810:
759:. Initially, she served Harun al-Rashid's chamberlain, al-Rabi' ibn Yunus, where she learned to sing. Later, she came under the ownership of the Barmakid family. However, after Ja'far ibn Yahya's death and the Barmakids' downfall, she went into hiding. Despite efforts by Caliph al-Rashid to find her, she remained elusive. Following al-Rashid's death, she became the property of al-Amin, staying with him until his demise, after which she fled. She later married al-Haytham ibn Bassam and bore him a son named Abdullah. Upon al-Haytham's death, she married al-Sindi ibn al-Harashi. Another concubine was Hadiyya. She was a singer, who had been trained and presented to al-Amin by his uncle
433:
55:
527:
743:, who was noted for her exceptional beauty. However, al-Amin died before the consummation of his marriage to Lubanah; her attested poetry includes a lament for his death: 'Oh hero lying dead in the open, betrayed by his commanders and guards. I cry over you not for the loss of my comfort and companionship, but for your spear, your horse and your dreams. I cry over my lord who widowed me before our wedding night'.
544:
repercussions: almost immediately after the court returned to
Baghdad in January 803, the Abbasid elites were shaken by the abrupt fall of the Barmakid family from power. On the one hand, this event may reflect the fact that the Barmakids had become indeed too powerful for the Caliph's liking, but its timing suggests that it was tied to the succession issue as well: with al-Amin siding with the
798:. The effects of this siege were made more intense by the rampaging prisoners who broke out of jail. There were several vicious battles, such as at al-Amin's palace of Qasr Halih, at Darb al- Hijarah and the al-Shammasiyyah Gate. In that last one Tahir led reinforcements to regain positions lost by another officer. Overall the situation was worsening for al-Amin and he became depressed.
767:. She hailed from Medina and was raised in Basra. Described as charming with fair skin, she was praised for her musical talent, particularly her skill in playing instruments, and was known for her exceptional ability as a songwriter and singer. After al-Amin's death, she became a concubine of Ali bin Hisham. Another concubine was Da'f. She was a songstress and was one of his favourites.
755:, a member of the Barmakid family, and claimed that she was abducted and sold as a child when the Barmakids lost their influence. Al-Amin acquired her and subsequently sold her to his brother al-Ma'mun. She gained recognition as a prominent poet, singer, and musician. Another concubine was Faridah. She was raised in the
635:. He had Harun's succession documents brought from Mecca to Baghdad, where he destroyed them. Then, he sent agents east to stir opposition to al-Ma'mun. However, a careful watch at the frontier denied them the opportunity. Al-Amin denied al-Ma'mun's request for his family and money and kept them in Baghdad.
801:
When Tahir pushed into the city, al-Amin sought to negotiate safe passage out. Tahir reluctantly agreed on the condition al-Amin turn over his sceptre, seal and other symbols of office. Al-Amin tried to leave on a boat, apparently with these symbols, rejecting warnings to wait. However, Tahir noticed
502:
element in the highest circles of the
Abbasid state, with the Barmakid family as its most notable representatives, was certainly a factor in the appointment of al-Ma'mun, linked through his mother with the eastern Iranian provinces, as heir and governor of Khurasan. The stipulations of the agreement,
403:), who had been born in September 786. However, Abdallah's mother was a Persian slave concubine, and his pure Abbasid lineage gave Muhammad seniority over his half-brother. Indeed, he was the only Abbasid caliph to claim such descent. Already in 792, Harun had Muhammad receive the oath of allegiance (
825:
When al-Amin was killed, one of
Zubaidah's eunuchs came to her and appealed to her to seek vengeance for al-Amin's blood as Aisha sought vengeance for the blood of Uthman (According to Eunuch's view). Zubaida, however, refused to do so. As al-Ma'mun refused to acknowledge al-Amin's son Musa as heir,
548:
and al-Ma'mun with the
Barmakids, and the two camps becoming more estranged every day, if al-Amin was to have a chance to succeed, the power of the Barmakids had to be broken. Indeed, the years after the fall of the Barmakids saw an increasing centralization of the administration and the concomitant
746:
One of his concubines was Fatm, also known as Nazm and Umm Musa. She was the mother of his son Musa. She died during his reign, and he mourned her loss deeply. When his mother
Zubaydah learned of his sorrow, she came to offer him solace, by reciting fitting verses from poetry. Another concubine was
623:
Al-Ma'mun had mistrusted al-Amin before their father's death and convinced Harun to take him with him on Harun's last journey east. Although Harun had instructed the
Baghdad commanders of this expedition to remain with al-Ma'mun, after Harun's death they returned to Baghdad. Al-Amin sought to turn
543:
These complex arrangements, sealed with mutual judicial and religious oaths, clearly demonstrate that Harun was conscious of their precariousness, in view of the profound differences between al-Amin and al-Ma'mun, both in character and in interests. Very quickly, this latent rivalry had important
779:
According to the Muslim historian Al Tabari, Al-Amin fell madly in love with one of his male slaves named
Kauthar, whom he had named after a river in heaven. In an effort to dissuade her son from Kauthar, al-Amin's mother insisted that his female slaves dress in men's attire to encourage him to
651:
to restore order there. There was fierce fighting and Abd al-Malik died. Al-Amin sent Ahmad ibn Mazyad and
Abdallah ibn Humayd east, each with an army (al-Tabari v. 31 p. 100 says each had 20,000 men). However, Tahir's agents sowed discord and these two armies fought against each other.
