914:'nation in formation' thesis which argued that Algeria was a 'nation in formation', at the early stages of its development, and thus unsuited to separation from the French nation it naturally belonged to. Whilst many members of the PCA, particularly Islamic members, rejected this thesis, it influenced PCA organizational slogans and theory, and contributed to the notion that France's communist revolution would have to occur before Algeria's. This continued boosting the PPA's popularity with an Arabic population in Algeria, who felt the PCA was increasingly subordinated to the concerns of Pieds-Noirs in the industrial centers and their preoccupation with European affairs.
1044:. Despite having subsumed itself militarily within the ALN, the PCA began objecting to the FLN's increasing focus on military struggle and neglect of political organisation. Though agreeing to an alliance with the PCA out of necessity, the FLN remained distrustful of any communist influence within the movement and began speaking more openly about its intention to "liquidate" communist elements following independence, favoring a one party system over the PCA's endorsement of a pluralist, multi-party democracy. By the end of the war in 1962 the PCA was organizationally still intact but had diminished significantly in membership due to its effective merger with the FLN.
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the French administration's response to the attacks was not clear. In private, the PCA did begin supplying the newly formed FLN with arms, despite outwardly adopting a position of deliberate ambiguity so as to ensure it was given room by the French colonial administration to continue organizing publicly. In 1955, the central committee decided to wholly commit itself to the
Algerian War. Despite this, the PCA suffered immensely from government repression, given its position as the most widely known radical group (the FLN was still relatively obscure in the early years of the Algerian War). Key leaders of the movement were either arrested or, in cases such as that of
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27:
1060:. After the cessation of hostilities with the French army, the FLN's hostility to communism was free to bubble to the surface and in November 1962 the PCA was banned by the FLN. In 1963 the FLN was proclaimed the sole legal party through a constitutional referendum, and in 1964 the FLN took control over the PCA paper Alger républicain. Though the PCA continued to operate underground and continued to launch (unsuccessful) communist and socialist groups, its influence continued to decline, particularly after the
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tension between the PCA and CCP as the former lined up with the Soviet Union in the split, with the latter being favored by the FLN. Indeed, the CCP's preference for the FLN over the PCA led to
Chairman Mao speaking of both the French and Algerian communists as having a hatred for the CCP. China continued to prioritize close relations with the FLN after the Algerian War, extolling the party as not only a party fighting 'against imperialism and feudalism', but also as a party practicing socialism proper.
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anti-imperialism, the PCA's ties to it - until its dissolution in 1943 - also meant the PCA's program was often being designed in support of Soviet aims, rather than
Algerian ones. During the 1930s, the PCA was forced, along with the PCF, to support "popular front" aims and therefore reduce the emphasis on Algerian independence to avoid weakening the anti-fascist alliance in France. With the advent of war in 1939, France banned both the PCA and the PCF on the grounds of national security.
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1029:(ALN) (though it insisted on remaining politically separate). Importantly, the FLN insisted on marginalizing the possible communist influence on its power and maintain support from non-communist countries such as the US by keeping this collaboration private. The FLN viewed the alliance with the PCA as strictly pragmatic, keenly aware of the differences between its own prioritization of the peasant struggle and the PCA's belief in proletarian vanguardism.
975:(UDMA). The party's appeal increased substantially with Algerians, particularly young intellectuals in the urban centers who favored the more class-based analysis of the PCA, and by 1948 it had between 12,000 and 15,000 members. Despite this, efforts at unity with nationalist parties often stalled due to nationalist distrust of the PCA in light of its condemnation of Algerian nationalists in the wake of the Sétif and Guelma massacres in 1945.
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925:, the PCA, along with numerous other Algerian political parties and organisations, faced severe repression by the French authorities. On 26 September 1939 the French government banned both the domestic PCF, the PCA and Messali Hadj's PPA on the ground of national security, and by November it had granted itself powers to arrest any individual seen to threaten national security, severely hindering the actions of the PCA. On top of this, the
910:(PPA), which it saw as competing for a similar base of political support in the radicalised Algerian masses. Though the PCA performed well in Algiers' local elections of 1937, thereafter its voter base steadily began to switch to supporting the PPA, who began to capitalise on the PCF's equivocation over the issue of independence. The PCF exerted pressure upon the PCA during this time to support PCF General Secretary
1088:. The FLN's preclusion of inner debate by communists severely restricted the PCA's influence, as many members were forced to put aside communist agitation for FLN activities. By 1962, however, the PCA reemerged as a key force in Algerian politics, controlling one of the few Algerian newspapers which had survived the Algerian War intact. However, FLN repression soon followed to quash possible rivals, solidified in
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intention to form a new united front, though this endeavour was hindered by increasing factionalism within the MTLD between supports and opponents of
Messali Hadj. By the advent of the Algerian War, the PCA had grown substantially in support, though increasingly found itself torn between its commitment to non-violence on the one hand, and its extensive coverage, through its publication
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Liberty (AML). Though the PCA continued to grow in popularity - doubling in membership between 1939 and 1944 - the growth in membership and popularity continued to be concentrated among
European populations. Towards the end of the war, the PCA's hostility towards the US contrasted with the warmth many Algerians felt towards America in light of the
900:, beginning in 1935, was particularly important for this switch in the PCA's position, and the increasing propagation of Spanish fascist propaganda to Northern Africa prompted the PCA to de-emphasize its anti-colonialist position so as not to weaken the efforts of the PCF in France in constructing a popular front against domestic fascism.
