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believed, that practically all these lynchings are for rape, for which it is supposed no legal penalty is sufficiently terrible and sufficiently drastic. As a matter of fact, out of the 1,985 negroes lynched, 783 were charged with murder, 707 or an average of thirty-two a year with rape (to which should be added 109 white men, or five a year, lynched for the same offense); while there are unquestioned cases of lynching of negroes for such crimes as slander, poisoning horses, throwing stones, being troublesome, and slapping a child. All arguments based upon the theory that the practice of lynching negroes is primarily due to rape absolutely disappear in the face of this statistical demonstration that two-thirds of the lynchings of negroes are for quite other and disconnected causes.
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however, the project was plagued with problems simply because Hart was very busy with many other commitments. Hart had to postpone the cyclopedia, and he asked the
Association for research and clerical staff, but the Executive Committee of the Roosevelt Memorial Association delayed appropriations for the cyclopedia, because the expense was "so great," and it was not until May 1928 that a budget was approved for the cyclopedia, although the project had been publicly announced years before. Finally in 1931, Hart presented a rough draft of the cyclopedia to Hagedorn. But the book needed much more work and the elderly Hart "began to decline" and Hagedorn reported to the RMA Executive Committee that Hart could not finish the project "because of his advanced years."
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286:, already an assistant in European history, wanted to teach the course himself. Hart served as instructor in history from 1883 to 1887, assistant professor from 1887 to 1897, and became a professor in 1897. In 1910 he was appointed Eaton Professor of the Science of Government. He was on the Harvard faculty for 43 years, retiring in 1926. In retirement he continued to write and edit from a room in
391:, and arranged for Wesley to receive the same Austin Scholar Graduate Fellowship that Du Bois had received thirty years earlier; and as a Howard University trustee, Hart used his influence to secure Wesley a leave of absence so he could complete his doctorate. However, since Hart was on academic leave that semester, Channing served as Wesley's dissertation advisor.
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says: "You don't understand how we feel down here: when there is a row, we feel like killing a nigger whether he has done anything or not." These extraordinary remedies are not necessary if the white people of the South will make their own courts and sheriffs do their duty,…and disgrace and drive out of society men who take upon themselves the hangman's office.
485:(1914), where he referred to it as "not simply extra-legal but anti-legal. It assumes guilt in many cases where guilt cannot be proved and in some cases where it does not exist; it sometimes includes manifestly innocent persons, as the negro woman who was burned at the stake by a mob because she had fled with her husband who had committed a crime."
547:"I believe that the best thing for the happiness of American and of other people is for us to remain within our present boundaries, and give our strength to governing ourselves well. I don't want Hawaii nor Cuba nor Mexico nor Canada as a free and peaceable gift." (Albert Bushnell Hart to Theodore Roosevelt, January 11, 1896, quoted in Baird, 143)
459:
Lynching is approved by most
Southern whites, as is shown by the fact that nobody has ever been severely punished for taking part in a lynching; but it is the worst and most ineffective of remedies for race troubles. Lynchings frequently degenerate into mere orgies of blood. As a young Southern white
517:
of the
Association: "What we are after is the crisp, sharp, biting sparks that flew from the Roosevelt brain." Hart told the survivors of the Harvard Class of 1880 that editing the cyclopedia "will be a very interesting and agreeable service to the memory of our great classmate." From the beginning,
476:
An examination into the causes for lynching is much more suggestive and throws a new light upon the relation of lynching to race hostility. Of the 2,585 persons lynched in the South 1,985 were negroes; and we are all perfectly familiar with the statement, repeated by
Southern writers and doubtless
428:
Hart married Mary Putnam in 1889, and they adopted twin boys in 1897. He died on July 16, 1943. Although Hart had agreed that all of his papers would go to
Harvard after his death, his papers were sold by his sons through book dealers in Newburyport, and the college attempted to recover as many as
540:"For all the weary hours spent over bibliographies and source books and textbooks, at the end of fifty years I have the satisfaction of believing that I was one of a group of young men who made history and government vital subjects for college and graduate school." (Harvard College Class of 1880,
297:
Hart edited, along with Edward
Channing, over the period from 1892 to 1895 a series of extracts from primary documents called the "American history leaflets; colonial and constitutional", which included titles such as "Extracts from the Sagas describing the voyages to Vinland", and "Documents
505:
and said that from the time of TR's death he had the idea to "present in alphabetical arrangement extracts sufficiently numerous and comprehensive to display all the phases of
Roosevelt's activities and opinions as expressed by him." This work would eventually be called the
454:
that "Perhaps something might be accomplished by special courts set up on the model of similar tribunals in slavery times, with power to deal with certain aggravated crimes outside the technicality of ordinary criminal law." Hart goes on in the same article to argue:
394:
A proponent of U.S. participation in World War I, he was accused of espionage in
December 1918, but the charges were determined to be the work of German propagandists trying to undermine his pro-British stance. In 1922,
333:(1906), and many other books. He was editor of the "American Nation" series (28 volumes, 1903–1918) and other series on American history, of many source books and guides for the study of American history, and, with
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in
Detroit to the effect that "if the people of certain States are determined to burn colored men at the stake, those States would better legalize the practice". In a similar vein he suggested in an article in the
359:
from 1911 to 1920 and from 1926 to 1932. He edited a five-volume history of
Massachusetts in 1927–1930 and worked as the official historian of the George Washington bicentennial commission from 1926 to 1932.
