Deaths from air pollution per 100,000 inhabitants (IHME, 2019)
23987:
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23753:
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19914:, UK Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollution, 2010.
19803:
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18342:
Zhang R, Zhang Y, Lin H, Feng X, Fu TM, Wang Y (April 2020).
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11138:
9712:"Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review"
9336:
9007:
7868:"Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review"
6850:
6412:"7 million premature deaths annually linked to air pollution"
6261:"Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review"
6185:
5900:
5683:, and other health problems. Fine particulate matter such as
5671:
trucks) of pollution. Emissions from these sources can cause
5508:
5211:
5100:
4601:
has been researched for its ability to reduce air pollution.
4023:
3849:
3817:
3769:
COPD comprises a spectrum of clinical disorders that include
3392:, or other dry cleaning fluids, for days after dry cleaning.
3331:
2637:
2542:
can make up almost 75% of all air pollution by concentration.
2497:
1989:
1601:
1538:
1200:
1193:
978:
923:
315:
19927:
19917:
19794:
and spread throughout the body. They can travel through the
18833:
17570:
17213:
Landrigan P (25 November 2016). "Air pollution and health".
15773:
15714:
15335:"Prenatal environmental exposures, epigenetics, and disease"
13437:
12602:
12559:
12032:"Lancet study: Pollution killed 2.3 million Indians in 2019"
10396:
4176:(PAH) was associated with reduced IQ scores and symptoms of
4051:
led to an increase in the percentage of cells with immature
3871:
is also associated with an increased risk of mortality from
2845:
or set recommended targets for it. Because of its role as a
2702:
Schematic drawing, causes and effects of air pollution: (1)
23932:
23788:
23783:
23763:
23637:
23588:
23432:
22987:
Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety
22793:
21305:
21034:
20155:
20143:
20059:
19795:
19783:
19778: ... These particles can get past the defenses of our
19771:
19759:
19498:
18587:"Live Animated Air Quality Map (AQI, PM2.5...) | AirVisual"
17771:
Landrigan PJ (1 January 2017). "Air pollution and health".
17499:
17365:
17122:
16950:"Can Alien Smog Lead Us to Extraterrestrial Civilizations?"
16768:
16198:"New evidence links air pollution to autism, schizophrenia"
15102:
12853:
12351:
10836:
8654:
Ryan RG, Marais EA, Balhatchet CJ, Eastham SD (June 2022).
8653:
7071:"Study Links 6.5 Million Deaths Each Year to Air Pollution"
6908:
6556:
6503:
6134:
5994:
5775:
Air pollution is usually concentrated in densely populated
5589:
4800:
themselves, ranking as 13th worst pollutant in Los Angeles.
4767:
4386:
Exposure to fine particulate matter can increase levels of
4066:
and nitrogen oxides. There were significant differences in
4030:
3802:
3351:
3347:
3099:
3053:
2939:
2841:
as a climate pollutant, it does not include the gas in its
2613:
2477:
2442:
2426:
2314:
2282:
1949:
1618:
1518:
1501:
1479:
1405:
953:
200:
195:
160:
19688:
18842:"Environmental Audit Committee – Fifth Report Air Quality"
17916:"Los Angeles Airport Pollutes City Air For Miles Downwind"
16867:"Air pollution linked to "huge" reduction in intelligence"
16570:"Scientists say they have found the cleanest air on Earth"
14982:
14759:
14533:
13486:
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
13441:
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
13404:
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
12912:
12606:
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
12427:
12360:
11411:
11135:
10511:
9834:"EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook—2009"
9258:
Nuclear Proliferation and Terrorism in the Post-9/11 World
8498:"EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019"
7390:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
7295:
7293:
7291:
6976:
6902:
4807:
pollution declined, as did acute pediatric asthma attacks.
4675:
since 2000, to help eliminate the city's "pea-soup" smog.
4273:
A study between 1988 and 1991 found a correlation between
4219:
Ambient levels of air pollution have been associated with
3912:
development. According to a cohort study involving 10,997
23891:
23535:
19571:(1995). "1: History of air pollution". In Singh H (ed.).
19123:"Watch air pollution flow across the planet in real time"
18562:"World Air Map: Live air quality everywhere in the world"
18105:"Congestion Pricing, Air Pollution and Children's Health"
17472:"Germany's €9 train tickets scheme 'saved 1.8m tons of CO
14225:
13842:
13400:
13290:
13284:
12860:
12237:
Mailloux NA, Abel DW, Holloway T, Patz JA (16 May 2022).
12158:
11779:
9256:
Hafemeister D (2016), "Biological and Chemical Weapons",
9177:
8238:
8054:"Global assessment of oil and gas methane ultra-emitters"
7632:"Progress Cleaning the Air and Improving People's Health"
7385:
6565:
6415:
5488:
The measurement is based on the observed relationship of
4798:
rubber tires produce significant amounts of air pollution
4552:
and related legal regulations as well as efforts towards
4349:
in mice. It also showed that air pollution also affected
4039:
A study in California found that increased exposure to PM
3678:
3564:
The global mean loss of life expectancy (LLE; similar to
3309:
The share of total deaths from indoor air pollution, 2017
2587:
2175:. Controlled or prescribed burning is a practice used in
1801:
1613:
19279:
19142:
16695:
16456:"Air Pollution and Mortality in the Medicare Population"
16264:"Suicide rates rise as air quality worsens, study finds"
15400:
Papamitsou T, Sirak S, Kavvadas D (January–March 2020).
14901:. Geneva: World Health Organisation. 2018. pp. 2–6.
14828:
14352:
12294:
12292:
12236:
9010:"Effects of Fire on Grassland Soils and Water: A Review"
8797:
7447:
6735:
Stanek LW, Brown JS, Stanek J, Gift J, Costa DL (2011).
4036:
which are classified as 10 microns in diameter or less.
3357:
Intentional air pollution is introduced with the use of
2882:
increase in Earth's atmosphere has been accelerating. CO
2116:
furnaces and other types of fuel-burning heating devices
19209:
19162:
19160:
18931:"Threat to sue over London congestion charge scrapping"
18840:
House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee (2010).
18686:"Environment Canada – AQHI categories and explanations"
18616:"European Commission - Environment - Air - Air quality"
18182:
17123:
Meselson M, Guillemin J, Hugh-Jones M (November 1994).
17047:"20th anniversary of world's worst industrial disaster"
16893:
Heads Up: Does Air Pollution Cause Workplace Accidents?
16113:
15967:
15399:
13091:
12906:
11719:
11717:
11564:
9526:
7288:
6099:
Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database
5189:
2265:(air pollution) of different foods per 100g of protein
19487:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
19210:
Mohai P, Lantz P, Morenoff J, House J, Mero R (2009).
18083:
Sciencenetlinks.com Science Updates – Science NetLinks
16593:
14232:
Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
13962:
13085:
12525:
12206:"Study links traffic pollution to thousands of deaths"
12123:
12121:
11604:"Data review: how many people die from air pollution?"
11113:"Indoor air pollution, health and economic well-being"
11106:
11104:
10774:"Chapter 10 - Cleaning of Product Gas of Gasification"
10746:
Arkansas Energy Department of Energy and Environment.
10604:
Kim KH, Jahan SA, Kabir E, Brown RJ (1 October 2013).
9684:
Environment and Climate Change Canada (14 June 2010).
8950:
8635:. US Environmental Protection Agency. 15 December 2021
7515:
Boubel R, Vallero D, Fox D, Turner B, Stern A (2013).
7514:
7166:
6972:
6970:
6201:
Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act
4719:
Support, use and infrastructure-expansion of forms of
4678:
A very effective means to reduce air pollution is the
4671:. For example, buses in New Delhi, India, have run on
3698:
by the contemporary free trade and consumption by the
3202:
was installed, the emissions from this power plant in
3106:
is largely produced by chemical reactions involving NO
2227:
and open burning of waste releases harmful substances.
1925:
losses (lost labour) caused by air pollution cost the
19876:
Guide by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC)
19573:
Composition, chemistry, and climate of the atmosphere
18424:"Analysis: Coronavirus temporarily reduced China's CO
15823:
Air pollution linked to much greater risk of dementia
13579:
12289:
11934:"Beijing's Bad Air Would Be Step Up for Smoggy Delhi"
11580:"What are the safest and cleanest sources of energy?"
6734:
5241:
The AQHI is a federal program jointly coordinated by
3976:
Standard line-angle structure of benzo-a-pyrene (BaP)
2626:
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
2058:
power plants both have smoke stacks (see for example
1995:
19683:
Pollution & Reform in American Cities, 1870–1930
19157:
17815:
17571:
Kuttippurath J, Patel VK, Pathak M, Singh A (2022).
16890:
14914:
14827:
Jurewicz J, Dziewirska E, Radwan M, Hanke W (2018).
11714:
11110:
8927:"NASA's AIRS Maps Carbon Monoxide from Brazil Fires"
8810:. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
8282:"Wood burning heaters and your health - Fact sheets"
5882:
4583:
Burning of items polluting Jamestown environment in
18610:
17646:"'Smog-Eating' Material Breaking into the Big Time"
15774:Bos I, De Boever P, Int Panis L, Meeusen R (2014).
15033:
14353:Canipari R, De Santis L, Cecconi S (January 2020).
12526:Farrow A, Miller KA, Myllyvirta L (February 2020).
12499:
12230:
12181:"Complete Guide To The 'Toxin Tax' For Diesel Cars"
12118:
11628:
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
11498:"Regulatory and Guidance Information by Topic: Air"
11111:Duflo E, Greenstone M, Hanna R (26 November 2008).
11101:
9330:
9058:
7789:"Global Climate Agreements: Successes and Failures"
7327:
7325:
7323:
6967:
6356:
4160:particles can increase blood pressure in children.
3980:
3677:combustion – mostly the production and use of
2899:
can result in a sudden release of huge amount of CO
2878:
are emitted annually by burning of fossil fuels. CO
2601:
AP 42 Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors
19689:Kumar P, Pirjola L, Ketzel M, Harrison RM (2013).
19608:International Journal of Environment and Pollution
19575:. New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1–18.
19349:"Air Pollution and Daily Mortality in Rome, Italy"
17308:
17181:
16512:
16034:
15153:
12669:"EPA proposes nation's strictest smog limits ever"
10662:"Technical Overview of Volatile Organic Compounds"
10603:
10474:
8828:
8052:
7267:"Assessing the risks to health from air pollution"
7240:"Cheap air pollution monitors help plot your walk"
7160:
6677:
4667:), conversion to cleaner fuels, and conversion to
3792:A study conducted in 1960–1961 in the wake of the
3646:Air pollution deaths by nation due to fossil fuels
3033:, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as NO
2237:, and rocketry are examples of military resources.
2167:strategies using controlled burns. Practices like
27:Presence of dangerous substances in the atmosphere
19597:
18341:
17818:Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere
17530:
17493:
17063:
16164:
15908:
13897:"Lung adenocarcinoma promotion by air pollutants"
12746:"Human cost of valley's dirty air: $ 6.3 billion"
10953:
9952:Aerosols: An Industrial and Environmental Science
8605:"Combustion Pollutants in Your Home - Guidelines"
8127:
6829:
2196:There are also sources from processes other than
66:– darker colors indicate lower concentrations of
24317:
18978:
18860:
18858:
17503:Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association
15776:"Physical Activity, Air Pollution and the Brain"
13894:
10199:"Graphic: The relentless rise of carbon dioxide"
7320:
6671:
5548:
2027:Smoking of fish over an open fire in Ghana, 2018
21484:ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution
19734:. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
19441:"World Air Quality Index (AQI) Ranking | IQAir"
18809:
18394:"Airborne Nitrogen Dioxide Plummets Over China"
18159:"Subway air pollution damages passenger health"
17249:
16831:
16222:
15332:
15283:
11660:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
10132:"The Worst Climate Pollution Is Carbon Dioxide"
9538:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
9423:
9059:Husseini R, Aboah DT, Issifu H (1 March 2020).
8633:"Overview of Air Pollution from Transportation"
8578:"Global Review on Safer End of Engineered Life"
6319:
6226:
6224:
6222:
6064:ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution
5708:– realtime map of global wind and air pollution
4231:. Women in regions with greater than average PM
4096:
18739:
18737:
18482:
17987:
17731:
17064:Bell ML, Davis DL, Fletcher T (January 2004).
16864:
16519:Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts
15649:
14925:
14355:"Female Fertility and Environmental Pollution"
8439:
8386:
7575:
7521:(Third ed.). Elsevier. pp. 447–522.
7356:
7354:
5955:Flue-gas emissions from fossil-fuel combustion
5610:In response to these charges, mayor of London
23232:
22060:
21644:
21246:
19943:
18855:
17990:"Sustainable energy for developing countries"
17938:"NASA Confirms Biofuels Reduce Jet Emissions"
14474:
13829:
13044:
13042:
11965:
11780:World Health Organisation (29 October 2018).
11279:
10230:
8746:
8583:Global Review on Safer End of Engineered Life
7979:"Mapping methane emissions on a global scale"
6156:International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies
3965:CO exposure is significantly associated with
2673:United States Environmental Protection Agency
2250:Fertilized farmland may be a major source of
2084:a 2014 study found that in China equipment-,
1761:
1086:
19822:. hey exacerbate respiratory illnesses like
19567:
19545:
18974:
18972:
18956:
18298:
18134:"Impact Of Air Pollution On The Environment"
18096:
17918:. Chemical and Engineering news. 30 May 2014
17691:
17689:
17577:Environmental Science and Pollution Research
16696:Kashyap R, Kuttippurath J, Patel VK (2023).
16639:Environmental Science and Pollution Research
16632:
16046:Environmental Science and Pollution Research
14007:
13958:
13956:
12777:"Pollution saps state's economy, study says"
12502:"Air Pollution: Everything You Need to Know"
11570:
10916:
9921:"Managing Air Quality - Air Pollutant Types"
9429:
8822:
8740:
8544:
7859:
7581:
6219:
5646:development and environmental preservation.
4702:
3999:Exposure to BaP has been reported to reduce
3301:Indoor air pollution in developing countries
34:. For the measurement of air pollution, see
18759:
18734:
15650:Wang X, Ding H, Ryan L, Xu X (1 May 1997).
14481:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
13567:RT: For Decision Makers in Respiratory Care
12069:
11804:
11802:
11342:
10061:
10059:
9804:"United Kingdom's emission factor database"
9255:
8219:"Indoor air pollution and household energy"
8130:"Global air pollution exposure and poverty"
7656:
7351:
6823:
6151:International Agency for Research on Cancer
4542:
2245:emissions from meat production or livestock
1983:
23239:
23225:
23022:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
22067:
22053:
21651:
21637:
21253:
21239:
19950:
19936:
19874:Air Pollution: Everything You Need to Know
19806:. They can form deposits on the lining of
19790: ... From there, they cross into the
18864:
17057:
14001:
13637:
13039:
12805:"Bad air costing state's economy billions"
12666:
12500:Mackenzie J, Turrentine J (22 June 2021).
12070:Feng T, Chen H, Liu J (15 December 2022).
11966:Owusu PA, Sarkodie SA (10 November 2020).
11723:
11345:Creating Healthy and Sustainable Buildings
11251:
11014:
10772:Acharya B (1 January 2018), Basu P (ed.),
10465:// American Heart Association. 10 May 2010
10030:
9975:
9592:Fischetti M (2014). "Trees That Pollute".
9170:
9113:
7508:
7208:
7206:
5176:coupled with a pollution module) or CTMs (
4413:
4092:Ozone structure showing three oxygen atoms
3908:was associated with a 25% reduced risk of
2247:contribute substantially to air pollution
2136:), marine vessels and aircraft as well as
1768:
1754:
1093:
1079:
109:
22982:Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
22972:Center for Disease Control and Prevention
21658:
21260:
19906:Database: outdoor air pollution in cities
19729:
19382:
19323:
19237:
19186:
19146:Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum
19138:
19136:
19006:
18969:
18369:
18241:
18110:National Bureau of Environmental Research
18102:
18046:
17770:
17686:
17612:
17446:
17212:
17125:"The Sverdlovsk anthrax outbreak of 1979"
17091:
17013:
16995:
16737:
16481:
16447:
16422:
16347:
16147:
16082:
16011:
15944:
15882:
15742:
15683:
15545:
15478:
15419:
15376:
15309:
15260:
15195:
15130:
15079:
15061:
15010:
14959:
14854:
14844:
14803:
14785:
14637:
14619:
14575:
14510:
14492:
14388:
14370:
14329:
14311:
14259:
14172:
14141:
14131:
14072:
13953:
13936:
13835:
13787:
13736:
13726:
13698:
13692:
13659:
13643:
13537:
13369:
13310:
13259:
13249:
13198:
13022:
12954:
12889:
12579:
12404:
12334:
12272:
11908:
11865:
11697:
11679:
11547:
10991:
10203:Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet
10148:
10020:"How Carbon Dioxide Became a 'Pollutant'"
9747:
9729:
9591:
9568:
9558:
9457:
9287:
8774:
8764:
8697:
8575:
8326:
8165:
8155:
8072:
7954:
7936:
7893:
7883:
7491:
7194:
7135:
7125:
7010:
6950:
6836:. Academic Press. pp. 43, 122, 215.
6806:
6711:
6603:
6585:
6539:
6521:
6516:(6) (published 19 August 2021): 678–685.
6480:
6406:
6404:
6402:
6400:
6398:
6396:
6296:
6278:
5723:status can be a proxy for other kinds of
5186:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
4312:
4246:A study found that in 2010 exposure to PM
3941:is significantly associated with a lower
3928:
3733:
3627:) and concluded that "exposure to coal PM
2060:environmental impact of the coal industry
19671:Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine
19658:(Texas A & M University Press, 2000)
17732:Krelling C, Badami MG (1 January 2022).
17695:
17469:
16567:
16223:Persico C, Marcotte DE (November 2022).
13335:
13215:
11799:
11620:
10654:
10171:
10129:
10056:
9942:
9301:
8188:
7542:
7331:
7091:
5766:
5253:. From air quality monitoring to health
5205:
4848:
4836:
4714:
4706:
4578:
4417:
4190:attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
4087:
4006:Studies have shown that BaPs can affect
3971:
3827:
3660:
3641:
3508:
3312:
3304:
3225:are air pollution abatement options for
2697:
2650:
2604:
2463:
2030:
2022:
2019:, US, in preparation for spring planting
2007:
1999:
81:
57:
46:
23027:Health departments in the United States
21539:2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
21091:Pollutant release and transfer register
19869:WHO fact sheet on outdoor air pollution
19814:and raising the likelihood of ...
19668:
19354:Occupational and Environmental Medicine
18950:
18486:International Journal of Remote Sensing
18185:Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
18131:
18018:
17858:
17666:"Nanotechnology to gobble up pollution"
17426:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
17044:
16891:Lavy V, Rachkovski G, Yoresh O (2022).
14289:
14287:
14285:
14283:
14281:
14279:
14166:
12774:
12743:
11282:"Human health effects of air pollution"
11173:"The Hidden Air Pollution in Our Homes"
11170:
10895:
10771:
10726:Amazing World of Science With Mr. Green
10017:
8526:"GovHK: Green Tips for Home Renovation"
7203:
6254:
6252:
5161:
5116:Continuous emissions monitoring systems
4507:
4445:
3960:
3823:
3623:emissions by coal power plants (coal PM
3594:, air pollution is estimated to reduce
3082:
2819:and sulfur to form secondary particles.
2722:concentration, (6) increased levels of
2223:Waste deposition in landfills produces
1964:, which reduced the release of harmful
1939:monitoring, legislation, and regulation
14:
24318:
23032:Council on Education for Public Health
21392:1982 Bukit Merah radioactive pollution
19880:Global real-time air quality index map
19491:"Environmental Outlook to 2050 - OECD"
19464:
19260:
19133:
19102:
18799:http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3808572
18743:
18632:
17643:
16261:
15510:
15508:
15506:
15333:Perera F, Herbstman J (1 April 2011).
14910:
14908:
14891:
14889:
14833:Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
14755:
14753:
14751:
14608:Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
14597:
14595:
14475:Plunk EC, Richards SM (January 2020).
14300:Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
14176:Environmental Science & Technology
13862:
13860:
13767:
13560:
11931:
11751:
11495:
11280:Kampa M, Castanas E (1 January 2008).
11247:
11245:
11067:
11065:
10891:
10889:
10887:
10885:
10883:
10478:American Review of Respiratory Disease
10311:
9918:
9784:from the original on 24 September 2010
9200:"Basic Information about Landfill Gas"
8804:Nitrogen Dioxide in the United Kingdom
8447:Environmental Science & Technology
8390:Environmental Science & Technology
8235:
7916:
6393:
5545:is the German air quality regulation.
5219:National Ambient Air Quality Standards
4813:can be utilized in poor nations where
4749:is a critical component of a shift to
4477:The problem is even more acute in the
4331:
4172:in children. For example, exposure to
4085:but does not affect live birth rates.
3673:The largest cause of air pollution is
2220:in the Los Angeles basin in the 2010s.
1978:international action on climate change
1912:of the top contributors to human death
1843:Air quality is closely related to the
23246:
23220:
23090:Professional degrees of public health
22997:Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
22048:
21632:
21234:
19931:
19828:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
19748:Mingle, Jonathan, "Our Lethal Air" ,
19029:
18901:London Assembly Environment Committee
17988:Ahuja D, Tatsutani M (7 April 2009).
17886:
17179:
16930:from the original on 12 February 2021
16913:
15626:"The cost of air pollution in Africa"
15286:"Air pollution and autism in Denmark"
13563:"The Impact of Air Pollution on COPD"
13048:
11601:
11590:from the original on 15 January 2024.
8518:
5945:Concrete#Concrete – health and safety
4136:(ART) when occurring at high levels.
4013:
3764:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
3571:
3376:can result even from poorly-adjusted
3290:
2744:
2081:manufacturing facilities (factories)
1880:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
23187:
23080:Bachelor of Science in Public Health
22003:
21181:
20422:Electromagnetic radiation and health
18712:"German TA-Luft is guaranteed by us"
18635:"About the Air Quality Health Index"
16453:
16313:
16281:
15767:
15576:
14276:
12529:Toxic air: The price of fossil fuels
11888:
10959:
10922:
10808:"smog | National Geographic Society"
10780:, Academic Press, pp. 373–391,
10267:"OECD Test Guidelines for Chemicals"
10007:. Open environmental sciences. 2008.
9948:
9401:
8931:NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
8274:
7455:Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health
6444:Current Environmental Health Reports
6328:, Shaw D, Sidaway J, Hall T (eds.).
6249:
5632:
4686:. According to a study published in
4628:
4574:
4398:increasing concentrations of either
4184:. They can also lead to detrimental
4163:
3380:. Traps are built into all domestic
2748:
23199:
22348:Workers' right to access the toilet
22189:Human right to water and sanitation
22027:
21197:
21189:
20280:Radium and radon in the environment
19848:(Cambridge University Press, 2002)
18928:
18301:Digital Communications and Networks
17051:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
16633:Li H, Tang M, Cao A, Guo L (2022).
16037:"Effects of prenatal exposure to NO
15503:
14905:
14886:
14748:
14654:
14592:
13857:
13147:The New England Journal of Medicine
12802:
12535:. Seoul: Greenpeace Southeast Asia.
12155:"Air pollution causes early deaths"
12076:Journal of Environmental Management
11242:
11062:
10880:
10722:"ESS Topic 6.3: Photochemical Smog"
10067:"General hazards of Carbon Dioxide"
8576:Cook E, Velis CA (6 January 2021).
7732:
5627:C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group
5402:air quality for outdoor activities
4454:
3969:in the second and third trimester.
3388:, out of interiors. Clothing emits
3143:
2594:
321:Radium and radon in the environment
24:
21562:2019 Kim Kim River toxic pollution
19908:from the World Health Organization
19510:
19107:. Switchboard NRDC. Archived from
18660:"Environment Canada – Air Quality"
18242:Zarrar H, Dyo V (1 October 2023).
18026:Energy, Sustainability and Society
16865:UN Environment (11 October 2018).
12218:from the original on 20 April 2008
11910:10.1161/01.CIR.0000108927.80044.7F
11015:Carrington D (22 September 2021).
10841:US Environmental Protection Agency
10666:US Environmental Protection Agency
10322:US Environmental Protection Agency
9929:US Environmental Protection Agency
9777:US Environmental Protection Agency
9430:Nemecek T, Poore J (1 June 2018).
9304:Journal of Integrative Agriculture
9205:US Environmental Protection Agency
9142:10.1023/B:VEGE.0000048089.25497.0c
9114:Reyes O, Casal M (November 2004).
7820:US Environmental Protection Agency
7657:Environment UN (29 October 2018).
7636:US Environmental Protection Agency
7587:"The clean air act after 50 years"
6330:An Introduction To Human Geography
6166:Light water reactor sustainability
5792:World's Most Polluted Cities 2020
5568:Dieter Janecek v. Freistaat Bayern
5108:Miscellaneous associated equipment
4832:
4760:total particulate emissions in air
4134:assisted reproductive technologies
2459:
1996:Anthropogenic (human-made) sources
1968:depleting chemicals, and the 1985
25:
24347:
22621:Commercial determinants of health
22074:
21557:2016 Vietnam marine life disaster
19896:UNEP Urban environmental planning
19862:
19217:American Journal of Public Health
18438:from the original on 4 March 2020
18404:from the original on 2 April 2020
16513:Pathak M, Kuttippurath J (2022).
16327:Environmental Health Perspectives
16297:. 26 October 2015. Archived from
16120:Environmental Health Perspectives
15722:Environmental Health Perspectives
15656:Environmental Health Perspectives
15450:Environmental Health Perspectives
15110:Environmental Health Perspectives
14990:Environmental Health Perspectives
14939:Environmental Health Perspectives
14726:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.1110
14052:Environmental Health Perspectives
14011:Computers in Biology and Medicine
13349:Environmental Health Perspectives
11845:Environmental Health Perspectives
11810:"Ambient (outdoor) air pollution"
10299:"Carbon Monoxide Poisoning – NHS"
9616:10.1038/scientificamerican0614-14
9262:Springer International Publishing
9171:Chatterjee R (15 February 2018).
