Knowledge

20221: 21965:: "Throughout much of the twentieth century, state socialism presented an existential challenge to the worst excesses of the free market. The threat posed by Marxist ideologies forced Western governments to expand social safety nets to protect workers from the unpredictable but inevitable booms and busts of the capitalist economy. After the Berlin Wall fell, many celebrated the triumph of the West, cosigning socialist ideas to the dustbin of history. But for all its faults, state socialism provided an important foil for capitalism. It was in response to a global discourse of social and economic rights – a discourse that appealed not only to the progressive populations of Africa, Asia, and Latin America but also to many men and women in Western Europe and North America – that politicians agreed to improve working conditions for wage laborers as well as create social programs for children, the poor, the elderly, the sick, and the disabled, mitigating exploitation and the growth of income inequality. Although there were important antecedents in the 1980s, once state socialism collapsed, capitalism shook off the constraints of market regulation and income redistribution. Without the looming threat of a rival superpower, the last thirty years of global neoliberalism have witnessed a rapid shriveling of social programs that protect citizens from cyclical instability and financial crises and reduce the vast inequality of economic outcomes between those at the top and bottom of the income distribution." 21875:'Marxism–Leninism' was the formal name of the official state ideology adopted by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), its satellite states in Eastern Europe, the Asian communist regimes, and various 'scientific socialist' regimes in the Third World during the Cold War. As such, the term is simultaneously misleading and revealing. It is misleading, since neither Marx nor Lenin ever sanctioned the creation of an eponymous 'ism'; indeed, the term Marxism–Leninism was formulated only in the period of Stalin's rise to power after Lenin's death. It is revealing, because the Stalinist institutionalization of Marxism–Leninism in the 1930s did contain three identifiable, dogmatic principles that became the explicit model for all later Soviet-type regimes: dialectical materialism as the only true proletarian basis for philosophy, the leading role of the communist party as the central principle of Marxist politics, and state-led planned industrialization and agricultural collectivization as the foundation of socialist economics. The global influence of these three doctrinal and institutional innovations makes the term Marxist–Leninist a convenient label for a distinct sort of ideological order – one which, at the height of its power and influence, dominated one-third of the world's population." 21859:, pp. 95–151: "But, the transformation – either into joint-stock companies and trusts, or into State-ownership – does not do away with the capitalistic nature of the productive forces. In the joint-stock companies and trusts, this is obvious. And the modern State, again, is only the organization that bourgeois society takes on in order to support the external conditions of the capitalist mode of production against the encroachments as well of the workers as of individual capitalists. The modern state, no matter what its form, is essentially a capitalist machine – the state of the capitalists, the ideal personification of the total national capital. The more it proceeds to the taking over of productive forces, the more does it actually become the national capitalist, the more citizens does it exploit. The workers remain wage-workers – proletarians. The capitalist relation is not done away with. It is, rather, brought to a head. But, brought to a head, it topples over. State-ownership of the productive forces is not the solution of the conflict, but concealed within it are the technical conditions that form the elements of that solution." 8165:. Some authors posit that there is a Communist death toll, whose death estimates vary widely, depending on the definitions of the deaths that are included in them, ranging from lows of 10–20 million to highs over 100 million. The higher estimates have been criticized by several scholars as ideologically motivated and inflated; they are also criticized for being inaccurate due to incomplete data, inflated by counting any excess death, making an unwarranted link to communism, and the grouping and body-counting itself. Higher estimates account for actions that Communist governments committed against civilians, including executions, human-made famines, and deaths that occurred during, or resulted from, imprisonment, and forced deportations and labor. Higher estimates are criticized for being based on sparse and incomplete data when significant errors are inevitable, and for being skewed to higher