770:
Al-Amin tried to nominate his sons, Musa and
Abdullah, as heirs. Musa was born in 806, and passed away at a young age in December 823–January 824. Abdullah, who spent an extended period in the courts of subsequent caliphs, was the sole individual to continue the lineage of al-Amin.
691:
Despite the reservations of some of his senior ministers and governors, two months later, in
January 811, al-Amin formally began the civil war when he appointed Ali ibn Isa governor of Khurasan, placed him at the head of an unusually large army of 40,000 men, drawn from the
507:, accorded al-Mamun's Khurasani viceroyalty extensive autonomy. However, modern historians consider that these accounts may have been distorted by later apologists of al-Ma'mun in the latter's favour. Harun's third heir, al-Mu'tamin, received responsibility over the
725:
reminded worshippers that al-Amin had destroyed Harun ar Rashid's succession pledges and led them in swearing allegiance to al-Mamun. Dawud then went to Marv and presented himself to al-Ma'mun. Al-Ma'mun confirmed Dawud in his governorship of Mecca and Medina.
624:
al-Ma'mun's financial agent in Rayy against al-Ma'mun and he ordered al-Ma'mun to acknowledge al-Amin's son Musa as heir and return to Baghdad. Al-Ma'mun replaced his agent in Rayy and refused the orders. His mother was Persian and he had strong support in
553:, many of whom were now dispatched to take up positions as provincial governors and bring these provinces under closer control from Baghdad. This led to unrest in the provinces, especially Khurasan, where local elites had a long-standing rivalry with the
483:
which brought the Abbasids to power, and retained a privileged position among the Caliphate's provinces. Furthermore, the Abbasid dynasty relied heavily on Khurasanis as military leaders and administrators. Many of the original Khurasani Arab army
673:
Under the influence of their respective ministers, al-Amin and al-Ma'mun took steps that further polarized the political climate and made the breach irreparable. After al-Ma'mun symbolically removed al-Amin's name from his coins and from the
611:). Al-Amin smoothly succeeded him. The majority of army commanders on the Khorasan expedition decided to obey new caliph's order to return to Baghdad. The rebel chose to surrender himself to Harun's son and new governor of Khurasan,
1260:. Translated by Shawkat M. Toorawa and the Editors of the Library of Arabic Literature. Introduction by Julia Bray, Foreword by Marina Warner. New York: New York University Press. pp. 31, 59.
696:, and sent him to depose al-Ma'mun. When Ali ibn Isa set out for Khurasan, he reportedly took along a set of silver chains with which to bind al-Ma'mun and carry him back to Baghdad.
717:
Tahir took Ahwaz and gained control of Bahrayn and parts of Arabia. Basra and Kufa swore allegiance to al-Ma'mun. Tahir advanced on Baghdad and defeated a force sent against him. In
678:, in November 810 al-Amin removed al-Ma'mun and al-Mu'tamin from the succession and nominated his own sons Musa and Abdallah instead. Al-Ma'mun replied by declaring himself
615:. He was pardoned, and nothing more is known of him after. Al-Amin continued the progressive moves of his father. The first two years of his reign were generally peaceful.
802:
the boat, and al-Amin was thrown into the water, swam to shore, was captured and then brought to a room, where he was executed. His head was placed on the Anbar Gate.