1115:(PCF) shared a close link throughout the PCA's existence, and much of early PCA policy was dictated by the demands of the PCF. The PCA came into existence in 1920 as an Algerian section of the PCF, but in 1936 was granted autonomy and became an independent party. The PCF, for a large part of the PCA's existence, placed an emphasis on
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membership of the
Comintern. The CPSU also provided support for the PCA's war effort through provision of aid. However, during the course of the Algerian War, the Soviet Union began to turn its allegiance away from the PCA towards the National Liberation Front (FLN). The CPSU was more hesitant than the
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Following the dissolution of the
Comintern and the collapse of fascism in Europe, the PCA was given more autonomy from both the Soviet Union and the PCF, and thus renewed its focus on Algerian nationalism. Despite this, the PCF continued to reject the idea of Algerian independence until 1959, largely
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in
November 1954 took the PCA, like most of Algerian society, by surprise. Sticking to its focus on non-violent struggle, and pressured by its pacifist-leaning European members, it released an obscure statement on 2 November condemning violence, though whether this was directed at the perpetrators or
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In the 1930s the PCA began to gain influence again after the failure in proliferating its message in the 1920s. Recognizing the weakness in attempting to administer the
Algerian section of the PCF from France, the PCA was officially launched as a distinct organisation on 17–18 October 1936. The 1930s
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united in the form of the
Algerian Front. This unity, however, proved short-lived, as disagreements over strategies frustrated cooperation between the nationalist movements and the PCA. During 1952 and 1953 efforts to cultivate a united front continued, and in late 1953 the MTLD and PCA announced an
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By the end of the Algerian War, the PCA had been severely organizationally damaged; many of its leadership had been killed or arrested and its decision to subsume large parts of its membership within the ALN reduced its influence significantly. The PCA re-obtained legal status following independence
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The CCP had a fractious relationship with the PCF, and thus the PCA due to its strong organizational links with the former. During the Algerian War, the CCP prioritized aid to the FLN, viewing the anti-colonial and anti-imperial struggle as of paramount importance. The Sino-Soviet split also caused
957:
in May and June 1945, the PCA condemned the nationalist side as "hiterlite" provocateurs. All this continued to alienate the Algerian masses who saw the PCA as supporting the French colonial administration in Algeria, and solidified the national/ethnic division between the European minority and the
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in the urban centers of Algeria, and thus the numbers of Pieds-Noirs in the party, given its focus on urban organisation. The linguistic composition of Algeria also played into the difficulties of the PCA's organisational capacities as communist ideas, proliferated widely in French, had difficulty
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Following the end of the Second World War and the dissolution of the Comintern in 1943 the PCA was given more autonomy on its approach to Algerian politics, allowing it to re-focus on the Algerian nationalist struggle without fear of weakening the PCF's struggle against fascism in France. Despite
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The CPSU commanded significant influence over the PCA's policy program through the Comintern, particularly in the 1930s due to concerns over maintaining alliances with non-communist countries in Europe in order to repel fascism. Relations with the Soviet Union were initially defined as the PCA's
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Towards the end of the 1940s, and due to its failure in the June elections of the National Assembly elections of 1946, the PCA began recognising the need to widen its appeal to a non-European base through advocating for Algerian nationalism. The party began releasing publications and conducting
940:
As the war progressed the influence of the PCF intensified and the PCA became increasingly preoccupied with the events in Europe, continuing to alienate the Algerian population and precluding stronger alliances with Algerian nationalist movements such as the PPA and Friends of the Manifesto and
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During the 1930s, the PCA was still largely subordinated to the political situation of the French communists, and this severely impacted its appeal to Algerian members, who felt marginalized in a party concerned primarily with anti-fascism in Europe. Despite the Comintern outwardly supporting
1119:'s "nation in formation" thesis, which rejected Algerian nationalism and compelled the PCA to focus on unity with France rather than joining calls for Algerian independence. This was largely due to Soviet influence in viewing opposition to the US as paramount and all other concerns secondary.
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saw both a growth in the PCA's importance and marked the advent of some of its tactical mistakes in gaining public support. Particularly important to this period was the developing international events and the communist movement's wider position on it (in particular, the attitude of the
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male Pieds-Noirs had emigrated to France to assist in the fight on the Western front, leaving a bulk of Algeria's proletariat outside of the country and creating difficult for communist in Algeria given the traditional focus within Marxism on the urban proletariat.
1140:(CCP) in describing the FLN as a socialist party, but still began to support both it and the Provisional Government of Algeria (GPRA) towards the end of the Algerian War as part of its strategy to shift the global balance of power between the
978:
By 1949, the PCA had significantly increased its base among the Algerian population, leading it to firmly announce its support for an Algerian Republic at its fifth congress in May 1949. Support for Algerian nationalist movements such as the
67:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
1092:'s constitutional referendum of 1963 declaring the FLN as the only legal party. At 1965 some of the leaders of the PCA, with the left wing of the FLN created an organization to combat the military coup of Boumediene, the
1127:
due to its attempts in mainland France to form part of coalition governments with more liberal parties. During the Algerian War, the PCF provided support for the PCA despite disagreements on Algerian independence.
839:
The PCA, from the beginning, lacked a coherent approach to the Algerian situation and its relationship with both France and its main body in the PCF. Part of this was due to the disproportionate concentration of
869:. During this period, the party did emphasize a demand for Algerian independence, though this invariably resulted in harsh repression and, consequently, a diminished size and reduced organisational capacity.
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Notice « Alice Sportisse née Cremadès », in Le Maitron Maghreb, volume Algérie : engagements sociaux et question nationale. De la colonisation à l'indépendance de 1830 à 1962
1021:, killed by the French army. The PCA, whilst initially reluctant to join the FLN for fear of becoming subsumed in a wider, non-communist movement, agreed to combine its military wing - the
888:
During the 1930s, the party was left in disarray due to continued French repression in Algeria, as many of its leading figures were subject to arrest and police surveillance. The spread of
4151:"Conversation from [Mao Zedong's] Audience with Representatives of the Algerian National Liberation Front and a Delegation of Legal Professionals | Wilson Center Digital Archive"
1080:(CDL). However, due to intense repression by the French authorities and a heavy blow against these units in June 1956, the PCA and the FLN agreed on the integration of the CDL into the
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However, throughout the 1920s the PCA struggled to maintain an organisational foothold in Algeria, and by the late 1920s the Algerian arm of the PCF was seemingly moribund.