possible values. Others have argued that, while certain estimates may not be accurate, "quibbling about numbers is unseemly. What matters is that many, many people were killed by communist regimes." Historian Mark Bradley wrote that while the exact numbers have been in dispute, the 8383:, positive aspects of communist countries included support for social mobility and equality, the elimination of illiteracy, urbanization, more accessible healthcare and housing, regional mobility with public transportation, the elimination of semi-feudal hierarchies, more women entering the labor market, and free access to higher education. Negative aspects of communist countries, on the other hand according to Bozóki included the suppression of freedom, the loss of trust in civil society; a culture of fear and corruption; reduced international travel; dependency on the party and state; Central Europe becoming a satellite of the Soviet Union; the creation of closed societies, leading to xenophobia, racism, prejudice, cynicism and pessimism; women only being emancipated in the workforce; the oppression of national identity; and relativist ethical societal standards. 21953:: "Communist ideas have acquired a new meaning since 1918. They became equivalent to the ideas of Marxism–Leninism, that is, the interpretation of Marxism by Lenin and his successors. Endorsing the final objective, namely, the creation of a community owning means of production and providing each of its participants with consumption 'according to their needs', they put forward the recognition of the class struggle as a dominating principle of a social development. In addition, workers (i.e., the proletariat) were to carry out the mission of reconstruction of the society. Conducting a socialist revolution headed by the avant-garde of the proletariat, that is, the party, was hailed to be a historical necessity. Moreover, the introduction of the proletariat dictatorship was advocated and hostile classes were to be liquidated." 19208:, pp. 35, 79: "While Jerry Hough suggested Stalin's terror claimed tens of thousands of victims, R.J. Rummel puts the death toll of Soviet communist terror between 1917 and 1987 at 61,911,000. In both cases, these figures are based on an ideological preunderstanding and speculative and sweeping calculations. On the other hand, the considerably lower figures in terms of numbers of Gulag prisoners presented by Russian researchers during the glasnost period have been relatively widely accepted. ... It could, quite rightly, be claimed that the opinions that Rummel presents here (they are hardly an example of a serious and empirically-based writing of history) do not deserve to be mentioned in a research review, but they are still perhaps worth bringing up on the basis of the interest in him in the blogosphere." 15176:. The time had come, Lenin argued, for the destruction of the foundations of the bourgeois state, and its replacement with an ultra-democratic 'Dictatorship of the Proletariat' based on the model of democracy followed by the communards of Paris in 1871. Much of the work was theoretical, designed, by means of quotations from Marx and Engels, to win battles within the international Social Democratic movement against Lenin's arch-enemy Kautsky. However, Lenin was not operating only in the realm of theory. He took encouragement from the rise of a whole range of institutions that seemed to embody class-based, direct democracy, and in particular the soviets and the factory committees, which demanded the right to 'supervise' ('kontrolirovat') (although not to take the place of) factory management. 7251: 3266: 2145: 2354: 21887:: "As communist Parties emerged around the world, encouraged both by the success of the Soviet Party in establishing Russia's independence from foreign domination and by clandestine monetary subsidies from the Soviet comrades, they became identifiable by their adherence to a common political ideology known as Marxism–Leninism. Of course from the very beginning Marxism–Leninism existed in many variants. The conditions were themselves an effort to enforce a minimal degree of uniformity on diverse conceptions of communist identity. Adherence to the ideas of 'Marx, Engels, Lenin, and Trotsky' characterized the Trotskyists who soon broke off in a 'Fourth International'." 7232:. According to Engels, state property by itself is private property of capitalist nature, unless the proletariat has control of political power, in which case it forms public property. Whether the proletariat was actually in control of the Marxist–Leninist states is a matter of debate between Marxism–Leninism and other communist tendencies. To these tendencies, Marxism–Leninism is neither Marxism nor Leninism nor the union of both but rather an artificial term created to justify Stalin's ideological distortion, forced into the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Comintern. In the Soviet Union, this struggle against Marxism–Leninism was represented by 3252: 9780:... communism (noun) ... 