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distribution of the product of labor between capitalist and worker on a more equitable basis. Paramount to increasing production, Brisbane believed, was a reorganization of society into various subdivisions called "groups," "series," and "sacred legions," based upon the natural affinities of their participants. This reorganization would boost production by building enthusiasm for labor, gathering individuals of like proclivities for common tasks.
1977:
speak with French
Associationists about their experiences. The 8-month trip effectively removed the commanding general of the Fourierist army from the campaign at its most critical juncture and is characterized by Carl J. Guarneri, a leading historian of the movement, as a reflection of Brisbane's "lifelong inability to cope with power and responsibility." With no energetic leader to replace Brisbane, the movement's momentum quickly dissipated.
1973:
convention made a point of renouncing the fanciful, conjectural aspects of
Fourier's writings, instead endorsing the concrete plan of association derived from his writings, in addition to its underlying philosophical framework. Work was done to create a formal "Union of Associations" to help coordinate the efforts of the myriad of small phalanxes coming into existence, and a meeting of such a group was planned for the following October.
1656:
1927:
2013:
Rosalia
Brisbane, b. 1851. Later in life, Lodoiska, who never ceased to regard herself as Albert Brisbane's widow, referred to her five deceased children, in which she might have included Nina Durand b. 1837. After the death of Albert's son Charles, his children Howard Pascal Brisbane (1859-1922) and Adele Brisbane (b. 1861) lived with their grandfather Albert Brisbane and Lodoiska.
2009:. LeBrun was Catholic, which reportedly bothered his parents, and five years later, she moved back to Italy with their two young children, who historians conclude were probably Albert's; however, no record of marriage between the two has been located. One of these children was Charles Fourier Brisbane (1834-1867) whom Albert brought back to the US from Europe in 1851.
1917:"Association will establish Christianity practically upon Earth. It will make the love of God and the love of the neighbor the greatest desire, and the practice of all men. Temptation to wrong will be taken from the paths of men, and a thousand perverting and degrading circumstances and influences will be purged from the social world."
1909:
Following
Fourier, Brisbane also sought the revolutionization of the family unit, proclaiming the individual home to be possessed of "monotony," "anti-social spirit," and the "absence of emulation," through which, he felt, it "debilitates the energies of the soul, and produces apathy and intellectual
2012:
In 1847, Albert began a relationship with
Lodoiska Durand (née Manesca), the daughter of Jean Manesca who had divorced her previous husband in 1844, who was later ruled a common-law wife with whom he had three children: a boy who died as an infant (1848-1849), Flora Manesca Brisbane (1857-1884) and
1803:
Brisbane developed an affection for knowledge at an early age and as an inquisitive youth he learned various mechanical skills in the small carpentry, blacksmith, and saddle shops of
Batavia. Unsatisfied with the quality of education in Batavia and with visions of an illustrious future for his son,
2089:
1885:
In 1832 Brisbane left for Paris, where he would stay two years studying
Fourier's system, including obtaining direct tutelage from the 60-year-old theorist himself He made the acquaintance of other devotees of Fourier's ideas during this initial phase of the Fourierist movement. He would return to
1877:
and was immediately converted to the writer's ideas. Fourier, a French philosopher and writer, spent the greater part of his life attempting to uncover universal laws which he believed governed society so that productive enterprise could be reorganized on a rational basis, production expanded, and
1976:
At this critical juncture in the emergence of a practical movement, with 10 phalanxes already in existence and others at the planning stage, Albert
Brisbane, the uncontested leader of Fourierism in America, made the fateful decision to depart for France to study Fourier's manuscripts there and to
1934:
Brisbane's 1840 book was well-received and it enjoyed immediate success, gaining a broad readership among those concerned with the problems of society and helping to launch the
Fourierist movement in the United States. Among those who read Brisbane's book and was thereby converted to the ideas of
1898:
Brisbane accepted
Fourier's ideas as a matter of faith, believing that the "social destiny of man" was an immutable force of nature; once the laws of this development were identified and publicized, he believed, the regeneration and transformation of the world would be rapid and effective. On the
2074:
After his 1877 marriage to Bates, Albert's brother, George, was so outraged that he wrote an angry letter, which later became public, accusing the couple of bigamy because Lodoiska was still alive and had never obtained a divorce dissolving their common-law marriage. In return, Redelia filed a
1972:
A national movement of "Associationists' began to take form in 1843 and 1844, with a founding convention of the General Association for the Friends of Association in the United States held in New York City from April 4–6, 1844, attended by delegates from as far away as Maine and Virginia. The
1905:
Brisbane argued that the remedy to society's ills lay in the adoption of more efficient forms of production, based upon the principle of harmony of the owners of capital and those employed by them. He did not envision the elimination of the role of the capitalist, but rather the regulation of
1878:
human needs more readily fulfilled. Fourier believed in a fundamental harmony of the universe and a preordained series of periods through which societies needed to necessarily travel from their primitive to their advanced state, and he considered himself a scientific discoverer akin to
1985:
In 1877, after his new marriage to Redelia Bates, they relocated to Europe with his children with a view towards the education of the latter. The family traveled the continent for two years before taking up resident in Paris. His health in decline and suffering from
1990:, Brisbane pursued personal intellectual pursuits and tried his hand as an inventor, concentrating in particular on an effort to create an oven which cooked in a vacuum, thereby allowing the baking of bread and pastry without the use of yeast.
