Women's suffrage in the United States

4224: 3566: 2655:, who had discussed the need to organize for women's rights with Mott several years earlier. Stanton, who came from a family that was deeply involved in politics, became a major force in convincing the women's movement that political pressure was crucial to its goals, and that the right to vote was a key weapon. An estimated 300 women and men attended this two-day event, which was widely noted in the press. The only resolution that was not adopted unanimously by the convention was the one demanding women's right to vote, which was introduced by Stanton. When her husband, a well-known social reformer, learned that she intended to introduce this resolution, he refused to attend the convention and accused her of acting in a way that would turn the proceedings into a farce. Lucretia Mott, the main speaker, was also disturbed by the proposal. The resolution was adopted only after 4564:, legislative variations among the states, led to extremely different civil rights for women within the federal system depending upon their residency. Restrictions on literacy, moral character, and ability to pay poll taxes were used to legally exclude women from voting. Large numbers of African American women, as well as men, continued to be denied suffrage in the southern states. Latinos and non-English speaking women were routinely excluded by literacy requirements in the northern states, and many poor women, regardless of race, had no ability to pay poll taxes. As married women's wages and legal access to money were controlled by their husbands, many married women had no ability to pay poll taxes. In 1940, US women were granted their own legal status as citizens and provisions were made for women who had previously lost their citizenship through marriage to regain it. 3261: 3073:, a stockbroker, was invited to speak before a committee of Congress, the first woman to do so. Although she had little previous connection to the women's movement, she presented a modified version of the New Departure strategy. Instead of asking the courts to declare that women had the right to vote, she asked Congress itself to declare that the Constitution implicitly enfranchised women. The committee rejected her suggestion. The NWSA at first reacted enthusiastically to Woodhull's sudden appearance on the scene. Stanton in particular welcomed Woodhull's proposal to assemble a broad-based reform party that would support women's suffrage. Anthony opposed that idea, wanting the NWSA to remain politically independent. The NWSA soon had reason to regret its association with Woodhull. In 1872, she published details of a purported adulterous affair between Rev. 4468: 3109:, the judge directed the jury to deliver a guilty verdict. When he asked Anthony, who had not been permitted to speak during the trial, if she had anything to say, she responded with what one historian has called "the most famous speech in the history of the agitation for woman suffrage". She called "this high-handed outrage upon my citizen's rights", saying, "... you have trampled under foot every vital principle of our government. My natural rights, my civil rights, my political rights, my judicial rights, are all alike ignored." The judge sentenced Anthony to pay a fine of $ 100, she responded, "I shall never pay a dollar of your unjust penalty", and she never did. However the judge did not order her to be imprisoned until she paid the fine, for Anthony could have appealed her case. On August 18, 2020, U.S. President 3797:-born Gardener tried to persuade Paul that including black people would be a bad idea because the Southern delegations were threatening to pull out of the march. Paul had attempted to keep news about black marchers out of the press, but when the Howard group announced they intended to participate, the public became aware of the conflict. A newspaper account indicated that Paul told some black suffragists that the NAWSA believed in equal rights for "colored women", but that some Southern women were likely to object to their presence. A source in the organization insisted that the official stance was to "permit negroes to march if they cared to". In a 1974 oral history interview, Paul recalled the "hurdle" of Terrell's plan to march, which upset the Southern delegations. She said the situation was resolved when a 3627: 4205:

implication that the various states might implement suffrage in different ways or (in some cases) not at all. Having expected more, Catt called an emergency NAWSA convention and proposed what became known as the "Winning Plan". For several years, the NAWSA had focused on achieving suffrage on a state-by-state basis, partly to accommodate members from Southern states who opposed the idea of a national suffrage amendment, considering it an infringement on states' rights. In a strategic shift, the 1916 convention approved Catt's proposal to make a national amendment the priority for the entire organization. It authorized the executive board to specify a plan of work toward this goal for each state and to take over that work if the state organization refused to comply.

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had complementary skills: Anthony excelled at organizing while Stanton had an aptitude for intellectual matters and writing. Stanton, who was homebound with several children during this period, wrote speeches that Anthony delivered to meetings that she herself organized. Together they developed a sophisticated movement in New York State, but their work at this time dealt with women's issues in general, not specifically suffrage. Anthony, who eventually became the person most closely associated in the public mind with women's suffrage, later said, "I wasn't ready to vote, didn't want to vote, but I did want equal pay for equal work." In the period just before the Civil War, Anthony gave priority to anti-slavery work over her work for the women's movement.

3558: 4000:(NWP). Once again the women's movement had split, but the result this time was something like a division of labor. The NAWSA burnished its image of respectability and engaged in highly organized lobbying at both the national and state levels. The smaller NWP also engaged in lobbying but became increasingly known for activities that were dramatic and confrontational, most often in the national capital. One form of protest was the watchfires, which involved burning copies of President Wilson's speeches, often outside the White House or in the nearby Lafayette Park. The NWP continued to hold watchfires even as the war began, drawing criticism from the public and even other suffrage groups for being unpatriotic. 3050: 3835: 3407:(GFWC), founded in 1890. The clubs avoided controversial issues that would divide the membership, especially religion and prohibition. In the South and East, suffrage was also highly divisive, while there was little resistance to it among clubwomen in the West. In the Midwest, club women had first avoided the suffrage issue out of caution, but after 1900 increasingly came to support it. Catt implemented what was known as the "society plan," a successful effort to recruit wealthy members of the women's club movement whose time, money and experience could help build the suffrage movement. By 1914, women's suffrage was endorsed by the national General Federation of Women's Clubs. 3549:

suffrage would bring to women. They rejected leadership by men and stressed the importance of independent women in philanthropy and social betterment. NYSAOWS was narrowly defeated in New York in 1916 and the state voted to give women the vote. The organization moved to Washington to oppose the federal constitutional amendment for suffrage, becoming the "National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage" (NAOWS), where it was taken over by men, and assumed a much harsher rhetorical tone, especially in attacking "red radicalism". After 1919, the antis adjusted smoothly to enfranchisement and became active in party affairs, especially in the Republican Party.

4827:'s centennial, "Queering the suffrage movement" has become an effort actively underway in suffrage scholarly circles. Wendy Rouse writes, "Scholars have already begun 'queering' the history of the suffrage movement by deconstructing the dominant narrative that has focused on the stories of elite, white, upper-class suffragists.” Susan Ware says, "To speak of 'queering the suffrage movement' is to identify it as a space where women felt free to express a wide range of gender non-conforming behaviors, including but not limited to sexual expression, in both public and private settings." Suffragists challenged gendered dress and behavior publicly, e.g., 3248:, the first female lawyer to argue a case before the U.S. Supreme Court, became the first woman to conduct a viable campaign for president. She was nominated, without her advance knowledge, by a California group called the Equal Rights Party. Lockwood advocated women's suffrage and other reforms during a coast-to-coast campaign that received respectful coverage from at least some major periodicals. She financed her campaign partly by charging admission to her speeches. Neither the AWSA nor the NWSA, both of whom had already endorsed the Republican candidate for president, supported Lockwood's candidacy. 21626: 4413:

campaigns to get State constitutional conventions to write woman suffrage into State constitutions; 277 campaigns to get State party conventions to include woman suffrage planks; 30 campaigns to get presidential party conventions to adopt woman suffrage planks in party platforms, and 19 campaigns with 19 successive Congresses. Millions of dollars were raised, mainly in small sums, and expended with economic care. Hundreds of women gave the accumulated possibilities of an entire lifetime, thousands gave years of their lives, hundreds of thousands gave constant interest and such aid as they could.

3663:. (A generation later Clay campaigned against the pending national amendment during the final battle for its ratification.) Amid predictions by some proponents of this strategy that the South would lead the way in the enfranchisement of women, suffrage organizations were established throughout the region. Anthony, Catt and Blackwell campaigned for suffrage in the South in 1895, with the latter two calling for suffrage only for educated women. With Anthony's reluctant cooperation, the NAWSA maneuvered to accommodate the politics of white supremacy in that region. Anthony asked her old friend 19: 3486: 2739:

Stanton advocated women's suffrage in a speech at the New York State Temperance Convention. In 1853, Stone became the first woman to appeal for women's suffrage before a body of lawmakers when she addressed the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention. In 1854, Anthony organized a petition campaign in New York State that included the demand for suffrage. It culminated in a women's rights convention in the state capitol and a speech by Stanton before the state legislature. In 1857, Stone refused to pay taxes on the grounds that women were taxed without being able to vote on tax laws. The

3181: 4477: 3473:. During the 1896 election, woman suffrage and prohibition stood together, and this was brought to the attention of those who opposed both woman suffrage and prohibition. In order to disrupt the campaign's success, a day before the election, the Liquor Dealers' League gathered some businessmen to help undermine the effort. Rumors said that these businessmen were going to make sure all the "bad women" in Oakland, California acted rowdy in order to hurt their reputation and in turn, this would lessen the women's chances of getting the woman's suffrage amendment passed. 2864:, an abolitionist leader who opposed mixing those two causes, surprised and angered AERA workers by blocking the funding that the AERA had expected for their campaign. After an internal struggle, Kansas Republicans decided to support suffrage for black men only and formed an "Anti-Female Suffrage Committee" to oppose the AERA's efforts. By the end of summer, the AERA campaign had almost collapsed, and its finances were exhausted. Anthony and Stanton were harshly criticized by Stone and other AERA members for accepting help during the last days of the campaign from 4658:

Women's Association to press the US Congress to enfranchise Puerto Rican women. When in 1928, the bill passed out of committee and was scheduled for a vote the U. S. House of Representatives, the Puerto Rican legislature realized that if they did not extend suffrage the federal government would. They passed a limited suffrage bill on April 16, 1929, limiting voting rights to literate women. Universal suffrage was finally achieved in Puerto Rico in 1936, when a bill submitted by the Socialist Party the previous year, gained approval in the insular legislature.

4323: 2945: 2986:, Stanton wrote, "American women of wealth, education, virtue and refinement, if you do not wish the lower orders of Chinese, Africans, Germans and Irish, with their low ideas of womanhood to make laws for you and your daughters ... demand that women too shall be represented in government." In another article, she made a similar statement while personifying those four ethnic groups as "Patrick and Sambo and Hans and Yung Tung". Lucy Stone called a suffrage meeting in New Jersey to consider the question, "Shall women alone be omitted in the 3149:, who also assisted with the fourth volume. Written by leaders of one wing of the divided women's movement (Lucy Stone, their main rival, refused to have anything to do with the project), the History of Woman Suffrage preserves an enormous amount of material that might have been lost forever, but it does not give a balanced view of events where their rivals are concerned. Because it was for years the main source of documentation about the suffrage movement, historians have had to uncover other sources to provide a more balanced view. 3906: 2532:. In 1862, the Chief Justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court denied a divorce to a woman whose husband had horsewhipped her, saying, "The law gives the husband power to use such a degree of force necessary to make the wife behave and know her place." Married women in many states could not legally sign contracts, which made it difficult for them to arrange for convention halls, printed materials, and other things needed by the suffrage movement. Restrictions like these were overcome in part by the passage of 47: 3926:, returned to the U.S. after several years in England, where she had associated with suffrage groups still in the early phases of militancy. In 1907, she founded the Equality League of Self-Supporting Women, later called the Women's Political Union, whose membership was based on working women, both professional and industrial. The Equality League initiated the practice of holding suffrage parades and organized the first open air suffrage rallies in thirty years. As many as 25,000 people marched in these parades 3671:

would more than counterbalance giving the vote to the smaller number of black women. No Southern state enfranchised women as a result of this strategy, however, and most Southern suffrage societies that were established during this period lapsed into inactivity. The NAWSA leadership afterwards said it would not adopt policies that "advocated the exclusion of any race or class from the right of suffrage." Nonetheless, NAWSA reflected its white membership's viewpoint by minimizing the role of black suffragists.

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Republican Party and the abolitionist movement. The other, whose leading figures were Anthony and Stanton, insisted that women and black men be enfranchised at the same time and worked toward a politically independent women's movement that would no longer be dependent on abolitionists for financial and other resources. The acrimonious annual meeting of the AERA in May 1869 signaled the effective demise of the organization, in the aftermath of which two competing woman suffrage organizations were created.

2976:, a strong supporter of women's suffrage, said, "The race to which I belong have not generally taken the right ground on this question." Douglass, however, strongly supported the amendment, saying it was a matter of life and death for former slaves. Lucy Stone, who became the AWSA's most prominent leader, supported the amendment but said she believed that suffrage for women would be more beneficial to the country than suffrage for black men. The AWSA and most AERA members also supported the amendment. 4341: 4125: 3333: 21042: 4382:, so the President called a special session of Congress, and a bill, introducing the amendment, was brought before the House again. On May 21, 1919, it was passed, 304 to 89, (Republicans 200-19 for, Democrats 102-69 for, Union Labor 1-0 for, Prohibitionist 1-0 for), 42 votes more than necessary being obtained. On June 4, 1919, it was brought before the Senate, and after a long discussion it was passed, with 56 ayes and 25 nays (Republicans 36-8 for, Democrats 20-17 for). Within a few days, 3006:(which granted citizenship to black men but for the first time introduced the word "male" into the Constitution), saying, "While the dominant party has with one hand lifted up two million black men and crowned them with the honor and dignity of citizenship, with the other it has dethroned fifteen million white women – their own mothers and sisters, their own wives and daughters – and cast them under the heel of the lowest orders of manhood." They urged liberal 3344:

after which the NWSA put more energy into campaigning at the state level, as the AWSA was already doing. Work at the state level, however, also had its frustrations. Between 1870 and 1910, the suffrage movement conducted 480 campaigns in 33 states just to have the issue of women's suffrage brought before the voters, and those campaigns resulted in only 17 instances of the issue actually being placed on the ballot. These efforts led to women's suffrage in two states, Colorado and Idaho.

2355: 3046:, which reads, "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." 3987: 4121:; in Oregon, Kansas and Arizona in 1912; and in Illinois in 1913. Some states allowed women to vote in school elections, municipal elections, or for members of the Electoral College. Some territories, like Washington, Utah, and Wyoming, allowed women to vote before they became states. As women voted in an increasing number of states, Congressmen from those states swung to support a national suffrage amendment, and paid more attention to issues such as child labor. 2790:

to vote. The League's impressive petition drive demonstrated the value of formal organization to the women's movement, which had traditionally resisted organizational structures, and it marked a continuation of the shift of women's activism from moral suasion to political action. Its 5000 members constituted a widespread network of women activists who gained experience that helped create a pool of talent for future forms of social activism, including suffrage.

2780: 20176: 20140: 3444:. The plaintiff, a suffragist named Ethel MacKenzie, was living in California, which since 1911 had extended the franchise to women. However, she had been denied voter registration by the respondent in his capacity as a Commissioner of the San Francisco Board of Election on the grounds of her marriage to a Scottish man. MacKenzie contended that the Expatriation Act of 1907 "if intended to apply to her, is beyond the authority of Congress", as neither the 3970:'s inauguration as president. Opponents of the march turned the event into a near riot, which ended only when a cavalry unit of the army was brought in to restore order. Public outrage over the incident, which cost the chief of police his job, brought publicity to the movement and gave it fresh momentum. In 1914, Paul and her followers began referring to the proposed suffrage amendment as the "Susan B. Anthony Amendment," a name that was widely adopted. 3381: 20186: 11101: 2065: 3224: 3066:, its leader, attempted to vote in her home town in New Jersey. In one court case resulting from a lawsuit brought by women who had been prevented from voting, the U.S. District Court in Washington, D.C., ruled that women did not have an implicit right to vote, declaring that, "The fact that the practical working of the assumed right would be destructive of civilization is decisive that the right does not exist." 2264:, the two-million-member NAWSA also made a national suffrage amendment its top priority. After a hard-fought series of votes in the U.S. Congress and in state legislatures, the Nineteenth Amendment became part of the U.S. Constitution on August 18, 1920. It states, "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex." 4239:, reacted violently, tearing the banners from the picketers' hands. The police, whose actions had previously been restrained, began arresting the picketers for blocking the sidewalk. Eventually over 200 were arrested, about half of whom were sent to prison. In October Alice Paul was sentenced to seven months in prison. When she and other suffragist prisoners began a hunger strike, prison authorities 2881: 4023:, with the motto: "Make the Southern States White." The SSWSC became increasingly at odds with NAWSA and its primary focus on achieving a federal amendment. Most southern suffragists however disagreed and continued to work in affiliation with the NAWSA. Gordon actively campaigned against the Nineteenth Amendment since, in theory, it would also enfranchise African-American women. This would, as 2723: 3758:. While there were two letters discussing the matter, the letter on February 17, 1913, discusses the desire for the women of Howard to be given a desirable place in the march as well as mentioning correspondence and requests from an AKA sorority member, leader of the suffrage parade, vice president of the NAWSA, and appointer of both Paul & Burns as the organizer of the parade, 2837:, a prominent newspaper editor, told Anthony and Stanton, "This is a critical period for the Republican Party and the life of our Nation... I conjure you to remember that this is 'the negro's hour,' and your first duty now is to go through the State and plead his claims." They and others, including Lucy Stone, refused to postpone their demands, however, and continued to push for 2663:, which was written primarily by Stanton, expressed an intent to build a women's rights movement, and it included a list of grievances, the first two of which protested the lack of women's suffrage. The grievances which were aimed at the United States government "demanded government reform and changes in male roles and behaviors that promoted inequality for women." 4529:. Catholic women were reluctant to vote in the early 1920s, but they registered in very large numbers for the 1928 election – the first in which Catholicism was a major issue. A few women were elected to office, but none became especially prominent during this time period. Overall, the women's rights movement declined noticeably during the 1920s. 3863: 3810:, depict events unfolding quite differently, with black women protesting the plan to segregate them. What is clear is that some groups attempted, on the day of the parade, to segregate their delegations. For example, a last-minute instruction by the chair of the state delegation section, Genevieve Stone, caused additional uproar when she asked the 3786:, Dr. Eva Ross; Illinois delegation – Mrs. Ida Wells Barnett; Michigan – Mrs. McCoy, of Detroit, who carried the banner; Howard University, group of twenty-five girls in caps and gowns; home makers – Mrs. Duffield, who carried New York banner, Mrs. M. D. Butler, Mrs. 3818:, to march with the segregated black group at the back of the parade. Some historians claim Paul made the request, though this seems unlikely after the official NAWSA decision. Wells-Barnett eventually rejoined the Illinois delegation as the procession moved down the avenue. In the end, black women marched in several state delegations, including 3452:, writing the majority opinion, stated that while "t may be conceded that a change of citizenship cannot be arbitrarily imposed, that is, imposed without the concurrence of the citizen", but "he law in controversy does not have that feature. It deals with a condition voluntarily entered into, with notice of the consequences." Justice 3329:

during this period and were more influential in setting its direction. They sometimes used daring tactics. Anthony, for example, interrupted the official ceremonies of the 100th anniversary of the U.S. Declaration of Independence to present the NWSA's Declaration of Rights for Women. The AWSA declined any involvement in the action.

3350:, daughter of AWSA leaders Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell, was a major influence in bringing the rival suffrage leaders together, proposing a joint meeting in 1887 to discuss a merger. Anthony and Stone favored the idea, but opposition from several NWSA veterans delayed the move. In 1890, the two organizations merged as the 2892:(NEWSA), the first major political organization in the U.S. with women's suffrage as its goal, was formed. The planners for the NEWSA's founding convention worked to attract Republican support and seated leading Republican politicians, including a U.S. senator, on the speaker's platform. Amid increasing confidence that the 2896:, which would in effect enfranchise black men, was assured of passage, Lucy Stone, a future president of the NEWSA, showed her preference for enfranchising both women and African Americans by unexpectedly introducing a resolution calling for the Republican Party to "drop its watchword of 'Manhood Suffrage'" and to support 2547:, said "I doubt whether a more important movement has been launched touching the destiny of the race, than this in regard to the equality of the sexes". The abolitionist movement, however, attracted only about one per cent of the population at that time, and radical abolitionists were only one part of that movement. 2994:, Stone's husband and an AWSA officer, published an open letter to Southern legislatures assuring them that if they allowed both African Americans and women to vote, "the political supremacy of your white race will remain unchanged" and "the black race would gravitate by the law of nature toward the tropics." 4706:

representation of sex in government should match the portion of that specific sex in the population. From 1980 until the present, women have voted in elections in at least the same percentage as have men, and often more. This difference in voting turnout and preferences between men and women is known as the

2702:(1861–1865) interrupted the practice. Suffrage was a preeminent goal of these conventions, no longer the controversial issue it had been at Seneca Falls only two years earlier. At the first national convention Stone gave a speech that included a call to petition state legislatures for the right of suffrage. 4814:

A 2020 study found that "exposure to suffrage during childhood led to large increases in educational attainment for children from disadvantaged backgrounds, especially black people and Southern white people. We also find that suffrage led to higher earnings alongside education gains, although not for

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extended citizenship to those born in the United States, including African-Americans. Rulings by the Supreme Court allowed racial limitations to naturalization of people who were neither black nor white. This meant that Latinos, Asians, and Eastern Europeans, among other groups, were at various times

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Politicians responded to the newly enlarged electorate by emphasizing issues of special interest to women, especially prohibition, child health, public schools, and world peace. Women did respond to these issues, but in terms of general voting they had the same outlook and the same voting behavior as

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By 1916, suffrage for women had become a major national issue, and the NAWSA had become the nation's largest voluntary organization, with two million members. In 1916, the conventions of both the Democratic and Republican parties endorsed women's suffrage, but only on a state-by-state basis, with the

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The leaders of the Southern movement were privileged upper-class belles with a strong position in high society and in church affairs. They tried to use their upscale connections to convince powerful men that suffrage was a good idea to purify society. They also argued that giving white women the vote

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attitudes meant that expansion of the vote to women, which would have included black women, was strongly opposed. Three more Western territories became states by 1912, helping the pro-Amendment numbers, that now required 36 states out of 48. In the end, Tennessee was the critical 36th state to ratify

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The Constitution required 34 states (three-fourths of the 45 states in 1900) to ratify an amendment, and unless the rest of the country was unanimous there had to be support from at least some of the 11 ex-Confederate states for the Amendment to succeed. The South was the most conservative region and

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Apart from runs for national office, many women were elected or appointed to hold certain offices across the country prior to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. Many states constitutions contained language that was gender neutral as to the issue of officeholding. Women took advantage of this by

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that would prohibit the denial of suffrage because of race. The original language of the amendment included a clause banning voting discrimination on the basis of sex, but was later removed. Stanton and Anthony opposed its passage unless it was accompanied by another amendment that would prohibit the

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Although it was not a suffrage organization, the League made it clear that it stood for political equality for women, and it indirectly advanced that cause in several ways. Stanton reminded the public that petitioning was the only political tool available to women at a time when only men were allowed

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and many countries recognized their sacrifices with the vote during or shortly after the war, including the U.S., Britain, Canada (except Quebec), Denmark, Austria, the Netherlands, Germany, Russia, Sweden; and Ireland introduced universal suffrage with independence. France almost did so but stopped

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In January 1917, the NWP stationed pickets at the White House, which had never before been picketed, with banners demanding women's suffrage. Tension escalated in June as a Russian delegation drove up to the White House and NPW members unfurled a banner that read, "We, the women of America, tell you

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served as the NCWV's president throughout its nine-year life. She had been president of the Washington Equal Suffrage Association during the successful suffrage campaign in that state in 1910. Operating as a political pressure group, the NCWV worked for laws of interest to women in the states where

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The move of women into public spaces was expressed in many ways. In the late 1890s, riding bicycles was a newly popular activity that increased women's mobility even as it signaled rejection of traditional teachings about women's weakness and fragility. Susan B. Anthony said bicycles had "done more

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The women who are working for this measure are striking at the principle for which their fathers fought during the Civil War. Woman's suffrage comes from the North and the West and from women who do not believe in state's rights and who wish to see negro women using the ballot. I do not believe the

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The New York State Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage (NYSAOWS) used grass roots mobilization techniques they had learned from watching the suffragists to defeat the 1915 referendum. They were very similar to the suffragists themselves, but used a counter-crusading style warning of the evils that

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Significant barriers had to be overcome, however, before a campaign for women's suffrage could develop significant strength. One barrier was strong opposition to women's involvement in public affairs, a practice that was not fully accepted even among reform activists. Only after fierce debate were

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Although restricting access to the polls because of sex was made unconstitutional in 1920, women did not turn out to the polls in the same numbers as men until 1980. A term commonly used that represents the push for equal representation in government is known as Mirror Representation. The amount of

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After ratification, Alice Paul warned that "women are not yet fully free" and that women "can expect nothing from the politicians...until they stand as a unit in a party of their own", saying that discrimination still exists "on the statute books which will not be removed by the ratification". Paul

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strengthened the suffrage movement. Beginning around 1900, this broad movement began at the grassroots level with such goals as combating corruption in government, eliminating child labor, and protecting workers and consumers. Many of its participants saw women's suffrage as yet another progressive

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Paul argued that because the Democrats would not act to enfranchise women even though they controlled the presidency and both houses of Congress, the suffrage movement should work for the defeat of all Democratic candidates regardless of an individual candidate's position on suffrage. She and Burns

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delegation to the U.S. Congress, his plan was given serious consideration by the Mississippi Constitutional Convention of 1890, whose main purpose was to find legal ways of further curtailing the political power of African Americans. Although the convention adopted other measures instead, the fact

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Middle and upper class anti-suffrage women were conservatives with several motivations. Society women in particular had personal access to powerful politicians, and were reluctant to surrender that advantage. Most often the antis believed that politics was dirty and that women's involvement would

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typically opposed prohibition and woman suffrage; they favored paternalistic families with the husband deciding the family position on public affairs. Their opposition to women's suffrage was subsequently used as an argument in favor of suffrage when German Americans became pariahs during World War

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The AWSA aimed for close ties with the Republican Party, hoping that the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment would lead to a Republican push for women's suffrage. The NWSA, while determined to be politically independent, was critical of the Republicans. Anthony and Stanton wrote a letter to the

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After women gained the right to vote, the presence of women in Congress has gradually increased since 1920, with an especially steady increase from 1981. Today, women increasingly pursue politics as a career. At the state and national level, women have brought attention to gender-sensitive topics,

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In November 1917, a referendum to enfranchise women in New York – at that time the most populous state in the country – passed by a substantial margin. In September 1918, President Wilson spoke before the Senate, calling for approval of the suffrage amendment as a war measure, saying "We have made

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Activists campaigned for suffrage in ways that were still considered by many to be "unladylike," such as marching in parades and giving street corner speeches on soap boxes. In New York in 1912, suffragists organized a twelve-day, 170-mile "Hike to Albany" to deliver suffrage petitions to the new

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Anti-suffrage forces, initially called the "remonstrants", organized as early as 1870 when the Woman's Anti-Suffrage Association of Washington was formed. Widely known as the "antis", they eventually created organizations in some twenty states. In 1911, the National Association Opposed to Women's

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after first supporting suffrage reversed itself and issued stern warnings. A 1912 editorial predicted that with suffrage women would make impossible demands, such as, "serving as soldiers and sailors, police patrolmen or firemen...and would serve on juries and elect themselves to executive offices

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Defeat could lead to allegations of fraud. After the defeat of the referendum for women's suffrage in Michigan in 1912, the governor accused the brewers of complicity in widespread electoral fraud that resulted in its defeat. Evidence of vote stealing was also strong during referendums in Nebraska

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In 1871, the NWSA officially adopted the New Departure strategy, encouraging women to attempt to vote and to file lawsuits if denied that right. Soon hundreds of women tried to vote in dozens of localities. In some cases, actions like these preceded the New Departure strategy: in 1868 in Vineland,

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Events soon removed much of the basis for the split in the movement. In 1870 debate about the Fifteenth Amendment was made irrelevant when that amendment was officially ratified. In 1872, disgust with corruption in government led to a mass defection of abolitionists and other social reformers from

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all men while excluding all women, the amendment would create an "aristocracy of sex" by giving constitutional authority to the idea that men were superior to women. Male power and privilege was at the root of society's ills, Stanton argued, and nothing should be done to strengthen it. Anthony and

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met in 1851 and soon became close friends and co-workers. Their decades-long collaboration was pivotal for the suffrage movement and contributed significantly to the broader struggle for women's rights, which Stanton called "the greatest revolution the world has ever known or ever will know." They

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The women's rights movement was loosely structured during this period, with few state organizations and no national organization other than a coordinating committee that arranged the annual national conventions. Much of the organizational work for these conventions was performed by Stone, the most

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Teachers' Association filed a lawsuit challenging the applicability of the 19th amendment to Virgin Islanders. In November 1935, the court ruled that the Danish Colonial Law was unconstitutional as it conflicted with the 19th Amendment and that it had not been the intent to limit the franchise to

4053:

in 1868. It focused primarily on women's rights, especially suffrage, but it also covered politics, the labor movement, and other topics. Its energetic and broad-ranging style gave it a lasting influence, but its debts mounted when it did not receive the funding they had expected, and they had to

2979:

Both wings of the movement were strongly associated with opposition to slavery, but their leaders sometimes expressed views that reflected the racial attitudes of that era. Stanton, for example, believed that a long process of education would be needed before what she called the "lower orders" of

2738:

Several of the women who played leading roles in the national conventions, especially Stone, Anthony and Stanton, were also leaders in establishing women's suffrage organizations after the Civil War. They also included the demand for suffrage as part of their activities during the 1850s. In 1852,

6940:

The first national convention was organized primarily by Davis. The next several conventions were organized primarily by Stone. After the birth of her daughter in 1857, Stone withdrew from most public activity for several years. Anthony shared responsibilities for the 1858 and 1859 conventions.

4657:

ruled that the electoral law was not discriminatory because Puerto Ricans were not allowed to vote for federal electors, and that the territory, like U.S. states, retained the right to define who was eligible to vote. Another failed bill, in 1927, led Benet and women involved in the Pan-American

4412:

To get the word male in effect out of the Constitution cost the women of the country fifty-two years of pauseless campaign...During that time they were forced to conduct fifty-six campaigns of referenda to male voters; 480 campaigns to get Legislatures to submit suffrage amendments to voters; 47

4394:

ratified the amendment, their legislatures being then in session. Other states followed suit at a regular pace, until the amendment had been ratified by 35 of the necessary 36 state legislatures. After Washington on March 22, 1920, ratification languished for months. Finally, on August 18, 1920,

4364:

held off until he was sure the Democratic Party was supportive; the 1917 referendum in New York State in favor of suffrage proved decisive for him. When another bill was brought before the House in January 1918, Wilson made a strong and widely published appeal to the House to pass the bill. Behn

3362:

Although Anthony was the leading force in the newly merged organization, it did not always follow her lead. In 1893, the NAWSA voted over Anthony's objection to alternate the site of its annual conventions between Washington and various other parts of the country. Anthony's pre-merger NWSA had

3343:

Over time, the NWSA moved into closer alignment with the AWSA, placing less emphasis on confrontational actions and more on respectability, and no longer promoting a wide range of reforms. The NWSA's hopes for a federal suffrage amendment were frustrated when the Senate voted against it in 1887,

3328:

The AWSA, which was especially strong in New England, was initially the larger of the two rival suffrage organizations, but it declined in strength during the 1880s. Stanton and Anthony, the leading figures in the competing NWSA, were more widely known as leaders of the women's suffrage movement

3013:

The two organizations had other differences as well. Although each campaigned for suffrage at both the state and national levels, the NWSA tended to work more at the national level and the AWSA more at the state level. The NWSA initially worked on a wider range of issues than the AWSA, including

4307:

The war served as a catalyst for suffrage extension in several countries, with women gaining the vote after years of campaigning partly in recognition of their support for the war effort, which further increased the pressure for suffrage in the U.S. About half of the women in Britain had become

4250:

in April 1917, had a significant impact on the suffrage movement. To replace men who had gone into the military, women moved into workplaces that did not traditionally hire women, such as steel mills and oil refineries. The NAWSA cooperated with the war effort, with Catt and Shaw serving on the

4232:

that America is not a democracy. Twenty million American women are denied the right to vote. President Wilson is the chief opponent of their national enfranchisement". In August, another banner referred to "Kaiser Wilson" and compared the plight of the German people with that of American women.

4016:

customs of their states and spoke openly about how the enfranchisement of white women would enhance the socio-economic and political work inherent to white supremacy. To clarify how their political ideology fit within the increasingly rigid status quo of segregation, they published a newspaper,

2871:

After the Kansas campaign, the AERA increasingly divided into two wings, both advocating universal suffrage but with different approaches. One wing, whose leading figure was Lucy Stone, was willing for black men to achieve suffrage first, if necessary, and wanted to maintain close ties with the

2608:

wing of the abolitionist movement, which believed that activists should avoid political activity and focus instead on convincing others of their views with "moral suasion". Many were Quakers whose traditions barred both men and women from participation in secular political activity. A series of

4369:

The National American Woman Suffrage Association, not the National Woman's Party, was decisive in Wilson's conversion to the cause of the federal amendment because its approach mirrored his own conservative vision of the appropriate method of reform: win a broad consensus, develop a legitimate

3543:

We believe in every possible advancement to women. We believe that this advancement should be along those legitimate lines of work and endeavor for which she is best fitted and for which she has now unlimited opportunities. We believe this advancement will be better achieved through strictly

3501:

in New York City, opposed it because they feared that the addition of female voters would dilute the control they had established over groups of male voters. By the time of the New York State referendum on women's suffrage in 1917, however, some wives and daughters of Tammany Hall leaders were

3421:

Although its membership and finances were at all-time highs, the NAWSA decided to replace Shaw by bringing Catt back once again as president in 1915. Authorized by the NAWSA to name her own executive board, which previously had been elected by the organization's annual convention, Catt quickly

3402:

movement, which was taking up some of the slack left by the decline of the temperance movement. Local women's clubs at first were mostly reading groups focused on literature, but they increasingly evolved into civic improvement organizations of middle-class women meeting in each other's homes

3394:

was appointed head of the NAWSA's Organization Committee in 1895, it was unclear how many local chapters the organization had or who their officers were. Catt began revitalizing the organization, establishing a plan of work with clear goals for every state every year. Anthony was impressed and

4374:

The Amendment passed by two-thirds of the House, with only one vote to spare. The vote was then carried into the Senate. Again President Wilson made an appeal, but on September 30, 1918, the amendment fell two votes short of the two-thirds necessary for passage, 53–31 (Republicans 27–10 for,

3982:

to act on this approach. Strongly disagreeing, the NAWSA in 1913 withdrew support from Paul's group and continued its practice of supporting any candidate who supported suffrage, regardless of political party. In 1916 Blatch merged her Women's Political Union into Paul's Congressional Union.

3622:

points out that, "Suffrage rhetoric claimed that enfranchised women would outlaw child labor, pass minimum-wage and maximum-hours laws for women workers, and establish health and safety standards for factory workers." The threat of these reforms united planters, textile mill owners, railroad

2411:

The very truths you are now contending for, will, in fifty years, be so completely imbedded in public opinion that no one need say one word in their defense; whilst at the same time new forms of truth will arise to test the faithfulness of the pioneer minds of that age, and so on eternally.

3854:

emerged in the late nineteenth century to characterize the increasingly independent activity of women, especially the younger generation. According to one scholar, "The New Woman became associated with the rise of feminism and the campaign for women's suffrage, as well as with the rise of

3523:

Suffrage was created. It claimed 350,000 members and opposed women's suffrage, feminism, and socialism. It argued that woman suffrage "would reduce the special protections and routes of influence available to women, destroy the family, and increase the number of socialist-leaning voters."

2747:

visible leader of the movement during this period. At the national convention in 1852, a proposal was made to form a national women's rights organization, but the idea was dropped after fears were voiced that such a move would create cumbersome machinery and lead to internal divisions.

2735:, a prominent abolitionist and women's rights advocate, delivered a speech at the second national convention in 1851 called "Shall Women Have the Right to Vote?" Describing women's suffrage as the cornerstone of the women's movement, it was later circulated as a women's rights tract. 3723: 3418:, another Anthony protégée, was elected president of the NAWSA. Shaw was an energetic worker and a talented orator but not an effective administrator. Between 1910 and 1916, the NAWSA's national board experienced a constant turmoil that endangered the existence of the organization. 3145:. Originally envisioned as a modest publication that would be produced quickly, the history evolved into a six-volume work of more than 5700 pages written over a period of 41 years. Its last two volumes were published in 1920, long after the deaths of the project's originators, by 4670:

men. To test the law, Williams attempted to register to vote and encouraged other teachers to do so, but their applications were refused. Williams, Eulalie Stevens and Anna M. Vessup, all literate, property owners, petitioned the court to open elections to qualified women. Judge

3363:

always held its conventions in Washington to help maintain focus on a national suffrage amendment. Arguing against this decision, she said she feared, accurately as it turned out, that the NAWSA would engage in suffrage work at the state level at the expense of national work.

3934:

The National Council of Women Voters (NCWV) was founded in 1911 to represent women in states where women's suffrage had been achieved. Initially those states were Wyoming, Colorado, Idaho, Utah and Washington. Some other states, including California, followed soon after.

3077:, president of the AWSA, and Elizabeth Tilton, wife of a leading NWSA member. Beecher's subsequent trial was reported in newspapers across the country, resulting in what one scholar has called "political theater" that badly damaged the reputation of the suffrage movement. 3303:, its pro-suffrage leader, urged WCTU members to pursue the right to vote as a means of protecting their families from alcohol and other vices. In 1886 the WCTU submitted to Congress petitions with 200,000 signatures in support of a national suffrage amendment. In 1885, 2502:, a leader of the suffrage movement, later said, "No advanced step taken by women has been so bitterly contested as that of speaking in public. For nothing which they have attempted, not even to secure the suffrage, have they been so abused, condemned and antagonized." 2338:

constitution of 1776 enfranchised all adult inhabitants who owned a specified amount of property. Laws enacted in 1790 and 1797 referred to voters as "he or she", and women regularly voted. A law passed in 1807, however, excluded women from voting in that state.