2992:
1771:
379:. Though a believer in the racial inferiority of African Americans, he nevertheless opposed plans to deny black students places in the Freshman Halls at Harvard in the years following
533:"'Good wine needs no bush', and if there were need to urge the reading of history it would be proof that history is too dull and unattractive to be read." ("How to Study History", in
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226:. One of the first generation of professionally trained historians in the United States, a prolific author and editor of historical works, Albert Bushnell Hart became, as
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472:, Hart takes on the myth that African Americans were lynched because they were rapists, an accusation that did not hold up to statistical scrutiny:
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3995:
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1277:"Introduction to the study of federal government : Hart, Albert Bushnell, 1854-1943 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming"
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described him, "The Grand Old Man" of American history, looking the part with his "patriarchal full beard and flowing moustaches."
1638:"Cyclopedia of American government : McLaughlin, Andrew Cunningham, 1861-1947 ed : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming"
1613:"Cyclopedia of American government : McLaughlin, Andrew Cunningham, 1861-1947 ed : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming"
1418:"Guide to the Study of American History : Edward Channing , Albert Bushnell Hart : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming"
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appointed Hart an instructor in 1883 to teach the only course in American history that the college offered, despite the fact that
1256:
371:
in 1935 and proved to be a seminal work in moving historical discussion of the Reconstruction period away from the views of the
3289:
3002:
1663:"Cyclopedia of American government : McLaughlin, Andrew Cunningham, 1861-1947 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming"
352:
307:
1336:"Epoch maps illustrating American history : Hart, Albert Bushnell, 1854-1943 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming"
402:
In the fall of 1915, he served on the Mooseheart Governing Board, and remained in that role through 1928. The 1928 edition of
383:. Aside from being the advisor for Du Bois' doctoral dissertation, Hart was also the advisor (along with Edward Channing) for
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1027:
3812:
619:). "The Colonies, 1492–1750" (1891), "Formation of the Union, 1750–1829" (1892), "Division and Reunion, 1829–1889" (1893).
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367:, to deliver his paper "Reconstruction and Its Benefits" to the AHA in New York. This essay was elaborated as the book
1121:
4015:
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1392:"Studies in American education : Hart, Albert Bushnell, 1854-1943 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming"
882:
3038:
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444:
348:
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1493:"The Monroe Doctrine: An Interpretation : Albert Bushnell Hart : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming"
1187:"Review of Lynch-Law: An Investigation into the History of Lynching in the United States by James Elbert Cutler"
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of 1912. He became an enthusiastic trustee and supporter of the Roosevelt Memorial Association, now called the
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illustrating the territorial development of the United States, 1584–1774". Hart was an editor of the
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Carol F. Baird, "Albert Bushnell Hart: The Rise of the Professional Historian," in Paul Buck (ed.),
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Carol F. Baird, "Albert Bushnell Hart: The Rise of the Professional Historian," in Paul Buck (ed.),
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Carol F. Baird, "Albert Bushnell Hart: The Rise of the Professional Historian," in Paul Buck (ed.),
387:'s dissertation. Hart was also the initial doctoral advisor for another African-American historian,
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1999:
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1443:"The foundations of American foreign policy,, by Albert Bushnell Hart | The Online Books Page"
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The Segregated Scholars: Black Social Scientists and the Creation of Black Labor Studies, 1890–1950
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1080:"What About Our History Textbooks? Pro-British Accusation Leads to Discussion and Investigation,"
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hathitrust.org bibliographic record for "American history leaflets; colonial and constitutional"
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The Half-Opened Door: Discrimination and Admissions at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton, 1900–1970
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222:(July 1, 1854 – July 16, 1943) was an American historian, writer, and editor based at
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Lynch-Law: An Investigation into the History of Lynching in the United States
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A discussion arose in 1923 as to the "Americanism" of his history textbooks
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886:. Vol. Supplement Three 1941–1945. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
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848:(five volumes, 1927–1930; Hart also contributed essays to the collection)
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1022:. Charlottesville, Virginia: University of Virginia Press. p. 166.