2071:, again with Lodoiska. Historians conclude that because of overlapping births of children in the two relationships and the corresponding census records, Albert was simultaneously maintaining two separate households with each woman.
2079:
suit against George, requesting $ 50,000 in damages. At the same time, Lodoiska filed her own lawsuit requesting a divorce and alimony payments from Albert, of which she eventually prevailed, receiving $ 25 a week.
2127:, became one of the best-known American newspaper editors of the 20th century. The papers of father and son are held together as Brisbane Family Papers collection by the Special Collections Research Center of
2721:
Barnes, Larry D. (July 18, 2008). "THE BRISBANES OF BATAVIA | A TALE THAT INCLUDES AN UTOPIAN DREAMER, GREED, BIGAMY, GREAT WEALTH, A LIBEL SUIT, AND DECADES OF INTRAFAMILY LITIGATION OVER PROPERTY". City of
2135:. The Albert Brisbane material is housed in one archival box and includes biographical material, correspondence, microfilm of his diaries from the 1830s, and a 56-page autobiography dated London, 1881.
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1886:
the United States a committed believer and proselytizer of Fourier's idea of association and began work on a book to expound the ideas of his late master. Brisbane's first and most famous book,
33:
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early in the spring of the following year. Good health did not return, however, and late in April Brisbane became bedridden and began to await his inevitable death.
192:
1910:
death." In opposition to this "selfishness," Brisbane opposed the communal ideal of association, living in collective dwellings and sharing the common table.
1849:
and dropped out of the Saint-Simondian movement altogether. Brisbane would later dismiss Saint-Simon's doctrines as "artificial and in some respects false."
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1841:. Brisbane was very active with the promotion of Saint-Simon's ideas for a time, but became disaffected when the movement split between the followers of
2111:
Albert Brisbane died in Richmond early in the morning on May 1, 1890. His body was transported home to Western New York and where he was buried in the
2096:
After his return to the United States in 1889, Brisbane soon became ill and was forced to seek a change of climate to improve his health, traveling to
1825:
in Paris and Berlin. He made the acquaintance of a number of prominent European intellectuals and political figures during the course of his studies.
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1773:
923:
1804:
Brisbane's father sent him to a boarding school in Long Island, New York at the age of fifteen. He briefly stayed at the school before moving to
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1809:
1776:
from Pennsylvania. They opened an office in Batavia to sell the land in parcels and establish settlements, which included the city that became
2206:
Theory of the Functions of the Human Passions Followed by an Outline View of the Fundamental Principles of Fourier's Theory of Social Science.
1838:
2047:
In 1877, eleven years after Sarah's death, Brisbane married the 30 years younger Redelia Bates (1842–1943), who had been involved with the
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He was the son of Mary Stevens (died 1889) and James Brisbane (1776–1851), a wealthy landowner. In 1798, James Brisbane, along with
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1254:
385:
1732:. He also founded the Fourierist Society in New York in 1839 and backed several other phalanx communes in the 1840s and 1850s. His son,
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1943:. Greeley would provide valuable service to the Fourierist movement by advancing its ideas in the pages of his newspaper of that day,
1814:
1899:
heels of his first successful book, in 1843 Brisbane published another adaptation of Fourier to American conditions, a book entitled
1264:
329:
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1961:
and from 1843 to 1845 more than 30 Fourierian "Phalanxes" were established in a number of northern and midwestern states. In 1844,
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873:
1969:
agrarian community in Massachusetts, formally declared itself a Fourierist community based on Brisbane's teachings.
2928:
Pettit, R. "Albert Brisbane, Apostle of Fourierism in the United States 1834-1890" Ph.D. Thesis, Oxford Ohio (1982)
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1821:. His New York schooling would ultimately be followed by six years of education abroad, with Brisbane studying
90:
1524:
1239:
450:
1842:
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300:
270:
95:
2220:
General Introduction to Social Science: Part First: Introduction to Fourier's Theory of Social Organization.
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1940:
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324:
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224:
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1214:
833:
628:
319:
280:
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A Concise Exposition of the Doctrine of Association: Or, Plan for a Re-organization of Society.
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2198:
A Concise Exposition of the Doctrine of Association: Or, Plan for a Re-organization of Society.
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1229:
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878:
768:
375:
171:
3173:
3165:
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1744:
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3063:
the European Travel Diaries of Albert Brisbane, 1830-1832: Discovering Fourierism for America
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1339:
1324:
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483:
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1947:
throughout 1840 and 1841, and offering Brisbane a column in his successor publication, the
1765:
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1219:
583:
406:
285:
251:
1993:
In 1889, the family returned to New York state, ostensibly so that Brisbane could build a
8:
3146:
2830:
2128:
2021:
2020:
Alice Brisbane (1859–1953), who married Charles R. Thursby, a writer, and was painted by
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738:
658:
423:
334:
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2190:
Association: Or, A Concise Exposition of the Practical Part of Fourier's Social Science.