8720:
8512:"Particulate Matter (PM), US EPA"
8306:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
7688:United States Department of State
6510:The British Journal of Psychiatry
6084:Best Available Control Technology
5087:Electro-catalytic oxidation (ECO)
4961:Selective non-catalytic reduction
4796:emission-free electric vehicles,
4747:Phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles
4319:Neuroplastic effects of pollution
3895:
3445:
2930:): Nitrogen oxides, particularly
2512:that is formed from the decay of
2146:air pollution externality of cars
1816:(both organic and inorganic) and
24300:
24299:
23198:
23186:
23175:
23174:
22204:National public health institute
22026:
22014:
22002:
21984:
21983:
21722:
21215:
21205:
21196:
21188:
21180:
21168:
21167:
19479:
19458:
19433:
19408:
19399:
19340:
19273:
19254:
19203:
19115:
19096:
19075:
19050:
19023:
18922:
18886:
18803:
18790:
18704:
18678:
18652:
18626:
18604:
18579:
18554:
18529:
18476:
18450:
18416:
18386:
18335:
18292:
18235:
18176:
18151:
18125:
18071:
18012:
17981:
17956:
17930:
17908:
17880:
17852:
17809:
17764:
17725:
17706:Energy and Environmental Science
17658:
17637:
17564:
17539:
17463:
17412:
17359:
17300:
17243:
17206:
17173:
17116:
17038:
16969:
16942:
16907:
16858:
16825:
16775:Science of the Total Environment
16762:
16689:
16626:
16587:
16561:
16506:
16372:
16255:
16216:
16190:
16107:
16028:
15961:
15929:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107523
15832:
15816:
15708:
15643:
15618:
15597:
15570:
15436:
15393:
15326:
15277:
15212:
15147:
15096:
15027:
14976:
14820:
14705:
14527:
14468:
14405:
14346:
14219:
14097:
14038:
14024:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2012.03.002
13888:
13836:Gallagher J (17 December 2015).
13804:
13761:
13624:
13599:
13573:
13554:
13513:
13476:
13431:
13394:
13174:
13137:
12847:
12822:
12796:
12768:
12737:
12712:
12688:
12660:
12633:
12596:
12553:
12519:
12493:
12198:
12173:
12147:
12063:
12050:
12024:
11973:Science of the Total Environment
11959:
11925:
11882:
11831:
11773:
11745:
11647:
11614:
11595:
11515:
11489:
11460:
11405:
11385:
11336:
11273:
11211:
11183:
11164:
11089:
11036:
11008:
10902:(4th ed.). Academic Press.
10855:
10829:
10812:education.nationalgeographic.org
10800:
10765:
10739:
10714:
10680:
10597:
10571:
10543:
10505:
10468:
10441:
10390:
10360:
10335:
10305:
10291:
10273:
10259:
10246:Earth System Research Laboratory
10209:
10191:
10165:
10149:Barbalace RC (7 November 2006).
10142:
10123:
10096:
9976:Carrington D (4 November 2021).
8958:Science of the Total Environment
8357:
8128:Rentschler J, Leonova N (2023).
6176:Lowest Achievable Emissions Rate
5913:
5899:
5885:
5698:
4688:Energy and Environmental Science
4491:
4174:polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
3986:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
3981:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
3840:, which is mainly the result of
3539:
3521:
3238:
3215:
3191:
2999:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
2977:due to chemical, biological, or
2753:
2628:identified pesticides and other
2490:of food by animals, for example
1737:
1060:
1048:
38:. For the qualities of air, see
22601:Open-source healthcare software
22343:Sociology of health and illness
21961:Human impact on the environment
21531:Water radioactive contamination
19994:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
18979:Pattberg P, Stripple J (2008).
18633:Canada Ea (10 September 2007).
17859:McVeigh K (28 September 2021).
16795:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139986
16461:New England Journal of Medicine
16170:
15916:Pharmacology & Therapeutics
13966:Reviews on Environmental Health
12667:Tankersley J (8 January 2010).
11994:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140636
10374:. 29 March 2022. Archived from
10011:
9997:
9969:
9912:
9882:
9856:
9826:
9796:
9764:
9703:
9677:
9651:
9630:
9585:
9520:
9490:
9395:
9295:
9249:
9223:
9192:
9164:
9107:
9052:
9001:
8979:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.161
8944:
8919:
8894:
8869:
8791:
8714:
8647:
8625:
8597:
8569:
8504:
8490:
8433:
8380:
8351:
8292:
8229:
8211:
8182:
8121:
8044:
8017:
7989:
7971:
7910:
7834:
7808:
7781:
7752:
7726:
7701:
7676:
7650:
7624:
7441:
7379:
7332:McCauley L (8 September 2016).
7259:
7232:
7063:
7027:
6774:
6728:
5468:strenuous activities outdoors.
4786:seasonal thermal energy storage
3957:compared to those not exposed.
3812:It is believed that, much like
3757:
3650:
3206:contained excessive amounts of
2616:(left) and a smoggy day (right)
2140:and re-entry of components and
1862:Air pollution is a significant
141:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
64:Environmental Performance Index
22962:Caribbean Public Health Agency
22774:Sexually transmitted infection
22671:Statistical hypothesis testing
22432:Occupational safety and health
22333:Sexual and reproductive health
22246:Occupational safety and health
21869:Public transport encouragement
19885:Air Quality Index (AQI) Basics
19715:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.11.011
18865:Mulholland H (11 March 2011).
17516:10.1080/00022470.1971.10469547
17439:10.1002/14651858.CD010919.pub2
16386:Environmental Research Letters
15361:10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.12.055
14540:Current Research in Toxicology
13611:Respiratory Health Association
12775:Sahagun L (13 November 2008).
12744:Grossni M (13 November 2008).
11724:Carrington D (12 March 2019).
11621:Whitacre P (9 February 2021).
11179:– via www.newyorker.com.
10984:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.06.035
10947:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.03.064
8609:California Air Resources Board
7174:Environmental Research Letters
6497:
6430:
6350:
6313:
5862:
5396:your usual outdoor activities.
5195:
4737:bicycle use and infrastructure
4361:When we looked closely at the
3740:Global Burden of Disease Study
3233:(VOCs), and odorous emissions.
3087:Secondary pollutants include:
2938:. They can be seen as a brown
2768:format but may read better as
1010:Least polluted cities by PM2.5
13:
1:
22616:Social determinants of health
21384:Air radioactive contamination
20482:Electrical resistance heating
19957:
19922:What are hazardous pollutants
19465:Darame M (29 November 2019).
19103:Pettit D (14 December 2014).
18507:10.1080/01431161.2018.1460505
17787:10.1016/S2468-2667(16)30023-8
17750:10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.10.019
17644:Palmer J (12 November 2011).
17470:Connolly K (30 August 2022).
17257:Journal of Industrial Ecology
17229:10.1016/S2468-2667(16)30023-8
16262:Symons A (15 December 2022).
16247:: CS1 maint: date and year (
13670:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60037-3
13607:"Understanding Air Pollution"
13539:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-200711
13107:10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30073-4
12939:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30505-6
12545:: CS1 maint: date and year (
12214:. London, UK. 15 April 2008.
12096:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116355
11496:US EPA O (22 February 2013).
10899:Fundamentals of Air Pollution
10896:Vallero DA (1 October 2007).
10172:Friedman L (22 August 2022).
9919:US EPA O (10 December 2015).
9842:European Environmental Agency
9324:10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61814-8
9014:Grasses and Grassland Aspects
7917:Perera F (23 December 2017).
7816:"Basic Information about NO2"
7518:Fundamentals of Air Pollution
6880:10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00090-0
6833:Fundamentals of Air Pollution
6696:10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30343-0
6212:
5549:Governing urban air pollution
5125:
4955:Selective catalytic reduction
3706:
3613:A study published in 2023 in
3152:and in Europe under numerous
3060:, especially their compounds.
2971:Persistent organic pollutants
2683:
2630:persistent organic pollutants
1980:, have been less successful.
481:Electrical resistance heating
23265:Pollution / quality
22676:Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
22437:Human factors and ergonomics
21567:Pollution of the Pasig River
21319:1997 Indonesian forest fires
20134:Persistent organic pollutant
19802:, and lodge ... in the
19751:The New York Review of Books
19536:Resources in other libraries
17838:10.1016/0957-1272(90)90008-I
17337:10.1016/j.renene.2021.11.067
16914:Smith A (12 February 2021).
16722:10.1016/j.apgeog.2022.102869
15996:10.1016/j.envres.2020.110320
15867:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117404
15583:. European Investment Bank.
15547:10.1016/j.envint.2017.01.023
15302:10.1097/EE9.0000000000000028
15180:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106898
15063:10.1371/journal.pone.0111670
14921:. World Health Organisation.
14675:10.3109/09513590.2014.958992
14438:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116838
13789:10.1183/09031936.01.17510240
13775:European Respiratory Journal
13499:10.1164/ajrccm.153.1.8542133
13312:10.1161/cir.0b013e3181dbece1
13251:10.1371/journal.pone.0127014
13200:10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.629246
12987:Journal of Internal Medicine
12456:10.1016/j.envres.2021.110754
12056:Mr Chen's claim was made in
11932:Harris G (25 January 2014).
11889:Pope CA (15 December 2003).
11438:10.1016/j.envres.2021.110754
11306:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.012
11252:Carrington D (18 May 2021).
10632:10.1016/j.envint.2013.07.019
9390:regarding particle toxicity.
9270:10.1007/978-3-319-25367-1_15
8855:10.1016/j.envint.2015.06.010
7794:Council on Foreign Relations
7196:10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/034005
6649:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111487
6587:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003718
6027:Air pollutant concentrations
5950:Diwali-related air pollution
5084:Sorbent injection technology
4827:
4663:(such as through the use of
4554:renewable energy transitions
4548:business activities such as
4380:neurodevelopmental disorders
4170:neurodevelopmental disorders
4097:Ground-level ozone pollution
3923:
3656:
3610:-related illness and death.
3580:
3504:
3272:For some pollutants such as
2096:in its industrial structure.
2065:Oil and gas sites that have
2048:Stationary sources include:
191:Persistent organic pollutant
115:Air pollution from a factory
7:
22857:Good manufacturing practice
22661:Randomized controlled trial
21859:Natural resource management
21144:Least polluted cities by PM
19782:to penetrate deep into our
18716:centrotherm clean solutions
18132:Academy S (16 April 2022).
18019:Oyedepo SO (23 July 2012).
15577:Bank EI (19 October 2022).
14663:Gynecological Endocrinology
14560:10.1016/j.crtox.2022.100070
13979:10.1515/reveh.2008.23.4.243
13580:World Health Organisation.
11353:10.1007/978-3-030-19412-3_2
11146:"Improved Clean Cookstoves"
10867:European Environment Agency
10314:"Basic Ozone Layer Science"
10071:Health and Safety Executive
10018:Johnson K (18 April 2009).
9085:10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00245
8829:Aggarwal P, Jain S (2015).
7361:"The Rising Cost of Smog".
7275:European Environment Agency
6867:The Lancet Planetary Health
6171:List of smogs by death toll
5878:
5649:
4918:Mechanically aided scrubber
4876:Electrostatic precipitators
4147:
3953:rate in women exposed to NO
3259:
3129:): similarly formed from NO
2678:European Environment Agency
1665:Severe weather terminology
1127:Temperate and polar seasons
10:
24352:
22927:Theory of planned behavior
22852:Good agricultural practice
22757:Public health surveillance
22649:epidemiological statistics
22293:Public health intervention
21086:Pollution haven hypothesis
21009:Brain health and pollution
20247:Ecological light pollution
20077:Internal combustion engine
18963:Cambridge University Press
18903:. May 2009. Archived from
18313:10.1016/j.dcan.2019.03.003
18103:Simeonova E (March 2018).
17887:Opray M (24 August 2017).
17597:10.1007/s11356-022-21319-2
16659:10.1007/s11356-022-21287-7
16568:Woodyatt A (3 June 2020).
16171:McEnaney M (7 June 2014).
16067:10.1007/s11356-020-08832-y
15290:Environmental Epidemiology
15245:10.1038/s41598-023-30877-5
13921:10.1038/s41586-023-05874-3
13454:10.1164/rccm.201006-0937OC
13417:10.1164/rccm.200906-0858OC
12803:Kay J (13 November 2008).
12389:10.1038/s41467-021-26348-y
11171:Twilley N (1 April 2019).
10837:"Hazardous Air Pollutants"
10159:Environmentalchemistry.com
9717:Frontiers in Public Health
9402:Diep F (31 January 2018).
8191:"Biomass Pollution Basics"
8157:10.1038/s41467-023-39797-4
7476:10.1007/s11869-020-00845-3
7411:10.1007/s11356-019-06159-x
7035:"Energy and Air Pollution"
6935:10.1038/s41598-021-01802-5
6830:Daniel A. Vallero (2014).
6266:Frontiers in Public Health
6047:Particulate matter sampler
5760:
5754:
5659:
5653:
5566:In July 2008, in the case
5552:
5537:
5199:
5174:general circulation models
5165:
5135:
5129:
5000:Fluidized Bed Concentrator
4825:
4529:accidental leak of anthrax
4400:volatile organic compounds
4316:
4214:
3856:, suspended in the air. PM
3832:Unprotected exposure to PM
3801:), reduced lung function (
3710:
3654:
3350:paint can degenerate into
3294:
3231:volatile organic compounds
3064:Volatile organic compounds
2870:as an 'air pollutant.'" CO
2687:
2632:of concern. These include
2598:
2550:volatile organic compounds
2273:Acidifying Emissions (g SO
2218:volatile organic compounds
1868:pollution-related diseases
29:
24295:
24236:
24101:
24094:
23975:
23836:Types / location
23835:
23826:
23636:
23431:
23344:
23314:
23263:
23254:
23170:
23105:
23064:
23049:World Toilet Organization
23044:World Health Organization
22951:
22940:
22877:
22802:
22718:
22646:
22611:Public health informatics
22551:
22356:
22318:Right to rest and leisure
22147:Globalization and disease
22082:
21979:
21953:
21917:
21841:
21771:Environmental engineering
21731:
21720:
21666:
21579:
21547:
21529:
21522:
21513:
21494:Pollutant Standards Index
21476:
21445:
21404:
21382:
21374:2019 Vietnam forest fires
21300:
21282:
21275:
21266:
21165:
21119:
21068:
21017:
20984:
20889:Nonpoint source pollution
20817:
20809:War and environmental law
20756:
20718:
20700:
20500:
20435:
20372:
20298:
20267:
20232:
20216:
20181:
20168:Volatile organic compound
19974:
19965:
19639:London Fog: The Biography
19531:Resources in your library
19188:10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0153
19044:10.1108/14720701011021120
19008:10.1007/s10784-008-9085-3
18775:European Court of Justice
18398:earthobservatory.nasa.gov
18270:10.1109/JSEN.2023.3305779
18205:10.1007/s10661-018-6940-8
17390:10.1016/j.esr.2019.01.006
16983:The Astrophysical Journal
16612:10.1038/s43016-020-0043-8
15794:10.1007/s40279-014-0222-6
15525:Environment International
15160:Environment International
14846:10.1186/s12958-018-0430-2
14787:10.1186/s12940-017-0291-8
14621:10.1186/s12958-018-0430-2
14313:10.1186/s12958-018-0433-z
13816:www.cleanairresources.com
13728:10.1186/s12940-017-0271-z
12619:10.1164/rccm.200606-872OC
11818:World Health Organization
11602:Roser M (18 March 2024).
11476:World Health Organization
11227:World Health Organization
10611:Environment International
10491:10.1164/ajrccm/136.5.1117
10281:"The Strange Lake Nyos CO
9864:"Environmental Pollution"
9686:"Air pollutant emissions"
9659:"Air Pollution Emissions"
9502:www.cleanairresources.com
8328:10.5194/acp-21-17865-2021
8198:World Health Organization
7846:World Health Organization
7768:World Health Organization
7659:"About Montreal Protocol"
7218:World Health Organization
6465:10.1007/s40572-017-0134-3
6037:Organic molecular tracers
6032:Air pollution measurement
5960:Health impacts of sawdust
5750:
5697:
5692:
5572:European Court of Justice
5369:
5366:
5363:
5229:
5138:Air pollution measurement
4972:Exhaust gas recirculation
4703:Alternatives to pollution
4697:climate change mitigation
3690:A study concluded that PM
3669:-related premature deaths
3374:carbon monoxide poisoning
3076:methane in the atmosphere
2975:environmental degradation
2835:World Health Organization
2708:particulate contamination
2578:activity, which produces
2441:
2425:
2409:
2393:
2377:
2361:
2345:
2329:
2313:
2297:
2281:
2272:
2269:
2152:and car tires (including
736:War and environmental law
356:Health effects from noise
206:Volatile organic compound
23095:Schools of public health
22887:Diffusion of innovations
22586:Health impact assessment
22298:Public health laboratory
22194:Management of depression
21854:Environmental technology
21803:Environmental toxicology
21798:Environmental statistics
21793:Environmental humanities
21501:Great Green Wall (China)
20348:Marine mammals and sonar
20259:Radio spectrum pollution
19918:Hazardous air pollutants
19701:. Elsevier BV: 252–277.
19685:(1980), pp. 83–103.
19621:10.1504/ijep.2005.007599
19230:10.2105/ajph.2007.131383
19083:"Air pollution hot spot"
18113:. Working Paper Series.
17774:The Lancet Public Health
17278:10.1162/jiec.1998.2.1.79
17015:10.3847/1538-4357/abd7f7
16832:RWDI Consulting (2005).
16407:10.1088/1748-9326/ac1bd8
12581:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn464
11752:Dickie G (18 May 2022).
11468:"Air quality and health"
10748:"Cars and Air Pollution"
10411:10.5772/intechopen.93104
10312:US EPA O (5 June 2017).
9868:Theenvironmentalblog.org
9731:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00014
9531:, Fung IY (5 May 2009).
9527:Goldstein AH, Koven CD,
9022:10.5772/intechopen.90747
8799:Air Quality Expert Group
7885:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00014
7245:European Investment Bank
6684:The Lancet Global Health
6280:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00014
6140:Health Effects Institute
5836:Bisrakh Jalalpur, India
5496:), ground-level ozone (O
5367:Air Quality Health Index
5236:Air Quality Health Index
5178:Chemical transport model
5142:Environmental monitoring
5112:Source capturing systems
5070:Flue-gas desulfurization
4913:Ejector venturi scrubber
4853:Air pollution from a car
4782:ground source heat pumps
4543:Reduction and regulation
4459:Air pollution costs the
4431:meet federal standards,
4365:, we could see that the
4353:, learning ability, and
4197:autism spectrum disorder
3863:Long-term exposure to PM
3317:Air quality monitoring,
3227:hazardous air pollutants
3200:flue-gas desulfurization
3175:Hazardous air pollutants
2993:Persistent free radicals
2694:Greenhouse gas emissions
2148:enters the air from the
1984:Sources of air pollution
1976:, while others, such as
361:Marine mammals and sonar
23158:Social hygiene movement
23085:Doctor of Public Health
22917:Social cognitive theory
22719:Infectious and epidemic
22501:Fecal–oral transmission
21766:Environmental economics
21689:Environmental chemistry
21194:WikiProject Environment
21152:Most polluted countries
21096:Polluter pays principle
20827:Agricultural wastewater
19695:Atmospheric Environment
19654:Dewey, Scott Hamilton.
18957:Risse-Kappen T (1995).
18929:BBC (6 December 2010).
18894:"Every Breath You Take"
18537:"Pollution is Personal"
18428:emissions by a quarter"
17369:Energy Strategy Reviews
17152:10.1126/science.7973702
17071:Environ Health Perspect
16454:Qian D (29 June 2017).
16226:Air Quality and Suicide
15846:Environmental Pollution
15340:Reproductive Toxicology
14714:Fertility and Sterility
14418:Environmental Pollution
14197:10.1021/acs.est.1c00552
14133:10.1186/1476-069X-10-67
13582:"Ambient air pollution"
12834:British Medical Journal
12809:San Francisco Chronicle
12327:10.1126/science.adf4915
11681:10.1073/pnas.1819989116
11286:Environmental Pollution
10963:Atmospheric Environment
10926:Atmospheric Environment
10863:"Air quality standards"
10403:Environmental Emissions
9955:. Elsevier. p. 1.
9560:10.1073/pnas.0904128106
9459:10.1126/science.aaq0216
8091:10.1126/science.abj4351
7367:: 15. 1 February 2018.
7127:10.1073/pnas.1819989116
6983:Cardiovascular Research
6196:Polluter pays principle
6119:Global Atmosphere Watch
6104:Environmental agreement
4908:Cyclonic spray scrubber
4868:Mechanical collectors (
4019:Particulate matter (PM)
3990:Reactive Oxygen Species
3850:fine particulate matter
3417:peritoneal mesothelioma
2864:Inflation Reduction Act
2777:converting this section
2468:Dust storm approaching
2128:, trains (particularly
836:Freshwater salinization
756:Agricultural wastewater
68:fine particulate matter
23153:Germ theory of disease
22932:Transtheoretical model
21823:Sustainability science
21292:2010 China dust storms
21212:Environment portal
20445:Agricultural pollution
19308:10.1126/sciadv.abm4435
18048:10.1186/2192-0567-2-15
15975:Environmental Research
14372:10.3390/ijerph17238802
12567:European Heart Journal
12435:Environmental Research
11540:10.1093/toxsci/kfac113
11528:Toxicological Sciences
11418:Environmental Research
9638:"Volcanic Pollution |"
7938:10.3390/ijerph15010016
6799:10.1093/toxsci/kfac113
6787:Toxicological Sciences
6741:Toxicological Sciences
6629:Environmental Research
5772:
5500:) and particulates (PM
5214:
5038:Vapor recovery systems
5025:Absorption (scrubbing)
4979:(also for VOC control)
4854:
4846:
4777:but not practical yet)
4724:
4712:
4690:in 2015 the switch to
4673:compressed natural gas
4587:
4423:
4384:
4325:central nervous system
4313:Central nervous system
4093:
3977:
3910:chronic kidney disease
3845:
3734:Cardiovascular disease
3670:
3647:
3514:
3469:respiratory infections
3384:to keep sewer gas and
3321:
3310:
3052:Toxic metals, such as
3005:Radioactive pollutants
2843:Air Quality Guidelines
2726:
2668:
2655:E-waste processing in
2617:
2473:
2241:Agricultural emissions
2044:
2028:
2020:
2015:of a field outside of
2005:
1872:respiratory infections
1726:Tropical cyclone terms
1055:Environment portal
87:
79:
55:
23037:Public Health Service
22922:Social norms approach
22912:PRECEDE–PROCEED model
22358:Preventive healthcare
22251:Pharmaceutical policy
22100:Chief Medical Officer
21788:Environmental studies
21660:Environmental science
21261:Asia pollution topics
20867:Industrial wastewater
20733:Clutter (advertising)
20641:Municipal solid waste
20487:Soil guideline values
20331:Sustainable transport
20224:Information pollution
20024:Open burning of waste
19844:Schreurs, Miranda A.
19730:Lundqvist LJ (1980).
19648:(February 2012) 42#1
19637:Corton, Christine L.
19127:Science Magazine News
18566:Plume Labs Air Report
18371:10.3390/atmos11040433
17169:on 21 September 2006.
16474:10.1056/NEJMoa1702747
12368:Nature Communications
10083:For over a century CO
9894:Ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp
8286:www.health.nsw.gov.au
8135:Nature Communications
7981:. ESA. Archived from
6753:10.1093/toxsci/kfq367
6074:Atmospheric chemistry
5980:Non-exhaust emissions
5893:Global warming portal
5770:
5761:Further information:
5747:and chemical plants.
5553:Further information:
5209:
5136:Further information:
4903:Baffle spray scrubber
4888:Particulate scrubbers
4852:
4840:
4826:Further information:
4751:sustainable transport
4718:
4710:
4692:100% renewable energy
4582:
4421:
4359:
4091:
3975:
3842:environmental factors
3831:
3713:Air quality guideline
3664:
3655:Further information:
3645:
3512:
3436:Legionnaires' disease
3434:systems can incubate
3316:
3308:
2701:
2654:
2608:
2467:
2277:eq per 100g protein)
2034:
2026:
2011:
2003:
1900:cardiovascular system
1333:Extratropical cyclone
1257:Air-mass thunderstorm
796:Industrial wastewater
564:Municipal solid waste
486:Soil guideline values
85:
61:
51:Air pollution from a
50:
24211:remnant natural area
23848:storage and recovery
23514:habitat conservation
23332:Deforestation (REDD)
23113:Sara Josephine Baker
23012:Public Health Agency
22897:Health communication
22762:Disease surveillance
22728:Asymptomatic carrier
22710:Statistical software
22398:Preventive nutrition
22226:Medical anthropology
22115:Environmental health
21776:Environmental health
21761:Environmental design
21756:Ecological economics
21468:Southeast Asian haze
21139:Most polluted cities
20832:Biological pollution
20743:Overhead power lines
19661:Gonzalez, George A.
19367:10.1136/oem.55.9.605
19032:Corporate Governance
18462:World Economic Forum
18434:. 19 February 2020.
18400:. 28 February 2020.
18249:IEEE Sensors Journal
15668:10.1289/ehp.97105514
14766:Environmental Health
14494:10.3390/ijms21239191
14244:10.2215/CJN.08350719
14111:Environmental Health
13706:Environmental Health
13699:Int Panis L (2017).
13160:10.1056/NEJMoa054409
13095:The Lancet Neurology
12925:(10082): 1907–1918.
12265:10.1029/2022GH000603
12251:(5): e2022GH000603.
10752:www.adeq.state.ar.us
9264:, pp. 337–351,
9235:www.ccacoalition.org
8682:10.1029/2021EF002612
8668:(6): e2021EF002612.
8189:Pennise D, Smith K.