2. The economic and political system instituted in the Soviet Union after the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. Also, the economic and political system of several Soviet allies, such as China and Cuba. (Writers often capitalize Communism when they use the word in this sense.) These Communist economic systems often did not achieve the ideals of communist theory. For example, although many forms of property were owned by the government in the USSR and China, neither the work nor the products were shared in a manner that would be considered equitable by many communist or Marxist theorists. 21915:'Marxism–Leninism–Maoism' became the ideology of the Chinese Communist Party and of the splinter parties that broke off from national communist parties after the Chinese definitively split with the Soviets in 1963. Italian communists continued to be influenced by the ideas of Antonio Gramsci, whose independent conception of the reasons why the working class in industrial countries remained politically quiescent bore far more democratic implications than Lenin's own explanation of worker passivity. Until Stalin's death, the Soviet Party referred to its own ideology as 'Marxism–Leninism–Stalinism'." 7151: 8104:, communism is "commonly confused with the political and economic system that developed in the Soviet Union" after the revolution. Morris also wrote that Soviet-style communism "did not 'work'" due to "an over-centralised, oppressive, bureaucratic and rigid economic and political system." Historian Andrzej Paczkowski summarized communism as "an ideology that seemed clearly the opposite, that was based on the secular desire of humanity to achieve equality and social justice, and that promised a great leap forward into freedom." In contrast, Austrian-American economist 62: 7426: 21844: 9601:, pp. 44–45: "By 1888, the term 'socialism' was in general use among Marxists, who had dropped 'communism', now considered an old fashioned term meaning the same as 'socialism'. ... At the turn of the century, Marxists called themselves socialists. ... The definition of socialism and communism as successive stages was introduced into Marxist theory by Lenin in 1917 ..., the new distinction was helpful to Lenin in defending his party against the traditional Marxist criticism that Russia was too backward for a socialist revolution." 16010:"You know that the institutions, mores, and traditions of various countries must be taken into consideration, and we do not deny that there are countries – such as America, England, and if I were more familiar with your institutions, I would perhaps also add Holland – where the workers can attain their goal by peaceful means. This being the case, we must also recognise the fact that in most countries on the Continent the lever of our revolution must be force; it is force to which we must some day appeal to erect the rule of labour." 3448: 21484:, and did not make a connection between all Communist states or communism as an ideology. Rosefielde wrote that "the conditions for the Red Holocaust were rooted in Stalin's, Kim's, Mao's, Ho's and Pol Pot's siege-mobilized terror-command economic systems, not in Marx's utopian vision or other pragmatic communist transition mechanisms. Terror-command was chosen among other reasons because of legitimate fears about the long-term viability of terror-free command, and the ideological risks of market communism." 2332: 1583: 13307:'Although Stalin was the system's prime architect, the system was managed by thousands of 'Stalins' in a nested dictatorship,' Gregory writes. 'This study pinpoints the reasons for the failure of the system – poor planning, unreliable supplies, the preferential treatment of indigenous enterprises, the lack of knowledge of planners, etc. – but also focuses on the basic principal agent conflict between planners and producers, which created a sixty-year reform stalemate.' 22063:... we do not live in a world directly constructed by Stalin's purges or mass starvation under Pol Pot. Those states are gone. Even Mao's Great Leap Forward was quickly abandoned and rejected by the Chinese Communist Party, though the party is still very much around. We do, however, live in a world built partly by US-backed Cold War violence. ... Washington's anticommunist crusade, with Indonesia as the apex of its murderous violence against civilians, deeply shaped the world we live in now ... . 