2180:
1901:
Association: Or, A Concise Exposition of the Practical Part of Fourier's Social Science.
3251:
3044:
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2105:
1869:
Searching for new ideas, Brisbane read a newly published short work by the philosopher
1852:
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698:
623:
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365:
184:
65:
2685:"A CLOUD ON A TITLE | HOW ALBERT BRISBANE'S MARITAL RELATIONS WERE BROUGHT INTO COURT"
2256:
Transcendental Utopias: Individual and Community at Brook Farm, Fruitlands, and Walden
1957:
A groundswell of enthusiasm resulted from coverage of the ideas of Association in the
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1966:
1857:
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1753:
1715:
1640:
1615:
1530:
1477:
863:
818:
648:
513:
218:
46:
2326:"THE WOMAN OF THE FUTURE. MR. ALBERT BRISBANE'S VIEWS ON MARRIAGE AND SOCIAL REFORM"
3209:
2909:
2112:
1949:
1913:
Brisbane cast the adoption of Fourier's system in millennial terms, asserting that
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1625:
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993:
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688:
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256:
245:
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548:
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1870:
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to survey the 4,000,000 acres (1,600,000 ha) that had been purchased by the
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758:
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493:
360:
263:
161:
3324:
2005:
In 1833, Albert returned from Europe with Adele LeBrun, who was alleged to be a
3061:
Brisbane, Albert (2005). Mellen, Abigail; Stallsmith, Allaire Brisbane (eds.).
2097:
1936:
1784:
1736:, became one of the best known American newspaper editors of the 20th century.
1472:
1116:
918:
893:
848:
823:
728:
608:
598:
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478:
417:
3166:"Part IV Humanitarianism (1840 1860), Chapter II Association and Co-operation"
3031:
Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University Libraries, Nov. 1991.
3335:
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1805:
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978:
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32:
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3080:
3029:"Brisbane Family Papers: An Inventory of its Papers at Syracuse University,"
2914:
2897:
2138:
Albert's great-grandson, Arthur S. Brisbane, was appointed Public Editor of
2036:(1863–1936), who married Phoebe Cary (1890–1967), a daughter of polo-player
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853:
763:
733:
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708:
693:
663:
578:
568:
533:
473:
3295:
3291:
3221:
2812:
New York\u002C State Census\u002C 1855, 1850 United States Federal Census
2037:
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1013:
1008:
988:
983:
963:
958:
943:
938:
933:
858:
813:
808:
778:
748:
593:
488:
370:
3255:
1722:
in the United States. Brisbane was the author of several books, notably
2153:
1962:
1822:
1635:
1457:
773:
558:
411:
229:
3307:
The Utopian persuasion of Albert Brisbane, First Apostle of Fourierism
3284:
Albert Brisbane: Apostle of Fourierism in the United States, 1834-1890
3091:
Albert Brisbane: A Mental Biography with a Character Study by his Wife
2978:"National Register of Historic Places Registration: Batavia Cemetery,"
2182:
Social Destiny of Man, Or, Association and Reorganization of Industry.
3178:. Vol. v. 1. New York: The Macmillan Company. pp. 493–521.
2063:
with Lodoiska. However, the Census of 1860 reports Albert living in
2059:
The United States Census of 1850 indicates that Albert was living in
1994:
1834:
1630:
1520:
838:
793:
703:
588:
538:
380:
312:
239:
2988:
New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation
2088:
2006:
1987:
1815:
1497:
788:
683:
428:
234:
2104:, that winter. Together with Bates, Brisbane again moved north to
3111:
The Utopian Alternative: Fourierism in Nineteenth-century America
2101:
1926:
1590:
2016:
In 1853, Albert married Sarah White and they had five children:
3234:
Madison, Charles A. (1943). "Albert Brisbane: Social Dreamer".
3151:(5th ed.). New York: Funk & Wagnalls. pp. 70–91.
1600:
2213:"Philosophy of Money: A New Currency and a New Credit System,"
1718:
and is remembered as the chief popularizer of the theories of
1655:
2076:
2067:
with Sarah. In the next Census of 1870, Albert was living in
1997:
of the vacuum oven which he had been attempting to perfect.
2458:
2115:
in Batavia, alongside his parents and previous wife Sarah.
3041:"Times Chooses a Public Editor, Giving Him a 3-Year Term."
2844:
Delphi Complete Works of John Singer Sargent (Illustrated)
2745:
2743:
2741:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2587:
2585:
2518:
2516:
2514:
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2558:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2278:
2276:
2193:
New York, NY: Greeley & McElrath (and others), 1843.