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The CPSU criticized the FLN's later banning of the PCA as a blatant attempt to appeal to Western nations keen to prevent communist influence in newly liberated colonies.
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Following the end of the Algerian War, the PCA began agitating openly again, capitalizing on the absence of rival newspapers to extend the popularity of its publications
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The party was, throughout its existence, more popular with Europeans living in Algeria than Algerians themselves. This ethnic divide was worsened by the
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this, the party initially remained committed to campaigning for democratic liberties within a French framework, rather than for Algerian independence.
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In the post-war period, it gained substantially in influence, increasing from around 3000 members in 1939 to between 12,000-15,000 members in 1948.
70:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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4077:"Record of Conversation from Chairman Mao's Reception of the Algerian Ambassador to China Mohamed Yala | Wilson Center Digital Archive"
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which excluded non-French citizens in Algeria from joining the PCA. Despite this, some Muslims were attracted to the PCA, for example:
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in 1962, but was banned and dissolved later that year by the FLN. The Algerian communists later regrouped in groups such as
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During the Algerian War, the PCA initially operated independently through the creation of its own combatant units called
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threw the entire international communist movement into confusion, given the sudden switch from the previous emphasis on
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in 1930s Europe led to the Comintern switching emphasis away from supporting anti-colonial struggles to advocating for "
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4202:""L'oued en crue", roman de la moudjahida Baya Jurquet-Bouhoune et le colonialisme de rêve de yasmina Khadra"
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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meetings in Arabic to widen its appeal, and attempted to forge closer links with nationalist movements such as the
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of 1941, which lent legitimacy to the nationalist aim of independence. The PCA continued to lend its support to
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Over the course of the late 1950s, the PCA was disproportionately targeted by French authorities due to the
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crossing the language barrier to the predominantly Arabic speaking, Islamic Algerian population. During the
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In September 1955 the PCA was banned by the French administration due to the ongoing violence of the
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3930:"Competitive Decolonization and the Algerian War, 1954-62: When Will the Competitors Compete?"
3858:"Competitive Decolonization and the Algerian War, 1954-62: When Will the Competitors Compete?"
3633:"Competitive Decolonization and the Algerian War, 1954-62: When Will the Competitors Compete?"
2943:"Competitive Decolonization and the Algerian War, 1954-62: When Will the Competitors Compete?"
2391:"Competitive Decolonization and the Algerian War, 1954-62: When Will the Competitors Compete?"
762:(PCF) and eventually became a separate entity in 1936. Despite this, it was recognized by the
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http://www.jadaliyya.com/pages/index/14890/impossible-opposition_the-magic-of-the-one-party-r
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953:. Following violence against Algerian nationalists during what came to be known as the
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Exploiting Africa : the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania
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4176:"BOUHOUNE Baya plus connue en Algérie sous le nom ALLAOUCHICHE Baya (...) - Maitron"
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4233:. Second Edition. 1994. The Scarecow Press Inc. Metuchen, N.J., & London.
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1589:"Bolshevizing Communist Parties: The Algerian and South African Experiences"
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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in 1965, and it would never recover the influence it once commanded.
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and the guidance it was giving to communist parties on priorities).
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We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
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We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
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We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
2491:
We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
2442:
We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
2343:
We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
2294:
We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
2245:
We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
2196:
We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
2144:
We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
2095:
We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
2043:
We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
1994:
We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
1942:
We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
1890:
We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
1838:
We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
1789:
We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
1740:
We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
1688:
We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
1639:
We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
1480:
We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
1431:
We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
1382:
We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
1330:
We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
1281:
We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
1232:
We are no longer in France : communists in colonial Algeria
64:
4248:. 2013. Jadaliyya. Consulted 17 March 2017. Available Online:
1003:
4925:
1131:
Relations with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU)
1047:
988:
896:" strategies with all liberal parties to resist fascism. The
962:
The PCA between World War 2 and the Algerian War (1945-1954)
4256:
We are no longer in France. Communists in colonial Algeria.
4767:
876:
The PCA before and during the Second World War (1936-1945)
4246:
Impossible Opposition: The Magic of the One-Party Regime
1101:
1008:
As a result of their focus on non-violent struggle, the
803:
during the period of the underground central committee,
770:
in July 1936, also the site of the PCA's headquarters.
4690:
1961 French referendum on Algerian self-determination
3332:
3330:
60:
834:
3327:
758:. The PCA emerged in 1920 as an extension of the
4974:
2434:
2432:
1151:Relations with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
985:Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties
4993:Military units and factions of the Algerian War
1374:
1372:
951:alternative government headquartered in Algiers
1107:Relation with the French Communist Party (PCF)
85:accompanying your translation by providing an
51:Click for important translation instructions.
38:expand this article with text translated from
4359:
4285:
2429:
1159:
711:
4299:
3731:"Dissolution of the Communist International"
1369:
319:
163:
148:
1004:The PCA during the Algerian War (1954–1962)
923:France's declaration of war on Nazi Germany
97:{{Translated|fr|Parti communiste algérien}}
4292:
4278:
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2898:. Manchester. pp. 181–183, 190, 199.
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1048:The PCA after the Algerian War (1962–1966)
973:Democratic Union of the Algerian Manifesto
718:
704:
4921:Defectors from the French army to the ALN
3392:. Manchester. pp. 269–270, 272–273.
3095:. Manchester. pp. 198–199, 204–207.
1604:
1555:
5023:Political parties disestablished in 1964
1071:
4229:Chiviges Naylor, P., Andrew Heggoy, A.