7312:. Washington, D.C.:
6523:10.1192/bjp.2021.119
6206:Silicosis#Prevention
6181:NASA Clean Air Study
6109:Environmental racism
5725:social vulnerability
5168:Air quality modeling
5162:Air quality modeling
5015:Catalytic converters
4537:Donora, Pennsylvania
4518:Dow Chemical Company
4508:Historical disasters
4500: – including NO
4446:Agricultural effects
3996:and reduced repair.
3961:Carbon monoxide (CO)
3945:in women undergoing
3929:Nitrogen dioxide (NO
3824:Cancer (lung cancer)
3480:environmental health
3476:emergency department
3451:wheezing, coughing,
3115:Peroxyacetyl nitrate
3083:Secondary pollutants
2642:endocrine disruptors
2263:acidifying emissions
2109:waste incineration (
1933:to the contemporary
1818:biological molecules
1693:Weather modification
1291:Anticyclonic tornado
1005:Most polluted cities
657:Overhead power lines
74:, as well as better
24165:Earth Overshoot Day
23739:Marine conservation
23720:non-timber products
23123:Carl Rogers Darnall
23118:Samuel Jay Crumbine
22892:Health belief model
22745:Notifiable diseases
22681:Regression analysis
22516:Waterborne diseases
22105:Cultural competence
21945:Environment by year
21935:Research institutes
21849:Energy conservation
21674:Atmospheric science
21354:2016 Malaysian haze
21324:2005 Malaysian haze
21202:WikiProject Ecology
20899:Ocean acidification
20804:Unexploded ordnance
20675:Post-consumer waste
20535:Foam food container
20513:Biodegradable waste
20087:Global distillation
19834:and other forms of
19707:2013AtmEn..67..252K
19646:The Nation's Health
19300:2022SciA....8M4435V
19129:. 28 November 2016.
18999:2008IEAPL...8..367P
18910:on 22 February 2015
18811:European Commission
18666:. 10 September 2007
18612:European Commission
18499:2018IJRS...39.6463Y
18362:2020Atmos..11..433Z
18262:2023ISenJ..2323692Z
18256:(19): 23692–23703.
18197:2018EMnAs.190..562S
18039:2012ESusS...2...15O
17830:1990AtmEB..24...43L
17589:2022ESPR...2978637K
17583:(52): 78637–78649.
17382:2019EneSR..24...38G
17329:2022REne..184..430J
17270:1998JInEc...2...79C
17144:1994Sci...266.1202M
17006:2021ApJ...908..164K
16787:2020ScTEn.74039986K
16714:2023AppGe.15102869K
16651:2022ESPR...2978381L
16645:(52): 78381–78395.
16399:2021ERL....16i4047C
16340:10.1289/ehp.1510037
16132:10.1289/ehp.1307984
16059:2020ESPR...2724786S
16053:(20): 24786–24798.
15988:2021ER....19610320V
15859:2021EPoll.28417404J
15538:2017EnInt.101..173M
15463:10.1289/ehp.1306837
15353:2011RepTx..31..363P
15237:2023NatSR..13.3848F
15172:2022EnInt.15806898C
15123:10.1289/ehp.1205827
15054:2014PLoSO...9k1670P
15003:10.1289/ehp.1104315
14952:10.1289/ehp.1408121
14778:2017EnvHe..16...82C
14552:2022CRTox...300070P
14430:2021EPoll.27816838D
14189:2021EnST...55.6876B
14124:2011EnvHe..10...67R
14065:10.1289/ehp.1002353
13913:2023Natur.616..159H
13876:. 10 September 2022
13719:2017EnvHe..16...60I
13362:10.1289/ehp.1205721
13242:2015PLoSO..1027014P
12931:2017Lanc..389.1907C
12756:on 16 December 2008
12448:2021ER....19510754V
12381:2021NatCo..12.6286N
12319:2023Sci...382..941H
12257:2022GHeal...6..603M
12133:European Parliament
12088:2022JEnvM.32416355F
11986:2020ScTEn.74240636O
11672:2019PNAS..116.7192L
11430:2021ER....19510754V
11401:. 22 February 2021.
11298:2008EPoll.151..362K
10976:2019AtmEn.213..424D
10939:2011AtmEn..45.3594D
10816:National Geographic
10624:2013EnInt..60...71K
10347:Scientific American
10136:Scientific American
10024:Wall Street Journal
9608:2014SciAm.310f..14F
9595:Scientific American
9551:2009PNAS..106.8835G
9450:2018Sci...360..987P
9361:10.1038/nature15371
9353:2015Natur.525..367L
9316:2017JIAgr..16.2945S
9134:2004PlEco.175...81R
9077:2020SciAf...700245H
8971:2018ScTEn.624..691H
8847:2015EnInt..83..146A
8674:2022EaFut..1002612R
8532:. 16 September 2024
8460:2014EnST...4814139H
8454:(24): 14139–14147.
8403:2014EnST...4814139H
8397:(24): 14139–14147.
8319:2021ACP....2117865T
8313:(23): 17865–17883.
8148:2023NatCo..14.4432R
8083:2022Sci...375..557L
8030:The Washington Post
7985:on 3 February 2022.
7872:Front Public Health
7603:2006Wthr...61..311B
7468:2020AQAH...13..683B
7403:2019ESPR...2629799B
7397:(29): 29799–29809.
7187:2013ERL.....8c4005S
7118:2019PNAS..116.7192L
6995:10.1093/cvr/cvaa025
6927:2021NatSR..1122516J
6690:(11): e1427–e1434.
6641:2021ER....20111487D
6457:2017CEHR....4..180A
5825:Bulandshahr, India
5788:
5673:respiratory disease
5586:European Commission
5378:General population
4977:Catalytic converter
4864:Particulate control
4614:gases. One form is
3728:increased mortality
3390:tetrachloroethylene
2918:Chlorofluorocarbons
2266:
2181:prairie restoration
2017:Statesboro, Georgia
1956:in Britain and the
1853:greenhouse emission
1830:habitat degradation
1810:chlorofluorocarbons
1688:Weather forecasting
1524:Rain and snow mixed
1350:Subtropical cyclone
821:Ocean acidification
731:Unexploded ordnance
652:Advertising clutter
584:Post-consumer waste
529:Foam food container
514:Biodegradable waste
171:Global distillation
40:Atmosphere of Earth
24150:Ecosystem services
23273:Ambient standards
22721:disease prevention
22656:Case–control study
22328:Security of person
22177:Health care reform
22021:Environment portal
21904:Water purification
21222:Ecology portal
21106:Waste minimisation
21081:Industrial ecology
21076:Cleaner production
20894:Nutrient pollution
20771:Herbicidal warfare
20565:Construction waste
20201:Introduced species
20072:Indoor air quality
19999:Chlorofluorocarbon
19854:Thorsheim, Peter.
19756:particulate matter
19665:(SUNY Press, 2012)
19627:Cherni, Judith A.
18163:Chemistryworld.com
17719:10.1039/C5EE01283J
16531:10.1039/D2EM00293K
16301:on 9 November 2020
16294:The New York Times
15225:Scientific Reports
13561:Zoidis JD (1999).
12999:10.1111/joim.13467
12161:. 21 February 2005
12135:. 25 February 2016
11938:The New York Times
11635:on 4 November 2022
10522:. pp. 31–54.
10301:. 17 October 2017.
10238:"Full Mauna Loa CO
10178:The New York Times
9870:. 16 December 2011
9237:. 7 September 2023
9065:Scientific African
8766:10.7717/peerj.6932
8246:(may22 1): h2757.
7611:10.1256/wea.127.06
7076:The New York Times
7051:on 11 October 2019
6915:Scientific Reports
5787:
5777:metropolitan areas
5773:
5616:central government
5375:At risk population
5255:risk communication
5247:Environment Canada
5215:
4992:Adsorption systems
4855:
4847:
4843:construction sites
4725:
4713:
4588:
4533:biological warfare
4440:boundary layer air
4424:
4373:had damaged those
4336:neuro-inflammation
4102:Ground-level ozone
4094:
4014:Particulate matter
3978:
3892:and brain cancer.
3846:
3779:chronic bronchitis
3671:
3648:
3572:Primary mechanisms
3515:
3322:
3311:
3297:Indoor air quality
3291:Indoor air quality
3137:Photochemical smog
3092:Ground level ozone
3009:nuclear explosions
2957:Particulate matter
2936:electric discharge
2831:respiratory system
2817:oxides of nitrogen
2779:, if appropriate.
2745:Primary pollutants
2739:Ground level ozone
2727:
2720:ground-level ozone
2669:
2667:and air pollution.
2661:seep into the soil
2618:
2612:air in 2005 after
2568:, poplar, oak and
2474:
2347:Farmed crustaceans
2260:
2204:Fumes from paint,
2130:diesel locomotives
2090:emission intensity
2045:
2029:
2021:
2013:Controlled burning
2006:
1946:air pollution laws
1744:Weather portal
1360:Atlantic hurricane
1338:European windstorm
1245:Volcanic lightning
1206:Cumulonimbus cloud
1067:Ecology portal
692:Herbicidal warfare
236:Introduced species
176:Indoor air quality
146:Chlorofluorocarbon
88:
80:
76:indoor air quality
56:
24313:
24312:
24291:
24290:
24090:
24089:
23769:genetic resources
23705:genetic resources
23340:
23339:
23248:Natural resources
23214:
23213:
23166:
23165:
23076:Higher education
22907:Positive deviance
22902:Health psychology
22878:Health behavioral
22805:safety management
22779:Social distancing
22553:Population health
22533:Smoking cessation
22481:Pharmacovigilance
22452:Injury prevention
22420:Infection control
22338:Social psychology
22288:Prisoners' rights
22231:Medical sociology
22199:Public health law
22095:Biological hazard
22042:
22041:
21864:Pollution control
21626:
21625:
21622:
21621:
21575:
21574:
21523:Notable incidents
21509:
21508:
21453:Asian brown cloud
21400:
21399:
21276:Notable incidents
21228:
21227:
21101:Pollution control
20781:Nuclear holocaust
20690:Thermal treatment
20658:Plastic pollution
20575:Mercury poisoning
20528:Battery recycling
20427:Radioactive waste
20196:Genetic pollution
20191:Biological hazard
19989:Air quality index
19741:978-0-472-09310-6
19582:978-0-471-28514-4
19560:978-1-136-70329-4
19517:Library resources
18493:(20): 6463–6478.
17199:978-0-465-01521-4
17138:(5188): 1202–08.
16702:Applied Geography
16525:(12): 2437–2449.
16468:(26): 2513–2522.
15735:10.1289/ehp.10952
15590:978-92-861-5382-2
14720:(4): 897–904.e1.
14183:(10): 6876–6883.
13907:(7955): 159–167.
13768:Sunyer J (2001).
13063:10.1136/bmj.i3272
12874:10.1136/bmj.n1904
12782:Los Angeles Times
12674:Los Angeles Times
12313:(6673): 941–946.
11852:(11): 1744–1750.
11666:(15): 7192–7197.
11608:Our World in Data
11584:Our World in Data
11362:978-3-030-19411-6
11199:. 17 January 2013
11152:. 7 February 2020
11079:. 9 February 2021
11077:www.atsdr.cdc.gov
10933:(21): 3594–3602.
10843:. 9 February 2023
10787:978-0-12-812992-0
10707:978-0-309-04631-2
10529:978-1-003-05317-0
10420:978-1-83968-510-1
9962:978-0-323-14251-9
9772:"AP 42, Volume I"
9444:(6392): 987–992.
9347:(7569): 367–371.
9310:(12): 2945–2962.
9279:978-3-319-25365-7
9031:978-1-78984-949-3
8881:www.giss.nasa.gov
8468:10.1021/es503959t
8411:10.1021/es503959t
8252:10.1136/bmj.h2757
8067:(6580): 557–561.
8005:. 4 February 2022
7561:978-92-807-3872-8
7271:www.eea.europa.eu
7112:(15): 7192–7197.
6989:(11): 1910–1917.
6843:978-0-12-404602-3
6380:978-953-307-528-0
6343:978-1-292-12939-6
6094:Emission standard
6069:Asian brown cloud
5870:population growth
5857:
5856:
5814:Ghaziabad, India
5712:
5711:
5633:Indigenous people
5605:congestion charge
5486:
5485:
5448:Consider reducing
5424:No need to modify
5418:Consider reducing
5355:
5354:
5320:
5319:
5224:air quality index
5182:Atmospheric model
5010:Thermal oxidizers
4669:electric vehicles
4629:Energy transition
4621:Pollution-eating
4592:land-use planning
4575:Pollution control
4351:short-term memory
4332:Prenatal exposure
4164:Prenatal exposure
3937:An increase in NO
3738:According to the
3249:
3223:Thermal oxidisers
3187:
3186:
2854:whether the U.S.
2798:
2797:
2704:greenhouse effect
2502:radioactive decay
2486:, emitted by the
2457:
2456:
2177:forest management
2165:forest management
2054:power plants and
1970:Helsinki Protocol
1962:Montreal Protocol
1855:i.e., burning of
1834:built environment
1786:biological agents
1778:
1777:
1103:
1102:
1038:
1037:
704:Nuclear holocaust
627:Urban heat island
441:Radioactive waste
226:Biological hazard
136:Air quality index
36:Air quality index
16:(Redirected from
24343:
24303:
24302:
24254:
24201:Natural heritage
24160:overexploitation
24099:
24098:
23833:
23832:
23779:herbal medicines
23759:FAO Plant Treaty
23299:
23276:
23261:
23260:
23241:
23234:
23227:
23218:
23217:
23202:
23201:
23190:
23189:
23178:
23177:
23072:Health education
22949:
22948:
22803:Food hygiene and
22784:Tropical disease
22596:Infant mortality
22571:Community health
22447:Controlled Drugs
22383:Health promotion
22313:Right to housing
22157:Health economics
22069:
22062:
22055:
22046:
22045:
22030:
22029:
22018:
22006:
22005:
21987:
21986:
21909:Waste management
21899:Urban metabolism
21894:Sewage treatment
21884:Renewable energy
21726:
21653:
21646:
21639:
21630:
21629:
21549:Marine pollution
21527:
21526:
21520:
21519:
21477:Counter-measures
21446:Recurrent issues
21280:
21279:
21273:
21272:
21255:
21248:
21241:
21232:
21231:
21220:
21219:
21218:
21210:
21209:
21200:
21199:
21192:
21191:
21184:
21183:
21171:
21170:
21045:Legacy pollution
20904:Oil exploitation
20766:Chemical warfare
20680:Waste management
20587:Industrial waste
20555:Biomedical waste
20523:Electronic waste
20508:Advertising mail
20492:Phytoremediation
20467:Land degradation
20252:Overillumination
20206:Invasive species
19952:
19945:
19938:
19929:
19928:
19838:." (p. 64.)
19745:
19726:
19678:
19624:
19594:
19564:
19504:
19503:
19495:
19489:(1 March 2012).
19483:
19477:
19476:
19462:
19456:
19455:
19453:
19451:
19437:
19431:
19430:
19428:
19426:
19412:
19406:
19403:
19397:
19396:
19386:
19344:
19338:
19337:
19327:
19294:(14): eabm4435.
19287:Science Advances
19277:
19271:
19270:
19258:
19252:
19251:
19241:
19207:
19201:
19200:
19190:
19164:
19155:
19154:
19140:
19131:
19130:
19119:
19113:
19112:
19100:
19094:
19093:
19091:
19089:
19079:
19073:
19072:
19070:
19068:
19054:
19048:
19047:
19027:
19021:
19020:
19010:
18976:
18967:
18966:
18965:. pp. 3–34.
18954:
18948:
18947:
18945:
18943:
18926:
18920:
18919:
18917:
18915:
18909:
18898:
18890:
18884:
18883:
18881:
18879:
18862:
18853:
18852:
18850:
18848:
18837:
18831:
18830:
18828:
18826:
18817:. Archived from
18807:
18801:
18794:
18788:
18787:
18785:
18783:
18771:
18763:
18757:
18756:
18754:
18752:
18741:
18732:
18731:
18729:
18727:
18718:. Archived from
18708:
18702:
18701:
18699:
18697:
18682:
18676:
18675:
18673:
18671:
18656:
18650:
18649:
18647:
18645:
18630:
18624:
18623:
18618:. Archived from
18608:
18602:
18601:
18599:
18597:
18583:
18577:
18576:
18574:
18572:
18558:
18552:
18551:
18549:
18547:
18533:
18527:
18526:
18480:
18474:
18473:
18471:
18469:
18454:
18448:
18447:
18445:
18443:
18420:
18414:
18413:
18411:
18409:
18390:
18384:
18383:
18373:
18339:
18333:
18332:
18296:
18290:
18289:
18239:
18233:
18232:
18180:
18174:
18173:
18171:
18169:
18155:
18149:
18148:
18146:
18144:
18129:
18123:
18122:
18100:
18094:
18093:
18091:
18089:
18075:
18069:
18068:
18050:
18016:
18010:
18009:
17985:
17979:
17978:
17976:
17974:
17960:
17954:
17953:
17951:
17949:
17934:
17928:
17927:
17925:
17923:
17912:
17906:
17905:
17903:
17901:
17884:
17878:
17877:
17875:
17873:
17856:
17850:
17849:
17813:
17807:
17806:
17768:
17762:
17761:
17738:Transport Policy
17729:
17723:
17722:
17713:(7): 2093–2117.
17693:
17684:
17683:
17681:
17679:
17662:
17656:
17655:
17641:
17635:
17634:
17616:
17568:
17562:
17561:
17559:
17557:
17543:
17537:
17534:
17528:
17527:
17497:
17491:
17490:
17488:
17486:
17467:
17461:
17460:
17450:
17416:
17410:
17409:
17363:
17357:
17356:
17316:Renewable Energy
17312:
17304:
17298:
17297:
17247:
17241:
17240:
17210:
17204:
17203:
17187:
17180:Davis D (2002).
17177:
17171:
17170:
17168:
17162:. Archived from
17129:
17120:
17114:
17113:
17095:
17084:10.1289/ehp.6539
17061:
17055:
17054:
17042:
17036:
17035:
17017:
16999:
16973:
16967:
16966:
16964:
16962:
16946:
16940:
16939:
16937:
16935:
16919:
16911:
16905:
16904:
16888:
16882:
16881:
16879:
16877:
16862:
16856:
16855:
16853:
16851:
16845:
16839:. Archived from
16838:
16829:
16823:
16822:
16766:
16760:
16759:
16741:
16693:
16687:
16686:
16630:
16624:
16623:
16591:
16585:
16584:
16582:
16580:
16565:
16559:
16558:
16510:
16504:
16503:
16485:
16451:
16445:
16444:
16426:
16376:
16370:
16369:
16351:
16317:
16311:
16310:
16308:
16306:
16285:
16279:
16278:
16276:
16274:
16259:
16253:
16252:
16246:
16238:
16220:
16214:
16213:
16211:
16209:
16194:
16188:
16187:
16185:
16183:
16168:
16162:
16161:
16151:
16111:
16105:
16104:
16086:
16032:
16026:
16025:
16015:
15965:
15959:
15958:
15948:
15906:
15897:
15896:
15886:
15836:
15830:
15820:
15814:
15813:
15771:
15765:
15764:
15746:
15712:
15706:
15705:
15687:
15647:
15641:
15640:
15638:
15636:
15622:
15616:
15615:
15609:
15601:
15595:
15594:
15574:
15568:
15567:
15549:
15521:
15512:
15501:
15500:
15482:
15440:
15434:
15433:
15423:
15397:
15391:
15390:
15380:
15330:
15324:
15323:
15313:
15281:
15275:
15274:
15264:
15216:
15210:
15209:
15199:
15151:
15145:
15144:
15134:
15100:
15094:
15093:
15083:
15065:
15031:
15025:
15024:
15014:
14980:
14974:
14973:
14963:
14929:
14923:
14922:
14912:
14903:
14902:
14893:
14884:
14883:
14881:
14879:
14858:
14848:
14824:
14818:
14817:
14807:
14789:
14757:
14746:
14745:
14709:
14703:
14702:
14658:
14652:
14651:
14641:
14623:
14599:
14590:
14589:
14579:
14531:
14525:
14524:
14514:
14496:
14472:
14466:
14465:
14409:
14403:
14402:
14392:
14374:
14350:
14344:
14343:
14333:
14315:
14291:
14274:
14273:
14263:
14223:
14217:
14216:
14170:
14164:
14163:
14145:
14135:
14101:
14095:
14094:
14076:
14042:
14036:
14035:
14005:
13999:
13998:
13960:
13951:
13950:
13940:
13892:
13886:
13885:
13883:
13881:
13864:
13855:
13854:
13852:
13850:
13833:
13827:
13826:
13824:
13822:
13808:
13802:
13801:
13791:
13765:
13759:
13758:
13740:
13730:
13696:
13690:
13689:
13663:
13654:(9561): 571–77.
13641:
13635:
13628:
13622:
13621:
13619:
13617:
13603:
13597:
13596:
13594:
13592:
13577:
13571:
13570:
13558:
13552:
13551:
13541:
13517:
13511:
13510:
13480:
13474:
13473:
13435:
13429:
13428:
13398:
13392:
13391:
13373:
13339:
13333:
13332:
13314:
13288:
13282:
13281:
13263:
13253:
13219:
13213:
13212:
13202:
13178:
13172:
13171:
13141:
13135:
13134:
13089:
13083:
13082:
13046:
13037:
13036:
13026:
12978:
12969:
12968:
12958:
12910:
12904:
12903:
12893:
12851:
12845:
12844:
12842:
12840:
12826:
12820:
12819:
12817:
12815:
12800:
12794:
12793:
12791:
12789:
12772:
12766:
12765:
12763:
12761:
12752:. Archived from
12741:
12735:
12734:
12732:
12730:
12724:Yosemite.epa.gov
12716:
12710:
12709:
12707:
12705:
12700:
12692:
12686:
12685:
12683:
12681:
12664:
12658:
12657:
12655:
12653:
12637:
12631:
12630:
12600:
12594:
12593:
12583:
12557:
12551:
12550:
12544:
12536:
12534:
12523:
12517:
12516:
12514:
12512:
12497:
12491:
12490:
12488:
12486:
12425:
12419:
12418:
12408:
12358:
12349:
12348:
12338:
12296:
12287:
12286:
12276:
12234:
12228:
12227:
12225:
12223:
12202:
12196:
12195:
12193:
12191:
12177:
12171:
12170:
12168:
12166:
12151:
12145:
12144:
12142:
12140:
12125:
12116:
12115:
12067:
12061:
12054:
12048:
12047:
12045:
12043:
12028:
12022:
12021:
11963:
11957:
11956:
11954:
11952:
11929:
11923:
11922:
11912:
11886:
11880:
11879:
11869:
11835:
11829:
11828:
11826:
11824:
11806:
11797:
11796:
11794:
11792:
11777:
11771:
11770:
11768:
11766:
11749:
11743:
11742:
11740:
11738:
11721:
11712:
11711:
11701:
11683:
11651:
11645:
11644:
11642:
11640:
11631:. Archived from
11618:
11612:
11611:
11599:
11593:
11591:
11568:
11562:
11561:
11551:
11519:
11513:
11512:
11510:
11508:
11493:
11487:
11486:
11484:
11482:
11464:
11458:
11457:
11409:
11403:
11402:
11389:
11383:
11382:
11340:
11334:
11333:
11277:
11271:
11270:
11268:
11266:
11249:
11240:
11239:
11237:
11231:. Archived from
11223:
11215:
11209:
11208:
11206:
11204:
11187:
11181:
11180:
11168:
11162:
11161:
11159:
11157:
11150:Project Drawdown
11142:
11133:
11132:
11130:
11128:
11108:
11099:
11093:
11092:
11088:
11086:
11084:
11069:
11060:
11059:
11057:
11055:
11040:
11034:
11033:
11031:
11029:
11012:
11006:
11005:
10995:
10957:
10951:
10950:
10920:
10914:
10913:
10893:
10878:
10877:
10875:
10873:
10859:
10853:
10852:
10850:
10848:
10833:
10827:
10826:
10824:
10822:
10804:
10798:
10797:
10796:
10794:
10769:
10763:
10762:
10760:
10758:
10743:
10737:
10736:
10734:
10732:
10718:
10712:
10711:
10684:
10678:
10677:
10675:
10673:
10658:
10652:
10651:
10601:
10595:
10594:
10592:
10590:
10583:Sciencedaily.com
10575:
10569:
10568:
10566:
10564:
10555:
10547:
10541:
10540:
10538:
10536:
10509:
10503:
10502:
10472:
10466:
10464:
10462:
10460:
10451:. Archived from
10445:
10439:
10438:
10437:
10435:
10394:
10388:
10387:
10385:
10383:
10364:
10358:
10357:
10355:
10353:
10339:
10333:
10332:
10330:
10328:
10309:
10303:
10302:
10295:
10289:
10288:
10277:
10271:
10270:
10263:
10257:
10256:
10254:
10252:
10234:
10228:
10227:
10225:
10223:
10213:
10207:
10206:
10195:
10189:
10188:
10186:
10184:
10169:
10163:
10162:
10146:
10140:
10139:
10130:Vaidyanathan G.