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Social Sciences at Harvard 1860–1920: From Inculcation to the Open Mind
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Social Sciences at Harvard 1860–1920: From Inculcation to the Open Mind
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Social Sciences at Harvard 1860–1920: From Inculcation to the Open Mind
938:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 30.
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In 1909, he played an important role in enabling his former student,
243:
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The Coercive Powers of the Government of the United States of America
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999:
Carter G. Woodson in Washington, D.C.: The Father of Black History
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267:
139:
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525:, edited by Albert Bushnell Hart and Herbert Ronald Ferleger.
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in 1912. In 1914, he was appointed exchange professor at the
263:
1247:(New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1914), Vol. 2, p. 381.
1065:"A. v. C. P. Huizinga, "That Pogrom Naturalization Bill,"
417:. An investigating committee suggested the removal of his
1243:
in Andrew C. McLaughlin and Albert Bushnell Hart (eds.),
238:
Hart was born in Clarksville, Pennsylvania (now known as
781:
American history leaflets; colonial and constitutional."
1110:(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965), 293.
1097:(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965), 133.
952:(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965), 132.
839:
Harper's Pictorial Library of the World War, Volume 1
699:
Manual of American History, Diplomacy, and Government
489:
Efforts to collect the writings of Theodore Roosevelt
876:
290:. He maintained a summer home in New Hampshire near
258:
and a classmate and friend of future U.S. President
4011:Presidents of the American Historical Association
302:from 1894 to 1902. He served as president of the
3957:
1519:"Review of School History of the United States"
960:
958:
904:. Case Western Reserve University. May 11, 2018
597:Introduction to the Study of Federal Government
497:and was elected as a Roosevelt delegate to the
468:by James Elbert Cutler (1905) published in the
254:in 1880. While at Harvard, he was a member of
2986:
1765:
1304:"Why the South was Defeated in the Civil War"
1001:(Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2014), 39
734:(1914); vol. 26 of the American Nation series
955:
443:reported on Hart making a remark before the
1363:"Practical essays on American government /"
1266:, July 20, 1941; accessed January 12, 2010.
1149:"The Outcome of the Southern Race Question"
1055:, July 17, 1943; accessed January 12, 2010.
974:, June 18, 1943; accessed January 12, 2010.
603:Why the South Was Defeated in the Civil War
341:(3 volumes, 1914). He was an editor of the
2993:
2979:
1772:
1758:
1041:
1039:
987:(Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1979), 51.
493:Hart was a devoted friend and follower of
31:
1210:
623:Epoch Maps, Illustrating American History
1523:The Mississippi Valley Historical Review
1119:
922:
347:for 14 years, and president of both the
1361:Hart, Albert Bushnell (July 30, 1893).
1302:Hart, Albert Bushnell (July 30, 1891).
1036:
792:American History told by Contemporaries
629:Practical Essays on American Government
278:at Freiburg in 1883. Harvard President
3958:
3003:American Political Science Association
1741:Works by or about Albert Bushnell Hart
1516:
1185:Hart, Albert Bushnell (January 1906).
1012:
834:, edited with Blanche E. Hazard (1914)
738:The Monroe Doctrine: An Interpretation
671:Foundations of American Foreign Policy
641:Guide to the Study of American History
481:Hart wrote the entry on "Lynching" in
353:American Political Science Association
308:American Political Science Association
2974:
1753:
916:
846:Commonwealth History of Massachusetts
1360:
1301:
1184:
1146:
554:
399:referred to Hart as an Anglomaniac.
