532:, as heir-apparent, show that al-Mustakfi confidently intended to emulate his father's successful reign, but in reality, the new caliph was a puppet of the Turkic troops, facing an empty treasury, and with the resulting chaos and poverty threatening even Baghdad with famine. The only freedom for political manoeuvre remaining to the caliphs of this period was to choose which of the neighbouring warlords to ally with. For the warlords, the caliph was a source of legitimacy, and an astute caliph might be able rotate his support among the different warlords in the same way his predecessors had previously changed their
50:
407:
3045:
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as young princes. When al-Mustakfi was enthroned, al-Fadl prudently went into hiding, and the vengeful al-Mustakfi had his house burned down. The new regime in
Baghdad was threatened from the east and south by the Buyids, who had allied themselves with the Baridis of Basra. A Buyid attempt to capture
617:
officers against Mu'izz al-Dawla. As a result, he was deposed on 29 January 946 (or 9 March, according to other accounts) on Mu'izz al-Dawla's orders. The reason given for al-Mustakfi's deposition was likely a mere pretext; historian Harold Bowen called the act a "political necessity" that also was
521:
Al-Mustakfi's accession meant the restoration of the line of al-Muktafi's line to the throne after 36 years, and from the start the new caliph made deliberate allusions to his father: the chosen regnal name deliberately echoed that of al-Muktafi, and he is said to have worn his father's ceremonial
582:
Finding himself unable to control affairs, Ibn
Shirzad requested the aid of the Hamdanid Nasir al-Dawla from Mosul. Just then the governor of Wasit surrendered to the Buyid leader Ahmad ibn Buya, and joined him in his march on Baghdad. Left leaderless, the Turkic troops of the capital made no
639:
Al-Mustakfi was also blinded, apparently as a revenge act initiated by al-Muti, and spent the rest of his life as a prisoner in the caliphal palace, where he died in
September 949. Some attempts were made to reclaim the caliphate from al-Muti by members of al-Muktafi's line, but these were
539:
At the same time, al-Mustakfi persecuted potential rivals, in the person of al-Fadl, the chief of the remaining sons of al-Muqtadir and brother of the two previous caliphs, al-Muttaqi and al-Radi. Al-Mustakfi and al-Fadl were said to have hated each other already during their stay in the
609:
passed not to Mu'izz al-Dawla, but to the oldest brother, Imad al-Dawla, who was the chief Buyid emir. As al-Mustakfi was now under Buyid control, the
Hamdanids promptly stopped recognizing him as caliph, and proclaimed their allegiance to the former caliph al-Muttaqi.
583:
preparations to resist. Ibn
Shirzad and the Caliph went into hiding, emerging only when the Turks had left the city to join the Hamdanids. When a messenger of Ahmad ibn Buya arrived at the capital, al-Mustakfi pretended to be delighted at their arrival.
632:. Lacking any real power, the new caliph was effectively a puppet ruler who granted the Buyid regime legitimacy. Following the conclusion of a peace agreement in summer 946, the Hamdanids acknowledged al-Muti as caliph, but in the east, the
549:
in spring 944 failed, as did a thrust on
Baghdad while Tuzun was preoccupied in the north in the summer 944. In spring 945, the Buyids managed to occupy Wasit, but after Tuzun concluded peace with the Hamdanids, they were forced to retreat.
454:
control over the
Abbasid government. At the same time, the Abbasid dynasty itself was consumed by rivalries and infighting, chiefly between the descendants of al-Muktafi on the one hand and those of his brother and successor,
648:
rulers. After the death of Mu'izz al-Dawla in 967, al-Mustakfi's son and designated heir, Abu'l-Hasan
Muhammad, came to Iraq and managed to gather a considerable following by hiding his identity and claiming to be the
653:, but eventually he was discovered and captured. Although he managed to escape, his hopes of seizing the throne were never realized. This marked the end of the caliphal pretensions of the line of al-Mustakfi as well.