10127:
10121:
10120:
10100:
10094:
10093:
10080:
10078:
10063:
10054:
10053:
10051:
10049:
10038:"Carbon dioxide"
10034:
10028:
10027:
10015:
10009:
10008:
10001:
9995:
9994:
9992:
9990:
9973:
9967:
9966:
9946:
9940:
9939:
9937:
9935:
9916:
9910:
9909:
9907:
9905:
9900:on 21 March 2008
9896:. Archived from
9886:
9880:
9879:
9877:
9875:
9860:
9854:
9853:
9851:
9849:
9830:
9824:
9823:
9821:
9819:
9810:. Archived from
9800:
9794:
9793:
9791:
9789:
9768:
9762:
9761:
9751:
9733:
9707:
9701:
9700:
9698:
9696:
9681:
9675:
9674:
9672:
9670:
9655:
9649:
9648:
9646:
9644:
9634:
9628:
9627:
9589:
9583:
9582:
9572:
9562:
9524:
9518:
9517:
9515:
9513:
9508:on 20 March 2019
9504:. Archived from
9494:
9488:
9487:
9461:
9427:
9421:
9420:
9418:
9416:
9409:Pacific Standard
9399:
9393:
9392:
9334:
9328:
9327:
9299:
9293:
9292:
9291:
9253:
9247:
9246:
9244:
9242:
9227:
9221:
9220:
9215:
9213:
9196:
9190:
9189:
9187:
9185:
9168:
9162:
9161:
9111:
9105:
9104:
9056:
9050:
9049:
9048:
9046:
9005:
8999:
8998:
8948:
8942:
8941:
8939:
8937:
8923:
8917:
8916:
8914:
8912:
8898:
8892:
8891:
8889:
8887:
8873:
8867:
8866:
8826:
8820:
8819:
8817:
8815:
8809:
8795:
8789:
8788:
8778:
8768:
8744:
8738:
8737:
8735:
8733:
8718:
8712:
8711:
8701:
8651:
8645:
8644:
8642:
8640:
8629:
8623:
8622:
8617:
8615:
8601:
8595:
8594:
8592:
8590:
8573:
8567:
8566:
8564:
8562:
8548:
8542:
8541:
8539:
8537:
8522:
8516:
8515:
8514:. 19 April 2016.
8508:
8502:
8501:
8494:
8488:
8487:
8437:
8431:
8430:
8384:
8378:
8377:
8372:
8370:
8355:
8349:
8348:
8330:
8296:
8290:
8289:
8278:
8272:
8271:
8233:
8227:
8226:
8215:
8209:
8208:
8206:
8200:. Archived from
8195:
8186:
8180:
8179:
8169:
8159:
8125:
8119:
8118:
8076:
8056:
8048:
8042:
8041:
8039:
8037:
8021:
8015:
8014:
8012:
8010:
7993:
7987:
7986:
7975:
7969:
7968:
7958:
7940:
7914:
7908:
7907:
7897:
7887:
7863:
7857:
7856:
7854:
7852:
7838:
7832:
7831:
7829:
7827:
7812:
7806:
7805:
7803:
7801:
7785:
7779:
7778:
7776:
7774:
7760:"Climate change"
7756:
7750:
7749:
7747:
7745:
7730:
7724:
7723:
7721:
7719:
7705:
7699:
7698:
7696:
7694:
7680:
7674:
7673:
7671:
7669:
7654:
7648:
7647:
7645:
7643:
7628:
7622:
7621:
7619:
7617:
7579:
7573:
7572:
7570:
7568:
7546:
7540:
7539:
7537:
7535:
7512:
7506:
7505:
7495:
7445:
7439:
7438:
7383:
7377:
7376:
7358:
7349:
7348:
7346:
7344:
7329:
7318:
7317:
7311:
7297:
7286:
7285:
7283:
7281:
7263:
7257:
7256:
7254:
7252:
7236:
7230:
7229:
7227:
7225:
7210:
7201:
7200:
7198:
7164:
7158:
7157:
7139:
7129:
7095:
7089:
7088:
7086:
7084:
7067:
7061:
7060:
7058:
7056:
7050:
7044:. Archived from
7039:
7031:
7025:
7024:
7014:
6974:
6965:
6964:
6954:
6906:
6900:
6899:
6874:(6): e535–e547.
6861:
6848:
6847:
6827:
6821:
6820:
6810:
6778:
6772:
6771:
6769:
6767:
6732:
6726:
6725:
6715:
6675:
6669:
6668:
6624:
6618:
6617:
6607:
6589:
6563:
6554:
6553:
6543:
6525:
6501:
6495:
6494:
6484:
6434:
6428:
6427:
6425:
6423:
6408:
6391:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6354:
6348:
6347:
6332:(5th ed.).
6317:
6311:
6310:
6300:
6282:
6256:
6247:
6246:
6244:
6242:
6228:
6191:Phytoremediation
5990:Rubber pollution
5923:
5918:
5917:
5909:
5904:
5903:
5895:
5890:
5889:
5789:
5786:
5702:
5701:
5690:
5689:
5513:nitrogen dioxide
5490:nitrogen dioxide
5370:Health messages
5361:
5360:
5322:
5321:
5261:
5260:
4996:activated carbon
4943:
4872:, multicyclones)
4775:renewable source
4764:Aviation biofuel
4733:public transport
4721:public transport
4684:renewable energy
4616:superhydrophilic
4613:
4599:Titanium dioxide
4498:atmospheric SETI
4479:developing world
4455:Economic effects
4291:
4254:The source of PM
4241:oxidative stress
4225:low birth weight
4008:folliculogenesis
3888:polluted areas.
3746:diseases (IHD).
3701:
3543:
3530:renewable energy
3525:
3432:air conditioning
3386:hydrogen sulfide
3354:and be inhaled.
3319:New Delhi, India
3281:nitrogen dioxide
3251:
3250:
3219:
3195:
3180:
3173:
3159:
3158:
3144:Other pollutants
2942:dome above or a
2932:nitrogen dioxide
2793:
2790:
2784:
2775:You can help by
2757:
2756:
2749:
2718:, (5) increased
2710:, (3) increased
2595:Emission factors
2470:Stratford, Texas
2452:
2451:
2436:
2435:
2420:
2419:
2404:
2403:
2388:
2387:
2372:
2371:
2356:
2355:
2340:
2339:
2324:
2323:
2308:
2307:
2292:
2291:
2267:
2259:
2163:Agriculture and
2094:emission factors
1974:sulfur emissions
1972:, which reduced
1958:US Clean Air Act
1894:and detrimental
1866:for a number of
1770:
1763:
1756:
1742:
1741:
1355:Tropical cyclone
1267:Dry thunderstorm
1162:Tropical seasons
1105:
1104:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1053:
1052:
984:
983:
687:Chemical warfare
589:Waste management
549:Industrial waste
524:Electronic waste
509:Advertising mail
491:Phytoremediation
466:Land degradation
406:Depleted uranium
291:Overillumination
241:Invasive species
113:
90:
89:
72:nitrogen dioxide
21:
24351:
24350:
24346:
24345:
24344:
24342:
24341:
24340:
24331:Climate forcing
24316:
24315:
24314:
24309:
24287:
24252:
24232:
24218:Systems ecology
24184:Natural capital
24086:
23971:
23960:reclaimed water
23822:
23784:UPOV Convention
23632:
23427:
23336:
23310:
23306:Ozone depletion
23297:
23274:
23250:
23245:
23215:
23210:
23162:
23133:Margaret Sanger
23101:
23060:
22944:
22942:
22936:
22879:
22873:
22845:Safety scandals
22804:
22798:
22720:
22714:
22648:
22642:
22638:Social medicine
22631:Race and health
22566:Child mortality
22547:
22506:Open defecation
22388:Human nutrition
22378:Family planning
22366:Behavior change
22352:
22308:Right to health
22221:Maternal health
22211:Health politics
22162:Health literacy
22078:
22073:
22043:
22038:
21975:
21949:
21913:
21837:
21828:Systems ecology
21727:
21718:
21679:Biogeochemistry
21662:
21657:
21627:
21618:
21571:
21543:
21515:Water pollution
21505:
21472:
21441:
21396:
21378:
21296:
21262:
21259:
21229:
21224:
21216:
21214:
21204:
21161:
21147:
21115:
21064:
21013:
20980:
20919:Pharmaceuticals
20909:Oil exploration
20813:
20785:Nuclear fallout
20752:
20714:
20696:
20670:Packaging waste
20624:Deep sea mining
20550:Hazardous waste
20496:
20477:Open defecation
20431:
20397:Nuclear fallout
20392:Nuclear fission
20368:
20294:
20263:
20234:Electromagnetic
20228:
20212:
20177:
20097:Ozone depletion
19970:
19961:
19956:
19865:
19810:, constricting
19800:olfactory nerve
19742:
19583:
19561:
19542:
19541:
19540:
19525:
19524:
19520:
19513:
19511:Further reading
19508:
19507:
19493:
19484:
19480:
19463:
19459:
19449:
19447:
19439:
19438:
19434:
19424:
19422:
19414:
19413:
19409:
19404:
19400:
19345:
19341:
19278:
19274:
19259:
19255:
19208:
19204:
19165:
19158:
19141:
19134:
19121:
19120:
19116:
19101:
19097:
19087:
19085:
19081:
19080:
19076:
19066:
19064:
19056:
19055:
19051:
19028:
19024:
18977:
18970:
18955:
18951:
18941:
18939:
18927:
18923:
18913:
18911:
18907:
18896:
18892:
18891:
18887:
18877:
18875:
18863:
18856:
18846:
18844:
18838:
18834:
18824:
18822:
18808:
18804:
18795:
18791:
18781:
18779:
18769:
18765:
18764:
18760:
18750:
18748:
18744:Europa (1996).
18742:
18735:
18725:
18723:
18722:on 29 June 2022
18710:
18709:
18705:
18695:
18693:
18692:. 16 April 2008
18684:
18683:
18679:
18669:
18667:
18658:
18657:
18653:
18643:
18641:
18631:
18627:
18622:on 11 May 2011.
18614:(11 May 2011).
18609:
18605:
18595:
18593:
18585:
18584:
18580:
18570:
18568:
18560:
18559:
18555:
18545:
18543:
18535:
18534:
18530:
18481:
18477:
18467:
18465:
18464:. 15 April 2021
18456:
18455:
18451:
18441:
18439:
18427:
18422:
18421:
18417:
18407:
18405:
18392:
18391:
18387:
18340:
18336:
18297:
18293:
18240:
18236:
18181:
18177:
18167:
18165:
18157:
18156:
18152:
18142:
18140:
18130:
18126:
18101:
18097:
18087:
18085:
18077:
18076:
18072:
18017:
18013:
17986:
17982:
17972:
17970:
17962:
17961:
17957:
17947:
17945:
17944:. 23 March 2017
17936:
17935:
17931:
17921:
17919:
17914:
17913:
17909:
17899:
17897:
17885:
17881:
17871:
17869:
17857:
17853:
17814:
17810:
17769:
17765:
17730:
17726:
17694:
17687:
17677:
17675:
17664:
17663:
17659:
17642:
17638:
17569:
17565:
17555:
17553:
17545:
17544:
17540:
17535:
17531:
17498:
17494:
17484:
17482:
17475:
17468:
17464:
17433:(5): CD010919.
17417:
17413:
17364:
17360:
17305:
17301:
17248:
17244:
17211:
17207:
17200:
17178:
17174:
17166:
17127:
17121:
17117:
17062:
17058:
17045:Chakrabarti S.
17043:
17039:
16974:
16970:
16960:
16958:
16948:
16947:
16943:
16933:
16931:
16923:The Independent
16912:
16908:
16889:
16885:
16875:
16873:
16863:
16859:
16849:
16847:
16843:
16836:
16830:
16826:
16767:
16763:
16694:
16690:
16631:
16627:
16592:
16588:
16578:
16576:
16566:
16562:
16511:
16507:
16452:
16448:
16377:
16373:
16318:
16314:
16304:
16302:
16287:
16286:
16282:
16272:
16270:
16260:
16256:
16240:
16239:
16221:
16217:
16207:
16205:
16196:
16195:
16191:
16181:
16179:
16169:
16165:
16112:
16108:
16040:
16033:
16029:
15966:
15962:
15907:
15900:
15837:
15833:
15821:
15817:
15788:(11): 1505–18.
15781:Sports Medicine
15772:
15768:
15713:
15709:
15648:
15644:
15634:
15632:
15624:
15623:
15619:
15607:
15603:
15602:
15598:
15591:
15575:
15571:
15519:
15513:
15504:
15441:
15437:
15398:
15394:
15331:
15327:
15282:
15278:
15217:
15213:
15152:
15148:
15101:
15097:
15048:(11): e111670.
15032:
15028:
14981:
14977:
14930:
14926:
14913:
14906:
14895:
14894:
14887:
14877:
14875:
14825:
14821:
14758:
14749:
14710:
14706:
14659:
14655:
14600:
14593:
14532:
14528:
14473:
14469:
14410:
14406:
14351:
14347:
14292:
14277:
14224:
14220:
14171:
14167:
14102:
14098:
14043:
14039:
14006:
14002:
13961:
13954:
13893:
13889:
13879:
13877:
13866:
13865:
13858:
13848:
13846:
13834:
13830:
13820:
13818:
13810:
13809:
13805:
13766:
13762:
13697:
13693:
13661:10.1.1.541.1258
13642:
13638:
13634:1965;I:445–448.
13629:
13625:
13615:
13613:
13605:
13604:
13600:
13590:
13588:
13578:
13574:
13559:
13555:
13518:
13514:
13481:
13477:
13436:
13432:
13399:
13395:
13340:
13336:
13305:(21): 2331–78.
13289:
13285:
13236:(5): e0127014.
13220:
13216:
13179:
13175:
13142:
13138:
13090:
13086:
13047:
13040:
12979:
12972:
12911:
12907:
12852:
12848:
12838:
12836:
12828:
12827:
12823:
12813:
12811:
12801:
12797:
12787:
12785:
12773:
12769:
12759:
12757:
12742:
12738:
12728:
12726:
12718:
12717:
12713:
12703:
12701:
12698:
12696:"EPA slideshow"
12694:
12693:
12689:
12679:
12677:
12665:
12661:
12651:
12649:
12639:
12638:
12634:
12601:
12597:
12574:(24): 3043–51.
12558:
12554:
12538:
12537:
12532:
12524:
12520:
12510:
12508:
12498:
12494:
12484:
12482:
12426:
12422:
12359:
12352:
12297:
12290:
12235:
12231:
12221:
12219:
12204:
12203:
12199:
12189:
12187:
12179:
12178:
12174:
12164:
12162:
12153:
12152:
12148:
12138:
12136:
12127:
12126:
12119:
12068:
12064:
12055:
12051:
12041:
12039:
12030:
12029:
12025:
11964:
11960:
11950:
11948:
11930:
11926:
11887:
11883:
11836:
11832:
11822:
11820:
11808:
11807:
11800:
11790:
11788:
11778:
11774:
11764:
11762:
11750:
11746:
11736:
11734:
11722:
11715:
11652:
11648:
11638:
11636:
11619:
11615:
11600:
11596:
11569:
11565:
11520:
11516:
11506:
11504:
11494:
11490:
11480:
11478:
11466:
11465:
11461:
11410:
11406:
11391:
11390:
11386:
11363:
11341:
11337:
11278:
11274:
11264:
11262:
11250:
11243:
11238:on 24 May 2011.
11235:
11221:
11217:
11216:
11212:
11202:
11200:
11189:
11188:
11184:
11169:
11165:
11155:
11153:
11144:
11143:
11136:
11126:
11124:
11109:
11102:
11090:
11082:
11080:
11071:
11070:
11063:
11053:
11051:
11042:
11041:
11037:
11027:
11025:
11013:
11009:
10958:
10954:
10921:
10917:
10910:
10894:
10881:
10871:
10869:
10861:
10860:
10856:
10846:
10844:
10835:
10834:
10830:
10820:
10818:
10806:
10805:
10801:
10792:
10790:
10788:
10770:
10766:
10756:
10754:
10744:
10740:
10730:
10728:
10720:
10719:
10715:
10708:
10686:
10685:
10681:
10671:
10669:
10668:. 14 March 2023
10660:
10659:
10655:
10602:
10598:
10588:
10586:
10577:
10576:
10572:
10562:
10560:
10553:
10549:
10548:
10544:
10534:
10532:
10530:
10510:
10506:
10473:
10469:
10458:
10456:
10447:
10446:
10442:
10433:
10431:
10421:
10395:
10391:
10381:
10379:
10366:
10365:
10361:
10351:
10349:
10341:
10340:
10336:
10326:
10324:
10310:
10306:
10297:
10296:
10292:
10284:
10279:
10278:
10274:
10265:
10264:
10260:
10250:
10248:
10241:
10236:
10235:
10231:
10221:
10219:
10215:
10214:
10210:
10197:
10196:
10192:
10182:
10180:
10170:
10166:
10154:
10147:
10143:
10128:
10124:
10114:
10102:
10101:
10097:
10090:
10086:
10076:
10074:
10073:. UK Government
10065:
10064:
10057:
10047:
10045:
10036:
10035:
10031:
10016:
10012:
10003:
10002:
9998:
9988:
9986:
9974:
9970:
9963:
9949:Hidy G (2012).
9947:
9943:
9933:
9931:
9917:
9913:
9903:
9901:
9888:
9887:
9883:
9873:
9871:
9862:
9861:
9857:
9847:
9845:
9832:
9831:
9827:
9817:
9815:
9802:
9801:
9797:
9787:
9785:
9770:
9769:
9765:
9708:
9704:
9694:
9692:
9682:
9678:
9668:
9666:
9657:
9656:
9652:
9642:
9640:
9636:
9635:
9631:
9590:
9586:
9545:(22): 8835–40.
9525:
9521:
9511:
9509:
9496:
9495:
9491:
9428:
9424:
9414:
9412:
9400:
9396:
9335:
9331:
9300:
9296:
9280:
9254:
9250:
9240:
9238:
9229:
9228:
9224:
9211:
9209:
9208:. 15 April 2016
9198:
9197:
9193:
9183:
9181:
9169:
9165:
9112:
9108:
9057:
9053:
9044:
9042:
9032:
9006:
9002:
8949:
8945:
8935:
8933:
8925:
8924:
8920:
8910:
8908:
8900:
8899:
8895:
8885:
8883:
8875:
8874:
8870:
8827:
8823:
8813:
8811:
8807:
8796:
8792:
8745:
8741:
8731:
8729:
8719:
8715:
8652:
8648:
8638:
8636:
8631:
8630:
8626:
8613:
8611:
8603:
8602:
8598:
8588:
8586:
8574:
8570:
8560:
8558:
8550:
8549:
8545:
8535:
8533:
8524:
8523:
8519:
8510:
8509:
8505:
8496:
8495:
8491:
8438:
8434:
8385:
8381:
8368:
8366:
8356:
8352:
8297:
8293:
8280:
8279:
8275:
8234:
8230:
8225:and UNEP. 2011.
8217:
8216:
8212:
8207:on 9 July 2012.
8204:
8193:
8187:
8183:
8126:
8122:
8049:
8045:
8035:
8033:
8023:
8022:
8018:
8008:
8006:
7995:
7994:
7990:
7977:
7976:
7972:
7915:
7911:
7864:
7860:
7850:
7848:
7840:
7839:
7835:
7825:
7823:
7814:
7813:
7809:
7799:
7797:
7787:
7786:
7782:
7772:
7770:
7758:
7757:
7753:
7743:
7741:
7735:"ClimateChange"
7731:
7727:
7717:
7715:
7713:iea.uoregon.edu
7707:
7706:
7702:
7692:
7690:
7682:
7681:
7677:
7667:
7665:
7655:
7651:
7641:
7639:
7630:
7629:
7625:
7615:
7613:
7597:(11): 311–314.
7580:
7576:
7566:
7564:
7562:
7548:
7547:
7543:
7533:
7531:
7529:
7513:
7509:
7446:
7442:
7384:
7380:
7360:
7359:
7352:
7342:
7340:
7330:
7321:
7309:
7298:
7289:
7279:
7277:
7265:
7264:
7260:
7250:
7248:
7238:
7237:
7233:
7223:
7221:
7212:
7211:
7204:
7165:
7161:
7096:
7092:
7082:
7080:
7069:
7068:
7064:
7054:
7052:
7048:
7037:
7033:
7032:
7028:
6975:
6968:
6907:
6903:
6862:
6851:
6844:
6828:
6824:
6779:
6775:
6765:
6763:
6733:
6729:
6676:
6672:
6625:
6621:
6580:(9): e1003718.
6564:
6557:
6502:
6498:
6435:
6431:
6421:
6419:
6418:. 25 March 2014
6410:
6409:
6394:
6385:
6383:
6381:
6355:
6351:
6344:
6336:. p. 134.