750:School History of the United States
693:National Ideals Historically Traced
419:School History of the United States
415:National Ideals Historically Traced
274:, and received his doctorate under
13:
4026:19th-century American male writers
1241:Hart, Albert Bushnell, "Lynching,"
870:
798:Source Readers in American History
14:
4037:
3996:American male non-fiction writers
3214:Benjamin F. Shambaugh (1929–1930)
1683:
1468:"Albert Bushnell Hart | AHA"
1245:Cyclopedia of American Government
902:Encyclopedia of Cleveland History
880:(1973). "Hart, Albert Bushnell".
822:Cyclopedia of American Government
528:
523:The Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia
483:Cyclopedia of American Government
339:Cyclopedia of American Government
4021:19th-century American historians
3976:20th-century American historians
3271:Charles Grove Haines (1938–1939)
1724:
1701:
1689:
1050:"Albert B. Hart of Harvard Dies"
883:Dictionary of American Biography
558:
209:
3458:C. Herman Pritchett (1963–1964)
3033:Frederick N. Judson (1906–1907)
1782:American Historical Association
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1630:
1605:
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1568:
1557:
1510:
1485:
1460:
1435:
1410:
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1317:
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1269:
1257:"Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia"
1250:
1234:
1178:
1140:
1113:
1100:
1087:
1074:
1058:
824:(3 vols.) (1914) (co-edited by
714:(1910); focus on race relations
550:
445:American Historical Association
432:
369:Black Reconstruction in America
349:American Historical Association
304:American Historical Association
3445:Charles S. Hyneman (1961–1962)
3258:Thomas Reed Powell (1936–1937)
1191:The American Historical Review
1006:
990:
977:
942:
890:
859:Theodore Roosevelt Association
503:Theodore Roosevelt Association
327:Essentials of American History
16:American historian and scholar
1:
3852:G. Bingham Powell (2011–2012)
3297:Robert E. Cushman (1942–1943)
3240:Walter J. Shepard (1933–1934)
1732:Works by Albert Bushnell Hart
1717:Works by Albert Bushnell Hart
1447:onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu
929:"Hart, Albert Bushnell"
864:
635:Studies in American Education
535:Studies in American Education
508:Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia
3395:Charles McKinley (1954–1955)
3331:Henry R. Spencer (1947–1948)
3276:Robert C. Brooks (1939–1940)
3245:Francis W. Coker (1934–1935)
1517:Blegen, Theodore C. (1919).
786:The Romance of the Civil War
611:(3 vols.) (1891–1893) (with
375:. He served as a trustee of
233:
7:
3529:Avery Leiserson (1973–1974)
3201:Jesse S. Reeves (1927–1928)
1723:(public domain audiobooks)
1003:, accessed August 17, 2015.
852:
812:series (27 vols, 1903–1907)
806:series (3 small text-books)
689:series, covering 1831–1842)
542:Fiftieth Anniversary Report
406:is dedicated in his honor.
300:Harvard Graduates' Magazine
250:in 1870. He graduated from
10:
4042:
4006:Harvard University faculty
3991:American political writers
3919:Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier
3873:Rodney E. Hero (2014–2015)
3524:Robert E. Ward (1972–1973)
3424:R. Taylor Cole (1958–1959)
3409:Elmer Eric Schattschneider
2342:Robert Livingston Schuyler
1147:Hart, Albert (July 1908).
1071:, accessed 19 August 2015.
804:Epochs of American History
609:Epochs of American History
470:American Historical Review
411:Epochs of American History
344:American Historical Review
3981:Harvard University alumni
3756:
3545:
3355:
3177:
3143:William Archibald Dunning
3009:
2763:
2552:
2414:Bernadotte Everly Schmitt
2333:
2259:Arthur M. Schlesinger Sr.
2122:
2024:William Archibald Dunning
1928:Charles Francis Adams Jr.
1919:
1788:
1313:– via Google Books.
1153:The North American Review
774:
590:
208:
203:
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168:
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153:
138:
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88:
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39:
30:
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4016:Academics from Cleveland
3264:Clarence Addison Dykstra
2307:Kenneth Scott Latourette
2000:Frederick Jackson Turner
1576:"Classifying government"
1120:Ginzburg, Ralph (1988).