684:, a religious title which shied of directly challenging the Caliph but nevertheless implied independent authority, as well as hearkening back to the early days of the
809:
2183:
1411:
806:(v. 31 pp. 197–202) quotes Tahir's letter to al-Ma'mun informing him of al-Amin's capture and execution and the state of peace resulting in Baghdad.
1281:
Moukheiber, Karen (2018). "Abbasid Concubines and Slave Courtesans in Adab Discourse: Cultural Mediators for an Ethical Appreciation of Pleasure".
463:
These arrangements were confirmed and publicly proclaimed in 802, when Harun and the most powerful officials of the Abbasid government made the
1758:
557:
and their tendency to control of the province (and its revenues) from Iraq. The harsh taxation imposed by a prominent member of the
1928:
2188:
2091:
1648:
1604:
1553:
1475:
1395:
1353:
1323:
1298:
1265:
1237:
1186:
1161:
413:("The Trustworthy"), effectively marking him out as his main heir, while Abdallah was not named second heir, under the name
2178:
2128:
2173:
1634:
1590:
1517:
1385:
631:
The brothers had different mothers. Al-Amin was prompted to move against al-Ma'mun by meddlesome ministers, especially
1452:
1423:
1129:
722:
2198:
1105:
343:
Al-Amin succeeded his father, Harun al-Rashid, in 809 and ruled until he was deposed and killed in 813, during the
1119:
1500:
789:
2193:
1751:
1468:
The New Cambridge History of Islam, Volume 1: The Formation of the Islamic World, Sixth to Eleventh Centuries
516:
740:
162:
20:
1887:
847:
795:
1625:
1577:
479:. This was an appointment of particular significance, as Khurasan had been the starting-point of the
1744:
1496:
1445:
Reinterpreting Islamic Historiography: Hārūn al-Rashı̄d and the Narrative of the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate
1202:
2066:
2051:
1767:
1714:
1545:
The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century
763:. Another concubine was Badhal. She had been formerly a concubine of al-Amin's cousin Ja'far bin
632:
569:, which eventually forced Harun himself, accompanied by al-Ma'mun and the powerful chamberlain (
2076:
835:
747:
Umm Abdullah. She was the mother of his son Abdullah. She was a poetess. Another concubine was
648:
326:
298:
2168:
2026:
1973:
841:
748:
700:
600:
562:
375:
263:
173:
432:
54:
2096:
1820:
760:
8:
2163:
2158:
1344:
752:
711:
576:
475:, but al-Ma'mun would remain al-Amin's heir and would additionally rule over an enlarged
452:
426:
45:
24:
1581:
480:
1568:
579:, to travel to the province in 808. Al-Ma'mun was sent ahead with part of the army to
2121:
2111:
2081:
1718:
1644:
1600:
1549:
1527:
1471:
1463:
1448:
1419:
1391:
1349:
1319:
1294:
1261:
1233:
1182:
1157:
1125:
1101:
604:
566:
422:
197:
77:
1585:
2101:
2041:
1990:
1948:
1616:
1487:
1286:
708:
512:
448:
417:("The Trusted One") until 799. Both brothers were assigned members of the powerful
2071:
2056:
2046:
2016:
1983:
1809:
1707:
1668:
1543:
1539:
596:
499:
440:
364:
317:
289:
283:
253:
243:
226:
95:
41:
1443:
El-Hibri, Tayeb (1999). "Al-Amīn: the challenge of regicide in Islamic memory".
526:
2086:
1978:
1918:
1871:
1866:
1851:
1831:
1629:
1621:
1573:
1563:
1512:
1504:
360:
337:
1290:
2152:
1943:
1856:
1841:
1531:
1508:
1492:
675:
520:
508:
494:
492:
and the new Abbasid capital, Baghdad, and became an elite group known as the
456:
1203:"Kitab al-Agani : 'Al ibn al-usain, Ab al-Faraj, al-Isbahni, Volume 10"
2116:
2106:
2061:
1958:
1938:
1826:
1728:
1100:, ed. and trans. by Abdullah al-Udhari (London: Saqi Books, 1999), p. 120;
704:
668:
612:
393:
348:
344:
105:
2036:
2031:
1913:
1908:
1881:
1846:
1698:
1676:
659:
led by Ali ibn Isa's son Husayn. This was quelled and Husayn was killed.
489:
273:
1181:. Studies in Arabic language and literature. Harrassowitz. p. 171.
