356:
from the SPA's convention at
Machinists' Hall in Chicago and ran a parallel convention to the official one upstairs — a gathering which was joined by a steady stream of disgruntled Left Wing delegates bolting from the official gathering. Wagenknecht presided over this alternative convention, which on August 31, 1919, declared itself to be the founding convention of the Communist Labor Party. This convention elected Wagenknecht as National Secretary of the CLP, a role which he maintained throughout the organization's brief history.
839:
814:
231:, where he fought a bitter battle with a representative of a moderate faction of the old Local Seattle organization which had been deprived of its charter by the State Committee for "political fusionism" late in 1906. The pair argued their cases on the floor of the convention for 20 minutes each, with the body ultimately deciding not to intervene against the
33:
331:, the organized faction seeking to "win the Socialist Party for the Left Wing." Wagenknecht ran for National Executive Secretary of the Socialist Party in 1919 and was the leading vote-getter in the race, which was ultimately annulled by the outgoing NEC on account of purported voting irregularities by the
192:
355:
of the SPA owing to the expulsion of the
Socialist Party of Ohio from the party for their endorsement of the Left Wing Manifesto, which was portrayed by the Regular-dominated outgoing NEC as an automatic violation of the party constitution. Consequently, Wagenknecht cleverly rented a room downstairs
268:
Wagenknecht decided to move along, going to work for the
National Office of the Socialist Party of America as a National Organizer. In 1914, he was elected to the governing National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party for the first time. After his stint in Chicago came to a close, Wagenknecht
338:
Wagenknecht and the Left Wing attempted to establish themselves as a parallel
National Executive Committee despite the outgoing NEC's refusal to officially tabulate the vote, and the "new NEC" met one time in Chicago in August in an attempt to assert authority over the party apparatus, with
371:, coordinated actions which began in the fall of 1919 and reached their zenith with a mass operation conducted during the evening of Jan. 1/2, 1919. The CLP was driven underground, local organizations broken up into secret "groups" of no more than 10 members who met furtively, using
161:, the son of Ernst Wagenknecht, a shoemaker. The family emigrated to the United States in 1884, and thus the German-born Wagenknecht essentially grew up as an American, living in Cleveland before departing as a young man for Washington state, on the West Coast.
269:
moved his family back to Ohio, where he was elected State
Secretary of the Socialist Party of Ohio in 1917, serving through 1919. He was also a delegate to the pivotal 1917 Emergency National Convention of the SPA, held at the Planters' Hotel in
187:
The next year saw
Wagenknecht serving as the Press Agent for Local Seattle. He was an active member in the party's radical Pike Street Branch, which engaged in a long-running battle with the moderate Central Branch throughout the decade.
390:, at the end of May 1920. This gathering determined to retain Wagenknecht as executive secretary of the new organization, called the United Communist Party (UCP), assigning the important role of Editor of the party's official newspaper,
418:
was established by the unified CPA, and
Wagenknecht was named by the CEC of the party to head it. He also sat on the Central Executive Committees of the (underground) unified CPA and the party's "Legal Political Party" — the
562:
228:
318:
Upon his release, "Wag" was elected to the
National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party and worked for National Office running the party's Propaganda Department. He was an early and fierce adherent of the
394:
to
Ruthenberg. Wagenknecht also served on the UCP's Editorial Committee and on the three-member Unity Committee which continued to negotiate a merger agreement with the remaining CPA organization, headed by
1706:
488:. He was bypassed for the responsible position by a rapid succession of three others, however, who were selected for the post based upon their loyalty to the majority faction headed by Executive Secretary
521:
in 1929 and its deepening in subsequent years, the CPUSA began placing great emphasis on attempting to organize and mobilize unemployed workers. In
November 1930, Wagenknecht was placed in charge of the
382:(CPA) along with a number of co-thinkers and a big portion of the organization's cash. This Ruthenberg-CPA and Wagenknecht's CLP finally determined to achieve the organizational unity demanded by the
375:
and attempting to avoid detection by the authorities. Wagenknecht was known variously as "Paul Holt," "A.B. Mayer," "A.B. Martin," and "U.P. Duffy" during the "underground years" of 1920–1923.
203:. Wagenknecht was prominent in the ongoing free speech fights which local Seattle had with city officials over the right to speak in public and hold meetings on city streets and sidewalks.
410:
The merger of the UCP meant the end of Wagenknecht's tenure as an executive secretary. From June 1921, Wagenknecht served as the Manager of the unified CPA's "legal" weekly newspaper,
300:
for allegedly obstructing the draft. The trio were tried together and found guilty and sentenced to 1 year in the State Penitentiary on July 21, 1917. This decision was upheld by the
407:. Confusingly, this new unified organization retained the name "Communist Party of America," the same moniker shared by the Dirba majority and the Ruthenberg minority organizations.
