56:
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426:. At the head of the League, there was a strategus (Στρατηγός) or general; and the Council had a secretary (γραμματεύς), who appears to have been a person of importance, as in the Achaean and Aetolian Leagues. The chief priest (ἱεραπόλος) of the temple of Apollo at Actium seems to have been a person of high rank; and either his name or that of the strategus was employed for official dates, like that of the first Archon at Athens.
71:
435:
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694:, which was one of the Acarnanian towns, extended east of this river. The interior of Acarnania was covered with forests and mountains of no great elevation. Between these mountains there are several lakes, and many fertile valleys. The chief river of the country is the Achelous, which in the lower part of its course flows through a vast plain of great natural fertility, called after itself the
698:. By the 19th century, the plain was covered with marshes, and the greater part of it appeared to have been formed by the alluvial depositions of the Achelous. Owing to this circumstance, and to the river having frequently altered its channel, the southern part of the coast of Acarnania has undergone numerous changes since antiquity. The chief affluent of the Achelous in Acarnania is the
745:
speaks of iron mines, and also of a pearl-fishery off Actium. The chief wealth of the inhabitants consisted in their herds and flocks, which pastured in the rich meadows in the lower part of the
Achelous. There were numerous islands off the western coast of Acarnania. Of these the most important were
415:
At an early period, when part of
Amphilochia belonged to the Acarnanians, they used to hold a public judicial congress at Olpae, a fortified hill about 3 miles (4.8 km) from Argos Amphilochicum. Of the constitution of their League, we have scarcely any particulars. We learn from an inscription
870:
In the year 239 BC, the
Acarnanians, in the embassy which they sent to Rome to solicit assistance, pleaded that they had taken no part in the expedition against Troy, the ancestor of Rome, being the first time probably, as Thirlwall remarks, that they had ever boasted of the omission of their name
374:, who were barbarian or non-Hellenic nations. Like other rude mountaineers, the Acarnanians are praised for their fidelity and courage. They formed good light-armed troops, and were excellent slingers. They lived, for the most part, dispersed in villages, retiring, when attacked, to the mountains.
541:
became the capital of the region, but conflict with the
Aetolians remained. The Acarnanians in consequence united themselves closely to the Macedonian kings, to whom they remained faithful in their various vicissitudes of fortune. They refused to desert the cause of
558:
king of Syria, invaded Greece, 191 BC, the
Acarnanians were persuaded by their countryman Mnasilochus to espouse his cause; but on the expulsion of Antiochus from Greece, they came again under the supremacy of Rome. In the settlement of the affairs of Greece by
502:. The latter ravaged the country, but his expedition was not attended with any lasting consequences, whilst the cities of Acarnania surrendered to the Lacedaemonians under Agesilaus, and continued to be Spartan allies for a time, they joined the
466:, who took Argos, expelled the Ambraciots, and restored the town to the Amphilochians and Acarnanians. An alliance was now formally concluded between the Acarnamians and Athenians. The only towns of Acarnania which did not join it were
264:. The Taphii, or Teleboae were chiefly found in the islands off the western coast of Acarnania, where they maintained themselves by piracy. The Leleges were more widely disseminated, and were also in possession at one period of
462:, about 432 BC. The Acarnanians espoused the cause of the expelled Amphilochians, and in order to obtain the restoration of the latter, they applied for assistance to Athens. The Athenians accordingly sent an expedition under
486:. At the conclusion of this campaign they concluded a peace with the Ambraciots, although they still continued allies of Athens. In 391 BC we find the Acarnanians engaged in war with the Achaeans, who had taken possession of
477:
The
Acarnanians were of great service in maintaining the supremacy of Athens in the western part of Greece, and they distinguished themselves particularly in 426 BC, when they gained a signal victory under the command of
533:
border were conglomerated into fewer, larger settlements. Still, border conflicts with the
Aetolians were frequent, and led to Acarnania's territory being partitioned between Aetolia and
659:
Acarnania is composed of three main regions: 1) a rocky coastline, 2) a rugged strip of mountain range that follows the coastline, and 3) plains lying between these mountains and the
741:(Μυρτούντιον). Although the soil of Acarnania was fertile, it was not much cultivated by the inhabitants. The products of the country are rarely mentioned by the ancient writers.
362:
The ancient
Acarnanians, however, were Greeks, and as such were allowed to contend in the great Pan-Hellenic games, although they were closely connected with their neighbors, the
754:, lying between Leucas and Acarnania, and Leucas itself, which originally formed part of the mainland of Acarnania, but was afterwards separated from the latter by a canal.
315:. The original inhabitants of the country were driven more into the interior; they never made much progress in the arts of civilised life; and even at the time of the
272:, and other parts of Greece. The Curetes are said to have come from Aetolia, and to have settled in Acarnania, after they had been expelled from the former country by
1176:
738:
617:, and Acarnania fell under that city's rule; and in the time of Augustus emperor the country is described by Strabo as utterly worn out and exhausted.