1067:The Progressive Magazine
653:Frederick Jackson Turner
397:The Progressive Magazine
276:Hermann Eduard von Holst
246:, Ohio, graduating from
158:Hermann Eduard von Holst
3519:Heinz Eulau (1971–1972)
3235:Isidor Loeb (1932–1933)
3151:Harry Augustus Garfield
2526:Lynn Townsend White Jr.
2275:William Linn Westermann
2251:James Westfall Thompson
2211:Charles Howard McIlwain
2008:William Milligan Sloane
1821:William Frederick Poole
1260:(subscription required)
1212:2027/coo.31924030316768
1126:. Black Classic Press.
1053:(subscription required)
1014:Wilson, Francille Rusan
983:Marsha Graham Synnott,
968:(subscription required)
935:Encyclopædia Britannica
898:"Hart, Albert Bushnell"
521:It appeared in 1941 as
3789:Susanne Hoeber Rudolph
3451:Carl Joachim Friedrich
3167:Charles Edward Merriam
2836:Laurel Thatcher Ulrich
2235:William Scott Ferguson
2112:Charles McLean Andrews
1123:100 Years of Lynchings
965:"Albert Bushnell Hart"
720:Formation of the Union
705:Imagination in History
479:
462:
437:In December 1900, the
319:Formation of the Union
186:Herman Vandenburg Ames
125:University of Freiburg
3986:American book editors
3602:Seymour Martin Lipset
3554:James MacGregor Burns
3310:John Gaus (1944–1945)
3228:William F. Willoughby
3018:Frank Johnson Goodnow
2721:Caroline Walker Bynum
2713:John Henry Coatsworth
2494:Robert Roswell Palmer
2299:Thomas J. Wertenbaker
2179:Herbert Eugene Bolton
2163:Evarts Boutell Greene
2155:James Harvey Robinson
2088:Charles Homer Haskins
2064:William Roscoe Thayer
1877:Richard Salter Storrs
1829:Charles Kendall Adams
1371:2027/pst.000057364643
1084:(1 July 1922), 16–17.
997:Pero Gaglo Dagbovie,
683:Slavery and Abolition
660:Salmon Portland Chase
647:(1897); 2nd ed. with
599:(1890) (2nd ed. 1891)
499:Republican convention
474:
457:
451:North American Review
331:Slavery and Abolition
323:Salmon Portland Chase
3829:Peter J. Katzenstein
3642:Samuel P. Huntington
3380:E. Pendleton Herring
3220:Edward Samuel Corwin
3159:James Wilford Garner
3079:Westel W. Willoughby
3071:Albert Bushnell Hart
2828:Gabrielle M. Spiegel
2681:William Leuchtenburg
2462:Roy Franklin Nichols
2398:Walter Prescott Webb
2323:Samuel Eliot Morison
2147:James Henry Breasted
2096:Edward Potts Cheyney
2080:Jean Jules Jusserand
2032:Andrew C. McLaughlin
1992:Albert Bushnell Hart
1853:James Burrill Angell
1797:Andrew Dickson White
1708:Albert Bushnell Hart
1698:at Wikimedia Commons
1696:Albert Bushnell Hart
878:Samuel Eliot Morison
826:Andrew C. McLaughlin
744:New American History
716:; influential survey
613:Reuben Gold Thwaites
572:adding missing items
335:Andrew C. McLaughlin
312:University of Berlin
228:Samuel Eliot Morison
220:Albert Bushnell Hart
120:University of Berlin
25:Albert Bushnell Hart
3879:Jennifer Hochschild
3821:Dianne Pinderhughes
3594:Charles E. Lindblom
3127:Paul Samuel Reinsch
2649:Natalie Zemon Davis
2358:Louis R. Gottschalk
2291:Sidney Bradshaw Fay
2283:Carlton J. H. Hayes
2203:Michael Rostovtzeff
2139:Henry Osborn Taylor
2131:Dana Carleton Munro
2056:Worthington C. Ford
2048:George Lincoln Burr
1984:George Burton Adams
1976:J. Franklin Jameson
1936:Alfred Thayer Mahan
800:(4 vols, 1901–1903)
794:(4 vols, 1898–1901)
306:in 1909 and of the
115:University of Paris
93:Academic background
4001:Theodore Roosevelt
3430:Carl Brent Swisher
3251:Arthur N. Holcombe
3087:John Bassett Moore
3047:A. Lawrence Lowell
3001:Presidents of the
2844:Barbara D. Metcalf
2796:Jonathan D. Spence
2788:James M. McPherson
2633:William H. McNeill
2585:John Hope Franklin
2577:William J. Bouwsma
2478:John King Fairbank
2422:Samuel Flagg Bemis
2227:Laurence M. Larson
2016:Theodore Roosevelt
1960:John Bach McMaster
1893:George Park Fisher
1845:William Wirt Henry
1780:Presidents of the
1706:Works by or about
1472:www.historians.org
1046:The New York Times
768:We and Our History
726:The Obvious Orient
712:The Southern South
665:American Statesman
570:; you can help by
495:Theodore Roosevelt
357:American Year Book
