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Ala (demon)

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1198:. The principal enemy of the ala is the dragon; he is able to defeat her and eliminate her harmful effects. Dragons are thus seen as guardians of the fields and harvest, and as protectors against bad weather. When an ala threatens by bringing hail clouds, a dragon comes out to fight with her and drive her away. His main weapon is lightning; thunder represents a fight between ale and dragons (during which ale hide in tall trees). An instance of a more abundant crop at a particular point is explained in the Pčinja region as a result of a dragon having struck an ala with lightning just over that place, making her drop the looted grains she had been carrying in her huge ears. If an ala finds a dragon in a hollow tree, however, she can destroy him by burning the tree. 1322:
ala brought lunch and said to the woman, “Eat, kuma.” “How can I eat after I saw a poker and a broom fighting in the first room?” “Eat, kuma, eat. Those are my maids: they fight about which one should take the broom and sweep.” “How can I eat after I saw human arms and legs in the second and third rooms?” And the ala told her, “Eat, kuma, eat. That is my food.” “How can I eat, kuma, after I saw the sixth room full of blood?” “Eat, kuma, eat. That is the wine that I drink.” “How can I eat after I saw that you had taken your head off and were delousing it, having fixed a horse’s head on yourself?” The ala, after hearing that, ate both the woman and her child.
1012:; picks lice from the ala’s hair full of worms; and feeds the ala’s “livestock” of owls, wolves, badgers, and other wild animals; behaving and talking as if these things are quite normal to her, and is rewarded by the ala with a chest filled with gold. When the stepmother’s daughter comes to the ala’s house, she does the opposite, and the ala punishes her and her mother by sending them a chest of snakes, which blind them. In another example, when a prince asks an ala for her daughter’s hand, she saves him from other ale, and helps him get married. But when a girl to whom an ala is the 1338:, the girl goes to her godmother’s house with cakes to treat her. She comes to the gate – the gate is closed with a human leg; she goes into the yard – there a barrel full of blood; she goes up the stairs – there dead children; the porch is closed with an arm; on the floor – arms, legs; the door is closed with a finger. Baba Yaga comes to meet her at the door and asks her, “Have you seen anything, my dear, on your way to my house?” “I saw,” the girl answers, “the gate closed with a leg.” “That is my iron 1084:(ala-like) men, and they were given several explanations. An ala may have sneaked into them; these were recognized by their voracity, because the ala, in order to satisfy her excessive hunger, drove them to eat incessantly. They may also have survived an ala blowing on them – an ala’s breath is usually lethal to humans. These people would then become exceptionally strong. Alternatively, they could be the offspring of an ala and a woman, or could have been born covered with the 1273: 1163: 762: 1264:
nest in the vicinity of a village want thunderstorms and hail as far as possible from their nestlings, so coincidentally protect the village’s fields as well. The role of eagles, however, was controversial, because in the same region there was a belief that an eagle flying in front of thunderstorm clouds was a manifestation of an ala, leading the clouds toward the crops, rather than driving them away.
29: 171:, and that it would mean the end of the world should they succeed. When people encounter an ala, their mental or physical health, or even life, are in peril; however, her favor can be gained by approaching her with respect and trust. Being in a good relationship with an ala is very beneficial, because she makes her favorites rich and saves their lives in times of trouble. 1342:.” “I saw a barrel in the yard full of blood.” “That is my wine, my darling.” “I saw children lying on the stairs.” “Those are my pigs.” “The porch is closed with an arm.” “That is my latch, my golden one.” “I saw in the house a hairy head.” “That is my broom, my curly one,” said Baba Yaga, then got angry with her prying goddaughter and ate her. 952:. During an eclipse, the Sun turned red because it was covered with its own blood as a result of the ale’s bites; when it shone brightly again, that meant it had defeated the ale. The spots on the Moon were seen as scars from the ale’s bites. While ale devoured the Sun or the Moon, many elderly people became 1352:
nature of these mythological creatures: a hero can enter the chthonic space and discover the secret of that world, but he is not allowed to relate that secret to other humans. Both the ala and Baba Yaga can be traced back to an older concept of a female demonic divinity: the snakelike mistress of the
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and a broom fighting; in the second room, she saw human legs; in the third, she saw human arms; in the fourth – human flesh; in the fifth – blood; in the sixth – she saw that the ala had taken off her head and was delousing it, while wearing a horse’s head in its place. After that, the
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A human going into an ala’s house, which is frequently deep in a forest, but may also be in the clouds, in a lake, spring, cave, gigantic tree, or other hidden remote place, or on an inhospitable mountain, can have varied consequences. If he approaches the ala with an appeal, and does not mention the
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region states the ala is a monster with an enormous mouth who holds in her hand a big wooden spoon, with which she grabs and devours everything that gets in her way. One story has it that a man kept such an ala in his barn; she drank thirty liters of milk every day. Another warns that ale in the form
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St. Elijah and the ala, but there is a belief that the saint and the dragons in fact cooperate: as soon as St. Elijah spots an ala, he summons the dragons, either takes them aboard his chariot or harnesses them to it, and they jointly shoot the ala with lightning. Arrow-shaped stones, like