2021:
1963:
1953:
1933:
1903:
1876:
1861:
436:
59:
19:
This article is about the Abbasid caliph. For the Islamic prophet, see
1836:
1794:
1789:
1339:
803:
794:
In 812, Tahir advanced and set up camp near Baghdad's Anbar Gate and
608:
584:
504:
405:
379:
1968:
1923:
1893:
1799:
476:
418:
2141:
indicates ephemeral caliphs recognized in the city of Baghdad only
1736:
813:
The victory of al-Maʿmun over al-Amin. Folio from a manuscript of
599:
died in March 809. (Harun had dismissed Ali and replaced him with
1898:
1804:
1779:
1387:
Engaging Ethically in a Strange New World: A View from Down Under
764:
656:
530:
472:
444:
238:
121:
63:
1285:. Vol. 24. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers. pp. 113–130.
2002:
1775:
1230:
Concubines and Courtesans: Women and Slavery in Islamic History
1156:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 207–8, 209–10, 230–31.
818:
498:("sons of the state/dynasty"). This large-scale presence of an
73:
1316:
The Slave Girls of Baghdad: The Qiyan in the Early Abbasid Era
1030:
1028:
2006:
1121:
Arab Women in the Middle Ages: Private Lives and Public Roles
844:(779/80 – 3 July 811), Abbasid military general under al-Amin
756:
718:
644:
571:
468:
309:
1470:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 269–304.
1025:
680:
625:
580:
464:
359:
Muhammad, the future al-Amin, was born in April 787 to the
1462:
El-Hibri, Tayeb (2010). "The empire in Iraq, 763–861". In
1013:
960:
1154:
Two Queens of Baghdad: Mother and Wife of Hārūn Al Rashīd
1079:
1069:
1067:
991:
989:
987:
972:
936:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
603:, and in 808 marched himself east to deal with the rebel
488:) that came west with the Abbasids were given estates in
392:
Muhammad had an elder half-brother, Abdallah, the future
354:
1371:بحث مختصر في الشجرة النبوية على طريقة علم الانساب الحديث
914:
912:
308:; April 787 – 24/25 September 813), better known by his
1258:
Consorts of the Caliphs: Women and the Court of Baghdad
1052:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
1221:
1064:
1001:
984:
948:
924:
861:
1040:
909:
850:, great uncle, governor and important aide of al-Amin
1332:
1098:
Classical Poems by Arab Women: A Bilingual Anthology
882:
707:. Ali advanced on Rayy. Al-Ma'mun's capable general
378:, herself descended from the second Abbasid caliph,
331:
303:
1412:"On Fiction and Adab in Medieval Arabic Literature"
1384:Bräutigam, Michael; Asquith, Gillian (2019-07-11).
1615:
1567:
1486:
688:movement which had carried the Abbasids to power.
1179:On Fiction and Adab in Medieval Arabic Literature
533:coinage, naming al-Amin as governor of Khurasan,
2150:
1383:
2184:9th-century executions by the Abbasid Caliphate
503:which were recorded in detail by the historian
1447:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 59–94.
699:In March 811 al-Amin dispatched an army under
1752:
618:
751:. She asserted that she was the daughter of
1255:
1759:
1745:
1635:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1591:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1518:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1280:
1274:
1227:
780:engage in sexual relationships with them.
1643:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 331–339.
1599:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 385–386.
1526:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 437–438.
1338:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1569:"Rāfiʿ b. al- Layt̲h̲ b. Naṣr b. Sayyār"
1562:
1484:
1461:
1442:
1251:
1249:
1195:
1058:
1034:
995:
966:
954:
930:
876:
808:
525:
431:
1538:
1368:
1362:
1313:
1307:
1232:. Oxford University Press. p. 64.
1176:
1117:
1073:
1019:
1007:
978:
942:
918:
2151:
1613:
1318:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 245.
1151:
1138:
1085:
1046:
903:
774:
662:
638:
421:family as tutors: al-Amin's tutor was
355:Early life and the issue of succession
1740:
1418:. edited by Philip F. Kennedy. 2005.
1348:. Taylor & Francis. p. 138.
1246:
305:Abū Mūsā Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Rashīd
1548:(Second ed.). Harlow: Longman.
1170:
1766:
1723:24 March 809 – 24/25 September 813
321:
293:
13:
14:
2210:
607:, but died in March 809 while at
587:, where he died on 24 March 809.
471:. Al-Amin would succeed Harun in
23:. For Bangladeshi cricketer, see
729:
53:
1416:Masudi and the reign of Al-Amin
1404:
1377:
1228:Gordon, M.; Hain, K.A. (2017).