312:
that reigned in 908–944, a period during which the
Abbasid Caliphate nearly collapsed, and caliphs became puppets at the hands of rival warlords. Al-Mustakfi himself was installed on the throne by
567:), to bolster his claim to Islamic leadership. He also took measures against Shi'a followers, imprisoning the Shi'a leader al-Shafi'i, and dismissed corrupt judges, including the chief
500:. He tried to exploit the rivalries of the regional warlords to recover the independence and authority of his office, but his attempts failed, and he was deposed and blinded by the
332:, but was soon accused of plotting against them and deposed in January (or March) 946. He spent the final years of his life in prison. His son attempted to claim the caliphate in
477:), three of al-Muktafi's sons were executed or imprisoned, while the Caliph faced challenges from two of his own brothers and other collateral lines of Abbasid princes as well.
591:
The Buyid forces entered
Baghdad without opposition, and on 21 December, al-Mustakfi was forced to recognize the Buyids' authority. Ahmad was granted the honorific title of
557:, who did not enjoy the same authority with the troops. Ibn Shirzad's weakness was quickly exploited by the Caliph, who assumed a new title, that of 'Rightful
3102:
513:, this unprecedented deed signalled the final collapse of caliphal authority. In al-Muttaqi's stead, al-Mustakfi was raised to the throne, at the age of 41.
2937:
1770:
628:
caliphs), for fear of his men obeying the caliph rather than him. Instead, he raised al-Fadl, who emerged from hiding, to the caliphate with the name
621:
Although the Buyids and their followers were Shi'a sympathizers, Mu'izz al-Dawla preferred not to risk installing a Shi'a caliph (or recognizing the
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553:
Tuzun was able to fend off various challengers to retain control of Baghdad, but he died in August 945 and was replaced by his secretary
320:. In the power vacuum left after Tuzun's death in August 945, al-Mustakfi tried to regain some of his freedom of action, initiating anti-
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1941:
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of western Iran, as well as various military strongmen—competing for control of the very capital of the caliphate,
2159:
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in 960, taking the caliphal name al-Mustajir bi'llah ("Seeking Support in God"), but was defeated by the local
418:
had fallen into decline: its outlying provinces lost to local dynasts, its finances in ruin, and warlords—the
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to capture Baghdad. Al-Mustakfi was forced to recognize the Buyids as legitimate rulers and awarded them
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concubine, Ghusn. He is described by the chroniclers as being fond of sports and games, partial to
143:
1666:
1651:
1367:
1314:
1223:
The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century
398:, and his participation in 'vulgar' games was an affront to the more pious sections of society.
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1898:
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The Buwayhid Dynasty in Iraq 334 H./945 to 403 H./1012: Shaping Institutions for the Future
8:
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unsuccessful. One of al-Mustakfi's nephews, Abu'l-Nasr Ishaq, tried to raise a revolt in
603:, "Prop of the Dynasty"). In accordance with the family-based Buyid system, the title of
285:
3004:
2300:
2265:
2035:
1859:
1113:
592:
1748:
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595:("Magnifier of the Dynasty"); similar titles were granted to his two brothers, Hasan (
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364:
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2500:
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2018:
2005:
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1616:
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1221:
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276:
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36:
49:
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2189:
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2098:
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2045:
2013:
1968:
1686:
1578:
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1471:
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1117:
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1958:
1953:
1716:
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2055:
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1828:
1621:
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1307:
528:) on his entry in Baghdad. This, and the quick appointment of his son,
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235:
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160:
87:
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1936:
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419:
406:
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2082:
1921:
1568:
1523:
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1399:
633:
401:
376:
321:
1741:
indicates ephemeral caliphs recognized in the city of Baghdad only
1336:
613:
Al-Mustakfi himself reportedly intrigued with some of the Buyids'
382:
2797:
2726:
2394:
2227:
2139:
1948:
1926:
1498:
1414:
1404:
1379:
629:
625:
467:
439:
389:
316:, a Turkish general who deposed and blinded the previous caliph,
298:
291:
192:
113:
2927:
2776:
2745:
2179:
1602:
1375:
497:
435:
375:(fermented drinks). He is said to have been sympathetic to the
370:
325:
294:
65:
55:
290:'Desirous of Being Satisfied with God Alone') was the
2857:
2766:
2740:
2716:
2711:
2671:
2614:
2602:
2587:
2582:
2205:
1972:
1606:
650:
431:
423:
329:
127:
971:
2862:
983:
911:
570:
558:
1014:
1012:
1010:
795:
747:
722:
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
352:
Al-Mustakfi was born on 11 November 908, a son of Caliph
1247:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 32 (el-Münci̇d – Nasi̇h)
1048:
947:
693:
691:
689:
636:
continued to recognize al-Mustakfi as caliph until 955.