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man, who is described as unusually tall, thin, bony-faced, and with a long beard and moustache. When the weather was nice, he worked and behaved like the other people in his village, but as soon as the dark clouds covered the sky, he used to close himself in his house, put blinds on the windows, and
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Another characteristic attributed to the ala is extreme voracity; in the Leskovac region, she was imagined as a monster with a huge mouth and a wooden spoon in her hand, with which she grabbed and devoured whatever came her way. According to a widely spread tradition, ale used to seize children and
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emerging there. They believed that the mighty bird with a cross on its back could banish the ala–cloud from the fields. In eastern Bulgaria, ala appeared not in clouds, but in gales and whirlwinds. In other regions of Bulgaria, the ala was seen either as a "bull with huge horns, a black cloud, dark
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and even wept in fear. If ale succeeded in devouring the Sun, the world would end. To prevent that, men shot their guns toward the eclipse or rang bells, and women cast spells incessantly. There was a notion in the Homolje region that, if ale succeeded in devouring the Moon, the Sun would die from
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An eagle’s appearance in the sky when thunderclouds threatened was greeted with joy and hope by people who trusted in their power to defeat an ala; after defeating the ala, the eagle led the clouds away from the fields. An explanation for this, recorded in eastern Serbia, is that the eagles which
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As several other supernatural entities were also held responsible for bringing hail and torrential rains, when the entity is not explicitly named, it is often impossible to conclude to which the magical measures apply. There was, for example, a custom used when the approach of a thunderstorm was
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believed the local ala defended the crops of the area from other ale. If hail destroyed the crops, it was thought that an ala from another area had defeated the local ala and “drunk the crops”. Ale can also spread themselves over fields and thwart the ripening of the crops, or worse, consume the
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is recorded in a Serbian dialect which has retained this sound and in Bulgarian. For this reason, it is believed that the original name had an initial h-sound, a fact that has led Serbian scholar Ljubinko Radenković to reject the etymology given by several dictionaries, including that of the
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fog or a snake-like monster with six wings and twelve tails". The ala is thought to inhabit remote mountain areas or caves, in which she keeps bad weather. In Bulgarian tradition, thunderstorms and hail clouds were interpreted as a battle between the good dragon or eagle and the evil ala.
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took her out of him. In a tale recorded in eastern Serbia and Bulgaria, a farmer killed an ala who possessed a skinny man living in a distant village, because the ala destroyed his vineyard. In another story, an ala gets into a deceased princess and devours the soldiers on watch.
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in the direction of fields, vineyards, or orchards to destroy the crops, or loot and take them away. Extremely voracious, ale particularly like to eat children, though their gluttony is not limited to Earth. It is believed they sometimes try devouring the Sun or the Moon, causing
1103:, and his spirit would fly out of his body toward the clouds as if his spirit were an ala herself. There was, however, a significant difference – he never led the clouds over the fields of his own village; the damage was done to the neighboring villages. In this respect, 202:. Ale are said to live in the clouds, or in a lake, spring, hidden remote place, forest, inhospitable mountain, cave, or gigantic tree. While ale are usually hostile towards humans, they do have other powerful enemies that can defeat them, like dragons. In 641:’s church, an eagle clutches a snakelike ala while an eaglet looks on. According to a description from eastern Serbia, the ala is a very large creature with a snake’s body and a horse’s head. A very common opinion is that the ala is the sister of the 328:
has remained a creature distinct from the ala, but shares many similarities with her. The numerous variations in form of ale, ranging from the animal and half-animal to the humanlike concepts, tell us that beliefs in these demons were not uniform.
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Traversing a crossroads at night was considered dangerous because it was the place and time of the ala’s supper; the unfortunate person who stepped on an “ala’s table” could become blind, deaf, or lame. Ale gather at night on the eves of greater
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and the places on a field where a plow turns around during plowing. These locations were considered unclean because ale visited them. In folk spells of eastern Serbia, a particular ala could be addressed by a female personal name:
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ripen. Ale are also believed to “drink the crops”, or seize the crops of a village and transport them to another place in their huge ears, thereby making some villages poor, and others rich. This was held as the reason why the
2542: 539:). This etymology is proposed by Bulgarian scholar Ivanichka Georgieva, and supported by Bulgarian scholar Rachko Popov and Serbian scholars Slobodan Zečević, and Sreten Petrović. According to Serbian scholar Marta Bjeletić, 798:, and drink the milk from sheep, especially when it thunders. Ale also possess great strength; when a storm uprooted trees, the people believed that an ala had done it. This resulted in a saying for a very strong man: 1307:
to children whom they later eat because the children discover their secret. In the Serbian example, the mother of an ala’s godchild speaks with the ala, and in the Russian, the godchild speaks with Baba Yaga.
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also display shapeshifting abilities: they repeatedly shift from their basic shape of two-headed snakes to six-fingered men who hold iron pitchforks, black young bulls, big boars, or black wolves, and back.