6318:
6314:
6257:
6250:
6240:
6238:
6232:"Air pollution"
6230:
6229:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6146:Indicator value
6042:Intake fraction
5919:
5912:
5905:
5898:
5891:
5884:
5881:
5865:
5847:Bhiwadi, India
5765:
5759:
5753:
5705:AirVisual Earth
5699:
5693:External videos
5668:
5658:
5652:
5635:
5602:
5593:
5557:
5551:
5540:
5529:carbon monoxide
5526:
5518:
5503:
5499:
5495:
5232:
5204:
5202:Air quality law
5198:
5170:
5164:
5144:
5134:
5128:
5123:
5053:
4942:
4936:
4835:
4833:Control devices
4830:
4806:
4705:
4665:hybrid vehicles
4661:fuel efficiency
4649:string trimmers
4631:
4612:
4606:
4577:
4570:
4545:
4514:Bhopal Disaster
4510:
4503:
4494:
4487:
4469:
4457:
4448:
4430:
4416:
4409:
4405:
4393:
4321:
4315:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4290:
4286:
4284:
4280:
4269:
4257:
4249:
4239:and increasing
4234:
4230:
4217:
4202:
4166:
4150:
4115:
4107:
4099:
4080:
4076:
4064:carbon monoxide
4061:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4034:
4027:
4016:
3983:
3963:
3956:
3943:live birth rate
3940:
3935:
3932:
3926:
3914:atherosclerosis
3907:
3898:
3886:
3882:
3870:
3866:
3859:
3855:
3835:
3826:
3814:cystic fibrosis
3806:
3760:
3752:atherosclerosis
3736:
3715:
3709:
3693:
3668:
3659:
3653:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3609:
3596:life expectancy
3583:
3574:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3526:
3507:
3448:
3303:
3295:Main articles:
3293:
3286:
3262:
3255:
3252:
3239:
3234:
3220:
3211:
3196:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3170:
3146:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3109:
3105:
3097:
3085:
3069:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
2949:
2929:
2924:Nitrogen oxides
2907:Carbon monoxide
2902:
2893:limnic eruption
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2861:
2852:
2840:
2828:
2813:pharmaceuticals
2810:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2774:
2758:
2754:
2747:
2724:nitrogen oxides
2696:
2688:Main articles:
2686:
2665:water pollution
2603:
2597:
2559:
2555:
2529:carbon monoxide
2462:
2460:Natural sources
2453:
2449:
2448:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2331:Lamb and mutton
2325:
2321:
2320:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2276:
2252:nitrogen oxides
2233:, toxic gases,
2231:Nuclear weapons
2179:, agriculture,
1998:
1986:
1948:, according to
1935:economic system
1917:
1845:Earth's climate
1826:ozone depletion
1794:carbon monoxide
1774:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1706:
1698:
1697:
1556:
1546:
1545:
1458:
1448:
1447:
1436:Ground blizzard
1196:
1186:
1185:
1164:
1154:
1153:
1129:
1099:
1061:
1059:
1047:
1040:
1039:
939:
931:
930:
904:
896:
895:
831:Pharmaceuticals
811:Nonpoint source
751:
741:
740:
709:Nuclear fallout
682:
672:
671:
642:
632:
631:
622:
612:
611:
602:
594:
593:
579:Packaging waste
544:Hazardous waste
504:
496:
495:
456:
446:
445:
416:Nuclear fallout
411:Nuclear fission
391:
381:
380:
346:
336:
335:
311:
303:
302:
276:
274:Electromagnetic
266:
265:
256:
248:
247:
221:
211:
210:
181:Ozone depletion
126:
116:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
24349:
24339:
24338:
24333:
24328:
24311:
24310:
24308:
24307:
24296:
24293:
24292:
24289:
24288:
24286:
24285:
24276:
24271:
24266:
24261:
24256:
24253:(perpetuation)
24248:
24242:
24240:
24234:
24233:
24231:
24230:
24225:
24220:
24215:
24214:
24213:
24206:Nature reserve
24203:
24198:
24197:
24196:
24191:
24181:
24180:
24179:
24169:
24168:
24167:
24162:
24152:
24147:
24146:
24145:
24140:
24130:
24129:
24128:
24123:
24118:
24113:
24102:
24096:
24092:
24091:
24088:
24087:
24085:
24084:
24083:
24082:
24077:
24067:
24062:
24057:
24052:
24047:
24042:
24037:
24032:
24027:
24022:
24017:
24012:
24011:
24010:
24000:
23995:
23990:
23985:
23979:
23977:
23973:
23972:
23970:
23969:
23964:
23963:
23962:
23952:
23947:
23942:
23941:
23940:
23930:
23925:
23924:
23923:
23911:
23910:
23909:
23904:
23899:
23889:
23884:
23883:
23882:
23877:
23872:
23862:
23857:
23852:
23851:
23850:
23839:
23837:
23830:
23824:
23823:
23821:
23820:
23819:
23818:
23813:
23803:
23798:
23793:
23792:
23791:
23786:
23781:
23776:
23771:
23766:
23761:
23751:
23746:
23741:
23736:
23735:
23734:
23724:
23723:
23722:
23717:
23712:
23707:
23697:
23696:
23695:
23690:
23685:
23683:climate change
23675:
23670:
23665:
23660:
23659:
23658:
23651:Bioprospecting
23648:
23642:
23640:
23634:
23633:
23631:
23630:
23629:
23628:
23623:
23613:
23612:
23611:
23606:
23601:
23596:
23586:
23585:
23584:
23579:
23578:
23577:
23572:
23562:
23561:
23560:
23555:
23545:
23544:
23543:
23533:
23528:
23518:
23517:
23516:
23506:
23505:
23504:
23494:
23493:
23492:
23487:
23482:
23477:
23467:
23462:
23457:
23456:
23455:
23454:
23453:
23437:
23435:
23429:
23428:
23426:
23425:
23420:
23419:
23418:
23413:
23403:
23398:
23393:
23388:
23366:
23361:
23356:
23350:
23348:
23342:
23341:
23338:
23337:
23335:
23334:
23329:
23324:
23318:
23316:
23312:
23311:
23309:
23308:
23303:
23302:
23301:
23296:Clean Air Act
23288:
23283:
23278:
23269:
23267:
23258:
23252:
23251:
23244:
23243:
23236:
23229:
23221:
23212:
23211:
23209:
23208:
23196:
23184:
23171:
23168:
23167:
23164:
23163:
23161:
23160:
23155:
23150:
23145:
23140:
23135:
23130:
23125:
23120:
23115:
23109:
23107:
23103:
23102:
23100:
23099:
23098:
23097:
23092:
23087:
23082:
23074:
23068:
23066:
23062:
23061:
23059:
23058:
23051:
23046:
23041:
23040:
23039:
23034:
23029:
23024:
23016:
23015:
23014:
23009:
23001:
23000:
22999:
22991:
22990:
22989:
22984:
22976:
22975:
22974:
22966:
22965:
22964:
22955:
22953:
22946:
22941:Organizations,
22938:
22937:
22935:
22934:
22929:
22924:
22919:
22914:
22909:
22904:
22899:
22894:
22889:
22883:
22881:
22875:
22874:
22872:
22871:
22870:
22869:
22864:
22854:
22849:
22848:
22847:
22842:
22837:
22832:
22827:
22822:
22817:
22808:
22806:
22800:
22799:
22797:
22796:
22791:
22786:
22781:
22776:
22771:
22766:
22765:
22764:
22754:
22753:
22752:
22742:
22741:
22740:
22730:
22724:
22722:
22716:
22715:
22713:
22712:
22707:
22706:
22705:
22697:
22688:
22683:
22678:
22668:
22663:
22658:
22652:
22650:
22647:Biological and
22644:
22643:
22641:
22640:
22635:
22634:
22633:
22628:
22623:
22613:
22608:
22606:Multimorbidity
22603:
22598:
22593:
22588:
22583:
22578:
22573:
22568:
22563:
22557:
22555:
22549:
22548:
22546:
22545:
22543:Vector control
22540:
22535:
22530:
22528:School hygiene
22525:
22524:
22523:
22518:
22513:
22511:Sanitary sewer
22508:
22503:
22498:
22488:
22483:
22478:
22477:
22476:
22469:Patient safety
22466:
22465:
22464:
22459:
22454:
22449:
22444:
22439:
22429:
22428:
22427:
22422:
22417:
22412:
22402:
22401:
22400:
22395:
22385:
22380:
22375:
22374:
22373:
22362:
22360:
22354:
22353:
22351:
22350:
22345:
22340:
22335:
22330:
22325:
22320:
22315:
22310:
22305:
22300:
22295:
22290:
22285:
22284:
22283:
22278:
22273:
22268:
22263:
22253:
22248:
22243:
22233:
22228:
22223:
22218:
22213:
22208:
22207:
22206:
22201:
22191:
22186:
22181:
22180:
22179:
22174:
22164:
22159:
22154:
22152:Harm reduction
22149:
22144:
22139:
22134:
22133:
22132:
22127:
22117:
22112:
22107:
22102:
22097:
22092:
22086:
22084:
22080:
22079:
22072:
22071:
22064:
22057:
22049:
22040:
22039:
22037:
22036:
22024:
22012:
22000:
21999:
21998:
21980:
21977:
21976:
21974:
21973:
21971:Technogaianism
21968:
21966:Sustainability
21963:
21957:
21955:
21951:
21950:
21948:
21947:
21942:
21937:
21932:
21927:
21921:
21919:
21915:
21914:
21912:
21911:
21906:
21901:
21896:
21891:
21886:
21881:
21876:
21871:
21866:
21861:
21856:
21851:
21845:
21843:
21839:
21838:
21836:
21835:
21830:
21825:
21820:
21815:
21810:
21805:
21800:
21795:
21790:
21785:
21784:
21783:
21773:
21768:
21763:
21758:
21753:
21752:
21751:
21741:
21735:
21733:
21732:Related fields
21729:
21728:
21721:
21719:
21717:
21716:
21711:
21706:
21701:
21696:
21691:
21686:
21681:
21676:
21670:
21668:
21664:
21663:
21656:
21655:
21648:
21641:
21633:
21624:
21623:
21620:
21619:
21617:
21616:
21611:
21606:
21601:
21596:
21595:
21594:
21583:
21581:
21577:
21576:
21573:
21572:
21570:
21569:
21564:
21559:
21553:
21551:
21545:
21544:
21542:
21541:
21535:
21533:
21524:
21517:
21511:
21510:
21507:
21506:
21504:
21503:
21498:
21497:
21496:
21491:
21489:Operation Haze
21480:
21478:
21474:
21473:
21471:
21470:
21465:
21460:
21455:
21449:
21447:
21443:
21442:
21440:
21439:
21434:
21429:
21424:
21419:
21414:
21408:
21406:
21402:
21401:
21398:
21397:
21395:
21394:
21388:
21386:
21380:
21379:
21377:
21376:
21371:
21366:
21361:
21356:
21351:
21346:
21341:
21336:
21331:
21326:
21321:
21316:
21310:
21308:
21298:
21297:
21295:
21294:
21288:
21286:
21277:
21270:
21264:
21263:
21258:
21257:
21250:
21243:
21235:
21226:
21225:
21166:
21163:
21162:
21160:
21159:
21154:
21149:
21145:
21141:
21136:
21134:Law by country
21131:
21125:
21123:
21117:
21116:
21114:
21113:
21108:
21103:
21098:
21093:
21088:
21083:
21078:
21072:
21070:
21066:
21065:
21063:
21062:
21057:
21052:
21047:
21042:
21037:
21032:
21027:
21021:
21019:
21015:
21014:
21012:
21011:
21006:
21005:
21004:
20999:
20988:
20986:
20982:
20981:
20979:
20978:
20973:
20968:
20963:
20958:
20956:Surface runoff
20953:
20948:
20943:
20938:
20937:
20936:
20931:
20921:
20916:
20911:
20906:
20901:
20896:
20891:
20886:
20881:
20880:
20879:
20869:
20864:
20859:
20854:
20849:
20844:
20842:Eutrophication
20839:
20834:
20829:
20823:
20821:
20815:
20814:
20812:
20811:
20806:
20801:
20799:Scorched earth
20796:
20793:nuclear winter
20789:nuclear famine
20778:
20768:
20762:
20760:
20754:
20753:
20751:
20750:
20745:
20740:
20735:
20730:
20724:
20722:
20716:
20715:
20713:
20712:
20706:
20704:
20698:
20697:
20695:
20694:
20693:
20692:
20687:
20677:
20672:
20667:
20666:
20665:
20655:
20650:
20649:
20648:
20638:
20637:
20636:
20634:Uranium mining
20631:
20626:
20621:
20619:Surface mining
20616:
20611:
20601:
20596:
20595:
20594:
20584:
20583:
20582:
20577:
20572:
20570:Lead poisoning
20567:
20562:
20560:Chemical waste
20557:
20547:
20542:
20537:
20532:
20531:
20530:
20520:
20515:
20510:
20504:
20502:
20498:
20497:
20495:
20494:
20489:
20484:
20479:
20474:
20472:Bioremediation
20469:
20464:
20463:
20462:
20457:
20452:
20441:
20439:
20433:
20432:
20430:
20429:
20424:
20419:
20414:
20409:
20404:
20399:
20394:
20389:
20387:Bioremediation
20384:
20378:
20376:
20370:
20369:
20367:
20366:
20361:
20358:
20355:
20352:
20351:
20350:
20340:
20335:
20334:
20333:
20328:
20323:
20318:
20313:
20308:Transportation
20304:
20302:
20296:
20295:
20293:
20292:
20287:
20282:
20277:
20271:
20269:
20265:
20264:
20262:
20261:
20256:
20255:
20254:
20249:
20238:
20236:
20230:
20229:
20227:
20226:
20220:
20218:
20214:
20213:
20211:
20210:
20209:
20208:
20198:
20193:
20187:
20185:
20179:
20178:
20176:
20175:
20170:
20165:
20164:
20163:
20153:
20152:
20151:
20141:
20136:
20131:
20130:
20129:
20124:
20119:
20114:
20109:
20099:
20094:
20089:
20084:
20082:Global dimming
20079:
20074:
20069:
20068:
20067:
20057:
20056:
20055:
20053:Diesel exhaust
20045:
20040:
20039:
20038:
20028:
20027:
20026:
20021:
20016:
20011:
20001:
19996:
19991:
19986:
19980:
19978:
19972:
19971:
19966:
19963:
19962:
19955:
19954:
19947:
19940:
19932:
19926:
19925:
19915:
19909:
19903:
19898:
19893:
19890:AQI Calculator
19887:
19882:
19877:
19871:
19864:
19863:External links
19861:
19860:
19859:
19852:
19842:
19839:
19786:and reach the
19746:
19740:
19727:
19686:
19679:
19666:
19659:
19652:
19642:
19635:
19625:
19599:Brimblecombe P
19595:
19581:
19569:Brimblecombe P
19565:
19559:
19547:Brimblecombe P
19539:
19538:
19533:
19527:
19526:
19515:
19514:
19512:
19509:
19506:
19505:
19478:
19457:
19432:
19407:
19398:
19339:
19272:
19253:
19224:(3): S649–56.
19202:
19174:Health Affairs
19156:
19132:
19114:
19111:on 8 May 2014.
19095:
19074:
19049:
19022:
18993:(4): 367–388.
18968:
18949:
18921:
18885:
18854:
18832:
18821:on 11 May 2011
18802:
18789:
18758:
18733:
18703:
18677:
18651:
18625:
18603:
18578:
18553:
18528:
18475:
18449:
18425:
18415:
18385:
18334:
18291:
18234:
18175:
18150:
18124:
18119:10.3386/w24410
18095:
18070:
18011:
17980:
17955:
17929:
17907:
17879:
17851:
17808:
17763:
17724:
17685:
17657:
17636:
17563:
17538:
17529:
17510:(7): 395–399.
17492:
17473:
17462:
17411:
17358:
17299:
17242:
17205:
17198:
17172:
17115:
17056:
17037:
16968:
16941:
16906:
16901:10.3386/w30715
16883:
16871:UN Environment
16857:
16846:on 15 May 2011
16824:
16761:
16688:
16625:
16606:(3): 166–172.
16586:
16560:
16505:
16446:
16371:
16312:
16280:
16254:
16235:10.3386/w30626
16215:
16189:
16163:
16126:(9): 939–945.
16106:
16038:
16027:
15960:
15898:
15831:
15815:
15766:
15707:
15642:
15630:Africa Renewal
15617:
15596:
15589:
15569:
15502:
15435:
15392:
15347:(3): 363–373.
15325:
15276:
15211:
15146:
15117:(3): 380–386.
15095:
15026:
14997:(6): 921–926.
14975:
14924:
14904:
14885:
14819:
14747:
14704:
14653:
14591:
14526:
14467:
14404:
14345:
14275:
14238:(3): 311–319.
14218:
14165:
14096:
14037:
14000:
13952:
13887:
13856:
13828:
13803:
13782:(5): 1024–33.
13760:
13691:
13636:
13623:
13598:
13572:
13553:
13512:
13475:
13448:(4): 455–461.
13430:
13411:(6): 596–603.
13393:
13356:(9): 1011–16.
13334:
13283:
13214:
13173:
13136:
13101:(9): 913–924.
13084:
13038:
12993:(6): 779–800.
12970:
12905:
12846:
12821:
12795:
12767:
12750:Sacramento Bee
12736:
12711:
12687:
12659:
12632:
12613:(4): 395–400.
12595:
12552:
12518:
12492:
12420:
12350:
12288:
12229:
12197:
12172:
12146:
12117:
12062:
12049:
12023:
11958:
11924:
11881:
11858:10.1289/EHP197
11830:
11798:
11772:
11744:
11713:
11646:
11613:
11594:
11563:
11514:
11488:
11459:
11404:
11384:
11361:
11335:
11292:(2): 362–367.
11272:
11241:
11210:
11182:
11177:The New Yorker
11163:
11134:
11100:
11061:
11050:. 14 June 2022
11035:
11007:
10952:
10915:
10908:
10879:
10854:
10828:
10799:
10786:
10764:
10738:
10713:
10706:
10679:
10653:
10596:
10585:. 23 July 2009
10570:
10542:
10528:
10504:
10485:(5): 1117–21.
10467:
10455:on 3 June 2010
10440:
10419:
10405:, IntechOpen,
10389:
10378:on 7 June 2022
10359:
10334:
10304:
10290:
10282:
10272:
10258:
10239:
10229:
10208:
10190:
10164:
10152:
10141:
10122:
10112:
10095:
10088:
10084:
10055:
10029:
10010:
9996:
9968:
9961:
9941:
9911:
9881:
9855:
9844:. 19 June 2009
9825:
9814:on 7 July 2010
9795:
9763:
9702:
9676:
9650:
9629:
9584:
9519:
9489:
9422:
9394:
9329:
9294:
9278:
9248:
9222:
9191:
9163:
9106:
9051:
9030:
9016:, IntechOpen,
9000:
8943:
8918:
8906:www.ucsusa.org
8893:
8868:
8821:
8790:
8739:
8713:
8661:Earth's Future
8646:
8624:
8596:
8568:
8543:
8517:
8503:
8489:
8432:
8379:
8350:
8291:
8273:
8228:
8210:
8181:
8120:
8043:
8016:
7988:
7970:
7909:
7858:
7833:
7807:
7780:
7751:
7739:United Nations
7725:
7700:
7675:
7649:
7623:
7583:Brimblecombe P
7574:
7560:
7541:
7527:
7507:
7462:(6): 683–694.
7440:
7378:
7350:
7319:
7314:The World Bank
7287:
7258:
7231:
7202:
7159:
7090:
7079:. 26 June 2016
7062:
7026:
6966:
6901:
6849:
6842:
6822:
6773:
6727:
6670:
6619:
6555:
6496:
6451:(2): 180–191.
6429:
6392:
6379:
6349:
6342:
6312:
6248:
6217:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6161:Kyoto Protocol
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6137:
6132:
6126:
6124:Global dimming
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6059:Air stagnation
6050:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6018:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5935:Beehive burner
5926:
5925:
5924:
5910:
5896:
5880:
5877:
5864:
5861:
5855:
5854:
5851:
5848:
5844:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5833:
5832:
5829:
5826:
5822:
5821:
5818:
5815:
5811:
5810:
5807:
5804:
5800:
5799:
5796:
5793:
5752:
5749:
5710:
5709:
5695:
5694:
5654:Main article:
5651:
5648:
5634:
5631:
5600:
5591:
5550:
5547:
5539:
5536:
5524:
5521:sulfur dioxide
5519:), as well as
5516:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5484:
5483:
5477:
5463:
5458:
5452:
5451:
5445:
5439:
5434:
5428:
5427:
5421:
5415:
5410:
5404:
5403:
5397:
5391:
5386:
5380:
5379:
5376:
5372:
5371:
5368:
5365:
5353:
5352:
5346:
5340:
5334:
5328:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5231:
5228:
5200:Main article:
5197:
5194:
5166:Main article:
5163:
5160:
5147:Spatiotemporal
5127:
5124:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5113:
5105:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5088:
5085:
5074:
5073:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5051:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5035:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4982:
4981:
4980:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4958:
4952:
4950:LO-NOx burners
4938:
4932:
4931:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4885:
4879:
4873:
4860:
4834:
4831:
4828:§ Sources
4824:
4823:
4819:
4815:slash and burn
4808:
4804:
4801:
4793:
4789:
4778:
4771:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4704:
4701:
4630:
4627:
4608:
4576:
4573:
4568:
4544:
4541:
4531:spores from a
4509:
4506:
4501:
4493:
4490:
4485:
4467:
4456:
4453:
4447:
4444:
4428:
4415:
4412:
4407:
4403:
4391:
4314:
4311:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4288:
4282:
4278:
4275:sulfur dioxide
4267:
4255:
4247:
4232:
4228:
4216:
4213:
4200:
4165:
4162:
4149:
4146:
4125:embryo quality
4113:
4105:
4098:
4095:
4078:
4074:
4059:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4032:
4025:
4015:
4012:
4001:sperm motility
3982:
3979:
3962:
3959:
3954:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3905:
3897:
3896:Kidney disease
3894:
3884:
3880:
3868:
3864:
3857:
3853:
3833:
3825:
3822:
3804:
3775:bronchiectasis
3759:
3756:
3744:ischemic heart
3735:
3732:
3711:Main article:
3708:
3705:
3694:air pollution
3691:
3685:Diesel exhaust
3666:
3657:§ Sources
3652:
3649:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3621:sulfur dioxide
3607:
3592:European Union
3582:
3579:
3573:
3570:
3545:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3527:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3506:
3503:
3447:
3446:Health effects
3444:
3359:air fresheners
3292:
3289:
3284:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3237:
3235:
3221:
3214:
3212:
3208:sulfur dioxide
3197:
3190:
3185:
3184:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3107:
3103:
3095:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3072:global warming
3067:
3061:
3050:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3012:
3007:: Produced by
3002:
2996:
2990:
2968:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2927:
2921:
2915:
2904:
2900:
2888:asphyxiant gas
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2859:
2850:
2847:greenhouse gas
2838:
2826:
2823:Carbon dioxide
2820:
2808:
2796:
2795:
2761:
2759:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2685:
2682:
2599:Main article:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2573:
2557:
2553:
2543:
2525:
2495:
2481:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2447:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2431:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2415:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2399:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2383:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2367:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2351:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2335:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2319:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2303:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2287:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2238:
2228:
2221:
2214:aerosol sprays
2194:
2193:
2185:greenhouse gas
2169:slash-and-burn
2161:
2158:climate change
2126:motor vehicles
2122:Mobile sources
2119:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2107:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2079:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2041:Chinese temple
1997:
1994:
1985:
1982:
1915:
1836:(for example,
1822:climate change
1802:nitrous oxides
1798:sulfur dioxide
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1716:Climate change
1713:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1663:
1658:
1651:Severe weather
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1557:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1485:Megacryometeor
1477:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1057:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
1000:Law by country
997:
989:
988:
982:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
940:
937:
936:
933:
932:
929:
928:
927:
926:
921:
911:
905:
902:
901:
898:
897:
894:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
871:Surface runoff
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
771:Eutrophication
768:
763:
758:
752:
747:
746:
743:
742:
739:
738:
733:
728:
726:Scorched earth
723:
722:
721:
719:Nuclear winter
716:
714:Nuclear famine
711:
701:
700:
699:
689:
683:
678:
677:
674:
673:
670:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
643:
638:
637:
634:
633:
630:
629:
623:
618:
617:
614:
613:
610:
609:
603:
600:
599:
596:
595:
592:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
505:
502:
501:
498:
497:
494:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
471:Bioremediation
468:
463:
457:
452:
451:
448:
447:
444:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
401:Bioremediation
398:
392:
387:
386:
383:
382:
379:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
351:Transportation
347:
342:
341:
338:
337:
334:
333:
328:
323:
318:
312:
309:
308:
305:
304:
301:
300:
298:Radio spectrum
295:
294:
293:
288:
277:
272:
271:
268:
267:
264:
263:
257:
254:
253:
250:
249:
246:
245:
244:
243:
233:
228:
222:
217:
216:
213:
212:
209:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
166:Global dimming
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
127:
122:
121:
118:
117:
114:
106:
105:
99:
98:
26:
18:Air pollutants
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
24348:
24337:
24334:
24332:
24329:
24327:
24326:Air pollution