1778:
1007:
899:
862:
860:
858:
831:
618:
highly symbolic, making clear where power now resided.
1175:
Chalif und Grosskönig - Die Buyiden im Irak (945-1055)
1157:
The Life and Times of ʿAlí Ibn ʿÍsà, ‘The Good Vizier’
1065:
1063:
923:
889:
887:
872:
819:
703:
3021:
1179:
Caliph and Great King - The Buyids in Iraq (945-1055)
1075:
783:
771:
759:
737:
735:
686:
1036:
959:
935:
855:
843:
604:
568:
562:
523:
501:
492:
443:
393:
380:
368:
268:; 908 – September/October 949), better known by his
1060:
1024:
995:
884:
807:
674:
732:
509:in September 944. For the 11th-century historian
3069:
1253:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 139–140.
450:(commander-in-chief), which carried with it the
402:Background: the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate
1764:
1352:
3103:Prisoners and detainees of the Buyid dynasty
26:
2689:
1181:] (in German). Würzburg: Ergon Verlag.
347:
79:September 944 – 29 January (or 9 March) 946
1771:
1757:
1359:
1345:
1123:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
516:
324:measures, but the same vacuum allowed the
308:, and hence a rival to the line of Caliph
1160:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1131:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 723–724.
466:), on the other. Under al-Muqtadir's son
1096:
1018:
989:
726:
405:
379:, and maintained close contact with the
304:Al-Mustakfi was a younger son of Caliph
2964:
1323:September 944 – 29 January/9 March 946
1240:
1216:
1195:
1081:
977:
917:
878:
849:
801:
753:
697:
663:Timeline of 10th-century Muslim history
3070:
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16:Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad (r. 944–946)
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1752:
1340:
1172:
1153:
1069:
1054:
1042:
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1001:
965:
953:
941:
929:
905:
893:
866:
837:
825:
813:
789:
777:
765:
741:
680:
586:
410:Map of Iraq in the 9th–10th centuries
2834:
1226:(Second ed.). Harlow: Longman.
599:, "Pillar of the Dynasty") and Ali (
1366:
491:), was raised to the throne by the
280:
265:
27:
13:
2995:Graeco-Arabic translation movement
1964:Graeco-Arabic translation movement
388:(urban vagabonds and fighters) of
14:
3124:
3055:
3043:
3031:
1894:Revolt of Muhammad the Pure Soul
1137:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5621
48:
486:
472:
461:
358:
3098:People under the Buyid dynasty
1:
2700:Palace and central government
2557:
668:
414:By the 930s, the once mighty
333:
3088:10th-century Abbasid caliphs
2160:Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Furat
1904:Abbasid–Carolingian alliance
1241:Özaydin, Abdülkerim (2006).
1202:. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
577:Muhammad ibn Abi al-Shawarib
342:
7:
1795:
656:
605:
569:
563:
524:
502:
493:
444:
394:
381:
369:
10:
3129:
1251:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
1090:
266:أبو القاسم عبد الله بن علي
234:Abu’l-Qāsim ʿAbdallāh ibn
159:Abu’l-Qāsim ʿAbdallāh ibn
2970:
2959:
2920:
2844:
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2684:
2563:
2552:
2520:
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2258:
2220:
2202:
2165:Ali ibn Isa ibn al-Jarrah
2122:
2091:
2004:
1987:
1914:
1852:
1837:
1805:
1801:
1790:
1739:
1601:
1374:
1325:
1312:
1304:
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1270:
1196:Donohue, John J. (2003).