2738:
2614:
2597:
2582:
2570:
2528:
2509:
2482:
2470:
2446:
3205:
Critics & Crusaders: A Century of American Protest
2958:
2931:
2662:
2638:
2626:
2555:
2423:
1833:
In Berlin, Brisbane became interested in the ideas of
2411:
2399:
2378:"Brisbane, Albert (1809-1890) | The Vault at Pfaff's"
2358:
2346:
2273:
2159:
List of Fourierist Associations in the United States
1935:
socialism was a young New York newspaper publisher,
3362:
19th-century American newspaper publishers (people)
2898:"Women's Letters to Walt Whitman: Some Corrections"
3304:
3108:
2767:. Secretary of State. October 24, 1844. p. 67
2764:Acts of the Legislature of the State of New Jersey
2320:
2318:
2209:New York, NY: Miller, Orton, & Mulligan, 1856.
1954:from the time of its establishment in March 1842.
16:American utopian socialist, writer, and journalist
1875:Treatise on Domestic and Agricultural Association
3333:
3311:(PhD). Bloomington, IN, US: Indiana University.
2303:. Austin, TX: Texas State Historical Association
1752:Albert Brisbane was born on August 22, 1809, in
1714:(August 22, 1809 – May 1, 1890) was an American
3115:. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
2679:
2677:
2315:
1760:(1760–1826) and three others, had traveled to
2215:article in symposium of unknown origin. 1863.
1726:(1840), as well as the Fourierist periodical
1692:
2674:
2295:Guthrie, Christopher E. (November 1, 1994).
1864:
1748:Albert Brisbane self-portrait, age eighteen
3242:(3). The Phi Beta Kappa Society: 284–296.
2370:
1699:
1685:
1197:World Socialist Party of the United States
31:
3269:(MA). Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa.
3148:History of socialism in the United States
3023:
3021:
2913:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2552:New York, NY: J.S. Redfield, 1844; pg. 2.
1980:
1265:Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee
330:Communist Party USA and African Americans
3163:
3137:
3106:
3087:
3060:
2964:
2952:
2940:
2870:
2749:
2732:
2668:
2656:
2644:
2632:
2620:
2608:
2591:
2576:
2564:
2534:
2522:
2503:
2491:
2476:
2464:
2452:
2440:
2417:
2405:
2364:
2352:
2288:
2282:
2185:Philadelphia, PA: C.F. Stollmeyer, 1840.
2087:
2054:
1925:
1851:
1828:
1795:in protest over its regimented rituals.
1743:
1739:
3357:19th-century American newspaper editors
3094:. Boston, MA, US: Arena Publishing Co.
2970:
2294:
2252:
1837:, becoming an advocate of the ideas of
1483:A People's History of the United States
128: 1853; died 1866)
3334:
3175:History of Labour in the United States
3018:
2999:
2895:
2889:
2835:
2794:New York\u002C State Census\u002C 1855
2720:
2705:
1856:Brisbane was a disciple of the French
1295:International Workingmen's Association
1067:Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party
3286:(PhD). Oxford, OH: Miami University.
2847:. Delphi Classics. September 26, 2015
1921:
3143:"Chapter III: The Fourierist Period"
2092:Brisbane towards the end of his life
1808:and studying with tutors, including
1290:International Socialist Organization
2049:National Woman Suffrage Association
1893:
1057:Freedom Road Socialist Organization
13:
3352:19th-century American male writers
3191:
2201:New York, NY: J.S. Redfield, 1844.
1405:Workers Party of the United States
1375:Social Democratic Party of America
1122:Revolutionary Communist Party, USA
1097:Party for Socialism and Liberation
14:
3418:
3387:Journalists from New York (state)
3267:Brisbane on Fourierism in America
3200:"Albert Brisbane: Social Dreamer"
2803:1900 United States Federal Census
2785:1870 United States Federal Census
2223:New York, NY: C.P. Somerby, 1876.
2164:American Union of Associationists
1390:Students for a Democratic Society
1225:American Union of Associationists
1209:Inactive or defunct organizations
3282:Pettitt, Richard Norman (1982).
3006:. Editor & Publisher Company
2000:
1787:descent and his father James, a
1783:Brisbane's mother, Mary, was of
1666:
1654:
1380:Socialist Labor Party of America
1315:Maoist Internationalist Movement
1305:Labor Party of the United States
1072:Green Party of the United States
1047:Democratic Socialists of America
203:
3198:Madison, Charles Allan (1947).
3034:
2993:
2922:
2876:
2824:
2815:
2806:
2797:
2788:
2779:
2755:
2540:
1260:Democratic Socialist Federation
1092:New Afrikan Black Panther Party
1077:Industrial Workers of the World
145:
125:
2297:"Brisbane, Albert (1809–1890)"
2246:
2233:
2118:
1772:(1734–1806), one of the first
1448:International Socialist Review
1355:Revolutionary Socialist League
1:
3397:People from Batavia, New York
3159:– via Internet Archive.
3133:– via Internet Archive.
3102:– via Internet Archive.
2902:Walt Whitman Quarterly Review
1032:Black Riders Liberation Party
271:1877 St. Louis general strike
96:Humboldt University of Berlin
2259:. Cornell University Press.