3762:. These letters were follow-up discussions to the one begun by Paul and initiated by Elise Hill when Hill went down to Howard University at the request of Paul to recruit the Howard women. The Howard University group included "Artist, one – Mrs. 3737:

throughout the country, and within organizations such as the NAWSA, black people had formed their own activist groups to fight for their equal rights. Many were college educated and resented their exclusion from political power. The fiftieth anniversary of the

3867: 3667:, a former slave, not to attend the NAWSA convention in Atlanta in 1895, the first to be held in a Southern city. Black NAWSA members were excluded from 1903 convention in the Southern city of New Orleans, which marked the peak of this strategy's influence. 2904:

and others, Stone convinced the meeting to approve the resolution. Two months later, however, when the Fifteenth Amendment was in danger of becoming stalled in Congress, Stone backed away from that position and declared that "Woman must wait for the Negro."

4624:

were their possession. Similarly, as Puerto Ricans were confirmed to be U. S. citizens in 1917, it was assumed that suffrage had been extended there as well with the passage of the 19th Amendment. Upon questioning its applicability in Puerto Rico, Governor

11286:

Prior to the passage of the federal acts in the 1960s, the legislative variations permissible historically with respect to women's rights under the American federal system initially led to extremely different rights for women depending upon their state of

3659:, who convinced the NAWSA to launch a state-by-state campaign in the South based on Blackwell's strategy. Clay was one of several Southern NAWSA members who opposed the idea of a national women's suffrage amendment on the grounds that it would impinge on 4520:

which would pass Congress during the second wave of the women's movement in 1972 (but it was not ratified and never took effect). The main surge of women voting came in 1928, when the big-city machines realized they needed the support of women to elect

3864: 3502:

working for suffrage, leading it to take a neutral position that was crucial to the referendum's passage. Although the Catholic Church did not take an official position on suffrage, very few of its leaders supported it, and some of its leaders, such as

2868:, a wealthy businessman who supported women's rights. Train antagonized many activists by attacking the Republican Party, which had won the loyalty of many reform activists, and openly disparaging the integrity and intelligence of African Americans. 3952:

Work toward a national suffrage amendment had been sharply curtailed in favor of state suffrage campaigns after the two rival suffrage organizations merged in 1890 to form the NAWSA. Interest in a national suffrage amendment was revived primarily by

2182:

when they were turned away. Anthony actually succeeded in voting in 1872 but was arrested for that act and found guilty in a widely publicized trial that gave the movement fresh momentum. After the Supreme Court ruled against them in the 1875 case

3590:

was tightly controlled by the Democratic Party, so playing the two parties against each other was not a feasible strategy. Third, strong support for states' rights meant there was automatic opposition to a federal constitutional amendment. Fourth,

3395:

arranged for Catt to succeed her when she retired from the presidency of the NAWSA in 1900. In her new post, Catt continued her effort to transform the unwieldy organization into one that would be better prepared to lead a major suffrage campaign.

2670:, which featured many of the same speakers and likewise voted to support women's suffrage. It was the first women's rights convention to be chaired by a woman, a step that was considered to be radical at the time. That meeting was followed by the 3086:

that "the Constitution of the United States does not confer the right of suffrage upon anyone". The NWSA decided to pursue the far more difficult strategy of campaigning for a constitutional amendment that would guarantee voting rights for women.

3376:

to relegate women to an inferior status. The NAWSA voted to disavow any connection with the book despite Anthony's objection that such a move was unnecessary and hurtful. Stanton afterwards grew increasingly alienated from the suffrage movement.

3252:

running for office as a way to make headway in gaining the right to vote. Much of women's fight to gain officeholding rights and voting rights took place separately and were understood to be completely different rights by much of the population.

12911: 4652:

sued the electoral board for refusing to allow her to register. Her case argued that as a U.S. citizen, she should be allowed to vote in accordance with the U.S. Constitution, because territorial law was not allowed to contravene U.S. law. The

4303:

out of a total of 531. Political leaders who became convinced of the inevitability of women's suffrage began to pressure local and national legislators to support it so that their respective party could claim credit for it in future elections.

3961:

after going on a hunger strike. In January 1913, she arrived in Washington as chair of the Congressional Committee of the NAWSA, charged with reviving the drive for a constitutional amendment that would enfranchise women. She and her coworker

2497:

in 1852 was also disrupted, and mob action at the 1853 convention came close to violence. The World's Temperance Convention in New York City in 1853 bogged down for three days in a dispute about whether women would be allowed to speak there.

2595:

was suggested as the party's vice-presidential candidate – the first time that a woman had been proposed for federal executive office in the U.S. – and she received five votes from delegates at that convention.

3354:(NAWSA). Stanton was president of the new organization, and Stone was chair of its executive committee, but Anthony, who had the title of vice president, was its leader in practice, becoming president herself in 1892 when Stanton retired. 2193:

women. Much of the movement's energy, however, went toward working for suffrage on a state-by-state basis. These efforts included pursuing officeholding rights separately in an effort to bolster their argument in favor of voting rights.

2481:

launched her career as a public speaker, soon becoming the most famous female lecturer. Supporting both the abolitionist and women's rights movements, Stone played a major role in reducing the prejudice against women speaking in public.

3940:

women could vote. As suffrage was achieved in additional states, the NCWV was increasingly able to use its political power to promote passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. After its passage, the NCWV and the NAWSA combined to form the

4743:

In 2019, 25 out of 100 senators were women, and 102 out of 435 representatives were women. This resembles the global average; around the world, in 2018, just under a quarter of national-level parliament representatives were women.

3292:, states with large suffrage movements and competitive political environments were more likely to extend voting rights to women; this is one reason why Western states were quicker to adopt women's suffrage than states in the East. 2519:

on which the American legal system is modeled, "By marriage, the husband and wife are one person in law: that is, the very being or legal existence of the woman is suspended during the marriage", referring to the legal doctrine of

3866: 13272: 14690: 3184:

During the 20th century, the U.S. Post Office, under the auspices of the U.S. Government, had issued commemorative postage stamps celebrating notable women who fought for women suffrage and other rights for women. From left to

3514:

and judgeships." It blamed a lack of masculinity for the failure of men to fight back, warning women would get the vote "if the men are not firm and wise enough and, it may as well be said, masculine enough to prevent them.".

3236:

Calling attention to the irony of being legally entitled to run for office while denied the right to vote, Elizabeth Cady Stanton declared herself a candidate for the U.S. Congress in 1866, the first woman to do so. In 1872,

4927:. "Outing" historic feminists is not the aim of "queering the suffrage movement," but identifying a broad range of gender identities within the suffrage movement attests to the diversity of those contributing to the cause. 3276:. Because Utah held two elections before Wyoming, Utah became the first place in the nation where women legally cast ballots after the launch of the suffrage movement. In 1887, Kansas women could vote in city elections and 2570:

minister and radical abolitionist, vigorously supported women's suffrage in a sermon that was later circulated as the first in a series of women's rights tracts. In 1846, the Liberty League, an offshoot of the abolitionist

3893:

attended the NAWSA convention in 1900, she found herself to be virtually the only young person there. After returning to Boston, she formed the College Equal Suffrage League with the assistance of fellow Radcliffe alumnae

13262: 2346:(legally, the head of household) over 21 who resided in and owned property subject to taxation for the new county's "common school" system. This partial suffrage rights for women were not expressed as for whites only. 3464:

On November 5, 1895, Massachusetts held a referendum on allowing women to vote in municipal elections. The referendum failed 36.76 to 63.24. Women were allowed to vote on the measure, however, only 4% of them did so.

2972:

Stanton also warned that black men, who would gain voting power under the amendment, were overwhelmingly opposed to women's suffrage. They were not alone in being unsure of black male support for women's suffrage.

4353:

short. Despite their eventual success, groups like the National Woman's Party that continued militant protests during wartime were criticized by other suffrage groups and the public, who viewed it as unpatriotic.

4370:

rationale, and make the issue politically valuable. Additionally, I contend that Wilson did have a significant role to play in the successful congressional passage and national ratification of the 19th Amendment.

4835:(1889–1959); they also challenged gender norms privately in bi- or homosexual relationships, e.g., African-American activist, writer and organizer for the Congressional Union (later the National Woman's Party), 6693:

Wellman (2004), pp. 151–152. May condemned as "all unequal, all unrighteous – this utter annihilation, politically considered, of more than one half of the whole community." See Samuel J. May,

3314:

A proposed 16th amendment, giving the vote to women, was introduced in 1869 and defeated by the Senate in 1887. Between 1870 and 1890, women's suffrage amendments were defeated by referendum in eight states.

3643:, an officer of the AWSA before the merger and a prominent figure in the movement afterwards, urged the suffrage movement to follow a strategy of convincing southern political leaders that they could ensure 2776:, the first national women's political organization in the U.S. It collected nearly 400,000 signatures on petitions to abolish slavery in the largest petition drive in the nation's history up to that time. 2771:

Over Anthony's objections, leaders of the movement agreed to suspend women's rights activities during the Civil War in order to focus on the abolition of slavery. In 1863, Anthony and Stanton organized the

3468:

Brewers and distillers, typically rooted in the German-American community, opposed women's suffrage, fearing – not without justification – that women voters would favor the

4540:. As women were not citizens in their own right and married women were required to assume the citizenship and residency requirements of their spouses, many women upon marriage had no voting rights. The 2132:, the first women's rights convention, passed a resolution in favor of women's suffrage despite opposition from some of its organizers, who believed the idea was too extreme. By the time of the first 2719:. Heralding the women's movement in the U.S., Taylor's essay helped to initiate a similar movement in Britain. Her essay was reprinted as a women's rights tract in the U.S. and was sold for decades. 13247: 7804: 11294: 15382: 13252: 13139: 4620:

were unincorporated territories of the United States. Suffragists believed that women in the Virgin Islands had been enfranchised when the Danish extended suffrage in 1915, as at that time the

3586:

identifies four distinctly Southern characteristics that contributed to the South's reticence. First, Southern white men held to traditional values regarding women's public roles. Second, the

13214: 13119: 13079: 4439:

ratified the Nineteenth Amendment, followed by Alabama in 1953. After another 16 years, Florida and South Carolina passed the necessary votes to ratify in 1969, followed two years later by

3826:. Some joined in with their co-workers in the professional groups. There were also black men driving many of the floats. The spectators did not treat the black participants any differently. 16102: 3042:, which engaged the suffrage movement for several years. Arguing that the U.S. Constitution implicitly enfranchised women, this strategy relied heavily on Section 1 of the recently adopted 14549: 13494: 13267: 13094: 13009: 11880:[There Is a Huge Gap from Saying There Are Rights or the Right to Have Rights: Decisions of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico Regarding the Rights of Women and LGBTTI Communities] 242: 14554: 11932:

The Social and Journalistic Contributions of Women in Puerto Rico: From the Arrival of the Printing Press in the First Years of the 19th Century until the First Third of the 20th Century

16594: 14724: 13209: 10562: 13933: 13184: 13064: 12954: 7842: 3062:, nearly 200 women placed their ballots into a separate box and attempted to have them counted, but without success. The AWSA did not officially adopt the New Departure strategy, but 154: 2342:

Kentucky passed the first statewide woman suffrage law in the antebellum era (since New Jersey revoked their woman suffrage rights in 1807) in 1838 – allowing voting by any widow or

14956: 13154: 13134: 13109: 13084: 13074: 13059: 4689:

was acquired by the United States at the same time as Puerto Rico, the 19th Amendment was not extended by the US Congress to Guamanians until 1968. Congress also extended it to the

3804:

While in Paul's memory, a compromise was reached to order the parade with Southern women, then the men's section, and finally the Negro women's section, reports in the NAACP paper,

2941:(AWSA). The hostile rivalry between these two organizations created a partisan atmosphere that endured for decades, affecting even professional historians of the women's movement. 11878:"Del dicho al derecho hay un gran trecho o el derecho a tener derechos: decisiones del tribunal supremo de Puerto Rico ante los derechos de las mujeres y de las comunidades LGBTTI" 14357: 13199: 13044: 9817: 3647:

in their region without violating the Fifteenth Amendment by enfranchising educated women, who would predominantly be white. Shortly after Blackwell presented his proposal to the

13688: 13054: 16467: 13693: 13673: 13663: 13424: 13034: 11927:

Las aportaciones sociales y periodísticas de las mujeres en Puerto Rico: desde la llegada de la imprenta en los primeros años del siglo XIX hasta el primer tercio del siglo XX

4532:

Passage of the Nineteenth Amendment did not in actual practice provide suffrage to all women in the United States. Women's rights to a public identity were restricted by the

2813:

In addition to Anthony and Stanton, who organized the convention, the leadership of the new organization included such prominent abolitionist and women's rights activists as

14946: 13683: 13678: 13668: 13658: 13257: 4986: 4832: 4573: 3865: 3707:

rights and suffrage for women by prioritizing voting rights for black men over universal suffrage for all men and women. In 1903, the NAWSA officially adopted a platform of

6191: 4763:

Immediately following the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, many legislators feared a powerful women's bloc would emerge as a result of female enfranchisement. The

2298:, adopted constitutions that expressly denied women the right to vote. The basis for this practice was rooted in traditional societal views and legal doctrines. During the 14519: 14319: 13723: 13718: 13713: 13708: 13703: 7991: 4946: 4263:

partners of the women in this war; shall we admit them only to a partnership of suffering and sacrifice and toil and not to a partnership of privilege and right?" In the

16184: 13698: 21738: 4431:

Three other states, Connecticut, Vermont and Delaware, passed the amendment by 1923. They were eventually followed by others in the south. Nearly twenty years later,

16189: 4976: 19403: 18582: 16284: 15624: 15494: 14663: 14603: 13621: 4637:. In 1921, the U.S. Supreme Court clarified that constitutional rights did not extend to residents in the two territories as they were defined in Puerto Rico by the 237: 4799:

political philosophies than men. The paper concluded that women's voting appeared to be more risk-averse than men and favored candidates or policies that supported

3957:. In 1910, she returned to the U.S. from England, where she had been part of the militant wing of the suffrage movement. Paul had been jailed there and had endured 3778:, Miss Charlotte Steward, Miss Harriet Shadd, Miss Bertha McNiel ; teacher, one – Miss Caddie Park; musician, one – 14697: 14608: 14598: 13625: 13617: 3304: 10926: 7235:. Greeley was referring to the 1867 AERA campaign in New York State for women's suffrage and the removal of discriminatory property requirements for black voters. 2536:

in several states, supported in some cases by wealthy fathers who did not want their daughters' inheritance to fall under the complete control of their husbands.

20400: 16874: 15754: 14588: 14039: 13554: 8132: 5240: 5023: 2167:(WCTU), which was the largest women's organization at that time, was established in 1873 and also pursued women's suffrage, giving a huge boost to the movement. 169: 7994:", approved February 12, 1870. Acts, Resolutions and Memorials of the Territory of Utah, Passed at the Nineteenth Annual Session of the Legislature, 1870, p. 8. 6822: 4375:

Democrats 26–21 for). On February 10, 1919, it was again voted upon, and then it was lost by only one vote, 54–30 (Republicans 30–12 for, Democrats 24–18 for).

21728: 21354: 21180: 21130: 20773: 20459: 19265: 19084: 17633: 16361: 16129: 15963: 15619: 14593: 14566: 13962: 13910: 13613: 12947: 7743:

This article also points out that Supreme Court rulings did not establish the connection between citizenship and voting rights until the mid-twentieth century.

6737:. Wellman says they spurred each other to develop ideas of inclusive politics and to publicly advocate voting rights for women, which Smith did before Stanton. 4996: 4824: 4545: 4400: 4317: 4198: 3696: 3493:

Some other businesses, such as Southern cotton mills, opposed suffrage because they feared that women voters would support the drive to eliminate child labor.

3445: 3366:

Stanton, elderly but still very much a radical, did not fit comfortably into the new organization, which was becoming more conservative. In 1895 she published

3162: 3122: 3043: 3003: 2114: 11877: 3173:

on most issues, Sargent was a consistent supporter of women's rights who spoke at suffrage conventions and promoted suffrage through the legislative process.

20642: 19706: 16650: 16217: 16107: 14583: 14464: 13609: 9523: 3700: 3241:

formed her own party and declared herself to be its candidate for President of the U.S. even though she was ineligible because she was not yet 35 years old.

3166: 2955: 2893: 2533: 4243:

them. The negative publicity created by this harsh practice increased the pressure on the administration, which capitulated and released all the prisoners.

17706: 15985: 14982: 14350: 13928: 12750: 5033: 4864: 4472:

charged that the amendment passed only because "it at last became more expedient for those in control of the Government to aid suffrage than to oppose it".

3615:

state of Georgia has sunk so low that her good men can not legislate for women. If this time ever comes then it will be time for women to claim the ballot.

3532: 2273: 159: 3898:

and affiliated it with the NAWSA. Largely through Park's efforts, similar groups were organized on campuses in 30 states, leading to the formation of the

2806:, was held in 1866, helping the women's rights movement regain the momentum it had lost during the war. The convention voted to transform itself into the 19429: 19419: 17794: 17628: 16022: 14911: 14702: 13491: 9058: 5887: 3527:

surrender the moral high ground that women had claimed, and that partisanship would disrupt local club work for civic betterment, as represented by the

3277: 20647: 20626: 20302: 19225: 19072: 16562: 16420: 15007: 14324: 13945: 13603: 5038: 4981: 4549:

barred from becoming citizens. Exclusions based on race also applied to Native American women living on reservations, until the passage in 1924 of the

4223: 2280: 276: 21723: 20685: 3288:

and Idaho in 1896. In some localities, women gained various forms of partial suffrage, such as voting for school boards. According to a 2018 study in

20143: 16124: 15911: 14561: 14469: 12940: 10233: 10217:

Payne, Elizabeth Anne; Swain, Martha H. (2003), "The twentieth century", in Payne, Elizabeth Anne; Swain, Martha H.; Spruill, Majorie Julian (eds.),

3299:(WCTU), the largest women's organization in the country, decided to campaign for suffrage and created a Franchise Department to support that effort. 15002: 10548: 4299:) lost re-election campaigns due to their opposition to suffrage. By the end of 1919, women effectively could vote for president in states with 326 20504: 19625: 19250: 19199: 16616: 16589: 15906: 15036: 14769: 14512: 14479: 13588: 1594: 12116: 2109:, or the right of women to vote, was established in the United States over the course of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, first in various 19260: 19078: 18973: 18511: 16964: 16924: 15260: 14343: 14314: 9167: 5692: 5658: 5641: 5585: 4085:, it had a much longer life. By the 1880s it had become an unofficial voice of the suffrage movement as a whole. In 1916 the NAWSA purchased the 4054:

transfer the paper to other hands after only twenty-nine months. Their organization, the NWSA, afterwards depended on other periodicals, such as

3876:

governor. In 1913 the suffragist "Army of the Hudson" marched 250 miles from New York to Washington in sixteen days, gaining national publicity.

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Laws that sharply restricted the independent activity of married women also created barriers to the campaign for women's suffrage. According to

21733: 19395: 17974: 16772: 15690: 15177: 14972: 14901: 14835: 14435: 13822: 13583: 6352: 4828: 3607: 2667: 1425: 7548:. That did not happen; the high point of Republican support was a non-committal reference to women's suffrage in the 1872 Republican platform. 21743: 19382: 17581: 16986: 16222: 15429: 14977: 14544: 11043: 5546: 5529: 5152: 4936: 4872: 3285: 3260: 3007: 2830: 973: 12829: 7832: 6941:

Stanton was the primary organizer of the 1860 convention. For details, see Million (2003), pp. 105–106, 116, 174, 239, 250–252, 260, 263–269

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in 1893, the first country to do so on a nationwide basis. In the U.S., women gained the franchise in the states of Washington in 1910; in

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Teele, Dawn Langan (March 2, 2018). "How the West Was Won: Competition, Mobilization, and Women's Enfranchisement in the United States".

5781: 5453: 5288: 5235: 5203: 5172: 5135: 3790:." One trained nurse, whose name could not be ascertained, marched, and an old mammy was brought down by the Delaware delegation. 3169:

except that it prohibits the denial of suffrage because of sex rather than "race, color, or previous condition of servitude". Although a

2671: 9825: 8504: 8441: 3754: – the nation's oldest black sorority – asked for a place in the college women's section for the women of 3161:, a friend of Susan B. Anthony, introduced into Congress a women's suffrage amendment. More than forty years later it would become the 21397: 20778: 20222: 19752: 19698: 19662: 19235: 18624: 17554: 17069: 17064: 17054: 16427: 16156: 15404: 14936: 14119: 13975: 13967: 9985: 5796: 5473: 5220: 5118: 5081: 2093: 12898: 12867:

Women's suffrage in the United States from 1908–1918: Select "Suffrage" subject, at the Persuasive Cartography, The PJ Mode Collection

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always gave the least support for suffrage. There was little or no suffrage activity in the region until the late nineteenth century.

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nor any other part of the Constitution gave Congress the power to "denationalize a citizen without his concurrence". However, Justice

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Women's suffrage was not a major topic within the women's rights movement at that point. Many of its activists were aligned with the

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goal, and they believed that the addition of women to the electorate would help their movement achieve its other goals. In 1912, the

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to emancipate women than anything else in the world". Elizabeth Cady Stanton said that "Woman is riding to suffrage on the bicycle.

259: 254: 6860:, pp. 15, 84. National Park Service, Women's Rights National Historical Park. Wellman is identified as the author of this document 19667: 19579: 19565: 19424: 19375: 19328: 19323: 19270: 19220: 19165: 18668: 18345: 17770: 17566: 17059: 16547: 16487: 16047: 15702: 15594: 14658: 13879: 5814: 5720: 5402: 5372: 4467: 4379: 4333: 3436:

provided for loss of citizenship by American women who married aliens. The Supreme Court of the United States first considered the

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of Kentucky formed the Southern States Woman Suffrage Conference (SSWSC). The suffragists of the SSWSC chose to work within the

3311:, a large labor alliance, endorsed women's suffrage and subsequently collected 270,000 names on petitions supporting that goal. 21253: 20995: 20878: 20742: 19318: 19157: 19142: 19067: 19050: 17777: 17486: 17169: 17074: 16904: 16852: 16813: 16380: 16375: 16229: 16166: 16119: 16097: 16062: 15717: 15573: 14840: 14457: 14440: 13796: 6695: 5188: 4357: 3528: 3404: 2889: 2556: 1403: 86: 13867: 4693:

in 1976 under the Marianas Covenant. Though the US Congress has not verified the applicability of the Nineteenth Amendment to

3410:

Catt resigned her position after four years, partly because of her husband's declining health and partly to help organize the

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As the US Constitution grants states the ability to determine who is eligible to vote in elections, until the passage of the

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but was defeated by a vote of 204 to 174, (Democrats 170–85 against, Republicans 81–34 for, Progressives 6–0 for). President

4236: 3296: 2799: 2683: 2494: 2164: 2133: 2042: 1888: 1090: 81: 19089: 9934:"On passage of H. J. Res. 1, proposing to the state legislatures a woman's suffrage amendment to the constitution. (P.1483)" 9867:

Susan Zeiger, "She didn't raise her boy to be a slacker: Motherhood, conscription, and the culture of the First World War."

6431:

Early activists tended to refer to "woman suffrage," but historians usually call it "women's suffrage." See Gordon (1997),

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There was considerable anxiety among politicians of both parties to have the amendment passed and made effective before the

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spoke against slavery before the Massachusetts legislature, the first woman in the U.S. to speak before a legislative body.

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Palm, Trineke (March 2013). "Embedded in social cleavages: an explanation of the variation in timing of women's suffrage".

9391: 9084: 5427: 5293: 4966: 3114: 2485:

Opposition remained strong, however. A regional women's rights convention in Ohio in 1851 was disrupted by male opponents.

2370: 2011: 1941: 1251: 224: 9003:"Suffragists Oral History Project Conversations with Alice Paul: Woman Suffrage and the Equal Rights Amendment Alice Paul" 8212:

Gordon, Ann D, "Woman Suffrage (Not Universal Suffrage) by Federal Amendment" in Wheeler, Marjorie Spruill (ed.), (1995),

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movement, but by the dawn of the twentieth century, Anthony's goal of universal suffrage was eclipsed by a near-universal

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in May 1848 approved a resolution calling for "universal suffrage in its broadest sense, including women as well as men."

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The male Madonna and the feminine Uncle Sam: Visual argument, icons, and ideographs in 1909 anti-woman suffrage postcards

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Searching for Equality: Sex Discrimination, Parental Leave, and the Swedish Model with Comparisons to EU, UK, and US Law

5888:"Essential Elements for Turning a Cause into a Movement : Lessons from the Suffrage Struggle for Today's Activists" 4220:

to dispense the funds, most of which supported the activities of the NAWSA at a crucial time for the suffrage movement.

2833:, who wanted women to postpone their campaign for suffrage until it had first been achieved for male African Americans. 22:

Women's suffragists parade in New York City in 1917, carrying placards with the signatures of more than a million women.

20318: 20164: 19651: 19414: 19275: 19207: 19147: 18941: 18444: 18434: 18350: 17718: 17659: 17544: 17539: 17476: 17238: 17199: 17159: 17006: 16959: 16939: 16552: 16179: 16174: 16079: 16027: 15556: 15311: 15170: 14774: 14528: 14389: 13940: 13593: 13563: 13509: 13486: 13305: 12194: 11925: 11523: 7911: 7071: 7026: 5245: 4454:

Mississippi did not ratify the Nineteenth Amendment until 1984, sixty four years after the law was enacted nationally.

4114: 3918:

The dramatic tactics of the militant wing of the British suffrage movement began to influence the movement in the U.S.

3026:. The rivalry between the two women's groups was so bitter, however, that a merger proved to be impossible until 1890. 1236: 249: 229: 12849:, Items concerning women's rights from Horace Seldon's collection and summary of research of William Lloyd Garrison's 11753: 11429: 8949: 7561:. This letter was signed by Anthony, who was requesting permission to present their views to the convention in person. 6895:. The conventions also discussed a variety of other issues, including dress reform and liberalization of divorce laws. 3577:

that had adopted suffrage are colored white (or dotted and crosses, in case of partial suffrage) and the others black.

2427:

at its convention of 1839, and the organization split at its next convention when women were appointed to committees.

394: 21640: 20560: 20469: 20464: 20255: 19313: 19303: 18839: 18476: 18313: 17896: 17760: 17740: 17691: 17681: 17549: 17471: 17448: 17408: 17272: 17262: 17139: 17114: 17021: 17001: 16479: 16269: 15995: 15377: 14707: 14474: 14423: 14052: 13129: 13124: 12999: 12759: 12738: 12658: 12638: 12598: 12312: 12274: 12257: 12240: 12105: 12074: 12016: 11997: 11939: 11734: 11717: 11681: 11663: 11574: 11557: 11540: 11468: 11448: 11263: 11084: 10226: 10201: 10176: 10137: 10109: 10046:"To pass H.J. Res. 1, proposing an amendment to the constitution extending the right to suffrage of women. (P. 78-2)" 9846: 8817: 8572: 8545: 8514: 8225: 8148: 7969: 7876: 7764: 6640: 6604: 6484: 5998: 5967: 5786: 5541: 5524: 5346: 5225: 5147: 5086: 4666: 4028: 4008:

The leaders of the NAWSA's Southern Strategy began to find their own voice by 1913 when Kate Gordon of Louisiana and

3839: 3557: 3281: 2959: 2914: 2807: 2470: 2210: 2047: 2026: 1961: 1929: 911: 734: 11817:"Illusion of Suffrage: Female Voting Rights and the Women's Poll Tax Repeal Movement after the Nineteenth Amendment" 11152: 4710:. The voting gender gap has impacted political elections and, consequently, the way candidates campaign for office. 2937:

and others, many of whom had helped to create the New England Woman Suffrage Association a year earlier, formed the

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consumerism, mass culture, and freer expressions of sexuality that defined the first decades of the 20th century."

3470: 2773: 1366: 928: 194: 13578: 12538:"'Better Citizens Without the Ballot': American AntiSuffrage Women and Their Rationale During the Progressive Era" 3544:

non-partisan effort and without the limitations of the ballot. We believe in Progress, not in Politics for women.

2674:, the first women's rights convention to be organized on a statewide basis, which also endorsed women's suffrage. 20490: 19813: 19547: 19503: 18899: 18397: 18253: 17799: 17588: 17529: 17438: 17329: 17304: 16801: 16791: 16356: 16274: 16212: 16196: 16042: 16037: 15801: 15781: 15771: 15766: 15099: 14825: 14576: 14016: 13923: 13652: 13529: 13446: 13419: 13204: 13099: 13039: 13014: 13004: 12994: 10576: 5866: 5776: 5458: 5448: 5283: 5198: 5167: 5130: 5028: 4951: 4767:, which expanded maternity care during the 1920s, was one of the first laws passed appealing to the female vote. 4679: 4634: 4118: 3411: 3049: 2632: 2450:, a major force in that region, published a statement condemning their actions. Despite the disapproval, in 1838 2388: 204: 149: 11424:

Dodd, Lynda G. "Parades, Pickets, and Prison: Alice Paul and the Virtues of Unruly Constitutional Citizenship."

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Southern black people." These improvements are largely driven by suffrage-induced growth in education spending.

4553:. As a result, if an American woman married someone who was ineligible for naturalization, until passage of the 4075:

In 1870, shortly after the formation of the AWSA, Lucy Stone launched an eight-page weekly newspaper called the

3610:, made clear the opposition of elite white women to suffrage in a 1914 speech to the Georgia state legislature: 2178:

had a constitutional right to vote, suffragists made several attempts to vote in the early 1870s and then filed

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The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony: Place Inside the Body-Politic, 1887 to 1895

12650:

The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony: Against an aristocracy of sex, 1866 to 1873

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The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony: In the School of Anti-Slavery, 1840 to 1866

12537: 11370: 11334: 11135: 10610: 9947:

Lunardini, Christine A.; Knock, Thomas J. (Winter 1980–1981). "Woodrow Wilson and woman suffrage: a new look".

9892: 8710: 6166: 5841: 5738: 5468: 5215: 5113: 5076: 4032: 2364:

The demand for women's suffrage emerged as part of the broader movement for women's rights. In the UK in 1792,

2222: 2218: 2198: 2086: 1878: 1533: 1499: 1408: 876: 189: 11986:

Schultz, Jaime (2013). "The Physical is Political: Women's Suffrage, Pilgrim Hikes and the Public Sphere", in

9392:"Senators to Vote on Suffrage Today; Fate of Susan B. Anthony Amendment Hangs in Balance on Eve of Final Test" 9051: 8869:

Evelyn A. Kirkley, "'This Work is God's Cause': Religion in the Southern Woman Suffrage Movement, 1880–1920."

7118: 4777:. It prohibits sex-based discrimination in any school or other education program that receives federal money. 4348:

World War I had a profound impact on woman suffrage across the belligerents. Women played a major role on the

3801:

leading the men's section proposed the men march between the Southern groups and the Howard University group.

2810:(AERA), whose purpose was to campaign for the equal rights of all citizens, especially the right of suffrage. 2438:

woman, was subjected to sharp criticism for delivering public lectures in the U.S. in 1826 and 1827. When the

2124:

The demand for women's suffrage began to gather strength in the 1840s, emerging from the broader movement for

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American Women: A Library of Congress Guide for the Study of Women's History and Culture in the United States

8931: 8742:(PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Albany, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing, 2007) p. 1 5496: 5255: 5096: 5043: 4751:

became the highest-ranking female elected official in U.S. history after assuming office alongside President

4577: 4349: 3899: 3834: 3039: 2544: 2424: 2214: 1991: 1981: 1883: 1413: 1231: 318: 219: 199: 21031: 10590: 8789:

Arkansas also ratified. A. Elizabeth Taylor, "A short history of the woman suffrage movement in Tennessee."

8398: 7714:

Victoria Woodhull's sexual revolution: Political theater and the popular press in nineteenth-century America

4719:

gender equality, and children's rights. Women's participation rate is higher at local levels of government.

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to convince their party, which did not have a clear direction at that point, to embrace universal suffrage.

487: 328: 21525: 19597: 19571: 19557: 19532: 19522: 19473: 19389: 18996: 18506: 18280: 18174: 17959: 17885: 17829: 17822: 17755: 17618: 17501: 17423: 17413: 17267: 17228: 17184: 17144: 17101: 17049: 16981: 16954: 16914: 16892: 16701: 16515: 16462: 16395: 16252: 16208: 16136: 16057: 15975: 15786: 15650: 15479: 15387: 15195: 14428: 14129: 14072: 13534: 13466: 13461: 13441: 13189: 13069: 11772: 10967: 6578: 5715: 5367: 4961: 4791: 4774: 4661:

In the US Virgin Islands, voting was restricted to men who were literate and owned property. Teachers like

4654: 4633:

that passage or ratification in the states would not grant women's suffrage in Puerto Rico, because of the

4617: 4264: 3308: 3300: 2926: 2587:, its candidate for president, delivered a speech shortly afterwards at the National Liberty Convention in 2156: 1971: 1946: 1771: 1040: 990: 983: 264: 214: 209: 11808: 9213: 7683: 7558: 7458: 7298: 7245: 7232: 7220: 7208: 6370: 4891:. Many leaders of the National Woman's Party co-habitated with other women involved in feminist politics: 2980:

former slaves and immigrant workers would be able to participate meaningfully as voters. In an article in

470: 20027: 19923: 19493: 18762: 18139: 18104: 17750: 17701: 17516: 17418: 17341: 17223: 17119: 16944: 16929: 16867: 16502: 16457: 16264: 16146: 16000: 15026: 14931: 14303: 14213: 14184: 14099: 14022: 13894: 13363: 13194: 13149: 13049: 12926: 12861: 12791: 12729: 10927:"Kamala Harris, daughter of Jamaican and Indian immigrants, elected nation's first female vice president" 9949: 9469: 5748: 5597: 5314: 4252: 3729:

marched with her state delegation despite being told to march with other black people in another section.

3692: 3273: 2202: 1976: 1966: 1936: 1818: 1803: 1793: 1381: 1246: 1241: 933: 506: 96: 11671: 11177:

Rupp, Leila J. (Autumn 1980). ""Imagine My Surprise": Women's Relationships in Historical Perspective".

9733:(audio interview with Michael Waldman, president of the Brennan Center for Justice at NYU School of Law) 9270:

Jana Nidiffer, "Suffrage, FPS, and History of Higher Education", in Allen, Elizabeth J., et al. (2010),

4544:

granted any free white, who met character and residency policies, the right to become a citizen and the

4308:

enfranchised by January 1918, as had women in most Canadian provinces, with Quebec the major exception.

2430:

Opposition was especially strong against the idea of women speaking to audiences of both men and women.

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Passionate Energies. The Gerrit and Ann Smith Family of Peterboro, New York Through a Century of Reform

4541: 4049: 2982: 2291: 2136:

in 1850, however, suffrage was becoming an increasingly important aspect of the movement's activities.

2118: 1919: 1506: 794: 91: 12694:

Mr. President, how Long Must We Wait?: Alice Paul, Woodrow Wilson, and the Fight for the Right to Vote

12166: 8478: 7661: 7297:. The AERA held no further annual meetings and went out of existence a year later. See Harper (1899), 2539:

Sentiment in favor of women's rights was strong within the radical wing of the abolitionist movement.

296: 21656: 21383: 21272: 21248: 21009: 20990: 20600: 20533: 20439: 20295: 20208: 20107: 20092: 20082: 20041: 19963: 19928: 19498: 18565: 18392: 18362: 18131: 17233: 16539: 16344: 16339: 15901: 15355: 14992: 14680: 13847: 13837: 13817: 13630: 12920: 12039: 11407: 11300: 10989: 10912: 8668: 7730: 7647: 4630: 4561: 4513: 3997: 3739: 3142: 3136: 3106: 2963: 2660: 2244:(NWP), a group focused on the passage of a national suffrage amendment. Over 200 NWP supporters, the 2241: 2079: 1731: 1511: 948: 752: 698: 12796: 12701: 12495: 12348: 11873: 10962: 10417: 6313: 21216: 20958: 20804: 20112: 20087: 20003: 19908: 19868: 19460: 19006: 18849: 18834: 18735: 18683: 18641: 18629: 18466: 18268: 17869: 17346: 16726: 16696: 16691: 16681: 16447: 16403: 16244: 16005: 15791: 15655: 15469: 15409: 14675: 14670: 14653: 13776: 13730: 12915: 12066: 11786: 8428: 6393: 6262: 6237: 4900: 4690: 4649: 3787: 3437: 3433: 2687: 2189:, suffragists began the decades-long campaign for an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would 2006: 2001: 1996: 1953: 1833: 1629: 1391: 1045: 837: 713: 686: 599: 499: 18543: 12891: 10748: 9249: 7470:

Barry (1988), pp. 194, 208. The 1869 AERA annual meeting voted to endorse the Fifteenth Amendment.

4915:. There are also the significant same sex relationships of NAWSA first and second vice presidents 3018:. The NWSA was led by women only while the AWSA included both men and women among its leadership. 2316:" with no legal personhood of her own and who was legally considered indistinct from her husband. 21610: 21555: 21490: 21283: 21019: 20699: 20527: 20393: 20346: 20102: 20097: 20077: 19968: 19958: 19953: 19933: 19483: 19011: 18328: 18273: 18074: 16840: 16576: 16334: 15301: 14636: 14571: 14298: 14290: 14234: 14139: 13812: 13761: 13735: 12932: 12826: 12821: 12093: 11969: 10249: 8666:, "Sisters, not demons: The influence of British suffragists on the American Suffrage Movement," 7781: 4920: 4912: 4764: 3623:

magnates, city machine bosses, and the liquor interest in a formidable combine against suffrage.