1173:Busse, Heribert (2004) .
221:
213:
203:
191:
158:
153:
149:
137:
120:
107:
103:
93:
83:
75:
63:
47:
41:Commander of the Faithful
34:
23:
2760:Financial administration
2532:Abbasid caliphs of Cairo
1249:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
348:Early life and character
144:Muhammad ibn al-Mustakfi
3093:Sons of Abbasid caliphs
2690:Government and military
1488:Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz
517:Al-Mustakfi's caliphate
2185:Abu Abdallah al-Baridi
1154:Bowen, Harold (1928).
411:
2494:Mustansiriya Madrasah
1899:Round city of Baghdad
980:, pp. 13–14, 18.
511:al-Khatib al-Baghdadi
409:
3113:10th century in Iraq
2990:Science and learning
1889:Conquest of Ifriqiya
1421:Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi
920:, pp. 196, 215.
804:, pp. 196, 312.
530:Abu'l-Hasan Muhammad
258:al-Mustakfī bi’llāh
2965:Culture and society
2068:Kharijite Rebellion
1057:, pp. 158–159.
992:, pp. 723–724.
956:, pp. 386–387.
756:, pp. 191–197.
480:Al-Radi's brother,
442:, and the title of
273:al-Mustakfī bi’llāh
183:al-Mustakfī bi’llāh
116:, Abbasid Caliphate
58:of al-Mustakfi, 945
24:al-Mustakfī bi’llāh
3108:Dethroned monarchs
3005:Islamic philosophy
2301:Musharrif al-Dawla
2170:Qarmatian invasion
2155:Mu'nis al-Muzaffar
2036:Anarchy at Samarra
1992:the Abbasid empire
1860:Abbasid Revolution
1299:Sunni Islam titles
1243:"Müstekfî-Bi̇llâh"
908:, pp. 19, 25.
840:, pp. 24, 29.
587:Downfall and death
412:
392:. His ties to the
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3018:
3015:
3014:
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2543:
2516:
2515:
2448:(1157–1258)
2438:
2437:
2338:(1055–1157)
2324:
2323:
2316:al-Malik al-Rahim
2243:Baghdad Manifesto
2198:
2197:
1983:
1982:
1817:Umayyad Caliphate
1780:Abbasid Caliphate
1746:
1745:
1722:al-Mutawakkil III
1712:al-Mutawakkil III
1335:
1334:
1326:Succeeded by
1319:Abbasid Caliphate
1260:978-975-389-454-8
1233:978-0-582-40525-7
1146:978-90-04-09419-2
932:, pp. 25–26.
828:, pp. 23–24.
792:, pp. 21–24.
780:, pp. 20–21.
768:, pp. 17–19.
416:Abbasid Caliphate
301:from 944 to 946.
289:
231:
230:
187:
186:
70:Abbasid Caliphate
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2835:Religion and law
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2536:Mamluk Sultanate
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2344:
2343:
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2218:
2217:
2213:
2212:(946–1055)
2002:
2001:
1997:
1990:Fragmentation of
1942:Sack of Heraclea
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1849:
1845:
1803:
1802:
1792:
1791:
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1773:
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1759:
1750:
1749:
1729:Ottoman conquest
1702:al-Mutawakkil II
1361:
1354:
1347:
1338:
1337:
1305:Preceded by
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1114:Heinrichs, W. P.