25442: 8662: 6018: 2896:. While the war ended in a military stalemate, it gave Mao the opportunity to identify and purge elements in China that seemed supportive of capitalism. At first, there was close cooperation with Stalin, who sent in technical experts to aid the industrialization process along the line of the Soviet model of the 1930s. After Stalin's death in 1953, relations with Moscow soured – Mao thought Stalin's successors had betrayed the Communist ideal. Mao charged that Soviet leader 1068: 8544: 3933: 6934: 2913: 6681: 20483:(Poland), Košice (Slovakia), and Miskolc (Hungary), as were various mechanical engineering and chemical combines and other industrial sites. As a result of communist modernization, living standards in Eastern Europe rose. Planned economies, moreover, meant that wages, salaries, and the prices of consumer goods were fixed. Although the communists were not able to cancel out all regional differences, they succeeded in creating largely egalitarian societies. 7510: 3004: 7743: 25454: 6042: 1079: 2853: 8397:, on the political left, there are "those with some sympathy for socialist ideals and the popular opinion of hundreds of millions of Russian and east European citizens nostalgic for their state socialist pasts.", while on the political right, there are "the committed anti-totalitarians, both east and west, insisting that all experiments with Marxism will always and inevitably end with the gulag." The " 1848:, "Marx used many terms to refer to a post-capitalist society – positive humanism, socialism, Communism, realm of free individuality, free association of producers, etc. He used these terms completely interchangeably. The notion that 'socialism' and 'Communism' are distinct historical stages is alien to his work and only entered the lexicon of Marxism after his death." According to the 3357:, and since then China has managed to bring down the poverty rate from 53% in the Mao era to just 8% in 2001. After losing Soviet subsidies and support, Vietnam and Cuba have attracted more foreign investment to their countries, with their economies becoming more market-oriented. North Korea, the last Communist country that still practices Soviet-style Communism, is both repressive and isolationist. 7929: 6030: 21506:, stated that Communism killed more than Nazism and thus was worse; several scholars have criticized this view. After assessing twenty years of historical research in Eastern European archives, lower estimates by the "revisionist school" of historians have been vindicated, despite the popular press continuing to use higher estimates and containing serious errors. Historians such as 9190:"The far left in America consists principally of people who believe in some form of Marxism-Leninism, i.e., some form of Communism. A small minority of extreme leftists adhere to "pure" Marxism or collectivist anarchism. Most far leftists scorn reforms (except as a short-term tactic), and instead aim for the complete overthrow of the capitalist system including the U.S. government." 14533: 21899:: "The proletariat seizes the public power, and by means of this transforms the socialized means of production, slipping from the hands of the bourgeoisie, into public property. By this act, the proletariat frees the means of production from the character of capital they have thus far borne, and gives their socialized character complete freedom to work itself out." 7998:, the main theorist of anarcho-communism, stated that a revolutionary society should "transform itself immediately into a communist society", that it should go immediately into what Marx had regarded as the "more advanced, completed, phase of communism". In this way, it tries to avoid the reappearance of class divisions and the need for a state to be in control. 21738:, "hether all these cases, from Hungary to Afghanistan, have a single essence and thus deserve to be lumped together – just because they are labeled Marxist or communist – is a question the authors scarcely discuss." In particular, historians Jens Mecklenburg and Wolfgang Wippermann stated that a connection between the events in 8563:) than citizens of other countries. Those who are left-authoritarian in this sense more often tend to be older generations that lived under Communism. In contrast, younger post-Communist generations continue to be anti-democratic but are not as left-wing ideologically, which in the words of Pop-Eleches and Tucker "might help explain the growing popularity of 8287:. Many commentators on the political right point to the mass deaths under Communist states, claiming them as an indictment of communism. Opponents of this view argue that these killings were aberrations caused by specific authoritarian regimes, and not caused by communism itself, and point to mass deaths in wars and famines that they argue were caused by 7487:, or those who upheld Maoism, were not unified around a common understanding of Maoism, instead having their own particular interpretations of the political, philosophical, economical, and military works of Mao. Its adherents claim that as a unified, coherent higher stage of Marxism, it was not consolidated until the 1980s, first being formalized by the 3887:, "the transformation ... into State-ownership does not do away with the capitalistic nature of