24324:
24323:
24321:
24306:
24298:
24297:
24294:
24284:
24283:Non-renewable
24280:
24277:
24275:
24272:
24270:
24267:
24265:
24262:
24260:
24257:
24255:
24249:
24247:
24244:
24243:
24241:
24239:
24235:
24229:
24226:
24224:
24223:Urban ecology
24221:
24219:
24216:
24212:
24209:
24208:
24207:
24204:
24202:
24199:
24195:
24192:
24190:
24187:
24186:
24185:
24182:
24178:
24175:
24174:
24173:
24170:
24166:
24163:
24161:
24158:
24157:
24156:
24153:
24151:
24148:
24144:
24141:
24139:
24136:
24135:
24134:
24131:
24127:
24124:
24122:
24119:
24117:
24114:
24112:
24109:
24108:
24107:
24104:
24103:
24100:
24097:
24093:
24081:
24078:
24076:
24073:
24072:
24071:
24068:
24066:
24063:
24061:
24058:
24056:
24055:Privatization
24053:
24051:
24048:
24046:
24043:
24041:
24038:
24036:
24033:
24031:
24028:
24026:
24023:
24021:
24018:
24016:
24013:
24009:
24006:
24005:
24004:
24001:
23999:
23996:
23994:
23991:
23989:
23986:
23984:
23981:
23980:
23978:
23974:
23968:
23965:
23961:
23958:
23957:
23956:
23953:
23951:
23950:Surface water
23948:
23946:
23943:
23939:
23936:
23935:
23934:
23931:
23929:
23926:
23922:
23921:
23917:
23916:
23915:
23912:
23908:
23905:
23903:
23900:
23898:
23895:
23894:
23893:
23890:
23888:
23885:
23881:
23878:
23876:
23873:
23871:
23868:
23867:
23866:
23863:
23861:
23858:
23856:
23853:
23849:
23846:
23845:
23844:
23841:
23840:
23838:
23834:
23831:
23829:
23825:
23817:
23814:
23812:
23809:
23808:
23807:
23804:
23802:
23799:
23797:
23794:
23790:
23787:
23785:
23782:
23780:
23777:
23775:
23772:
23770:
23767:
23765:
23762:
23760:
23757:
23756:
23755:
23752:
23750:
23747:
23745:
23742:
23740:
23737:
23733:
23730:
23729:
23728:
23725:
23721:
23718:
23716:
23713:
23711:
23708:
23706:
23703:
23702:
23701:
23698:
23694:
23691:
23689:
23686:
23684:
23681:
23680:
23679:
23676:
23674:
23671:
23669:
23666:
23664:
23661:
23657:
23654:
23653:
23652:
23649:
23647:
23644:
23643:
23641:
23639:
23635:
23627:
23624:
23622:
23619:
23618:
23617:
23614:
23610:
23607:
23605:
23602:
23600:
23597:
23595:
23592:
23591:
23590:
23587:
23583:
23580:
23576:
23573:
23571:
23568:
23567:
23566:
23563:
23559:
23556:
23554:
23551:
23550:
23549:
23546:
23542:
23539:
23538:
23537:
23534:
23532:
23529:
23527:
23524:
23523:
23522:
23519:
23515:
23512:
23511:
23510:
23507:
23503:
23500:
23499:
23498:
23495:
23491:
23488:
23486:
23483:
23481:
23478:
23476:
23473:
23472:
23471:
23468:
23466:
23463:
23461:
23458:
23452:
23451:peak farmland
23449:
23448:
23447:
23444:
23443:
23442:
23439:
23438:
23436:
23434:
23430:
23424:
23421:
23417:
23414:
23412:
23409:
23408:
23407:
23404:
23402:
23399:
23397:
23394:
23392:
23389:
23386:
23382:
23378:
23374:
23370:
23367:
23365:
23362:
23360:
23357:
23355:
23352:
23351:
23349:
23347:
23343:
23333:
23330:
23328:
23325:
23323:
23320:
23319:
23317:
23313:
23307:
23304:
23300:
23294:
23293:
23292:
23289:
23287:
23284:
23282:
23279:
23277:
23271:
23270:
23268:
23266:
23262:
23259:
23257:
23253:
23249:
23242:
23237:
23235:
23230:
23228:
23223:
23222:
23219:
23207:
23206:
23197:
23195:
23194:
23185:
23183:
23182:
23173:
23172:
23169:
23159:
23156:
23154:
23151:
23149:
23146:
23144:
23141:
23139:
23136:
23134:
23131:
23129:
23128:Joseph Lister
23126:
23124:
23121:
23119:
23116:
23114:
23111:
23110:
23108:
23104:
23096:
23093:
23091:
23088:
23086:
23083:
23081:
23078:
23077:
23075:
23073:
23070:
23069:
23067:
23063:
23056:
23052:
23050:
23047:
23045:
23042:
23038:
23035:
23033:
23030:
23028:
23025:
23023:
23020:
23019:
23017:
23013:
23010:
23008:
23007:Health Canada
23005:
23004:
23002:
22998:
22995:
22994:
22992:
22988:
22985:
22983:
22980:
22979:
22977:
22973:
22970:
22969:
22967:
22963:
22960:
22959:
22957:
22956:
22954:
22952:Organizations
22950:
22947:
22939:
22933:
22930:
22928:
22925:
22923:
22920:
22918:
22915:
22913:
22910:
22908:
22905:
22903:
22900:
22898:
22895:
22893:
22890:
22888:
22885:
22884:
22882:
22876:
22868:
22865:
22863:
22860:
22859:
22858:
22855:
22853:
22850:
22846:
22843:
22841:
22838:
22836:
22833:
22831:
22828:
22826:
22823:
22821:
22818:
22816:
22813:
22812:
22810:
22809:
22807:
22801:
22795:
22792:
22790:
22789:Vaccine trial
22787:
22785:
22782:
22780:
22777:
22775:
22772:
22770:
22767:
22763:
22760:
22759:
22758:
22755:
22751:
22748:
22747:
22746:
22743:
22739:
22736:
22735:
22734:
22731:
22729:
22726:
22725:
22723:
22717:
22711:
22708:
22704:
22702:
22698:
22696:
22694:
22689:
22687:
22684:
22682:
22679:
22677:
22674:
22673:
22672:
22669:
22667:
22666:Relative risk
22664:
22662:
22659:
22657:
22654:
22653:
22651:
22645:
22639:
22636:
22632:
22629:
22627:
22626:Health equity
22624:
22622:
22619:
22618:
22617:
22614:
22612:
22609:
22607:
22604:
22602:
22599:
22597:
22594:
22592:
22591:Health system
22589:
22587:
22584:
22582:
22581:Global health
22579:
22577:
22574:
22572:
22569:
22567:
22564:
22562:
22561:Biostatistics
22559:
22558:
22556:
22554:
22550:
22544:
22541:
22539:
22536:
22534:
22531:
22529:
22526:
22522:
22519:
22517:
22514:
22512:
22509:
22507:
22504:
22502:
22499:
22497:
22494:
22493:
22492:
22489:
22487:
22484:
22482:
22479:
22475:
22472:
22471:
22470:
22467:
22463:
22460:
22458:
22455:
22453:
22450:
22448:
22445:
22443:
22440:
22438:
22435:
22434:
22433:
22430:
22426:
22423:
22421:
22418:
22416:
22413:
22411:
22408:
22407:
22406:
22403:
22399:
22396:
22394:
22391:
22390:
22389:
22386:
22384:
22381:
22379:
22376:
22372:
22369:
22368:
22367:
22364:
22363:
22361:
22359:
22355:
22349:
22346:
22344:
22341:
22339:
22336:
22334:
22331:
22329:
22326:
22324:
22321:
22319:
22316:
22314:
22311:
22309:
22306:
22304:
22303:Right to food
22301:
22299:
22296:
22294:
22291:
22289:
22286:
22282:
22279:
22277:
22274:
22272:
22269:
22267:
22264:
22262:
22259:
22258:
22257:
22254:
22252:
22249:
22247:
22244:
22241:
22237:
22236:Mental health
22234:
22232:
22229:
22227:
22224:
22222:
22219:
22217:
22214:
22212:
22209:
22205:
22202:
22200:
22197:
22196:
22195:
22192:
22190:
22187:
22185:
22184:Housing First
22182:
22178:
22175:
22173:
22172:Health system
22170:
22169:
22168:
22167:Health policy
22165:
22163:
22160:
22158:
22155:
22153:
22150:
22148:
22145:
22143:
22140:
22138:
22135:
22131:
22128:
22126:
22123:
22122:
22121:
22118:
22116:
22113:
22111:
22108:
22106:
22103:
22101:
22098:
22096:
22093:
22091:
22088:
22087:
22085:
22081:
22077:
22076:Public health
22070:
22065:
22063:
22058:
22056:
22051:
22050:
22047:
22035:
22034:
22025:
22023:
22022:
22017:
22013:
22011:
22010:
22001:
21997:
21994:
21993:
21992:
21991:
21982:
21981:
21978:
21972:
21969:
21967:
21964:
21962:
21959:
21958:
21956:
21952:
21946:
21943:
21941:
21938:
21936:
21933:
21931:
21928:
21926:
21923:
21922:
21920:
21916:
21910:
21907:
21905:
21902:
21900:
21897:
21895:
21892:
21890:
21887:
21885:
21882:
21880:
21877:
21875:
21872:
21870:
21867:
21865:
21862:
21860:
21857:
21855:
21852:
21850:
21847:
21846:
21844:
21840:
21834:
21833:Urban ecology
21831:
21829:
21826:
21824:
21821:
21819:
21816:
21814:
21811:
21809:
21806:
21804:
21801:
21799:
21796:
21794:
21791:
21789:
21786:
21782:
21779:
21778:
21777:
21774:
21772:
21769:
21767:
21764:
21762:
21759:
21757:
21754:
21750:
21747:
21746:
21745:
21742:
21740:
21737:
21736:
21734:
21730:
21725:
21715:
21712:
21710:
21707:
21705:
21702:
21700:
21697:
21695:
21692:
21690:
21687:
21685:
21682:
21680:
21677:
21675:
21672:
21671:
21669:
21665:
21661:
21654:
21649:
21647:
21642:
21640:
21635:
21634:
21631:
21615:
21612:
21610:
21607:
21605:
21602:
21600:
21597:
21593:
21590:
21589:
21588:
21585:
21584:
21582:
21578:
21568:
21565:
21563:
21560:
21558:
21555:
21554:
21552:
21550:
21546:
21540:
21537:
21536:
21534:
21532:
21528:
21525:
21521:
21518:
21516:
21512:
21502:
21499:
21495:
21492:
21490:
21487:
21486:
21485:
21482:
21481:
21479:
21475:
21469:
21466:
21464:
21461:
21459:
21456:
21454:
21451:
21450:
21448:
21444:
21438:
21435:
21433:
21430:
21428:
21425:
21423:
21420:
21418:
21415:
21413:
21410:
21409:
21407:
21403:
21393:
21390:
21389:
21387:
21385:
21381:
21375:
21372:
21370:
21369:2019 SEA haze
21367:
21365:
21364:2017 SEA haze
21362:
21360:
21359:2016 SEA haze
21357:
21355:
21352:
21350:
21349:2015 SEA haze
21347:
21345:
21344:2013 SEA haze
21342:
21340:
21339:2010 SEA haze
21337:
21335:
21334:2009 SEA haze
21332:
21330:
21329:2006 SEA haze
21327:
21325:
21322:
21320:
21317:
21315:
21314:1997 SEA haze
21312:
21311:
21309:
21307:
21303:
21299:
21293:
21290:
21289:
21287:
21285:
21281:
21278:
21274:
21271:
21269:
21268:Air pollution
21265:
21256:
21251:
21249:
21244:
21242:
21237:
21236:
21233:
21223:
21213:
21208:
21203:
21195:
21187:
21178:
21174:
21164:
21158:
21155:
21153:
21150:
21148:
21142:
21140:
21137:
21135:
21132:
21130:
21127:
21126:
21124:
21122:
21118:
21112:
21109:
21107:
21104:
21102:
21099:
21097:
21094:
21092:
21089:
21087:
21084:
21082:
21079:
21077:
21074:
21073:
21071:
21067:
21061:
21058:
21056:
21053:
21051:
21048:
21046:
21043:
21041:
21038:
21036:
21033:
21031:
21028:
21026:
21023:
21022:
21020:
21016:
21010:
21007:
21003:
21000:
20998:
20995:
20994:
20993:
20990:
20989:
20987:
20983:
20977:
20976:Water quality
20974:
20972:
20969:
20967:
20964:
20962:
20959:
20957:
20954:
20952:
20949:
20947:
20944:
20942:
20939:
20935:
20932:
20930:
20927:
20926:
20925:
20922:
20920:
20917:
20915:
20912:
20910:
20907:
20905:
20902:
20900:
20897:
20895:
20892:
20890:
20887:
20885:
20882:
20878:
20875:
20874:
20873:
20870:
20868:
20865:
20863:
20860:
20858:
20855:
20853:
20850:
20848:
20845:
20843:
20840:
20838:
20835:
20833:
20830:
20828:
20825:
20824:
20822:
20820:
20816:
20810:
20807:
20805:
20802:
20800:
20797:
20794:
20790:
20786:
20782:
20779:
20776:
20772:
20769:
20767:
20764:
20763:
20761:
20759:
20755:
20749:
20746:
20744:
20741:
20739:
20738:Traffic signs
20736:
20734:
20731:
20729:
20726:
20725:
20723:
20721:
20717:
20711:
20708:
20707:
20705:
20703:
20699:
20691:
20688:
20686:
20683:
20682:
20681:
20678:
20676:
20673:
20671:
20668:
20664:
20663:Microplastics
20661:
20660:
20659:
20656:
20654:
20653:Nanomaterials
20651:
20647:
20644:
20643:
20642:
20639:
20635:
20632:
20630:
20627:
20625:
20622:
20620:
20617:
20615:
20612:
20610:
20607:
20606:
20605:
20602:
20600:
20597:
20593:
20592:Lead smelting
20590:
20589:
20588:
20585:
20581:
20578:
20576:
20573:
20571:
20568:
20566:
20563:
20561:
20558:
20556:
20553:
20552:
20551:
20548:
20546:
20543:
20541:
20538:
20536:
20533:
20529:
20526:
20525:
20524:
20521:
20519:
20516:
20514:
20511:
20509:
20506:
20505:
20503:
20499:
20493:
20490:
20488:
20485:
20483:
20480:
20478:
20475:
20473:
20470:
20468:
20465:
20461:
20458:
20456:
20453:
20451:
20448:
20447:
20446:
20443:
20442:
20440:
20438:
20434:
20428:
20425:
20423:
20420:
20418:
20415:
20413:
20412:Radioactivity
20410:
20408:
20405:
20403:
20400:
20398:
20395:
20393:
20390:
20388:
20385:
20383:
20380:
20379:
20377:
20375:
20371:
20365:
20364:Noise control
20362:
20359:
20356:
20353:
20349:
20346:
20345:
20344:
20341:
20339:
20336:
20332:
20329:
20327:
20324:
20322:
20319:
20317:
20314:
20311:
20310:
20309:
20306:
20305:
20303:
20301:
20297:
20291:
20288:
20286:
20283:
20281:
20278:
20276:
20273:
20272:
20270:
20266:
20260:
20257:
20253:
20250:
20248:
20245:
20244:
20243:
20240:
20239:
20237:
20235:
20231:
20225:
20222:
20221:
20219:
20215:
20207:
20204:
20203:
20202:
20199:
20197:
20194:
20192:
20189:
20188:
20186:
20184:
20180:
20174:
20171:
20169:
20166:
20162:
20159:
20158:
20157:
20154:
20150:
20147:
20146:
20145:
20142:
20140:
20137:
20135:
20132:
20128:
20125:
20123:
20120:
20118:
20115:
20113:
20112:Metal working
20110:
20108:
20105:
20104:
20103:
20100:
20098:
20095:
20093:
20090:
20088:
20085:
20083:
20080:
20078:
20075:
20073:
20070:
20066:
20063:
20062:
20061:
20058:
20054:
20051:
20050:
20049:
20046:
20044:
20041:
20037:
20034:
20033:
20032:
20029:
20025:
20022:
20020:
20017:
20015:
20012:
20010:
20007:
20006:
20005:
20002:
20000:
19997:
19995:
19992:
19990:
19987:
19985:
19982:
19981:
19979:
19977:
19973:
19969:
19964:
19960:
19953:
19948:
19946:
19941:
19939:
19934:
19933:
19930:
19923:
19919:
19916:
19913:
19910:
19907:
19904:
19902:
19899:
19897:
19894:
19891:
19888:
19886:
19883:
19881:
19878:
19875:
19872:
19870:
19867:
19866:
19857:
19853:
19851:
19847:
19843:
19840:
19837:
19833:
19829:
19825:
19821:
19820:heart attacks
19817:
19813:
19812:blood vessels
19809:
19805:
19801:
19797:
19793:
19789:
19785:
19781:
19780:upper airways
19777:
19773:
19769:
19765:
19761:
19757:
19753:
19752:
19747:
19743:
19737:
19733:
19728:
19724:
19720:
19716:
19712:
19708:
19704:
19700:
19696:
19692:
19687:
19684:
19680:
19677:(3): 187–202.
19676:
19672:
19667:
19664:
19660:
19657:
19653:
19651:
19647:
19643:
19640:
19636:
19634:
19630:
19626:
19622:
19618:
19615:(4): 351–67.
19614:
19610:
19609:
19604:
19600:
19596:
19592:
19588:
19584:
19578:
19574:
19570:
19566:
19562:
19556:
19553:. Routledge.
19552:
19548:
19544:
19543:
19537:
19534:
19532:
19529:
19528:
19523:
19522:Air pollution
19518:
19501:
19500:
19492:
19488:
19482:
19474:
19473:
19468:
19461:
19446:
19445:www.iqair.com
19442:
19436:
19421:
19420:www.iqair.com
19417:
19411:
19402:
19394:
19390:
19385:
19380:
19376:
19372:
19368:
19364:
19361:(9): 605–10.
19360:
19356:
19355:
19350:
19343:
19335:
19331:
19326:
19321:
19317:
19313:
19309:
19305:
19301:
19297:
19293:
19289:
19288:
19283:
19276:
19268:
19264:
19257:
19249:
19245:
19240:
19235:
19231:
19227:
19223:
19219:
19218:
19213:
19206:
19198:
19194:
19189:
19184:
19181:(5): 879–87.
19180:
19176:
19175:
19170:
19163:
19161:
19152:
19148:
19147:
19139:
19137:
19128:
19124:
19118:
19110:
19106:
19099:
19084:
19078:
19063:
19059:
19053:
19045:
19041:
19037:
19033:
19026:
19018:
19014:
19009:
19004:
19000:
18996:
18992:
18988:
18987:
18982:
18975:
18973:
18964:
18961:. Cambridge:
18960:
18953:
18938:
18937:
18932:
18925:
18906:
18902:
18895:
18889:
18874:
18873:
18868:
18861:
18859:
18843:
18836:
18820:
18816:
18812:
18806:
18800:
18793:
18777:
18776:
18768:
18762:
18747:
18740:
18738:
18721:
18717:
18713:
18707:
18691:
18687:
18681:
18665:
18661:
18655:
18640:
18636:
18629:
18621:
18617:
18613:
18607:
18592:
18588:
18582:
18567:
18563:
18557:
18542:
18538:
18532:
18524:
18520:
18516:
18512:
18508:
18504:
18500:
18496:
18492:
18488:
18487:
18479:
18463:
18459:
18453:
18437:
18433:
18429:
18419:
18403:
18399:
18395:
18389:
18381:
18377:
18372:
18367:
18363:
18359:
18355:
18351:
18350:
18345:
18338:
18330:
18326:
18322:
18318:
18314:
18310:
18306:
18302:
18295:
18287:
18283:
18279:
18275:
18271:
18267:
18263:
18259:
18255:
18251:
18250:
18245:
18238:
18230:
18226:
18222:
18218:
18214:
18210:
18206:
18202:
18198:
18194:
18190:
18186:
18179:
18164:
18160:
18154:
18139:
18135:
18128:
18120:
18116:
18112:
18111:
18106:
18099:
18084:
18080:
18079:"Road Rubber"
18074:
18066:
18062:
18058:
18054:
18049:
18044:
18040:
18036:
18032:
18028:
18027:
18022:
18015:
18007:
18003:
17999:
17996:(in French).
17995:
17991:
17984:
17969:
17965:
17959:
17943:
17942:Flyingmag.com
17939:
17933:
17917:
17911:
17896:
17895:
17890:
17883:
17868:
17867:
17862:
17855:
17847:
17843:
17839:
17835:
17831:
17827:
17823:
17819:
17812:
17804:
17800:
17796:
17792:
17788:
17784:
17780:
17776:
17775:
17767:
17759:
17755:
17751:
17747:
17743:
17739:
17735:
17728:
17720:
17716:
17712:
17708:
17707:
17702:
17698:
17692:
17690:
17674:. 15 May 2014
17673:
17672:
17667:
17661:
17653:
17652:
17647:
17640:
17632:
17628:
17624:
17620:
17615:
17610:
17606:
17602:
17598:
17594:
17590:
17586:
17582:
17578:
17574:
17567:
17552:
17548:
17542:
17533:
17525:
17521:
17517:
17513:
17509:
17505:
17504:
17496:
17481:
17477:
17466:
17458:
17454:
17449:
17444:
17440:
17436:
17432:
17428:
17427:
17422:
17415:
17407:
17403:
17399:
17395:
17391:
17387:
17383:
17379:
17375:
17371:
17370:
17362:
17354:
17350:
17346:
17342:
17338:
17334:
17330:
17326:
17322:
17318:
17317:
17311:
17303:
17295:
17291:
17287:
17283:
17279:
17275:
17271:
17267:
17263:
17259:
17258:
17253:
17246:
17238:
17234:
17230:
17226:
17222:
17218:
17217:
17209:
17201:
17195:
17191:
17186:
17185:
17176:
17165:
17161:
17157:
17153:
17149:
17145:
17141:
17137:
17133:
17126:
17119:
17111:
17107:
17103:
17099:
17094:
17089:
17085:
17081:
17077:
17073:
17072:
17067:
17060:
17052:
17048:
17041:
17033:
17029:
17025:
17021:
17016:
17011:
17007:
17003:
16998:
16993:
16989:
16985:
16984:
16979:
16972:
16957:
16956:
16951:
16945:
16929:
16925:
16924:
16918:
16910:
16902:
16898:
16894:
16887:
16872:
16868:
16861:
16842:
16835:
16828:
16820:
16816:
16812:
16808:
16804:
16800:
16796:
16792:
16788:
16784:
16780:
16776:
16772:
16765:
16757:
16753:
16749:
16745:
16740:
16735:
16731:
16727:
16723:
16719:
16715:
16711:
16707:
16703:
16699:
16692:
16684:
16680:
16676:
16672:
16668:
16664:
16660:
16656:
16652:
16648:
16644:
16640:
16636:
16629:
16621:
16617:
16613:
16609:
16605:
16601:
16597:
16590:
16575:
16571:
16564:
16556:
16552:
16548:
16544:
16540:
16536:
16532:
16528:
16524:
16520:
16516:
16509:
16501:
16497:
16493:
16489:
16484:
16479:
16475:
16471:
16467:
16463:
16462:
16457:
16450:
16442:
16438:
16434:
16430:
16425:
16420:
16416:
16412:
16408:
16404:
16400:
16396:
16393:(9): 094047.
16392:
16388:
16387:
16382:
16375:
16367:
16363:
16359:
16355:
16350:
16345:
16341:
16337:
16334:(6): 805–12.
16333:
16329:
16328:
16323:
16316:
16300:
16296:
16295:
16290:
16284:
16269:
16265:
16258:
16250:
16244:
16236:
16232:
16228:
16227:
16219:
16204:. 5 June 2014
16203:
16199:
16193:
16178:
16174:
16167:
16159:
16155:
16150:
16145:
16141:
16137:
16133:
16129:
16125:
16121:
16117:
16110:
16102:
16098:
16094:
16090:
16085:
16080:
16076:
16072:
16068:
16064:
16060:
16056:
16052:
16048:
16047:
16042:
16031:
16023:
16019:
16014:
16009:
16005:
16001:
15997:
15993:
15989:
15985:
15981:
15977:
15976:
15971:
15964:
15956:
15952:
15947:
15942:
15938:
15934:
15930:
15926:
15922:
15918:
15917:
15912:
15905:
15903:
15894:
15890:
15885:
15880:
15876:
15872:
15868:
15864:
15860:
15856:
15852:
15848:
15847:
15842:
15835:
15829:
15828:
15824:
15819:
15811:
15807:
15803:
15799:
15795:
15791:
15787:
15783:
15782:
15777:
15770:
15762:
15758:
15754:
15750:
15745:
15740:
15736:
15732:
15728:
15724:
15723:
15718:
15711:
15703:
15699:
15695:
15691:
15686:
15681:
15677:
15673:
15669:
15665:
15662:(5): 514–20.
15661:
15657:
15653:
15646:
15631:
15627:
15621:
15613:
15606:
15600:
15592:
15586:
15582:
15581:
15573:
15565:
15561:
15557:
15553:
15548:
15543:
15539:
15535:
15531:
15527:
15526:
15518:
15511:
15509:
15507:
15498:
15494:
15490:
15486:
15481:
15476:
15472:
15468:
15464:
15460:
15457:(4): 425–30.
15456:
15452:
15451:
15446:
15439:
15431:
15427:
15422:
15417:
15413:
15409:
15408:
15403:
15396:
15388:
15384:
15379:
15374:
15370:
15366:
15362:
15358:
15354:
15350:
15346:
15342:
15341:
15336:
15329:
15321:
15317:
15312:
15307:
15303:
15299:
15295:
15291:
15287:
15280:
15272:
15268:
15263:
15258:
15254:
15250:
15246:
15242:
15238:
15234:
15230:
15226:
15222:
15215:
15207:
15203:
15198:
15193:
15189:
15185:
15181:
15177:
15173:
15169:
15165:
15161:
15157:
15150:
15142:
15138:
15133:
15128:
15124:
15120:
15116:
15112:
15111:
15106:
15099:
15091:
15087:
15082:
15077:
15073:
15069:
15064:
15059:
15055:
15051:
15047:
15043:
15042:
15037:
15030:
15022:
15018:
15013:
15008:
15004:
15000:
14996:
14992:
14991:
14986:
14979:
14971:
14967:
14962:
14957:
14953:
14949:
14946:(7): 737–42.
14945:
14941:
14940:
14935:
14928:
14920:
14919:
14911:
14909:
14900:
14899:
14892:
14890:
14874:
14870:
14866:
14862:
14857:
14852:
14847:
14842:
14838:
14834:
14830:
14823:
14815:
14811:
14806:
14801:
14797:
14793:
14788:
14783:
14779:
14775:
14771:
14767:
14763:
14756:
14754:
14752:
14743:
14739:
14735:
14731:
14727:
14723:
14719:
14715:
14708:
14700:
14696:
14692:
14688:
14684:
14680:
14676:
14672:
14668:
14664:
14657:
14649:
14645:
14640:
14635:
14631:
14627:
14622:
14617:
14613:
14609:
14605:
14598:
14596:
14587:
14583:
14578:
14573:
14569:
14565:
14561:
14557:
14553:
14549:
14545:
14541:
14537:
14530:
14522:
14518:
14513:
14508:
14504:
14500:
14495:
14490:
14486:
14482:
14478:
14471:
14463:
14459:
14455:
14451:
14447:
14443:
14439:
14435:
14431:
14427:
14423:
14419:
14415:
14408:
14400:
14396:
14391:
14386:
14382:
14378:
14373:
14368:
14364:
14360:
14356:
14349:
14341:
14337:
14332:
14327:
14323:
14319:
14314:
14309:
14305:
14301:
14297:
14290:
14288:
14286:
14284:
14282:
14280:
14271:
14267:
14262:
14257:
14253:
14249:
14245:
14241:
14237:
14233:
14229:
14222:
14214:
14210:
14206:
14202:
14198:
14194:
14190:
14186:
14182:
14178:
14177:
14169:
14161:
14157:
14153:
14149:
14144:
14139:
14134:
14129:
14125:
14121:
14117:
14113:
14112:
14107:
14100:
14092:
14088:
14084:
14080:
14075:
14070:
14066:
14062:
14059:(6): 860–65.
14058:
14054:
14053:
14048:
14041:
14033:
14029:
14025:
14021:
14018:(5): 631–38.
14017:
14013:
14012:
14004:
13996:
13992:
13988:
13984:
13980:
13976:
13973:(4): 243–97.
13972:
13968:
13967:
13959:
13957:
13948:
13944:
13939:
13934:
13930:
13926:
13922:
13918:
13914:
13910:
13906:
13902:
13898:
13891:
13875:
13874:
13869:
13863:
13861:
13845:
13844:
13839:
13832:
13817:
13813:
13807:
13799:
13795:
13790:
13785:
13781:
13777:
13776:
13771:
13764:
13756:
13752:
13748:
13744:
13739:
13734:
13729:
13724:
13720:
13716:
13712:
13708:
13707:
13702:
13695:
13687:
13683:
13679:
13675:
13671:
13667:
13662:
13657:
13653:
13649:
13648:
13640:
13633:
13627:
13612:
13608:
13602:
13587:
13583:
13576:
13568:
13564:
13557:
13549:
13545:
13540:
13535:
13531:
13527:
13523:
13516:
13508:
13504:
13500:
13496:
13492:
13488:
13487:
13479:
13471:
13467:
13463:
13459:
13455:
13451:
13447:
13443:
13442:
13434:
13426:
13422:
13418:
13414:
13410:
13406:
13405:
13397:
13389:
13385:
13381:
13377:
13372:
13367:
13363:
13359:
13355:
13351:
13350:
13345:
13338:
13330:
13326:
13322:
13321:2027.42/78373
13318:
13313:
13308:
13304:
13300:
13299:
13294:
13287:
13279:
13275:
13271:
13267:
13262:
13257:
13252:
13247:
13243:
13239:
13235:
13231:
13230:
13225:
13218:
13210:
13206:
13201:
13196:
13193:(2): 320–25.
13192:
13188:
13184:
13177:
13169:
13165:
13161:
13157:
13154:(5): 447–58.