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The appearance of an ala is diversely and often vaguely described in folklore. A given ala may look like a black wind, a gigantic creature of indistinct form, a huge-mouthed, humanlike, or snakelike
625:, farmers saw a horrible ala with huge wings and sword-like thick tail in the contours of a dark cloud. When an ala–cloud overtook the village, villagers peered into the sky hoping to see an 1045:(a town in the district), where she died of the wounds. Ever since, her body has bred the Golubatz flies, and in late spring, they fly out of the cave in a big swarm, spreading as far as 1205:
men, who have a human mother, but a dragon father. They look like ordinary people except for little wings beneath their armpits; such men are always born at night after a twelve-month
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perceived: to bring a table in front of the house, and to put bread, salt, a knife with a black sheath, and an axe with its edge directed skywards on the table. By another custom, a
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a person's body. It is believed that the diversity of appearances described is due to the ala's being a synthesis of a Slavic demon of bad weather and a similar demon of the central
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believed that the ala lowers her tail to the ground and hides her head in the clouds. Anyone who saw her head became instantly insane. In a high relief carved above a window of the
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blows, turning like a drill, and those who get exposed to the whirlwind go mad. In Bulgaria too, the ala is a violent wind that sweeps up everything in its way and brings havoc:
832: – is of uncertain meaning. One of the spells that was used upon sighting hail clouds, and which explicitly mentioned an ala, was shouted in the direction of the clouds: 288:, these beliefs combined with those of the native populations, eventually developing into the personage of the ala. The pre-Slavic Balkan source of the ala is related to the 1303:
too – there a stepdaughter comes to Baba Yaga’s house and feeds her “livestock”. Similar are also the motifs of an ala (by Serbs) and Baba Yaga (by Russians) becoming
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devour them in her dwelling, which was full of children’s bones and spilt blood. Less often, they attacked and ate adults; they were able to find a hidden human by smell.
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differences between her and humans, he will be rewarded. Otherwise, he will be cruelly punished. According to one story, a stepdaughter, driven away from home by her
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might also have contributed in the development of the ala. Just like ale, she eats children, and is called gluttonous. In southern Serbia and North Macedonia,
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The mountain represents a wild, bleak, inhuman space, where demons dwell, and into which they are expelled by means of incantations, from the human space. See
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with a big nose, iron teeth, and protruding chin; it was believed that she ate children, and her presence brought thunderstorms and cold weather. The term
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are also regarded as defenders against ale, chasing them away from fields and thus preventing them from bringing hail clouds overhead.
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At the sight of hail and thunderstorm clouds, i.e. the ala that leads them, people did not just sit and wait – they resorted to
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Ala can “sneak” into humans, gaining a human form while retaining their own properties. A tradition has it that an ala sneaked into
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who lead the hail clouds; the devils in this case are obviously ale. As shown by these examples, beliefs with various degrees of
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and his spirit comes out of his body and flies up to the clouds to fight with the ala, just like a dragon would do. A story from
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man lives like everybody else when the weather is nice, but when an ala leads threatening clouds into sight, he falls into a
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visits the ala with her mother, the ala eats them both because the mother talked about the strange things in her house.
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is a name for either one’s godmother, one’s child’s godmother, or one’s godchild’s mother, depending on the context.
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region of eastern Serbia, the people imagine the ala as a black wind moving over the land. Wherever she goes, a
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remain alone and in a trance as long as the bad weather and thunder lasted. Historical persons believed to be
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pre-Slavic population. In folk tales with a humanlike ala, her personality is similar to that of the Russian
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Ale were believed to be able to make men insane; in eastern Serbia there is a special term for such a man:
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with its legs directed skywards, knives, forks, and the stub of the Slava candle were put on the table.
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men led hail-producing and thunderstorm clouds: when the skies darkened, such a man would fall into a
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region in central Serbia was so fruitful: it was where ale transported their loot. The people of
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That even a dead ala is bad is seen in the legend explaining the origin of the Golubatz fly (
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People in eastern and southern Serbia believed that ale, in their voracity, attacked the
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takes the dragons' role, but in some cases the saint and the dragons fight ale together.
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region, the ala is a black and horrible creature in the form of wind. Similarly, in the
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Narodni običaji, verovanja i poslovice kod Srba: Sa kratkim pogledom u njihovu prošlost
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Singular and plural forms of the demon's name, with pronunciations transcribed in the
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into humans or animals, after which their true selves can be seen only by so-called
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man could also fight against ale to protect his village. Children, too, could be
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men could not be killed with a gun or arrow, unless gold or silver was used.
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of wind, darkness, and rain. This leads some scholars to believe there was a
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Ale primarily destroy crops in fields, vineyards, and orchards by leading
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historicity of the deity is dubious; functions of the deity are unclear.
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of a stepdaughter coming to an ala’s house in a forest is recorded among
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In a more Christianized version, St. Elijah shoots lightning at the
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In eastern Serbia it was believed that ale who interact with people can
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in Serbian), and for this reason people would not hurt these snakes.
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from eastern Serbia, the ala is described as a three-headed snake:
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that reaches the clouds and encounters an ala there goes mad (
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Kulišić, Špiro; Petrović, Petar Ž.; Pantelić, Nikola (1970).
1965:. Vol. 1 А-Е. Novi Sad: Matica Srpska. 1967. p. 63. 1809: 1570: 1253: 1222: 985: 818: 678: 668: 595: 183: 156: 152: 66: 36: 3356: 3001: 2986: 1225:, which was held as true until the 1950s, says that before 1085: 1080:, men believed to possess properties of an ala were called 945: 780:
overhead, usually during the first half of the summer when
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in expressions for the bad weather common in early spring (
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of twelve ravens used to take the crops from vineyards.
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adjective ''alav'' still signifies voracious appetite.