4030:. Annapolis, Maryland. pp. 43–59.
1206:Coalition Strategies of Marxist Parties
1203:
1095:Organization de la résistance populaire
4975:
3802:
3800:
3676:
3674:
3193:. Manchester. pp. 209, 220, 270.
3084:
3082:
2087:
2085:
1732:
1730:
1593:International Review of Social History
1544:International Review of Social History
1235:. Manchester. pp. 133, 152, 163.
1208:. Duke University Press. p. 242.
5018:Political parties established in 1920
4807:Memorial to the Liberation of Algeria
4273:
4071:
4069:
3927:
3855:
3630:
3291:. Manchester. pp. 253, 261–263.
3242:. Manchester. pp. 235, 242–243.
2940:
2838:
2836:
2786:
2784:
2734:
2732:
2633:
2631:
2388:
2248:. Manchester. pp. 128–129, 133.
2188:
2186:
1986:
1984:
1934:
1932:
1882:
1880:
1284:. Manchester. pp. 200, 204–207.
1102:Relation with other Communist Parties
5013:Defunct political parties in Algeria
4957:
4100:
4023:
3974:
3806:
3754:
3680:
3581:
3532:
3483:
3434:
3385:
3336:
3284:
3235:
3186:
3137:
3088:
3036:
2987:
2891:
2842:
2790:
2738:
2686:
2637:
2585:
2536:
2487:
2438:
2339:
2290:
2241:
2192:
2140:
2091:
2039:
1990:
1945:. Manchester. pp. 99, 102–104.
1938:
1886:
1834:
1785:
1736:
1684:
1635:
1586:
1537:
1524:
1522:
1476:
1427:
1378:
1326:
1277:
1228:
795:The general secretaries of PCA were
20:
5003:Banned political parties in Algeria
4258:2014. Manchester University Press.
4199:
3928:Hager, Robert P. (2 January 2021).
3856:Hager, Robert P. (2 January 2021).
3797:
3671:
3631:Hager, Robert P. (2 January 2021).
3079:
2941:Hager, Robert P. (2 January 2021).
2389:Hager, Robert P. (2 January 2021).
2082:
1727:
766:in 1935. Its first congress was in
747:
164:
13:
4066:
2833:
2781:
2729:
2628:
2183:
1981:
1929:
1877:
14:
5039:
4988:1964 disestablishments in Algeria
4503:Massacre of 14 July 1953 in Paris
3588:. Manchester. pp. 111, 117.
2994:. Manchester. pp. 183, 200.
2644:. Manchester. pp. 159, 163.
2494:. Manchester. pp. 153, 168.
2046:. Manchester. pp. 104, 120.
1519:
388:Member State of the African Union
4956:
4946:
4945:
4231:Historical Dictionary of Algeria
3687:. Manchester. pp. 100–104.
3539:. Manchester. pp. 204–207.
3441:. Manchester. pp. 276–277.
3343:. Manchester. pp. 269–270.
3144:. Manchester. pp. 207–208.
3043:. Manchester. pp. 204–205.
2849:. Manchester. pp. 180–181.
2797:. Manchester. pp. 169–173.
2745:. Manchester. pp. 165–168.
2693:. Manchester. pp. 160–161.
2592:. Manchester. pp. 156–157.
2543:. Manchester. pp. 155–159.
2346:. Manchester. pp. 148–151.
2199:. Manchester. pp. 131–137.
1997:. Manchester. pp. 110–112.
1893:. Manchester. pp. 101–102.
1691:. Manchester. pp. 50, 103.
1642:. Manchester. pp. 83, 103.
1333:. Manchester. pp. 272–273.
921:beginning 1 September 1939, and
835:The PCA's early days (1920-1936)
687:
393:
381:
365:
133:
25:
4223:
4193:
4180:maitron-en-ligne.univ-paris1.fr
4168:
4155:digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org
4143:
4094:
4081:digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org
4017:
3968:
3921:
3908:digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org
3896:
3849:
3748:
3723:
3624:
3575:
3526:
3477:
3428:
3379:
3278:
3229:
3180:
3131:
3030:
2981:
2934:
2885:
2680:
2579:
2530:
2481:
2382:
2333:
2284:
2235:
2134:
2033:
1828:
1792:. Manchester. pp. 98–104.
1779:
1678:
1629:
1580:
1434:. Manchester. pp. 48, 76.
1014:National Liberation Front (FLN)
400:Member State of the Arab League
4983:1920 establishments in Algeria
4541:Declaration of 1 November 1954
1531:
1470:
1421:
1320:
1271:
1222:
1197:
95:You may also add the template
1:
4663:Proposed partition of Algeria
3946:10.1080/17419166.2020.1830762
3874:10.1080/17419166.2020.1830762
3649:10.1080/17419166.2020.1830762
2959:10.1080/17419166.2020.1830762
2407:10.1080/17419166.2020.1830762
1587:Drew, Allison (August 2003).
1538:Drew, Allison (August 2003).
1191:
5008:Communist parties in Algeria
4754:Effects in Algerian politics
1204:Gilberg, Trond, ed. (1988).
1078:Combattants de la Libération
1023:Combattants de la Libération
790:the Socialist Vanguard Party
217:1936 as an independent party
7:
4369:Algerian popular resistance
4107:. Manchester. p. 270.
3981:. Manchester. p. 273.
3813:. Manchester. p. 221.
3761:. Manchester. p. 239.
3490:. Manchester. p. 190.
2445:. Manchester. p. 145.
2297:. Manchester. p. 126.
2147:. Manchester. p. 112.
2098:. Manchester. p. 113.
1385:. Manchester. p. 278.