3390:

The suffrage movement declined in vigor during the years immediately after the 1890 merger. When

3098: 3059: 2628: 2457:

Other women began to give public speeches, especially in opposition to slavery and in support of

2328: 2129: 1838: 1798: 1489: 1482: 1440: 669: 411: 18019: 12875: 8506:

Christian Clergy Response to Intimate Partner Violence: Attitudes, Training, Or Religious Views?

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Women's Rights Tract No. 1: Commensurate with her capacities and obligations, are Woman's Rights

2143:

organizations were established in 1869 when two competing organizations were formed, one led by

21485: 21026: 20915: 20727: 20717: 20513: 20328: 20241: 20133: 20117: 20056: 19883: 19798: 19742: 19026: 18958: 18894: 18822: 18587: 18340: 18285: 18196: 18119: 18024: 18009: 17838: 17292: 16642: 16452: 16432: 16234: 16089: 15884: 15831: 15816: 15660: 15348: 15067: 14794: 14641: 14406: 14335: 14218: 14190: 14046: 13298: 12822:

UNCG Special Collections and University Archives selections of American Suffragette manuscripts

12097: 12085: 12022: 10549:"100 Years After Suffrage, Native American Women Still Fighting to Vote – Women's Media Center" 9474:

Series: The 19th Amendment and Women's Access to the Vote Across America. National Park Service

6734: 4956: 4589: 4581: 4550: 4517: 4509: 4064: 3941: 3923: 3919: 3779: 3746:

in 1863 also fell in 1913, giving them even further incentive to march in the suffrage parade.

3712: 3684: 3640: 3536: 3503: 3453: 3197: 3097:

In a case that generated national controversy, Susan B. Anthony was arrested for violating the

3038:, husband and wife suffragists from Missouri, outlined a strategy that came to be known as the 2934: 2845: 2759: 2652: 2621: 2605: 2567: 2562:

Several members of the radical wing of the abolitionist movement supported suffrage. In 1846,

2540: 2148: 1986: 1646: 1553: 1376: 1337: 1226: 1216: 1192: 1170: 1160: 1135: 1125: 784: 540: 428: 352: 12426: 12141: 11495:

Fighting Chance: The Struggle over Woman Suffrage and Black Suffrage in Reconstruction America

11401: 11326: 11216: 9987:

Woodrow Wilson's conversion experience: the president and the federal woman suffrage amendment

9767: 9755: 9743: 9730: 9719: 9707: 9695: 9600: 9430: 9370: 9307: 9295: 8932:"Exhibition Items Seneca Falls and Building a Movement, 1776–1890 Early Feminist Inspirations" 8883: 8858: 8846: 8631: 8337: 8189: 8119: 8103: 8082: 7961: 7936: 7888: 7868: 7754: 7620: 7608: 7583: 7571: 7545: 7509: 7497: 7430: 7403: 7378: 7366: 7350: 7338: 7322: 7310: 7269: 7257: 7183: 7171: 7147: 7087: 6801: 6759: 6730: 6682: 6476: 6382: 6336: 6115: 5990: 5984: 5944: 3485: 3456:, in a concurring opinion, stated that the case should be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. 21515: 21465: 20921: 20422: 19918: 19913: 19788: 19511: 19062: 19045: 19021: 18914: 18909: 18856: 18678: 18646: 18454: 18439: 18029: 18004: 17989: 17491: 17174: 16289: 15846: 15811: 15806: 15749: 15732: 15462: 14916: 14729: 14394: 13791: 13414: 12806: 12776: 12571:

A reform against nature: woman suffrage and the rethinking of American citizenship, 1840–1920

12454: 12266:

New Women of the New South: The Leaders of the Woman Suffrage Movement in the Southern States

12058: 11963: 11821: 11782:

State Voter Registration Databases: Immediate Actions and Future Improvements: Interim Report

11780: 11440:

Feminism and Suffrage: The Emergence of an Independent Women's Movement in America, 1848–1869

11364: 10972: 10753: 10116: 9792: 9647: 9626: 9612: 9588: 9549: 9442: 9409: 9324: 9275: 9237: 9225: 9179: 8809:

New Women of the New South: The Leaders of the Woman Suffrage Movement in the Southern States

8807: 8692: 8562: 8535: 8520: 8466: 8349: 8294: 8282: 8217: 8176: 8164: 7596: 7418: 7391: 7294: 7281: 7159: 7063: 7047: 7018: 6892: 6861: 6747: 6632: 6616: 6557: 6527: 6515: 6453: 6432: 6407:"An Act to establish a system of Common Schools in the State of Kentucky, Chap. 898, Sec. 37" 6287: 4884: 4674:

ruled in favor of the women on December 27, which led to mobilization to register to vote in

4485: 4292: 3347: 2991: 2644: 2576: 2572: 2559:

received petitions in support of women's suffrage from residents of at least three counties.

2447: 2335: 1736: 1696: 1686: 1641: 1472: 1447: 1356: 1221: 978: 938: 418: 335: 18: 21625: 12866: 7195: 6771: 6661: 6141: 4584:. Even so, until the 1950s, some states barred Native Americans from voting unless they had 4476: 3695:. While earlier suffragists had believed the two issues could be linked, the passage of the 3180: 2743:

sold her household goods at auction until enough money had been raised to pay her tax bill.

21480: 21338: 21135: 20899: 20608: 20385: 20351: 20189: 20008: 19973: 19878: 19853: 19542: 19039: 18991: 18931: 18767: 18688: 18548: 18471: 18429: 18308: 18258: 18243: 18226: 18126: 18014: 17984: 17843: 16971: 16845: 16736: 16114: 15546: 15526: 15474: 15424: 15365: 15296: 14226: 14195: 14134: 13988: 13358: 12391:

The home, heaven, and mother party: Female anti-suffragists in the United States, 1868–1920

9107: 4808: 4493: 4440: 4081:

to advocate for women's rights, especially suffrage. Better financed and less radical than

3368: 3268:

enfranchised women on December 10, 1869, which is commemorated as Wyoming Day in the state.

3265: 2865: 2695: 2490: 1858: 1813: 1783: 1766: 1756: 1604: 1516: 1494: 1386: 1361: 1296: 1140: 1120: 1070: 923: 859: 832: 572: 406: 131: 121: 12912:

Scrabooks of Newspaper Clippings compiled by the Woman Suffrage Party of Greater Cleveland

12842: 12801: 12781: 12086:"African Feminism: A Theoretical Approach to the History of Women in the African Diaspora" 10130:

The perils of protection: gender and the recasting of rights in a nation at war, 1860–1898

7194:

For membership numbers, see Barry (1988), p. 154. For "pool of talent," see Venet (1991),

6858:"The Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention and the Origin of the Women's Rights Movement" 6065: 4403:, making it the law throughout the United States. Thus the 1920 election became the first 2659:, an abolitionist leader and a former slave, gave it his strong support. The convention's 8: 21595: 21575: 21550: 21450: 21364: 21209: 21190: 20951: 20932: 20797: 20758: 20732: 20444: 20416: 19993: 19943: 19898: 19888: 19873: 19863: 19848: 19828: 19803: 19793: 19783: 19537: 19357: 19347: 18789: 18538: 18231: 18149: 18144: 18094: 17994: 17862: 17383: 17299: 17109: 16825: 16510: 16141: 15338: 14094: 13771: 13338: 12906: 12030: 11607: 11352: 10931: 10595: 9524:"Debate between Laura Clay and Madeline McDowell Breckinridge over the Anthony Amendment" 8702: 8696: 4896: 4880: 4844: 4836: 4419: 4332:

magazine. The caption "I did not raise my girl to be a voter" parodies the antiwar song "

4322: 4059: 3979: 3767: 3716: 3574: 3391: 3384: 3082: 3015: 2706: 2580: 2365: 2261: 2185: 2106: 1676: 1666: 1636: 1624: 1619: 1521: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1115: 1050: 1030: 963: 906: 864: 842: 808: 742: 494: 399: 178: 126: 116: 71: 12816: 12249:

The Road to Seneca Falls: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the First Women's Rights Convention

12051: 11638: 11079:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 161. 9454: 5933:"Sex, Suffrage, and State Constitutional Law: Women's Legal Right to Hold Public Office" 4644:

Suffragists and their supporters unsuccessfully introduced enfranchisement bills to the

2446:, spoke against slavery throughout the northeast in the mid-1830s, the ministers of the 21684: 21668: 21535: 21146: 20856: 20377: 20013: 19988: 19893: 19833: 19808: 19778: 19768: 19367: 19362: 19352: 19342: 19055: 19033: 18553: 18412: 18387: 18357: 18318: 18201: 18044: 16623: 16611: 16329: 16319: 16296: 16279: 15675: 15419: 15414: 15286: 15139: 15015: 14815: 14779: 14266: 14203: 14104: 13884: 13328: 12811: 12557: 12524: 12483: 12377: 12336: 12226: 12147: 11690: 11644: 11194: 11017: 10520: 10250:"Tennessee Fails to Reconsider Suffrage Vote – Fight for All Rights Still Facing Women" 10082: 9966: 9919: 8773: 8140: 8064: 6346: 5871: 4843:

partners (women involved in intimate longterm relationships with other women) included

4621: 4326:

A chorus of disreputable men supports an anti-suffrage woman in this 1915 cartoon from

4194: 4077: 4069: 4036: 3783: 3763: 3679:

The woman's suffrage movement, led in the nineteenth century by stalwart women such as

3664: 3599: 3583: 3569:

A promotional map of the woman's suffrage movement in the U.S. and Canada by 1917. The

3245: 3074: 2987: 2973: 2948: 2901: 2897: 2838: 2826: 2822: 2803: 2715: 2699: 2656: 2516: 2506: 2474: 2171: 1863: 1853: 1843: 1828: 1823: 1808: 1761: 1741: 1716: 1681: 1671: 1651: 1548: 1430: 1420: 1321: 1075: 901: 767: 649: 362: 323: 76: 7805:"Trump says he will posthumously pardon U.S. women's rights activist Susan B. Anthony" 2944: 2713:, to write an essay called "The Enfranchisement of Women," which was published in the 2451: 21692: 21605: 21440: 21322: 21154: 21073: 20894: 20666: 20362: 20185: 19948: 19903: 19843: 19818: 19773: 19716: 18953: 18784: 18597: 18184: 17979: 17940: 17366: 16522: 15874: 15372: 15291: 15276: 14871: 14497: 14242: 14165: 14109: 13994: 13766: 13383: 13291: 12755: 12734: 12674: 12654: 12634: 12614: 12594: 12561: 12460: 12436: 12323: 12308: 12270: 12253: 12236: 12207: 12190: 12172: 12151: 12101: 12070: 12034: 12012: 11993: 11973: 11897: 11862: 11830: 11790: 11771: 11730: 11726:

Woman's Voice, Woman's Place: Lucy Stone and the Birth of the Woman's Rights Movement

11713: 11677: 11659: 11634: 11616: 11587: 11570: 11553: 11536: 11519: 11499: 11482: 11464: 11444: 11411: 11374: 11338: 11304: 11275: 11259: 11226: 11131: 11080: 11021: 11009: 10423: 10222: 10197: 10172: 10169:

Votes for women!: the woman suffrage movement in Tennessee, the South, and the nation

10143: 10133: 10105: 9998: 9905: 9328: 9279: 9183: 8813: 8706: 8568: 8541: 8510: 8221: 8214:

Votes for Women!: The Woman Suffrage Movement in Tennessee, the South, and the Nation

8144: 8068: 8056: 7965: 7907: 7872: 7760: 7067: 7022: 6636: 6600: 6480: 6039: 5994: 5963: 5960:

Drugs in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law

5940: 5002: 4904: 4733:

became the first woman vice presidential candidate to be nominated by a major party.

4730: 4707: 4662: 4489: 4103: 3895: 3775: 3771: 3755: 3751: 3708: 3704: 3660: 3494: 3238: 3170: 3146: 3070: 2698:. National conventions were held afterwards almost every year through 1860, when the 2588: 2458: 2403: 2295: 2125: 1924: 1788: 1751: 1746: 1726: 1721: 1691: 1656: 1609: 1599: 1563: 1558: 1543: 1538: 1452: 1187: 1180: 1155: 1145: 1130: 995: 968: 854: 813: 789: 664: 644: 631: 592: 587: 582: 555: 455: 30: 11965:

Women, Creole Identity, and Intellectual Life in Early Twentieth-century Puerto Rico

11673:

No Constitutional Right to be Ladies : women and the obligations of citizenship

6411:

Acts of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, December Session, 1837

3422:

converted the loosely structured organization into one that was highly centralized.

3307:, a large farmers' organization, officially endorsed women's suffrage. In 1890, the 2439: 21570: 21500: 21435: 21425: 21406: 21278: 21265: 21014: 20722: 20700:

Not for Ourselves Alone: The Story of Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony

20546: 20394:

Not for Ourselves Alone: The Story of Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony

20231: 19978: 19858: 19823: 19721: 19636: 19631: 19122: 18560: 18523: 18449: 18407: 18303: 18263: 18064: 18059: 17282: 17129: 16835: 16655: 15665: 15506: 15489: 15484: 15323: 15109: 15079: 14997: 14646: 14631: 14275: 14155: 14114: 14088: 14062: 14007: 13956: 13862: 13857: 13786: 13388: 13333: 13234: 12857:

The Sewall-Belmont House & Museum – Home of the historic National Woman's Party

12549: 12516: 12369: 12304: 12026: 12002: 11397: 11186: 11001: 10031: 10017: 9958: 9933: 9901: 9175: 8048: 7337:, November 21, 1868; "Mrs. Lucy Stone and Woman Suffrage," cited in Dudden (2011); 6015:"Right Choice, Wrong Reasons: Wyoming Women Win the Right to Vote | WyoHistory.org" 5008: 4876: 4868: 4856: 4848: 4804: 4723: 4256: 4102:

in 1913 when she was still part of the NAWSA. Editor of the eight-page weekly was

3936: 3819: 3680: 3652:

that Blackwell's ideas were taken seriously drew the interest of many suffragists.

3474: 3415: 3336: 3158: 2861: 2783: 2755: 2732: 2710: 2640: 2499: 2493:" at the convention, directly addressed some of this opposition in her speech. The 2245: 2144: 1873: 1868: 1778: 1706: 1701: 1661: 1614: 1589: 1526: 1398: 1326: 1175: 1060: 1025: 943: 849: 803: 779: 703: 676: 639: 482: 475: 465: 445: 389: 372: 313: 66: 12882: 12827:

International Woman Suffrage Timeline: Winning the Vote for Women Around the World

12456:

Un-American womanhood : antiradicalism, antifeminism, and the first Red Scare

10059: 8307:

The Transformation of the Woman Suffrage Movement: The Case of Illinois, 1850–1920

4726:

became the first woman to run for the Democratic Party's presidential nomination.

4525:, while rural drys mobilized women to support Prohibition and vote for Republican 4128:

The status of women's suffrage before passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920

3905: 3080:

The Supreme Court, in 1875, put an end to the New Departure strategy by ruling in

21600: 21580: 21530: 21505: 21460: 21083: 21068: 20046: 19983: 19938: 19838: 18844: 18777: 18673: 18634: 18518: 18461: 18333: 18236: 18134: 18054: 18049: 17999: 16991: 16767: 16665: 16437: 15737: 15670: 15439: 15360: 15306: 14784: 14759: 14082: 13756: 13544: 12833: 12706: 12668: 12648: 12628: 12608: 12588: 12358:"From Antisuffragism to Anti-Communism: The Conservative Career of Ida M. Darden" 12298: 12264: 12247: 12232:

Not for Ourselves Alone: The Story of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony

12230: 12201: 12184: 12143:

Living with Jim Crow: African American Women and Memories of the Segregated South

12006: 11987: 11852: 11743:

U.S. Insular Areas: Applicability of Relevant Provisions of the U.S. Constitution

11724: 11707: 11654: 11581: 11564: 11547: 11530: 11513: 11509: 11493: 11458: 11438: 11253: 11249: 10534: 10280: 10152: 10045: 7901: 7123:

Not for Ourselves Alone: The Story of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony

6594: 6457: 6091:"History of Women's Suffrage in California :: California Secretary of State" 4941: 4840: 4740:

became the first female presidential candidate to be nominated by a major party.

4737: 4328: 4300: 4185: 3843: 3743: 3644: 3631: 3399: 3189: 2930: 2486: 2383: 2358: 2069: 1477: 1286: 1274: 1080: 1020: 1000: 958: 896: 818: 708: 654: 612: 550: 545: 511: 423: 377: 8760:

Kenneth R. Johnson, "Kate Gordon and the Woman-Suffrage Movement in the South,"

7461:. Douglass and Stone are speaking here during the final AERA convention in 1869. 4773:

is a federal civil rights law that was passed in 1972 as part (Title IX) of the

3871:

Film of suffragettes marching from Newark, New Jersey to Washington, DC in 1913.

3414:, which was created in Germany, Berlin in 1904 with Catt as president. In 1904, 2888:

Partly as a result of the developing split in the women's movement, in 1868 the

2375: 21673: 21662: 21288: 21259: 21001: 19726: 18794: 18772: 18750: 18728: 18723: 18248: 18179: 18109: 17854: 17461: 17361: 16744: 15879: 15869: 15864: 15859: 15531: 15394: 15328: 15021: 14987: 14941: 14208: 13889: 13872: 13852: 13842: 13353: 13348: 12450: 10882: 10766: 8740:

The other woman's movement: Anti-suffrage activism in New York State, 1865–1932

8663: 5018: 4694: 4601: 4597: 4526: 4448: 4361: 4340: 4098: 3967: 3890: 3747: 3449: 3332: 3035: 2990:? Shall ... be ranked politically below the most ignorant and degraded men?" 2834: 2462: 2443: 2431: 1848: 1291: 1256: 1065: 871: 823: 617: 577: 460: 21041: 12921:

Newspaper articles and clippings about U.S. Women's Suffrage at Newspapers.com

12418:

Splintered Sisterhood: Gender and Class in the Campaign against Woman Suffrage

12290:

A History of the Anti-Suffrage Movement in the United States from 1895 to 1920

12176: 11077:

Why They Marched: Untold Stories of the Women Who Fought for the Right to Vote

9496: 6212: 4283:) passed ballot initiatives to enfranchise women, and two incumbent senators ( 4039:

interventions and bring increased federal scrutiny of elections in the South.

21717: 21565: 21540: 21495: 21088: 18936: 18713: 16442: 15742: 15551: 15186: 15129: 15124: 15052: 14820: 13373: 12664: 12644: 12624: 12222: 12218: 11901: 11834: 11620: 11387: 11239: 11013: 10002: 8442:"Massachusetts Women's Suffrage for Local Elections Advisory Question (1895)" 8060: 4860: 4748: 4671: 4288: 4284: 4240: 4213: 3958: 3205: 2829:, however, was resisted by some abolitionist leaders and their allies in the 2814: 2648: 2592: 2563: 2257: 2253: 1150: 1110: 1105: 1015: 757: 720: 345: 340: 12862:

Women of Protest: Photographs from the Records of the National Woman's Party

12802:

Database of National Woman's Party Actions Outside Washington D.C. 1914–1924

12792:

Women of Protest: Photographs from the Records of the National Woman's Party

11943: 10285:

After Suffrage: Women in Partisan and Electoral Politics before the New Deal

10147: 6823:"Seneca Falls Convention – American Memory Timeline- Classroom Presentation" 4697:

the territorial constitution implies its applicability in the jurisdiction.

2354: 46: 21615: 21585: 21445: 21430: 21093: 21058: 18925: 18861: 18402: 16749: 16721: 15776: 15089: 14830: 14764: 14258: 14250: 12604: 12584: 12553: 12088:. In Terborg-Penn, Rosalyn; Harley, Sharon; Rushing, Andrea Benton (eds.). 11992:, edited by Roberta J. Park and Patricia Vertinsky. New York: Routledge. 11989:

Women, Sport, Society: Further Reflections, Reaffirming Mary Wollstonecraft

11742: 11474: 11454: 11434: 11316: 10958: 7903:

How the vote was won woman suffrage in the western United States, 1868–1914

5932: 4908: 4786: 4626: 4593: 4276: 4124: 3815: 3726: 3688: 3498: 3110: 2636: 2584: 1371: 1301: 1165: 1100: 1095: 1055: 1005: 762: 681: 659: 560: 435: 308: 12409:

When Patriots Protest: The Anti-Suffrage Discursive Transformation of 1917

12059:"Enfranchising Women of Color: Woman Suffragists as Agents of Imperialism" 11357:

Counting Women's Ballots: Female Voters from Suffrage through the New Deal

7731:"The Trial of Susan B. Anthony: Legal Questions Before the Federal Courts" 7522: 21520: 21475: 21470: 21420: 20737: 20482: 18817: 18745: 18661: 18481: 18206: 17026: 16557: 15894: 15796: 15536: 15399: 15155: 13378: 9613:"Timeline and Map of Woman Suffrage Legislation State by State 1838–1919" 6167:"Recognizing Women's Right to Vote in New York State | New York Heritage" 4916: 4888: 4852: 4675: 4638: 4613: 4268: 4247: 4019: 3986: 3759: 3715:

suffrage groups into the fold. The statement's signers included Anthony,

3648: 3587: 3295:

In the late 1870s, the suffrage movement received a major boost when the

3215:, 1970 issue, celebrating the 50th anniversary of voting rights for women 3201: 2529: 2299: 2249: 2110: 774: 565: 11829:(3). Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Law School: 839–888. 10086: 8794: 8647: 8619: 6629:

Unruly Women: The Politics of Social and Sexual Control in the Old South

4255:. The NWP, by contrast, took no steps to cooperate with the war effort. 2884:

Petition from the citizens of Massachusetts in support of woman suffrage

2779: 21545: 21510: 21455: 21232: 21078: 21063: 20974: 20820: 18904: 18812: 18718: 18651: 18424: 15889: 15695: 15521: 15516: 15434: 13368: 12971: 12888: 12777:

Timeline and Map of Woman Suffrage Legislation State by State 1838–1919

12381: 12357: 11848: 11198: 10100:

Sherr, Lynn (1995), "Oh slavery, hateful thing", in Sherr, Lynn (ed.),

9970: 8642:

James J. Kenneally, "Catholicism and Woman Suffrage in Massachusetts."

6238:"Suffrage Amendment | The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture" 4924: 4796: 4665:

and Mildred V. Anduze pressed for women to gain the vote. In 1935, the

4533: 4235:

Some of the onlookers, including crowds of drunken men in town for the

4089:

and spent a significant amount of money to enhance it. It was renamed

4024: 4009: 3990: 3963: 3954: 3806: 3656: 3570: 3141:

In 1876, Anthony, Stanton and Matilda Joslyn Gage began working on the

3118: 3063: 2922: 2853: 2818: 2726: 2691: 2478: 2324: 2303: 2237: 2152: 1331: 1316: 1010: 18740: 12528: 12504: 9108:"Marching for the Vote: Remembering the Woman Suffrage Parade of 1913" 8614:

Ronald Schaffer, "The New York City Woman Suffrage Party, 1909–1919."

6593:, 52 (February 15, 1900), pp. 414–417. Quoted in Sherr, Lynn (1995), 4227:"Kaiser Wilson" banner held by an NWP member picketing the White House 3380: 3165:

with no changes to its wording. Its text is identical to that of the

2327:(1712–1778), a wealthy widow, was allowed to vote in town meetings in 21109: 18570: 18189: 18039: 17378: 17371: 14067: 12837: 12043:

in six volumes. Rochester, NY: Susan B. Anthony (Charles Mann Press).

10904: 10521:"Myths About the 19th Amendment and Women's Suffrage Debunked | Time" 9057:. Richmond, Virginia): The Times-Dispatch. March 2, 1913. p. 2. 7361:"Stones Holding Their Peace," and "Lucy Stone and the Negro's Hour," 4892: 4752: 4554: 4537: 4444: 4396: 4383: 3851: 2740: 2521: 2331:

in 1756. No other women in the colonial era are known to have voted.

2307: 2113:

and localities, then nationally in 1920 with the ratification of the

1311: 1306: 384: 12853:

original copies at the Boston Public Library, Boston, Massachusetts.

12373: 11190: 11128:

To Believe in Women: What Lesbians Have Done for America – A History

9962: 4713: 4047:

Stanton and Anthony launched a sixteen-page weekly newspaper called

2617: 21375: 20200: 18946: 18884: 18656: 18575: 15561: 15511: 15134: 15084: 14725:

Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996

13314: 12902: 12520: 11329:. In Baver, Sherrie; Falcón, Angelo; Haslip-Viera, Gabriel (eds.). 11222: 9847:

The record of the Leslie Woman Suffrage Commission, Inc., 1917–1929

9321:

Winning the West for Women: The Life of Suffragist Emma Smith DeVoe

8834:

Southern Strategies: Southern Women and the Woman Suffrage Question

8738:"A Creed" by Josephine Jewell Dodge, 1915, cited in Susan Goodier, 8116:

American Federation of Labor: History, Encyclopedia, Reference Book

8052: 5013: 4522: 4436: 4432: 4391: 4387: 4296: 4280: 4272: 4013: 3975: 3823: 3811: 3794: 3592: 3489:

Headquarters of the National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage.

2968: 2857: 2435: 2398: 2393: 2190: 2179: 2140: 1085: 953: 516: 38: 12962: 12186:

Neither Ballots nor Bullets: Women Abolitionists and the Civil War

12061:. In Pierson, Ruth Roach; Chaudhuri, Nupur; McAuley, Beth (eds.). 11655:

Women's Activism and Social Change: Rochester, New York, 1822–1872

10836: 10611:"Could Women of Color Vote in the 1870 election? | WyoHistory.org" 10073:

Arendale, Marirose (Spring 1980). "Tennessee and women's rights".

5049: 4435:

ratified the amendment in 1941. After another ten years, in 1952,

3272:

Women were enfranchised in frontier Wyoming Territory in 1869 and

10424:

National Academy of Sciences & National Research Council 2008

10298:

Prejudice and the Old Politics: The Presidential Election of 1928

9806:, Baker and Dodd (eds.), p. 265, quoted in Flexner (1959), p. 302 7809: 4875:, and National American Woman Suffrage Association president Dr. 4574:

inspiration from the political egalitarianism of Iroquois society

4481: 4209: 3798: 3223: 3152: 2967:

denial of suffrage because of sex. They said that by effectively

2525: 747: 14365: 12883:"Pathways to Equality: The U.S. Women's Rights Movement Emerges" 12807:

National Woman's Party Offices and Actions (Washington D.C. map)

12048:

Forging the Franchise: The Political Origins of the Women's Vote

11805:

And yet they persisted: how American women won the right to vote

11005: 10704: 10680: 6394:"Kentucky and the 19th Amendment", National Park Service article 6367:

And yet they persisted: how American women won the right to vote

5986:

Philanthropy in America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia

2575:, petitioned Congress to enfranchise women. A convention of the 15144: 10692: 10441: 10194:

Cornerstones of Georgia history documents that formed the state

9348: 8383: 4216:

to be used for the women's suffrage movement. Catt formed the

3722: 3357: 2849: 2466: 2417:—Angela Grimké, 1851, in a letter to Elizabeth Cady Stanton 10824: 10814: 10812: 10797: 10634: 10632: 10489: 10308: 10306: 9849:, by Rose Young, posted on the web by the Library of Congress. 8114:

American Federation of Labor, William Clark Roberts compiler,

7863:

Cullen-DuPont, Kathryn (2000). "History of Woman Suffrage" in

7756:

The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States

6263:"Michigan and the 19th Amendment (U.S. National Park Service)" 4641:

and in the Virgin Islands by the Danish Colonial Law of 1906.

4604:

continue to face certain barriers to political participation.

4600:

until the passing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Voters in

3231: 2880: 2609:

women's rights conventions did much to alter these attitudes.

21700: 21331: 21201: 21162: 20943: 20789: 14283: 12411:. Vol. 7. Rhetoric and Public Affairs. pp. 283–310. 12327:

No Votes for Women: The New York State Anti-Suffrage Movement

12300:

No votes for women: the New York state anti-suffrage movement

11546:

Frost-Knappman, Elizabeth and Cullen-DuPont, Kathryn (2009).

10963:

Did Women's Suffrage Change the Size and Scope of Government?

10347: 10345: 8727:

No votes for women: the New York state anti-suffrage movement

6456:. Flexner refers to it a pamphlet, but it has 128 pages. See 6192:"The Struggle for Woman Suffrage in Rhode Island | EnCompass" 4818: 4505: 3909:

Women suffragists demonstrating for the right to vote in 1913

3373: 2722: 2175: 12856: 12673:. Vol. 5 of 6. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. 12653:. Vol. 2 of 6. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. 12633:. Vol. 1 of 6. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. 12171:. Rochester, NY: Lawyers' Co-operative Publishing Companyo. 11518:. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 10947:

The Modern Temper: American Culture and Society in the 1920s

10716: 10393: 10269:

The Modern Temper: American Culture and Society in the 1920s

10258:

Morris is writer for "Fight for All Rights..." article only.

4923:, respectively, and the chronic close female friendships of 4356:

On January 12, 1915, a suffrage bill was brought before the

4003: 3966:

organized a suffrage parade in Washington on the day before

2591:, that elaborated on his party's call for women's suffrage. 13283: 12505:"Women Anti-Suffragists in the 1915 Massachusetts Campaign" 12203:

A Woman's Crusade: Alice Paul and the Battle for the Ballot

11709:

Seneca Falls and the Origins of the Women's Rights Movement

10809: 10785: 10728: 10629: 10617: 10303: 7837: 6338:

Address Delivered at the Unitarian Church in Uxbridge, 1864

4686: 3913: 3372:, a controversial best-seller that attacked the use of the 2349: 12402:. Vol. 8. Catholic Historical Review. pp. 43–57. 11600:"When Saying "I Do" Meant Giving Up Your U.S. Citizenship" 10668: 10477: 10369: 10357: 10342: 10219:

Mississippi women: their histories, their lives (volume 2)

9920:"National Woman's Party: a year-by-year history 1913–1922" 9818:"A pandemic nearly derailed the women's suffrage movement" 9212:, February 2, 1896, quoted in Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 2. 9076: 7753:

Hall, Kermit L.; Ely, James W.; Grossman, Joel B. (2005).

7483:, April 29, 1869, p. 266. Quoted in DuBois (1978), p. 178. 4987:

Native Americans and women's suffrage in the United States

4557:

of 1922 and various amendments, she lost her citizenship.

3227:

It Doesn't Unsex Her–a women's suffrage postcard from 1915

2197:

The first state to grant women the right to vote had been

20319:

Susan B. Anthony Birthplace Museum (Adams, Massachusetts)

14320:

Art in the women's suffrage movement in the United States

10563:"How the Native American Vote Continues to be Suppressed" 10465: 10453: 6413:. Frankfort: A.G. Hodges State Printer. 1838. p. 282 6066:"The History of Voting and Elections in Washington State" 4947:

Art in the women's suffrage movement in the United States

4344:

US Stamp from 1970 celebrating 50 years of woman suffrage

3323: 2875: 20324:

Susan B. Anthony Childhood House (Battenville, New York)

14698:

Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act

12812:

National Woman's Party: a year-by-year history 1913–1922

12610:

Through Women's Eyes: An American History with Documents

10988:

Kose, Esra; Kuka, Elira; Shenhav, Na'ama (August 2021).

10577:"What does Equal Suffrage mean? | History Colorado" 10405: 10330: 10102:

Failure is impossible: Susan B. Anthony in her own words

8805: 6596:

Failure is Impossible: Susan B. Anthony in Her Own Words

10885:. Center for American Women and Politics. June 12, 2015 10865: 10863: 10773: 10749:"Porto Rican Women Ask Aid of Congress in Getting Vote" 10429: 10381: 7724: 7722: 7641: 7639: 7637: 4977:

List of women's rights conventions in the United States

2917:

annual meeting, Anthony, Stanton and others formed the

2290:

Most of the early U.S. states, continuing in their pre-

21355:

Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

21181:

Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

20774:

Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

20460:

Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

14527: 12428:

The Woman Suffrage Movement in America: A Reassessment

10243: 10241: 10032:"S653037 Y=55, N=29 JONES, N.M. TO PASS H.J. RES. 200" 10018:"S652146 Y=53, N=31 JONES, N.M. TO PASS H.J. RES. 200" 9455:"National Woman's Party 1912–1922: Timeline Story Map" 8371:

The question of expatriation in America prior to 1907.

7365:

3 (February 4, 1869):73, 89. Citied in Dudden (2011);

7084:

Report of the International Council of Women, Volume 1

4997:

Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

4457: 4407:

in which women were permitted to vote in every state.

4318:

Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

3782:; professional women, two – Dr. 3163:

Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

2705:

Reports of this convention reached Britain, prompting

2643:. Five women called the convention, four of whom were 2477:, a Quaker abolitionist. Toward the end of the 1840s, 2159:. After years of rivalry, they merged in 1890 as the 20643:

Elizabeth Cady Stanton House (Seneca Falls, New York)

12063:

Nation, Empire, Colony: Historicizing Gender and Race

11327:"Chapter 10: Latina/o Voting Rights in New York City" 11130:. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 3. 10501: 10318: 8208: 8206: 6496:

Quoted in DuBois, ed. (1992), epigraph, prior to p. 1

2550: 2380:

The Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women,

2260:

after being sent to prison. Under the leadership of

14040:

Centenary of Women's Suffrage Commemorative Fountain

12817:

National Woman's Party 1912–1922: Timeline Story Map

11255:

Susan B. Anthony: A Biography of a Singular Feminist

11244:

Votes for Women: The Struggle for Suffrage Revisited

11157:

The Conversation: Academic rigor, journalistic flair

10860: 10656: 10644: 10221:, Athens: University of Georgia Press, p. 154, 7782:"Susan B. Anthony's speech before the circuit court" 7719: 7682:

Stanton, Anthony, Gage, Harper (1881–1922), Vol. 2,

7634: 7557:

Stanton, Anthony, Gage, Harper (1881–1922), Vol. 2,

7457:

Stanton, Anthony, Gage, Harper (1881–1922), Vol. 2,

7244:

Stanton, Anthony, Gage, Harper (1881–1922), Vol. 2,

7231:

Stanton, Anthony, Gage, Harper (1881–1922), Vol. 2,

7219:

Stanton, Anthony, Gage, Harper (1881–1922), Vol. 2,

7207:

Stanton, Anthony, Gage, Harper (1881–1922), Vol. 2,

6459:

The Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women

5241:

Timeline of women's suffrage in Georgia (U.S. state)

5024:

Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting)

4586:

adopted the culture and language of American society

4093:

and declared to be the official organ of the NAWSA.

3533:

New York State Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage

3090: 2793: 2666:

This convention was followed two weeks later by the

2631:, a regional event held on July 19 and 20, 1848, in 2233:

in 1917, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Michigan in 1918.