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Smiljana, Kalina, Magdalena, Dobrica, Dragija, Zagorka
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Traces of beliefs in that demon are preserved among
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the second mouth – infirmity and bad diseases,
1591:(in Bulgarian). изд. Захари Стоянов. p. 347. 1236:In a Christianized version, the duel involves the 826:, etc. An expression for addressing an ala – 2184: 1288:, there are similarities between the ala and the 222:While some mythological beings are common to all 3853: 957:sorrow, and darkness would overwhelm the world. 1921:: Politika : Narodna knjiga. p. 276. 1758:U znaku Moloha: antropološki ogled o žrtvovanju 1233:man; people gave her milk to help her recover. 574:). That noun was derived from the Proto-Slavic 1852:Народни обичаји, веровања и пословице код Срба 849:Ala, not hither, travel to the Tatar Mountain! 2170: 839: 827: 586:might be hała - "a large creature or thing". 307: 289: 159:of bad weather whose main purpose is to lead 3831:Slavic Native Faith's calendars and holidays 2016:(in Serbian) (2 ed.). Belgrade: Nolit. 1978: 1974: 1972: 1500: 1267: 35:To farmers of eastern Europe, the ala was a 2064:Srpska mitologija: Sistem Srpske mitologije 1879:Ramel, Gordon John Larkman (4 March 2007). 1755: 1735:. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. p. 64. 1496: 1494: 1492: 1490: 510:, by which the demon’s name comes from the 2177: 2163: 2081: 1842: 1840: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1784: 1730: 1724: 1704: 1627: 1625: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1589:Българска митология. Енциклопедичен речник 1553: 1460: 1458: 1969: 1582: 1580: 1564: 1456: 1454: 1452: 1450: 1448: 1446: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1410:, literally: "who has an ala in himself". 2060: 1963:Речник српскохрватскога књижевног језика 1909: 1806:Народна вяра и религиозни народни обичаи 1705:Панайотова, Румяна (21 September 2006). 1631: 1616: 1487: 1271: 1182:Ale have several adversaries, including 1161: 1059: 760: 645:, and looks more or less like him. In a 2120: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1846: 1837: 1816: 1803: 1622: 1605: 1464: 1373: 47:over their fields, ruining their crops. 3854: 2008: 1577: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1435: 841:Alo, ne ovamo, putuj na Tatar planinu! 658:друга уста – издат и зле болести, 554:in Proto-South-Slavic, the dialect of 294:, female demons of bad weather of the 2158: 1949:Kulišić, Petrović & Pantelić 1970 1878: 1832:Kulišić, Petrović & Pantelić 1970 1700: 1698: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1533: 1531: 1529: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1473:: "Vuk Karadžić": Etnografski muzej. 722:For nine years they would be blowing. 523: 188:assume various human or animal shapes 76:Aletina, Alina, Alosija, Alčina, Hala 3574:Folk cults (also including Ossetian) 3399:Russian traditions and superstitions 2129:: "Vuk Karadžić": Etnografski muzej. 2084:"Митска бића српског народа: (Х)АЛА" 1935: 1679:Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts 508:Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts 242:is present in customs, beliefs, and 2014:Народна религија Срба у 100 појмова 2011:Narodna religija Srba u 100 pojmova 894:a mightier, bareheaded ala is here. 756: 660:трећа уста – учинци, растурци. 246:of all Slavic groups, usually as a 13: 1887:from the original on 6 August 2007 1695: 1520: 1465:Zečević, Slobodan (1981). "Ала". 1178:dragon as the ala’s main opponent. 1111:. Besides leading clouds away, an 984:, divert men from their ways into 522:word for hail, χάλαζα (pronounced 27: 14: 3918: 691:By a description recorded in the 656:У једна уста носи виле и ветрови, 489:The demon’s name in the standard 234:, and was imagined as a woman of 1675:Етимолошки речник српског језика 1573:: Наука и изкуство. p. 119. 995:, which made him voracious, but 280:ine huke, etc.). Brought to the 2906:Mistress of the Copper Mountain 1954: 1915:Живот и обичаји народа српскога 1903: 1872: 1797: 1778: 1749: 719:Three furious ale had come out, 677:the third mouth – spells, 606:clouds. It was believed in the 261:, associated with bad weather. 2035:(in Serbian). Belgrade: Nolit. 1883:. Earth-Life Web Productions. 1785:Radenković, Ljubinko (1982). 1666: 1558: 1360: 1157: 1052: 859:Another spell was spoken by a 1: 3757:Ringing Cedars' Anastasianism 2186:Slavic mythology and religion 2082:Radenković, Ljubinko (1996). 1428: 1348:The two examples witness the 1023:), a species of bloodsucking 897:Off into the mountain, cloud, 813:, this magic was assisted by 598:connected with the wind, and 589: 1648:(in Serbian) (34): 143–146. 