the productive forces. ... State-ownership of the productive forces is not the solution of the conflict, but concealed within it are the technical conditions that form the elements of that solution." This has led Marxist groups and tendencies critical of the 21398:'s writings; the geographical scope is "the Big Three", and the authors state that killings were carried out as part of an unbalanced modernizing policy of rapid industrialization, asking "what marked the beginning of the unbalanced Russian modernisation process that was to have such terrible consequences?" Notable scholarly exceptions are historian 21374:, have questioned "the very category 'victims of Stalinism'" as "a matter of political judgement" because mass deaths from famines are not a "uniquely Stalinist evil" and were widespread throughout the world in the 19th and 20th centuries. There exists very little literature that compares excess deaths under "the Big Three" of Stalin's Soviet Union, 2500:, socialist parties totaled well over 70% of the vote. The Bolsheviks were clear winners in the urban centres, and took around two-thirds of the votes of soldiers on the Western Front, obtaining 23.3% of the vote; the Socialist Revolutionaries finished first on the strength of support from the country's rural peasantry, who were for the most part 8501: 8272:'s Cambodia on the basis that Stalin influenced Mao, who influenced Pol Pot; in all cases, scholars say killings were carried out as part of a policy of an unbalanced modernization process of rapid industrialization. Daniel Goldhagen argues that 20th century communist regimes "have killed more people than any other regime type." 8650: 1420:. With the exception of North Korea, all of these states have started allowing more economic competition while maintaining one-party rule. The decline of communism in the late 20th century has been attributed to the inherent inefficiencies of communist economies and the general trend of communist governments towards 9989:, p. 5: "Chapter 1 looks at the foundations of the doctrine by examining the contribution made by various traditions of socialism in the period between the early 19th century and the aftermath of the First World War. The two forms that emerged as dominant by the early 1920s were social democracy and communism." 11854:, p. 45: "Among Western journalists the term 'Communist' came to refer exclusively to regimes and movements associated with the Communist International and its offspring: regimes which insisted that they were not communist but socialist, and movements which were barely communist in any sense at all."; 3651:, and so on) become contradictory and inefficient as the productive forces develop, which results in some form of social revolution arising in response to the mounting contradictions. This revolutionary change is the vehicle for fundamental society-wide changes and ultimately leads to the emergence of new 20229:(2011)). Thus, anti-communism not only delegitimises the left, including communists, and depreciates the contribution of the left to the breakdown of fascism in 1945, but also contributes to the rehabilitation of the latter, as we can see in recent cases in Europe and other places. (Quote at pp. 178–179) 21843: 21429: 11455: 9666: 2627: 2106: 21510: 21185: 21155: 20220: 11806: 8972: 7371: 2937:. The movement paralyzed China politically and weakened the country economically, culturally, and intellectually for years. Millions of people were accused, humiliated, stripped of power, and either imprisoned, killed, or most often, sent to work as farm laborers. Mao insisted that those he labelled 23381: 21443: 20482: 19819: 19333: 19102: 16544: 14860: 14022: 9581: 8859: 8122: 2820: 21312: 21256: 20853: 20113: 13351: 8543: 8500: 6851: 6769: 2912: 2852: 1524: 23421: 21778: 14933: 12781: 11421: 8649: 7107: 21938: 8427: 3414: 2807: 21754: 21693: 21337: 11706: 3786: 3735: 23205: 2917: 14666: 9249: 3638: 2900: 21438: 3703: 3389: 14667: 7008: 2507: 8532: 8248:, alongside colonial, counter-guerrilla, and ethnic mass killing, as a subtype of dispossessive mass killing to distinguish it from coercive mass killing. Genocide scholars do not consider ideology, or regime-type, as an important factor that explains mass killings. Some authors, such as 2957: 2397: 7320: 2306: – a new class of urban factory workers who labored under often-hazardous conditions. Foremost among these critics were Marx and his associate Engels. In 1848, Marx and Engels offered a new definition of communism and popularized the term in their famous pamphlet 23422: 11422: 2392: 3601: 18192: 21718: 14900: 8552:. In addition, 61 percent said that standards of living were now higher than they had been under Communism, while only 31 percent said that they were worse, with the remaining 8 percent saying that they did not know or that standards of living had not changed. 