14703:

Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act

12123:(in Spanish). San Juan, Puerto Rico. Archived from 11694:

The Ideas of the Woman Suffrage Movement, 1890–1920

10848: 10238: 9946: 8778:

The Ideas of the Woman Suffrage Movement, 1890–1920

7992:

An Act Conferring upon Women the Elective Franchise

7906:. New York: New York University Press. p. 38. 7479:Elizabeth Cady Stanton, "The Sixteenth Amendment," 6589:Susan B. Anthony, "Fifty Years of Work for Woman," 4700: 3929: 3535:(NYSAOWS). Its credo, as set down by its president 2954:The immediate cause for the split was the proposed 2599: 2465:, a Jewish immigrant from Poland; Lucretia Mott, a 2442:, who had been born into a slave-holding family in 20648:Elizabeth Cady Stanton House (Tenafly, New Jersey) 20627:Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony Papers 20303:Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony Papers 12590:The Elizabeth Cady Stanton–Susan B. Anthony Reader 9804:The Public Papers of Woodrow Wilson: War and peace 8203: 8007:Collections of the Kansas State Historical Society 7648:"The Trial of Susan B. Anthony: A Short Narrative" 7520: 7496:, December 24, 1868. Reproduced in Gordon (2000), 7060:The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Social History 3842:. In the actual march, the woman on horseback was 2311: 12927:Women of Color and the Fight for Women's Suffrage 12751:The Woman's Hour: The Great Fight to Win the Vote 12189:. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. 12008:One Half the People: The Fight for Woman Suffrage 11854:The Revolution in Words: Righting Women 1868–1871 11153:"When Lesbians Led the Women's Suffrage Movement" 11044:"The Very Queer History of the Suffrage Movement" 9312: 8533: 8399:"Dual Nationality: TR's 'Self-Evident Absurdity'" 5034:Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States 4714:Changes in representation and government programs 4648:in Puerto Rico in 1919, 1921, and 1923. In 1924, 3459: 3255: 2274:Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States 21715: 17884: 16590:Native American recognition in the United States 14664:U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division 12321: 9172:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History 8950:"#19SuffrageStories Countdown: Stories 14 to 10" 7958:Belva Lockwood: The Woman Who Would Be President 7833:"Trump says he plans to pardon Susan B. Anthony" 6733:. Gerrit Smith was a cousin and close friend of 6288:"Timeline and Map of Woman Suffrage Legislation" 4612:At the time the 19th Amendment was passed, both 3884: 2766: 2750: 2557:New York State Constitutional Convention of 1846 21131:Belmont–Paul Women's Equality National Monument 14325:Music and women's suffrage in the United States 13946:Women's suffrage organizations and publications 12914:compiled between 1911 and 1920, available from 12400:Catholicism and Woman Suffrage in Massachusetts 11102:"How Queer Women Powered the Suffrage Movement" 10987: 10166: 10060:"S661014 Y=56, N=25 WATSON, IND. TO PASS HJR 1" 9785: 9165: 9027:Dubois, William Edward Burghardt (April 1913). 8729:(University of Illinois Press, 2013) pp. 85–86. 7752: 6473:Minerva and the Muse: A Life of Margaret Fuller 5951: 5050:Knowledge articles on women's suffrage by state 5039:Women's suffrage in states of the United States 4982:Music and women's suffrage in the United States 4576:. Native American women and men were nominally 4096:Alice Paul began publishing a newspaper called 3284:endorsed women's suffrage, contributing to the 2281:Women's suffrage in states of the United States 2163:(NAWSA) with Anthony as its leading force. The 21739:History of women's rights in the United States 13833:National Women's Rights Convention (1850–1869) 11331:Latinos in New York: Communities in Transition 8698:The Reader's Companion to U.S. Women's History 8695:. In Mankiller, Wilma P.; et al. (eds.). 4795:, found that women generally voted along more 4572:The early women's suffrage movement had drawn 3608:National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage 3153:Introduction of the women's suffrage amendment 3002:that criticized Republican sponsorship of the 2396:that first appeared in serial form in 1839 in 21729:History of voting rights in the United States 21391: 21217: 20959: 20805: 20498: 20216: 18155:Drafting and ratification of the Constitution 17870: 16987:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States 15171: 14978:Disfranchisement after the Reconstruction era 14513: 14351: 13299: 12948: 12899:National American Women's Suffrage Collection 12797:Detailed Chronology of National Woman's Party 12114: 11872: 11292: 10842: 10722: 10698: 10674: 10162: 10160: 7759:. Oxford University Press. pp. 381–382. 5976: 5958:Marion, Nancy E.; Oliver, Willard M. (2014). 5867:"Suffragists Parade Down Fifth Avenue – 1917" 3879: 2690:on October 23–24, 1850, at the initiative of 2087: 20571:National American Woman Suffrage Association 20329:Susan B. Anthony House (Rochester, New York) 20266:National American Woman Suffrage Association 19079:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization 12083: 12056: 11961: 11923: 11613:National Archives and Records Administration 11396: 11366:Puerto Rico and the United States, 1917–1933 10830: 10818: 10803: 10791: 10734: 10710: 10686: 10638: 10623: 10399: 10171:. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. 8564:American Women and the Repeal of Prohibition 8220:. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. 7492:Elizabeth Cady Stanton, "Manhood Suffrage," 7413: 7411: 7142: 7140: 7116: 5957: 5693:Timeline of women's suffrage in South Dakota 5659:Timeline of women's suffrage in Rhode Island 5642:Timeline of women's suffrage in Pennsylvania 5586:Timeline of women's suffrage in North Dakota 4992:National American Woman Suffrage Association 4424:National American Woman Suffrage Association 3403:weekly. Their national organization was the 3358:National American Woman Suffrage Association 3352:National American Woman Suffrage Association 3286:enfranchisement of women in Colorado in 1893 3128: 2627:The first women's rights convention was the 2248:, were arrested in 1917 while picketing the 2209:in 1893, Idaho in 1896, Washington in 1910, 2161:National American Woman Suffrage Association 15075:Democratic backsliding in the United States 14713:Military and Overseas Voter Empowerment Act 12424: 11701:Votes for Women! A Portrait of Persistence. 11535:. Boston: Northeastern University Press. 11299:(8th printing ed.). Rutland, Vermont: 10990:"Women's Suffrage and Children's Education" 10447: 10312: 9323:. University of Washington Press. pp. 9318: 8537:Dry Manhattan: Prohibition in New York City 7972:. Lockwood ran for president again in 1888. 6702:(Syracuse, NY: N.M.D. Lathrop, 1853), p. 2. 6462:by Sarah Grimké, 1838, Boston: Isaac Knapp. 4480:Women surrounded by posters in English and 3766:; college women, six – Mrs. 3630:"The Awakening": "Votes for Women" in 1915 3561:Vote for the Woman Suffrage Amendment, 1915 3232:Early female candidates for national office 2668:Rochester Women's Rights Convention of 1848 21398: 21384: 21224: 21210: 20966: 20952: 20812: 20798: 20512: 20505: 20491: 20223: 20209: 17877: 17863: 15185: 15178: 15164: 14520: 14506: 14358: 14344: 13976:Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial 13306: 13292: 12955: 12941: 12903:Rare Book and Special Collections Division 12613:, Vol. 1. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's. 12473: 11814: 11703:Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 11479:Suffrage: Women's Long Battle for the Vote 11218:Anti-immigration in the United States: A-R 10994:American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 10495: 10483: 10216: 10157: 10093: 8502: 8363: 7865:Encyclopedia of Women's History in America 6351:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5982: 5547:Timeline of women's suffrage in New Mexico 5530:Timeline of women's suffrage in New Jersey 5153:Timeline of women's suffrage in California 4937:African-American women's suffrage movement 4201:supported women's suffrage in some areas. 2908: 2612: 2094: 2080: 974:African-American women's suffrage movement 21032:Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 18603:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 16600:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes 14309:Women's Suffrage Centennial silver dollar 12593:. Boston: Northwestern University Press. 12502: 12459:. Columbus: Ohio State University Press. 12397: 12388: 12322:Brannon-Wranosky, essica (October 2014). 12139: 11676:(1st ed.). New York: Hill and Wang. 11463:. New York: New York University Press. 11324: 10471: 10459: 10104:, New York: Crown/Archetype, p. 28, 9521: 9306:Frost-Knappman and Cullen-DuPont (2009), 9272:Reconstructing Policy in Higher Education 9168:"New Women in Early 20th-Century America" 9082: 8373:Johns Hopkins Press. p. 114. OCLC 719352. 8004:Society, Kansas State Historical (1912). 7728: 7645: 7408: 7137: 7015:Elizabeth Cady Stanton: The Right Is Ours 6292:Mapping American Social Movements Project 5830:Timeline of women's suffrage in Wisconsin 4780: 4516:began lobbying for full equality and the 4004:Southern States Woman Suffrage Conference 3947: 3517: 2310:, which held that a married woman was a " 21141:United States ten-dollar bill (proposed) 20686:United States ten-dollar bill (proposed) 20357:United States ten-dollar bill (proposed) 13880:1920 United States presidential election 12894:. National Women's History Museum. 2017. 12885:. National Women's History Museum. 2014. 12415: 12303:. University of Illinois Press. p. 12287: 12164: 12090:Women in Africa and the African Diaspora 12011:Chicago: University of Illinois Press. 11583:Elizabeth Cady Stanton: An American Life 11443:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 11333:(Second ed.). Notre Dame, Indiana: 11293:Carano, Paul; Sanchez, Pedro C. (1980). 11125: 10387: 10363: 10072: 9143: 9141: 9099: 6341:. Worcester, Massachusetts. p. 172. 6139: 5815:West Virginia Equal Suffrage Association 5782:Timeline of women's suffrage in Virginia 5454:Timeline of women's suffrage in Missouri 5403:Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association 5289:Timeline of women's suffrage in Illinois 5236:Women's suffrage in Georgia (U.S. state) 5204:Timeline of women's suffrage in Delaware 5173:Timeline of women's suffrage in Colorado 5136:Timeline of women's suffrage in Arkansas 4789:and Lawrence W. Kenny, published by the 4567: 4475: 4466: 4339: 4321: 4222: 4123: 3985: 3914:Equality League of Self-Supporting Women 3904: 3861: 3833: 3721: 3625: 3564: 3556: 3484: 3379: 3331: 3259: 3222: 3179: 3048: 2943: 2879: 2778: 2721: 2672:Ohio Women's Convention at Salem in 1850 2616: 2353: 2350:Emergence of the women's rights movement 2319: 919:Discrimination against transgender women 17: 20779:Women's Rights National Historical Park 18758:Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. 16651:List of counties and county equivalents 14720:National Voter Registration Act of 1993 14676:Title I of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 14120:Women's Rights National Historical Park 12876:19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution 12707:The World's Work: A History of Our Time 12535: 12449: 12296: 11894:Interamerican University of Puerto Rico 11815:Podolefsky, Ronnie L. (February 2014). 11750:United States General Accounting Office 11481:. New York City: Simon & Schuster. 11269: 10435: 10196:. Athens: University of Georgia Press. 10127: 9470:"Woman Suffrage in the Southern States" 9131: 9129: 9046: 9044: 9042: 8812:. Oxford University Press. p. 25. 8390: 8003: 7964:. New York: New York University Press. 7802: 7521:Henry B. Blackwell (January 15, 1867). 6328: 5678:South Carolina Equal Rights Association 5474:Timeline of women's suffrage in Montana 5221:Timeline of women's suffrage in Florida 5119:Timeline of women's suffrage in Arizona 5082:Timeline of women's suffrage in Alabama 4462: 4311: 4167: Municipal suffrage in some cities 4042: 3711:that was intended to mollify and bring 2677: 21716: 21254:Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage 20996:Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage 20879:New England Woman Suffrage Association 14957:United States Virgin Islands residents 13797:Suffragette bombing and arson campaign 12406: 11851:and Kramarae, Cheris, editors (2001). 11669: 11658:. Lexington Books, Lanham, Maryland. 11597: 11214: 11150: 11070: 11068: 11066: 11064: 11037: 11035: 11033: 11031: 10983: 10981: 10507: 10411: 10375: 10351: 10336: 10324: 10247: 9816:DuBois, Ellen Carol (April 20, 2020). 9815: 9780:Jeannette Rankin, America's Conscience 9180:10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.427 9026: 8396: 8020:Dubois and Dumenil (2009), pp. 412–413 7830: 7660:(The name of this article's author is 7021:. New York: Oxford University Press. 6631:. University of North Carolina Press, 6334: 5885: 5502:Timeline of women's suffrage in Nevada 5261:Timeline of women's suffrage in Hawaii 5189:Connecticut Woman Suffrage Association 5102:Timeline of women's suffrage in Alaska 4758: 4607: 3900:National College Equal Suffrage League 3531:. The best organized movement was the 3324:Merger of rival suffrage organizations 2913:In May 1869, two days after the final 2890:New England Woman Suffrage Association 2876:New England Woman Suffrage Association 2844:In April 1867, Stone and her husband, 2524:that was introduced to England by the 2382:which was widely circulated. In 1845, 21734:History of women in the United States 21724:Women's suffrage in the United States 21679:Women's suffrage in the United States 21379: 21360:Women's suffrage in the United States 21205: 21186:Women's suffrage in the United States 20947: 20928:Women's suffrage in the United States 20793: 20764:Women's suffrage in the United States 20486: 20450:Women's suffrage in the United States 20204: 19686: 19448: 19110: 17914: 17858: 15159: 14501: 14339: 13838:Trial of Susan B. Anthony (1872–1873) 13653:International Woman Suffrage Alliance 13287: 12964:Women's suffrage in the United States 12936: 12892:"Creating a Female Political Culture" 12747: 12700:Knobe, Bertha Damaris (August 1911). 12699: 12568: 12355: 12269:. New York: Oxford University Press. 11740: 11712:. New York: Oxford University Press. 11646:The Life and Work of Susan B. Anthony 11640:The Life and Work of Susan B. Anthony 11498:. New York: Oxford University Press. 11362: 11179:Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 11099: 10869: 10854: 10779: 10662: 10650: 10191: 10099: 9138: 8701:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 8038: 7845:from the original on December 6, 2020 7082:National Woman Suffrage Association, 7066:. New York: Oxford University Press. 6995:Million (2003), pp. 116, 173–174, 264 6479:. University of Massachusetts Press. 5721:Timeline of women's suffrage in Texas 5373:Timeline of women's suffrage in Maine 5158:California Equal Suffrage Association 4867:. Other known suffragist couples are 4825:19th Amendment to the US Constitution 4590:relinquished their tribal memberships 4334:I Didn't Raise My Boy To Be A Soldier 4237:second inauguration of Woodrow Wilson 4173: Primary suffrage in some cities 3475:German Lutherans and German Catholics 3412:International Woman Suffrage Alliance 2515:, an authoritative commentary on the 21744:Progressive Era in the United States 21405: 20230: 14550:House Electors Qualifications Clause 14191:"The March of the Women" (1910 song) 13919:List of suffragists and suffragettes 13782:Women's Coronation Procession (1911) 12726: 11569:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 11566:Woman Suffrage and the New Democracy 11176: 11074: 10746: 9983: 9889: 9349:"Who Is the League of Women Voters?" 9126: 9039: 8690: 8560: 8131: 7899: 7803:Johnson, Katanga (August 18, 2020). 6696:"The Rights and Conditions of Women" 5931:Katz, Elizabeth D. (July 30, 2021). 5930: 5926: 5924: 5922: 5920: 5918: 5916: 5914: 5912: 5910: 5908: 5754:Timeline of women's suffrage in Utah 5603:Timeline of women's suffrage in Ohio 5428:Minnesota Woman Suffrage Association 5320:Timeline of women's suffrage in Iowa 5294:League of Women Voters of Naperville 4967:List of suffragists and suffragettes 4496:teach other women how to vote, 1936. 3674: 3655:Blackwell's ally in this effort was 3552: 3425: 2709:, soon to be married to philosopher 2371:A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 20840:American Woman Suffrage Association 20733:Nora Stanton Barney (granddaughter) 20566:National Woman Suffrage Association 20261:National Woman Suffrage Association 14367:Women's rights in the United States 11061: 11028: 10978: 10757:. Indianapolis, Indiana. p. 27 10248:Morris, Mildred (August 19, 1920). 9995:University of Massachusetts Amherst 9000: 8272:Dubois, ed. (1992) pp. 182, 188–191 7831:Seiger, Theresa (August 18, 2020). 7779: 6812:McMillen (2008), pp. 88–89, 238–239 5886:Temkin, Moshik (January 22, 2024). 5389:Maryland Woman Suffrage Association 4458:Effects of the Nineteenth Amendment 4405:United States presidential election 4160: School, bond, or tax suffrage 4109: 4056:The National Citizen and Ballot Box 3604:United Daughters of the Confederacy 3529:General Federation of Women's Clubs 3405:General Federation of Women's Clubs 3022:the Republicans to the short-lived 3000:1868 Democratic National Convention 2939:American Woman Suffrage Association 2919:National Woman Suffrage Association 2684:National Women's Rights Conventions 2512:Commentaries on the Laws of England 2489:, who delivered her famous speech " 2267: 13: 21307:Women's Social and Political Union 21115:Women's Social and Political Union 20835:National Women's Rights Convention 20769:National Women's Rights Convention 20455:National Women's Rights Convention 20440:1873 trial for unauthorized voting 18445:Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act 18435:Assassination of James A. Garfield 14947:Northern Mariana Islands residents 14529:Voting rights in the United States 14161:National Voting Rights Museum (US) 14125:Women's Suffrage National Monument 13941:Historiography of the Suffragettes 13895:Selma to Montgomery marches (1965) 12702:"Recent Strides Of Woman Suffrage" 12685: 12578: 12263:Wheeler, Marjorie Spruill (1993). 12217:Ward, Geoffrey C., with essays by 12140:Valk, Anne; Brown, Leslie (2010). 12005:and Scott, Andrew MacKay (1982). 11403:American Indians, American Justice 11359:(Cambridge UP, 2016). xiv, 316 pp. 11274:. Uppsala, Sweden: Iustus Förlag. 10167:Spruill Wheeler, Marjorie (1995). 9782:(Montana Historical Society, 2002) 9105: 9052:"Colored Women in Suffrage Parade" 8976:"Colored women in Suffrage Parade" 8873:(1990) 59#4 pp: 507–522 esp p. 508 7125:. PBS (Public Broadcasting System) 6599:, p.134. New York: Random House. 5937:Yale Journal of Law & Feminism 5671:Women's suffrage in South Carolina 5246:Georgia Woman Suffrage Association 3471:prohibition of alcoholic beverages 3297:Women's Christian Temperance Union 2860:both African Americans and women. 2800:National Women's Rights Convention 2551:Early backing for women's suffrage 2495:National Women's Rights Convention 2165:Women's Christian Temperance Union 2134:National Women's Rights Convention 14: 21755: 21641:Turning Point Suffragist Memorial 20728:Harriot Stanton Blatch (daughter) 20561:American Equal Rights Association 20470:Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America 20465:Susan B. Anthony abortion dispute 20256:American Equal Rights Association 18477:Assassination of William McKinley 15996:Director of National Intelligence 14708:Federal Voting Assistance Program 14053:Turning Point Suffragist Memorial 12770: 12478:. Vol. 91. pp. 365–394. 12474:Palczewski, Catherine H. (2005). 11940:Universidad Complutense de Madrid 11924:Rivera López, Lizbeth L. (2016). 11741:Morra, Linda G. (June 20, 1991). 11460:Woman Suffrage and Women's Rights 11151:Jabour, Anya (January 24, 2020). 11048:Women's Vote Centennial 1920–2020 11041: 10535:"Report: Obstacles at Every Turn" 9880:Flexner (1959), pp. 302, 381 n. 6 9494: 9476:. U.S. Department of the Interior 9319:Ross-Nazzal, Jennifer M. (2011). 9174:. Oxford Research Encyclopedias. 9064:from the original on May 11, 2017 8894:Kraditor (1965). footnote p. 164. 8806:Marjorie Spruill Wheeler (1993). 8672:(2002) 11#4 pp: 675–690 at p. 681 8605:Flexner (1959), pp. 247, 282, 290 7981:Dubois and Dumenil (2009), p. 326 6316:. National Archives. May 16, 2019 6242:Oklahoma Historical Society | OHS 5905: 5892:The Commons Social Change Library 5787:Equal Suffrage League of Virginia 5347:Kentucky Equal Rights Association 5226:League of Women Voters of Florida 5087:League of Women Voters of Alabama 4197:, endorsed women's suffrage. The 4162:(vote only in special elections) 4148:(vote only in primary elections) 4029:Kentucky Equal Rights Association 3840:Woman Suffrage Procession of 1913 3092:United States v. Susan B. Anthony 3058:New Jersey, a center for radical 2808:American Equal Rights Association 2794:American Equal Rights Association 2461:. Early female speakers included 2423:women accepted as members of the 21624: 21040: 20718:Henry Brewster Stanton (husband) 20675:Women's Rights Pioneers Monument 20401:Douglass–Anthony Memorial Bridge 20371:Women's Rights Pioneers Monument 20184: 20175: 20174: 20139: 20138: 18696:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 18489:Nadir of American race relations 18368:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln 16152:Government Accountability Office 15115:Ranked-choice voting in the U.S. 15032:Women's poll tax repeal movement 14204:"Sister Suffragette" (1964 song) 14002:Women's Rights Pioneers Monument 13848:Woman Suffrage Procession (1913) 13818:Declaration of Sentiments (1848) 12425:McConnaughy, Corrine M. (2013). 12420:. University of Wisconsin Press. 12281: 12252:, University of Illinois Press. 12168:Citizenship of the United States 11759:from the original on May 6, 2021 11706:McMillen, Sally Gregory (2008). 11532:Carrie Catt: Feminist Politician 11391:The Grounding of Modern Feminism 11170: 11144: 11119: 11093: 10952: 10939: 10919: 10897: 10875: 10740: 10603: 10583: 10569: 10555: 10541: 10527: 10513: 10290: 10274: 10261: 10210: 10185: 10121: 10066: 10052: 10038: 10024: 10010: 9977: 9940: 9926: 9912: 9906:10.1111/j.1467-9477.2012.00294.x 9883: 9874: 9861: 9852: 9840: 9809: 9797: 9772: 9760: 9748: 9736: 9724: 9712: 9700: 9688: 9679: 9670: 9661: 9652: 9640: 9631: 9619: 9605: 9593: 9581: 9572: 9563: 9554: 9548:Rakow and Kramarae eds. (2001), 9542: 9515: 9488: 9467: 9461: 9447: 9435: 9423: 9414: 9402: 9384: 9375: 9363: 9341: 9300: 9288: 9264: 9252:. Britannica Online Encyclopedia 9242: 9230: 9218: 9203: 9159: 9150: 9147:Zahniser and Fry (2014). p. 149. 9135:Zahniser and Fry (2014). p. 144. 9020: 8994: 8968: 8942: 8924: 8921:Zahniser and Fry (2014). p. 140. 8915: 8906: 8897: 8888: 8876: 8863: 8851: 8839: 8826: 8799: 8783: 8767: 8754: 8745: 8732: 8719: 8684: 8675: 8652: 8636: 8624: 8608: 8599: 8590: 8581: 8554: 8527: 8496: 8471: 8459: 8434: 8416: 8397:Martin, David A. (Spring 2005). 8376: 8354: 8342: 8330: 8321: 8312: 8299: 8287: 8275: 8266: 8257: 8248: 8239: 8230: 8194: 8182: 8169: 8157: 8143:: Log Cabin Books. p. 138. 8125: 8108: 8096: 8087: 8075: 8032: 8023: 8014: 7997: 7984: 7975: 7950: 7941: 7929: 7920: 7893: 7881: 7857: 7824: 7796: 7773: 7746: 7706: 7697: 7688: 7676: 7667: 7625: 7613: 7601: 7589: 7576: 7564: 7551: 7538: 7514: 7502: 7486: 7473: 7464: 7451: 7448:Quoted in Dudden (2011), p. 149. 7435: 7423: 7417:Rakow and Kramarae eds. (2001), 7396: 7390:Rakow and Kramarae eds. (2001), 7384: 7058:Dumenil, Lynn, Editor-in-Chief, 6142:"How Arizona women won the vote" 6140:Brammell, Kasey (July 7, 2020). 5726:Texas Equal Suffrage Association 5688:Women's suffrage in South Dakota 5654:Women's suffrage in Rhode Island 5637:Women's suffrage in Pennsylvania 5581:Women's suffrage in North Dakota 4972:List of women's rights activists 4819:"Queering the suffrage movement" 4701:Changes in the voting population 4629:received clarification from the 4580:in 1924 with the passage of the 4218:Leslie Woman Suffrage Commission 3930:National Council of Women Voters 3814:delegation's sole black member, 3029: 2600:Early women's rights conventions 2063: 1595:Democratic Republic of the Congo 929:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 45: 18398:First transcontinental railroad 14659:U.S. Commission on Civil Rights 14577:Privileges or Immunities Clause 14017:Kate Sheppard National Memorial 13777:Battle of Downing Street (1910) 13420:1902 Commonwealth Franchise Act 12569:Vacca, Carolyn Summers (2004). 11208: 11100:Salam, Maya (August 14, 2020). 10905:"Women in National Parliaments" 10128:Imsande, Jennifer Lynn (2006). 9166:Rabinovitch-Fox, Einav (2017). 8912:Wheeler, ed. (1995). pp. 31–32. 7703:DuBois, ed. (1992), pp. 101–106 7673:DuBois (1998), pp. 100, 119–120 7371: 7355: 7343: 7327: 7315: 7303: 7287: 7274: 7262: 7250: 7238: 7225: 7213: 7201: 7188: 7176: 7164: 7152: 7110: 7101: 7092: 7076: 7052: 7040: 7031: 7007: 6998: 6989: 6980: 6971: 6962: 6953: 6944: 6934: 6925: 6916: 6907: 6898: 6885: 6876: 6867: 6850: 6841: 6815: 6806: 6794: 6785: 6776: 6764: 6752: 6740: 6723: 6720:Quoted in Million (2003), p. 99 6714: 6705: 6687: 6675: 6666: 6654: 6645: 6621: 6609: 6583: 6571: 6562: 6550: 6541: 6532: 6520: 6508: 6499: 6490: 6465: 6446: 6437: 6425: 6399: 6387: 6375: 6359: 6306: 6280: 6255: 6230: 6205: 6184: 6159: 6133: 6120:Oregon State Capitol Foundation 6108: 5459:Missouri League of Women Voters 4952:California Proposition 4 (1911) 4879:with Susan B. Anthony's niece, 3506:, made their opposition clear. 3398:Catt noted the rapidly growing 2900:instead. Despite opposition by 2389:Woman in the Nineteenth Century 2368:wrote a pioneering book called 2272:For a chronological guide, see 21249:1913 Woman Suffrage Procession 21231: 20991:1913 Woman Suffrage Procession 20973: 20819: 20743:James Livingston (grandfather) 20584:International Council of Women 20279:International Council of Women 17795:Separation of church and state 16011:National Reconnaissance Office 15954:President of the United States 14937:District of Columbia residents 14867:Multiple non-transferable vote 14790:Voter registration in the U.S. 14735:Election Assistance Commission 14555:Congressional Elections Clause 13828:Ohio Women's Convention (1850) 13813:Seneca Falls Convention (1848) 12206:New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 12084:Terborg-Penn, Rosalyn (1987). 12057:Terborg-Penn, Rosalyn (1998). 11968:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: 11892:(1). San Germán, Puerto Rico: 11529:Fowler, Robert Booth (1986). 11371:University of Pittsburgh Press 11335:University of Notre Dame Press 11258:. New York: Ballantine Books. 10975:, 1999, vol. 107, no. 6, pt. 1 10747:Hull, Harwood (May 28, 1928). 10192:Scott, Thomas A., ed. (1995). 10075:Tennessee Historical Quarterly 9893:Scandinavian Political Studies 9637:Graham (1996), pp. 57, 112–113 8791:Tennessee Historical Quarterly 8540:. Harvard UP. pp. 31–32. 8245:Dubois, ed. (1992) pp. 178–180 6396:. Retrieved February 27, 2021 6083: 6058: 6032: 6007: 5879: 5859: 5797:Women's suffrage in Washington 5739:Texas Equal Rights Association 5542:Women's suffrage in New Mexico 5525:Women's suffrage in New Jersey 5148:Women's suffrage in California 4823:During the celebration of the 4635:island's unincorporated status 4155:(vote only in city elections) 4115:New Zealand enfranchised women 4072:, to represent its viewpoint. 4033:Madeline McDowell Breckinridge 3460:Opposition to women's suffrage 3256:Initial successes and failures 2848:, opened the AERA campaign in 2027:Women's suffrage organizations 1: 21591:Evelyn Wotherspoon Wainwright 20874:Women's Loyal National League 20555:Women's Loyal National League 20250:Women's Loyal National League 15120:National Voting Rights Museum 14730:Help America Vote Act of 2002 14465:Married Women's Property Acts 14412:State equal rights amendments 12503:Stevenson, Louise L. (1979). 12389:Jablonsky, Thomas J. (1994). 11962:Roy-Féquière, Magali (2004). 11586:. Hill and Wang, New York. 11400:; Lytle, Clifford M. (1983). 9569:McMillen (2008), pp. 208, 224 9083:Gallagher, Robert A. (1974). 8658:"The Uprising of the Women," 8567:. NYU Press. pp. 34–35. 8254:McMillen (2008), pp. 228, 231 7631:DuBois (1998), pp. 98–99, 117 7535:Cited in Dudden (2011), p. 93 5853: 5825:Women's suffrage in Wisconsin 5044:Women in United States juries 4106:, an experienced journalist. 3885:College Equal Suffrage League 2774:Women's Loyal National League 2767:Women's Loyal National League 2751:Anthony–Stanton collaboration 2545:American Anti-Slavery Society 2534:married women's property laws 2425:American Anti-Slavery Society 2392:, a key document in American 2285: 21526:Sophie Gooding Rose Meredith 19566:Hispanic and Latino American 18420:Second Industrial Revolution 18254:Nat Turner's slave rebellion 17960:Exploration of North America 17886:History of the United States 16157:Government Publishing Office 15625:Technological and industrial 14983:Timeline of women's suffrage 13934:in majority-Muslim countries 13924:Timeline of women's suffrage 13863:Silent Sentinels (1917–1919) 13792:Open Christmas Letter (1914) 13741:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests 13313: 12878:from the Library of Congress 12398:Kenneally, James J. (1967). 12183:Venet, Wendy Hamand (1991). 12165:Van Dyne, Frederick (1904). 12115:Torres Rivera, Juan (2009). 11773:National Academy of Sciences 11748:(Report). Washington, D.C.: 11563:Graham, Sara Hunter (1996). 11369:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: 11246:(2002) 11 essays by scholars 11215:Arnold, Kathleen R. (2011). 10968:Journal of Political Economy 9658:Graham (1996), pp. 84–85, 88 9007:Online Archive of California 8903:Wheeler, ed. (1995). p. 147. 8587:Flexner (1959), pp. 252, 271 8503:Richardson, Belinda (2007). 7871:. New York: Facts on File. 6986:Million (2003), pp. 109, 121 6959:Million (2003), pp. 136–137. 6873:Million (2003), pp. 104, 106 6577:Harper (1898–1908), Vol. 1, 6568:McMillen (2008), pp. 117–118 6547:Million (2003), pp. 1, 91–92 6335:Chapin, Judge Henry (1881). 5777:Women's suffrage in Virginia 5449:Women's suffrage in Missouri 5284:Women's suffrage in Illinois 5199:Women's suffrage in Delaware 5168:Women's suffrage in Colorado 5131:Women's suffrage in Arkansas 5029:Timeline of women's suffrage 4962:List of American suffragists 4792:Journal of Political Economy 4775:Education Amendments of 1972 4655:Supreme Court of Puerto Rico 4184:The reform campaigns of the 3829: 3318: 3309:American Federation of Labor 2927:Frances Ellen Watkins Harper 2406:journal that Fuller edited. 2157:Frances Ellen Watkins Harper 2012:Suffragists and suffragettes 1942:American feminist literature 7: 20681:Johnstown, New York, statue 19090:Indictments of Donald Trump 18281:First Industrial Revolution 18115:Declaration of Independence 18105:Second Continental Congress 17629:Women's reproductive health 16595:Federally recognized tribes 16458:Public utilities commission 16362:Public Health Service Corps 16265:Code of Federal Regulations 16147:Congressional Budget Office 16001:Central Intelligence Agency 15907:Water supply and sanitation 15334:Declaration of Independence 15037:History of direct democracy 15027:Selma to Montgomery marches 14770:Initiatives and referendums 14480:Police abuse of sex workers 14304:New Zealand ten-dollar note 13971:(Emmeline Pankhurst statue) 13885:"Give Us the Ballot" (1957) 13823:Rochester Convention (1848) 13608:Constitutional amendments: 13394:Women's liberation movement 12730:We Demand the Right to Vote 12416:Marshall, Susan E. (1997). 12362:Journal of Southern History 11699:Lemay, Kate Clarke (2019). 11598:Hacker, Meg (Spring 2014). 11552:. New York: Facts on File. 11549:Women's Suffrage in America 11426:Journal of Law and Politics 10591:"Today in History – June 2" 9950:Political Science Quarterly 9578:Fowler (1986), pp. 117, 119 9503:. Encyclopedia of Louisiana 9085:"I Was Arrested, Of Course" 8762:Journal of Southern History 8263:Flexner (1959), pp. 212–213 7694:DuBois (1998), pp. 100, 122 7098:Million (2003), pp. 234–235 6904:Million (2003), pp. 109–110 6791:McMillen (2008), pp. 99–100 5983:Burlingame, Dwight (2004). 