1171:Alice Sportisse Gomez-Nadal
1034:fear of communist influence
621:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
10:
5044:
4905:Organisation armée secrète
4846:Algerian National Movement
4568:Hijacking of the FLN plane
4327:French conquest of Algeria
1841:. Manchester. p. 89.
1743:. Manchester. p. 96.
1483:. Manchester. p. 26.
1160:Notable members of the PCA
865:and the general secretary
829:
508:People's National Assembly
59:Machine translation, like
16:Communist party in Algeria
4943:
4913:
4864:
4834:National Liberation Front
4826:
4819:
4776:1 November 1954 Stadiums
4715:
4682:
4633:
4615:Killing of Saadia Mebarek
4598:
4522:
4515:
4464:
4452:Sétif and Guelma massacre
4315:
4308:
4024:Chau, Donovan C. (2014).
1606:10.1017/S0020859003001007
1557:10.1017/S0020859003001007
955:Sétif and Guelma massacre
740:Parti Communiste Algérien
328:
312:
302:International affiliation
301:
289:
256:
246:
236:
221:
200:
179:
171:
156:
150:Parti Communiste Algérien
141:
132:
123:
40:the corresponding article
4998:Banned communist parties
4851:Algerian Communist Party
4839:National Liberation Army
4620:Charonne subway massacre
4477:Decolonisation of Africa
4266:Consulted 18 March 2023.
4241:Consulted 15 March 2017.
1082:National Liberation Army
1027:National Liberation Army
782:National Liberation Army
732:Algerian Communist Party
126:Algerian Communist Party
5028:Rebel groups in Algeria
4900:Front Algérie Française
4553:Battle of Philippeville
1138:Chinese Communist Party
1025:(CDL) - with the FLN's
949:and participate in his
937:through the Comintern.
927:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
919:Nazi invasion of Poland
908:Algerian People's Party
807:from 1947 to 1949, and
316:"Bread, Peace, Liberty"
291:Political position
212:as an extension of the
106:For more guidance, see
4485:Brazzaville Conference
4101:Drew, Allison (2014).
3975:Drew, Allison (2014).
3934:Democracy and Security
3862:Democracy and Security
3807:Drew, Allison (2014).
3755:Drew, Allison (2014).
3681:Drew, Allison (2014).
3637:Democracy and Security
3582:Drew, Allison (2014).
3533:Drew, Allison (2014).
3484:Drew, Allison (2014).
3435:Drew, Allison (2014).
3386:Drew, Allison (2014).
3337:Drew, Allison (2014).
3285:Drew, Allison (2014).
3236:Drew, Allison (2014).
3187:Drew, Allison (2014).
3138:Drew, Allison (2014).
3089:Drew, Allison (2014).
3037:Drew, Allison (2014).
2988:Drew, Allison (2014).
2947:Democracy and Security
2892:Drew, Allison (2014).
2843:Drew, Allison (2014).
2791:Drew, Allison (2014).
2739:Drew, Allison (2014).
2687:Drew, Allison (2014).
2638:Drew, Allison (2014).
2586:Drew, Allison (2014).
2537:Drew, Allison (2014).
2488:Drew, Allison (2014).
2439:Drew, Allison (2014).
2395:Democracy and Security
2340:Drew, Allison (2014).
2291:Drew, Allison (2014).
2242:Drew, Allison (2014).
2193:Drew, Allison (2014).
2141:Drew, Allison (2014).
2092:Drew, Allison (2014).
2040:Drew, Allison (2014).
1991:Drew, Allison (2014).
1939:Drew, Allison (2014).
1887:Drew, Allison (2014).
1835:Drew, Allison (2014).
1786:Drew, Allison (2014).
1737:Drew, Allison (2014).
1685:Drew, Allison (2014).
1636:Drew, Allison (2014).
1477:Drew, Allison (2014).
1428:Drew, Allison (2014).
1379:Drew, Allison (2014).
1327:Drew, Allison (2014).
1278:Drew, Allison (2014).
1229:Drew, Allison (2014).
1113:French Communist Party
1036:in the context of the
933:forced upon it by the
760:French Communist Party
748:الحزب الشيوعي الجزائري
739:
640:Diplomatic missions of
417:Constitutional history
320:
214:French Communist Party
165:الحزب الشيوعي الجزائري
149:
4730:French Fifth Republic
4707:Algerian independence
1072:Relation with the FLN
496:Council of the Nation
108:Knowledge:Translation
79:copyright attribution
4747:1962 Algerian crisis
4742:Aftermath in Algeria
4658:Manifesto of the 121
4642:Communauté française
4374:Algerian nationalism
4200:mohamed, bouhamidi.
1012:orchestrated by the
981:Special Organisation
452:Abdelmadjid Tebboune
276:Algerian nationalism
4883:Commandos de Chasse
4877:French Armed Forces
4491:First Indochina War
4332:Invasion of Algiers
998:First Indochina War
958:Algerian majority.