2227:
2065:Westchester County, New York
1860:Charles Fourier (1772-1837).
1798:
1793:Scottish Presbyterian Church
1370:Social Democratic Federation
1360:Revolutionary Youth Movement
1350:Proletarian Party of America
1280:Independent Socialist League
1250:Communist League of Struggle
1137:South Carolina Workers Party
276:1912 Lawrence textile strike
91:Faculté des lettres de Paris
7:
3392:New York (state) socialists
3303:Rohler, Lloyd Earl (1977).
3265:Olson, Robert Carl (1964).
3164:Hoagland, Henry E. (1918).
2147:
2043:Fowell Brisbane (1866–1911)
1941:US House of Representatives
1410:Young Patriots Organization
1365:Social Democracy of America
1245:Communist League of America
1157:Socialist Rifle Association
1037:Black Socialists in America
10:
3423:
3372:American political writers
3107:Guarneri, Carl J. (1991).
3088:Brisbane, Redelia (1893).
3054:
2169:Victor Prosper Considerant
2100:, before heading south to
1385:Socialist Party of America
1087:National Progressive Party
451:2007–2008 financial crisis
325:American Protective League
313:Repression and persecution
3367:American male journalists
3232:Originally published as:
3000:E.J.S. (April 14, 1917).
2884:The Papers of Will Rogers
2253:Francis, Richard (2007).
2061:Bergen County, New Jersey
2027:Hugo Brisbane (1862–1871)
1965:, already an established
1890:would see print in 1840.
1052:Freedom Party of New York
446:1999 Seattle WTO protests
167:
156:
104:
83:
73:
54:
39:
30:
23:
3065:. Lewiston, NY: Mellen.
2241:American Countercultures
2174:
2083:
2069:Union County, New Jersey
1865:Conversion to Fourierism
1673:United States portal
1541:Bill of Rights socialism
1285:International Socialists
1255:Communist Workers' Party
1215:American Indian Movement
1147:Socialist Equality Party
320:American Defense Society
281:Catholic Worker Movement
183:This article is part of
3228:– via HathiTrust.
3214:2027/mdp.39015026638950
2915:10.13008/2153-3695.1326
2896:Ceniza, Sherry (1992).
1939:, later elected to the
1930:Albert Brisbane in 1840
1556:Individualist anarchism
1162:Socialist Workers Party
1112:Progressive Labor Party
1102:Peace and Freedom Party
1062:Freedom Socialist Party
3172:; et al. (eds.).
2093:
1981:Second European period
1931:
1919:
1888:Social Destiny of Man,
1861:
1749:
1230:American Workers Party
1182:Working Families Party
434:Poor People's Campaign
376:Seattle General Strike
174:(granddaughter-in-law)
172:Margaret Hunt Brisbane
3327:– via ProQuest.
2382:pfaffs.web.lehigh.edu
2091:
2055:Accusations of bigamy
1929:
1915:
1873:(1772–1837) entitled
1855:
1829:Interest in socialism
1747:
1740:Early life and family
1724:Social Destiny of Man
1581:Libertarian socialism
1325:New American Movement
1142:Social Democrats, USA
1132:Socialist Alternative
356:Espionage Act of 1917
3236:The American Scholar
3048:June 22, 2010 p. B6.
2831:Blog of the Courtier
1839:Henri de Saint-Simon
1791:, had abandoned the
1766:Holland Land Company
1661:Socialism portal
1621:Scientific socialism
1546:Democratic socialism
1220:American Labor Party
1026:Active organizations
407:Black power movement
286:Green Corn Rebellion
196:in the United States
3407:Virginia socialists
3377:American socialists
2976:Robert T. Englert,
2821:1870 Federal Census
2467:, pp. 496–497.
2129:Syracuse University
2022:John Singer Sargent
1843:Barthélemy Enfantin
1536:Anarcho-syndicalism
1488:Voluntary Socialism
1400:White Panther Party
1395:Weather Underground
1235:Black Panther Party
1192:Working Class Party
1187:Workers World Party
1152:Socialist Party USA
1082:Legal Marijuana Now
1042:Communist Party USA
424:March on Washington
335:Communist Party USA
225:Bishop Hill Commune
3402:Utopian socialists
3208:. H. Holt and Co.
3045:The New York Times
2983:2012-08-07 at the
2690:The New York Times
2506:, pp. 498–49.
2331:The New York Times
2141:The New York Times
2133:Syracuse, New York
2106:Richmond, Virginia
2094:
1932:
1922:Brisbane at zenith
1862:
1750:
1335:Nonpartisan League
1275:Human Rights Party
1270:Farmer–Labor Party
456:Occupy Wall Street
366:John Birch Society
291:Labor unionization
66:Richmond, Virginia
2955:, pp. 42–43.
2735:, pp. 21–22.
2659:, pp. 37–38.