5842:Women's suffrage in Wyoming 5469:Women's suffrage in Montana 5216:Women's suffrage in Florida 5114:Women's suffrage in Arizona 5077:Women's suffrage in Alabama 4930: 4765:Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921 4271:, three additional states ( 4253:Council of National Defense 4246:The entry of the U.S. into 4139: Presidential suffrage 3693:racism in the United States 3602:, president of the Georgia 3121:of the ratification of the 2647:, including the well-known 1252:Views on transgender topics 1242:Views on sexual orientation 10: 21760: 19687: 19449: 19111: 18982:Killing of Osama bin Laden 18070:First Continental Congress 17915: 16807:Red states and blue states 16712:City commission government 16707:Council–manager government 14857:First-past-the-post voting 14627:U.S. Department of Justice 13843:Suffrage Hikes (1912–1914) 12871:Cornell University Library 12607:and Dumenil, Lynn (2009). 12542:Journal of Women's History 12536:Thurner, Manuela. (1993). 12433:Cambridge University Press 12325:Review of Goodier, Susan, 12288:Benjamin, Anne M. (1992). 12235:. New York: Alfred Knopf. 11296:A Complete History of Guam 11126:Faderman, Lillian (1999). 9685:Fowler (1986), pp. 118–119 9224:Quoted in Schultz (2013), 8954:Smithsonian Because of Her 8691:Blee, Kathleen M. (1999). 8644:Catholic Historical Review 8534:Michael A. Lerner (2009). 7037:Ginzberg (2009), pp. 76–77 6847:McMillen (2008), pp. 95–97 6627:Victoria E. Bynum (1992). 6505:Million (2003), pp. 40, 45 6294:. University of Washington 6040:"Women's Suffrage in Utah" 5497:Women's suffrage in Nevada 5256:Women's suffrage in Hawaii 5097:Women's suffrage in Alaska 4598:not guaranteed in practice 4542:Naturalization Act of 1790 4504:The suffrage organization 4315: 4251:Women's Committee for the 4214:Mrs. Frank (Miriam) Leslie 4141:(vote only for president) 3880:New suffrage organizations 3703:forced a division between 3134: 3103:1872 presidential election 2921:(NWSA). In November 1869, 2278: 2271: 2119:United States Constitution 21649: 21633: 21622: 21413: 21347: 21315: 21299: 21239: 21173: 21123: 21102: 21049: 21038: 20981: 20908: 20887: 20866: 20848: 20827: 20751: 20710: 20656: 20635: 20619: 20601:History of Woman Suffrage 20592: 20543: 20534:Declaration of Sentiments 20520: 20432: 20409: 20337: 20311: 20296:History of Woman Suffrage 20287: 20238: 20160: 20126: 20070: 20034: 20022: 19761: 19735: 19697: 19693: 19682: 19455: 19444: 19117: 19106: 18972: 18875: 18803: 18704: 18615: 18566:Wall Street Crash of 1929 18497: 18378: 18363:Emancipation Proclamation 18294: 18217: 18165: 18132:Articles of Confederation 18085: 17970:Native American epidemics 17950: 17925: 17921: 17910: 17892: 17816: 17642: 17515: 17447: 17100: 17096: 17087: 17035: 16900: 16891: 16787: 16758: 16735: 16674: 16641: 16632: 16575: 16563:Comparison of governments 16538: 16501: 16478: 16394: 16374: 16305: 16243: 16165: 16088: 15946: 15937: 15933: 15924: 15646: 15637: 15582: 15542:Post-Cold War (1991–2008) 15383:drafting and ratification 15356:Articles of Confederation 15269: 15203: 15194: 15045: 14993:Woman Suffrage Procession 14965: 14884: 14849: 14803: 14752: 14745: 14681:Voting Rights Act of 1965 14617: 14535: 14470:Pregnant patients' rights 14436:Fetal protection policies 14373: 14311:(2020 U.S. commemorative) 14174: 14148: 14130:International Women's Day 13907: 13805: 13749: 13648: 13641: 13402: 13321: 13233: 12970: 12897:Digitized items from the 12040:History of Woman Suffrage 11777:National Research Council 11729:, Westport, CT: Praeger. 11723:Million, Joelle. (2003). 11670:Kerber, Linda K. (1998). 11652:Hewitt, Nancy A. (2001). 11580:Ginzberg, Lori D (2009). 11408:University of Texas Press 11363:Clark, Truman R. (1975). 11301:Charles E. Tuttle Company 10913:Inter-Parliamentary Union 10843:Carano & Sanchez 1980 9522:Hollingsworth, Randolph. 8561:Rose, Kenneth D. (1997). 8360:Graham (1996), pp. 81, 86 8327:Dubois, ed. (1992) p. 178 8200:Flexner (1959), pp. 208–9 7784:. Federal Judicial Center 7733:. Federal Judicial Center 7650:. Federal Judicial Center 7508:Quoted in Gordon (2000), 6615:Quoted in Gordon (2000), 5962:. ABC-CLIO. p. 963. 5716:Women's suffrage in Texas 5368:Women's suffrage in Maine 4811:, and larger government. 4631:Bureau of Insular Affairs 4596:. Universal suffrage was 4578:granted the right to vote 4562:Voting Rights Act of 1965 4380:general elections of 1920 4208:In 1917, Catt received a 3780:Mrs. Harriett G. Marshall 3768:Mary Church Terrell 3740:Emancipation Proclamation 3687:, had its genesis in the 3143:History of Woman Suffrage 3137:History of Woman Suffrage 3130:History of Woman Suffrage 3101:by casting a vote in the 2856:in that state that would 2682:The first in a series of 2661:Declaration of Sentiments 2043:Women's rights by country 949:Female genital mutilation 20052:Northern Mariana Islands 18625:Strike wave of 1945–1946 17582:Prescription drug prices 16702:Mayor–council government 16692:Coterminous municipality 16682:Consolidated city-county 16448:Agriculture commissioner 16098:House of Representatives 16006:National Security Agency 15656:Contiguous United States 14932:American Samoa residents 14671:Civil Rights Act of 1960 14654:Civil Rights Act of 1957 14214:Women's suffrage in film 14185:The Women's Marseillaise 14073:Suffragette Handkerchief 13951:Women's rights activists 13731:Hong Kong 1 July marches 13263:Northern Mariana Islands 12916:Cleveland Public Library 12832:August 23, 2016, at the 12297:Goodier, Susan. (2013). 12246:Wellman, Judith (2004). 12067:Indiana University Press 11787:National Academies Press 11492:Dudden, Faye E. (2011). 11325:Cartagena, Juan (2017). 10961:and Lawrence W. Kenny, " 10400:Deloria & Lytle 1983 9791:Scott and Scott (1982), 9731:Defending The Ballot Box 9646:Scott and Scott (1982), 9625:Scott and Scott (1982), 9599:Scott and Scott (1982), 9441:Scott and Scott (1982), 9408:Scott and Scott (1982), 9381:Ward (1999), pp. 214–215 9351:. League of Women Voters 8465:Scott and Scott (1982), 8431:, 17, 20, 22 (1915). 8348:Scott and Scott (1982), 8318:Graham (1996), pp. 36–37 8293:Scott and Scott (1982), 8281:Scott and Scott (1982), 7595:Scott and Scott (1982), 6856:Wellman, Judith (2008). 6782:Dubois, ed. (1992) p. 13 6660:Scott and Scott (1982), 6471:Joan Von Mehren (1996). 5749:Women's suffrage in Utah 5598:Women's suffrage in Ohio 5315:Women's suffrage in Iowa 4747:In 2021, Vice President 4691:Northern Mariana Islands 4650:Milagros Benet de Mewton 4358:House of Representatives 4267:, despite the threat of 4153: Municipal suffrage 4027:stated in a debate with 3996:In 1916 Paul formed the 3838:Official program of the 3719:, and Anna Howard Shaw. 3438:Expatriation Act of 1907 3434:Expatriation Act of 1907 3024:Liberal Republican Party 2964:Reconstruction amendment 2688:Worcester, Massachusetts 2306:adopted the doctrine of 2048:Feminists by nationality 2022:Women's studies journals 2017:Women's rights activists 735:Movements and ideologies 21611:Margaret Fay Whittemore 21556:Elizabeth Selden Rogers 21491:Alison Turnbull Hopkins 20528:Seneca Falls Convention 20347:Susan B. Anthony dollar 19587:Middle Eastern American 19404:Technology and industry 18274:Seneca Falls Convention 18075:Continental Association 17975:Settlement of Jamestown 17667:Criticism of government 17012:Social welfare programs 16605:State-recognized tribes 15590:Outline of U.S. history 15302:Continental Association 14637:Enforcement Act of 1870 14572:Equal Protection Clause 14315:2020 US ten-dollar bill 14299:Susan B. Anthony dollar 14236:Not for Ourselves Alone 13858:Suffrage Special (1916) 13787:Great Pilgrimage (1913) 13736:2014 Hong Kong protests 13334:Right to run for office 12407:Maddux, Kristy (2004). 12356:Green, Elna C. (1999). 12094:Howard University Press 12023:Stanton, Elizabeth Cady 11970:Temple University Press 11874:Rivera Lassén, Ana Irma 11861:. New York: Routledge. 11320:(subscription required) 11270:Carlson, Laura (2007). 10949:, Hill and Wang, (1995) 9560:McMillen (2008), p. 210 9278:. New York: Routledge. 8764:(1972) 38#3 pp. 365–392 8681:McMillen (2008), p. 223 8662:May 5, 1912, quoted in 8369:Tsiang, I-Mien (1942). 8093:McMillen (2008), p. 207 8041:The Journal of Politics 7947:McMillen (2008), p. 218 7926:Ginzberg (2009), p. 120 7523:"What the South can do" 7107:McMillen (2008), p. 149 7004:McMillen (2008), p. 113 6977:Million (2003), p. 245. 6968:Barry (1988), pp. 79–80 6950:McMillen (2008), p. 123 6931:McMillen (2008), p. 116 6913:McMillen (2008), p. 115 6882:McMillen (2008), p. 110 6538:McMillen (2008), p. 120 4921:Sophonisba Breckenridge 4035:, raise the spectre of 3733:With the prevalence of 3290:The Journal of Politics 3099:Enforcement Act of 1870 3053:Votes for Women pennant 2909:The Fifteenth Amendment 2645:Quaker social activists 2629:Seneca Falls Convention 2613:Seneca Falls convention 2329:Uxbridge, Massachusetts 2312: 2252:, some of whom went on 2201:, in 1869, followed by 2130:Seneca Falls Convention 1436:International relations 297:Intersectional variants 21657:National Woman's Party 21486:Florence Bayard Hilles 21273:National Woman's Party 21027:Equal Rights Amendment 21010:National Woman's Party 20916:Henry Browne Blackwell 20723:Theodore Stanton (son) 20514:Elizabeth Cady Stanton 20242:Elizabeth Cady Stanton 19707:Admission to the Union 19073:Afghanistan withdrawal 19068:January 6 insurrection 18987:Rise in mass shootings 18959:Virginia Tech shooting 18512:Paris Peace Conference 18286:Second Great Awakening 18025:American Enlightenment 17729:Environmental movement 17572:Health insurance costs 17467:Educational attainment 16992:Federal Reserve System 16950:Science and technology 16453:Insurance commissioner 15991:Intelligence Community 15686:minor outlying islands 15449:Civil rights movement 14642:Second Enforcement Act 14407:Equal Rights Amendment 13982:Elizabeth Cady Stanton 13631:1965 Voting Rights Act 12748:Weiss, Elaine (2018). 12727:Wall, Meneese (2020). 12554:10.1353/jowh.2010.0279 12117:"Genara Pagán de Arce" 11938:(PhD). Madrid, Spain: 11859:Women's Source Library 11315: – via 10007:(Quote from abstract.) 9756:pp. 192, 194, 200, 207 8669:Women's History Review 8596:Flexner (1959), p. 294 8236:Flexner (1959), p. 213 8133:Dann, Norman Kingsford 8029:Flexner (1959), p. 168 7956:Norgren, Jill (2007). 7900:Mead, Rebecca (2004). 6735:Elizabeth Cady Stanton 6672:McMillen (2008), p. 57 6443:McMillen (2008), p. 32 4957:League of Women Voters 4781:Socio-economic effects 4582:Indian Citizenship Act 4551:Indian Citizenship Act 4518:Equal Rights Amendment 4514:National Woman's Party 4510:League of Women Voters 4497: 4473: 4415: 4399:narrowly ratified the 4345: 4337: 4228: 4181: 4146: Primary suffrage 3998:National Woman's Party 3993: 3948:National Woman's Party 3942:League of Women Voters 3924:Elizabeth Cady Stanton 3920:Harriet Stanton Blatch 3910: 3872: 3847: 3730: 3685:Elizabeth Cady Stanton 3641:Henry Browne Blackwell 3637: 3617: 3578: 3562: 3546: 3537:Josephine Jewell Dodge 3518:Women against suffrage 3490: 3454:James Clark McReynolds 3387: 3340: 3269: 3228: 3216: 3054: 2951: 2885: 2802:, the first since the 2786: 2760:Elizabeth Cady Stanton 2729: 2653:Elizabeth Cady Stanton 2624: 2622:Elizabeth Cady Stanton 2541:William Lloyd Garrison 2414: 2361: 2242:National Woman's Party 2149:Elizabeth Cady Stanton 1962:Conservative feminisms 1217:Bicycling and feminism 1193:Women in the workforce 1161:Violence against women 1136:Sexual objectification 1096:Opposition to feminism 353:Vegetarian ecofeminism 23: 21516:Anne Henrietta Martin 21466:Sarah Tarleton Colvin 20922:Alice Stone Blackwell 20423:Mary Stafford Anthony 19699:Territorial evolution 19063:George Floyd Protests 19046:Unite the Right rally 18915:Oklahoma City bombing 18910:Republican Revolution 18857:Space Shuttle program 18679:Civil Rights Movement 18647:North Atlantic Treaty 18455:Sherman Antitrust Act 18440:Chinese Exclusion Act 18030:French and Indian War 18020:Prelude to Revolution 18005:First Great Awakening 17965:European colonization 17555:Immigrant health care 17070:Transportation safety 17065:Transportation policy 17055:Public transportation 16125:President pro tempore 15981:Executive departments 15750:National Park Service 15405:Territorial evolution 15095:Elections in the U.S. 14952:Puerto Rico residents 14691:covered jurisdictions 14395:contraceptive mandate 13963:Belmont–Paul Monument 13890:Freedom Summer (1964) 13767:Women's Sunday (1908) 12509:New England Quarterly 12292:. Edwin Mellen Press. 12200:Walton, Mary (2010). 11886:Revista Jurídica UIPR 11822:Notre Dame Law Review 11611:. Washington, D. C.: 11351:Corder, J. Kevin and 11221:. Santa Barbara, CA: 10973:University of Chicago 10754:The Indianapolis Star 10460:Valk & Brown 2010 9858:Graham (1996), p. 146 9667:Fowler (1986), p. 143 9420:Fowler (1986), p. 146 9398:. September 26, 1918. 9114:. Library of Congress 8305:Stephen M. Buechler, 7525:. Library of Congress 7442:"The Anniversaries". 6922:Flexner (1959), p. 76 6829:. Library of Congress 6711:Million (2003), p. 72 4885:Alice Stone Blackwell 4833:Margaret 'Mike' Chung 4568:Native American women 4486:Franklin D. Roosevelt 4479: 4470: 4410: 4343: 4325: 4293:Willard Saulsbury Jr. 4226: 4127: 3989: 3908: 3870: 3837: 3725: 3629: 3612: 3568: 3560: 3541: 3488: 3383: 3348:Alice Stone Blackwell 3335: 3263: 3226: 3183: 3052: 3034:In 1869, Francis and 2947: 2883: 2782: 2725: 2620: 2448:Congregational Church 2409: 2357: 2320:Early voting activity 1992:Feminist rhetoricians 1982:Feminist philosophers 1534:Revisionist mythology 1237:Views on prostitution 1222:Criticism of marriage 912:Children's literature 21: 21481:Matilda Hall Gardner 21339:Lucy Burns Institute 21136:2012 ten-dollar coin 20900:Lucy Stone Home Site 20738:Daniel Cady (father) 20693:Elizabeth C. Stanton 20386:The Mother of Us All 20352:Susan B. Anthony Day 19613:Palestinian American 19040:Obergefell v. Hodges 18932:September 11 attacks 18768:Second-wave feminism 18689:Cuban Missile Crisis 18549:Bath School disaster 18467:Spanish–American War 18430:The Gospel of Wealth 18309:California Gold Rush 18269:Mexican–American War 18259:Nullification crisis 18227:Era of Good Feelings 18127:Confederation period 18035:Proclamation of 1763 17985:Atlantic slave trade 17724:Environmental issues 17389:Political ideologies 17288:Indigenous languages 16488:List of legislatures 16285:separation of powers 15986:Independent agencies 15912:World Heritage Sites 15547:September 11 attacks 15470:Spanish–American War 15410:Mexican–American War 15366:Confederation period 15297:Continental Congress 14228:Shoulder to Shoulder 14197:The Mother of Us All 14140:Women's Equality Day 14135:Susan B. Anthony Day 13989:Suffragette Memorial 13594:District of Columbia 13364:Non-resident citizen 12127:on November 15, 2019 12092:. Washington, D.C.: 12046:Teele, Dawn Langan. 12031:Gage, Matilda Joslyn 11949:on November 15, 2019 11911:on November 15, 2019 11785:. Washington, D.C.: 11428:24 (2008): 339–433. 11337:. pp. 216–231. 11075:Ware, Susan (2019). 10845:, pp. 176, 178. 10254:The Washington Times 9676:Graham (1996), p. 87 9156:Walton (2010), p. 72 9001:Fry, Amelia (1976). 8793:(1943) pp: 195–215. 8751:Goodier (2013) ch. 6 6651:Barry (1988), p. 259 6516:pp. 25–26, 42, 45–46 6314:"The 19th Amendment" 5989:. ABC-CLIO. p. 5062:Women's suffrage in 4831:(1884–1924) and Dr. 4809:progressive taxation 4594:moved to urban areas 4494:American Labor Party 4463:In the United States 4401:Nineteenth Amendment 4312:Nineteenth Amendment 4043:Suffrage periodicals 4020:New Southern Citizen 3816:Ida B. Wells-Barnett 3742:issued by President 3735:"racial" segregation 3727:Ida B. Wells-Barnett 3697:Fourteenth Amendment 3596:on August 18, 1920. 3446:Fourteenth Amendment 3278:hold certain offices 3266:Territory of Wyoming 3044:Fourteenth Amendment 3004:Fourteenth Amendment 2866:George Francis Train 2696:Paulina Wright Davis 2678:National conventions 2543:, the leader of the 2374:. In Boston in 1838 1972:Feminist art critics 1947:Feminist comic books 1904:Lists and categories 1583:By continent/country 1414:Pathways perspective 1297:Gender mainstreaming 1232:Views on pornography 1141:Substantive equality 1121:Reproductive justice 1071:Matriarchal religion 924:Diversity (politics) 860:Political lesbianism 170:Other women's rights 21596:Amelia Himes Walker 21576:Mary Church Terrell 21551:Alice Gram Robinson 21451:Lucy Gwynne Branham 20425:(sister, associate) 20417:Daniel Read Anthony 20062:U.S. Virgin Islands 19548:Lithuanian American 19504:Vietnamese American 18850:End of the Cold War 18840:Invasion of Grenada 18790:Iran hostage crisis 18539:Tulsa race massacre 18346:Election of Lincoln 18341:Dred Scott decision 18329:Kansas–Nebraska Act 18232:Missouri Compromise 18150:Northwest Ordinance 18140:Pennsylvania Mutiny 18135:and Perpetual Union 18095:American Revolution 18010:War of Jenkins' Ear 17567:Health care finance 17060:Rail transportation 16826:Imperial presidency 16548:State constitutions 16493:List of legislators 16443:Auditor/Comptroller 16416:Lieutenant governor 16142:Library of Congress 16033:Diplomatic Security 15676:Indian reservations 15339:American Revolution 14095:Hunger Strike Medal 13772:Black Friday (1910) 13273:U.S. Virgin Islands 12907:Library of Congress 12881:Maurer, Elizabeth. 12786:American Experience 12605:DuBois, Ellen Carol 12585:DuBois, Ellen Carol 11752:. Report B-217276. 11691:Kraditor, Aileen S. 11515:Century of Struggle 11475:DuBois, Ellen Carol 11455:DuBois, Ellen Carol 11435:DuBois, Ellen Carol 11353:Christina Wolbrecht 10932:The Washington Post 10713:, pp. 525–526. 10689:, pp. 536–537. 10596:Library of Congress 10498:, pp. 846–847. 10450:, pp. 251–252. 10378:, pp. 415–416. 10354:, pp. 413–415. 10296:Allan J. Lichtman, 9984:Behn, Beth (2012). 9822:National Geographic 9029:"Suffrage Paraders" 8936:Library of Congress 8384:"Mackenzie v. Hare" 8122:. Washington, D.C. 7295:pp. 80–81, 189, 196 7013:Sigerman, Harriet, 5055: 4887:was "betrothed" to 4845:Carrie Chapman Catt 4837:Alice Dunbar-Nelson 4759:Notable legislation 4646:insular legislature 4639:Organic Act of 1900 4608:In U.S. territories 4422:, president of the 4420:Carrie Chapman Catt 4133: Full suffrage 4065:The Woman's Tribune 4060:Matilda Joslyn Gage 3980:Congressional Union 3850:The concept of the 3717:Carrie Chapman Catt 3701:Fifteenth Amendment 3392:Carrie Chapman Catt 3385:Carrie Chapman Catt 3167:Fifteenth Amendment 3083:Minor v. Happersett 3016:equal pay for women 3014:divorce reform and 2956:Fifteenth Amendment 2894:Fifteenth Amendment 2581:Rochester, New York 2366:Mary Wollstonecraft 2262:Carrie Chapman Catt 2186:Minor v. Happersett 2139:The first national 2070:Feminism portal 1977:Feminist economists 1967:Ecofeminist authors 1772:Trinidad and Tobago 1712:Republic of Ireland 1404:Composition studies 1171:Women's empowerment 1126:Sex workers' rights 1051:Feminist capitalism 1031:Internalized sexism 964:Feminism in culture 72:History of feminism 21685:Jailed for Freedom 21669:Occoquan Workhouse 21147:Jailed for Freedom 20703:(1999 documentary) 20530:, 1848, co-founder 20397:(1999 documentary) 20378:Jailed for Freedom 19712:Historical regions 19668:Transgender people 19226:Capital punishment 19085:Support of Ukraine 19034:Black Lives Matter 18942:War in Afghanistan 18867:Invasion of Panama 18823:Iran–Contra affair 18684:Early–mid Cold War 18554:Harlem Renaissance 18413:Compromise of 1877 18388:Reconstruction era 18324:Fugitive Slave Act 18319:Compromise of 1850 18264:Westward expansion 18202:Louisiana Purchase 18045:Stamp Act Congress 17990:King William's War 17677:affirmative action 17650:Capital punishment 17609:Poverty and health 17604:Physician shortage 17577:Health care prices 17507:Standard of living 17190:standard of living 16997:Financial position 16624:Hawaiian home land 16612:Indian reservation 16585:Tribal sovereignty 16428:Secretary of state 16297:United States Code 16213:Territorial courts 16185:Associate Justices 16070:Inspector generals 15557:War in Afghanistan 15420:Reconstruction era 15287:Stamp Act Congress 15140:Voter registration 15016:Give Us the Ballot 14912:Transgender people 14816:Grandfather clause 14780:Provisional ballot 14238:(1999 documentary) 14105:Suffrage jewellery 13329:Universal suffrage 12227:Ellen Carol DuBois 12148:Palgrave Macmillan 12069:. pp. 41–56. 11635:Harper, Ida Husted 11106:The New York Times 10723:Rivera Lassén 2010 10699:Rivera Lassén 2010 10675:Torres Rivera 2009 10523:. August 18, 2020. 9396:The New York Times 9106:Harvey, Sheridan. 8980:The Times Dispatch 8774:Aileen S. Kraditor 8309:(1986) pp. 154–157 8141:Hamilton, New York 7780:Anthony, Susan B. 7333:"Woman Suffrage," 7117:Judith E. Harper. 6019:www.wyohistory.org 5872:The New York Times 5054: 4865:Mary Austin Sperry 4622:Danish West Indies 4498: 4474: 4346: 4338: 4229: 4212:of $ 900,000 from 4199:socialist movement 4195:Theodore Roosevelt 4182: 4119:California in 1911 4070:Clara Bewick Colby 4037:Reconstruction Era 3994: 3974:formed a separate 3911: 3873: 3848: 3788:Carrie W. Clifford 3764:May Howard Jackson 3731: 3665:Frederick Douglass 3638: 3606:and leader of the 3600:Mildred Rutherford 3584:Aileen S. Kraditor 3579: 3575:Canadian provinces 3563: 3495:Political machines 3491: 3388: 3341: 3280:. The short-lived 3270: 3246:Belva Ann Lockwood 3229: 3217: 3171:machine politician 3075:Henry Ward Beecher 3055: 2974:Frederick Douglass 2952: 2949:Frederick Douglass 2902:Frederick Douglass 2898:universal suffrage 2886: 2839:universal suffrage 2827:universal suffrage 2823:Frederick Douglass 2787: 2730: 2716:Westminster Review 2657:Frederick Douglass 2625: 2517:English common law 2507:William Blackstone 2475:Abby Kelley Foster 2362: 2172:U.S. Supreme Court 1382:Literary criticism 1247:Views on sexuality 934:Effects on society 902:Complementarianism 877:Women's liberation 632:Religious variants 606:trans-exclusionary 324:Radical lesbianism 24: 21711: 21710: 21693:Iron Jawed Angels 21606:Sue Shelton White 21441:Mary Ritter Beard 21373: 21372: 21324:Iron Jawed Angels 21199: 21198: 21155:Iron Jawed Angels 21074:Inez Haynes Irwin 20941: 20940: 20895:Lucy Stone League 20787: 20786: 20667:Portrait Monument 20609:The Woman's Bible 20480: 20479: 20363:Portrait Monument 20198: 20197: 20156: 20155: 20152: 20151: 19717:American frontier 19678: 19677: 19608:Lebanese American 19593:Egyptian American 19528:Estonian American 19518:Albanian American 19512:European American 19489:Japanese American 19479:Filipino American 19440: 19439: 19102: 19101: 19098: 19097: 19051:COVID-19 pandemic 18954:Hurricane Katrina 18895:Los Angeles riots 18785:Watergate scandal 18630:Start of Cold War 18598:Manhattan Project 18185:Whiskey Rebellion 18015:King George's War 17980:Thirteen Colonies 17941:Pre-Columbian Era 17852: 17851: 17812: 17811: 17808: 17807: 17778:National security 17487:Income inequality 17367:Statue of Liberty 17170:income inequality 17083: 17082: 17075:Trucking industry 16887: 16886: 16883: 16882: 16814:Foreign relations 16802:Electoral College 16783: 16782: 16571: 16570: 16523:District attorney 16370: 16369: 16197:Courts of appeals 15920: 15919: 15633: 15632: 15574:COVID-19 pandemic 15527:Feminist Movement 15373:American frontier 15292:Thirteen Colonies 15153: 15152: 15100:Electoral College 14922:African Americans 14880: 14879: 14872:One man, one vote 14841:Voter suppression 14495: 14494: 14458:Same-sex marriage 14441:Gender inequality 14333: 14332: 14244:Iron Jawed Angels 14166:Umbrella Movement 14110:Suffragette penny 14024:Millicent Fawcett 13995:Portrait Monument 13903: 13902: 13757:WSPU march (1906) 13574:African Americans 13492:Spain (Civil War, 13384:Compulsory voting 13281: 13280: 12679:978-0-8135-2321-7 12619:978-0-312-46888-0 12466:978-0-8142-0882-3 12442:978-1-107-43396-0 12212:978-0-230-61175-7 12157:978-0-230-10987-2 12027:Anthony, Susan B. 12003:Scott, Anne Firor 11979:978-1-59213-231-7 11867:978-0-415-25689-6 11803:Neuman, Johanna. 11796:978-0-309-17858-7 11592:978-0-8090-9493-6 11504:978-0-19-977263-6 11487:978-1-5011-6516-0 11417:978-0-292-73834-8 11398:Deloria, Vine Jr. 11380:978-0-8229-7605-9 11344:978-0-268-10153-4 11310:978-0-8048-0114-0 11281:978-91-7678-646-8 11232:978-0-313-37521-7 10883:"Current Numbers" 10833:, pp. 59–60. 10831:Terborg-Penn 1987 10819:Terborg-Penn 1998 10806:, pp. 58–59. 10804:Terborg-Penn 1987 10792:Roy-Féquière 2004 10782:, pp. 43–45. 10735:Terborg-Penn 1998 10711:Rivera López 2016 10701:, pp. 42–43. 10687:Rivera López 2016 10639:Terborg-Penn 1998 10624:Terborg-Penn 1998 10414:, pp. 60–61. 10366:, pp. 56–61. 10339:, pp. 57–58. 10271:(1995) pp 98–144 9828:on April 21, 2020 9334:978-0-295-99086-6 9284:978-0-415-99776-8 9189:978-0-19-932917-5 9089:American Heritage 8956:. August 10, 2020 8618:(1962): 269–287. 8523:on June 17, 2016. 8429: 239 U.S. 299 8424:MacKenzie v. Hare 7935:McMillen (2008), 7379:pp. 173, 189, 196 6827:Teacher Resources 6802:pp. 193, 195, 203 6800:Wellman (2004), 6772:pp. 3, 72, 77, 84 6770:McMillen (2008), 6681:Wellman (2004), 6514:Flexner (1959), 6381:Wellman (2004), 5939:. Rochester, NY. 5851: 5850: 5003:Portrait Monument 4841:“Boston Marriage” 4731:Geraldine Ferraro 4708:voting gender gap 4663:Edith L. Williams 4512:and Alice Paul's 4490:Herbert H. Lehman 4191:Progressive Party 4179: No suffrage 4104:Rheta Childe Dorr 3978:group called the 3896:Inez Haynes Irwin 3868: 3756:Howard University 3752:Alpha Kappa Alpha 3675:Anti-black racism 3553:Southern strategy 3442:MacKenzie v. Hare 3440:in the 1915 case 3432:Section 3 of the 3427:MacKenzie v. Hare 3369:The Woman's Bible 3239:Victoria Woodhull 3221: 3220: 3198:Elizabeth Stanton 3157:In 1878, Senator 3147:Ida Husted Harper 3071:Victoria Woodhull 2960:U.S. Constitution 2589:Buffalo, New York 2404:transcendentalist 2292:Revolutionary War 2151:and the other by 2104: 2103: 2055: 2054: 1574: 1573: 1564:womanist theology 1507:Political ecology 1338:Écriture féminine 1265: 1264: 1156:Triple oppression 1146:Toxic masculinity 1131:Sexual harassment 991:Feminist stripper 969:Feminist movement 525: 524: 456:Africana womanism 287: 286: 21751: 21628: 21571:Betty Gram Swing 21561:Caroline Spencer 21501:Mary Hall Ingham 21436:Abby Scott Baker 21426:Nina E. Allender 21407:Silent Sentinels 21400: 21393: 21386: 21377: 21376: 21365:Women's suffrage 21279:Silent Sentinels 21266:Suffrage Special 21226: 21219: 21212: 21203: 21202: 21191:Women's suffrage 21044: 21015:Silent Sentinels 20968: 20961: 20954: 20945: 20944: 20933:Women's suffrage 20814: 20807: 20800: 20791: 20790: 20759:Women's suffrage 20547:Susan B. Anthony 20507: 20500: 20493: 20484: 20483: 20445:Women's suffrage 20232:Susan B. Anthony 20225: 20218: 20211: 20202: 20201: 20188: 20178: 20177: 20142: 20141: 20071:Outlying islands 20028:Washington, D.C. 20023:Federal District 19722:Manifest destiny 19695: 19694: 19684: 19683: 19626:Native Americans 19598:Iranian American 19572:Mexican American 19558:Serbian American 19543:Italian American 19533:Finnish American 19523:English American 19474:Chinese American 19461:African American 19446: 19445: 19251:Direct democracy 19241:The Constitution 19200:Higher education 19123:American Century 19108: 19107: 18561:Great Depression 18534:Women's suffrage 18524:Roaring Twenties 18450:Haymarket affair 18408:Enforcement Acts 18197:Jeffersonian era 18145:Shays' Rebellion 18065:Intolerable Acts 18060:Boston Tea Party 17995:Queen Anne's War 17923: 17922: 17912: 17911: 17879: 17872: 17865: 17856: 17855: 17832: 17825: 17712:African American 17594:Health insurance 17482:Household income 17352:National symbols 17283:American English 17256:Federal holidays 17165:household income 17098: 17097: 17094: 17093: 16898: 16897: 16836:Anti-Americanism 16760:Special district 16687:Independent city 16656:County executive 16639: 16638: 16433:Attorney general 16392: 16391: 16381:Federal District 15964:Executive Office 15944: 15943: 15935: 15934: 15931: 15930: 15691:populated places 15671:federal enclaves 15666:federal district 15644: 15643: 15507:American Century 15490:Great Depression 15485:Roaring Twenties 15445:Women's suffrage 15324:Halifax Resolves 15317:Founding Fathers 15312:military history 15277:Pre-colonial era 15201: 15200: 15180: 15173: 15166: 15157: 15156: 15110:Electoral system 15105:Electoral reform 15080:Disfranchisement 15068:Native Americans 15058:Campaign finance 15003:U.S. suffragists 14998:Silent Sentinels 14927:Native Americans 14750: 14749: 14647:Ku Klux Klan Act 14632:Enforcement Acts 14522: 14515: 14508: 14499: 14498: 14487:Women's suffrage 14360: 14353: 14346: 14337: 14336: 14156:Age of candidacy 14089:Holloway Jingles 14063:Pankhurst Centre 14034:(2008 sculpture) 13957:Leser v. Garnett 13762:Mud March (1907) 13646: 13645: 13579:Native Americans 13389:Disfranchisement 13308: 13301: 13294: 13285: 13284: 13248:Washington, D.C. 13235:Federal District 12957: 12950: 12943: 12934: 12933: 12765: 12744: 12733:. Meneese wall. 12723: 12721: 12719: 12714:(1): 14733–14745 12574: 12565: 12532: 12499: 12493: 12489: 12487: 12479: 12470: 12446: 12421: 12412: 12403: 12394: 12385: 12352: 12346: 12342: 12340: 12332: 12318: 12293: 12180: 12161: 12136: 12134: 12132: 12121:Puerta de Tierra 12111: 12080: 11983: 11958: 11956: 11954: 11948: 11942:. Archived from 11937: 11920: 11918: 11916: 11910: 11904:. Archived from 11883: 11845: 11843: 11841: 11800: 11768: 11766: 11764: 11758: 11747: 11687: 11631: 11629: 11627: 11604: 11510:Flexner, Eleanor 11421: 11384: 11348: 11321: 11314: 11289: 11236: 11203: 11202: 11174: 11168: 11167: 11165: 11163: 11148: 11142: 11141: 11123: 11117: 11116: 11114: 11112: 11097: 11091: 11090: 11072: 11059: 11058: 11056: 11054: 11039: 11026: 11025: 10985: 10976: 10956: 10950: 10943: 10937: 10936: 10923: 10917: 10916: 10901: 10895: 10894: 10892: 10890: 10879: 10873: 10867: 10858: 10852: 10846: 10840: 10834: 10828: 10822: 10816: 10807: 10801: 10795: 10789: 10783: 10777: 10771: 10770: 10764: 10762: 10744: 10738: 10732: 10726: 10720: 10714: 10708: 10702: 10696: 10690: 10684: 10678: 10672: 10666: 10660: 10654: 10648: 10642: 10636: 10627: 10621: 10615: 10614: 10607: 10601: 10600: 10587: 10581: 10580: 10573: 10567: 10566: 10559: 10553: 10552: 10545: 10539: 10538: 10531: 10525: 10524: 10517: 10511: 10505: 10499: 10493: 10487: 10481: 10475: 10469: 10463: 10457: 10451: 10448:McConnaughy 2013 10445: 10439: 10433: 10427: 10421: 10415: 10409: 10403: 10397: 10391: 10385: 10379: 10373: 10367: 10361: 10355: 10349: 10340: 10334: 10328: 10322: 10316: 10313:McConnaughy 2013 10310: 10301: 10294: 10288: 10278: 10272: 10265: 10259: 10257: 10245: 10236: 10232: 10214: 10208: 10207: 10189: 10183: 10182: 10164: 10155: 10151: 10132:(Ph.D. thesis). 10125: 10119: 10115: 10097: 10091: 10090: 10070: 10064: 10063: 10056: 10050: 10049: 10042: 10036: 10035: 10028: 10022: 10021: 10014: 10008: 10006: 9993:(Ph.D. thesis). 