530:. The group conducted a massive petitioning campaign which rapidly gathered what were claimed to be 1.4 million signatures, which Wagenknecht and a delegation of 140 presented to
511:. Wagenknecht was attempting to reestablish a tent colony of mill strikers which had been disbursed by local authorities. Instead, on June 12, Wagenknecht was himself arrested.
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The Wagenknecht family was politically radical from Alfred's early years, with his father making a cash donation to the colonization fund established by the fledgling
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As was the case for many rank-and-file party members of the day, Wagenknecht was a regular candidate for public office on the Socialist ticket, running for
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in 1903. In this capacity he organized speakers for the branch, coordinated "street meetings" designed to bring socialist ideas to passersby by means of
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1459:
441:. Wagenknecht seems to have been difficult for both the Pepper-Ruthenberg-Lovestone and the Foster-Cannon-Lore factions and was shipped off to the
423:(WPA) — from 1922 to 1923, when the underground party was finally dissolved. Thereafter, Wagenknecht was made the District Organizer for the tiny
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492:. Lovestone singled his factional opponent Wagenknecht out for special criticism in the last pamphlet he published as head of the CPUSA,
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recalling Wagenknecht's "hesitation" and "wavering" over the "fundamental principle of splitting the Socialist Party" a decade earlier.
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in 1906, for Seattle Comptroller in 1908, and for Congress again in 1912 when the party's first choice, John Wanhope, stepped aside.
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on January 15, 1918, and the three were not released until after completion of the sentence (less time off) on December 8, 1918.
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224:, to Seattle, Wagenknecht left the employ of Local Seattle and went to work for Titus as Business Manager for his publication.
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Wagenknecht was the State Chairman of the Communist Party in Missouri from 1938 to 1941 and in Illinois from 1941 to 1945.
414:
with Wagenknecht's brother-in-law, Elmer Allison editing the publication. In 1922, a legal "mass organization" called the
360:
176:
Wagenknecht was drawn to radical politics at an early age, elected Organizer of the Pike Street Branch of Local Seattle,
124:
activist and political functionary. He is best remembered for having played a critical role in the establishment of the
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352:
301:
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In 1924, Wagenknecht worked as a "Director of Special Campaigns" for the WPA, managing the fund-raising drive for the
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Wagenknecht declaring himself "Executive Secretary Pro Tem." This effort was rebuffed by sitting Executive Secretary
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in the last years of the 1920s as the "most competent comrade for the position" by the minority faction headed by
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In April 1920, Wagenknecht's former prisonmate turned Executive Secretary rival C. E. Ruthenberg left the
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Alfred Wagenknecht, called "Wag" (pronounced "Wog") by many of his friends, was born August 15, 1881, in
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580:
Wagenknecht remained a Communist Party loyalist for the rest of his days, dying on August 26, 1956 in
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210:(SPW) in 1905 and was the paid Local Secretary-Treasurer of a newly reorganized Local Seattle in 1906.
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argued in favor of unemployment insurance legislation as a means of curbing revolutionary sentiment.
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Wagenknecht was the executive secretary of the American section of the Comintern aid organization
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brought him into conflict with the law. State Secretary Wagenknecht was indicted along with Local
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Wagenknecht separated from his wife Hortense in 1930 and was finally divorced in January 1948.
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While still in jail Wagenknecht was selected by the June 14–16, 1918 state convention of the
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526:, a single-purpose mass organization of the party aimed at organizing around the issue of
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to take up the matters of the Communists and their issue on the floor the next day, with
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662:"John Wanhope Withdraws: Alfred Wagenknecht Becomes Candidate for Congressman at Large,"
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399:. Unity with this group was finally forged at a May 1921 secret convention held at the
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692:"Party Pre-Convention Discussion Section: The Right Danger in the American Party,"
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and honored at his passing with a full-page photograph inside the front cover of
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565:, a CP-sponsored "mass organization." In the fall of that year he ran for the
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List of Communist Party USA members who have held office in the United States
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Later, Wagenknecht turned his hand to film, producing and co-starring in the
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House of Representatives, February 11, 1931, pp. 4624-4644, cited in Klehr,
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speakers, and organized social events such as music recitals and dances.
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In 1905 Wagenknecht married Hortense Allison, sister of party comrade
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Wagenknecht was touted for the role of business manager of the
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In 1933, Wagenknecht served as the executive secretary of the
238:
In 1912 he was elected Assistant State Secretary of the SPW.
91:
721:
Bill Dunne, "Beal Charged With Murder; Wagenknecht Jailed,"
284:
After American entry into the war, Wagenknecht's unyielding
351:
Wagenknecht was not eligible to participate in the seminal
427:
district of the WPA, with this job beginning in May 1923.