1565:Георгиева, Иваничка (1993). 872:овамо је грђа ала гологлава. 497:, comes from dialects which 332: 7: 3892:Personifications of weather 2123:Митска бића српских предања 1756:Janićijević, Jovan (1995). 1731:MacDermott, Mercia (1998). 1677:. Vol. 1:А. Belgrade: 1567:Българска народна митология 1467:Митска бића српских предања 1190:(dragon-like) men, eagles, 710:Излезнаха до три люти хали, 10: 3923: 3872:Culture of North Macedonia 2121:Zečević, Slobodan (1981). 2002: 1979:Беновска-Събкова, Милена. 1847:Vuković, Milan T. (2004). 1501:Беновска-Събкова, Милена. 1413: 1396: 1366: 1130:There is a story about an 1068:was believed to have been 712:Девет години що се духали. 472:Romanization of Macedonian 3839: 3818: 3797: 3709: 3598:Nicholas the Wonderworker 3540: 3486: 3450: 3412: 3386: 3365: 3314: 3258: 2944: 2858: 2822: 2813: 2660: 2629: 2511: 2453: 2192: 2061:Petrović, Sreten (2000). 1858:: Sazvežđa. p. 220. 1804:Маринов, Димитьр (1994). 1406:words for "voracious" is 1268:Connection with Baba Yaga 968:, although indirectly: a 802:, "as strong as an ala". 572:voiceless velar fricative 468:Romanization of Bulgarian 456: 362: 359: 354: 339: 217: 98: 80: 72: 62: 52: 26: 3897:North Macedonia folklore 3710:Revivalist organizations 2099:. First appeared in the 2013: 1914: 1911:Karadžić, Vuk Stefanović 1851: 1786: 1681:. 2003. pp. 96–97. 1634: 1632:Bjeletić, Marta (2004). 1466: 499:lost the velar fricative 230:, this witch was called 2033:Српски митолошки речник 1707:"Тъмен се облак задава" 1201:Ale can be defeated by 1088:. It was believed that 1037:in the 19th century by 1021:Simulium colombaschense 900:where no rooster crows, 667:In one mouth she bears 639:Visoki Dečani monastery 594:Dragon or serpent like 482:, which is given here.) 3789:Russian Zoroastrianism 3404:Serbian folk astronomy 2800:Vasilisa the Beautiful 2725:Kyi, Shchek and Khoryv 2009:Bandić, Dušan (2004). 1793:: Gradina. p. 97. 1787:Народне басме и бајања 1733:Bulgarian folk customs 1281: 1179: 1107:men are equivalent to 1073: 884:где се слава не слави. 840: 828: 770: 560:South Slavic languages 464:Serbian Latin alphabet 312:, a word derived from 308: 290: 32: 3772:Vseyasvetnaya Gramota 3762:Slavic-Hill Rodnovery 3620:George the Victorious 2730:Lech, Czech, and Rus' 2202:Chernobog and Belobog 2106:, issue no. 2 (1996, 1295:. The aforementioned 1275: 1165: 1063: 909:where no sheep bleat, 906:where no cows bellow, 764: 155:. Ale are considered 137:mythological creature 31: 16:Mythological creature 3586:Paraskeva of Iconium 3478:Ukrainian fairy tale 3276:Dodola and Perperuna 2740:Mikula Selyaninovich 1374:Trebješanin, Žarko. 1247:stone-age arrowheads 224:Slavic ethnic groups 3752:Peterburgian Vedism 3722:Slavic Native Faith 3473:Serbian epic poetry 3458:Bosniak epic poetry 3315:Mythological places 2815:Legendary creatures 2805:Volga Svyatoslavich 2630:Priesthood and cult 1764:: Idea. p. 8. 1174:often replaces the 903:where no dog barks, 547:stem from the noun 23: 3882:Bulgarian folklore 3798:In popular culture 3468:Russian fairy tale 2765:Mustay-Bey of Lika 1812:: БАН. p. 70. 1619:, ch. "aždaja-ala" 1282: 1180: 1074: 1035:Požarevac District 918:is not celebrated. 882:где овце не блеје, 880:где краве не ричу, 876:где петао не пева, 874:У планину, облаче, 771: 765:The locals of the 732:A belief from the 584:Kashubian language 186:. An ala may also 57:Legendary creature 33: 21: 3849: 3848: 3705: 3704: 3550:Apocryphal prayer 3342:Oponskoye Kingdom 3254: 3253: 2876:Cornflower Wraith 2790:Solovey-Razboynik 2770:Nikita the Tanner 2690:Dobrynya Nikitich 2142:Missing or empty 2048:Missing or empty 2023:978-86-19-02328-3 1928:978-86-331-1946-7 1865:978-86-83699-08-7 1771:978-86-7547-037-3 1742:978-1-85302-485-6 1688:978-86-82873-04-4 1598:978-954-739-682-1 1480:978-0-585-04345-6 1383:University of Niš 1121:Aesculapian snake 926: 925: 857: 856: 811:Pomoravlje region 791:Kopaonik mountain 767:Kopaonik mountain 730: 729: 689: 688: 525:[ˈxalaza] 487: 486: 476:grammatical cases 117: 116: 3914: 3867:Serbian folklore 3608:Ilya the Prophet 3591:Paraskeva Friday 3571: 3570: 3488:Christianization 2820: 2819: 2720:Jugović brothers 2700:Hrnjica Brothers 2695:Dragon of Bosnia 2670:Alyosha Popovich 2662:Legendary heroes 2607: 2595: 2583: 2546: 2534: 2474: 2466:Karna and Zhelya 2454:Personifications 2401: 2389: 2333: 2246: 2230: 2179: 2172: 2165: 2156: 2155: 2151: 2145: 2140: 2138: 2130: 2117: 2101:academic journal 2098: 2096: 2095: 2086:. Archived from 2078: 2057: 2051: 2046: 2044: 2036: 2027: 1996: 1995: 1993: 1992: 1976: 1967: 1966: 1958: 1952: 1946: 1933: 1932: 1907: 1901: 1895: 1893: 1892: 1881:"The Nematocera" 1876: 1870: 1869: 1844: 1835: 1829: 1814: 1813: 1808:(in Bulgarian). 