9992: 9981: 9975: 9974: 9944: 9938: 9937: 9930: 9924: 9923: 9916: 9910: 9909: 9887: 9881: 9878: 9872: 9869:Feminist Studies 9865: 9859: 9856: 9850: 9844: 9838: 9837: 9835: 9833: 9824:. Archived from 9813: 9807: 9801: 9795: 9789: 9783: 9776: 9770: 9768:pp. 276, 280–281 9766:Flexner (1959), 9764: 9758: 9752: 9746: 9742:Flexner (1959), 9740: 9734: 9728: 9722: 9716: 9710: 9704: 9698: 9694:Flexner (1959), 9692: 9686: 9683: 9677: 9674: 9668: 9665: 9659: 9656: 9650: 9644: 9638: 9635: 9629: 9623: 9617: 9616: 9609: 9603: 9597: 9591: 9585: 9579: 9576: 9570: 9567: 9561: 9558: 9552: 9546: 9540: 9539: 9537: 9535: 9519: 9513: 9512: 9510: 9508: 9497:"Woman Suffrage" 9492: 9486: 9485: 9483: 9481: 9465: 9459: 9458: 9451: 9445: 9439: 9433: 9427: 9421: 9418: 9412: 9406: 9400: 9399: 9388: 9382: 9379: 9373: 9369:Flexner (1959), 9367: 9361: 9360: 9358: 9356: 9345: 9339: 9338: 9316: 9310: 9304: 9298: 9294:Flexner (1959), 9292: 9286: 9268: 9262: 9261: 9259: 9257: 9250:"Maud Wood Park" 9246: 9240: 9236:Schultz (2013), 9234: 9228: 9222: 9216: 9207: 9201: 9200: 9198: 9196: 9163: 9157: 9154: 9148: 9145: 9136: 9133: 9124: 9123: 9121: 9119: 9103: 9097: 9096: 9080: 9074: 9073: 9071: 9069: 9063: 9056: 9048: 9037: 9036: 9024: 9018: 9017: 9015: 9013: 8998: 8992: 8991: 8989: 8987: 8972: 8966: 8965: 8963: 8961: 8946: 8940: 8939: 8928: 8922: 8919: 8913: 8910: 8904: 8901: 8895: 8892: 8886: 8882:Wheeler (1993), 8880: 8874: 8867: 8861: 8859:pp. 114–118, 177 8857:Wheeler (1993), 8855: 8849: 8845:Wheeler (1993), 8843: 8837: 8830: 8824: 8823: 8803: 8797: 8787: 8781: 8780:(1971) pp. 12–18 8771: 8765: 8758: 8752: 8749: 8743: 8736: 8730: 8723: 8717: 8716: 8688: 8682: 8679: 8673: 8656: 8650: 8640: 8634: 8632:pp. 263–264, 290 8630:Flexner (1959), 8628: 8622: 8616:New York History 8612: 8606: 8603: 8597: 8594: 8588: 8585: 8579: 8578: 8558: 8552: 8551: 8531: 8525: 8524: 8519:. Archived from 8500: 8494: 8493: 8491: 8489: 8475: 8469: 8463: 8457: 8456: 8454: 8452: 8438: 8432: 8426: 8420: 8414: 8413: 8411: 8409: 8394: 8388: 8387: 8380: 8374: 8367: 8361: 8358: 8352: 8346: 8340: 8336:Flexner (1959), 8334: 8328: 8325: 8319: 8316: 8310: 8303: 8297: 8291: 8285: 8279: 8273: 8270: 8264: 8261: 8255: 8252: 8246: 8243: 8237: 8234: 8228: 8210: 8201: 8198: 8192: 8188:Flexner (1959), 8186: 8180: 8173: 8167: 8161: 8155: 8154: 8129: 8123: 8112: 8106: 8102:Flexner (1959), 8100: 8094: 8091: 8085: 8081:Flexner (1959), 8079: 8073: 8072: 8036: 8030: 8027: 8021: 8018: 8012: 8011: 8001: 7995: 7988: 7982: 7979: 7973: 7954: 7948: 7945: 7939: 7933: 7927: 7924: 7918: 7917: 7897: 7891: 7887:Flexner (1959), 7885: 7879: 7861: 7855: 7854: 7852: 7850: 7828: 7822: 7821: 7819: 7817: 7800: 7794: 7793: 7791: 7789: 7777: 7771: 7770: 7750: 7744: 7742: 7740: 7738: 7726: 7717: 7712:Amanda Frisken, 7710: 7704: 7701: 7695: 7692: 7686: 7680: 7674: 7671: 7665: 7659: 7657: 7655: 7643: 7632: 7629: 7623: 7617: 7611: 7609:pp. 192, 196–197 7605: 7599: 7593: 7587: 7580: 7574: 7572:pp. 109–110, 200 7568: 7562: 7555: 7549: 7542: 7536: 7534: 7532: 7530: 7518: 7512: 7506: 7500: 7490: 7484: 7477: 7471: 7468: 7462: 7455: 7449: 7447: 7444:New York Tribune 7439: 7433: 7427: 7421: 7415: 7406: 7404:pp. 174–175, 185 7400: 7394: 7388: 7382: 7375: 7369: 7359: 7353: 7347: 7341: 7335:New York Tribune 7331: 7325: 7319: 7313: 7307: 7301: 7291: 7285: 7278: 7272: 7266: 7260: 7254: 7248: 7242: 7236: 7229: 7223: 7217: 7211: 7205: 7199: 7192: 7186: 7182:Flexner (1959), 7180: 7174: 7168: 7162: 7156: 7150: 7144: 7135: 7134: 7132: 7130: 7114: 7108: 7105: 7099: 7096: 7090: 7080: 7074: 7056: 7050: 7044: 7038: 7035: 7029: 7011: 7005: 7002: 6996: 6993: 6987: 6984: 6978: 6975: 6969: 6966: 6960: 6957: 6951: 6948: 6942: 6938: 6932: 6929: 6923: 6920: 6914: 6911: 6905: 6902: 6896: 6889: 6883: 6880: 6874: 6871: 6865: 6854: 6848: 6845: 6839: 6838: 6836: 6834: 6819: 6813: 6810: 6804: 6798: 6792: 6789: 6783: 6780: 6774: 6768: 6762: 6758:Wellman (2004), 6756: 6750: 6746:Wellman (2004), 6744: 6738: 6729:Wellman (2004), 6727: 6721: 6718: 6712: 6709: 6703: 6691: 6685: 6679: 6673: 6670: 6664: 6658: 6652: 6649: 6643: 6625: 6619: 6613: 6607: 6587: 6581: 6575: 6569: 6566: 6560: 6556:Flexner (1959), 6554: 6548: 6545: 6539: 6536: 6530: 6526:Flexner (1959), 6524: 6518: 6512: 6506: 6503: 6497: 6494: 6488: 6469: 6463: 6454:pp. 43, 348 n.19 6452:Flexner (1959), 6450: 6444: 6441: 6435: 6429: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6418: 6403: 6397: 6391: 6385: 6379: 6373: 6365:Johanna Neuman, 6363: 6357: 6356: 6350: 6342: 6332: 6326: 6325: 6323: 6321: 6310: 6304: 6303: 6301: 6299: 6284: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6273: 6259: 6253: 6252: 6250: 6248: 6234: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6223: 6213:"Woman Suffrage" 6209: 6203: 6202: 6200: 6198: 6188: 6182: 6181: 6179: 6177: 6163: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6152: 6137: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6126: 6116:"WOMAN SUFFRAGE" 6112: 6106: 6105: 6103: 6101: 6087: 6081: 6080: 6078: 6076: 6062: 6056: 6055: 6053: 6051: 6046:. April 29, 2016 6036: 6030: 6029: 6027: 6025: 6011: 6005: 6004: 5980: 5974: 5973: 5955: 5949: 5948: 5928: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5898: 5883: 5877: 5876: 5863: 5056: 5053: 5009:Silent Sentinels 4897:Marguerite Smith 4877:Anna Howard-Shaw 4869:Susan B. Anthony 4857:Mary Rozet Smith 4849:Mary Garrett Hay 4805:social insurance 4724:Shirley Chisholm 4427: 4257:Jeannette Rankin 4178: 4172: 4166: 4159: 4152: 4145: 4138: 4132: 4110:Turn of the tide 3937:Emma Smith Devoe 3869: 3705:African-American 3681:Susan B. Anthony 3504:Cardinal Gibbons 3416:Anna Howard Shaw 3337:Susan B. Anthony 3176: 3175: 3159:Aaron A. Sargent 2862:Wendell Phillips 2831:Republican Party 2825:. Its drive for 2784:Susan B. Anthony 2756:Susan B. Anthony 2733:Wendell Phillips 2711:John Stuart Mill 2651:. The fifth was 2500:Susan B. Anthony 2491:Ain't I a Woman? 2418: 2315: 2296:British colonies 2268:National history 2246:Silent Sentinels 2229:, New York, and 2174:would rule that 2170:Hoping that the 2145:Susan B. Anthony 2107:Women's suffrage 2096: 2089: 2082: 2068: 2067: 2066: 2007:Feminist parties 2002:Muslim feminists 1997:Jewish feminists 1908: 1907: 1889:History of women 1512:Political theory 1280: 1279: 1210: 1209: 1183: 1176:Women-only space 1061:Likeability trap 1026:Invisible labour 944:Female education 753:Anti-pornography 608: 607: 603: 319:Lesbian of color 302: 301: 179:Women's suffrage 155:Muslim countries 150:Women's suffrage 67:Feminist history 60: 59: 49: 26: 25: 21759: 21758: 21754: 21753: 21752: 21750: 21749: 21748: 21714: 21713: 21712: 21707: 21645: 21629: 21620: 21601:Ruza Wenclawska 21581:Phyllis Terrell 21536:Katherine Morey 21531:Vida Milholland 21506:Paula O. Jakobi 21461:Iris Calderhead 21409: 21404: 21374: 21369: 21343: 21311: 21295: 21284:Night of Terror 21241: 21240:Suffrage events 21235: 21230: 21200: 21195: 21169: 21119: 21098: 21084:Inez Milholland 21069:Crystal Eastman 21051: 21045: 21036: 21020:Night of Terror 20983: 20977: 20972: 20942: 20937: 20904: 20883: 20862: 20857:Woman's Journal 20844: 20823: 20818: 20788: 20783: 20747: 20706: 20658: 20652: 20631: 20615: 20588: 20545: 20544:Co-founder with 20539: 20516: 20511: 20481: 20476: 20428: 20405: 20339: 20333: 20307: 20283: 20240: 20239:Co-founder with 20234: 20229: 20199: 20194: 20148: 20122: 20066: 20030: 20018: 19757: 19731: 19689: 19674: 19580:Jewish American 19553:Polish American 19494:Korean American 19484:Indian American 19451: 19436: 19291:Merchant Marine 19261:Law enforcement 19113: 19094: 18968: 18964:Great Recession 18871: 18845:Reagan Doctrine 18799: 18778:Stonewall riots 18700: 18674:Project Mercury 18635:Truman Doctrine 18611: 18519:First Red Scare 18493: 18462:Progressive Era 18374: 18334:Bleeding Kansas 18290: 18237:Monroe Doctrine 18213: 18161: 18120:Treaty of Paris 18081: 18055:Boston Massacre 18050:Sons of Liberty 17946: 17917: 17906: 17888: 17883: 17853: 17848: 17835: 17828: 17821: 17804: 17790:Opioid epidemic 17707:Native American 17687:intersex rights 17638: 17634:Life expectancy 17624:Medical deserts 17614:Race and health 17511: 17497:Personal income 17443: 17347:National anthem 17180:personal income 17145:Economic issues 17079: 17031: 16879: 16779: 16768:School district 16754: 16737:Minor divisions 16731: 16670: 16628: 16567: 16553:Statutory codes 16534: 16497: 16474: 16384: 16379: 16366: 16301: 16258:civil liberties 16239: 16230:Other tribunals 16209:District courts 16161: 16120:current members 16103:current members 16084: 16018:Law enforcement 15916: 15629: 15578: 15569:Great Recession 15440:Progressive Era 15430:Native genocide 15361:Perpetual Union 15349:Treaty of Paris 15307:United Colonies 15265: 15190: 15184: 15154: 15149: 15041: 14961: 14876: 14845: 14811:Electoral fraud 14799: 14795:Voting in space 14785:Recall election 14760:Absentee ballot 14741: 14619: 14613: 14537: 14531: 14526: 14496: 14491: 14419:Family planning 14369: 14364: 14334: 14329: 14294:(upcoming film) 14220:Votes for Women 14176: 14170: 14144: 14083:Holloway brooch 14078:Holloway banner 13909: 13899: 13868:Night of Terror 13801: 13745: 13637: 13398: 13317: 13312: 13282: 13277: 13238: 13229: 12966: 12961: 12834:Wayback Machine 12773: 12768: 12762: 12741: 12717: 12715: 12692:Cassidy, Tina. 12688: 12686:Further reading 12581: 12579:Primary sources 12491: 12490: 12481: 12480: 12467: 12451:Nielsen, Kim E. 12443: 12374:10.2307/2587365 12344: 12343: 12334: 12333: 12315: 12305:chapter summary 12284: 12158: 12130: 12128: 12108: 12077: 12065:. Bloomington: 11980: 11952: 11950: 11946: 11935: 11914: 11912: 11908: 11881: 11839: 11837: 11797: 11762: 11760: 11756: 11745: 11684: 11643:, Vol 1 of 3.; 11625: 11623: 11602: 11418: 11381: 11345: 11319: 11311: 11282: 11233: 11211: 11206: 11191:10.2307/3346519 11175: 11171: 11161: 11159: 11149: 11145: 11138: 11124: 11120: 11110: 11108: 11098: 11094: 11087: 11073: 11062: 11052: 11050: 11040: 11029: 10986: 10979: 10957: 10953: 10944: 10940: 10925: 10924: 10920: 10903: 10902: 10898: 10888: 10886: 10881: 10880: 10876: 10868: 10861: 10853: 10849: 10841: 10837: 10829: 10825: 10817: 10810: 10802: 10798: 10790: 10786: 10778: 10774: 10760: 10758: 10745: 10741: 10733: 10729: 10721: 10717: 10709: 10705: 10697: 10693: 10685: 10681: 10673: 10669: 10661: 10657: 10649: 10645: 10637: 10630: 10622: 10618: 10609: 10608: 10604: 10589: 10588: 10584: 10575: 10574: 10570: 10561: 10560: 10556: 10547: 10546: 10542: 10533: 10532: 10528: 10519: 10518: 10514: 10506: 10502: 10496:Podolefsky 2014 10494: 10490: 10484:Podolefsky 2014 10482: 10478: 10470: 10466: 10458: 10454: 10446: 10442: 10434: 10430: 10422: 10418: 10410: 10406: 10398: 10394: 10386: 10382: 10374: 10370: 10362: 10358: 10350: 10343: 10335: 10331: 10323: 10319: 10311: 10304: 10295: 10291: 10281:Kristi Andersen 10279: 10275: 10266: 10262: 10246: 10239: 10229: 10215: 10211: 10204: 10190: 10186: 10179: 10165: 10158: 10140: 10126: 10122: 10112: 10098: 10094: 10071: 10067: 10058: 10057: 10053: 10044: 10043: 10039: 10030: 10029: 10025: 10016: 10015: 10011: 9990: 9982: 9978: 9963:10.2307/2150609 9945: 9941: 9932: 9931: 9927: 9918: 9917: 9913: 9888: 9884: 9879: 9875: 9866: 9862: 9857: 9853: 9845: 9841: 9831: 9829: 9814: 9810: 9802: 9798: 9790: 9786: 9777: 9773: 9765: 9761: 9754:Walton (2010), 9753: 9749: 9741: 9737: 9729: 9725: 9718:Walton (2010), 9717: 9713: 9706:Walton (2010), 9705: 9701: 9693: 9689: 9684: 9680: 9675: 9671: 9666: 9662: 9657: 9653: 9645: 9641: 9636: 9632: 9624: 9620: 9611: 9610: 9606: 9598: 9594: 9587:Walton (2010), 9586: 9582: 9577: 9573: 9568: 9564: 9559: 9555: 9547: 9543: 9533: 9531: 9520: 9516: 9506: 9504: 9495:Tyler, Pamela. 9493: 9489: 9479: 9477: 9468:Case, Sarah H. 9466: 9462: 9453: 9452: 9448: 9440: 9436: 9429:Walton (2010), 9428: 9424: 9419: 9415: 9407: 9403: 9390: 9389: 9385: 9380: 9376: 9368: 9364: 9354: 9352: 9347: 9346: 9342: 9335: 9317: 9313: 9305: 9301: 9293: 9289: 9269: 9265: 9255: 9253: 9248: 9247: 9243: 9235: 9231: 9223: 9219: 9208: 9204: 9194: 9192: 9190: 9164: 9160: 9155: 9151: 9146: 9139: 9134: 9127: 9117: 9115: 9104: 9100: 9081: 9077: 9067: 9065: 9061: 9054: 9050: 9049: 9040: 9025: 9021: 9011: 9009: 8999: 8995: 8985: 8983: 8982:. March 2, 1913 8974: 8973: 8969: 8959: 8957: 8948: 8947: 8943: 8930: 8929: 8925: 8920: 8916: 8911: 8907: 8902: 8898: 8893: 8889: 8881: 8877: 8868: 8864: 8856: 8852: 8844: 8840: 8832:Elna C. Green, 8831: 8827: 8820: 8804: 8800: 8788: 8784: 8772: 8768: 8759: 8755: 8750: 8746: 8737: 8733: 8725:Susan Goodier, 8724: 8720: 8713: 8689: 8685: 8680: 8676: 8657: 8653: 8641: 8637: 8629: 8625: 8613: 8609: 8604: 8600: 8595: 8591: 8586: 8582: 8575: 8559: 8555: 8548: 8532: 8528: 8517: 8501: 8497: 8487: 8485: 8479:"Error – Error" 8477: 8476: 8472: 8464: 8460: 8450: 8448: 8440: 8439: 8435: 8422: 8421: 8417: 8407: 8405: 8395: 8391: 8382: 8381: 8377: 8368: 8364: 8359: 8355: 8347: 8343: 8335: 8331: 8326: 8322: 8317: 8313: 8304: 8300: 8292: 8288: 8280: 8276: 8271: 8267: 8262: 8258: 8253: 8249: 8244: 8240: 8235: 8231: 8211: 8204: 8199: 8195: 8187: 8183: 8175:Dudden (2011), 8174: 8170: 8163:Gordon (2009). 8162: 8158: 8151: 8130: 8126: 8113: 8109: 8101: 8097: 8092: 8088: 8080: 8076: 8037: 8033: 8028: 8024: 8019: 8015: 8002: 7998: 7989: 7985: 7980: 7976: 7955: 7951: 7946: 7942: 7934: 7930: 7925: 7921: 7914: 7898: 7894: 7886: 7882: 7862: 7858: 7848: 7846: 7829: 7825: 7815: 7813: 7801: 7797: 7787: 7785: 7778: 7774: 7767: 7751: 7747: 7736: 7734: 7729:Ann D. Gordon. 7727: 7720: 7711: 7707: 7702: 7698: 7693: 7689: 7681: 7677: 7672: 7668: 7653: 7651: 7646:Ann D. Gordon. 7644: 7635: 7630: 7626: 7619:DuBois (1978), 7618: 7614: 7607:DuBois (1978), 7606: 7602: 7594: 7590: 7582:Dudden (2011), 7581: 7577: 7570:DuBois (1978), 7569: 7565: 7556: 7552: 7544:DuBois (1978), 7543: 7539: 7528: 7526: 7519: 7515: 7507: 7503: 7491: 7487: 7478: 7474: 7469: 7465: 7456: 7452: 7446:. May 15, 1868. 7441: 7440: 7436: 7429:Dudden (2011), 7428: 7424: 7416: 7409: 7402:DuBois (1978), 7401: 7397: 7389: 7385: 7377:DuBois (1978), 7376: 7372: 7360: 7356: 7349:Dudden (2011); 7348: 7344: 7332: 7328: 7321:DuBois (1978), 7320: 7316: 7309:DuBois (1978), 7308: 7304: 7293:DuBois (1978), 7292: 7288: 7280:DuBois (1978), 7279: 7275: 7268:Dudden (2011), 7267: 7263: 7256:Dudden (2011), 7255: 7251: 7243: 7239: 7230: 7226: 7218: 7214: 7206: 7202: 7193: 7189: 7181: 7177: 7169: 7165: 7158:Dudden (2011), 7157: 7153: 7145: 7138: 7128: 7126: 7115: 7111: 7106: 7102: 7097: 7093: 7081: 7077: 7057: 7053: 7046:Gordon (1997), 7045: 7041: 7036: 7032: 7012: 7008: 7003: 6999: 6994: 6990: 6985: 6981: 6976: 6972: 6967: 6963: 6958: 6954: 6949: 6945: 6939: 6935: 6930: 6926: 6921: 6917: 6912: 6908: 6903: 6899: 6891:DuBois (1978), 6890: 6886: 6881: 6877: 6872: 6868: 6855: 6851: 6846: 6842: 6832: 6830: 6821: 6820: 6816: 6811: 6807: 6799: 6795: 6790: 6786: 6781: 6777: 6769: 6765: 6757: 6753: 6745: 6741: 6728: 6724: 6719: 6715: 6710: 6706: 6692: 6688: 6680: 6676: 6671: 6667: 6659: 6655: 6650: 6646: 6626: 6622: 6614: 6610: 6588: 6584: 6576: 6572: 6567: 6563: 6555: 6551: 6546: 6542: 6537: 6533: 6525: 6521: 6513: 6509: 6504: 6500: 6495: 6491: 6470: 6466: 6451: 6447: 6442: 6438: 6430: 6426: 6416: 6414: 6405: 6404: 6400: 6392: 6388: 6380: 6376: 6364: 6360: 6344: 6343: 6333: 6329: 6319: 6317: 6312: 6311: 6307: 6297: 6295: 6286: 6285: 6281: 6271: 6269: 6261: 6260: 6256: 6246: 6244: 6236: 6235: 6231: 6221: 6219: 6211: 6210: 6206: 6196: 6194: 6190: 6189: 6185: 6175: 6173: 6165: 6164: 6160: 6150: 6148: 6138: 6134: 6124: 6122: 6114: 6113: 6109: 6099: 6097: 6089: 6088: 6084: 6074: 6072: 6070:www2.sos.wa.gov 6064: 6063: 6059: 6049: 6047: 6038: 6037: 6033: 6023: 6021: 6013: 6012: 6008: 6001: 5981: 5977: 5970: 5956: 5952: 5929: 5906: 5896: 5894: 5884: 5880: 5865: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5667:South Carolina 5566:North Carolina 5052: 4942:Anti-suffragism 4933: 4821: 4801:wealth transfer 4783: 4761: 4738:Hillary Clinton 4716: 4703: 4610: 4570: 4465: 4460: 4429: 4417: 4320: 4314: 4301:electoral votes 4186:Progressive Era 4180: 4176: 4174: 4170: 4168: 4164: 4161: 4157: 4154: 4150: 4147: 4143: 4140: 4136: 4134: 4130: 4112: 4087:Woman's Journal 4078:Woman's Journal 4045: 4006: 3959:forced feedings 3950: 3932: 3916: 3887: 3882: 3862: 3844:Inez Milholland 3832: 3776:Georgia Simpson 3744:Abraham Lincoln 3677: 3645:white supremacy 3555: 3520: 3462: 3430: 3360: 3326: 3321: 3301:Frances Willard 3274:in Utah in 1870 3258: 3234: 3214: 3210: 3208: 3194: 3192: 3190:Susan B Anthony 3186: 3155: 3139: 3133: 3117:Anthony on the 3095: 3032: 2992:Henry Blackwell 2935:Henry Blackwell 2931:Julia Ward Howe 2911: 2878: 2846:Henry Blackwell 2796: 2769: 2753: 2680: 2615: 2602: 2553: 2487:Sojourner Truth 2452:Angelina Grimké 2420: 2416: 2384:Margaret Fuller 2359:Margaret Fuller 2352: 2322: 2288: 2283: 2277: 2270: 2128:. In 1848, the 2100: 2064: 2062: 2057: 2056: 1958: 1905: 1897: 1896: 1895: 1804:Northern Cyprus 1584: 1576: 1575: 1570: 1392:Science fiction 1343: 1322:Women's studies 1287:Feminist method 1277: 1267: 1266: 1261: 1207: 1199: 1198: 1197: 1181: 1091:Oedipus complex 1081:Men in feminism 1046:Language reform 1021:Ideal womanhood 1001:Gender equality 996:Formal equality 959:Feminationalism 897:Cognitive labor 891: 883: 882: 881: 838:Post-structural 737: 727: 726: 725: 634: 624: 623: 622: 605: 602:Gender-critical 601: 600: 551:Femonationalism 535: 527: 526: 521: 500:Native American 440: 395:Critical theory 357: 299: 289: 288: 283: 238:Second Republic 166: 136: 103: 77:Women's history 57: 12: 11: 5: 21757: 21747: 21746: 21741: 21736: 21731: 21726: 21709: 21708: 21706: 21705: 21704:(2022 musical) 21697: 21689: 21681: 21676: 21674:Prison Special 21671: 21666: 21663:The Suffragist 21659: 21653: 21651: 21647: 21646: 21644: 21643: 21637: 21635: 21631: 21630: 21623: 21621: 21619: 21618: 21613: 21608: 21603: 21598: 21593: 21588: 21583: 21578: 21573: 21568: 21563: 21558: 21553: 21548: 21543: 21538: 21533: 21528: 21523: 21518: 21513: 21508: 21503: 21498: 21493: 21488: 21483: 21478: 21473: 21468: 21463: 21458: 21453: 21448: 21443: 21438: 21433: 21428: 21423: 21417: 21415: 21411: 21410: 21403: 21402: 21395: 21388: 21380: 21371: 21370: 21368: 21367: 21362: 21357: 21351: 21349: 21345: 21344: 21342: 21341: 21336: 21335:(2022 musical) 21328: 21319: 21317: 21313: 21312: 21310: 21309: 21303: 21301: 21297: 21296: 21294: 21293: 21292: 21291: 21289:Prison Special 21286: 21276: 21270: 21269: 21268: 21263: 21260:The Suffragist 21251: 21245: 21243: 21242:(co-organized) 21237: 21236: 21229: 21228: 21221: 21214: 21206: 21197: 21196: 21194: 21193: 21188: 21183: 21177: 21175: 21171: 21170: 21168: 21167: 21166:(2022 musical) 21159: 21151: 21143: 21138: 21133: 21127: 21125: 21121: 21120: 21118: 21117: 21112: 21106: 21104: 21100: 21099: 21097: 21096: 21091: 21086: 21081: 21076: 21071: 21066: 21061: 21055: 21053: 21047: 21046: 21039: 21037: 21035: 21034: 21029: 21024: 21023: 21022: 21012: 21007: 21006: 21005: 21002:The Suffragist 20993: 20987: 20985: 20984:co-strategized 20982:Initiated and 20979: 20978: 20971: 20970: 20963: 20956: 20948: 20939: 20938: 20936: 20935: 20930: 20925: 20919: 20912: 20910: 20906: 20905: 20903: 20902: 20897: 20891: 20889: 20885: 20884: 20882: 20881: 20876: 20870: 20868: 20867:Other activism 20864: 20863: 20861: 20860: 20852: 20850: 20846: 20845: 20843: 20842: 20837: 20831: 20829: 20825: 20824: 20817: 20816: 20809: 20802: 20794: 20785: 20784: 20782: 20781: 20776: 20771: 20766: 20761: 20755: 20753: 20749: 20748: 20746: 20745: 20740: 20735: 20730: 20725: 20720: 20714: 20712: 20708: 20707: 20705: 20704: 20696: 20688: 20683: 20678: 20671: 20670:(U.S. Capitol) 20662: 20660: 20654: 20653: 20651: 20650: 20645: 20639: 20637: 20633: 20632: 20630: 20629: 20623: 20621: 20620:Other writings 20617: 20616: 20614: 20613: 20605: 20596: 20594: 20590: 20589: 20587: 20586: 20581: 20577:The Revolution 20573: 20568: 20563: 20558: 20551: 20549: 20541: 20540: 20538: 20537: 20531: 20524: 20522: 20518: 20517: 20510: 20509: 20502: 20495: 20487: 20478: 20477: 20475: 20474: 20473: 20472: 20462: 20457: 20452: 20447: 20442: 20436: 20434: 20430: 20429: 20427: 20426: 20420: 20413: 20411: 20407: 20406: 20404: 20403: 20398: 20390: 20382: 20374: 20367: 20366:(U.S. Capitol) 20359: 20354: 20349: 20343: 20341: 20335: 20334: 20332: 20331: 20326: 20321: 20315: 20313: 20309: 20308: 20306: 20305: 20300: 20291: 20289: 20285: 20284: 20282: 20281: 20276: 20272:The Revolution 20268: 20263: 20258: 20253: 20246: 20244: 20236: 20235: 20228: 20227: 20220: 20213: 20205: 20196: 20195: 20193: 20192: 20182: 20172: 20170:Historiography 20167: 20161: 20158: 20157: 20154: 20153: 20150: 20149: 20147: 20146: 20136: 20130: 20128: 20124: 20123: 20121: 20120: 20115: 20110: 20108:Navassa Island 20105: 20100: 20095: 20093:Johnston Atoll 20090: 20085: 20083:Howland Island 20080: 20074: 20072: 20068: 20067: 20065: 20064: 20059: 20054: 20049: 20044: 20042:American Samoa 20038: 20036: 20032: 20031: 20026: 20024: 20020: 20019: 20017: 20016: 20011: 20006: 20001: 19996: 19991: 19986: 19981: 19976: 19971: 19966: 19964:South Carolina 19961: 19956: 19951: 19946: 19941: 19936: 19931: 19929:North Carolina 19926: 19921: 19916: 19911: 19906: 19901: 19896: 19891: 19886: 19881: 19876: 19871: 19866: 19861: 19856: 19851: 19846: 19841: 19836: 19831: 19826: 19821: 19816: 19811: 19806: 19801: 19796: 19791: 19786: 19781: 19776: 19771: 19765: 19763: 19759: 19758: 19756: 19755: 19753:The West Coast 19750: 19745: 19739: 19737: 19733: 19732: 19730: 19729: 19727:Indian removal 19724: 19719: 19714: 19709: 19703: 19701: 19691: 19690: 19680: 19679: 19676: 19675: 19673: 19672: 19671: 19670: 19665: 19660: 19648: 19641: 19640: 19639: 19634: 19622: 19621: 19620: 19618:Saudi American 19615: 19610: 19605: 19603:Iraqi American 19600: 19595: 19583: 19576: 19575: 19574: 19562: 19561: 19560: 19555: 19550: 19545: 19540: 19538:Irish American 19535: 19530: 19525: 19520: 19508: 19507: 19506: 19501: 19496: 19491: 19486: 19481: 19476: 19468:Asian American 19464: 19456: 19453: 19452: 19442: 19441: 19438: 19437: 19435: 19434: 19433: 19432: 19427: 19422: 19417: 19412: 19400: 19399: 19398: 19396:Sexual slavery 19386: 19379: 19372: 19371: 19370: 19365: 19360: 19355: 19350: 19345: 19333: 19332: 19331: 19326: 19321: 19316: 19311: 19306: 19294: 19287: 19280: 19279: 19278: 19273: 19268: 19266:Postal service 19263: 19258: 19256:Foreign policy 19253: 19248: 19243: 19238: 19233: 19228: 19223: 19211: 19204: 19203: 19202: 19190: 19189: 19188: 19176: 19175: 19174: 19162: 19161: 19160: 19155: 19150: 19145: 19133: 19126: 19118: 19115: 19114: 19104: 19103: 19100: 19099: 19096: 19095: 19093: 19092: 19087: 19082: 19075: 19070: 19065: 19060: 19059: 19058: 19048: 19043: 19036: 19031: 19030: 19029: 19024: 19019: 19014: 19009: 19004: 18999: 18994: 18984: 18978: 18976: 18970: 18969: 18967: 18966: 18961: 18956: 18951: 18950: 18949: 18944: 18934: 18929: 18922: 18917: 18912: 18907: 18902: 18897: 18892: 18887: 18881: 18879: 18873: 18872: 18870: 18869: 18864: 18859: 18854: 18853: 18852: 18847: 18842: 18832: 18830:Crack epidemic 18827: 18826: 18825: 18820: 18809: 18807: 18801: 18800: 18798: 18797: 18795:Moral Majority 18792: 18787: 18782: 18781: 18780: 18773:Gay liberation 18770: 18765: 18763:Counterculture 18760: 18755: 18754: 18753: 18751:Fall of Saigon 18748: 18743: 18733: 18732: 18731: 18729:Apollo program 18726: 18724:Project Gemini 18716: 18710: 18708: 18702: 18701: 18699: 18698: 18693: 18692: 18691: 18681: 18676: 18671: 18666: 18665: 18664: 18659: 18654: 18649: 18642:Early Cold War 18639: 18638: 18637: 18627: 18621: 18619: 18613: 18612: 18610: 18609: 18608: 18607: 18606: 18605: 18595: 18590: 18580: 18579: 18578: 18573: 18568: 18558: 18557: 18556: 18551: 18546: 18541: 18536: 18531: 18521: 18516: 18515: 18514: 18503: 18501: 18495: 18494: 18492: 18491: 18486: 18485: 18484: 18479: 18474: 18469: 18459: 18458: 18457: 18452: 18447: 18442: 18437: 18432: 18422: 18417: 18416: 18415: 18410: 18405: 18400: 18395: 18384: 18382: 18376: 18375: 18373: 18372: 18371: 18370: 18365: 18355: 18354: 18353: 18348: 18343: 18338: 18337: 18336: 18326: 18321: 18314:Prelude to War 18311: 18306: 18304:Antebellum Era 18300: 18298: 18292: 18291: 18289: 18288: 18283: 18278: 18277: 18276: 18271: 18266: 18261: 18256: 18251: 18249:Trail of Tears 18244:Jacksonian era 18241: 18240: 18239: 18234: 18223: 18221: 18215: 18214: 18212: 18211: 18210: 18209: 18204: 18194: 18193: 18192: 18187: 18180:Federalist Era 18177: 18175:Bill of Rights 18171: 18169: 18163: 18162: 18160: 18159: 18158: 18157: 18152: 18147: 18142: 18137: 18124: 18123: 18122: 18117: 18112: 18110:Lee Resolution 18107: 18102: 18091: 18089: 18083: 18082: 18080: 18079: 18078: 18077: 18072: 18067: 18062: 18057: 18052: 18047: 18042: 18037: 18032: 18027: 18017: 18012: 18007: 18002: 17997: 17992: 17987: 17982: 17977: 17972: 17967: 17962: 17956: 17954: 17948: 17947: 17945: 17944: 17937: 17929: 17927: 17919: 17918: 17908: 17907: 17905: 17904: 17899: 17893: 17890: 17889: 17882: 17881: 17874: 17867: 17859: 17850: 17849: 17847: 17846: 17841: 17834: 17833: 17826: 17818: 17817: 17814: 17813: 17810: 17809: 17806: 17805: 17803: 17802: 17797: 17792: 17787: 17786: 17785: 17775: 17774: 17773: 17763: 17758: 17753: 17748: 17746:Mass shootings 17743: 17738: 17737: 17736: 17734:Climate change 17731: 17721: 17716: 17715: 17714: 17709: 17704: 17699: 17694: 17689: 17684: 17679: 17672:Discrimination 17669: 17664: 17663: 17662: 17652: 17646: 17644: 17640: 17639: 17637: 17636: 17631: 17626: 17621: 17616: 17611: 17606: 17601: 17596: 17591: 17586: 17585: 17584: 17579: 17574: 17564: 17563: 17562: 17557: 17552: 17547: 17542: 17537: 17527: 17521: 17519: 17513: 17512: 17510: 17509: 17504: 17499: 17494: 17489: 17484: 17479: 17474: 17469: 17464: 17462:American Dream 17459: 17453: 17451: 17445: 17444: 17442: 17441: 17436: 17431: 17429:Transportation 17426: 17421: 17416: 17411: 17406: 17401: 17396: 17391: 17386: 17381: 17376: 17375: 17374: 17369: 17364: 17362:Mount Rushmore 17359: 17349: 17344: 17339: 17334: 17333: 17332: 17327: 17322: 17317: 17312: 17302: 17297: 17296: 17295: 17290: 17285: 17275: 17270: 17265: 17260: 17259: 17258: 17248: 17243: 17242: 17241: 17231: 17226: 17221: 17220: 17219: 17214: 17204: 17203: 17202: 17197: 17192: 17187: 17182: 17177: 17172: 17167: 17162: 17157: 17152: 17142: 17137: 17132: 17127: 17122: 17117: 17112: 17106: 17104: 17091: 17085: 17084: 17081: 17080: 17078: 17077: 17072: 17067: 17062: 17057: 17052: 17047: 17041: 17039: 17033: 17032: 17030: 17029: 17024: 17019: 17014: 17009: 17004: 16999: 16994: 16989: 16984: 16982:Federal budget 16979: 16974: 16969: 16968: 16967: 16962: 16957: 16952: 16947: 16942: 16937: 16932: 16927: 16922: 16920:Communications 16917: 16912: 16901: 16895: 16889: 16888: 16885: 16884: 16881: 16880: 16878: 16877: 16872: 16871: 16870: 16865: 16860: 16850: 16849: 16848: 16843: 16841:exceptionalism 16838: 16828: 16823: 16822: 16821: 16819:foreign policy 16811: 16810: 16809: 16804: 16794: 16788: 16785: 16784: 16781: 16780: 16778: 16777: 16776: 16775: 16764: 16762: 16756: 16755: 16753: 16752: 16747: 16741: 16739: 16733: 16732: 16730: 16729: 16724: 16719: 16714: 16709: 16704: 16699: 16694: 16689: 16684: 16678: 16676: 16672: 16671: 16669: 16668: 16663: 16658: 16653: 16647: 16645: 16636: 16630: 16629: 16627: 16626: 16621: 16620: 16619: 16609: 16608: 16607: 16602: 16597: 16587: 16581: 16579: 16573: 16572: 16569: 16568: 16566: 16565: 16560: 16555: 16550: 16544: 16542: 16536: 16535: 16533: 16532: 16531: 16530: 16520: 16519: 16518: 16516:Chief justices 16511:Supreme courts 16507: 16505: 16499: 16498: 16496: 16495: 16490: 16484: 16482: 16476: 16475: 16473: 16472: 16471: 16470: 16460: 16455: 16450: 16445: 16440: 16435: 16430: 16425: 16424: 16423: 16413: 16412: 16411: 16400: 16398: 16389: 16372: 16371: 16368: 16367: 16365: 16364: 16359: 16354: 16353: 16352: 16350:National Guard 16347: 16342: 16337: 16332: 16327: 16322: 16311: 16309: 16303: 16302: 16300: 16299: 16294: 16293: 16292: 16287: 16282: 16277: 16267: 16262: 16261: 16260: 16253:Bill of Rights 16249: 16247: 16241: 16240: 16238: 16237: 16232: 16227: 16226: 16225: 16223:list of judges 16220: 16218:list of courts 16206: 16205: 16204: 16202:list of judges 16194: 16193: 16192: 16187: 16182: 16171: 16169: 16163: 16162: 16160: 16159: 16154: 16149: 16144: 16139: 16137:Capitol Police 16134: 16133: 16132: 16127: 16122: 16112: 16111: 16110: 16105: 16094: 16092: 16086: 16085: 16083: 16082: 16077: 16072: 16067: 16066: 16065: 16060: 16058:Secret Service 16055: 16050: 16045: 16040: 16035: 16030: 16025: 16015: 16014: 16013: 16008: 16003: 15998: 15988: 15983: 15978: 15973: 15971:Vice President 15968: 15967: 15966: 15961: 15950: 15948: 15941: 15928: 15922: 15921: 15918: 15917: 15915: 15914: 15909: 15904: 15899: 15898: 15897: 15892: 15887: 15882: 15877: 15872: 15867: 15862: 15851: 15850: 15849: 15844: 15839: 15834: 15829: 15824: 15819: 15814: 15809: 15804: 15799: 15794: 15789: 15784: 15779: 15774: 15769: 15759: 15758: 15757: 15755:National Parks 15747: 15746: 15745: 15740: 15735: 15730: 15725: 15715: 15710: 15708:Extreme points 15705: 15700: 15699: 15698: 15693: 15688: 15683: 15678: 15673: 15668: 15663: 15658: 15647: 15641: 15635: 15634: 15631: 15630: 15628: 15627: 15622: 15617: 15612: 15607: 15602: 15597: 15592: 15586: 15584: 15580: 15579: 15577: 15576: 15571: 15566: 15565: 15564: 15559: 15549: 15544: 15539: 15534: 15529: 15524: 15519: 15514: 15509: 15504: 15503: 15502: 15492: 15487: 15482: 15477: 15472: 15467: 15466: 15465: 15460: 15455: 15447: 15442: 15437: 15432: 15427: 15422: 15417: 15412: 15407: 15402: 15397: 15395:Federalist Era 15392: 15391: 15390: 15388:Bill of Rights 15385: 15375: 15370: 15369: 15368: 15363: 15353: 15352: 15351: 15346: 15336: 15331: 15329:Lee Resolution 15326: 15321: 15320: 15319: 15314: 15309: 15304: 15299: 15294: 15289: 15279: 15273: 15271: 15267: 15266: 15264: 15263: 15258: 15253: 15248: 15243: 15238: 15233: 15228: 15223: 15218: 15213: 15207: 15205: 15198: 15192: 15191: 15189: articles 15183: 15182: 15175: 15168: 15160: 15151: 15150: 15148: 15147: 15142: 15137: 15132: 15127: 15122: 15117: 15112: 15107: 15102: 15097: 15092: 15087: 15082: 15077: 15072: 15071: 15070: 15060: 15055: 15049: 15047: 15043: 15042: 15040: 15039: 15034: 15029: 15024: 15022:Freedom Summer 15019: 15012: 15011: 15010: 15000: 14995: 14990: 14988:Suffrage Hikes 14985: 14980: 14975: 14969: 14967: 14963: 14962: 14960: 14959: 14954: 14949: 14944: 14942:Guam residents 14939: 14934: 14929: 14924: 14919: 14914: 14909: 14904: 14899: 14894: 14888: 14886: 14882: 14881: 14878: 14877: 14875: 14874: 14869: 14864: 14862:Gerrymandering 14859: 14853: 14851: 14847: 14846: 14844: 14843: 14838: 14833: 14828: 14823: 14818: 14813: 14807: 14805: 14801: 14800: 14798: 14797: 14792: 14787: 14782: 14777: 14772: 14767: 14762: 14756: 14754: 14747: 14743: 14742: 14740: 14739: 14738: 14737: 14727: 14722: 14717: 14716: 14715: 14710: 14700: 14695: 14694: 14693: 14688: 14678: 14673: 14668: 14667: 14666: 14661: 14651: 14650: 14649: 14644: 14639: 14629: 14623: 14621: 14615: 14614: 14612: 14611: 14609:26th Amendment 14606: 14604:24th Amendment 14601: 14599:23rd Amendment 14596: 14594:19th Amendment 14591: 14589:17th Amendment 14586: 14584:15th Amendment 14581: 14580: 14579: 14574: 14567:14th Amendment 14564: 14559: 14558: 14557: 14552: 14541: 14539: 14536:Constitutional 14533: 14532: 14525: 14524: 14517: 14510: 14502: 14493: 14492: 14490: 14489: 14484: 14483: 14482: 14472: 14467: 14462: 14461: 14460: 14450: 14449: 14448: 14446:Gender pay gap 14438: 14433: 14432: 14431: 14426: 14416: 14415: 14414: 14404: 14403: 14402: 14397: 14387: 14386: 14385: 14374: 14371: 14370: 14363: 14362: 14355: 14348: 14340: 14331: 14330: 14328: 14327: 14322: 14317: 14312: 14306: 14301: 14296: 14288: 14287:(2022 musical) 14280: 14279:(2018 musical) 14272: 14264: 14256: 14248: 14240: 14232: 14224: 14216: 14211: 14209:Suffrage plays 14206: 14201: 14193: 14188: 14180: 14178: 14172: 14171: 14169: 14168: 14163: 14158: 14152: 14150: 14146: 14145: 14143: 14142: 14137: 14132: 14127: 14122: 14117: 14112: 14107: 14102: 14097: 14092: 14085: 14080: 14075: 14070: 14065: 14060: 14055: 14050: 14043: 14036: 14032:Great Petition 14028: 14020: 14013: 14005: 13998: 13991: 13986: 13978: 13973: 13969:Rise up, Women 13965: 13960: 13953: 13948: 13943: 13938: 13937: 13936: 13931: 13921: 13915: 13913: 13905: 13904: 13901: 13900: 13898: 13897: 13892: 13887: 13882: 13877: 13876: 13875: 13873:Prison Special 13870: 13860: 13855: 13853:Suffrage Torch 13850: 13845: 13840: 13835: 13830: 13825: 13820: 13815: 13809: 13807: 13803: 13802: 13800: 13799: 13794: 13789: 13784: 13779: 13774: 13769: 13764: 13759: 13753: 13751: 13747: 13746: 13744: 13743: 13738: 13733: 13728: 13727: 13726: 13721: 13716: 13711: 13706: 13701: 13696: 13691: 13686: 13681: 13676: 13671: 13666: 13661: 13649: 13643: 13639: 13638: 13636: 13635: 13634: 13633: 13628: 13606: 13601: 13596: 13591: 13586: 13581: 13576: 13571: 13561: 13560: 13559: 13558: 13557: 13552: 13547: 13539: 13538: 13537: 13532: 13527: 13525:Cayman Islands 13515:United Kingdom 13512: 13507: 13502: 13497: 13489: 13484: 13479: 13474: 13469: 13464: 13459: 13454: 13449: 13444: 13439: 13434: 13433: 13432: 13427: 13422: 13412: 13406: 13404: 13400: 13399: 13397: 13396: 13391: 13386: 13381: 13376: 13371: 13366: 13361: 13356: 13351: 13346: 13341: 13336: 13331: 13325: 13323: 13319: 13318: 13311: 13310: 13303: 13296: 13288: 13279: 13278: 13276: 13275: 13270: 13265: 13260: 13255: 13253:American Samoa 13250: 13244: 13242: 13231: 13230: 13228: 13227: 13222: 13217: 13212: 13207: 13202: 13197: 13192: 13187: 13182: 13177: 13175:South Carolina 13172: 13167: 13162: 13157: 13152: 13147: 13142: 13140:North Carolina 13137: 13132: 13127: 13122: 13117: 13112: 13107: 13102: 13097: 13092: 13087: 13082: 13077: 13072: 13067: 13062: 13057: 13052: 13047: 13042: 13037: 13032: 13027: 13022: 13017: 13012: 13007: 13002: 12997: 12992: 12987: 12982: 12976: 12974: 12968: 12967: 12960: 12959: 12952: 12945: 12937: 12931: 12930: 12923: 12918: 12909: 12895: 12889:Mayo, Edith P. 12886: 12879: 12873: 12864: 12859: 12854: 12840: 12824: 12819: 12814: 12809: 12804: 12799: 12794: 12789: 12779: 12772: 12771:External links 12769: 12767: 12766: 12760: 12745: 12739: 12724: 12697: 12689: 12687: 12684: 12683: 12682: 12667:, ed. (2009). 