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3000:House of Wisdom
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2916:
2836:
2817:
2781:
2755:
2691:
2676:
2559:
2540:
2525:
2512:
2506:Sack of Baghdad
2450:
2447:
2434:
2383:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2320:
2296:Sultan al-Dawla
2286:Sharaf al-Dawla
2281:Samsam al-Dawla
2266:Mu'izz al-Dawla
2254:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2194:
2118:
2092:Abbasid revival
2087:
2019:Sack of Amorium
1998:
1996:(833–946)
1995:
1994:
1991:
1979:
1932:Harun al-Rashid
1910:
1877:Battle of Talas
1846:
1844:(750–833)
1843:
1842:
1833:
1810:
1797:
1786:
1783:
1777:
1747:
1742:
1735:
1672:al-Mutawakkil I
1657:al-Mutawakkil I
1647:al-Mutawakkil I
1617:al-Mustansir II
1609:
1597:
1591:Mongol conquest
1410:Harun al-Rashid
1382:
1370:
1368:Abbasid Caliphs
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1310:
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1285:11 November 908
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1277:Abbasid dynasty
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1189:
1147:
1106:Bosworth, C. E.
1098:Bosworth, C. E.
1093:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1068:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1037:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1008:
1000:
996:
988:
984:
976:
972:
964:
960:
952:
948:
940:
936:
928:
924:
916:
912:
904:
900:
892:
885:
877:
873:
865:
856:
848:
844:
836:
832:
824:
820:
812:
808:
800:
796:
788:
784:
776:
772:
764:
760:
752:
748:
740:
733:
725:
704:
696:
687:
679:
675:
671:
659:
593:Mu'izz al-Dawla
589:
522:headdress (the
519:
485:
471:
460:
404:
357:
350:
345:
336:
125:
112:
111:11 November 908
59:
39:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3126:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3065:
3064:
3052:
3040:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2887:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2860:
2850:
2848:
2838:
2837:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2737:Robe of honour
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2693:
2692:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2660:Jund Qinnasrin
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2640:Jund al-Urdunn
2637:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2550:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2460:
2458:
2451:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2388:Seljuk sultans
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2348:
2341:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2306:Jalal al-Dawla
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2276:'Adud al-Dawla
2273:
2268:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2215:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2190:Nasir al-Dawla
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2063:Zanj Rebellion
2060:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2010:
2008:
2006:Samarra period
1999:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1966:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1856:
1854:
1847:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1813:
1811:
1806:
1799:
1798:
1788:
1787:
1776:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1753:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1687:al-Mustakfi II
1684:
1682:al-Mu'tadid II
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1611:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1586:
1581:
1579:al-Mustansir I
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1386:
1384:
1372:
1371:
1364:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1341:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1274:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1259:
1238:
1232:
1214:
1208:
1193:
1187:
1170:
1151:
1145:
1110:van Donzel, E.
1092:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1074:
1059:
1047:
1045:, p. 158.
1035:
1023:
1021:, p. 724.
1006:
994:
982:
970:
968:, p. 388.
958:
946:
944:, p. 386.
934:
922:
910:
898:
883:
881:, p. 196.
871:
869:, p. 392.
854:
842:
830:
818:
806:
794:
782:
770:
758:
746:
731:
729:, p. 723.
702:
700:, p. 139.
685:
683:, p. 385.
672:
670:
667:
666:
665:
658:
655:
606:amīr al-umarāʾ
588:
585:
542:Tahirid Palace
518:
515:
503:amīr al-umarāʾ
494:amīr al-umarāʾ
489: 940–944
475: 934–940
464: 908–932
446:amīr al-umarāʾ
403:
400:
361: 902–908
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:, but failed.