1118:Guthrie, Shirley (2013-08-01).
1111:
1091:
398:
384:
369:
87:24 March 809 – 27 September 813
16:6th Abbasid caliph (r. 809–813)
826:the throne went to al-Ma'mun.
455:Harun al-Rashid and his first
1:
2189:9th-century murdered monarchs
1390:. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
854:
655:Al-Amin faced an uprising in
565:, even led to a revolt under
549:rise of the influence of the
534:
294:أبو موسى محمد بن هارون الرشيد
741:Lubana bint Ali ibn al-Mahdi
590:
163:Lubana bint Ali ibn al-Mahdi
21:Names and titles of Muhammad
7:
2179:9th-century Abbasid caliphs
1283:Pleasure in the Middle Ages
829:
332:
304:
10:
2215:
2174:People of the Fourth Fitna
1436:
838:, Abbasid military General
790:Siege of Baghdad (812–813)
787:
666:
619:Hostility towards al-Mamun
451:(800 CE) with the name of
134:Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate
132:27 September 813 (aged 26)
18:
2139:
2001:
1774:
1725:
1712:
1704:
1697:
1660:
1291:10.1484/m.imr-eb.5.113464
734:
453:Commander of the Faithful
269:
259:
249:
237:
224:
219:
215:
196:
148:
138:
128:
115:
111:
101:
91:
83:
71:
52:
39:
32:
783:
739:Al-Amin's only wife was
643:Al-Amin faced unrest in
583:, while Harun stayed at
425:, while al-Ma'mun's was
2199:Sons of Harun al-Rashid
1888:Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz
848:Sulayman ibn Abi Ja'far
1369:Qūwaṭlī, M.N. (1996).
1314:Caswell, F.M. (2011).
1177:Kennedy, P.F. (2005).
1152:Abbott, Nabia (1946).
836:Abd al-Malik ibn Salih
822:
649:Abd al-Malik ibn Salih
540:
460:
282:Abū Mūsā Muḥammad ibn
225:Abū Mūsā Muḥammad ibn
62:of al-Amin, minted in
1485:Gabrieli, F. (1960).
842:Ali ibn Isa ibn Mahan
812:
714:Ali, who was killed.
701:Ali ibn Isa ibn Mahan
575:) and chief minister
563:Ali ibn Isa ibn Mahan
529:
435:
347:by his half-brother,
2194:Assassinated caliphs
1821:Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi
1256:Ibn al-Sāʿī (2017).
761:Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi
633:al-Fadl ibn al-Rabi'
264:Zubaidah bint Ja`far
1692:24/25 September 813
1614:Rekaya, M. (1991).
1088:, pp. 332–333.
1037:, pp. 385–386.
1022:, pp. 144–145.
981:, pp. 142–143.
969:, pp. 282–283.
945:, pp. 133–135.
775:Other relationships
663:Civil war (811–813)
639:Internal rebellions
577:al-Fadl ibn al-Rabi
409:) with the name of
124:, Abbasid Caliphate
25:al-Amin (cricketer)
1699:Sunni Islam titles
1501:Lévi-Provençal, E.
1464:Robinson, Chase F.
823:
821:, dated 1573–1574.
601:Harthama ibn A'yan
541:
481:Abbasid Revolution
461:
2146:
2145:
2122:al-Mutawakkil III
2112:al-Mutawakkil III
1735:
1734:
1726:Succeeded by
1719:Abbasid Caliphate
1650:978-90-04-08112-3
1606:978-90-04-09834-3
1555:978-0-582-40525-7
1477:978-0-521-83823-8
1397:978-1-5326-8805-8
1355:978-1-136-14522-3
1325:978-1-78672-959-0
1300:978-2-503-57520-9
1267:978-1-4798-0477-1
1239:978-0-19-062218-3
1188:978-3-447-05182-8
1163:978-0-86356-031-6
796:besieged the city
605:Rafi ibn al-Layth
567:Rafi ibn al-Layth
517:Upper Mesopotamia
423:al-Fadl ibn Yahya
340:from 809 to 813.
336:), was the sixth
330:
302:
279:
278:
233:
232:
78:Abbasid Caliphate
2206:
2129:Ottoman conquest
2102:al-Mutawakkil II
1761:
1754:
1747:
1738:
1737:
1705:Preceded by
1693:
1686:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1619:
1610:
1582:Heinrichs, W. P.