12665:Gordon, Ann D. 12662: 12647:, ed. (2000). 12645:Gordon, Ann D. 12642: 12627:, ed. (1997). 12625:Gordon, Ann D. 12622: 12602: 12587:, ed. (1992). 12580: 12577: 12576: 12575: 12566: 12533: 12521:10.2307/364357 12500: 12471: 12465: 12447: 12441: 12422: 12413: 12404: 12395: 12393:. Carlson Pub. 12386: 12368:(2): 287–316. 12353: 12319: 12313: 12294: 12283: 12280: 12279: 12278: 12261: 12244: 12215: 12198: 12195:978-0813913421 12181: 12162: 12156: 12137: 12112: 12106: 12081: 12075: 12054: 12044: 12020: 12000: 11984: 11978: 11959: 11921: 11888:(in Spanish). 11870: 11857:, Volume 4 of 11849:Rakow, Lana F. 11846: 11812: 11801: 11795: 11769: 11738: 11721: 11704: 11697: 11688: 11682: 11667: 11650: 11649:, Vol. 2 of 3. 11632: 11595: 11578: 11561: 11544: 11527: 11524:978-0674106536 11507: 11490: 11472: 11452: 11432: 11422: 11416: 11394: 11388:Cott, Nancy F. 11385: 11379: 11360: 11349: 11343: 11322: 11309: 11290: 11280: 11267: 11250:Kathleen Barry 11247: 11237: 11231: 11210: 11207: 11205: 11204: 11169: 11143: 11136: 11118: 11092: 11085: 11060: 11042:Rouse, Wendy. 11027: 11000:(3): 374–405. 10977: 10951: 10945:Lynn Dumenil, 10938: 10918: 10896: 10874: 10859: 10847: 10835: 10823: 10808: 10796: 10784: 10772: 10767:Newspapers.com 10739: 10727: 10715: 10703: 10691: 10679: 10667: 10655: 10643: 10628: 10616: 10602: 10582: 10568: 10554: 10540: 10526: 10512: 10500: 10488: 10486:, p. 843. 10476: 10474:, p. 218. 10472:Cartagena 2017 10464: 10462:, p. 140. 10452: 10440: 10438:, p. 262. 10428: 10416: 10404: 10402:, p. 222. 10392: 10380: 10368: 10356: 10341: 10329: 10317: 10315:, p. 251. 10302: 10289: 10273: 10267:Lynn Dumenil, 10260: 10237: 10227: 10209: 10202: 10184: 10177: 10156: 10138: 10120: 10110: 10092: 10065: 10051: 10037: 10023: 10009: 9976: 9957:(4): 655–671. 9939: 9925: 9911: 9882: 9873: 9860: 9851: 9839: 9808: 9796: 9784: 9771: 9759: 9747: 9735: 9723: 9711: 9699: 9687: 9678: 9669: 9660: 9651: 9639: 9630: 9618: 9604: 9592: 9580: 9571: 9562: 9553: 9541: 9514: 9487: 9460: 9446: 9434: 9422: 9413: 9401: 9383: 9374: 9362: 9340: 9333: 9311: 9299: 9287: 9263: 9241: 9229: 9217: 9210:New York World 9202: 9188: 9158: 9149: 9137: 9125: 9098: 9075: 9038: 9019: 8993: 8967: 8941: 8923: 8914: 8905: 8896: 8887: 8875: 8871:Church history 8862: 8850: 8838: 8825: 8818: 8798: 8782: 8766: 8753: 8744: 8731: 8718: 8711: 8693:"Antifeminism" 8683: 8674: 8664:Sandra Adickes 8660:New York Times 8651: 8646:(1967): 43–57 8635: 8623: 8607: 8598: 8589: 8580: 8573: 8553: 8546: 8526: 8515: 8509:. p. 55. 8495: 8470: 8458: 8433: 8415: 8389: 8375: 8362: 8353: 8341: 8329: 8320: 8311: 8298: 8286: 8274: 8265: 8256: 8247: 8238: 8229: 8202: 8193: 8181: 8168: 8156: 8149: 8124: 8107: 8095: 8086: 8074: 8053:10.1086/696621 8047:(2): 442–461. 8031: 8022: 8013: 7996: 7983: 7974: 7962:pp. x, 124–142 7949: 7940: 7928: 7919: 7913:978-0814756768 7912: 7892: 7880: 7856: 7823: 7795: 7772: 7765: 7745: 7718: 7705: 7696: 7687: 7675: 7666: 7633: 7624: 7612: 7600: 7588: 7575: 7563: 7550: 7537: 7513: 7501: 7494:The Revolution 7485: 7481:The Revolution 7472: 7463: 7450: 7434: 7422: 7407: 7395: 7383: 7370: 7354: 7342: 7326: 7314: 7302: 7286: 7273: 7261: 7249: 7237: 7224: 7212: 7200: 7187: 7175: 7170:Venet (1991), 7163: 7151: 7146:Venet (1991), 7136: 7109: 7100: 7091: 7075: 7072:978-0199743360 7051: 7039: 7030: 7027:978-0195119695 7006: 6997: 6988: 6979: 6970: 6961: 6952: 6943: 6933: 6924: 6915: 6906: 6897: 6884: 6875: 6866: 6849: 6840: 6814: 6805: 6793: 6784: 6775: 6763: 6751: 6739: 6722: 6713: 6704: 6686: 6674: 6665: 6653: 6644: 6620: 6608: 6582: 6570: 6561: 6549: 6540: 6531: 6519: 6507: 6498: 6489: 6464: 6445: 6436: 6424: 6398: 6386: 6374: 6358: 6327: 6305: 6279: 6254: 6229: 6204: 6183: 6171:nyheritage.org 6158: 6132: 6107: 6095:www.sos.ca.gov 6082: 6057: 6031: 6006: 5999: 5975: 5968: 5950: 5904: 5878: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5849: 5848: 5846: 5844: 5839: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5818: 5817: 5812: 5810: 5808: 5807:West Virginia 5804: 5803: 5801: 5799: 5794: 5790: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5770: 5769: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5759: 5758: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5742: 5741: 5736: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5704: 5702: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5681: 5680: 5675: 5673: 5668: 5664: 5663: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5647: 5646: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5630: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5619: 5618: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5574: 5573: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5563: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5556: 5552: 5551: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5511: 5510:New Hampshire 5507: 5506: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5479: 5478: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5462: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5442: 5441: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5431: 5430: 5425: 5423: 5421: 5417: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5406: 5405: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5395:Massachusetts 5392: 5391: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5378: 5377: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5354: 5350: 5349: 5344: 5342: 5340: 5336: 5335: 5333: 5331: 5329: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5301: 5297: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5266: 5265: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5249: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5229: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5209: 5208: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5192: 5191: 5186: 5184: 5182: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5161: 5160: 5155: 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Gray 3748:Nellie Quander 3709:states' rights 3676: 3673: 3661:states' rights 3554: 3551: 3519: 3516: 3511:New York Times 3461: 3458: 3450:Joseph McKenna 3429: 3424: 3359: 3356: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3282:Populist Party 3264:An act of the 3257: 3254: 3233: 3230: 3219: 3218: 3213:Women Suffrage 3212: 3202:Carrie C. Catt 3196: 3188: 3154: 3151: 3135:Main article: 3132: 3127: 3123:19th Amendment 3094: 3089: 3036:Virginia Minor 3031: 3028: 2988:reconstruction 2983:The Revolution 2910: 2907: 2877: 2874: 2852:in support of 2835:Horace Greeley 2795: 2792: 2768: 2765: 2752: 2749: 2707:Harriet Taylor 2679: 2676: 2614: 2611: 2601: 2598: 2552: 2549: 2463:Ernestine Rose 2459:women's rights 2444:South Carolina 2440:Grimké sisters 2432:Frances Wright 2408: 2351: 2348: 2321: 2318: 2302:, the English 2294:traditions as 2287: 2284: 2269: 2266: 2258:forced feeding 2126:women's rights 2115:19th Amendment 2102: 2101: 2099: 2098: 2091: 2084: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2059: 2058: 2053: 2052: 2051: 2050: 2045: 2037: 2036: 2032: 2031: 2030: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1987:Feminist poets 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1957: 1956: 1954:Feminist songs 1951: 1950: 1949: 1944: 1934: 1933: 1932: 1930:by nationality 1922: 1916: 1913: 1912: 1906: 1903: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1894: 1893: 1892: 1891: 1881: 1879:United Kingdom 1876: 1871: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1775: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1633: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1586: 1585: 1582: 1581: 1578: 1577: 1572: 1571: 1569: 1568: 1567: 1566: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1530: 1529: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1503: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1490:Existentialism 1487: 1486: 1485: 1483:Justice ethics 1475: 1470: 1465: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1444: 1443: 1441:Constructivism 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1417: 1416: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1395: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1353: 1350: 1349: 1348:Areas of study 1345: 1344: 1342: 1341: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1292:Gender studies 1289: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1263: 1262: 1260: 1259: 1257:SCUM Manifesto 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1213: 1208: 1205: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1196: 1195: 1190: 1188:Women's rights 1185: 1182:Women's health 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1066:Male privilege 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1035:International 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1003: 998: 993: 988: 987: 986: 981: 976: 966: 961: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 915: 914: 904: 899: 893: 892: 889: 888: 885: 884: 880: 879: 874: 872:Technofeminism 869: 868: 867: 862: 857: 847: 846: 845: 835: 830: 829: 828: 827: 826: 816: 811: 801: 800: 799: 798: 797: 782: 777: 772: 771: 770: 765: 755: 750: 745: 739: 738: 733: 732: 729: 728: 724: 723: 718: 717: 716: 706: 701: 696: 695: 694: 689: 684: 674: 673: 672: 667: 662: 657: 647: 642: 636: 635: 630: 629: 626: 625: 621: 620: 615: 610: 597: 596: 595: 590: 585: 575: 570: 569: 568: 558: 553: 548: 543: 537: 536: 534:Other variants 533: 532: 529: 528: 523: 522: 520: 519: 514: 509: 504: 503: 502: 492: 491: 490: 480: 479: 478: 473: 468: 458: 452: 449: 448: 442: 441: 439: 438: 433: 432: 431: 426: 416: 415: 414: 404: 403: 402: 397: 387: 382: 381: 380: 369: 366: 365: 359: 358: 356: 355: 350: 349: 348: 338: 333: 332: 331: 326: 321: 311: 305: 300: 295: 294: 291: 290: 285: 284: 282: 281: 280: 279: 269: 268: 267: 262: 260:Cayman Islands 255:United Kingdom 252: 247: 246: 245: 240: 232: 227: 222: 217: 212: 207: 202: 197: 192: 186: 183: 182: 175: 174: 173: 172: 165: 164: 163: 162: 157: 146: 143: 142: 138: 137: 135: 134: 129: 124: 119: 113: 110: 109: 105: 104: 102: 101: 100: 99: 94: 89: 84: 74: 69: 63: 58: 55: 54: 51: 50: 42: 41: 35: 34: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 21756: 21745: 21742: 21740: 21737: 21735: 21732: 21730: 21727: 21725: 21722: 21721: 21719: 21703: 21702: 21698: 21695: 21694: 21690: 21687: 21686: 21682: 21680: 21677: 21675: 21672: 21670: 21667: 21665: 21664: 21660: 21658: 21655: 21654: 21652: 21648: 21642: 21639: 21638: 21636: 21632: 21627: 21617: 21614: 21612: 21609: 21607: 21604: 21602: 21599: 21597: 21594: 21592: 21589: 21587: 21584: 21582: 21579: 21577: 21574: 21572: 21569: 21567: 21566:Doris Stevens 21564: 21562: 21559: 21557: 21554: 21552: 21549: 21547: 21544: 21542: 21541:Mary A. Nolan 21539: 21537: 21534: 21532: 21529: 21527: 21524: 21522: 21519: 21517: 21514: 21512: 21509: 21507: 21504: 21502: 21499: 21497: 21496:Julia Hurlbut 21494: 21492: 21489: 21487: 21484: 21482: 21479: 21477: 21474: 21472: 21469: 21467: 21464: 21462: 21459: 21457: 21454: 21452: 21449: 21447: 21444: 21442: 21439: 21437: 21434: 21432: 21429: 21427: 21424: 21422: 21419: 21418: 21416: 21412: 21408: 21401: 21396: 21394: 21389: 21387: 21382: 21381: 21378: 21366: 21363: 21361: 21358: 21356: 21353: 21352: 21350: 21346: 21340: 21337: 21334: 21333: 21329: 21327: 21325: 21321: 21320: 21318: 21314: 21308: 21305: 21304: 21302: 21298: 21290: 21287: 21285: 21282: 21281: 21280: 21277: 21274: 21271: 21267: 21264: 21262: 21261: 21257: 21256: 21255: 21252: 21250: 21247: 21246: 21244: 21238: 21234: 21227: 21222: 21220: 21215: 21213: 21208: 21207: 21204: 21192: 21189: 21187: 21184: 21182: 21179: 21178: 21176: 21172: 21165: 21164: 21160: 21157: 21156: 21152: 21149: 21148: 21144: 21142: 21139: 21137: 21134: 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20697: 20695: 20694: 20689: 20687: 20684: 20682: 20679: 20677: 20676: 20672: 20669: 20668: 20664: 20663: 20661: 20655: 20649: 20646: 20644: 20641: 20640: 20638: 20634: 20628: 20625: 20624: 20622: 20618: 20611: 20610: 20606: 20603: 20602: 20598: 20597: 20595: 20591: 20585: 20582: 20580: 20578: 20574: 20572: 20569: 20567: 20564: 20562: 20559: 20556: 20553: 20552: 20550: 20548: 20542: 20535: 20532: 20529: 20526: 20525: 20523: 20519: 20515: 20508: 20503: 20501: 20496: 20494: 20489: 20488: 20485: 20471: 20468: 20467: 20466: 20463: 20461: 20458: 20456: 20453: 20451: 20448: 20446: 20443: 20441: 20438: 20437: 20435: 20431: 20424: 20421: 20418: 20415: 20414: 20412: 20408: 20402: 20399: 20396: 20395: 20391: 20388: 20387: 20383: 20380: 20379: 20375: 20373: 20372: 20368: 20365: 20364: 20360: 20358: 20355: 20353: 20350: 20348: 20345: 20344: 20342: 20336: 20330: 20327: 20325: 20322: 20320: 20317: 20316: 20314: 20310: 20304: 20301: 20298: 20297: 20293: 20292: 20290: 20286: 20280: 20277: 20275: 20273: 20269: 20267: 20264: 20262: 20259: 20257: 20254: 20251: 20248: 20247: 20245: 20243: 20237: 20233: 20226: 20221: 20219: 20214: 20212: 20207: 20206: 20203: 20191: 20187: 20183: 20181: 20173: 20171: 20168: 20166: 20165:List of years 20163: 20162: 20159: 20145: 20137: 20135: 20134:Urban history 20132: 20131: 20129: 20125: 20119: 20116: 20114: 20113:Palmyra Atoll 20111: 20109: 20106: 20104: 20101: 20099: 20096: 20094: 20091: 20089: 20088:Jarvis Island 20086: 20084: 20081: 20079: 20076: 20075: 20073: 20069: 20063: 20060: 20058: 20055: 20053: 20050: 20048: 20045: 20043: 20040: 20039: 20037: 20035:Insular areas 20033: 20029: 20025: 20021: 20015: 20012: 20010: 20007: 20005: 20004:West Virginia 20002: 20000: 19997: 19995: 19992: 19990: 19987: 19985: 19982: 19980: 19977: 19975: 19972: 19970: 19967: 19965: 19962: 19960: 19957: 19955: 19952: 19950: 19947: 19945: 19942: 19940: 19937: 19935: 19932: 19930: 19927: 19925: 19922: 19920: 19917: 19915: 19912: 19910: 19909:New Hampshire 19907: 19905: 19902: 19900: 19897: 19895: 19892: 19890: 19887: 19885: 19882: 19880: 19877: 19875: 19872: 19870: 19869:Massachusetts 19867: 19865: 19862: 19860: 19857: 19855: 19852: 19850: 19847: 19845: 19842: 19840: 19837: 19835: 19832: 19830: 19827: 19825: 19822: 19820: 19817: 19815: 19812: 19810: 19807: 19805: 19802: 19800: 19797: 19795: 19792: 19790: 19787: 19785: 19782: 19780: 19777: 19775: 19772: 19770: 19767: 19766: 19764: 19760: 19754: 19751: 19749: 19746: 19744: 19741: 19740: 19738: 19734: 19728: 19725: 19723: 19720: 19718: 19715: 19713: 19710: 19708: 19705: 19704: 19702: 19700: 19696: 19692: 19685: 19681: 19669: 19666: 19664: 19661: 19659: 19656: 19655: 19654: 19653: 19649: 19647: 19646: 19642: 19638: 19635: 19633: 19630: 19629: 19628: 19627: 19623: 19619: 19616: 19614: 19611: 19609: 19606: 19604: 19601: 19599: 19596: 19594: 19591: 19590: 19589: 19588: 19584: 19582: 19581: 19577: 19573: 19570: 19569: 19568: 19567: 19563: 19559: 19556: 19554: 19551: 19549: 19546: 19544: 19541: 19539: 19536: 19534: 19531: 19529: 19526: 19524: 19521: 19519: 19516: 19515: 19514: 19513: 19509: 19505: 19502: 19500: 19499:Thai American 19497: 19495: 19492: 19490: 19487: 19485: 19482: 19480: 19477: 19475: 19472: 19471: 19470: 19469: 19465: 19463: 19462: 19458: 19457: 19454: 19447: 19443: 19431: 19428: 19426: 19423: 19421: 19418: 19416: 19413: 19411: 19408: 19407: 19406: 19405: 19401: 19397: 19394: 19393: 19392: 19391: 19387: 19385: 19384: 19380: 19378: 19377: 19373: 19369: 19366: 19364: 19361: 19359: 19356: 19354: 19351: 19349: 19346: 19344: 19341: 19340: 19339: 19338: 19337:Party Systems 19334: 19330: 19327: 19325: 19322: 19320: 19317: 19315: 19312: 19310: 19307: 19305: 19302: 19301: 19300: 19299: 19295: 19293: 19292: 19288: 19286: 19285: 19281: 19277: 19276:Voting rights 19274: 19272: 19269: 19267: 19264: 19262: 19259: 19257: 19254: 19252: 19249: 19247: 19244: 19242: 19239: 19237: 19234: 19232: 19229: 19227: 19224: 19222: 19219: 19218: 19217: 19216: 19212: 19210: 19209: 19205: 19201: 19198: 19197: 19196: 19195: 19191: 19187: 19184: 19183: 19182: 19181: 19177: 19173: 19170: 19169: 19168: 19167: 19163: 19159: 19156: 19154: 19151: 19149: 19146: 19144: 19141: 19140: 19139: 19138: 19134: 19132: 19131: 19127: 19125: 19124: 19120: 19119: 19116: 19109: 19105: 19091: 19088: 19086: 19083: 19081: 19080: 19076: 19074: 19071: 19069: 19066: 19064: 19061: 19057: 19054: 19053: 19052: 19049: 19047: 19044: 19042: 19041: 19037: 19035: 19032: 19028: 19025: 19023: 19020: 19018: 19015: 19013: 19010: 19008: 19005: 19003: 19000: 18998: 18995: 18993: 18990: 18989: 18988: 18985: 18983: 18980: 18979: 18977: 18975: 18971: 18965: 18962: 18960: 18957: 18955: 18952: 18948: 18945: 18943: 18940: 18939: 18938: 18937:War on terror 18935: 18933: 18930: 18928: 18927: 18923: 18921: 18918: 18916: 18913: 18911: 18908: 18906: 18903: 18901: 18898: 18896: 18893: 18891: 18888: 18886: 18883: 18882: 18880: 18878: 18874: 18868: 18865: 18863: 18860: 18858: 18855: 18851: 18848: 18846: 18843: 18841: 18838: 18837: 18836: 18835:Late Cold War 18833: 18831: 18828: 18824: 18821: 18819: 18816: 18815: 18814: 18811: 18810: 18808: 18806: 18802: 18796: 18793: 18791: 18788: 18786: 18783: 18779: 18776: 18775: 18774: 18771: 18769: 18766: 18764: 18761: 18759: 18756: 18752: 18749: 18747: 18744: 18742: 18739: 18738: 18737: 18734: 18730: 18727: 18725: 18722: 18721: 18720: 18717: 18715: 18714:Great Society 18712: 18711: 18709: 18707: 18703: 18697: 18694: 18690: 18687: 18686: 18685: 18682: 18680: 18677: 18675: 18672: 18670: 18669:Post-war boom 18667: 18663: 18660: 18658: 18655: 18653: 18650: 18648: 18645: 18644: 18643: 18640: 18636: 18633: 18632: 18631: 18628: 18626: 18623: 18622: 18620: 18618: 18614: 18604: 18601: 18600: 18599: 18596: 18594: 18591: 18589: 18586: 18585: 18584: 18581: 18577: 18574: 18572: 18569: 18567: 18564: 18563: 18562: 18559: 18555: 18552: 18550: 18547: 18545: 18542: 18540: 18537: 18535: 18532: 18530: 18527: 18526: 18525: 18522: 18520: 18517: 18513: 18510: 18509: 18508: 18505: 18504: 18502: 18500: 18496: 18490: 18487: 18483: 18480: 18478: 18475: 18473: 18470: 18468: 18465: 18464: 18463: 18460: 18456: 18453: 18451: 18448: 18446: 18443: 18441: 18438: 18436: 18433: 18431: 18428: 18427: 18426: 18423: 18421: 18418: 18414: 18411: 18409: 18406: 18404: 18401: 18399: 18396: 18394: 18391: 18390: 18389: 18386: 18385: 18383: 18381: 18377: 18369: 18366: 18364: 18361: 18360: 18359: 18356: 18352: 18349: 18347: 18344: 18342: 18339: 18335: 18332: 18331: 18330: 18327: 18325: 18322: 18320: 18317: 18316: 18315: 18312: 18310: 18307: 18305: 18302: 18301: 18299: 18297: 18293: 18287: 18284: 18282: 18279: 18275: 18272: 18270: 18267: 18265: 18262: 18260: 18257: 18255: 18252: 18250: 18247: 18246: 18245: 18242: 18238: 18235: 18233: 18230: 18229: 18228: 18225: 18224: 18222: 18220: 18216: 18208: 18205: 18203: 18200: 18199: 18198: 18195: 18191: 18188: 18186: 18183: 18182: 18181: 18178: 18176: 18173: 18172: 18170: 18168: 18164: 18156: 18153: 18151: 18148: 18146: 18143: 18141: 18138: 18136: 18133: 18130: 18129: 18128: 18125: 18121: 18118: 18116: 18113: 18111: 18108: 18106: 18103: 18101: 18098: 18097: 18096: 18093: 18092: 18090: 18088: 18084: 18076: 18073: 18071: 18068: 18066: 18063: 18061: 18058: 18056: 18053: 18051: 18048: 18046: 18043: 18041: 18038: 18036: 18033: 18031: 18028: 18026: 18023: 18022: 18021: 18018: 18016: 18013: 18011: 18008: 18006: 18003: 18001: 17998: 17996: 17993: 17991: 17988: 17986: 17983: 17981: 17978: 17976: 17973: 17971: 17968: 17966: 17963: 17961: 17958: 17957: 17955: 17953: 17949: 17943: 17942: 17938: 17936: 17935: 17931: 17930: 17928: 17924: 17920: 17913: 17909: 17903: 17900: 17898: 17895: 17894: 17891: 17887: 17880: 17875: 17873: 17868: 17866: 17861: 17860: 17857: 17845: 17842: 17840: 17837: 17836: 17831: 17827: 17824: 17820: 17819: 17815: 17801: 17798: 17796: 17793: 17791: 17788: 17784: 17781: 17780: 17779: 17776: 17772: 17769: 17768: 17767: 17764: 17762: 17759: 17757: 17754: 17752: 17749: 17747: 17744: 17742: 17739: 17735: 17732: 17730: 17727: 17726: 17725: 17722: 17720: 17719:Energy policy 17717: 17713: 17710: 17708: 17705: 17703: 17700: 17698: 17695: 17693: 17690: 17688: 17685: 17683: 17680: 17678: 17675: 17674: 17673: 17670: 17668: 17665: 17661: 17660:incarceration 17658: 17657: 17656: 17653: 17651: 17648: 17647: 17645: 17641: 17635: 17632: 17630: 17627: 17625: 17622: 17620: 17617: 17615: 17612: 17610: 17607: 17605: 17602: 17600: 17597: 17595: 17592: 17590: 17587: 17583: 17580: 17578: 17575: 17573: 17570: 17569: 17568: 17565: 17561: 17558: 17556: 17553: 17551: 17548: 17546: 17545:Prenatal care 17543: 17541: 17540:Birth control 17538: 17536: 17533: 17532: 17531: 17528: 17526: 17523: 17522: 17520: 17518: 17514: 17508: 17505: 17503: 17500: 17498: 17495: 17493: 17490: 17488: 17485: 17483: 17480: 17478: 17477:Homeownership 17475: 17473: 17470: 17468: 17465: 17463: 17460: 17458: 17455: 17454: 17452: 17450: 17446: 17440: 17437: 17435: 17432: 17430: 17427: 17425: 17422: 17420: 17417: 17415: 17412: 17410: 17407: 17405: 17402: 17400: 17397: 17395: 17392: 17390: 17387: 17385: 17382: 17380: 17377: 17373: 17370: 17368: 17365: 17363: 17360: 17358: 17355: 17354: 17353: 17350: 17348: 17345: 17343: 17340: 17338: 17335: 17331: 17328: 17326: 17323: 17321: 17318: 17316: 17313: 17311: 17308: 17307: 17306: 17303: 17301: 17298: 17294: 17291: 17289: 17286: 17284: 17281: 17280: 17279: 17276: 17274: 17271: 17269: 17266: 17264: 17261: 17257: 17254: 17253: 17252: 17249: 17247: 17244: 17240: 17237: 17236: 17235: 17232: 17230: 17227: 17225: 17222: 17218: 17215: 17213: 17210: 17209: 17208: 17205: 17201: 17200:working class 17198: 17196: 17193: 17191: 17188: 17186: 17183: 17181: 17178: 17176: 17173: 17171: 17168: 17166: 17163: 17161: 17160:homeownership 17158: 17156: 17153: 17151: 17148: 17147: 17146: 17143: 17141: 17138: 17136: 17133: 17131: 17128: 17126: 17123: 17121: 17118: 17116: 17113: 17111: 17108: 17107: 17105: 17103: 17099: 17095: 17092: 17090: 17086: 17076: 17073: 17071: 17068: 17066: 17063: 17061: 17058: 17056: 17053: 17051: 17048: 17046: 17043: 17042: 17040: 17038: 17034: 17028: 17025: 17023: 17020: 17018: 17015: 17013: 17010: 17008: 17005: 17003: 17000: 16998: 16995: 16993: 16990: 16988: 16985: 16983: 16980: 16978: 16975: 16973: 16970: 16966: 16963: 16961: 16958: 16956: 16953: 16951: 16948: 16946: 16943: 16941: 16940:Manufacturing 16938: 16936: 16933: 16931: 16928: 16926: 16923: 16921: 16918: 16916: 16913: 16911: 16908: 16907: 16906: 16903: 16902: 16899: 16896: 16894: 16890: 16876: 16873: 16869: 16868:Third parties 16866: 16864: 16861: 16859: 16856: 16855: 16854: 16851: 16847: 16844: 16842: 16839: 16837: 16834: 16833: 16832: 16829: 16827: 16824: 16820: 16817: 16816: 16815: 16812: 16808: 16805: 16803: 16800: 16799: 16798: 16795: 16793: 16790: 16789: 16786: 16774: 16771: 16770: 16769: 16766: 16765: 16763: 16761: 16757: 16751: 16748: 16746: 16743: 16742: 16740: 16738: 16734: 16728: 16725: 16723: 16720: 16718: 16715: 16713: 16710: 16708: 16705: 16703: 16700: 16698: 16695: 16693: 16690: 16688: 16685: 16683: 16680: 16679: 16677: 16673: 16667: 16664: 16662: 16659: 16657: 16654: 16652: 16649: 16648: 16646: 16644: 16640: 16637: 16635: 16631: 16625: 16622: 16618: 16615: 16614: 16613: 16610: 16606: 16603: 16601: 16598: 16596: 16593: 16592: 16591: 16588: 16586: 16583: 16582: 16580: 16578: 16574: 16564: 16561: 16559: 16556: 16554: 16551: 16549: 16546: 16545: 16543: 16541: 16537: 16529: 16526: 16525: 16524: 16521: 16517: 16514: 16513: 16512: 16509: 16508: 16506: 16504: 16500: 16494: 16491: 16489: 16486: 16485: 16483: 16481: 16477: 16469: 16466: 16465: 16464: 16461: 16459: 16456: 16454: 16451: 16449: 16446: 16444: 16441: 16439: 16436: 16434: 16431: 16429: 16426: 16422: 16419: 16418: 16417: 16414: 16410: 16407: 16406: 16405: 16402: 16401: 16399: 16397: 16393: 16390: 16388: 16382: 16377: 16373: 16363: 16360: 16358: 16355: 16351: 16348: 16346: 16343: 16341: 16338: 16336: 16333: 16331: 16328: 16326: 16323: 16321: 16318: 16317: 16316: 16313: 16312: 16310: 16308: 16304: 16298: 16295: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16281: 16278: 16276: 16273: 16272: 16271: 16268: 16266: 16263: 16259: 16256: 16255: 16254: 16251: 16250: 16248: 16246: 16242: 16236: 16235:U.S. attorney 16233: 16231: 16228: 16224: 16221: 16219: 16216: 16215: 16214: 16210: 16207: 16203: 16200: 16199: 16198: 16195: 16191: 16188: 16186: 16183: 16181: 16180:Chief Justice 16178: 16177: 16176: 16175:Supreme Court 16173: 16172: 16170: 16168: 16164: 16158: 16155: 16153: 16150: 16148: 16145: 16143: 16140: 16138: 16135: 16131: 16128: 16126: 16123: 16121: 16118: 16117: 16116: 16113: 16109: 16106: 16104: 16101: 16100: 16099: 16096: 16095: 16093: 16091: 16087: 16081: 16080:Public policy 16078: 16076: 16075:Civil service 16073: 16071: 16068: 16064: 16061: 16059: 16056: 16054: 16051: 16049: 16046: 16044: 16041: 16039: 16036: 16034: 16031: 16029: 16026: 16024: 16021: 16020: 16019: 16016: 16012: 16009: 16007: 16004: 16002: 15999: 15997: 15994: 15993: 15992: 15989: 15987: 15984: 15982: 15979: 15977: 15974: 15972: 15969: 15965: 15962: 15960: 15957: 15956: 15955: 15952: 15951: 15949: 15945: 15942: 15940: 15936: 15932: 15929: 15927: 15923: 15913: 15910: 15908: 15905: 15903: 15900: 15896: 15893: 15891: 15888: 15886: 15883: 15881: 15878: 15876: 15873: 15871: 15868: 15866: 15863: 15861: 15858: 15857: 15856: 15852: 15848: 15845: 15843: 15840: 15838: 15835: 15833: 15830: 15828: 15825: 15823: 15820: 15818: 15815: 15813: 15810: 15808: 15805: 15803: 15800: 15798: 15795: 15793: 15790: 15788: 15785: 15783: 15780: 15778: 15775: 15773: 15770: 15768: 15765: 15764: 15763: 15760: 15756: 15753: 15752: 15751: 15748: 15744: 15743:Sierra Nevada 15741: 15739: 15736: 15734: 15731: 15729: 15726: 15724: 15721: 15720: 15719: 15716: 15714: 15711: 15709: 15706: 15704: 15701: 15697: 15694: 15692: 15689: 15687: 15684: 15682: 15681:insular zones 15679: 15677: 15674: 15672: 15669: 15667: 15664: 15662: 15659: 15657: 15654: 15653: 15652: 15649: 15648: 15645: 15642: 15640: 15636: 15626: 15623: 15621: 15618: 15616: 15613: 15611: 15608: 15606: 15603: 15601: 15598: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15587: 15585: 15581: 15575: 15572: 15570: 15567: 15563: 15560: 15558: 15555: 15554: 15553: 15552:War on Terror 15550: 15548: 15545: 15543: 15540: 15538: 15535: 15533: 15532:LGBT Movement 15530: 15528: 15525: 15523: 15520: 15518: 15515: 15513: 15510: 15508: 15505: 15501: 15498: 15497: 15496: 15493: 15491: 15488: 15486: 15483: 15481: 15478: 15476: 15473: 15471: 15468: 15464: 15461: 15459: 15456: 15454: 15451: 15450: 15448: 15446: 15443: 15441: 15438: 15436: 15433: 15431: 15428: 15426: 15423: 15421: 15418: 15416: 15413: 15411: 15408: 15406: 15403: 15401: 15398: 15396: 15393: 15389: 15386: 15384: 15381: 15380: 15379: 15376: 15374: 15371: 15367: 15364: 15362: 15359: 15358: 15357: 15354: 15350: 15347: 15345: 15342: 15341: 15340: 15337: 15335: 15332: 15330: 15327: 15325: 15322: 15318: 15315: 15313: 15310: 15308: 15305: 15303: 15300: 15298: 15295: 15293: 15290: 15288: 15285: 15284: 15283: 15280: 15278: 15275: 15274: 15272: 15268: 15262: 15259: 15257: 15254: 15252: 15249: 15247: 15244: 15242: 15239: 15237: 15234: 15232: 15229: 15227: 15224: 15222: 15219: 15217: 15214: 15212: 15209: 15208: 15206: 15202: 15199: 15197: 15193: 15188: 15187:United States 15181: 15176: 15174: 15169: 15167: 15162: 15161: 15158: 15146: 15143: 15141: 15138: 15136: 15133: 15131: 15130:Secret ballot 15128: 15126: 15125:Redistricting 15123: 15121: 15118: 15116: 15113: 15111: 15108: 15106: 15103: 15101: 15098: 15096: 15093: 15091: 15088: 15086: 15083: 15081: 15078: 15076: 15073: 15069: 15066: 15065: 15064: 15061: 15059: 15056: 15054: 15053:Ballot access 15051: 15050: 15048: 15044: 15038: 15035: 15033: 15030: 15028: 15025: 15023: 15020: 15017: 15013: 15009: 15006: 15005: 15004: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14991: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14979: 14976: 14974: 14971: 14970: 14968: 14964: 14958: 14955: 14953: 14950: 14948: 14945: 14943: 14940: 14938: 14935: 14933: 14930: 14928: 14925: 14923: 14920: 14918: 14915: 14913: 14910: 14908: 14905: 14903: 14900: 14898: 14895: 14893: 14890: 14889: 14887: 14883: 14873: 14870: 14868: 14865: 14863: 14860: 14858: 14855: 14854: 14852: 14850:Vote dilution 14848: 14842: 14839: 14837: 14836:Voter ID laws 14834: 14832: 14829: 14827: 14824: 14822: 14821:Literacy test 14819: 14817: 14814: 14812: 14809: 14808: 14806: 14802: 14796: 14793: 14791: 14788: 14786: 14783: 14781: 14778: 14776: 14775:Postal voting 14773: 14771: 14768: 14766: 14763: 14761: 14758: 14757: 14755: 14751: 14748: 14744: 14736: 14733: 14732: 14731: 14728: 14726: 14723: 14721: 14718: 14714: 14711: 14709: 14706: 14705: 14704: 14701: 14699: 14696: 14692: 14689: 14687: 14684: 14683: 14682: 14679: 14677: 14674: 14672: 14669: 14665: 14662: 14660: 14657: 14656: 14655: 14652: 14648: 14645: 14643: 14640: 14638: 14635: 14634: 14633: 14630: 14628: 14625: 14624: 14622: 14616: 14610: 14607: 14605: 14602: 14600: 14597: 14595: 14592: 14590: 14587: 14585: 14582: 14578: 14575: 14573: 14570: 14569: 14568: 14565: 14563: 14562:1st Amendment 14560: 14556: 14553: 14551: 14548: 14547: 14546: 14543: 14542: 14540: 14534: 14530: 14523: 14518: 14516: 14511: 14509: 14504: 14503: 14500: 14488: 14485: 14481: 14478: 14477: 14476: 14473: 14471: 14468: 14466: 14463: 14459: 14456: 14455: 14454: 14451: 14447: 14444: 14443: 14442: 14439: 14437: 14434: 14430: 14427: 14425: 14422: 14421: 14420: 14417: 14413: 14410: 14409: 14408: 14405: 14401: 14398: 14396: 14393: 14392: 14391: 14390:Birth control 14388: 14384: 14381: 14380: 14379: 14376: 14375: 14372: 14368: 14361: 14356: 14354: 14349: 14347: 14342: 14341: 14338: 14326: 14323: 14321: 14318: 14316: 14313: 14310: 14307: 14305: 14302: 14300: 14297: 14295: 14293: 14289: 14286: 14285: 14281: 14278: 14277: 14273: 14271: 14269: 14265: 14263: 14261: 14257: 14255: 14254:(2013 sitcom) 14253: 14249: 14247: 14245: 14241: 14239: 14237: 14233: 14231: 14230:(1974 series) 14229: 14225: 14223: 14221: 14217: 14215: 14212: 14210: 14207: 14205: 14202: 14200: 14198: 14194: 14192: 14189: 14186: 14182: 14181: 14179: 14173: 14167: 14164: 14162: 14159: 14157: 14154: 14153: 14151: 14147: 14141: 14138: 14136: 14133: 14131: 14128: 14126: 14123: 14121: 14118: 14116: 14113: 14111: 14108: 14106: 14103: 14101: 14098: 14096: 14093: 14091: 14090: 14086: 14084: 14081: 14079: 14076: 14074: 14071: 14069: 14066: 14064: 14061: 14059: 14056: 14054: 14051: 14049: 14048: 14044: 14042: 14041: 14037: 14035: 14033: 14029: 14027: 14025: 14021: 14019: 14018: 14014: 14012: 14010: 14006: 14004: 14003: 13999: 13997: 13996: 13992: 13990: 13987: 13985: 13983: 13979: 13977: 13974: 13972: 13970: 13966: 13964: 13961: 13959: 13958: 13954: 13952: 13949: 13947: 13944: 13942: 13939: 13935: 13932: 13930: 13927: 13926: 13925: 13922: 13920: 13917: 13916: 13914: 13912: 13906: 13896: 13893: 13891: 13888: 13886: 13883: 13881: 13878: 13874: 13871: 13869: 13866: 13865: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13854: 13851: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13841: 13839: 13836: 13834: 13831: 13829: 13826: 13824: 13821: 13819: 13816: 13814: 13811: 13810: 13808: 13804: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13790: 13788: 13785: 13783: 13780: 13778: 13775: 13773: 13770: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13754: 13752: 13748: 13742: 13739: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13725: 13722: 13720: 13717: 13715: 13712: 13710: 13707: 13705: 13702: 13700: 13697: 13695: 13692: 13690: 13687: 13685: 13682: 13680: 13677: 13675: 13672: 13670: 13667: 13665: 13662: 13660: 13657: 13656: 13654: 13651: 13650: 13647: 13644: 13640: 13632: 13629: 13627: 13623: 13619: 13615: 13611: 13607: 13605: 13602: 13600: 13597: 13595: 13592: 13590: 13587: 13585: 13582: 13580: 13577: 13575: 13572: 13570: 13567: 13566: 13565: 13564:United States 13562: 13556: 13553: 13551: 13548: 13546: 13543: 13542: 13540: 13536: 13533: 13531: 13528: 13526: 13523: 13522: 13521: 13518: 13517: 13516: 13513: 13511: 13508: 13506: 13503: 13501: 13498: 13496: 13493: 13490: 13488: 13485: 13483: 13480: 13478: 13477:Liechtenstein 13475: 13473: 13470: 13468: 13465: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13455: 13453: 13450: 13448: 13445: 13443: 13440: 13438: 13435: 13431: 13428: 13426: 13423: 13421: 13418: 13417: 13416: 13413: 13411: 13408: 13407: 13405: 13401: 13395: 13392: 13390: 13387: 13385: 13382: 13380: 13377: 13375: 13374:Demeny voting 13372: 13370: 13367: 13365: 13362: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13352: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13342: 13340: 13337: 13335: 13332: 13330: 13327: 13326: 13324: 13320: 13316: 13309: 13304: 13302: 13297: 13295: 13290: 13289: 13286: 13274: 13271: 13269: 13266: 13264: 13261: 13259: 13256: 13254: 13251: 13249: 13246: 13245: 13243: 13241: 13236: 13232: 13226: 13223: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13215:West Virginia 13213: 13211: 13208: 13206: 13203: 13201: 13198: 13196: 13193: 13191: 13188: 13186: 13183: 13181: 13178: 13176: 13173: 13171: 13168: 13166: 13163: 13161: 13158: 13156: 13153: 13151: 13148: 13146: 13143: 13141: 13138: 13136: 13133: 13131: 13128: 13126: 13123: 13121: 13120:New Hampshire 13118: 13116: 13113: 13111: 13108: 13106: 13103: 13101: 13098: 13096: 13093: 13091: 13088: 13086: 13083: 13081: 13080:Massachusetts 13078: 13076: 13073: 13071: 13068: 13066: 13063: 13061: 13058: 13056: 13053: 13051: 13048: 13046: 13043: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13026: 13023: 13021: 13018: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12993: 12991: 12988: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12978: 12977: 12975: 12973: 12969: 12965: 12958: 12953: 12951: 12946: 12944: 12939: 12938: 12935: 12928: 12924: 12922: 12919: 12917: 12913: 12910: 12908: 12904: 12900: 12896: 12893: 12890: 12887: 12884: 12880: 12877: 12874: 12872: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12858: 12855: 12852: 12851:The Liberator 12848: 12846: 12841: 12839: 12835: 12831: 12828: 12825: 12823: 12820: 12818: 12815: 12813: 12810: 12808: 12805: 12803: 12800: 12798: 12795: 12793: 12790: 12787: 12783: 12780: 12778: 12775: 12774: 12763: 12761:9780143128991 12757: 12753: 12752: 12746: 12742: 12740:9781734901009 12736: 12732: 12731: 12725: 12713: 12709: 12708: 12703: 12698: 12695: 12691: 12690: 12680: 12676: 12672: 12671: 12666: 12663: 12660: 12659:0-8135-2318-4 12656: 12652: 12651: 12646: 12643: 12640: 12639:0-8135-2317-6 12636: 12632: 12631: 12626: 12623: 12620: 12616: 12612: 12611: 12606: 12603: 12600: 12599:1-55553-143-1 12596: 12592: 12591: 12586: 12583: 12582: 12573:. Peter Lang. 12572: 12567: 12563: 12559: 12555: 12551: 12547: 12543: 12539: 12534: 12530: 12526: 12522: 12518: 12514: 12510: 12506: 12501: 12497: 12485: 12477: 12472: 12468: 12462: 12458: 12457: 12452: 12448: 12444: 12438: 12434: 12430: 12429: 12423: 12419: 12414: 12410: 12405: 12401: 12396: 12392: 12387: 12383: 12379: 12375: 12371: 12367: 12363: 12359: 12354: 12350: 12338: 12330: 12329: 12326: 12320: 12316: 12314:9780252094675 12310: 12306: 12302: 12301: 12295: 12291: 12286: 12285: 12282:Anti-suffrage 12276: 12275:0-19-507583-8 12272: 12268: 12267: 12262: 12259: 12258:0-252-02904-6 12255: 12251: 12250: 12245: 12242: 12241:0-375-40560-7 12238: 12234: 12233: 12228: 12224: 12223:Ann D. Gordon 12220: 12219:Martha Saxton 12216: 12213: 12209: 12205: 12204: 12199: 12196: 12192: 12188: 12187: 12182: 12178: 12174: 12170: 12169: 12163: 12159: 12153: 12149: 12145: 12144: 12138: 12126: 12122: 12118: 12113: 12109: 12107:0-88258-171-6 12103: 12099: 12095: 12091: 12087: 12082: 12078: 12076:0-253-11386-5 12072: 12068: 12064: 12060: 12055: 12053: 12052:Online review 12049: 12045: 12042: 12041: 12037:(1881–1922). 