13153:
13149:
13148:
13140:
13132:
13128:
13124:
13120:
13116:
13112:
13108:
13104:
13100:
13096:
13088:
13080:
13076:
13072:
13068:
13064:
13060:
13056:
13052:
13045:
13043:
13034:
13030:
13025:
13020:
13016:
13012:
13008:
13004:
13000:
12996:
12992:
12988:
12984:
12977:
12975:
12966:
12962:
12957:
12952:
12948:
12944:
12940:
12936:
12932:
12928:
12924:
12920:
12916:
12909:
12901:
12897:
12892:
12887:
12883:
12879:
12875:
12871:
12867:
12863:
12862:
12857:
12850:
12835:
12831:
12825:
12810:
12806:
12799:
12784:
12783:
12778:
12771:
12755:
12751:
12747:
12740:
12725:
12721:
12715:
12697:
12691:
12676:
12675:
12670:
12663:
12648:
12647:
12646:New Scientist
12642:
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12577:
12573:
12569:
12568:
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12548:
12542:
12531:
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12522:
12507:
12503:
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12217:
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12212:
12207:
12201:
12186:
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12124:
12122:
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12109:
12105:
12101:
12097:
12093:
12089:
12085:
12081:
12077:
12073:
12066:
12059:
12053:
12038:. 18 May 2022
12037:
12033:
12027:
12019:
12015:
12011:
12007:
12003:
11999:
11995:
11991:
11987:
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11974:
11969:
11962:
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11935:
11928:
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11916:
11911:
11906:
11902:
11898:
11897:
11892:
11885:
11877:
11873:
11868:
11863:
11859:
11855:
11851:
11847:
11846:
11841:
11834:
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11815:
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11805:
11803:
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11783:
11776:
11761:
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11733:
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11709:
11705:
11700:
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11677:
11673:
11669:
11665:
11661:
11657:
11650:
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11609:
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11573:
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11529:
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11443:
11439:
11435:
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11427:
11423:
11419:
11415:
11408:
11400:
11399:
11398:Science Daily
11394:
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11283:
11276:
11261:
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11228:
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11214:
11198:
11197:
11192:
11186:
11178:
11174:
11167:
11151:
11147:
11141:
11139:
11122:
11118:
11114:
11107:
11105:
11097:
11096:public domain
11078:
11074:
11068:
11066:
11049:
11045:
11039:
11024:
11023:
11018:
11011:
11003:
10999:
10994:
10993:10044/1/80194
10989:
10985:
10981:
10977:
10973:
10969:
10965:
10964:
10956:
10948:
10944:
10940:
10936:
10932:
10928:
10927:
10919:
10911:
10909:9780124054813
10905:
10901:
10900:
10892:
10890:
10888:
10886:
10884:
10868:
10864:
10858:
10842:
10838:
10832:
10817:
10813:
10809:
10803:
10789:
10783:
10779:
10775:
10768:
10753:
10749:
10742:
10727:
10723:
10717:
10709:
10703:
10699:
10698:10.17226/1889
10695:
10691:
10690:
10683:
10667:
10663:
10657:
10649:
10645:
10641:
10637:
10633:
10629:
10625:
10621:
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10607:
10600:
10584:
10580:
10574:
10559:
10552:
10546:
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10525:
10521:
10517:
10516:
10508:
10500:
10496:
10492:
10488:
10484:
10480:
10479:
10471:
10454:
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10444:
10430:
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10422:
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10408:
10404:
10400:
10393:
10377:
10373:
10369:
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10300:
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10175:
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10113:92-890-2192-6
10109:
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10068:
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10000:
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9945:
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9915:
9899:
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9891:
9885:
9869:
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9859:
9843:
9839:
9838:Eea.europa.eu
9835:
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9159:
9155:
9151:
9147:
9143:
9139:
9135:
9131:
9127:
9123:
9122:
9121:Plant Ecology
9117:
9110:
9102:
9098:
9094:
9090:
9086:
9082:
9078:
9074:
9070:
9066:
9062:
9055:
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9023:
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8968:
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8954:
8947:
8932:
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8860:
8856:
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8840:
8836:
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8241:
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8232:
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8080:
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7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7877:
7873:
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7862:
7847:
7843:
7837:
7822:. 6 July 2016
7821:
7817:
7811:
7796:
7795:
7790:
7784:
7769:
7765:
7761:
7755:
7740:
7736:
7729:
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7689:
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7679:
7664:
7660:
7653:
7638:. 8 June 2015
7637:
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7627:
7612:
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7604:
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7584:
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7338:Common Dreams
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6573:PLOS Medicine
6569:
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6405:
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6372:
6371:10.5772/17654
6368:
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6316:
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6090:
6089:Critical load
6087:
6085:
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6080:
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6072:
6070:
6067:
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6060:
6057:
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5983:
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5971:
5970:Metal working
5968:
5966:
5963:
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5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
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5908:
5907:Plants portal
5902:
5897:
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5876:
5873:
5871:
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5834:
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5827:
5824:
5823:
5819:
5816:
5813:
5812:
5808:
5805:
5803:Hotan, China
5802:
5801:
5798:2019 Average
5797:
5795:2020 Average
5794:
5791:
5790:
5785:
5782:
5778:
5769:
5764:
5758:
5748:
5746:
5741:
5740:socioeconomic
5736:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5721:socioeconomic
5718:
5707:
5706:
5696:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5682:
5678:
5674:
5667:
5663:
5657:
5656:Toxic hotspot
5647:
5643:
5639:
5630:
5628:
5623:
5619:
5617:
5613:
5612:Boris Johnson
5608:
5606:
5596:
5594:
5587:
5584:In 2010, the
5582:
5580:
5579:supranational
5575:
5573:
5569:
5564:
5562:
5561:member states
5556:
5546:
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5535:
5532:
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5491:
5481:
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5306:
5303:
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5293:
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5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
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5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5262:
5259:
5256:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5243:Health Canada
5239:
5237:
5227:
5225:
5220:
5213:
5208:
5203:
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5191:
5187:
5183:
5179:
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5117:
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5102:
5098:
5094:
5089:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5065:Dry scrubbers
5063:
5061:
5060:Wet scrubbers
5058:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
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5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
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4990:
4989:
4988:
4987:
4986:VOC abatement
4983:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4967:NOx scrubbers
4965:
4962:
4959:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4933:
4929:
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4900:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4889:
4886:
4883:
4880:
4877:
4874:
4871:
4870:dust cyclones
4867:
4866:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4851:
4844:
4839:
4829:
4820:
4816:
4812:
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4799:
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4790:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4776:
4772:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4752:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4741:localizations
4738:
4734:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4722:
4717:
4709:
4700:
4698:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4659:), increased
4658:
4654:
4650:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4626:
4624:
4623:nanoparticles
4619:
4617:
4611:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4593:
4586:
4581:
4572:
4565:
4564:9-Euro-Ticket
4560:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4505:
4499:
4492:Other effects
4489:
4482:
4480:
4475:
4473:
4472:Fraser Valley
4464:
4462:
4461:world economy
4452:
4443:
4441:
4436:
4434:
4420:
4414:"Clean" areas
4411:
4401:
4395:
4389:
4383:
4381:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4347:schizophrenia
4344:
4339:
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4333:
4328:
4326:
4320:
4310:
4294:
4276:
4271:
4265:
4261:
4252:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4226:
4222:
4221:preterm birth
4212:
4210:
4204:
4198:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4161:
4159:
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4135:
4130:
4126:
4120:
4119:
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4103:
4090:
4086:
4084:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4056:
4054:
4037:
4035:
4028:
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3995:
3991:
3987:
3974:
3970:
3968:
3958:
3952:
3948:
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3921:
3919:
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3911:
3903:
3893:
3889:
3876:
3874:
3861:
3851:
3843:
3839:
3830:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3810:
3807:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3788:
3787:comorbidities
3782:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3767:
3765:
3755:
3753:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3731:
3729:
3723:
3721:
3720:public health
3714:
3704:
3697:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3663:
3658:
3644:
3640:
3622:
3618:
3617:
3611:
3604:
3602:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3578:
3569:
3567:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3542:
3531:
3524:
3511:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3491:Clean Air Act
3487:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3457:heart disease
3454:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3403:is a chronic
3402:
3398:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3355:
3353:
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3333:
3329:
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3320:
3315:
3307:
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3282:
3277:
3275:
3270:
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3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
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3189:
3188:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3150:Clean Air Act
3138:
3135:
3116:
3113:
3101:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3077:
3073:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3016:
3015:Sulfur oxides
3013:
3010:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2983:bioaccumulate
2980:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2945:
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2919:
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2857:
2856:Clean Air Act
2848:
2844:
2837:recognizes CO
2836:
2832:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2792:
2783:is available.
2782:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2762:This section
2760:
2751:
2750:
2742:
2740:
2734:
2732:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2681:
2679:
2674:
2666:
2663:, and create
2662:
2658:
2653:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2602:
2590:particulates.
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2562:anthropogenic
2551:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2506:Earth's crust
2503:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2466:
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2173:deforestation
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2159:
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2154:microplastics
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2100:
2095:
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2072:
2068:
2067:methane leaks
2064:
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2057:
2053:
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2018:
2014:
2010:
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1981:
1979:
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1971:
1967:
1963:
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1954:Clean Air Act
1951:
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1936:
1932:
1928:
1927:world economy
1924:
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1907:
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1876:heart disease
1873:
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1846:
1841:
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1807:
1803:
1799:
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1787:
1784:physical, or
1782:
1781:Air pollution
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1721:Tornado terms
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1679:United States
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1561:Air pollution
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1456:Precipitation
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922:
920:
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916:
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910:
907:
906:
900:
899:
892:
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886:Water quality
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872:
869:
867:
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662:Traffic signs
660:
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628:
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604:
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582:
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572:
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569:Nanomaterials
567:
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562:
560:
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547:
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459:
458:
455:
450:
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442:
439:
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434:
432:
431:Radioactivity
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
393:
390:
385:
384:
377:
376:Soundproofing
374:
372:
371:Noise control
369:
367:
366:Noise barrier
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
348:
345:
340:
339:
332:
329:
327:
324:
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292:
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108:
107:
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101:
100:
96:
92:
91:
84:
77:
73:
69:
65:
60:
54:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
32:Miasma theory
19:
24281: /
24155:Exploitation
24040:Conservation
23983:Desalination
23918:
23811:conservation
23646:Biodiversity
23594:conservation
23441:Agricultural
23369:Fossil fuels
23264:
23203:
23191:
23179:
23148:Radium Girls
23143:Typhoid Mary
22830:Microbiology
22700:
22692:
22576:Epidemiology
22474:Organization
22425:Oral hygiene
22415:Hand washing
22393:Healthy diet
22323:Right to sit
22260:
22216:Labor rights
22031:
22019:
22007:
21988:
21889:Road ecology
21842:Applications
21818:Radioecology
21781:epidemiology
21714:Soil science
21709:Oceanography
21592:Water crisis
21580:By countries
21405:By countries
21302:Forest fires
21267:
21055:Point source
20997:Heavy metals
20971:Urban runoff
20951:Sulfur water
20929:Septic tanks
20775:Agent Orange
20629:Mining waste
20455:Manure waste
20285:Volcanic ash
20161:Black carbon
20117:Oil refining
20102:Particulates
20031:Construction
19975:
19855:
19845:
19749:
19731:
19698:
19694:
19682:
19674:
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19638:
19628:
19612:
19606:
19572:
19550:
19521:
19497:
19481:
19475:(in French).
19470:
19460:
19448:. Retrieved
19444:
19435:
19423:. Retrieved
19419:
19410:
19401:
19358:
19352:
19342:
19291:
19285:
19275:
19262:
19256:
19221:
19215:
19205:
19178:
19172:
19150:
19144:
19126:
19117:
19109:the original
19098:
19086:. Retrieved
19077:
19065:. Retrieved
19061:
19052:
19038:(1): 73–84.
19035:
19031:
19025:
18990:
18984:
18958:
18952:
18940:. Retrieved
18934:
18924:
18912:. Retrieved
18905:the original
18900:
18888:
18876:. Retrieved
18872:The Guardian
18870:
18845:. Retrieved
18835:
18823:. Retrieved
18819:the original
18805:
18792:
18780:. Retrieved
18773:
18761:
18749:. Retrieved
18724:. Retrieved
18720:the original
18715:
18706:
18694:. Retrieved
18689:
18680:
18668:. Retrieved
18663:
18654:
18642:. Retrieved
18638:
18628:
18620:the original
18606:
18594:. Retrieved
18581:
18569:. Retrieved
18565:
18556:
18544:. Retrieved
18541:The Atlantic
18540:
18531:
18490:
18484:
18478:
18466:. Retrieved
18461:
18452:
18440:. Retrieved
18432:Carbon Brief
18431:
18418:
18406:. Retrieved
18397:
18388:
18353:
18347:
18337:
18307:(1): 23–30.
18304:
18300:
18294:
18278:10547/625961
18253:
18247:
18237:
18188:
18184:
18178:
18166:. Retrieved
18162:
18153:
18141:. Retrieved
18137:
18127:
18108:
18098:
18086:. Retrieved
18082:
18073:
18030:
18024:
18014:
17997:
17994:S.A.P.I.EN.S
17993:
17983:
17971:. Retrieved
17967:
17958:
17946:. Retrieved
17941:
17932:
17920:. Retrieved
17910:
17898:. Retrieved
17894:The Guardian
17892:
17882:
17870:. Retrieved
17866:The Guardian
17864:
17854:
17824:(1): 43–48.
17821:
17817:
17811:
17781:(1): e4–e5.
17778:
17772:
17766:
17741:
17737:
17727:
17710:
17704:
17700:
17676:. Retrieved
17669:
17660:
17649:
17639:
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17554:. Retrieved
17550:
17541:
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17483:. Retrieved
17480:The Guardian
17479:
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17424:
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17361:
17320:
17314:
17302:
17264:(1): 79–92.
17261:
17255:
17250:Camahan JV,
17245:
17223:(1): E4–E5.
17220:
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17208:
17183:
17175:
17164:the original
17135:
17131:
17118:
17075:
17069:
17059:
17040:
16987:
16981:
16971:
16959:. Retrieved
16953:
16944:
16932:. Retrieved
16921:
16909:
16886:
16874:. Retrieved
16870:
16860:
16848:. Retrieved
16841:the original
16827:
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16638:
16628:
16603:
16599:
16589:
16577:. Retrieved
16573:
16563:
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16331:
16325:
16315:
16303:. Retrieved
16299:the original
16292:
16283:
16271:. Retrieved
16267:
16257:
16225:
16218:
16206:. Retrieved
16202:ScienceDaily
16201:
16192:
16180:. Retrieved
16176:
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16109:
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15920:
15914:
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15834:
15827:The Guardian
15825:
15818:
15785:
15779:
15769:
15729:(5): 680–6.
15726:
15720:
15710:
15659:
15655:
15645:
15633:. Retrieved
15629:
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14876:. Retrieved
14836:
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14487:(23): 9191.
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13964:
13904:
13900:
13890:
13880:11 September
13878:. Retrieved
13873:The Guardian
13871:
13847:. Retrieved
13841:
13831:
13821:19 September
13819:. Retrieved
13815:
13806:
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13614:. Retrieved
13610:
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13585:
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12837:. Retrieved
12833:
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12812:. Retrieved
12798:
12786:. Retrieved
12780:
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12758:. Retrieved
12754:the original
12739:
12727:. Retrieved
12723:
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12690:
12678:. Retrieved
12672:
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12650:. Retrieved
12644:
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12439:
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12211:The Guardian
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12184:
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12149:
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12079:
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12040:. Retrieved
12035:
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11961:
11949:. Retrieved
11937:
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11903:(1): 71–77.
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11813:
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11731:The Guardian
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11633:the original
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11534:(1): 61–78.
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11501:
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11471:
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11263:. Retrieved
11259:The Guardian
11257:
11233:the original
11225:
11213:
11203:22 September
11201:. Retrieved
11194:
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11149:
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11120:
11117:S.A.P.I.EN.S
11116:
11081:. Retrieved
11076:
11052:. Retrieved
11047:
11038:
11028:22 September
11026:. Retrieved
11022:The Guardian
11020:
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10866:
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10751:
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10582:
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10453:the original
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10392:
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10376:the original
10371:
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10346:
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10317:
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10211:
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10070:
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9983:The Guardian
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9924:
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9902:. Retrieved
9898:the original
9893:
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9867:
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9837:
9828:
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9812:the original
9807:
9798:
9786:. Retrieved
9775:
9766:
9721:
9715:
9705:
9693:. Retrieved
9689:
9679:
9667:. Retrieved
9662:
9653:
9641:. Retrieved
9632:
9599:
9593:
9587:
9542:
9536:
9522:
9510:. Retrieved
9506:the original
9501:
9492:
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9435:
9425:
9413:. Retrieved
9407:
9397:
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9344:
9338:
9332:
9307:
9303:
9297:
9257:
9251:
9239:. Retrieved
9234:
9225:
9217:
9210:. Retrieved
9203:
9194:
9182:. Retrieved
9176:
9166:
9128:(1): 81–89.
9125:
9119:
9109:
9068:
9064:
9054:
9043:, retrieved
9013:
9003:
8962:
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8946:
8934:. Retrieved
8930:
8921:
8909:. Retrieved
8905:
8896:
8884:. Retrieved
8880:
8871:
8838:
8834:
8824:
8812:. Retrieved
8803:
8793:
8756:
8752:
8742:
8730:. Retrieved
8726:
8716:
8665:
8659:
8649:
8637:. Retrieved
8627:
8619:
8612:. Retrieved
8599:
8587:. Retrieved
8581:
8571:
8559:. Retrieved
8555:
8546:
8536:22 September
8534:. Retrieved
8529:
8520:
8506:
8492:
8451:
8445:
8435:
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8382:
8374:
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8363:
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8213:
8202:the original
8184:
8139:
8133:
8123:
8064:
8058:
8046:
8034:. Retrieved
8028:
8019:
8007:. Retrieved
8000:
7991:
7983:the original
7973:
7928:
7922:
7912:
7875:
7871:
7861:
7849:. Retrieved
7845:
7836:
7824:. Retrieved
7819:
7810:
7798:. Retrieved
7792:
7783:
7771:. Retrieved
7763:
7754:
7742:. Retrieved
7738:
7728:
7716:. Retrieved
7712:
7703:
7691:. Retrieved
7687:
7678:
7666:. Retrieved
7662:
7652:
7640:. Retrieved
7635:
7626:
7614:. Retrieved
7594:
7590:
7577:
7565:. Retrieved
7550:
7544:
7532:. Retrieved
7517:
7510:
7459:
7453:
7443:
7394:
7388:
7381:
7362:
7341:. Retrieved
7305:
7278:. Retrieved
7270:
7261:
7249:. Retrieved
7243:
7234:
7222:. Retrieved
7220:. 2 May 2018
7178:
7172:
7162:
7109:
7103:
7093:
7081:. Retrieved
7074:
7065:
7053:. Retrieved
7046:the original
7041:
7029:
6986:
6982:
6921:(1): 22516.
6918:
6914:
6904:
6871:
6865:
6832:
6825:
6793:(1): 61–78.
6790:
6786:
6776:
6764:. Retrieved
6744:
6740:
6730:
6687:
6683:
6673:
6632:
6628:
6622:
6577:
6571:
6513:
6509:
6499:
6448:
6442:
6432:
6420:. Retrieved
6384:, retrieved
6362:
6352:
6329:
6315:
6270:
6264:
6239:. Retrieved
6235:
6052:
6051:
6020:
6019:
5928:
5927:
5921:Trees portal
5874:
5866:
5858:
5774:
5737:
5713:
5704:
5675:, childhood
5669:
5662:Cancer alley
5644:
5640:
5636:
5624:
5620:
5609:
5597:
5583:
5576:
5567:
5565:
5558:
5541:
5533:
5506:
5487:
5479:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5447:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5423:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5399:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5356:
5349:
5343:
5337:
5331:
5325:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5240:
5233:
5216:
5171:
5145:
5107:
5095:
5076:
5044:
4984:
4939:
4934:
4928:Wet scrubber
4895:
4863:
4856:
4811:Biodigesters
4759:
4726:
4677:
4632:
4620:
4609:
4597:
4589:
4585:Accra, Ghana
4561:
4558:
4546:
4526:
4511:
4495:
4483:
4476:
4465:
4458:
4449:
4437:
4425:
4396:
4385:
4371:inflammation
4367:white matter
4360:
4340:
4329:
4322:
4295:
4272:
4253:
4245:
4237:inflammation
4218:
4205:
4194:
4167:
4155:
4151:
4142:
4138:
4129:implantation
4121:
4117:
4110:
4100:
4072:
4057:
4038:
4017:
4005:
3998:
3984:
3964:
3936:
3899:
3890:
3877:
3862:
3847:
3811:
3791:
3783:
3768:
3761:
3758:Lung disease
3748:
3737:
3724:
3716:
3689:
3683:
3672:
3651:Major causes
3614:
3612:
3605:
3588:
3584:
3575:
3563:
3560:
3552:
3499:carbon black
3488:
3484:
3473:
3449:
3430:and spores,
3421:
3405:inflammatory
3394:
3378:pilot lights
3371:
3356:
3344:formaldehyde
3334:(Rn) gas, a
3330:
3327:
3323:
3278:
3274:black carbon
3271:
3267:
3263:
3147:
3086:
2868:fossil fuels
2842:
2799:
2786:
2781:Editing help
2763:
2735:
2728:
2712:UV radiation
2670:
2657:Agbogbloshie
2623:
2619:
2235:germ warfare
2195:
2111:incinerators
2101:construction
2043:in Hong Kong
1987:
1943:
1923:productivity
1920:
1908:
1870:, including
1861:
1842:
1814:particulates
1780:
1779:
1560:
1497:Diamond dust
1421:Winter storm
1252:Thunderstorm
974:Point source
919:Heavy metals
881:Urban runoff
866:Sulfur water
841:Septic tanks
697:Agent Orange
607:Space debris
461:Agricultural
326:Volcanic ash
186:Particulates
123:
44:
24274:Nationalism
24246:Common-pool
23887:Hydrosphere
23880:remediation
23865:Groundwater
23460:Degradation
23205:WikiProject
22945:and history
22825:Engineering
22538:Vaccination
22410:Food safety
22033:WikiProject
21879:Remediation
21694:Geosciences
21667:Main fields
21609:Philippines
21025:Area source
20934:Pit latrine
20857:Groundwater
20614:Gold mining
20609:Coal mining
20580:Toxic waste
20545:Green waste
20518:Brown waste
20501:Solid waste
20048:Exhaust gas
19832:Alzheimer's
19792:bloodstream
18914:22 February
18726:27 February
18696:11 November
18670:11 November
18644:27 February
18571:20 December
18546:20 December
17922:13 December
17697:Jacobson MZ
17551:www.oas.org
17476:emissions'"
17323:: 430–442.
17252:Thurston DL
17190:Basic Books
16600:Nature Food
16305:10 November
16273:19 December
15407:Hippokratia
15296:(4): e028.
15231:(1): 3848.
14669:(1): 7–13.
13849:17 December
13591:10 November
13586:www.who.int
13532:(1): 6–11.
13493:(1): 3–50.
13298:Circulation
13115:10292/14061
12704:11 December
12652:11 December
12375:(1): 6286.
11896:Circulation
11823:20 December
11814:www.who.int
11786:www.who.int
11639:18 February
11507:10 November
11502:www.epa.gov
11481:26 November
10970:: 424–432.
10558:Physorg.com
10318:www.epa.gov
10222:16 December
9934:27 February
9925:www.epa.gov
9874:11 December
9848:11 December
9808:Naei.org.uk
9643:27 February
9241:22 December
8965:: 691–703.
8835:Environ Int
8589:13 February
8561:13 February
8142:(1): 4432.
7764:www.who.int
7733:Nations U.
6322:Pickerill J
6236:www.who.int
6021:Measurement
5863:Projections
5685:diesel soot
5364:Health risk
5196:Regulations
4923:Spray tower
4657:snowmobiles
4644:hydro power
4640:solar power
4603:Ultraviolet
4375:brain cells
4355:impulsivity
4264:dust storms
4068:sperm count
3951:miscarriage
3918:albuminuria
3873:lung cancer
3675:fossil fuel
3619:focused on
3461:lung cancer
3413:lung cancer
3179:(4 C, 68 P)
3111:afternoons.
3045:, and thus
2961:dust storms
2518:lung cancer
2504:within the
2379:Farmed fish
2270:Food Types
2187:reduction.
2150:exhaust gas
2052:fossil-fuel
2035:Burning of
1931:externality
1888:lung cancer
1864:risk factor
1857:fossil fuel
1711:Meteorology
1646:Meteorology
1534:Snow roller
1529:Snow grains
1492:Ice pellets
1441:Snow squall
1372:Storm surge
1318:Anticyclone
1274:Mesocyclone
1262:Thundersnow
1211:Arcus cloud
944:Area source
786:Groundwater
539:Green waste
519:Brown waste
503:Solid waste
261:Information
156:Exhaust gas
53:coking oven
24320:Categories
24269:Extraction
24228:Wilderness
24189:accounting
24172:Management
24138:ecological
24126:tragedy of
24045:Peak water
24030:Efficiency
24003:Sanitation
23945:Stormwater
23938:harvesting
23914:Irrigation
23816:management
23774:gene banks
23715:management
23693:management
23609:resilience
23575:phosphorus
23531:industrial
23509:Management
23485:soundscape
23391:Geothermal
22958:Caribbean
22835:Processing
22769:Quarantine
22691:Student's
22491:Sanitation
22125:History of
21996:scientists
21458:Asian Dust
21284:Dust storm
21177:by country
21173:Categories
21111:Zero waste
20992:Pollutants
20946:Stagnation
20884:Monitoring
20852:Freshwater
20728:Air travel
20540:Food waste
20460:Pesticides
20450:Herbicides
20354:Industrial
20183:Biological
20043:Demolition
20036:Renovation
20019:Joss paper
20004:Combustion
19924:at EPA.gov
19425:1 February
18942:24 January
18878:24 January
18847:24 January
18782:24 January
18751:24 January
18596:27 January
18468:24 October
18356:(4): 433.
18349:Atmosphere
18191:(9): 562.
18168:11 January
18088:11 January
17973:11 January
17968:Icax.co.uk
17948:11 January
17900:24 October
17872:24 October
17678:29 October
17485:6 December
17078:(1): 6–8.
16997:2102.05027
16990:(2): 164.
16781:: 139986.
16708:: 102869.
16177:Tech Times
15982:: 110320.
15923:: 107523.
15853:: 117404.
15635:31 October
15532:: 173–82.
15166:: 106898.
14839:(1): 109.
14614:(1): 109.
14546:: 100070.
14424:: 116838.
14306:(1): 117.
13647:The Lancet
12919:The Lancet
12839:18 October
12729:11 January
12442:: 110754.
12139:11 January
12082:: 116355.
12058:The Lancet
11980:: 140636.
11424:: 110754.
11371:1285508857
11156:5 December
10251:10 January
9989:7 November
9415:2 February
9071:: e00245.
8841:: 146–57.
8074:2105.06387
7663:Ozonaction
7343:3 February
7301:World Bank
6766:7 November
6747:: S8–S27.
6635:: 111487.
6365:, InTech,
6326:Bradshaw M
6320:Howell R,
6241:14 January
6213:References
6129:Great Smog
5985:Power tool
5965:Joss paper
5940:Bottom ash
5755:See also:
5745:refineries
5660:See also:
5350:(above 10)
5348:Very high
5156:satellites
5132:Smart city
5130:See also:
5126:Monitoring
5033:condensers
5020:Biofilters
4998:, such as
4792:countries.