281:المستكفي بالله
229:
228:
223:
219:
218:
215:
211:
210:
205:
201:
200:
195:
189:
188:
185:
184:
156:
155:
147:
146:
141:
135:
134:
122:
118:
117:
109:
105:
104:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
61:
60:
53:
45:
44:
32:
31:
28:المستكفي بالله
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3125:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3063:
3053:
3051:
3041:
3039:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2962:
2958:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2911:
2910:Shi'a Century
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2885:Sunni Revival
2883:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2832:
2828:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2793:Abna al-dawla
2791:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2707:Amir al-umara
2705:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2687:
2683:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2650:Jund Filastin
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2555:
2551:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2519:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2446:
2441:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2420:Malik-Shah II
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2369:al-Mustarshid
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2335:
2333:
2327:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2291:Baha al-Dawla
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2209:
2207:
2201:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2175:Sack of Mecca
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2031:al-Mutawakkil
2029:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1853:Establishment
1851:
1848:
1841:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1793:
1789:
1781:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1642:al-Mu'tadid I
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1627:al-Mustakfi I
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1594:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1544:al-Mustarshid
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1442:al-Mutawakkil
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1330:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1292:September 949
1291:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1269:
1262:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1218:Kennedy, Hugh
1215:
1211:
1209:90-04-12860-3
1205:
1201:
1200:
1194:
1190:
1188:3-89913-005-7
1184:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1102:"al-Mustakfī"
1099:
1095:
1094:
1084:, p. 56.
1083:
1078:
1072:, p. 29.
1071:
1066:
1064:
1056:
1051:
1044:
1039:
1033:, p. 28.
1032:
1027:
1020:
1019:Bosworth 1993
1015:
1013:
1011:
1004:, p. 27.
1003:
998:
991:
990:Bosworth 1993
986:
979:
974:
967:
962:
955:
950:
943:
938:
931:
926:
919:
914:
907:
902:
896:, p. 19.
895:
890:
888:
880:
875:
868:
863:
861:
859:
851:
846:
839:
834:
827:
822:
816:, p. 23.
815:
810:
803:
798:
791:
786:
779:
774:
767:
762:
755:
750:
744:, p. 25.
743:
738:
736:
728:
727:Bosworth 1993
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
699:
694:
692:
690:
682:
677:
673:
664:
661:
660:
654:
652:
647:
643:
637:
635:
631:
627:
624:
619:
616:
611:
607:
602:
601:Imad al-Dawla
598:
597:Rukn al-Dawla
594:
584:
580:
578:
573:
572:
565:
560:
556:
551:
548:
543:
537:
535:
531:
526:
514:
512:
508:
504:
499:
495:
483:
478:
469:
458:
453:
448:
447:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
408:
399:
396:
391:
386:
384:
378:
373:
372:
366:
355:
340:
331:
330:regnal titles
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
302:
300:
296:
293:
287:
278:
274:
271:
263:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
227:
224:
220:
216:
212:
209:
206:
202:
199:
196:
194:
190:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
157:
152:
148:
145:
142:
140:
136:
133:
129:
124:September 949
123:
119:
115:
110:
106:
102:
99:
96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
78:
74:
71:
67:
62:
57:
51:
46:
43:
42:
38:
33:
22:
19:
2975:Architecture
2933:Christianity
2895:Twelve Imams
2645:Jund Dimashq
2522:
2501:al-Musta'sim
2489:al-Mustansir
2469:al-Mustanjid
2445:Final period
2444:
2430:Ahmad Sanjar
2405:Malik-Shah I
2364:al-Mustazhir
2330:
2271:Izz al-Dawla
2204:
2149:
1989:
1954:Fourth Fitna
1840:Early period
1839:
1807:
1726:
1717:al-Mustamsik
1707:al-Mustamsik
1697:al-Mustanjid
1667:al-Musta'sim
1662:al-Wathiq II
1652:al-Musta'sim
1588:
1584:al-Musta'sim
1559:al-Mustanjid
1539:al-Mustazhir
1508:
1486:
1419:
1313:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1246:
1222:
1198:
1178:
1174:
1156:
1128:
1121:
1082:Donohue 2003
1077:
1050:
1038:
1026:
997:
985:
978:Donohue 2003
973:
961:
949:
937:
925:
918:Kennedy 2004
913:
901:
879:Kennedy 2004
874:
852:, p. 8.