355:. Hart edited the
260:Theodore Roosevelt
252:Harvard University
242:), and grew up in
224:Harvard University
181:Frederic L. Paxson
105:Harvard University
3953:
3952:
3063:Simeon E. Baldwin
2968:
2967:
2820:Barbara Weinstein
2561:Richard B. Morris
2518:Thomas C. Cochran
2390:William L. Langer
2040:H. Morse Stephens
1968:Simeon E. Baldwin
1944:Henry Charles Lea
1901:James Ford Rhodes
1736:Project Gutenberg
1694:Media related to
1133:978-0-933121-18-8
1082:Publishers Weekly
1069:(13 May 1922), 81
1029:978-0-8139-2550-9
832:Colonial Children
762:Causes of the War
732:The War in Europe
677:Actual Government
588:
587:
464:In his review of
389:Charles H. Wesley
385:Carter G. Woodson
377:Howard University
217:
216:
191:Carter G. Woodson
169:Doctoral students
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365:W. E. B. Du Bois
262:. He studied at
248:West High School
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176:W. E. B. Du Bois
154:Doctoral advisor
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2072:Edward Channing
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649:Edward Channing
645:Edward Channing
593:
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578:
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515:Herman Hagedorn
491:
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292:Mount Monadnock
288:Widener Library
284:Edward Channing
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3945:(2023–present)
3943:Mark E. Warren
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1684:External links
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1582:. July 6, 1914
1567:
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1324:www.amazon.com
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1264:New York Times
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926:, ed. (1911).
924:Chisholm, Hugh
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617:Woodrow Wilson
606:
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530:
529:Notable quotes
527:
490:
487:
440:New York World
434:
431:
373:Dunning School
351:(AHA) and the
317:Hart authored
256:Phi Beta Kappa
235:
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215:
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73:(aged 89)
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52:
41:
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24:
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9:
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2:
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3927:John Ishiyama
3924:
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3887:David A. Lake
3884:
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3806:
3802:
3798:
3797:Margaret Levi
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3781:Theda Skocpol
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3765:Robert Jervis
3762:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3747:
3743:
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3731:
3727:
3723:
3722:Elinor Ostrom
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
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3699:
3695:
3691:
3690:Lucius Barker
3687:
3683:
3679:
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3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3650:Kenneth Waltz
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3626:Richard Fenno
3623:
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3615:
3611:
3607:
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3599:
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3591:
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3586:Warren Miller
3583:
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3488:Merle Fainsod
3485:
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3477:
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3461:
3456:
3452:
3448:
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3418:
3417:V. O. Key Jr.