2546:Albert Brisbane,
2386:Lehigh University
2301:Handbook of Texas
1967:Transcendentalist
1959:New York Tribune,
1858:Utopian socialist
1778:Buffalo, New York
1754:Batavia, New York
1716:utopian socialist
1709:
1708:
1641:Utopian socialism
1616:Post-left anarchy
1531:Anarcho-communism
1478:The Other America
1177:Spartacist League
504:Bellamy (Francis)
219:Utopian socialism
178:
177:
47:Batavia, New York
3414:
3328:
3310:
3299:
3278:
3259:
3229:
3187:
3170:Commons, John R.
3160:
3139:Hillquit, Morris
3134:
3114:
3103:
3084:
3049:
3038:
3032:
3025:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
2997:
2991:
2974:
2968:
2962:
2956:
2950:
2944:
2938:
2929:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2893:
2887:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2839:
2833:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2786:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2681:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2595:
2589:
2580:
2574:
2568:
2562:
2553:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2480:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2322:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2271:
2270:
2250:
2244:
2237:
2123:Brisbane's son,
2113:Batavia Cemetery
1950:New York Tribune
1894:Brisbane's ideas
1820:
1817:
1762:Western New York
1701:
1694:
1687:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1659:
1658:
1626:Social democracy
1596:Marxism–Leninism
1586:Market socialism
1468:Monopoly Capital
1463:Looking Backward
1428:Appeal to Reason
1127:Socialist Action
1107:Progressive Dane
849:Parsons (Albert)
729:Heywood (Angela)
499:Bellamy (Edward)
386:Smith Act trials
306:Women's suffrage
296:Haymarket affair
257:Oneida Community
246:Looking Backward
207:
197:
180:
179:
149:
147:
129:
127:
78:Batavia Cemetery
61:
35:
21:
20:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3332:
3331:
3302:
3281:
3264:
3233:
3197:
3194:
3192:Further reading
3123:
3073:
3057:
3052:
3039:
3035:
3026:
3019:
3009:
3007:
3003:Arthur Brisbane
2998:
2994:
2985:Wayback Machine
2975:
2971:
2963:
2959:
2951:
2947:
2939:
2932:
2927:
2923:
2894:
2890:
2881:
2877:
2869:
2860:
2850:
2848:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2768:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2748:
2739:
2731:
2727:
2719:
2706:
2696:
2694:
2693:. April 8, 1885
2683:
2682:
2675:
2667:
2663:
2655:
2651:
2643:
2639:
2631:
2627:
2619:
2615:
2607:
2598:
2590:
2583:
2575:
2571:
2563:
2556:
2545:
2541:
2533:
2529:
2521:
2510:
2502:
2498:
2490:
2483:
2475:
2471:
2463:
2459:
2451:
2447:
2439:
2424:
2416:
2412:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2363:
2359:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2335:
2324:
2323:
2316:
2306:
2304:
2293:
2289:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2251:
2247:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2177:
2150:
2125:Arthur Brisbane
2121:
2086:
2057:
2034:Arthur Brisbane
2030:Albert Brisbane
2003:
1983:
1945:The New Yorker,
1924:
1896:
1871:Charles Fourier
1867:
1831:
1812:
1801:
1758:Joseph Ellicott
1742:
1734:Arthur Brisbane
1720:Charles Fourier
1712:Albert Brisbane
1705:
1667:
1665:
1653:
1646:
1645:
1551:Green anarchism
1511:
1503:
1502:
1433:Current Affairs
1423:
1415:
1414:
1210:
1202:
1201:
1027:
1019:
1018:
714:Haywood (Harry)
469:
461:
460:
361:First Red Scare
264:Progressive Era
215:
195:
193:
162:Arthur Brisbane
152:
151:
148: 1877)
143:
139:
131:
123:
119:
116:
100:
69:
63:
59:
50:
44:
43:August 22, 1809
26:
25:Albert Brisbane
17:
12:
11:
5:
3420:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3330:
3329:
3300:
3279:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3161:
3135:
3121:
3104:
3085:
3071:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3033:
3017:
2992:
2990:, August 2001.
2969:
2957:
2945:
2930:
2921:
2908:(3): 145–147.
2888:
2875:
2858:
2834:
2823:
2814:
2805:
2796:
2787:
2778:
2754:
2752:, p. 426.
2737:
2725:
2704:
2673:
2661:
2649:
2637:
2625:
2623:, p. 234.
2613:
2611:, p. 233.
2596:
2594:, p. 232.
2581:
2579:, p. 501.
2569:
2554:
2539:
2537:, p. 500.
2527:
2525:, p. 499.
2508:
2496:
2494:, p. 498.
2481:
2479:, p. 496.
2469:
2457:
2455:, p. 497.
2445:
2422:
2410:
2398:
2369:
2357:
2345:
2334:. May 13, 1883
2314:
2287:
2272:
2266:978-0801473807
2265:
2245:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2216:
2210:
2202:
2194:
2186:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2149:
2146:
2144:in June 2010.