171:
739:
The Heyday of American Communism: The Depression Decade.
1478:
Communist Party v. Subversive Activities Control Board
767:"Communist Candidates in New York District Election,"
524:
National Campaign Committee for Unemployment Insurance
206:
Wagenknecht was elected to the State Committee of the
1835:
Emigrants from the German Empire to the United States
809:
709:
New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1929; pp. 7-8.
588:
the theoretical monthly of the Communist Party USA.
120:(August 15, 1881 – August 26, 1956) was an American
563:
National Committee to Aid Victims of German Fascism
132:. Wagenknecht served as executive secretary of the
16:
American Marxist activist and political functionary
469:, initially led by Wagenknecht and other American
1840:Socialist Party of America politicians from Ohio
1806:
1460:Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board
783:"The Struggle Against Unemployment in the USA,"
629:Alfred Wagenknecht, "Pike Street Branch Notes,"
616:Cyrus Field Willard, "Colonization Department,"
346:
248:In July 1913, Wagenknecht became Editor of the
229:1908 National Convention of the Socialist Party
534:on February 10, 1931. The petition caused the
430:
864:
227:Wagenknecht was a delegate of the SPW to the
696:vol. 5, no. 293 (December 11, 1928), pg. 3.
657:
655:
649:, whole no. 320 (February 16, 1907), pg. 3.
620:, vol. 4, no. 33 (December 9, 1897), pg. 3.
359:The CLP was devastated by the raids of the
871:
857:
771:vol. 10, no. 241 (October 7, 1933), pg. 5.
733:
731:
633:, whole no. 170 (November 8, 1903), pg. 2.
503:in 1929 — a job which in June took him to
445:to organize trade unions on behalf of the
343:and the party's Regular faction, however.
31:
607:, whole no. 341 (August 31, 1907), pg. 3.
1693:Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party
652:
329:Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party
190:
130:Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party
878:
728:
717:
715:
688:
686:
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1644:American Committee for Spanish Freedom
725:vol. 6, no. 83 (June 13, 1929), pg. 1.
676:"Ohio State Ticket, Socialist Party,"
667:, whole no. 80 (July 12, 1912), pg. 1.
172:Political activity in Washington state
852:
680:, whole no. 23 (July 2, 1918), pg. 2.
264:Shortly after assuming editorship of
1845:Members of the Communist Labor Party
840:Works by or about Alfred Wagenknecht
741:New York: Basic Books, 1984; pg. 54.
712:
683:
641:
639:
1830:People from the Province of Silesia
785:International Press Correspondence,
575:
546:alien radicals from America, while
13:
791:
645:Richard Krueger, "Seattle Notes,"
603:See, for example: "Wag's Letter",
507:, to the scene of the acrimonious
461:, a semi-fictional account of the
353:1919 Emergency National Convention
14:
1881:
833:
787:March 26, 1931, pp. 340–341.
756:The Heydey of American Communism,
636:
447:Red International of Labor Unions
138:United Communist Party of America
1765:Relations with African Americans
812:
140:in 1919 and 1920, respectively.
134:Communist Labor Party of America
1850:Communist Party USA politicians
801:. New York: Viking Press, 1957.
799:The Roots of American Communism
761:
744:
386:at a secret convention held at
259:
1469:Aptheker v. Secretary of State
699:
670:
623:
610:
597:
148:
1:
1870:Washington (state) socialists
1751:San Francisco Workers' School
1514:Keyishian v. Board of Regents
828:Socialist Party of Washington
465:of 16,000 textile workers at
347:Communist Labor Party founder
208:Socialist Party of Washington
591:
501:Workers International Relief
213:In 1907, with the return of
143:
7:
805:
431:Communist Party functionary
367:and his Special Assistant,
311:as the party's nominee for
166:Social Democracy of America
128:in 1919 as a leader of the
10:
1886:
1786:Young Communist League USA
458:The Passaic Textile Strike
380:Communist Party of America
315:in the November election.
178:Socialist Party of America
1793:Young Pioneers of America
1635:
1606:
1574:
1567:
1450:
1229:
1073:
978:
895:
888:
707:Pages from Party History.
494:Pages from Party History,
296:and Ohio State Organizer
97:
87:
75:
42:
30:
23:
1855:Politicians from Seattle
1679:International Publishers
1651:Bill of Rights socialism
1548:Watkins v. United States
777:
536:House of Representatives
505:Gastonia, North Carolina
421:Workers Party of America
416:Friends of Soviet Russia
361:US Department of Justice
195:Alfred Wagenknecht, 1905
126:American Communist Party
1721:New York Workers School
1532:Scales v. United States
1496:Dennis v. United States
567:New York State Assembly
542:arguing for efforts to
517:With the coming of the
473:and Communist leaders.