3414:
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3398:
3393:
3389:
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3381:
3377:
3373:
3372:Luther Gulick
3369:
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3338:
3337:Quincy Wright
3334:
3329:
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3308:
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3300:
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2917:
2916:J. R. McNeill
2913:
2909:
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2897:
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2889:
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2884:Vicki L. Ruiz
2881:
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2726:
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2670:
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2542:Gordon Wright
2539:
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2435:
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2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1952:Goldwin Smith
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1924:
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1813:Justin Winsor
1810:
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1601:www.jstor.org
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827:
823:
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811:
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802:
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627:
624:
621:
618:
614:
610:
607:
604:
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598:
595:
594:
582:
579:December 2012
573:
569:
566:This list is
564:
557:
556:
548:
545:
543:
538:
536:
526:
524:
519:
516:
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509:
504:
500:
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478:
473:
471:
467:
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456:
453:
452:
446:
442:
441:
430:
426:
424:
423:New York City
420:
416:
412:
407:
405:
404:Seniors' Book
400:
398:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
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354:
350:
346:
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340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:Charles Eliot
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
231:
229:
225:
221:
212:
207:
202:
198:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
173:
171:
167:
164:Academic work
162:
159:
156:
152:
148:
147:
143:
141:
137:
130:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
110:
106:
103:
102:
100:
96:
91:
87:
82:
81:Massachusetts
78:
69:July 16, 1943
68:
64:
59:
55:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
3903:Rogers Smith
3866:John Aldrich
3757:2000–present
3706:Sidney Verba
3578:Leon Epstein
3504:Karl Deutsch
3496:David Easton
3464:David Truman
3388:Ralph Bunche
3111:Munroe Smith
3095:Ernst Freund
3070:
2955:
2764:2001–present
2470:Hajo Holborn
2406:Allan Nevins
2315:Conyers Read
2195:William Dodd
1991:
1670:. Retrieved
1666:
1657:
1645:. Retrieved
1641:
1632:
1620:. Retrieved
1616:
1607:
1596:
1584:. Retrieved
1579:
1570:
1559:
1526:
1522:
1512:
1500:. Retrieved
1496:
1487:
1475:. Retrieved
1471:
1462:
1450:. Retrieved
1446:
1437:
1425:. Retrieved
1421:
1412:
1400:. Retrieved
1395:
1386:
1374:. Retrieved
1365:. New York.
1356:
1344:. Retrieved
1339:
1330:
1319:
1307:. Retrieved
1297:
1285:. Retrieved
1280:
1271:
1263:
1252:
1244:
1236:
1224:. Retrieved
1194:
1190:
1180:
1168:. Retrieved
1156:
1152:
1142:
1122:
1115:
1107:
1102:
1094:
1089:
1081:
1076:
1066:
1060:
1045:
1018:
1008:
998:
992:
984:
979:
971:
949:
944:
933:
918:
906:. Retrieved
901:
892:
881:
872:
845:
838:
831:
821:
815:
809:
803:
797:
791:
785:
780:
767:
761:
755:
749:
743:
737:
731:
725:
719:
711:
704:
698:
692:
686:
682:
676:
670:
664:
658:
640:
634:
628:
622:
608:
602:
596:
576:
551:Publications
546:
541:
539:
534:
532:
522:
520:
512:
492:
482:
480:
475:
469:
465:
463:
458:
449:
438:
436:
433:On lynchings