850:Donohue 2003
845:
833:
821:
809:
802:Kennedy 2004
797:
785:
773:
761:
754:Kennedy 2004
749:
698:Özaydin 2006
676:
638:
620:
612:
590:
581:
564:Imam al-Haqq
552:
538:
520:
479:
451:
413:
351:
303:
272:
233:
232:
35:
18:
2943:Khurramites
2890:Shi'a Islam
2854:Mu'tazilism
2311:Abu Kalijar
2259:Buyid emirs
2150:al-Mustakfi
2130:al-Muqtadir
2109:al-Mu'tadid
2104:al-Muwaffaq
2099:al-Mu'tamid
2046:al-Musta'in
2041:al-Muntasir
2014:al-Mu'tasim
1969:Mu'tazilism
1822:Third Fitna
1677:al-Musta'in
1637:al-Hakim II
1632:al-Wathiq I
1610:(1261–1517)
1509:al-Mustakfi
1482:al-Muqtadir
1472:al-Mu'tadid
1467:al-Mu'tamid
1452:al-Musta'in
1447:al-Muntasir
1432:al-Mu'tasim
1272:al-Mustakfi
1127:Volume VII:
1118:Pellat, Ch.
642:Adharbayjan
555:Ibn Shirzad
457:al-Muqtadir
310:al-Muqtadir
270:regnal name
226:Sunni Islam
130:emirate of
84:Predecessor
3083:949 deaths
3078:908 births
3072:Categories
2980:Literature
2905:Qarmatians
2900:Isma'ilism
2808:Commanders
2667:Tabaristan
2534:under the
2474:al-Mustadi
2464:al-Muqtafi
2425:Muhammad I
2400:Alp Arslan
2379:al-Muqtafi
2359:al-Muqtadi
2145:al-Muttaqi
2114:al-Muktafi
2056:al-Muhtadi
2051:al-Mu'tazz
1865:Abu Muslim
1829:Hashimiyya
1808:Background
1784:(750–1258)
1622:al-Hakim I
1564:al-Mustadi
1554:al-Muqtafi
1534:al-Muqtadi
1504:al-Muttaqi
1477:al-Muktafi
1462:al-Muhtadi
1457:al-Mu'tazz
1383:(749–1258)
1308:al-Muttaqi
1070:Busse 2004
1055:Busse 2004
1043:Busse 2004
1031:Busse 2004
1002:Busse 2004
966:Bowen 1928
954:Bowen 1928
942:Bowen 1928
930:Busse 2004
906:Busse 2004
894:Busse 2004
867:Bowen 1928
838:Busse 2004
826:Busse 2004
814:Busse 2004
790:Busse 2004
778:Busse 2004
766:Busse 2004
742:Busse 2004
681:Bowen 1928
669:References
482:al-Muttaqi
354:al-Muktafi
337: 968
318:al-Muttaqi
306:al-Muktafi
208:al-Muktafi
88:al-Muttaqi
3038:Biography
2985:Musicians
2878:Shafi'ism
2873:Hanbalism
2732:Officials
2655:Jund Hims
2558:Geography
2523:Aftermath
2415:Berkyaruq
2374:al-Rashid
2078:Saffarids
2026:al-Wathiq
1959:al-Ma'mun
1937:Barmakids
1884:al-Mansur
1872:al-Saffah
1549:al-Rashid
1437:al-Wathiq
1427:al-Ma'mun
1395:al-Mansur
1390:al-Saffah
646:Musafirid
615:Daylamite
525:qalansuwa
420:Hamdanids
343:Biography
126:Baghdad,
94:Successor
2868:Hanafism
2786:Military
2620:Khurasan
2593:Ifriqiya
2568:Arminiya
2484:al-Zahir
2479:al-Nasir
2410:Mahmud I
2354:al-Qa'im
2250:al-Qa'im
2238:al-Qadir
2135:al-Qahir
2123:Collapse
2083:Tulunids
2073:Tahirids
1922:al-Mahdi
1692:al-Qa'im
1574:al-Zahir
1569:al-Nasir
1529:al-Qa'im
1524:al-Qadir
1519:al-Ta'i'
1514:al-Muti'
1494:al-Qahir
1400:al-Mahdi
1329:al-Muti'
1220:(2004).