12036: 12032: 12028: 12024: 12021: 12018: 12017:0-252-01005-1 12014: 12010: 12009: 12004: 12001: 11999: 11998:9781317985808 11995: 11991: 11990: 11985: 11981: 11975: 11971: 11967: 11966: 11960: 11945: 11941: 11933: 11929: 11928: 11922: 11907: 11903: 11899: 11895: 11891: 11887: 11879: 11875: 11871: 11868: 11864: 11860: 11856: 11855: 11850: 11847: 11836: 11832: 11828: 11824: 11823: 11818: 11813: 11810: 11806: 11802: 11798: 11792: 11788: 11784: 11783: 11778: 11774: 11770: 11755: 11751: 11744: 11739: 11736: 11735:0-275-97877-X 11732: 11728: 11727: 11722: 11719: 11718:0-19-518265-0 11715: 11711: 11710: 11705: 11702: 11698: 11695: 11692: 11689: 11685: 11683:0-8090-7383-8 11679: 11675: 11674: 11668: 11665: 11664:0-7391-0297-4 11661: 11657: 11656: 11651: 11648: 11647: 11642: 11641: 11637:(1898–1908). 11636: 11633: 11622: 11618: 11614: 11610: 11609: 11601: 11596: 11593: 11589: 11585: 11584: 11579: 11576: 11575:0-300-06346-6 11572: 11568: 11567: 11562: 11559: 11558:0-8160-5693-5 11555: 11551: 11550: 11545: 11542: 11541:0-930350-86-3 11538: 11534: 11533: 11528: 11525: 11521: 11517: 11516: 11511: 11508: 11505: 11501: 11497: 11496: 11491: 11488: 11484: 11480: 11476: 11473: 11470: 11469:0-8147-1901-5 11466: 11462: 11461: 11456: 11453: 11450: 11449:0-8014-8641-6 11446: 11442: 11441: 11436: 11433: 11431: 11427: 11423: 11419: 11413: 11409: 11405: 11404: 11399: 11395: 11392: 11389: 11386: 11382: 11376: 11372: 11368: 11367: 11361: 11358: 11354: 11350: 11346: 11340: 11336: 11332: 11328: 11323: 11318: 11312: 11306: 11302: 11298: 11297: 11291: 11288: 11283: 11277: 11273: 11268: 11265: 11264:0-345-36549-6 11261: 11257: 11256: 11251: 11248: 11245: 11241: 11238: 11234: 11228: 11224: 11220: 11219: 11213: 11212: 11200: 11196: 11192: 11188: 11184: 11180: 11173: 11158: 11154: 11147: 11139: 11133: 11129: 11122: 11107: 11103: 11096: 11088: 11086:9780674986688 11082: 11078: 11071: 11069: 11067: 11065: 11049: 11045: 11038: 11036: 11034: 11032: 11023: 11019: 11015: 11011: 11007: 11003: 10999: 10995: 10991: 10984: 10982: 10974: 10970: 10969: 10964: 10960: 10955: 10948: 10942: 10934: 10933: 10928: 10922: 10914: 10910: 10906: 10900: 10884: 10878: 10872:, p. 10. 10871: 10866: 10864: 10856: 10851: 10844: 10839: 10832: 10827: 10821:, p. 53. 10820: 10815: 10813: 10805: 10800: 10794:, p. 75. 10793: 10788: 10781: 10776: 10768: 10756: 10755: 10750: 10743: 10737:, p. 50. 10736: 10731: 10725:, p. 43. 10724: 10719: 10712: 10707: 10700: 10695: 10688: 10683: 10676: 10671: 10665:, p. 42. 10664: 10659: 10653:, p. 43. 10652: 10647: 10641:, p. 49. 10640: 10635: 10633: 10626:, p. 48. 10625: 10620: 10612: 10606: 10598: 10597: 10592: 10586: 10578: 10572: 10564: 10558: 10550: 10544: 10536: 10530: 10522: 10516: 10510:, p. 61. 10509: 10504: 10497: 10492: 10485: 10480: 10473: 10468: 10461: 10456: 10449: 10444: 10437: 10432: 10426:, p. 23. 10425: 10420: 10413: 10408: 10401: 10396: 10390:, p. 56. 10389: 10388:Van Dyne 1904 10384: 10377: 10372: 10365: 10364:Van Dyne 1904 10360: 10353: 10348: 10346: 10338: 10333: 10327:, p. 11. 10326: 10321: 10314: 10309: 10307: 10299: 10293: 10286: 10282: 10277: 10270: 10264: 10255: 10251: 10244: 10242: 10235: 10230: 10228:9780820333939 10224: 10220: 10213: 10205: 10203:9780820340227 10199: 10195: 10188: 10180: 10178:9780870498374 10174: 10170: 10163: 10161: 10154: 10149: 10145: 10141: 10139:9780542795619 10135: 10131: 10124: 10118: 10113: 10111:9781299008762 10107: 10103: 10096: 10088: 10084: 10080: 10076: 10069: 10061: 10055: 10047: 10041: 10033: 10027: 10019: 10013: 10004: 10000: 9996: 9989: 9988: 9980: 9972: 9968: 9964: 9960: 9956: 9952: 9951: 9943: 9935: 9929: 9921: 9915: 9907: 9903: 9899: 9895: 9894: 9886: 9877: 9870: 9864: 9855: 9848: 9843: 9827: 9823: 9819: 9812: 9805: 9800: 9794: 9788: 9781: 9778:Norma Smith, 9775: 9769: 9763: 9757: 9751: 9745: 9739: 9732: 9727: 9721: 9715: 9709: 9703: 9697: 9691: 9682: 9673: 9664: 9655: 9649: 9643: 9634: 9628: 9622: 9614: 9608: 9602: 9596: 9590: 9589:pp. 88, 96–97 9584: 9575: 9566: 9557: 9551: 9545: 9534:September 17, 9529: 9525: 9518: 9507:September 17, 9502: 9498: 9491: 9480:September 17, 9475: 9471: 9464: 9456: 9450: 9444: 9438: 9432: 9426: 9417: 9411: 9405: 9397: 9393: 9387: 9378: 9372: 9366: 9350: 9344: 9336: 9330: 9326: 9322: 9315: 9309: 9303: 9297: 9291: 9285: 9281: 9277: 9273: 9267: 9251: 9245: 9239: 9233: 9227: 9221: 9215: 9211: 9206: 9191: 9185: 9181: 9177: 9173: 9169: 9162: 9153: 9144: 9142: 9132: 9130: 9113: 9109: 9102: 9094: 9090: 9086: 9079: 9060: 9053: 9047: 9045: 9043: 9034: 9030: 9023: 9008: 9004: 8997: 8981: 8977: 8971: 8955: 8951: 8945: 8937: 8933: 8927: 8918: 8909: 8900: 8891: 8885: 8879: 8872: 8866: 8860: 8854: 8848: 8842: 8835: 8829: 8821: 8819:9780195359572 8815: 8811: 8810: 8802: 8796: 8792: 8786: 8779: 8775: 8770: 8763: 8757: 8748: 8741: 8735: 8728: 8722: 8714: 8708: 8704: 8700: 8699: 8694: 8687: 8678: 8671: 8670: 8665: 8661: 8655: 8649: 8645: 8639: 8633: 8627: 8621: 8617: 8611: 8602: 8593: 8584: 8576: 8574:9780814774663 8570: 8566: 8565: 8557: 8549: 8547:9780674040090 8543: 8539: 8538: 8530: 8522: 8518: 8516:9780549564379 8512: 8508: 8507: 8499: 8484: 8483:webso.iup.edu 8480: 8474: 8468: 8462: 8447: 8443: 8437: 8430: 8425: 8419: 8404: 8400: 8393: 8385: 8379: 8372: 8366: 8357: 8351: 8345: 8339: 8333: 8324: 8315: 8308: 8302: 8296: 8290: 8284: 8278: 8269: 8260: 8251: 8242: 8233: 8227: 8226:0-87049-836-3 8223: 8219: 8215: 8209: 8207: 8197: 8191: 8185: 8178: 8172: 8166: 8160: 8152: 8150:9781733089111 8146: 8142: 8138: 8134: 8128: 8121: 8117: 8111: 8105: 8099: 8090: 8084: 8078: 8070: 8066: 8062: 8058: 8054: 8050: 8046: 8042: 8035: 8026: 8017: 8009: 8008: 8000: 7993: 7987: 7978: 7971: 7970:0-8147-5834-7 7967: 7963: 7959: 7953: 7944: 7938: 7932: 7923: 7915: 7909: 7905: 7904: 7896: 7890: 7884: 7878: 7877:0-8160-4100-8 7874: 7870: 7866: 7860: 7844: 7840: 7839: 7834: 7827: 7812: 7811: 7806: 7799: 7783: 7776: 7768: 7766:9780195176612 7762: 7758: 7757: 7749: 7732: 7725: 7723: 7715: 7709: 7700: 7691: 7685: 7679: 7670: 7663: 7649: 7642: 7640: 7638: 7628: 7622: 7616: 7610: 7604: 7598: 7592: 7585: 7579: 7573: 7567: 7560: 7554: 7547: 7541: 7524: 7517: 7511: 7505: 7499: 7495: 7489: 7482: 7476: 7467: 7460: 7454: 7445: 7438: 7432: 7426: 7420: 7414: 7412: 7405: 7399: 7393: 7387: 7380: 7374: 7368: 7364: 7358: 7352: 7346: 7340: 7336: 7330: 7324: 7318: 7312: 7306: 7300: 7296: 7290: 7283: 7277: 7271: 7265: 7259: 7253: 7247: 7241: 7234: 7228: 7222: 7216: 7210: 7204: 7197: 7191: 7185: 7179: 7173: 7167: 7161: 7155: 7149: 7143: 7141: 7124: 7120: 7113: 7104: 7095: 7089: 7085: 7079: 7073: 7069: 7065: 7061: 7055: 7049: 7043: 7034: 7028: 7024: 7020: 7016: 7010: 7001: 6992: 6983: 6974: 6965: 6956: 6947: 6937: 6928: 6919: 6910: 6901: 6894: 6888: 6879: 6870: 6863: 6859: 6853: 6844: 6828: 6824: 6818: 6809: 6803: 6797: 6788: 6779: 6773: 6767: 6761: 6755: 6749: 6743: 6736: 6732: 6726: 6717: 6708: 6701: 6697: 6690: 6684: 6678: 6669: 6663: 6657: 6648: 6642: 6641:0-8078-2016-4 6638: 6634: 6630: 6624: 6618: 6612: 6606: 6605:0-8129-2430-4 6602: 6598: 6597: 6592: 6586: 6580: 6574: 6565: 6559: 6553: 6544: 6535: 6529: 6523: 6517: 6511: 6502: 6493: 6486: 6485:0-87023-941-4 6482: 6478: 6474: 6468: 6461: 6460: 6455: 6449: 6440: 6434: 6428: 6412: 6408: 6402: 6395: 6390: 6384: 6378: 6372: 6368: 6362: 6354: 6348: 6340: 6339: 6331: 6315: 6309: 6298:September 25, 6293: 6289: 6283: 6268: 6264: 6258: 6243: 6239: 6233: 6218: 6214: 6208: 6193: 6187: 6172: 6168: 6162: 6147: 6143: 6136: 6121: 6117: 6111: 6096: 6092: 6086: 6071: 6067: 6061: 6045: 6044:History to Go 6041: 6035: 6020: 6016: 6010: 6002: 6000:9781576078600 5996: 5992: 5988: 5987: 5979: 5971: 5969:9781610695961 5965: 5961: 5954: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5927: 5925: 5923: 5921: 5919: 5917: 5915: 5913: 5911: 5909: 5893: 5889: 5882: 5874: 5873: 5868: 5862: 5858: 5847: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5837: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5820: 5819: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5792: 5791: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5772: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5744: 5743: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5733: 5731: 5730: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5711: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684:South Dakota 5683: 5682: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5666: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650:Rhode Island 5649: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633:Pennsylvania 5632: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5593: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577:North Dakota 5576: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5537: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5520: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5492: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5444: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5432: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5407: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5393: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5363: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5351: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5310: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5298: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5279: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5251: 5250: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5231: 5230: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5211: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5163: 5162: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5143: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5126: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5109: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5092: 5091: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5072: 5071: 5068:Associations 5067: 5065:Timeline for 5064: 5061: 5058: 5057: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5004: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4934: 4928: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4861:Gail Laughlin 4858: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4839:(1875–1935). 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4816: 4812: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4793: 4788: 4778: 4776: 4772: 4771:Title IX 4768: 4766: 4756: 4754: 4750: 4749:Kamala Harris 4745: 4741: 4739: 4734: 4732: 4727: 4725: 4720: 4711: 4709: 4698: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4683: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4672:Albert Levitt 4668: 4664: 4659: 4656: 4651: 4647: 4642: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4605: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4565: 4563: 4558: 4556: 4552: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4530: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4502: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4478: 4469: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4428: 4425: 4421: 4414: 4408: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4376: 4368: 4367: 4366: 4365:argues that: 4363: 4359: 4354: 4351: 4342: 4335: 4331: 4330: 4324: 4319: 4309: 4305: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4289:Massachusetts 4286: 4285:John W. Weeks 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4260: 4258: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4242: 4238: 4233: 4225: 4221: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4206: 4202: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4187: 4126: 4122: 4120: 4116: 4107: 4105: 4101: 4100: 4094: 4092: 4091:Woman Citizen 4088: 4084: 4080: 4079: 4073: 4071: 4067: 4066: 4061: 4057: 4052: 4051: 4040: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4021: 4015: 4011: 4001: 3999: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3981: 3977: 3971: 3969: 3965: 3960: 3956: 3945: 3943: 3938: 3927: 3925: 3921: 3907: 3903: 3901: 3897: 3892: 3877: 3860: 3856: 3853: 3845: 3841: 3836: 3827: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3808: 3802: 3800: 3796: 3791: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3772:Daniel Murray 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3736: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3718: 3714: 3713:Southern U.S. 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3672: 3668: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3653: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3636: 3634: 3628: 3624: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3594: 3589: 3585: 3576: 3572: 3567: 3559: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3524: 3515: 3512: 3507: 3505: 3500: 3496: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3476: 3472: 3466: 3457: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3428: 3423: 3419: 3417: 3413: 3408: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3393: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3375: 3371: 3370: 3364: 3355: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3316: 3312: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3293: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3267: 3262: 3253: 3249: 3247: 3242: 3240: 3225: 3207: 3206:Lucretia Mott 3203: 3199: 3191: 3182: 3178: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3150: 3148: 3144: 3138: 3131: 3126: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3113:posthumously 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3093: 3088: 3085: 3084: 3078: 3076: 3072: 3067: 3065: 3061: 3060:spiritualists 3051: 3047: 3045: 3041: 3040:New Departure 3037: 3030:New Departure 3027: 3025: 3019: 3017: 3011: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2984: 2977: 2975: 2970: 2969:enfranchising 2965: 2961: 2957: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2906: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2882: 2873: 2869: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2842: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2815:Lucretia Mott 2811: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2798:The Eleventh 2791: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2775: 2764: 2761: 2757: 2748: 2744: 2742: 2736: 2734: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2718: 2717: 2712: 2708: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2675: 2673: 2669: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2649:Lucretia Mott 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2623: 2619: 2610: 2607: 2597: 2594: 2593:Lucretia Mott 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2577:Liberty Party 2574: 2573:Liberty Party 2569: 2565: 2564:Samuel J. May 2560: 2558: 2548: 2546: 2542: 2537: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2518: 2514: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2501: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2483: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2469:minister and 2468: 2464: 2460: 2455: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2428: 2426: 2419: 2413: 2407: 2405: 2401: 2400: 2395: 2391: 2390: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2372: 2367: 2360: 2356: 2347: 2345: 2340: 2337: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2317: 2314: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2282: 2275: 2265: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2254:hunger strike 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2234: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2195: 2192: 2188: 2187: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2137: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2122: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2097: 2092: 2090: 2085: 2083: 2078: 2077: 2075: 2074: 2071: 2061: 2060: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2040: 2039: 2038: 2034: 2033: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1959: 1955: 1952: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1938: 1935: 1931: 1928: 1927: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1917: 1915: 1914: 1910: 1909: 1901: 1900: 1890: 1887: 1886: 1885: 1884:United States 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1732:Latin America 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1588: 1587: 1580: 1579: 1565: 1562: 1561: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1554:Technoscience 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1528: 1525: 1524: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1442: 1439: 1438: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1415: 1412: 1411: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1377:Art criticism 1375: 1374: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1354: 1352: 1351: 1347: 1346: 1340: 1339: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1327:Men's studies 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1284: 1282: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1270: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1227:Views on BDSM 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1212: 1211: 1203: 1202: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1151:Transmisogyny 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1111:Purplewashing 1109: 1107: 1106:Protofeminism 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1016:Honor killing 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 992: 989: 985: 982: 980: 977: 975: 972: 971: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 913: 910: 909: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 895: 894: 887: 886: 878: 875: 873: 870: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 852: 851: 848: 844: 841: 840: 839: 836: 834: 831: 825: 822: 821: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 806: 805: 802: 796: 793: 792: 791: 788: 787: 786: 785:Individualist 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 769: 766: 764: 761: 760: 759: 758:Cyberfeminism 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 740: 736: 731: 730: 722: 719: 715: 712: 711: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 693: 690: 688: 685: 683: 680: 679: 678: 675: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 652: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 637: 633: 628: 627: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 598: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 580: 579: 576: 574: 571: 567: 564: 563: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 541:Anti-abortion 539: 538: 531: 530: 518: 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 501: 498: 497: 496: 493: 489: 486: 485: 484: 481: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 463: 462: 459: 457: 454: 453: 451: 450: 447: 446:Multicultural 444: 443: 437: 434: 430: 429:Transnational 427: 425: 422: 421: 420: 417: 413: 410: 409: 408: 405: 401: 398: 396: 393: 392: 391: 388: 386: 383: 379: 376: 375: 374: 371: 370: 368: 367: 364: 361: 360: 354: 351: 347: 346:Postgenderism 344: 343: 342: 341:Transfeminism 339: 337: 334: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 316: 315: 312: 310: 307: 306: 304: 303: 298: 293: 292: 278: 275: 274: 273: 272:United States 270: 266: 263: 261: 258: 257: 256: 253: 251: 248: 244: 241: 239: 236: 235: 233: 231: 228: 226: 225:Liechtenstein 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 187: 185: 184: 180: 177: 176: 171: 168: 167: 161: 158: 156: 153: 152: 151: 148: 147: 145: 144: 140: 139: 133: 130: 128: 125: 123: 120: 118: 115: 114: 112: 111: 107: 106: 98: 95: 93: 90: 88: 85: 83: 80: 79: 78: 75: 73: 70: 68: 65: 64: 62: 61: 53: 52: 48: 44: 43: 40: 37: 36: 32: 28: 27: 20: 16: 21699: 21691: 21683: 21678: 21661: 21616:Maud Younger 21586:Mabel Vernon 21446:Alva Belmont 21431:Annie Arniel 21359: 21330: 21323: 21275:(co-founder) 21258: 21185: 21161: 21153: 21145: 21094:Mabel Vernon 21059:Alva Belmont 21000: 20927: 20855: 20828:Co-initiated 20763: 20698: 20692: 20673: 20665: 20612:(1895, 1898) 20607: 20599: 20576: 20521:Seneca Falls 20449: 20392: 20389:(1947 opera) 20384: 20376: 20369: 20361: 20294: 20271: 20103:Midway Atoll 20098:Kingman Reef 20078:Baker Island 20057:Puerto Rico 19969:South Dakota 19959:Rhode Island 19954:Pennsylvania 19934:North Dakota 19650: 19643: 19624: 19585: 19578: 19564: 19510: 19466: 19459: 19402: 19388: 19381: 19374: 19335: 19309:Marine Corps 19296: 19289: 19282: 19246:Debt ceiling 19231:Civil Rights 19213: 19206: 19192: 19178: 19164: 19135: 19130:Antisemitism 19128: 19121: 19077: 19038: 18974:2008–present 18926:Bush v. Gore 18924: 18862:War on drugs 18736:Mid Cold War 18588:Pearl Harbor 18583:World War II 18533: 18403:Ku Klux Klan 18000:Dummer's War 17939: 17932: 17926:Pre-Colonial 17761:Human rights 17741:Gun politics 17692:Islamophobia 17682:antisemitism 17550:Hospice care 17492:Middle class 17472:Homelessness 17449:Social class 17409:Social class 17273:Human rights 17263:Homelessness 17175:middle class 17140:Demographics 17115:Architecture 17022:Unemployment 17002:Labor unions 16750:Town meeting 16727:City council 16722:City manager 16463:State police 16325:Marine Corps 16315:Armed Forces 16290:civil rights 16270:Constitution 15842:Southwestern 15837:Southeastern 15827:Northwestern 15822:Northeastern 15787:Mid-Atlantic 15777:Great Plains 15495:World War II 15444: 15378:Constitution 15282:Colonial era 15261:2008–present 15090:Election law 15008:Publications 14917:Young adults 14896: 14831:Voter caging 14765:Early voting 14753:Voter access 14620:and agencies 14618:Federal laws 14486: 14475:Prostitution 14424:Marital rape 14291: 14282: 14274: 14267: 14259: 14252:Up the Women 14251: 14243: 14235: 14227: 14219: 14199:(1947 opera) 14196: 14115:Suffrage Oak 14100:Justice Bell 14087: 14045: 14038: 14031: 14023: 14015: 14008: 14000: 13993: 13981: 13968: 13955: 13655:conferences 13568: 13322:Basic topics 13180:South Dakota 13170:Rhode Island 13165:Pennsylvania 13145:North Dakota 12963: 12850: 12844: 12836:provided by 12785: 12749: 12728: 12716:. Retrieved 12711: 12705: 12693: 12669: 12649: 12629: 12609: 12589: 12570: 12548:(1): 33–60. 12545: 12541: 12515:(1): 80–93. 12512: 12508: 12475: 12455: 12431:. New York: 12427: 12417: 12408: 12399: 12390: 12365: 12361: 12328: 12324: 12299: 12289: 12265: 12248: 12231: 12202: 12185: 12167: 12146:. New York: 12142: 12131:November 17, 12129:. Retrieved 12125:the original 12120: 12089: 12062: 12047: 12038: 12007: 11988: 11964: 11953:November 17, 11951:. Retrieved 11944:the original 11931: 11926: 11915:November 18, 11913:. Retrieved 11906:the original 11889: 11885: 11876:(May 2010). 11858: 11853: 11838:. Retrieved 11826: 11820: 11804: 11781: 11761:. Retrieved 11725: 11708: 11700: 11693: 11672: 11653: 11645: 11639: 11624:. Retrieved 11606: 11582: 11565: 11548: 11531: 11514: 11494: 11478: 11459: 11439: 11425: 11402: 11390: 11365: 11356: 11330: 11317:FamilySearch 11295: 11285: 11271: 11254: 11243: 11217: 11209:Bibliography 11185:(3): 61–70. 11182: 11178: 11172: 11162:September 2, 11160:. Retrieved 11156: 11146: 11127: 11121: 11111:September 2, 11109:. Retrieved 11105: 11095: 11076: 11053:September 2, 11051:. Retrieved 11047: 10997: 10993: 10966: 10959:John R. Lott 10954: 10946: 10941: 10930: 10921: 10908: 10899: 10887:. Retrieved 10877: 10857:, p. 9. 10850: 10838: 10826: 10799: 10787: 10775: 10765:– via 10761:November 17, 10759:. Retrieved 10752: 10742: 10730: 10718: 10706: 10694: 10682: 10670: 10658: 10646: 10619: 10605: 10594: 10585: 10571: 10557: 10543: 10529: 10515: 10503: 10491: 10479: 10467: 10455: 10443: 10436:Carlson 2007 10431: 10419: 10407: 10395: 10383: 10371: 10359: 10332: 10320: 10297: 10292: 10284: 10276: 10268: 10263: 10256:. p. 1. 10253: 10218: 10212: 10193: 10187: 10168: 10129: 10123: 10101: 10095: 10081:(1): 62–78. 10078: 10074: 10068: 10054: 10040: 10026: 10012: 9986: 9979: 9954: 9948: 9942: 9928: 9914: 9897: 9891: 9885: 9876: 9871:(1996): 7–39 9868: 9863: 9854: 9842: 9830:. 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Penguin. 12492:|work= 12345:|work= 12096:. pp. 12035:Harper, Ida 11240:Baker, Jean 11006:10.1257/pol 10508:Hacker 2014 10412:Hacker 2014 10376:Arnold 2011 10352:Arnold 2011 10337:Hacker 2014 10325:Kerber 1998 9900:(1): 1–22. 9744:pp. 277–278 9708:pp. 171–172 9530:. 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768:Networked 650:Christian 385:Jineology 373:Anarchist 363:Socialist 243:Francoist 195:Australia 141:Timelines 20288:Writings 20180:Category 19994:Virginia 19944:Oklahoma 19924:New York 19899:Nebraska 19889:Missouri 19874:Michigan 19864:Maryland 19849:Kentucky 19829:Illinois 19804:Delaware 19794:Colorado 19784:Arkansas 19663:Lesbians 19637:Comanche 19632:Cherokee 19425:Medicine 19383:Genocide 19376:Religion 19298:Military 19271:Taxation 19221:Abortion 19137:Cultural 19017:Parkland 18947:Iraq War 18885:Gulf War 18657:Ivy Mike 18576:New Deal 17952:Colonial 17897:Timeline 17839:Category 17535:Abortion 17399:Religion 17357:Columbia 17315:internet 17251:Holidays 17246:Folklore 17217:literacy 17155:eviction 17045:Aviation 17017:Taxation 16972:Currency 16965:by state 16875:Scandals 16745:Township 16503:Judicial 16404:Governor 16167:Judicial 16053:Marshals 15926:Politics 15880:Missouri 15870:Columbia 15865:Colorado 15860:Arkansas 15853:Longest 15832:Southern 15817:Northern 15661:counties 15615:Military 15605:Economic 15583:By topic 15562:Iraq War 15512:Cold War 15270:By event 15135:Suffrage 15085:Election 14973:Timeline 14885:By group 14826:Poll tax 14400:movement 14383:by state 14378:Abortion 13530:Scotland 13447:Colombia 13315:Suffrage 13205:Virginia 13155:Oklahoma 13135:New York 13110:Nebraska 13100:Missouri 13085:Michigan 13075:Maryland 13060:Kentucky 13040:Illinois 13015:Delaware 13005:Colorado 12995:Arkansas 12929:", CCSWG 12830:Archived 12782:The Vote 12718:July 10, 12453:(2001). 12229:(1999). 11779:(2008). 11754:Archived 11608:Prologue 11512:(1959). 11437:(1978). 11252:(1988). 11223:ABC-CLIO 10234:Preview. 10153:Details. 10148:75385271 10117:Details. 10087:42626045 9256:July 15, 9095:(2): 20. 9059:Archived 8795:in JSTOR 8648:in JSTOR 8620:in JSTOR 8488:April 4, 8408:June 12, 8135:(2021). 8118:, 1919, 7843:Archived 7529:March 2, 7129:June 11, 7086:, 1888, 7062:, 2012, 7017:, 2001, 6833:July 29, 5838:Wyoming 5762:Vermont 5465:Montana 5300:Indiana 5232:Georgia 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12050:(2018) 11840:July 9, 11809:excerpt 11807:(2020) 11696:(1971). 11393:(1987). 11199:3346519 10909:ipu.org 9971:2150609 9355:May 18, 9195:May 28, 7810:Reuters 7716:(2011). 6371:excerpt 6320:May 31, 5945:3896499 5875:. 1917. 5622:Oregon 5493:Nevada 5328:Kansas 5252:Hawaii 5093:Alaska 4797:liberal 4685:Though 4482:Yiddish 4441:Georgia 4210:bequest 3774:, Miss 3770:, Mrs. 3539:, was: 3339:in 1900 2958:to the 2635:in the 2528:in the 2526:Normans 2223:Montana 2219:Arizona 2199:Wyoming 2117:to the 1874:Ukraine 1869:Vietnam 1779:Lebanon 1677:Germany 1667:Finland 1662:Denmark 1637:Albania 1625:Senegal 1620:Nigeria 1527:Therapy 1500:science 1399:Biology 850:Radical 804:Liberal 780:Eugenic 704:Islamic 640:Atheist 488:Lesbian 483:Chicana 476:Ratchet 471:Lesbian 466:Hip hop 390:Marxist 314:Lesbian 190:Austria 87:British 56:History 21316:Legacy 21124:Legacy 20888:Legacy 20711:Family 20604:(1881) 20536:(1848) 20410:Family 20190:Portal 20144:Cities 20127:Cities 19949:Oregon 19904:Nevada 19844:Kansas 19819:Hawaii 19774:Alaska 19762:States 19688:Places 19450:Groups 19420:Lumber 19358:Fourth 19348:Second 19158:Sports 19143:Cinema 19112:Topics 19027:Uvalde 18997:Aurora 18992:Tucson 17916:Events 17844:Portal 17751:Hunger 17702:racism 17643:Issues 17517:Health 17419:Sports 17379:People 17224:Family 17195:wealth 17120:Cinema 16945:Mining 16930:Energy 16675:Cities 16643:County 16577:Tribal 16115:Senate 15959:powers 15855:rivers 15728:ranges 15696:states 15620:Postal 15145:Voting 14902:Felons 14276:Sylvia 14026:statue 14011:statue 13984:statue 13642:Events 13604:states 13584:felons 13505:Sweden 13482:Mexico 13472:Kuwait 13437:Canada 13160:Oregon 13115:Nevada 13055:Kansas 13030:Hawaii 12985:Alaska 12784:– PBS 12758: 12737: 12677: 12657: 12637: 12617: 12597: 12560: 12529:364357 12527: 12463: 12439: 12380: 12311: 12273: 12256: 12239: 12210: 12193: 12175: 12154: 12104: 12073: 12015: 11996: 11976: 11934:] 11900: 11865: 11833: 11793: 11763:May 6, 11733: 11716: 11680: 11662: 11619: 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