855:Code de l'indigenat
799:from 1936 to 1939,
358:Politics of Algeria
333:Politics of Algeria
321:Pain, Paix, Liberté
4578:Week of barricades
4558:Soummam conference
4378:Attempted reforms
694:Algeria portal
87:interlanguage link
4970:
4969:
4939:
4938:
4865:Anti-independence
4815:
4814:
4802:Martyrs' Memorial
4678:
4677:
4653:FLN football team
4573:Operation Corsica
4563:Battle of Algiers
4511:
4510:
4497:Malagasy Uprising
4460:
4459:
4114:978-1-84779-921-0
4037:978-1-61251-251-8
3988:978-1-84779-921-0
3820:978-1-84779-921-0
3768:978-1-84779-921-0
3694:978-1-84779-921-0
3595:978-1-84779-921-0
3546:978-1-84779-921-0
3497:978-1-84779-921-0
3448:978-1-84779-921-0
3399:978-1-84779-921-0
3350:978-1-84779-921-0
3298:978-1-84779-921-0
3249:978-1-84779-921-0
3200:978-1-84779-921-0
3151:978-1-84779-921-0
3102:978-1-84779-921-0
3050:978-1-84779-921-0
3001:978-1-84779-921-0
2905:978-1-84779-921-0
2856:978-1-84779-921-0
2804:978-1-84779-921-0
2752:978-1-84779-921-0
2700:978-1-84779-921-0
2651:978-1-84779-921-0
2599:978-1-84779-921-0
2550:978-1-84779-921-0
2501:978-1-84779-921-0
2452:978-1-84779-921-0
2353:978-1-84779-921-0
2304:978-1-84779-921-0
2255:978-1-84779-921-0
2206:978-1-84779-921-0
2154:978-1-84779-921-0
2105:978-1-84779-921-0
2053:978-1-84779-921-0
2004:978-1-84779-921-0
1952:978-1-84779-921-0
1900:978-1-84779-921-0
1848:978-1-84779-921-0
1799:978-1-84779-921-0
1750:978-1-84779-921-0
1698:978-1-84779-921-0
1649:978-1-84779-921-0
1490:978-1-84779-921-0
1441:978-1-84779-921-0
1392:978-1-84779-921-0
1340:978-1-84779-921-0
1291:978-1-84779-921-0
1242:978-1-84779-921-0
1066:Houari Boumediene
1054:Alger républicain
1042:Battle of Algiers
947:Charles de Gaulle
898:Spanish Civil War
728:
727:
662:Visa requirements
614:Foreign relations
601:Political parties
559:Recent elections
351:
350:
338:Political parties
180:General Secretary
119:
118:
52:
48:
5035:
4960:
4959:
4949:
4948:
4827:Pro-independence
4824:
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4764:
4671:
4648:Constantine Plan
4586:
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4312:
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4215:
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4206:bouhamidimohamed
4197:
4191:
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1559:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1517:
1516:
1510:
1502:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1461:
1453:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1412:
1404:
1376:
1367:
1366:
1360:
1352:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1303:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1254:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1201:
987:(MTLD) and the '
943:Atlantic Charter
912:Maurice Thorez's
825:
749:
720:
713:
706:
692:
691:
690:
402:
398:
397:
390:
386:
385:
369:
353:
352:
323:
271:Marxism-Leninism
232:
230:
211:
209:
196:
167:
166:
152:
137:
121:
120:
98:
92:
65:Google Translate
50:
46:
29:
28:
21:
5043:
5042:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5032:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4935:
4909:
4860:
4811:
4769:
4763:
4725:May 1958 crisis
4717:
4711:
4674:
4665:
4629:
4602:
4600:
4594:
4580:
4547:Toussaint Rouge
4533:
4526:
4507:
4481:
4456:
4433:
4406:Crémieux Decree
4399:Divide and rule
4355:
4318:
4304:
4298:
4226:
4221:
4211:
4209:
4198:
4194:
4184:
4182:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4159:
4157:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4128:
4127:
4115:
4099:
4095:
4085:
4083:
4075:
4074:
4067:
4051:
4050:
4038:
4022:
4018:
4002:
4001:
3989:
3973:
3969:
3926:
3922:
3912:
3910:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3854:
3850:
3834:
3833:
3821:
3805:
3798:
3782:
3781:
3769:
3753:
3749:
3739:
3737:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3708:
3707:
3695:
3679:
3672:
3629:
3625:
3609:
3608:
3596:
3580:
3576:
3560:
3559:
3547:
3531:
3527:
3511:
3510:
3498:
3482:
3478:
3462:
3461:
3449:
3433:
3429:
3413:
3412:
3400:
3384:
3380:
3364:
3363:
3351:
3335:
3328:
3312:
3311:
3299:
3283:
3279:
3263:
3262:
3250:
3234:
3230:
3214:
3213:
3201:
3185:
3181:
3165:
3164:
3152:
3136:
3132:
3116:
3115:
3103:
3087:
3080:
3064:
3063:
3051:
3035:
3031:
3015:
3014:
3002:
2986:
2982:
2939:
2935:
2919:
2918:
2906:
2890:
2886:
2870:
2869:
2857:
2841:
2834:
2818:
2817:
2805:
2789:
2782:
2766:
2765:
2753:
2737:
2730:
2714:
2713:
2701:
2685:
2681:
2665:
2664:
2652:
2636:
2629:
2613:
2612:
2600:
2584:
2580:
2564:
2563:
2551:
2535:
2531:
2515:
2514:
2502:
2486:
2482:
2466:
2465:
2453:
2437:
2430:
2387:
2383:
2367:
2366:
2354:
2338:
2334:
2318:
2317:
2305:
2289:
2285:
2269:
2268:
2256:
2240:
2236:
2220:
2219:
2207:
2191:
2184:
2168:
2167:
2155:
2139:
2135:
2119:
2118:
2106:
2090:
2083:
2067:
2066:
2054:
2038:
2034:
2018:
2017:
2005:
1989:
1982:
1966:
1965:
1953:
1937:
1930:
1914:
1913:
1901:
1885:
1878:
1862:
1861:
1849:
1833:
1829:
1813:
1812:
1800:
1784:
1780:
1764:
1763:
1751:
1735:
1728:
1712:
1711:
1699:
1683:
1679:
1663:
1662:
1650:
1634:
1630:
1585:
1581:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1520:
1504:
1503:
1491:
1475:
1471:
1455:
1454:
1442:
1426:
1422:
1406:
1405:
1393:
1377:
1370:
1354:
1353:
1341:
1325:
1321:
1305:
1304:
1292:
1276:
1272:
1256:
1255:
1243:
1227:
1223:
1216:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1162:
1153:
1133:
1109:
1104:
1074:
1050:
1006:
964:
878:
867:Bachir Hadj Ali
859:Ben Ali Boukort
847:First World War
837:
832:
811:
809:Bachir Hadj Ali
797:Ben Ali Boukort
752:communist party
724:
688:
686:
685:
681:Other countries
672:
671:
652:Nationality law
648:
636:
616:
606:
605:
595:
584:Parliamentary:
578:
555:
545:
544:
530:
520:
519:
491:
481:
480:
437:
427:
426:
412:
404:
392:
391:
380:
379:
360:
347:
317:
285:
281:Anticolonialism
237:Split from
228:
226:
216:
207:
205:
186:
184:Ben Ali Boukort
128:
127:
115:
114:
113:
96:
90:
53:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5041:
5031:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4968:
4967:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4842:
4841:
4830:
4828:
4821:
4817:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4798:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4773:
4771:
4770:commemorations
4762:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4750:
4749:
4739:
4737:Year of Africa
4734:
4733:
4732:
4721:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4692:
4686:
4684:
4683:End of the war
4680:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4637:
4635:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4625:Paris massacre
4622:
4617:
4612:
4606:
4604:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4590:Algiers putsch
4587:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4543:
4537:
4535:
4517:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4494:
4488:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4442:
4441:
4440:
4421:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4392:1943 manifesto
4389:
4384:
4376:
4371:
4365:
4363:
4361:French Algeria
4354:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4344:Mokrani Revolt
4341:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4323:
4321:
4310:
4306:
4305:
4297:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4252:
4242:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4192:
4167:
4142:
4113:
4093:
4065:
4036:
4016:
3987:
3967:
3920:
3895:
3848:
3819:
3796:
3767:
3747:
3722:
3693:
3670:
3623:
3594:
3574:
3545:
3525:
3496:
3476:
3447:
3427:
3398:
3378:
3349:
3326:
3297:
3277:
3248:
3228:
3199:
3179:
3150:
3130:
3101:
3078:
3049:
3029:
3000:
2980:
2933:
2904:
2884:
2855:
2832:
2803:
2780:
2751:
2728:
2699:
2679:
2650:
2627:
2598:
2578:
2549:
2529:
2500:
2480:
2451:
2428:
2381:
2352:
2332:
2303:
2283:
2254:
2234:
2205:
2182:
2153:
2133:
2104:
2081:
2052:
2032:
2003:
1980:
1951:
1928:
1899:
1876:
1847:
1827:
1798:
1778:
1749:
1726:
1697:
1677:
1648:
1628:
1579:
1550:(2): 173–174.
1530:
1518:
1489:
1469:
1440:
1420:
1391:
1368:
1339:
1319:
1290:
1270:
1241:
1221:
1214:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1161:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1144:and the West.
1142:socialist bloc
1132:
1129:
1117:Maurice Thorez
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1073:
1070:
1049:
1046:
1005:
1002:
1000:on the other.
963:
960:
917:Following the
905:Messali Hadj's
877:
874:
836:
833:
831:
828:
726:
725:
723:
722:
715:
708:
700:
697:
696:
684:
683:
677:
674:
673:
670:
669:
664:
659:
654:
647:
646:
635:
634:
633:
632:
617:
612:
611:
608:
607:
604:
603:
598:
597:
596:
594:
593:
588:
581:
579:
577:
576:
569:
565:Presidential:
562:
556:
551:
550:
547:
546:
543:
542:
537:
531:
526:
525:
522:
521:
518:
517:
516:
515:
505:
504:
503:
492:
487:
486:
483:
482:
479:
478:
473:
472:
471:
469:Nadir Larbaoui
459:Prime Minister
456:
455:
454:
438:
433:
432:
429:
428:
425:
424:
419:
413:
410:
409:
406:
405:
375:
374:
371:
370:
362:
361:
356:
349:
348:
346:
345:
340:
335:
329:
326:
325:
314:
310:
309:
303:
299:
298:
293:
287:
286:
284:
283:
278:
273:
268:
262:
260:
254:
253:
248:
244:
243:
238:
234:
233:
223:
219:
218:
202:
198:
197:
181:
177:
176:
173:
169:
168:
161:
154:
153:
146:
139:
138:
130:
129:
125:
124:
117:
116:
112:
111:
104:
93:
71:
68:
57:
54:
35:
34:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5040:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4965:
4964:
4955: /
4954:
4953:
4942:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4912:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4894:
4893:
4892:La Main Rouge
4889:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4879:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4863:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4822:
4818:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4768:Monuments and
4766:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4714:
4708:
4705:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4695:Évian Accords
4693:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4681:
4669:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4597:
4591:
4588:
4584:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4534:of key events
4530:
4525:
4521:
4518:
4514:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4465:Other factors
4463:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4443:
4437:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4382:1920 petition
4380:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4314:
4311:
4307:
4302:
4295:
4290:
4288:
4283:
4281:
4276:
4275:
4272:
4265:
4264:9780719090240
4261:
4257:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4227:
4207:
4203:
4196:
4181:
4177:
4171:
4156:
4152:
4146:
4138:
4132:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4110:
4106:
4105:
4097:
4082:
4078:
4072:
4070:
4061:
4055:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4033:
4029:
4028:
4020:
4012:
4006:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3984:
3980:
3979:
3971:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3924:
3909:
3905:
3899:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3852:
3844:
3838:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3803:
3801:
3792:
3786:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3764:
3760:
3759:
3751:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3718:
3712:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3677:
3675:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3627:
3619:
3613:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3578:
3570:
3564:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3529:
3521:
3515:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3480:
3472:
3466:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3444:
3440:
3439:
3431:
3423:
3417:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3382:
3374:
3368:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3333:
3331:
3322:
3316:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3281:
3273:
3267:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3232:
3224:
3218:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3183:
3175:
3169:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3134:
3126:
3120:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3085:
3083:
3074:
3068:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3033:
3025:
3019:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2984:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2937:
2929:
2923:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2888:
2880:
2874:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2839:
2837:
2828:
2822:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2787:
2785:
2776:
2770:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2735:
2733:
2724:
2718:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2683:
2675:
2669:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2634:
2632:
2623:
2617:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2582:
2574:
2568:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2533:
2525:
2519:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2484:
2476:
2470:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2435:
2433:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2377:
2371:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2336:
2328:
2322:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2287:
2279:
2273:
2265:
2261:
2257:
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36:You can help
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4914:Other groups
4890:
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4641:
4601:human rights
4599:War crimes /
4545:
4444:
4431:Legal status
4423:
4419:French Union
4404:
4349:Deportations
4301:Algerian War
4255:
4245:
4230:
4224:Bibliography
4210:. Retrieved
4205:
4195:
4183:. Retrieved
4179:
4170:
4158:. Retrieved
4154:
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4084:. Retrieved
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3940:(1): 64–65.