21257: 21265: 7091:. Where Khrushchev pursued an interpretation that differed from Stalin, the anti-revisionists within the international communist movement remained dedicated to Stalin's ideological legacy and criticized the Soviet Union under Khrushchev and his successors as 3606: 19103: 9667: 8401:" concept, has become accepted scholarship, as part of the double genocide theory, in Eastern Europe and among anti-communists in general; it is rejected by some Western European and other scholars, especially when it is used to equate Communism and 9283: 8559:, citizens of post-Communist countries are less supportive of democracy and more supportive of government-provided social welfare. They also found that those who lived under Communist rule were more likely to be left-authoritarian (referencing the 8405:, which is seen by scholars as a long-discredited perspective. The narrative posits that famines and mass deaths by Communist states can be attributed to a single cause and that communism, as "the deadliest ideology in history", or in the words of 3809: 6816: 6761:, "between capitalist and communist society there lies the period of the revolutionary transformation of the one into the other. Corresponding to this is also a political transition period in which the state can be nothing but the revolutionary 2277: 15352:... Ruskin attempted a methodological/scientific critique of political economy. He fixed on ideas of 'natural laws', 'economic man' and the prevailing notion of 'value' to point out gaps and inconsistencies in the system of classical economics. 15059: 7803: 3804: 3398: 8371: 14633: 2760:, the Leninist parties were organized on a hierarchical basis, with active cells of members as the broad base. They were made up only of elite cadres approved by higher members of the party as being reliable and completely subject to 1945: 21714:(politicide), but no comparative analysis or communist link is drawn, other than the events just happened to take place in some Communist states in Eastern Asia. The Harff database is the most frequently used by genocide scholars. 2111:'s early writings; Marx stated that "s Christ is the intermediary unto whom man unburdens all his divinity, all his religious bonds, so the state is the mediator unto which he transfers all his Godlessness, all his human liberty." 14743: 11456: 8446:, Communism is "considered one of the two great totalitarian movements of the 20th century", the other being Nazism, but added that "there is an important difference in how the world has treated these two execrable phenomena.": 6852: 19604: 16545: 15253:'There are no counterparts to Marx's economic concepts in either classical or utility theory.' I take this to mean that Marx breaks with economics, where economics is understood to be a generally applicable social science. 3878: 9630: 3659: 21626: 20595:"If, in 1987–1988, 2 percent of the Russian people lived in poverty (i.e., survived on less than $ 4 a day), by 1993–1995 the number reached 50 percent: in just seven years half the Russian population became destitute. 15282:[Engels was the first to critically engage the new political economy his 'Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy' came out in 1844 and became a starting point for Marx's own critique of political economy.] 11707: 7482: 21750:'s murderous anti-urbanism under the same category. Historian Michael David-Fox criticized the figures as well as the idea to combine loosely connected events under a single category of Communist death toll, blaming 20225:(1997) is of help here as it estimates the number of victims of 'communism' at around 100 million; however, it is critically commented on by researchers on the subject, including historian Enzo Traverso in the book 7321: 21675: 3108: 14353: 12672: 8058: 6964:. There is no definite agreement between historians about whether Stalin actually followed the principles of Marx and Lenin. It also contains aspects which according to some are deviations from Marxism such as 2516: 8465:, and alleged economic underperformance when compared to developed free market systems are cited as examples of Communist states failing to build a successful state while relying entirely on what they view as 2477: 2422: 8409: 15280: 19429: 18160: 16328: 21414: 7841: 3229:. Previously, from August to December 1991, all the individual republics, including Russia itself, had seceded from the union. The week before the union's formal dissolution, eleven republics signed the 16526: 3801:. It is seen as merely one of many types of historically specific ways to distribute resources. They argue that it is a relatively new mode of resource distribution, which emerged along with modernity. 