1571:
1559:
1535:
1490:
1481:
1458:
1430:
1429:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1253:
1244:
1243:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1207:Internet Archive
1199:
1193:
1192:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1149:
1136:
1135:
1115:
1109:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
982:
976:
970:
964:
958:
952:
946:
940:
934:
928:
922:
916:
907:
901:
880:
874:
753:Ja'far ibn Yahya
712:met and defeated
709:Tahir bin Husain
539:
536:
513:Byzantine Empire
459:, prince al-Amin
427:Ja'far ibn Yahya
402:
400:
388:
386:
373:
371:
335:
325:
323:
307:
297:
295:
217:
216:
57:
46:Amir al-Mu'minin
30:
29:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2135:
2072:al-Mutawakkil I
2057:al-Mutawakkil I
2047:al-Mutawakkil I
2017:al-Mustansir II
2009:
1997:
1991:Mongol conquest
1810:Harun al-Rashid
1782:
1770:
1768:Abbasid Caliphs
1765:
1731:
1722:
1710:
1708:Harun al-Rashid
1687:
1681:
1680:
1672:
1669:Abbasid dynasty
1665:
1651:
1622:Bosworth, C. E.
1607:
1574:Bosworth, C. E.
1564:Bosworth, C. E.
1556:
1478:
1455:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1426:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1382:
1378:
1373:. دار البشائر،.
1367:
1363:
1356:
1345:Meadows Of Gold
1337:
1333:
1326:
1312:
1308:
1301:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1226:
1222:
1212:
1210:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1189:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1150:
1139:
1132:
1116:
1112:
1096:
1092:
1084:
1080:
1072:
1065:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1033:
1026:
1018:
1014:
1006:
1002:
994:
985:
977:
973:
965:
961:
953:
949:
941:
937:
929:
925:
917:
910:
902:
883:
875:
862:
857:
832:
792:
786:
777:
737:
732:
671:
665:
641:
621:
597:Harun al-Rashid
593:
537:
397:
383:
368:
365:Harun al-Rashid
357:
254:Harun al-Rashid
211:
192:
157:
156:
144:
133:
120:
96:Harun al-Rashid
67:
44:
34:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2212:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2087:al-Mustakfi II
2084:
2082:al-Mu'tadid II
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2013:
2011:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1986:
1981:
1979:al-Mustansir I
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1786:
1784:
1772:
1771:
1764:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1741:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1724:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1673:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1649:
1626:van Donzel, E.
1611:
1605:
1578:van Donzel, E.
1560:
1554:
1536:
1497:Kramers, J. H.
1493:Gibb, H. A. R.
1482:
1476:
1459:
1453:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1403:
1396:
1376:
1361:
1354:
1331:
1324:
1306:
1299:
1273:
1266:
1245:
1238:
1220:
1194:
1187:
1169:
1162:
1137:
1130:
1110:
1090:
1078:
1076:, p. 148.
1063:
1061:, p. 285.
1051:
1049:, p. 332.
1039:
1024:
1012:
1010:, p. 144.
1000:
998:, p. 283.
983:
971:
959:
957:, p. 282.
947:
935:
933:, p. 274.
923:
921:, p. 142.
908:
906:, p. 331.
881:
879:, p. 437.