1801: 1795: 1794: 1782: 1776: 1775: 1753: 1747: 1746: 1728: 1722: 1721: 1719: 1718: 1702: 1693: 1692: 1670: 1664: 1663: 1661: 1660: 1643: 1629: 1620: 1614: 1603: 1602: 1584: 1575: 1574: 1569:(in Bulgarian). 1562: 1556: 1551: 1518: 1517: 1515: 1514: 1498: 1485: 1484: 1462: 1417: 1400: 1393: 1391: 1390: 1380: 1370: 1258:Christianization 931:fireplace trivet 891:Not hither, ala, 878:где пас не лаје, 866: 865: 843: 835: 834: 831: 757:Effect on humans 706: 705: 652: 651: 614:that the ala is 527: 483: 350: 337: 336: 324:. The Bulgarian 311: 293: 286:ancient homeland 257:or demon called 236:gigantic stature 139:recorded in the 63:Similar entities 24: 20: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3916: 3915: 3913: 3912: 3911: 3852: 3851: 3850: 3845: 3835: 3814: 3793: 3701: 3637:Saint Anastasia 3569: 3536: 3482: 3446: 3408: 3382: 3378:Sword Kladenets 3361: 3337:Faraway Tsardom 3310: 3250: 2940: 2854: 2809: 2656: 2625: 2601: 2589: 2577: 2540: 2528: 2507: 2468: 2449: 2395: 2375: 2327: 2236: 2224: 2188: 2183: 2143: 2141: 2132: 2131: 2115: 2093: 2091: 2075: 2049: 2047: 2038: 2037: 2024: 2015: 2005: 2000: 1999: 1990: 1988: 1977: 1970: 1960: 1959: 1955: 1947: 1936: 1929: 1916: 1908: 1904: 1890: 1888: 1877: 1873: 1866: 1853: 1845: 1838: 1830: 1817: 1802: 1798: 1788: 1783: 1779: 1772: 1754: 1750: 1743: 1729: 1725: 1716: 1714: 1703: 1696: 1689: 1672: 1671: 1667: 1658: 1656: 1641: 1639: 1630: 1623: 1615: 1606: 1599: 1585: 1578: 1563: 1559: 1554:Radenković 1996 1552: 1521: 1512: 1510: 1499: 1488: 1481: 1468: 1463: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1423: 1414: 1411: 1397: 1394: 1388: 1386: 1378: 1367: 1363: 1270: 1160: 1145:Stefan Dečanski 1058: 885: 883: 881: 879: 877: 875: 873: 871: 870:Не, ало, овамо, 829:Maate paletinke 759: 713: 711: 661: 659: 657: 592: 570:represents the 478:other than the 460:Cyrillic script 457: 340: 335: 248:personification 220: 190:, and can even 89:North Macedonia 48: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3920: 3910: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3847: 3846: 3840: 3837: 3836: 3834: 3833: 3828: 3822: 3820: 3819:Related topics 3816: 3815: 3813: 3812: 3807: 3801: 3799: 3795: 3794: 3792: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3780: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3719: 3713: 3711: 3707: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3699: 3698: 3697: 3687: 3686: 3685: 3678:Saint Theodore 3675: 3674: 3673: 3663: 3658: 3657: 3656: 3646: 3645: 3644: 3634: 3633: 3632: 3627: 3617: 3616: 3615: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3594: 3593: 3583: 3577: 3575: 3568: 3567: 3562: 3560:Egg decoration 3557: 3552: 3546: 3544: 3542:Folk practices 3538: 3537: 3535: 3534: 3529: 3523: 3517: 3511: 3505: 3499: 3492: 3490: 3484: 3483: 3481: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3454: 3452: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3418: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3390: 3388: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3380: 3375: 3369: 3367: 3363: 3362: 3360: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3318: 3316: 3312: 3311: 3309: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3262: 3260: 3259:Ritual figures 3256: 3255: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2948: 2946: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2862: 2860: 2856: 2855: 2853: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2826: 2824: 2817: 2811: 2810: 2808: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2715:Ivan Tsarevich 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2685:Đerzelez Alija 2682: 2677: 2672: 2666: 2664: 2658: 2657: 2655: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2633: 2631: 2627: 2626: 2624: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2596: 2584: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2535: 2523: 2517: 2515: 2513:Pseudo-deities 2509: 2508: 2506: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2463: 2457: 2455: 2451: 2450: 2448: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2390: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2260:Lada mythology 2257: 2252: 2247: 2231: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2198: 2196: 2190: 2189: 2182: 2181: 2174: 2167: 2159: 2153: 2152: 2125:(in Serbian). 2118: 2112:Project Rastko 2079: 2073: 2058: 2028: 2022: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1997: 1968: 1953: 1951:, Аловити људи 1934: 1927: 1917:(in Serbian). 1902: 1871: 1864: 1854:(in Serbian). 