2120:
2117:
2098:North Carolina
2085:
2082:
2056:
2053:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2002:
1999:
1982:
1979:
1937:Horace Greeley
1923:
1920:
1895:
1892:
1866:
1863:
1830:
1827:
1800:
1797:
1741:
1738:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1663:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1518:
1512:
1510:Related topics
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1493:Why Socialism?
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1473:Monthly Review
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1345:People's Party
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1240:Citizens Party
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1117:Redneck Revolt
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
854:Parsons (Lucy)
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
734:Heywood (Ezra)
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
709:Haywood (Bill)
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
579:Davis (Angela)
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
470:
467:
466:
463:
462:
459:
458:
453:
448:
437:
436:
431:
426:
421:
418:I Have a Dream
414:
409:
391:
390:
389:
388:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
352:
351:
346:
339:labor movement
332:
327:
322:
309:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
260:
259:
254:
249:
242:
237:
232:
227:
216:
213:
212:
209:
208:
200:
199:
189:
188:
176:
175:
169:
165:
164:
158:
154:
153:
141:
137:
136:
135:
134:
121:
117:
114:
113:
112:
111:
108:
106:
102:
101:
99:
98:
93:
87:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
64:
62:(aged 80)
56:
52:
51:
45:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3419:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3309:
3308:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3263:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3195:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3122:9781501725289
3118:
3113:
3112:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3072:9780773460706
3068:
3064:
3059:
3058:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3037:
3030:
3024:
3022:
3005:
3004:
2996:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2973:
2967:, p. 43.
2966:
2965:Brisbane 1893
2961:
2954:
2953:Brisbane 1893
2949:
2943:, p. 39.
2942:
2941:Brisbane 1893
2937:
2935:
2925:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2879:
2872:
2871:Brisbane 2005
2867:
2865:
2863:
2846:
2845:
2838:
2832:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2791:
2782:
2766:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2750:Guarneri 1991
2746:
2744:
2742:
2734:
2733:Brisbane 2005
2729:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2680:
2678:
2671:, p. 38.
2670:
2669:Brisbane 1893
2665:
2658:
2657:Brisbane 1893
2653:
2647:, p. 26.
2646:
2645:Brisbane 1893
2641:
2635:, p. 22.
2634:
2633:Brisbane 1893
2629:
2622:
2621:Guarneri 1991
2617:
2610:
2609:Guarneri 1991
2605:
2603:
2601:
2593:
2592:Guarneri 1991
2588:
2586:
2578:
2577:Hoagland 1918
2573:
2567:, p. 81.
2566:
2565:Hillquit 1910
2561:
2559:
2551:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2535:Hoagland 1918
2531:
2524:
2523:Hoagland 1918
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2505:
2504:Hoagland 1918
2500:
2493:
2492:Hoagland 1918
2488:
2486:
2478:
2477:Hoagland 1918
2473:
2466:
2465:Hoagland 1918
2461:
2454:
2453:Hoagland 1918
2449:
2443:, p. 80.
2442:
2441:Hillquit 1910
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2419:
2418:Brisbane 1893
2414:
2408:, p. 56.
2407:
2406:Brisbane 1893
2402:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2367:, p. 54.
2366:
2365:Brisbane 1893
2361:
2355:, p. 50.
2354:
2353:Brisbane 1893
2349:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2307:September 21,
2302:
2298:
2291:
2285:, p. 79.
2284:
2283:Hillquit 1910
2279:
2277:
2268:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2236:
2232:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2116:
2114:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2090:
2081:
2078:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2008:
2001:Personal life
1998:
1996:
1991:
1989:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1928:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1891:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1818:
1811:
1807:
1806:New York City
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1770:Robert Morris
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3010:September 1,
3008:. Retrieved
3002:
2995:
2972:
2960:
2948:
2924:
2905:
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2891:
2883:
2878:
2851:September 1,
2849:. Retrieved
2843:
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2808:
2799:
2790:
2781:
2771:September 1,
2769:. Retrieved
2763:
2757:
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2697:September 1,
2695:. Retrieved
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2640:
2628:
2616:
2572:
2548:
2542:
2530:
2499:
2472:
2460:
2448:
2420:, p. 5.
2413:
2401:
2391:September 1,
2389:. Retrieved
2381:
2372:
2360:
2348:
2338:September 1,
2336:. Retrieved
2329:
2305:. Retrieved
2300:
2290:
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2219:
2205:
2197:
2189:
2181:
2139:
2137:
2122:
2110:
2095:
2073:
2058:
2046:
2015:
2011:
2004:
1992:
1984:
1975:
1971:
1958:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1933:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1887:
1884:
1880:Isaac Newton
1874:
1868:
1847:Amand Bazard
1832:
1810:Jean Manesca
1802:
1782:
1751:
1727:
1723:
1711:
1710:
1606:Minimum wage
1576:Labor unions
1438:Daily Worker
584:Davis (Mike)
523:
440:Contemporary
439:
438:
399:civil rights
393:
392:
311:
310:
262:
261:
244:
217:
60:(1890-05-01)
18:
3382:Fourierists
3347:1890 deaths
3342:1809 births
2873:, p. .