401:Overlook Mountain House
384:Communist International
313:Ohio Secretary of State
309:Socialist Party of Ohio
1672:English-language press
1557:Yates v. United States
1336:Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
1308:Shirley Graham Du Bois
1217:Rossana Cambron &
1084:(1919–1920; 1922–1927)
750:For this debate, see:
528:unemployment insurance
327:and was active in the
196:
1758:Soviet Negro Republic
1665:Communist Labor Party
1523:Noto v. United States
1301:Benjamin J. Davis Jr.
1114:L. E. Katterfeld
1082:C. E. Ruthenberg
752:Congressional Record,
449:(RILU) late in 1924.
194:
1714:National conventions
1406:William L. Patterson
333:language federations
1860:American socialists
1825:People from Görlitz
1686:Language federation
881:Communist Party USA
618:The Social Democrat
486:Alexander Bittelman
467:Passaic, New Jersey
405:Woodstock, New York
321:Left Wing Manifesto
271:St. Louis, Missouri
250:Everett, Washington
65:Province of Silesia
37:Wagenknecht c. 1918
1779:Yokinen Show Trial
1487:De Jonge v. Oregon
1378:Antoinette Konikow
1350:Dorothy Ray Healey
1090:Alfred Wagenknecht
678:The Ohio Socialist
586:Political Affairs,
552:Fiorello LaGuardia
388:Bridgman, Michigan
365:A. Mitchell Palmer
197:
168:in November 1897.
118:Alfred Wagenknecht
47:Alfred Wagenknecht
25:Alfred Wagenknecht
1865:American Marxists
1802:
1801:
1728:Non-English press
1700:Lincoln Battalion
1631:
1630:
1427:Charles E. Taylor
1364:Oakley C. Johnson
1245:William Albertson
1230:Prominent members
1186:William Z. Foster
1162:William Z. Foster
1132:(1922; 1927–1929)
1122:William Weinstone
1069:
1068:
979:Vice Presidential
940:Charlene Mitchell
904:William Z. Foster
797:Theodore Draper,
769:The Daily Worker,
723:The Daily Worker,
694:The Daily Worker,
509:Loray Mill Strike
482:William Z. Foster
275:St. Louis Program
266:The Commonwealth,
252:Socialist weekly
235:State Committee.
215:Hermon F. Titus's
115:
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1636:Related articles
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1252:Herbert Aptheker
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576:Death and legacy
569:in District 14.
519:Great Depression
302:US Supreme Court
294:C. E. Ruthenberg
254:The Commonwealth
159:Imperial Germany
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1744:Red diaper baby
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1280:Marc Blitzstein
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705:Jay Lovestone,
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369:J. Edgar Hoover
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325:Louis C. Fraina
290:Cuyahoga County
273:, at which the
262:
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104:Communist Labor
99:
98:Other political
88:Political party
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79:August 26, 1956
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57:August 15, 1881
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1238:Bernard Ades
1170:Earl Browder
1154:Abram Jakira
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81:(1956-08-26)
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1294:Anne Burlak
1259:Max Bedacht
1212:(2014–2019)
1204:(2000–2014)
1196:(1959–2000)
1188:(1945–1957)
1180:(1945–1959)
1172:(1934–1945)
1164:(1929–1934)
1156:(1922–1923)
1148:(1921–1922)
1140:(1921–1922)
1124:(1921–1922)
1108:(late 1920)
1100:(1920–1921)
1092:(1919–1921)
463:1926 strike
454:silent film
443:Philippines
412:The Toiler,
403:hotel near
243:US Congress
149:Early years
106:(1919–1921)
1809:Categories
1772:Ware Group
1658:Browderism
1451:Litigation
1315:Bella Dodd
373:pseudonyms
363:headed by
53:1881-08-15
592:Footnotes
233:left wing
218:left wing
144:Biography
109:Socialist
92:Communist
1590:Maryland
1219:Joe Sims
1202:Sam Webb
1194:Gus Hall
952:Gus Hall
889:Nominees
806:See also
582:Illinois
556:New York
532:Congress
136:and the
1615:Alabama
1607:Defunct
1583:Georgia
1575:Current
1074:Leaders
842:at the
758:pg. 54.
471:Marxist
182:soapbox
155:Görlitz
122:Marxist
61:Görlitz
1622:Hawaii
1116:(1921)
544:deport
1597:Texas
778:Works
292:head
1059:1984
1055:1980
1043:1976
1039:1972
1027:1968
1015:1940
1011:1936
1007:1932
995:1928
991:1924
968:1984
964:1980
960:1976
956:1972
944:1968
932:1940
928:1936
916:1932
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908:1924
484:and
76:Died
43:Born
554:of
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51:(
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