404:, which the Acarnanians had fortified as a place of judicial meeting for the settlement of disputes. The meetings of the League were usually held at
319:, they were a rude and barbarous people, engaged in continual wars with their neighbours, and living by robbery and piracy. The settlements of
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55:
777:
537:
in, c. 250 BC. After the fall of the king of Epirus, the
Acarnanian territory that had been given to Epirus regained its independence, and
1147:
288:. If this tradition is of any value, it would intimate that an Argive colony settled on the coast of Acarnania at an early period.
709:
There are several promontories on the coast, but of these only two are especially named by writers in antiquity, the promontory of
442:
Because it is located strategically on the maritime route to Italy, Acarnania was involved in many wars. Their hatred against the
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1250:
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597:. When Greece was reduced to the form of a Roman province, it is doubtful whether Acarnania was annexed to the province of
594:
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stood. Of the inland lakes, the only one mentioned by name by the classical writers is that of Melite (Μελίτη; the modern
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94:
682:. It contained about 1,571 square miles (4,070 km). Under the Romans, or probably a little earlier, the river
249:, under the general name of "Epeirus" (῎ηπειρος), or the mainland, although he frequently mentions the Aetolians.
605:, but it is mentioned at a later time as part of Epirus. The inhabitants of several of its towns were removed by
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408:, which was the chief town in Acarnania; but, in the time of the Romans, the meetings took place either at
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settlers, who had deprived them of all their best ports, naturally led the
Acarnanians to side with the
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Anciently, Acarnania was reckoned the most westerly province of Greece, bounded on the north by the
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401:
911:, page 538, "Acarnania on the northern side of the Corinthian gulf was part of Epirus"
717:(Κριθωτή), on the west coast, forming one side of the small bay, on which the town of
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In the 7th century BC, Greek influence in the region became prominent when
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formed the boundary between Acarnania and Aetolia; but in the time of the
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The name of Acarnania appears to have been unknown in the earliest times.
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1166: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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in his war with the Romans, and it was not till after the capture of
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relates that they were united, however, in a political League (the
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In the 1st century BC, Acarnania suffered greatly at the hands of
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702:(Ἄναπος), which flowed into the main stream 80 stadia south of
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567:(168 BC), Leucas was separated from Acarnania, and the city of
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The country is said to have been originally inhabited by the
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903:
Adages III iv 1 to IV ii 100 by Desiderius Erasmus, 2005,
498:(Spartans), who sent an army into Acarnania, commanded by
276:
and his followers. The name of Acarnania is derived from
624:. When the empire was attacked by Western powers in the
550:, their principal town, and the defeat of Philip at the
510:
in their fight against Sparta, and with Athens against
181:. The capital and principal city in ancient times was
429:
359:that was maintained until the late 1st century BC.
525:, in 314 BC, at the behest of the Macedonian king
284:, who is said to have settled at the mouth of the
241:(8th century BC) only calls the country opposite
1237:
1131:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 2–3.
563:and the Roman commissioners after the defeat of
506:in 375 BC. The Acarnanians later sided with the
802:, one of the physicians of Alexander the Great
529:, the settlements of Acarnania lying near the
482:over the Peloponnesians and Ambraciots at the
574:
1151:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
729:. There was a lagoon, or salt lake, between
1171:
1126:
640:. Since 1832 it has been part of Greece.
423:Ἔδοξε τᾷ βουλᾷ καὶ τῷ κοινῷ τῶν Ἁκαρνάνων
173:. Today it forms the western part of the
165:for a boundary, and north of the gulf of
1135:
796:one of the tutors of Alexander the Great
438:Ancient coin of Acarnania, c. 300–167 BC
433:
357:loose confederation of Acarnanian powers
232:
223:
210:
1182:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
1127:Hornblower, Simon (1996). "Acarnania".
355:, this latter city being the seat of a
14:
1238:
757:
852:List of traditional Greek place names
386:wrote an account in a work now lost (
189:was considered part of the region of
185:. The north side of Acarnania of the
790:, seer at the battle of Thermopylae.
416:found at Punta, the site of ancient
841:List of cities in ancient Acarnania
674:, on the west and southwest by the
24:
554:that they submitted to Rome. When
25:
1262:
1219:
733:and the Ambracian gulf, to which
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1161:
632:and in 1348 it was conquered by
628:(1204), Acarnania passed to the
571:was appointed the new capital.
458:by the Corinthian settlers from
430:Classical and Hellenistic period
69:
54:
1129:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
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169:, which is the entrance to the
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933:Encyclopedia of ancient Greece
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636:. Then in 1480 it fell to the
620:In 395, it became part of the
215:Ancient Greek Northern regions
200:was traditionally ascribed to
149:) is a region of west-central
13:
1:
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613:, which he founded after the
1251:Historical regions in Greece
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143:
7:
883:, vol. viii. pp. 119 - 120.
847:List of cities in Acarnania
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871:from the Homeric catalog.
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578:
575:Roman and Byzantine period
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196:Acarnania's foundation in
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813:, guardian and regent of
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228:Map of ancient Acarnania.