4680:transition
4636:wind power
4522:Great Smog
4363:ventricles
4317:See also:
4182:depression
4062:alongside
3994:DNA damage
3967:stillbirth
3794:Great Smog
3707:Guidelines
3489:Under the
3428:mycotoxins
3424:dust mites
3401:Asbestosis
3367:pesticides
3336:carcinogen
3204:New Mexico
3154:directives
2979:photolytic
2911:combustion
2789:April 2023
2684:Pollutants
2546:Vegetation
2540:combustion
2527:Smoke and
2411:Groundnuts
2206:hair spray
2198:combustion
2105:renovation
2037:joss paper
1892:depression
1849:ecosystems
1705:Glossaries
1641:Jet stream
1580:Convection
1566:Atmosphere
1514:Cloudburst
1377:Dust storm
1343:Nor'easter
1313:Fire whirl
1308:Dust devil
1301:Waterspout
1228:Heat burst
1223:Microburst
1181:Wet season
1169:Dry season
1031:By country
1023:Categories
914:Pollutants
891:Wastewater
861:Stagnation
806:Monitoring
781:Freshwater
647:Air travel
534:Food waste
476:Defecation
286:Ecological
219:Biological
151:Combustion
93:Part of a
24336:Pollution
24279:Renewable
24264:Depletion
24251:Conflict
24133:Economics
24111:enclosure
24070:Resources
24050:Pollution
23967:Watershed
23870:pollution
23801:Seed bank
23796:Rangeland
23678:Fisheries
23663:Biosphere
23656:biopiracy
23599:fertility
23475:cityscape
23470:Landscape
23377:peak coal
23364:Resources
23315:Emissions
23138:John Snow
23065:Education
23055:Full list
22943:education
22867:ISO 22000
22820:Chemistry
22733:Epidemics
22686:ROC curve
22496:Emergency
22276:Radiation
22256:Pollution
22240:Ministers
22137:Euthenics
21874:Recycling
21744:Chemistry
21704:Limnology
21699:Hydrology
21417:Hong Kong
21069:Responses
21040:Garbology
20966:Turbidity
20914:Oil spill
20847:Firewater
20748:Vandalism
20710:Satellite
20407:Poisoning
20402:Plutonium
20382:Actinides
20374:Radiation
20122:Wood dust
19984:Acid rain
19959:Pollution
19798:, up the
19723:1352-2310
19316:2375-2548
19267:MIT Press
19062:USA TODAY
18639:Canada.ca
18523:135457028
18515:0143-1161
18380:219002558
18321:2352-8648
18286:261152934
18213:1573-2959
18057:2192-0567
18033:(1): 15.
18006:1993-3800
17846:0957-1272
17795:2468-2667
17758:0967-070X
17744:: 49–61.
17699:(2015). "
17631:249613744
17605:1614-7499
17406:135283552
17398:2211-467X
17376:: 38–50.
17353:244820608
17345:0960-1481
17294:154730593
17286:1530-9290
17032:231855390
17024:1538-4357
16850:29 August
16819:221722300
16803:0048-9697
16756:255439854
16730:0143-6228
16683:249551277
16667:0944-1344
16620:216425480
16555:253261324
16539:2050-7887
16441:237462480
16415:1748-9326
16243:cite book
16208:28 August
16140:0091-6765
16101:216650267
16075:1614-7499
16004:0013-9351
15937:1879-016X
15875:0269-7491
15810:207493297
15676:0091-6765
15556:1873-6750
15471:1552-9924
15414:(1): 44.
15369:0890-6238
15253:2045-2322
15188:0160-4120
15072:1932-6203
14878:5 October
14796:1476-069X
14772:(1): 82.
14734:0015-0282
14683:0951-3590
14630:1477-7827
14568:2666-027X
14503:1422-0067
14462:232222865
14446:0269-7491
14381:1660-4601
14322:1477-7827
14252:1555-9041
14213:233408693
14118:(1): 67.
13929:1476-4687
13713:(1): 60.
13656:CiteSeerX
13616:15 August
13123:1474-4422
13071:1756-1833
13057:: i3272.
13015:0954-6820
13007:1365-2796
12947:0140-6736
12882:1756-1833
12868:: n1904.
12814:14 August
12788:14 August
12760:14 August
12680:14 August
12541:cite book
12480:231909881
12464:0013-9351
12397:2041-1723
12244:GeoHealth
12165:14 August
12104:0301-4797
12018:220848545
12002:0048-9697
11946:0362-4331
11791:13 August
11690:0027-8424
11572:Ritchie H
11446:0013-9351
11379:190160283
11314:0269-7491
11127:29 August
11002:197131423
10757:24 August
10640:0160-4120
10618:: 71–80.
10589:29 August
10563:29 August
10520:CRC Press
10429:234150821
9904:29 August
9818:29 August
9788:29 August
9740:2296-2565
9690:Canada.ca
9602:(6): 14.
9484:206664954
9468:0036-8075
9369:1476-4687
9150:1385-0237
9101:213400214
9093:2468-2276
9040:213578405
8987:0048-9697
8759:: e6932.
8721:Yeung J.
8690:2328-4277
8476:0013-936X
8419:0013-936X
8345:245103794
8337:1680-7316
8115:246530897
8099:0036-8075
7947:1660-4601
7931:(1): 16.
7484:1873-9318
7435:199528114
7419:1614-7499
7373:0015-8259
7003:0008-6363
6943:2045-2322
6896:248905224
6704:2214-109X
6657:0013-9351
6596:1549-1676
6532:0007-1250
6473:2196-5412
6289:2296-2565
6131:of London
6005:Tire fire
5781:mortality
5717:Hazardous
5666:Superfund
5456:Very high
5336:Moderate
5154:sensors,
5030:Cryogenic
4897:Scrubbers
4882:Baghouses
4653:chainsaws
4388:cytokines
4270:in 2010.
4209:genotoxic
4186:perinatal
4158:ultrafine
4053:chromatin
3924:Fertility
3771:emphysema
3601:pneumonia
3581:By region
3505:Mortality
3133:and VOCs.
3047:acid rain
3037:, forms H
2987:ecosystem
2897:Lake Nyos
2716:acid rain
2690:Pollutant
2566:Black gum
2533:wildfires
2522:cigarette
2510:noble gas
2500:gas from
2488:digestion
2472:, in 1935
2189:Foresters
2092:and high
2086:machinery
1896:perinatal
1838:acid rain
1636:Heat wave
1631:Cold wave
1575:Chemistry
1426:Ice storm
1416:Firestorm
1328:Polar low
1296:Landspout
1279:Supercell
1240:Lightning
1218:Downburst
1174:Harmattan
1108:Part of
959:Garbology
876:Turbidity
826:Oil spill
776:Firewater
761:Biosolids
667:Vandalism
426:Poisoning
421:Plutonium
396:Actinides
389:Radiation
131:Acid rain
103:Pollution
24305:Category
24238:Resource
24177:adaptive
24075:improved
24035:Conflict
24020:Security
24015:Scarcity
24008:improved
23998:Leaching
23875:recharge
23855:Drinking
23806:Wildlife
23673:Bushmeat
23668:Bushfood
23621:planning
23526:gemstone
23521:Minerals
23502:property
23490:viewshed
23480:seascape
23411:sunlight
23385:peak oil
23381:peak gas
23181:Category
22880:sciences
22815:Additive
22486:Safe sex
22457:Medicine
22371:Theories
22142:Genomics
22120:Eugenics
22110:Deviance
22090:Auxology
21990:Category
21954:See also
21940:Glossary
21930:Journals
21432:Malaysia
21157:Treaties
21129:Diseases
20941:Shipping
20837:Diseases
20685:Landfill
20360:Abstract
20357:Military
20290:Wildfire
20139:Smelting
20107:Asbestos
19836:dementia
19808:arteries
19764:gasoline
19591:43084000
19549:(1987).
19472:Le Monde
19375:27730990
19334:35394832
19248:19890171
19197:21555471
19088:24 April
19067:16 April
19017:62890754
18936:BBC News
18690:Ec.gc.ca
18664:Ec.gc.ca
18436:Archived
18402:Archived
18329:88485659
18229:52135179
18221:30167891
18138:Samphina
18065:40436190
17803:29249479
17671:BBC News
17651:BBC News
17623:35696063
17457:31106396
17237:29249479
17110:13045119
17102:14698923
16928:Archived
16811:32927535
16748:36619606
16675:35689771
16547:36413251
16500:12038778
16492:28657878
16433:35330988
16366:12756582
16358:26502459
16268:euronews
16158:24901756
16093:32356052
16022:33098817
15955:32165138
15893:34077897
15802:25119155
15753:18470315
15564:28196630
15489:24508912
15430:33364740
15387:21256208
15320:31008439
15271:36890287
15206:34627014
15141:23249813
15090:25372862
15041:PLOS ONE
15021:22440811
14970:25756964
14873:57376088
14865:30579357
14814:28754128
14742:27513553
14699:41594539
14691:25212280
14648:30579357
14586:35492299
14521:33276521
14454:33714059
14399:33256215
14340:30594197
14270:32108020
14205:33904723
14152:21771295
14083:21227886
14032:22445097
13995:24481623
13987:19235364
13947:37020004
13798:11488305
13755:20491472
13747:28615020
13678:17307103
13548:21890573
13462:20870755
13425:19965811
13380:23777785
13329:20458016
13278:11741224
13270:25970426
13229:PLOS ONE
13209:22052517
13168:17267905
13131:27291521
13079:27298274
13033:35138681
12965:28408086
12900:34470785
12627:17446340
12590:18952612
12472:33577774
12415:34728619
12345:37995235
12336:10870829
12283:35599962
12222:15 April
12216:Archived
12185:Motorway
12112:36179470
12042:28 April
12036:BBC News
12010:32721745
11951:28 April
11919:14676145
11876:27138440
11737:12 March
11708:30910976
11588:Archived
11578:(2021).
11558:36303316
11454:33577774
11330:38513536
11322:17646040
11196:BBC News
10872:29 April
10847:29 April
10692:. 1991.
10672:20 April
10648:24013021
10183:19 April
10077:19 April
10048:19 April
9782:Archived
9758:32154200
9624:25004561
9579:19451635
9529:Heald CL
9512:20 March
9476:29853680
9377:26381985
9260:, Cham:
9212:9 August
9184:12 March
9158:20388177
8995:29272838
8936:4 August
8911:4 August
8886:4 August
8863:26142107
8814:12 April
8801:(2004).
8785:31143547
8732:4 August
8708:35865359
8556:phys.org
8484:25401750
8427:25401750
8358:Nace T.
8268:40717317
8260:26001592
8176:37481598
8167:10363163
8107:35113691
8036:16 March
8009:16 March
8002:BBC News
7965:29295510
7904:32154200
7851:12 April
7826:12 April
7642:11 April
7616:11 April
7585:(2006).
7567:10 April
7534:10 April
7502:32837611
7427:31407261
7154:85515425
7146:30910976
7055:12 March
7021:32123898
6961:34795349
6888:35594895
6817:36303316
6761:21147959
6722:33069303
6665:34116013
6614:34582444
6550:35048872
6491:28435996
6422:25 March
6307:32154200
6114:Exposome
6015:Wood ash
6000:Smelting
5879:See also
5650:Hotspots
5472:and the
5470:Children
5461:Above 10
5408:Moderate
5210:Smog in
5046:Acid gas
4994:, using
4822:subways.
4433:Medicare
4301:, CO, PM
4192:(ADHD).
4148:Children
3495:U.S. EPA
3467:, acute
3397:asbestos
3382:plumbing
3260:Exposure
3229:(HAPs),
2914:animals.
2903:as well.
2646:mutagens
2584:chlorine
2576:Volcanic
2524:smoking.
2520:, after
2192:renewal.
2124:include
2074:include
1904:genetics
1882:(COPD),
1507:Freezing
1468:Freezing
1431:Blizzard
1110:a series
1015:Treaties
995:Diseases
851:Shipping
816:Nutrient
766:Diseases
331:Wildfire
24106:Commons
24095:Related
24060:Quality
23976:Aspects
23902:glacial
23843:Aquifer
23749:Pasture
23700:Forests
23626:reserve
23401:Nuclear
23371: (
23327:Trading
23322:Airshed
23193:Commons
23106:History
23003:Canada
22978:Europe
22462:Nursing
22442:Hygiene
22405:Hygiene
22130:Liberal
22083:General
22009:Commons
21925:Degrees
21813:Physics
21808:Geodesy
21739:Biology
21684:Ecology
21614:Vietnam
21186:Commons
20961:Thermal
20862:Hypoxia
20646:Garbage
20417:Uranium
20268:Natural
20217:Digital
20149:Aerosol
20127:Welding
20014:Biomass
20009:Biofuel
19968:History
19816:strokes
19788:alveoli
19703:Bibcode
19631:(2002)
19603:Makra L
19393:9861182
19384:1757645
19325:8993110
19296:Bibcode
19239:2774179
18995:Bibcode
18825:7 April
18495:Bibcode
18442:6 April
18408:6 April
18358:Bibcode
18258:Bibcode
18193:Bibcode
18143:18 June
18035:Bibcode
17826:Bibcode
17614:9189448
17585:Bibcode
17556:17 June
17524:5148260
17448:6526394
17378:Bibcode
17325:Bibcode
17266:Bibcode
17160:7973702
17140:Bibcode
17132:Science
17093:1241789
17002:Bibcode
16961:6 March
16934:6 March
16783:Bibcode
16739:9805897
16710:Bibcode
16647:Bibcode
16483:5766848
16424:8942432
16395:Bibcode
16349:4892924
16149:4154219
16084:7329770
16055:Bibcode
16013:8060371
15984:Bibcode
15946:7245732
15884:8287594
15855:Bibcode
15761:7721551
15744:2367679
15702:2707126
15694:9222137
15685:1469882
15534:Bibcode
15497:3947454
15480:3984219
15421:7733367
15378:3171169
15349:Bibcode
15311:6474375
15262:9995328
15233:Bibcode
15197:8688235
15168:Bibcode
15132:3621187
15081:4221082
15050:Bibcode
15012:3385432
14961:4492263
14856:6304234
14805:5534122
14774:Bibcode
14639:6304234
14577:9043394
14548:Bibcode
14512:7731392
14426:Bibcode
14390:7730072
14331:6311303
14261:7057299
14185:Bibcode
14143:3157417
14120:Bibcode
14091:1323189
14074:3114823
13938:7614604
13909:Bibcode
13738:5471732
13715:Bibcode
13507:8542133
13470:3945468
13388:6748539
13371:3764070
13261:4430520
13238:Bibcode
13024:9310863
12956:5439030
12927:Bibcode
12891:8409282
12511:18 June
12485:5 March
12444:Bibcode
12406:8563796
12377:Bibcode
12315:Bibcode
12306:Science
12274:9109601
12253:Bibcode
12084:Bibcode
11982:Bibcode
11867:5089884
11765:23 June
11759:Reuters
11699:6462052
11668:Bibcode
11576:Roser M
11549:9887725
11472:Who.int
11426:Bibcode
11294:Bibcode
11054:12 July
10972:Bibcode
10935:Bibcode
10620:Bibcode
10535:11 June
10499:3674573
10242:record"
10205:. NASA.
9749:7044178
9604:Bibcode
9570:2690056
9547:Bibcode
9446:Bibcode
9437:Science
9385:4460927
9349:Bibcode
9312:Bibcode
9289:7123302
9130:Bibcode
9073:Bibcode
8967:Bibcode
8843:Bibcode
8776:6526014
8699:9287058
8670:Bibcode
8639:16 June
8614:16 June
8456:Bibcode
8399:Bibcode
8369:16 June
8315:Bibcode
8144:Bibcode
8079:Bibcode
8060:Science
7956:5800116
7895:7044178
7842:"Radon"
7599:Bibcode
7591:Weather
7493:7286556
7464:Bibcode
7399:Bibcode
7364:Fortune
7183:Bibcode
7137:6462052
7114:Bibcode
7083:27 June
7042:Iea.org
7012:7449554
6952:8602675
6923:Bibcode
6808:9887725
6713:7564377
6637:Bibcode
6605:8478226
6541:8636613
6482:5499513
6453:Bibcode
6334:Pearson
6298:7044178
6010:Welding
5543:TA Luft
5538:Germany
5527:), and
5474:elderly
5103:control
5080:control
5078:Mercury
5055:control
4944:control
4260:biomass
4215:Infants
4178:anxiety
3799:dyspnea
3696:induced
3616:Science
3409:dyspnea
3363:incense
3340:plywood
3198:Before
3058:mercury
2805:Ammonia
2731:aerosol
2634:dioxins
2610:Beijing
2537:biomass
2484:Methane
2363:Poultry
2225:methane
2210:varnish
2138:rockets
2056:biomass
1806:methane
1790:ammonia
1661:Extreme
1607:Physics
1597:Climate
1585:Physics
1475:Graupel
1463:Drizzle
1411:Sirocco
1394:Monsoon
1365:Typhoon
1323:Cyclone
1286:Tornado
1233:Derecho
1118:Weather
909:History
791:Hypoxia
620:Thermal
574:Plastic
436:Uranium
310:Natural
255:Digital
231:Genetic
24116:global
24080:policy
24025:Supply
23988:Floods
23955:Sewage
23928:Marine
23920:huerta
23754:Plants
23744:Meadow
23604:health
23582:rights
23570:copper
23548:mining
23446:arable
23346:Energy
23286:Indoor
22993:India
22968:China
22840:Safety
22521:Worker
21463:Shamal
21437:Taiwan
21050:Midden
21030:Debris
20985:Topics
20924:Sewage
20877:debris
20872:Marine
20720:Visual
20604:Mining
20599:Litter
20092:Mining
19858:(2009)
19850:online
19824:asthma
19768:diesel
19738:
19721:
19650:online
19641:(2015)
19633:online
19589:
19579:
19557:
19519:about
19450:24 May
19391:
19381:
19373:
19332:
19322:
19314:
19246:
19236:
19195:
19153:(231).
19015:
18778:. 2008
18521:
18513:
18378:
18327:
18319:
18284:
18227:
18219:
18211:
18063:
18055:
18004:
17844:
17801:
17793:
17756:
17629:
17621:
17611:
17603:
17522:
17455:
17445:
17404:
17396:
17351:
17343:
17292:
17284:
17235:
17216:Lancet
17196:
17158:
17108:
17100:
17090:
17030:
17022:
16876:1 July
16817:
16809:
16801:
16754:
16746:
16736:
16728:
16681:
16673:
16665:
16618:
16579:3 June
16553:
16545:
16537:
16498:
16490:
16480:
16439:
16431:
16421:
16413:
16364:
16356:
16346:
16182:8 June
16156:
16146:
16138:
16099:
16091:
16081:
16073:
16020:
16010:
16002:
15953:
15943:
15935:
15891:
15881:
15873:
15808:
15800:
15759:
15751:
15741:
15700:
15692:
15682:
15674:
15612:UNICEF
15587:
15562:
15554:
15495:
15487:
15477:
15469:
15428:
15418:
15385:
15375:
15367:
15318:
15308:
15269:
15259:
15251:
15204:
15194:
15186:
15139:
15129:
15088:
15078:
15070:
15019:
15009:
14968:
14958:
14871:
14863:
14853:
14812:
14802:
14794:
14740:
14732:
14697:
14689:
14681:
14646:
14636:
14628:
14584:
14574:
14566:
14519:
14509:
14501:
14460:
14452:
14444:
14397:
14387:
14379:
14338:
14328:
14320:
14268:
14258:
14250:
14211:
14203:
14160:376897
14158:
14150:
14140:
14089:
14081:
14071:
14030:
13993:
13985:
13945:
13935:
13927:
13901:Nature
13796:
13753:
13745:
13735:
13686:852646
13684:
13676:
13658:
13632:Lancet
13546:
13526:Thorax
13505:
13468:
13460:
13423:
13386:
13378:
13368:
13327:
13276:
13268:
13258:
13207:
13187:Stroke
13166:
13129:
13121:
13077:
13069:
13031:
13021:
13013:
13005:
12963:
12953:
12945:
12898:
12888:
12880:
12625:
12588:
12478:
12470:
12462:
12413:
12403:
12395:
12343:
12333:
12281:
12271:
12190:25 May
12110:
12102:
12016:
12008:
12000:
11944:
11917:
11874:
11864:
11706:
11696:
11688:
11556:
11546:
11452:
11444:
11377:
11369:
11359:
11328:
11320:
11312:
11265:22 May
11229:Europe
11083:8 July
11000:
10906:
10821:7 June
10793:7 June
10784:
10731:7 June
10704:
10646:
10638:
10526:
10497:
10459:18 May
10434:7 June
10427:
10417:
10382:7 June
10372:US EPA
10352:7 June
10327:7 June
10110:
9959:
9756:
9746:
9738:
9724:: 14.
9695:7 June
9669:7 June
9665:. 2016
9663:US EPA
9622:
9577:
9567:
9482:
9474:
9466:
9383:
9375:
9367:
9340:Nature
9286:
9276:
9156:
9148:
9099:
9091:
9045:7 June
9038:
9028:
8993:
8985:
8861:
8783:
8773:
8706:
8696:
8688:
8482:
8474:
8425:
8417:
8364:Forbes
8343:
8335:
8266:
8258:
8174:
8164:
8113:
8105:
8097:
7963:
7953:
7945:
7902:
7892:
7878:: 14.
7800:7 June
7773:7 June
7744:7 June
7718:7 June
7693:7 June
7668:7 June
7558:
7525:
7500:
7490:
7482:
7433:
7425:
7417:
7371:
7316:. xii.
7280:18 May
7251:18 May
7224:18 May
7152:
7144:
7134:
7019:
7009:
7001:
6959:
6949:
6941:
6894:
6886:
6840:
6815:
6805:
6759:
6720:
6710:
6702:
6663:
6655:
6612:
6602:
6594:
6548:
6538:
6530:
6489:
6479:
6471:
6386:31 May
6377:
6340:
6305:
6295:
6287:
6273:: 14.
6079:BenMAP
6053:Others
5975:Mining
5929:Source
5820:110.2
5817:106.6
5809:110.1
5806:110.2
5751:Cities
5733:asthma
5729:cancer
5681:cancer
5677:asthma
5570:, the
5511:, and
5480:Reduce
5442:Reduce
5344:(7–10)
5230:Canada
5118:(CEMS)
5097:Dioxin
5090:K-Fuel
5005:Flares
4963:(SNCR)
4655:, and
4406:and CO
4343:autism
4305:and PM
4047:and PM
3838:cancer
3777:, and
3465:stroke
3453:asthma
3440:pollen
2965:asthma
2886:is an
2764:is in
2714:, (4)
2706:, (2)
2638:furans
2586:, and
2580:sulfur
2570:willow
2560:, and
2514:radium
2492:cattle
2299:Cheese
2183:, and
2144:. The
2142:debris
1886:, and
1884:stroke
1669:Canada
1624:Season
1554:Topics
1399:Amihan
1387:Haboob
1382:Simoom
1194:Storms
1149:Autumn
1144:Summer
1139:Spring
1134:Winter
969:Midden
964:Legacy
949:Debris
903:Topics
856:Sludge
846:Sewage
801:Marine
640:Visual
559:Mining
554:Litter
95:series
24259:Curse
24065:Right
23907:polar
23897:bergs
23860:Fresh
23828:Water
23541:metal
23465:Field
23416:shade
23406:Solar
23396:Hydro
23281:Index
23018:U.S.
22862:HACCP
22811:Food
22703:-test
22695:-test
22281:Light
22266:Water
21918:Lists
21749:green
21604:Japan
21599:India
21587:China
21427:Macau
21422:India
21412:China
21121:Lists
21060:Waste
21002:Paint
20819:Water
20702:Space
20343:Sonar
20338:Urban
20316:Water
20300:Noise
20275:Ozone
20242:Light
20173:Waste
20065:Smoke
19804:brain
19784:lungs
19776:trash
19494:(PDF)
19371:JSTOR
19013:S2CID
18908:(PDF)
18897:(PDF)
18770:(PDF)
18591:IQAir
18519:S2CID
18376:S2CID
18325:S2CID
18282:S2CID
18225:S2CID
18061:S2CID
18000:(1).
17627:S2CID
17402:S2CID
17349:S2CID
17290:S2CID
17167:(PDF)
17128:(PDF)
17106:S2CID
17028:S2CID
16992:arXiv
16955:Wired
16844:(PDF)
16837:(PDF)
16815:S2CID
16752:S2CID
16679:S2CID
16616:S2CID
16551:S2CID
16496:S2CID
16437:S2CID
16362:S2CID
16097:S2CID
15806:S2CID
15757:S2CID
15698:S2CID
15608:(PDF)
15520:(PDF)
15493:S2CID
14869:S2CID
14695:S2CID
14458:S2CID
14209:S2CID
14156:S2CID
14087:S2CID
13991:S2CID
13751:S2CID
13682:S2CID
13466:S2CID
13384:S2CID
13274:S2CID
13067:eISSN
13003:eISSN
12699:(PDF)
12533:(PDF)
12476:S2CID
12014:S2CID
11375:S2CID
11326:S2CID
11236:(PDF)
11222:(PDF)
10998:S2CID
10554:(PDF)
10425:S2CID
9480:S2CID
9381:S2CID
9154:S2CID
9097:S2CID
9036:S2CID
8808:(PDF)
8753:PeerJ
8530:GovHK
8341:S2CID
8264:S2CID
8205:(PDF)
8194:(PDF)
8111:S2CID
8069:arXiv
7431:S2CID
7310:(PDF)
7150:S2CID
7049:(PDF)
7038:(PDF)
6939:eISSN
6892:S2CID
6186:NIEHS
6142:(HEI)
5853:83.4
5850:95.5
5839:96.0
5831:89.4
5828:98.4
5509:ozone
5466:Avoid
5400:Ideal
5394:Enjoy
5342:High
5338:(4–6)
5332:(1–3)
5326:Risk:
5212:Cairo
5101:furan
4957:(SCR)
3818:mucus
3342:emit
3332:Radon
2944:plume
2770:prose
2531:from
2498:Radon
2370:102.4
2354:133.1
2338:139.0
2322:142.7
2306:165.5
2290:343.6
2261:Mean
2039:in a
1990:radon
1966:ozone
1832:) or
1674:Japan
1602:Cloud
1590:River
1539:Slush
1201:Cloud
987:Lists
979:Waste
924:Paint
749:Water
601:Space
344:Noise
316:Ozone
281:Light
62:2016
24194:good
24143:land
24121:land
23933:Rain
23789:wood
23764:food
23727:Game
23638:Life
23589:Soil
23565:peak
23558:sand
23433:Land
23423:Wind
23298:(US)
23275:(US)
22794:WASH
22750:List
22738:List
22271:Soil
21306:haze
21304:and
21035:Dust
21018:Misc
20437:Soil
20326:Rail
20312:Land
20156:Soot
20144:Smog
20060:Haze
19826:and
19818:and
19796:nose
19772:wood
19760:coal
19736:ISBN
19719:ISSN
19587:OCLC
19577:ISBN
19555:ISBN
19499:OECD
19452:2022
19427:2022
19389:PMID
19330:PMID
19312:ISSN
19244:PMID
19193:PMID
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