8461: 15669: 3315: 1562: 7357: 8421:, propose a theory of equivalence between class and racial genocide. It is supported by the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation, with 100 million being the most common estimate used from 2107: 1854:, "Exactly how communism differs from socialism has long been a matter of debate, but the distinction rests largely on the communists' adherence to the revolutionary socialism of Karl Marx." 19334: 10416: 2724:, which debated on the path of development to follow. The Left and Workers' oppositions were more critical of the state-capitalist development and the Workers' in particular was critical of 3327:, which abolished the monarchy in 2008 and turned the country into a federal liberal-democratic republic, and have democratically shared power with other communists, Marxist–Leninists, and 1271:, that in this system there are two major social classes, that the relationship between these two classes is exploitative, and that this situation can only ultimately be resolved through a 10270: 14751: 13462: 3246: 14452: 10116: 8355: 2837:, which drove the Americans back to the prewar boundaries, but which escalated tensions. The United States decided to mobilize its economy for a long contest with the Soviets, built the 1400: 21761:. Allegation of a communist or red Holocaust is not popular among scholars in Germany or internationally, and is considered a form of softcore antisemitism and Holocaust trivialization. 2504:, that issue being land reform, obtaining 37.6%, while the Ukrainian Socialist Bloc finished a distant third at 12.7%, and the Mensheviks obtained a disappointing fourth place at 3.0%. 1734: 1675:". Socialism has been described as a philosophy seeking distributive justice, and communism as a subset of socialism that prefers economic equality as its form of distributive justice. 18171: 24528: 23247: 21338: 16665: 7987: 3832: 3791:, faulty historical assumptions, and the normative use of various descriptive narratives. They reject what they describe as mainstream economists' tendency to posit the economy as an 3595: 2404: 136: 9834: 23451: 23018: 22978: 8480: 2929: 7224:. According to Marxism, the dictatorship of the proletariat represents the rule of the majority (democracy) rather than of one party, to the extent that the co-founder of Marxism, 9403: 7209: 10193: 3415: 17679: 8320: 8047:. Although there is no universal agreement on the exact dates when communistic ideas and practices in Christianity began, many Christian communists state that evidence from the 7466: 7112:. Others reject both Stalin and Mao, tracing their ideological roots back to Marx and Lenin. In addition, other groups uphold various less-well-known historical leaders such as 1259: 14539: 3752: 18651: 4209: 4174: 20561: 9760: 8517:, in addition to developing better institutions. The institute also stated that the process of privatization in Russia was "deeply flawed" due to Russia's reforms being "far 6751: 22714: 21292:. In 2009, the constitution was quietly amended so that it removed all Marxist–Leninist references present in the first draft, and also dropped all references to communism. 15615: 15219: 2051:. Plato, in particular, has been considered as a possible communist or socialist theorist, or as the first author to give communism a serious consideration. The 5th-century 22255: 8473: 19820: 8505: 3814:. Into the 21st century, there are multiple critiques of political economy; what they have in common is the critique of what critics of political economy tend to view as 3523: 8625: 7068: 20433: 18535: 2709: 19255: 18105: 3626: 20973: 20764: 17564: 18004: 7020: 6907: 1463:, which remain controversial, polarized, and debated topics in academia, historiography, and politics when discussing communism and the legacy of Communist states. 21804: 18166: 16283: 14520:[Declaration of the Council of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in connection with the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States]. 14137: 11122: 8162: 3994: 1460: 2892: 21929: 21807:. South East Asian communism was deeply divided, as China supported the Khmer Rouge, while the Soviet Union and Vietnam opposed it. The United States supported 18048: 7220: 3402: 20191: 15805: 3526: 19833: 10833:(Spring 1998). "Le Livre noir du communisme: Crimes, terreur, répression (The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, and Repression) by Stéphane Courtois". 2829:, expecting a short war. He was stunned when the Americans entered and defeated the North Koreans, putting them almost on the Soviet border. Stalin supported 23013: 22973: 21410:, which includes any direct and indirect deaths by government, and did not limit himself to Communist states, which were categorized within the framework of 15700: 3634: 3255: 22620: 19997: 19346: 18125: 15659: 15535:[The classical political economy as it was developed by John Stuart Mill, Adam Smith, and David Ricardo, as a kind of 'collective mental lapse' ...] 