1836: 1815: 1796: 1789:(in Serbian). 1777: 1770: 1760:(in Serbian). 1748: 1741: 1723: 1694: 1687: 1665: 1621: 1604: 1597: 1576: 1557: 1519: 1486: 1479: 1469:(in Serbian). 1433: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1424: 1418: 1412: 1401: 1395: 1371: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1346: 1345: 1344: 1343: 1330: 1326: 1325: 1324: 1323: 1313: 1276:A painting of 1269: 1266: 1209:. Much like a 1159: 1156: 1141:Stefan Nemanja 1066:Stefan Nemanja 1057: 1051: 1027:(of the genus 924: 923: 921: 920: 919: 910: 907: 904: 901: 898: 895: 892: 887: 855: 854: 852: 851: 850: 845: 758: 755: 728: 727: 725: 724: 723: 720: 715: 687: 686: 684: 683: 682: 675: 672: 663: 627:imperial eagle 591: 588: 530:transliterated 485: 484: 454: 453: 451: 448: 445: 443: 440: 437: 431: 430: 428: 425: 422: 420: 417: 414: 408: 407: 405: 402: 399: 397: 394: 391: 385: 384: 381: 378: 375: 372: 369: 365: 364: 361: 358: 352: 351: 334: 331: 219: 216: 161:hail-producing 135:) is a female 115: 114: 100: 96: 95: 82: 78: 77: 74: 70: 69: 64: 60: 59: 54: 50: 49: 34: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3919: 3908: 3907:Raven deities 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3887:Female demons 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3877:Shapeshifters 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3862:Slavic demons 3860: 3859: 3857: 3843: 3838: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3826:Book of Veles 3824: 3823: 3821: 3817: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3802: 3800: 3796: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3714: 3712: 3708: 3696: 3693: 3692: 3691: 3690:Saint Eustace 3688: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3679: 3676: 3672: 3669: 3668: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3655: 3652: 3651: 3650: 3649:Saint Vlasius 3647: 3643: 3642:Saint Nedelya 3640: 3639: 3638: 3635: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3621: 3618: 3614: 3611: 3610: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3592: 3589: 3588: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3581:Ognyena Maria 3579: 3578: 3576: 3572: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3539: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3493: 3491: 3489: 3485: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3455: 3453: 3449: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3411: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3394:Creation myth 3392: 3391: 3389: 3385: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3370: 3368: 3364: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3327:Bald Mountain 3325: 3323: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3313: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3263: 3261: 3257: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3056:Chervona Ruta 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2949: 2947: 2943: 2937: 2936:Water spirits 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2863: 2861: 2859:Place spirits 2857: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2827: 2825: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2812: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2750:Milan Toplica 2748: 2746: 2745:Mila Gojsalić 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2710:Ivan Kosančić 2708: 2706: 2705:Ilya Muromets 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2680:Damned Jerina 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2659: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2634: 2632: 2628: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2605: 2600: 2597: 2593: 2588: 2585: 2581: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2544: 2539: 2536: 2532: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2510: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2472: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2399: 2394: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2295:Lel and Polel 2293: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2232: 2228: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2180: 2175: 2173: 2168: 2166: 2161: 2160: 2157: 2149: 2136: 2128: 2124: 2119: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2102: 2090:on 2014-04-11 2089: 2085: 2080: 2076: 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In the 796:fertility 701:whirlwind 633:Serbs in 616:invisible 562:emerged ( 412:Bulgarian 360:Singular 333:Etymology 296:Romanians 284:from the 232:Baba Yaga 200:Baba Yaga 127:(plural: 3555:Zagovory 3502:Bulgaria 3414:Folklore 3296:Marzanna 3291:Kostroma 3246:Werewolf 3221:Topielec 3186:Shishiga 3176:Samodiva 3131:Nocnitsa 3091:Koshchei 3086:Karzełek 3061:Firebird 3017:Chernava 2997:Błędnica 2957:Alkonost 2945:Entities 2926:Vodyanoy 2886:Dvorovoy 2871:Bolotnik 2840:Kikimora 2835:Drekavac 2675:Burislav 2415:Svetovit 2353:Pereplut 2338:Radegast 2334:or Prone 2127:Belgrade 1919:Belgrade 1885:Archived 1856:Belgrade 1762:Belgrade 1673:"ала²". 