2119:Descendants
2038:Seward Cary
1813: [
1729:The Phalanx
1310:Labor Party
371:McCarthyism
252:New Harmony
115:Sarah White
58:May 1, 1890
3336:Categories
3226:1148605948
2154:Fourierism
1963:Brook Farm
1823:philosophy
1636:Trotskyism
1571:Labor laws
1458:The Jungle
1320:Red Guards
1167:Solidarity
904:Ruthenberg
799:McReynolds
699:Harrington
624:Ehrenreich
564:Carmichael
412:COINTELPRO
230:Brook Farm
3325:302824538
3296:224267507
3292:224267507
3275:233123908
3248:0003-0937
3222:557829102
3184:761856568
3157:697792708
3141:(1910) .
3131:645707565
3100:558039428
2228:Footnotes
1995:prototype
1835:socialism
1799:Education
1631:Socialism
1611:Mutualism
1560:in the US
1525:in the US
1521:Anarchism
1330:New Party
949:Shachtman
784:Lovestone
401:movements
381:Smith Act
349:1937–1957
344:1919–1937
240:Jonestown
194:Socialism
168:Relatives
84:Education
3321:ProQuest
3317:34674352
3256:41204597
3081:60590148
2981:Archived
2722:Batavia.
2148:See also
2007:countess
1988:epilepsy
1816:Wikidata
1774:Senators
1498:ZNetwork
914:Sandburg
894:Roediger
869:Randolph
819:Mitchell
744:Hillquit
639:Feinberg
574:Cockburn
524:Brisbane
519:Bookchin
494:Balagoon
429:New Left
395:Anti-war
235:Icarians
185:a series
157:Children
3055:Sources
2102:Florida
2024:in 1898
1785:English
1591:Marxism
1453:Jacobin
1443:Dissent
1004:Zeidler
969:Tankian
919:Sanders
844:Parenti
809:Morello
774:Labadie
759:Jameson
754:Hoffman
719:Hawkins
694:Hampton
689:Hammett
679:Guthrie
669:Graeber
664:Goldman
659:Gilmore
634:Fearing
619:Du Bois
614:Dreiser
609:De Leon
569:Chomsky
534:Browder
514:Berkman
484:Andrews
337:in the
301:May Day
214:History
150:
142:
130:
122:
118:
105:Spouses
3323:
3315:
3290:
3273:
3254:
3246:
3220:
3182:
3155:
3129:
3119:
3098:
3079:
3069:
2263:
1601:Maoism
1009:Zerzan
984:Turner
974:Thomas
964:Sweezy
954:Shakur
944:Seidel
939:Seeger
929:Sawant
899:Rustin
889:Rocker
874:Ripley
824:Newton
779:London
764:Keller
724:Hedges
674:Greene
654:Gitlow
649:Foster
604:Dennis
559:Cantor
554:Cannon
544:Butler
529:Brooks
509:Berger
489:Avrich
479:Alston
468:People
3252:JSTOR
3168:. In
2175:Works
2084:Death
2077:libel
1819:]
1768:from
1422:Works
1172:Spark
994:Wolff
979:Tlaib
959:Stone
934:Seale
924:Sakai
909:Sacco
884:Rocha
864:Piven
859:Piker
829:Noyes
804:Moore
794:Marcy
629:Ervin
549:Cabet
474:Abern
144:(
140:
124:(
120:
3313:OCLC
3288:OCLC
3271:OCLC
3244:ISSN
3218:OCLC
3180:OCLC
3153:OCLC
3127:OCLC
3117:ISBN
3096:OCLC
3077:OCLC
3067:ISBN
3027:KM,
3012:2016
2853:2016
2773:2016
2699:2016
2393:2016
2340:2016
2309:2021
2261:ISBN
1845:and
1789:Scot
1014:Zinn
999:Wood
989:West
879:Reed
839:Ochs
814:Most
769:King
749:Hoan
739:Hill
684:Hall
644:Ford
599:Debs
589:Dean
539:Bush
397:and
68:, US
55:Died
49:, US
40:Born
3210:hdl
2910:doi
2131:in
789:Lum
704:Hay
594:Day
3338::
3319:.
3294:,
3250:.
3240:12
3238:.
3224:,
3216:.
3202:.
3145:.
3125:.
3075:.
3020:^
2933:^
2904:.
2900:.
2861:^
2740:^
2707:^
2687:.
2676:^
2599:^
2584:^
2557:^
2511:^
2484:^
2425:^
2384:.
2380:.
2328:.
2317:^
2299:.
2275:^
2051:.
1882:.
1780:.
187:on
146:m.
126:m.
3298:.
3277:.
3258:.
3212::
3186:.
3083:.
3014:.
2918:.
2912::
2906:9
2855:.
2775:.
2701:.
2395:.
2342:.
2311:.
2269:.
2040:.
1952:,
1700:e
1693:t
1686:v
1562:)
1558:(
1527:)
1523:(
420:"
416:"
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