1120:(eds.).
1100:(1993).
657:See also
634:Samanids
623:Isma'ili
452:de facto
363:) and a
252:Muḥammad
222:Religion
177:Muḥammad
98:al-Muti'
3024:Portals
2803:Battles
2798:Ghilman
2727:Mazalim
2573:Bahrayn
2457:Caliphs
2395:Tughril
2347:Caliphs
2233:al-Ta'i
2228:al-Muti
2221:Caliphs
2140:al-Radi
1949:al-Amin
1927:al-Hadi
1796:History
1782:topics
1603:Caliphs
1499:al-Radi
1415:al-Amin
1405:al-Hadi
1380:Baghdad
1376:Caliphs
1317:of the
1129:Mif–Naz
1091:Sources
630:al-Muti
626:Fatimid
534:viziers
468:al-Radi
440:Baghdad
428:Baridis
395:ayyārūn
390:Baghdad
299:Baghdad
292:Abbasid
288:
198:Abbasid
193:Dynasty
114:Baghdad
68:of the
54:Silver
2928:Dhimmi
2777:Kharaj
2751:Vizier
2746:Shurta
2635:Awasim
2610:Jazira
2334:period
2332:Seljuk
2208:period
2180:Bajkam
1915:Apogee
1315:Caliph
1288:
1257:
1230:
1206:
1185:
1166:386849
1164:
1143:
1116:&
498:Bajkam
436:Buyids
434:, the
426:, the
371:nabīdh
326:Buyids
295:caliph
277:Arabic
262:Arabic
248:Jaʿfar
214:Mother
204:Father
173:Jaʿfar
66:Caliph
56:dirham
37:Caliph
3062:Islam
2921:Other
2858:Mihna
2846:Islam
2772:Iqta'
2767:Diwan
2741:tiraz
2722:Harem
2717:Hajib
2712:Barid
2672:Yemen
2630:Syria
2625:Sindh
2615:Jibal
2603:Sawad
2588:Hejaz
2583:Egypt
2578:Barqa
2206:Buyid
1973:Mihna
1607:Cairo
1290:Died:
1283:Born:
1177:[
1104:. In
651:Mahdi
547:Wasit
507:Tuzun
432:Basra
424:Mosul
383:ayyār
377:Shi'a
365:Greek
322:Shi'a
314:Tuzun
256:Hārūn
244:Ṭalḥa
240:Aḥmad
217:Ghusn
181:Hārūn
169:Ṭalḥa
165:Aḥmad
154:Names
139:Issue
128:Buyid
76:Reign
64:22nd
3050:Iraq
2863:Fiqh
2856:and
2813:Wars
2739:and
2598:Iraq
1971:and
1255:ISBN
1228:ISBN
1204:ISBN
1183:ISBN
1162:OCLC
1141:ISBN
571:qadi
559:Imam
286:lit.
254:ibn
250:ibn
246:ibn
242:ibn
238:ibn
236:ʿAlī
179:ibn
175:ibn
171:ibn
167:ibn
163:ibn
161:ʿAlī
132:Iraq
121:Died
108:Born
1605:of
1378:of
1133:doi
561:' (
430:of
422:of
297:in
3074::
1245:.
1139:.
1125:.
1112:;
1108:;
1062:^
1009:^
886:^
857:^
734:^
705:^
688:^
579:.
575:,
536:.
487:r.
473:r.
462:r.
385:ūn
359:r.
334:c.
283:,
279::
264::
3026::
1772:e
1765:t
1758:v
1731:)
1727:(
1593:)
1589:(
1360:e
1353:t
1346:v
1263:.
1236:.
1212:.
1191:.
1168:.
1149:.
1135::
484:(
470:(
459:(
356:(
275:(
260:(
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