1471:Belgrade 1350:chthonic 1336:name day 1301:Russians 1196:St. Sava 1168:folklore 1139:men are 1047:Šumadija 1030:Simulium 997:St. Sava 982:holidays 944:and the 794:field's 734:Leskovac 693:Boljevac 623:Bulgaria 501:, while 356:Language 347:help:IPA 255:divinity 244:toponyms 169:eclipses 141:folklore 93:Bulgaria 53:Grouping 39:who led 3805:Fantasy 3777:Ynglism 3625:Dazhbog 3613:Uacilla 3508:Bohemia 3496:Moravia 3432:Serbian 3427:Russian 3387:Beliefs 3366:Objects 3281:Koliada 3206:Stricha 3196:Strzyga 3171:Rusalka 3156:Rahmans 3146:Psoglav 3081:Ispolin 3071:Gamayun 3042:Dukljan 3027:Cikavac 3012:Bukavac 3007:Boginki 2921:Polevik 2916:Ovinnik 2911:Moryana 2881:Domovoy 2760:Misizla 2616:Voloska 2587:Pogvizd 2488:Moryana 2478:Koliada 2430:Yarovit 2420:Triglav 2368:Stribog 2363:Simargl 2320:Porevit 2315:Porenut 2275:Pizamar 2255:Kresnik 2212:Dazhbog 2194:Deities 2003:Sources 1404:Serbian 1290:Russian 1184:dragons 1152:Serbian 1137:aloviti 1132:aloviti 1117:aloviti 1113:aloviti 1109:zduhaći 1105:aloviti 1097:aloviti 1090:aloviti 1082:aloviti 1070:aloviti 1054:Aloviti 1043:Golubac 986:gullies 970:skylark 950:eclipse 861:vračara 746:šestaci 697:Homolje 669:fairies 537:khalaza 533:chalaza 512:Turkish 491:Serbian 389:Serbian 363:Plural 318:synonym 298:of the 282:Balkans 272:Marta, 206:tales, 196:Balkans 192:possess 182:, or a 176:monster 99:Details 81:Country 3842:Notes: 3522:(980s) 3516:(960s) 3514:Poland 3510:(880s) 3504:(860s) 3498:(830s) 3463:Bylina 3442:Polish 3347:Kitezh 3322:Alatyr 3306:Jarilo 3286:Kupala 3271:German 3236:Zduhać 3211:Sudice 3201:Stuhać 3191:Skrzak 3121:Molfar 3116:Meduza 3096:Krsnik 3076:Indrik 3066:Gagana 2931:Shubin 2901:Boruta 2866:Bannik 2775:Popiel 2735:Libuše 2647:Zhrets 2642:Volkhv 2637:Vedmak 2599:Troyan 2565:Kupala 2405:Svarog 2373:Pogoda 2310:Podaga 2285:Hennil 2280:Yarilo 2270:Mokosh 2265:Morana 2234:Diviya 2217:Devana 2104:Liceum 2071:  2020:  1981:"Змей" 1925:  1862:  1768:  1739:  1685:  1652:  1595:  1477:  1254:devils 1219:trance 1211:zduhać 1194:, and 1143:, and 1101:trance 1078:Serbia 1010:mother 974:alosan 966:rabies 962:alosan 912:where 819:levees 679:curses 643:dragon 635:Kosovo 612:Serbia 309:lamnja 218:Origin 212:Eagles 180:dragon 157:demons 151:, and 112:storms 108:clouds 85:Serbia 3695:Apsat 3683:Tutyr 3654:Veles 3603:Veles 3422:Czech 3357:Vyraj 3332:Buyan 3231:Vesna 3181:Sirin 3151:Raróg 3101:Likho 3032:Chort 2967:Babay 2896:Leshy 2850:Upiór 2845:Mavka 2785:Sadko 2621:Yesha 2611:Vesna 2606:] 2594:] 2582:] 2575:Lelya 2560:Krodo 2555:Flins 2545:] 2533:] 2503:Zorya 2473:] 2445:Żywie 2440:Zorya 2435:Zhiva 2425:Veles 2400:] 2388:] 2332:] 2325:Prove 2305:Perun 2250:Khors 2245:] 2229:] 1834:, Ала 1810:Sofia 1642:(PDF) 1571:Sofia 1379:(PDF) 1340:latch 1319:poker 1297:motif 1223:Banat 1176:pagan 915:slava 807:magic 647:spell 596:demon 520:Greek 516:snake 427:hali 424:хали 419:hala 416:хала 345:(see 326:lamya 314:lamia 304:Lamia 184:raven 153:Serbs 67:Demon 37:demon 3810:Film 3241:Zmey 3111:Mare 3037:Čuma 3002:Blud 2987:Bies 2977:Bauk 2830:Vila 2570:Lada 2538:Dana 2526:Chur 2461:Dola 2393:Zelu 2300:Niya 2148:help 2069:ISBN 2054:help 2018:ISBN 1923:ISBN 1860:ISBN 1766:ISBN 1737:ISBN 1683:ISBN 1650:ISSN 1637:хала 1593:ISBN 1475:ISBN 1420:Kuma 1408:alav 1213:, a 1207:term 1125:smuk 1086:caul 946:Moon 775:hail 750:Moon 604:hail 602:and 580:xal- 576:root 568:xala 552:xala 545:hala 543:and 503:hala 450:ali 447:али 442:ala 439:ала 404:ale 401:але 396:ala 393:ала 383:IPA 374:IPA 320:for 291:vlva 270:baba 259:Baba 240:baba 133:hali 125:hala 43:and 41:hail 3226:Ved 3126:Nav 2952:Ala 2493:Rod 2343:Rod 2290:Kyi 2222:Dyi 1791:Niš 1245:or 1166:In 1076:In 1056:men 942:Sun 621:In 566:in 541:ala 535:or 495:ala 470:or 380:R. 377:C. 371:R. 368:C. 343:IPA 322:ala 278:bab 274:bab 143:of 131:or 129:ale 123:or 121:ala 119:An 104:sky 22:Ala 3858:: 2604:ru 2592:ru 2580:ru 2543:ru 2531:ru 2471:ru 2398:cs 2386:fr 2384:; 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Index


demon
hail
thunderstorms
Legendary creature
Demon
Serbia
North Macedonia
Bulgaria
sky
clouds
storms
mythological creature
folklore
Bulgarians
Macedonians
Serbs
demons
hail-producing
thunderclouds
eclipses
monster
dragon
raven
assume various human or animal shapes
possess
Balkans
Baba Yaga
Christianized
St. Elijah

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