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1176:Baya Jurquet
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1110:
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935:Soviet Union
931:anti-fascism
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528:Subdivisions
422:Human rights
411:Constitution
378:
247:Headquarters
172:Abbreviation
83:edit summary
74:
47:(April 2020)
45:
37:
18:
4856:Oujda Group
4666: [
4581: [
4527: [
4434: [
4412:Kabyle myth
4387:Jonnart Law
4319:colonialism
4303:(1954–1962)
4208:(in French)
1166:Henri Alleg
1058:El-Hourriya
842:Pieds-Noirs
826:from 1949.
812: [
667:Visa policy
627:Ahmed Attaf
489:Legislature
308:(1919-1943)
187: [
4977:Categories
4795:Tizi Ouzou
4716:Legacy and
4700:referendum
4603:violations
4524:Chronology
4337:Atrocities
4309:Background
4244:Rahal, M.
4239:0810827484
1599:(2): 170.
1192:References
644:in Algeria
625:Minister:
4718:aftermath
4634:Reactions
4499:(1947–49)
4493:(1946–54)
4446:Pied noir
4425:Indigénat
4401:policies
4254:Drew, A.
4212:5 January
4185:5 January
4131:cite book
4123:913570235
4054:cite book
4046:865452370
4005:cite book
3997:913570235
3962:225139038
3954:1741-9166
3890:225139038
3882:1741-9166
3837:cite book
3829:913570235
3785:cite book
3777:913570235
3711:cite book
3703:913570235
3665:225139038
3657:1741-9166
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3604:913570235
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3506:913570235
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3010:913570235
2975:225139038
2967:1741-9166
2953:(1): 62.
2922:cite book
2914:913570235
2873:cite book
2865:913570235
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2813:913570235
2769:cite book
2761:913570235
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2510:913570235
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2461:913570235
2423:225139038
2415:1741-9166
2401:(1): 61.
2370:cite book
2362:913570235
2321:cite book
2313:913570235
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2215:913570235
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2163:913570235
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2070:cite book
2062:913570235
2021:cite book
2013:913570235
1969:cite book
1961:913570235
1917:cite book
1909:913570235
1865:cite book
1857:913570235
1816:cite book
1808:913570235
1767:cite book
1759:913570235
1715:cite book
1707:913570235
1666:cite book
1658:913570235
1623:143318376
1615:1469-512X
1574:143318376
1566:1469-512X
1507:cite book
1499:913570235
1458:cite book
1450:913570235
1409:cite book
1401:913570235
1357:cite book
1349:913570235
1308:cite book
1300:913570235
1259:cite book
1251:913570235
1090:Ben Bella
883:Comintern
764:Comintern
553:Elections
535:Provinces
513:President
501:President
442:President
435:Executive
343:Elections
306:Comintern
266:Communism
222:Dissolved
101:talk page
42:in French
4952:Category
4472:Cold War
4160:17 March
4086:17 March
3913:17 March
3740:20 March
1038:Cold War
792:(PAGS).
750:) was a
657:Passport
540:Communes
296:Far-left
258:Ideology
77:provide
4963:Commons
4790:El Oued
4780:Algiers
4610:Torture
4317:Settler
1098:(OPR).
1086:Algiers
1010:attacks
994:Liberté
890:fascism
830:History
784:(ALN).
768:Algiers
756:Algeria
476:Cabinet
251:Algiers
227: (
206: (
201:Founded
99:to the
81:in the
44:.
4926:Harkis
4872:France
4820:Groups
4487:(1944)
4262:
4237:
4121:
4111:
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1959:
1949:
1907:
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744:Arabic
736:French
630:(list)
313:Slogan
158:Arabic
143:French
4931:Women
4785:Batna
4759:Films
4670:]
4585:]
4531:]
4438:]
3958:S2CID
3886:S2CID
3661:S2CID
2971:S2CID
2419:S2CID
1619:S2CID
1570:S2CID
989:ulama
824:]
195:]
61:DeepL
4260:ISBN
4235:ISBN
4214:2020
4187:2020
4162:2023
4137:link
4119:OCLC
4109:ISBN
4088:2023
4060:link
4042:OCLC
4032:ISBN
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3993:OCLC
3983:ISBN
3950:ISSN
3915:2023
3878:ISSN
3843:link
3825:OCLC
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3773:OCLC
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2009:OCLC
1999:ISBN
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1947:ISBN
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1905:OCLC
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1513:link
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1397:OCLC
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1345:OCLC
1335:ISBN
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1237:ISBN
1210:ISBN
1056:and
730:The
591:2021
586:2017
573:2024
567:2019
463:list
446:list
229:1965
225:1965
208:1920
204:1920
160:name
145:name
75:must
73:You
4516:War
3942:doi
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3645:doi
2955:doi
2403:doi
1601:doi
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1064:of
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241:PCF
175:PCA
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