859:
858:
856:
853:
852:
851:
845:
839:
831:
828:
788:Main article:
785:
782:
776:
773:
736:
733:
731:
728:
667:Main article:
664:
661:
640:
637:
620:
617:
592:
589:
538: 796–801
509:frontier areas
495:abnāʾ al-dawla
401: 813–833
387: 754–775
372: 786–809
356:
353:
338:Abbasid caliph
277:
276:
271:
267:
266:
261:
257:
256:
251:
247:
246:
241:
235:
234:
231:
230:
222:
221:
213:
212:
210:
209:
206:
202:
200:
194:
193:
191:
190:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
171:
168:
165:
154:
153:
152:
150:
146:
145:
142:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
117:
113:
112:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
69:
68:
58:
50:
49:
37:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2211:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2042:al-Mu'tadid I
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2027:al-Mustakfi I
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1944:al-Mustarshid
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1842:al-Mutawakkil
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1750:
1748:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1730:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1671:
1670:
1664:
1659:
1652:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1540:Kennedy, Hugh
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1454:0-521-65023-2
1450:
1446:
1441:
1440:
1427:
1425:9783447051828
1421:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1399:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1380:
1372:
1365:
1357:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1327:
1321:
1317:
1310:
1302:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1277:
1269:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1250:
1241:
1235:
1231:
1224:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1190:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1165:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1133:
1131:9780863567643
1127:
1123:
1122:
1114:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1087:
1082:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1060:
1059:El-Hibri 2010
1055:
1048:
1043:
1036:
1035:Bosworth 1995
1031:
1029:
1021:
1016:
1009:
1004:
997:
996:El-Hibri 2010
992:
990:
988:
980:
975:
968:
967:El-Hibri 2010
963:
956:
955:El-Hibri 2010
951:
944:
939:
932:
931:El-Hibri 2010
927:
920:
915:
913:
905:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
878:
877:Gabrieli 1960
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
860:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
833:
827:
820:
816:
811:
807:
805:
799:
797:
791:
781:
772:
768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
744:
742:
730:Personal life
727:
724:
723:Dawud ibn Isa
720:
715:
713:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
689:
687:
683:
682:
677:
676:Friday prayer
670:
660:
658:
653:
650:
646:
636:
634:
629:
627:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
573:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
547:
532:
528:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
501:
497:
496:
491:
487:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
407:
395:
390:
381:
377:
366:
362:
352:
350:
346:
341:
339:
334:
328:
319:
315:
311:
306:
300:
291:
287:
285:
275:
272:
268:
265:
262:
258:
255:
252:
248:
245:
242:
240:
236:
228:
223:
218:
214:
207:
204:
203:
201:
199:
195:
186:
183:
180:
177:
175:
172:
169:
166:
164:
161:
160:
159:
158:
151:
147:
141:
137:
131:
127:
123:
118:
114:
110:
107:
104:
100:
97:
94:
90:
86:
82:
79:
75:
70:
65:
61:
56:
51:
48:
47:
43:
38:
31:
26:
22:
2169:Arab Muslims
2126:
2117:al-Mustamsik
2107:al-Mustamsik
2097:al-Mustanjid
2067:al-Musta'sim
2062:al-Wathiq II
2052:al-Musta'sim
1988:
1984:al-Musta'sim
1959:al-Mustanjid
1939:al-Mustazhir
1886:
1819:
1814:
1713:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1674:Clan of the
1667:
1662:
1640:
1633:
1596:
1595:Volume VIII:
1589:
1544:
1523:
1516:
1467:
1444:
1415:
1406:
1386:
1379:
1370:
1364:
1343:
1334:
1315:
1309:
1282:
1276:
1257:
1229:
1223:
1211:. Retrieved
1209:. p. 97
1206:
1197:
1178:
1172:
1153:
1120:
1113:
1106:086356-047-4
1097:
1093:
1081:
1074:Kennedy 2004
1054:
1042:
1020:Kennedy 2004
1015:
1008:Kennedy 2004
1003:
979:Kennedy 2004
974:
962:
950:
943:Kennedy 2004
938:
926:
919:Kennedy 2004
824:
814:
800:
793:
778:
769:
745:
738:
716:
698:
693:
690:
685:
679:
672:
669:Fourth Fitna
654:
642:
630:
622:
594:
570:
558:
554:
550:
545:
542:
493:
486:Khurasaniyya
485:
462:
414:
410:
404:
391:
358:
342:
313:
281:
280:
170:Umm Abdullah
40:
2077:al-Musta'in
2037:al-Hakim II
2032:al-Wathiq I
2010:(1261–1517)
1909:al-Mustakfi
1882:al-Muqtadir
1872:al-Mu'tadid
1867:al-Mu'tamid
1852:al-Musta'in
1847:al-Muntasir
1832:al-Mu'tasim
1677:Banu Hashim
1630:Pellat, Ch.
1617:"al-Maʾmūn"
1586:Lecomte, G.
1513:Pellat, Ch.
1505:Schacht, J.
1086:Rekaya 1991
1047:Rekaya 1991
904:Rekaya 1991
817:, probably
274:Sunni Islam
92:Predecessor
2164:813 deaths
2159:787 births
2153:Categories
2022:al-Hakim I
1964:al-Mustadi
1954:al-Muqtafi
1934:al-Muqtadi
1904:al-Muttaqi
1877:al-Muktafi
1862:al-Muhtadi
1857:al-Mu'tazz
1783:(749–1258)
1639:Volume VI:
855:References
815:Nigaristan
686:Hashimiyya
647:. He sent
465:pilgrimage
443:minted in
60:Gold dinar
1949:al-Rashid
1837:al-Wathiq
1827:al-Ma'mun
1795:al-Mansur
1790:al-Saffah
1729:al-Ma'mun
1685:April 787
1532:495469456
1522:Volume I:
1509:Lewis, B.