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811:Aristomenes of Acarnania
75:Map of ancient Acarnania
1148:Encyclopædia Britannica
794:Lysimachus of Acarnania
581:Epirus (Roman province)
552:Battle of Cynoscephalae
396:mentions a hill, named
1185:. London: John Murray.
820:Alexander of Acarnania
670:, on the northeast by
504:Second Athenian League
439:
351:are also mentioned by
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216:
60:Ruins of the theatre,
1233:at Wikimedia Commons
782:Peisistratos (Athens)
678:, and on the east by
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233:Pre-Peloponnesian War
227:
214:
1175:, ed. (1854–1857). "
622:Eastern Roman Empire
512:Philip II of Macedon
153:that lies along the
1201: /
824:Antiochus the Great
815:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
806:Machatas (sculptor)
800:Philip of Acarnania
758:List of Acarnanians
690:, the territory of
630:Despotate of Epirus
523:Alexander the Great
456:Argos Amphilochicum
256:(or Teleboae), the
737:gives the name of
521:After the time of
440:
402:Amphilochian Argos
389:Ἀκαρνάνων Πολιτεία
230:
217:
1229:Media related to
1205:38.750°N 21.083°E
1142:"Acarnania"
836:Acarnanian League
688:Peloponnesian War
650:Aetolia-Acarnania
585:Nicopolis (theme)
454:from the town of
380:Acarnanian League
317:Peloponnesian War
179:Aetolia-Acarnania
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1157:Attribution
1065:, 36.11-12.
1053:, 33.16-17.
992:33.16, 17;
770:; see also
672:Amphilochia
480:Demosthenes
400:, near the
161:, with the
1240:Categories
1177:Acarna'nia
909:0802036430
891:References
780:, seer of
778:Amphilytus
739:Myrtuntium
676:Ionian Sea
444:Corinthian
394:Thucydides
353:Thucydides
297:Anactorium
260:, and the
247:Cephalonia
157:, west of
155:Ionian Sea
1246:Acarnania
1231:Acarnania
1038:Hellenica
973:Hellenica
788:Megistias
748:Echinades
655:Geography
611:Nicopolis
593:, and in
569:Thyrreion
527:Cassander
516:Chaeronea
508:Boeotians
448:Athenians
384:Aristotle
309:Kefalonia
204:, son of
145:Akarnanía
138:translit.
132:Ἀκαρνανία
123:Acarnania
39:Ἀκαρνανία
34:Acarnania
18:Akarnania
1095:, 36.19.
1077:, 45.31.
994:Polybius
875:, 28.1;
830:See also
727:Oeniadae
715:Crithote
692:Oeniadae
684:Achelous
607:Augustus
531:Aetolian
468:Oeniadae
460:Ambracia
364:Agraeans
345:Phoitiai
341:Palaerus
337:Oeniadae
311:settled
295:settled
286:Achelous
282:Alcmaeon
206:Alcmaeon
111:Dialects
91:Location
1196:21°05′E
1193:38°45′N
1170::
1121:Sources
1113:, 9.56.
1010:et seq.
996:, 28.5.
772:Carneia
768:Dorians
719:Astacus
704:Stratus
680:Aetolia
591:pirates
565:Perseus
492:Aetolia
488:Calydon
472:Astacus
464:Phormio
410:Thyrium
406:Stratus
370:on the
349:Stratus
329:Limnaea
325:Coronta
321:Alyzeia
313:Astacus
301:Sollium
293:Corinth
278:Acarnan
274:Aetolus
266:Aetolia
262:Curetes
258:Leleges
220:History
202:Acarnan
183:Stratos
167:Calydon
159:Aetolia
105:Stratos
81:Country
62:Stratos
1023:3.114.
1008:3.105
958:3.105.
923:2.102.
907:
873:Justin
764:Carnus
735:Strabo
731:Leucas
711:Actium
700:Anapus
644:Modern
634:Serbia
603:Epirus
601:or of
599:Achaea
548:Leucas
544:Philip
539:Leucas
535:Epirus
418:Actium
376:Strabo
333:Medion
307:, and
305:Leucas
270:Locris
254:Taphii
243:Ithaca
191:Epirus
151:Greece
141:
85:Greece
48:Region
1021:Thuc.
1006:Thuc.
978:Thuc.
976:4.6;
956:Thuc.
944:Thuc.
921:Thuc.
858:Notes
743:Pliny
398:Olpae
239:Homer
127:Greek
115:Doric
1110:N. H
1092:N. H
1075:Livy
1063:Livy
1051:Livy
1041:4.6.
1033:Xen.
990:Liv.
980:2.80
968:Xen.
946:1.5.
905:ISBN
746:the
583:and
470:and
366:and
347:and
303:and
245:and
1179:".
706:.
609:to
514:at
490:in
474:.
392:).
177:of
1242::
1145:.
1107:,
1089:,
1035:,
970:,
879:,
663:.
518:.
343:,
339:,
335:,
331:,
327:,
323:,
299:,
268:,
208:.
193:.
135:,
129::
843:.
784:.
774:.
125:(
20:)
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