427:
418:
414:
410:
408:
403:
401:
396:
393:
368:
362:
356:
342:
338:
330:
326:
322:
318:
316:
299:
296:
237:
219:
218:
149: (1883)
145:
71:(1943-07-16)
58:Pennsylvania
50:July 1, 1854
18:
3971:1943 deaths
3966:1854 births
3937:(2022–2023)
3935:Lisa Martin
3929:(2021–2022)
3921:(2020–2021)
3913:(2019–2020)
3905:(2018–2019)
3897:(2017–2018)
3889:(2016–2017)
3881:(2015–2016)
3868:(2013–2014)
3860:(2012–2013)
3847:(2010–2011)
3839:(2009–2010)
3831:(2008–2009)
3823:(2007–2008)
3815:(2006–2007)
3807:(2005–2006)
3799:(2004–2005)
3791:(2003–2004)
3783:(2002–2003)
3775:(2001–2002)
3767:(2000–2001)
3748:(1999–2000)
3740:(1998–1999)
3732:(1997–1998)
3724:(1996–1997)
3716:(1995–1996)
3708:(1994–1995)
3700:(1993–1994)
3692:(1992–1993)
3684:(1991–1992)
3676:(1990–1991)
3668:(1989–1990)
3660:(1988–1989)
3652:(1987–1988)
3644:(1986–1987)
3636:(1985–1986)
3628:(1984–1985)
3620:(1983–1984)
3612:(1982–1983)
3604:(1981–1982)
3596:(1980–1981)
3588:(1979–1980)
3580:(1978–1979)
3572:(1977–1978)
3570:John Wahlke
3564:(1976–1977)
3562:Samuel Beer
3556:(1975–1976)
3537:(1974–1975)
3514:(1970–1971)
3506:(1969–1970)
3498:(1968–1969)
3490:(1967–1968)
3482:(1966–1967)
3474:(1965–1966)
3466:(1964–1965)
3453:(1962–1963)
3440:(1960–1961)
3432:(1959–1960)
3419:(1957–1958)
3411:(1956–1957)
3403:(1955–1956)
3390:(1953–1954)
3382:(1952–1953)
3374:(1951–1952)
3366:(1950–1951)
3347:(1949–1950)
3339:(1948–1949)
3326:(1946–1947)
3318:(1945–1946)
3305:(1943–1944)
3292:(1941–1942)
3284:(1940–1941)
3266:(1937–1938)
3253:(1935–1936)
3230:(1931–1932)
3222:(1930–1931)
3209:(1928–1929)
3196:(1926–1927)
3188:(1925–1926)
3169:(1924–1925)
3161:(1923–1924)
3153:(1922–1923)
3145:(1921–1922)
3137:(1920–1921)
3129:(1919–1920)
3121:(1918–1919)
3113:(1916–1918)
3105:(1915–1916)
3097:(1914–1915)
3089:(1913–1914)
3081:(1912–1913)
3073:(1911–1912)
3065:(1910–1911)
3057:(1909–1910)
3049:(1908–1909)
3041:(1907–1908)
3039:James Bryce
3028:(1905–1906)
3026:Albert Shaw
3020:(1903–1905)
2948:Edward Muir
2657:Akira Iriye
2534:Lewis Hanke
2366:Merle Curti
2243:Max Farrand
2114:(1924–1925)
2066:(1918–1919)
1863:(1893–1894)
1861:Henry Adams
1855:(1892–1893)
1799:(1884–1885)
1159:(632): 56.
513:Hart wrote
381:World War I
54:Clarksville
3960:Categories
3658:Lucian Pye
3103:Jesse Macy
2753:Eric Foner
1712:Wikisource
1529:(1): 146.
1197:(2): 427.
865:References
568:incomplete
429:possible.
46:1854-07-01
3546:1975–2000
3356:1950–1975
3178:1925–1950
3010:1903–1925
2780:Lynn Hunt
2553:1976–2000
2334:1951–1975
2123:1926–1950
1920:1901–1925
1789:1884–1900
1543:0161-391X
1226:March 18,
425:schools.
337:, of the
244:Cleveland
234:Biography
204:Signature
98:Education
1837:John Jay
1721:LibriVox
1672:July 30,
1647:July 30,
1622:July 30,
1586:July 28,
1502:July 30,
1477:July 30,
1452:July 30,
1427:July 30,
1402:July 30,
1376:July 30,
1346:July 30,
1309:July 30,
1287:July 30,
1170:April 6,
1165:25106167
1016:(2006).
908:March 1,
853:See also
544:, 1930)
537:, 1895)
329:(1905),
325:(1899),
321:(1892),
272:Freiburg
1743:at the
1551:1886681
1221:1834681
667:series)
643:, with
2960:(2024)
2950:(2023)
2942:(2022)
2934:(2021)
2926:(2020)
2918:(2019)
2910:(2018)
2902:(2017)
2894:(2016)
2886:(2015)
2878:(2014)
2870:(2013)
2862:(2012)
2854:(2011)
2846:(2010)
2838:(2009)
2830:(2008)
2822:(2007)
2814:(2006)
2806:(2005)
2798:(2004)
2790:(2003)
2782:(2002)
2774:(2001)
2755:(2000)
2747:(1999)
2739:(1998)
2731:(1997)
2723:(1996)
2715:(1995)
2707:(1994)
2699:(1993)
2691:(1992)
2683:(1991)
2675:(1990)
2667:(1989)
2659:(1988)
2651:(1987)
2643:(1986)
2635:(1985)
2627:(1984)
2619:(1983)
2611:(1982)
2603:(1981)
2595:(1980)
2587:(1979)
2579:(1978)
2571:(1977)
2563:(1976)
2544:(1975)
2536:(1974)
2528:(1973)
2520:(1972)
2512:(1971)
2504:(1971)
2496:(1970)
2488:(1969)
2480:(1968)
2472:(1967)
2464:(1966)
2456:(1965)
2448:(1964)
2440:(1963)
2432:(1962)
2424:(1961)
2416:(1960)
2408:(1959)
2400:(1958)
2392:(1957)
2384:(1956)
2376:(1955)
2368:(1954)
2360:(1953)
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