1488:"al-Amīn"
1340:al-Masudi
1213:April 20,
804:Al-Tabari
705:al-Ma'mun
613:al-Ma'mun
591:Caliphate
511:with the
505:al-Tabari
415:al-Maʾmūn
394:al-Ma'mun
380:al-Mansur
349:al-Ma'mun
345:civil war
327:romanized
299:romanized
119:April 787
106:al-Ma'mun
102:Successor
2092:al-Qa'im
1974:al-Zahir
1969:al-Nasir
1929:al-Qa'im
1924:al-Qadir
1919:al-Ta'i'
1914:al-Muti'
1894:al-Qahir
1800:al-Mahdi
1641:Mahk–Mid
1632:(eds.).
1588:(eds.).
1566:(1995).
1542:(2004).
1515:(eds.).
1342:(2013).
830:See also
703:against
531:Bukharan
477:Khurasan
419:Barmakid
270:Religion
208:Abdallah
149:Consorts
42:Khalifah
2003:Caliphs
1899:al-Radi
1815:al-Amin
1805:al-Hadi
1780:Baghdad
1776:Caliphs
1717:of the
1663:al-Amin
1597:Ned–Sam
1466:(ed.).
1437:Sources
765:al-Hadi
657:Baghdad
500:Iranian
473:Baghdad
445:Baghdad
411:al-Amīn
376:Zubayda
363:caliph
361:Abbasid
333:al-Amīn
329::
314:al-Amin
301::
286:al-Amīn
244:Abbasid
239:Dynasty
229:al-Amīn
181:Hadiyya
178:Faridah
143:Baghdad
122:Baghdad
76:of the
64:Baghdad
33:al-Amin
1715:Caliph
1688:
1647:
1628:&
1603:
1584:&
1552:
1530:
1511:&
1474:
1451:
1422:
1394:
1352:
1322:
1297:
1264:
1236:
1185:
1160:
1128:
1104:
819:Shiraz
735:Family
406:bay'ah
374:) and
322:الأمين
318:Arabic
290:Arabic
260:Mother
250:Father
184:Badhal
139:Burial
74:Caliph
66:in 811
35:الأمين
2007:Cairo
1690:Died:
1683:Born:
1620:. In
1572:. In
1491:. In
784:Death
757:Hejaz
719:Mecca
694:abnaʾ
645:Syria
595:When
572:hajib
559:abnāʾ
555:abnāʾ
551:abnāʾ
546:abnāʾ
521:Syria
469:Mecca
441:Harun
437:Dinar
310:laqab
284:Hārūn
227:Hārūn
220:Names
198:Issue
84:Reign
1645:ISBN
1601:ISBN
1550:ISBN
1528:OCLC
1472:ISBN
1449:ISBN
1420:ISBN
1392:ISBN
1350:ISBN
1320:ISBN
1295:ISBN
1262:ISBN
1234:ISBN
1215:2024
1183:ISBN
1158:ISBN
1126:ISBN
1102:ISBN
749:Arib
681:imam
626:Iran
581:Marv
519:and
490:Iraq
457:Heir
447:184
205:Musa
187:Da'f
174:Arib
167:Fatm
155:List
129:Died
116:Born
72:6th
2005:of
1778:of
1524:A–B
1287:doi
609:Tus
585:Tus
515:in
467:to
439:of
389:).
312:of
2155::
1637:.
1624:;
1580:;
1576:;
1520:.
1507:;
1503:;
1499:;
1495:;
1414:.
1293:.
1248:^
1205:.
1140:^
1124:.
1066:^
1027:^
986:^
911:^
884:^
863:^
721:,
628:.
561:,
535:c.
523:.
449:AH
429:.
399:r.
385:r.
370:r.
351:.
324:,
320::
296:,
292::
2131:)
2127:(
1993:)
1989:(
1760:e
1753:t
1746:v
1653:.
1609:.
1593:.
1558:.
1534:.
1480:.
1457:.
1428:.
1400:.
1358:.
1328:.
1303:.
1289::
1270:.
1242:.
1217:.
1191:.
1166:.
1134:.
1108:.
484:(
396:(
382:(
367:(
316:(
288:(
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)