13865: 1287:, a small minority that derives profit from employing the working class through private ownership of the means of production. According to this analysis, a 21984: 21815:, and research has shown that everything in Cambodia was seen as a legitimate target by the United States, whose verdict of its main leaders at that time ( 17118: 15533: 21430: 21062: 18650:(2011). "Chapter 5: 'Industrial repression' and Operation Condor in Latin America". In Esparza, Marcia; Huttenbach, Henry R.; Feierstein, Daniel (eds.). 16420: 3016: 2075:, and striving to create an egalitarian society. At one time or another, various small communist communities existed, generally under the inspiration of 1291: 15601: 3797: 2812:. Relations with the United States and Britain went from friendly to hostile, as they denounced Stalin's political controls over eastern Europe and his 22481: 1381: 21145:, other than the general consensus of being to the left of a standard political left, and because many of their positions are not extreme, or because 14689: 3117:. By the 1960s and 1970s, many Western communist parties had criticized many of the actions of communist states, distanced from them, and developed a 27820: 23151: 15588: 15387:'To criticize Political Economy' means to confront it with a new problematic and a new object: i.e., to question the very object of Political Economy 12927: 10150: 9958: 6882:, as the political prelude to the establishment of communism. The function of the Leninist vanguard party is to provide the working classes with the 15810: 23089: 20944: 19837: 15374: 10426: 5465: 3727: 21746:'s Cambodia are far from evident and that Pol Pot's study of Marxism in Paris is insufficient for connecting radical Soviet industrialism and the 21561: 17211: 16844: 2977: 21992: 17307: 14549: 13793: 8152: 6733:. There would be little, if any, need for a state, the goal of which was to enforce the alienation of labor; as such, the state would eventually 3724: 2509: 21787:, resulting in the dropping of more than half a million tonnes of bombs in the country during the civil-war period; this was mainly directed to 25974: 25491: 24762: 23322: 22767: 21988: 21439: 17246: 15043: 13428: 12331: 8932:, p. 43: "One widespread distinction was that socialism socialised production only while communism socialised production and consumption." 8457:, their bureaucracy, and the inherent inefficiencies in their economies have been linked to the decline of communism in the late 20th century. 4324: 3880: 3696: 3307: 2736:, the Leninist parties were organized on a hierarchical basis, with active cells of members as the broad base. They were made up only of elite 2419: 1260: 1167:, distribution, and exchange that allocates products to everyone in the society based on need. A communist society would entail the absence of 380: 17087: 2808: 19657: 13812: 7447: 7341: 6667: 3954: 3643:) is the primary agent of change in the structure of society and of human social relations and that social systems and their relations (e.g. 3410: 1190: 20891: 18022: 11256: 24381: 21406:, who have attempted a connection between all Communist states. Rummel's analysis was done within the framework of his proposed concept of 20640: 16813: 11640: 8017: 6662: 3949: 3740: 1954: 21284:, which is portrayed as a development of Marxism–Leninism, the status of North Korea remains disputed. Marxism–Leninism was superseded by 9999: 21347: 14201: 11766: 10921: 10076: 8376: 8123: 7429: 6709: 24310: 20943: 19886: 10939:... most of the 40-60,000,000 lives lost in the Second World War, for which arguably Hitler and not Stalin was principally responsible. 10476:(1999). "Victims of Stalinism and the Soviet Secret Police: The Comparability and Reliability of the Archival Data. Not the Last Word". 2234:'s attitude towards these groups was at best ambivalent and often hostile. Criticism of the idea of private property continued into the 26764: 26405: 21382:'s Cambodia, and that which does exist mainly enumerates the events rather than explain their ideological reasons. One such example is 21354: 21288: 18689: 14149: 11876: 10224: 10173: 7788:, and the idea of a revolutionary party, since council communists believe that a revolution led by a party would necessarily produce a 6770: 4094: 3969: 2497: 19977: 19801: 17693: 15857: 15692: 12896: 12865: 11648: 3419: 24772: 24706: 23708:. Historiographical essay that covers the scholarship of the three major schools: totalitarianism, revisionism, and post-revisionism. 22440: 21699: 21137:, for which there is general consensus among scholars on what it entails and its grouping (e.g. various academic handbooks studies), 20034:"Advocating for the Cause of the 'Victims of Communism' in the European Political Space: Memory Entrepreneurs in Interstitial Fields" 6072: 3344: 3078: 2647: 390: 322: 16629: 2985: 26949: 25218: 24523: 22339: 17368: 16875: 14171: 3056: 840: 131: 18183: 17299: 16909: 13056: 13029: 12998: 7752: 7455: 3760:'s model, is to be the most democratic state where the whole of the public authority is elected and recallable under the basis of 3273: 27557: 26859: 25166: 12034: 11288:(1983). "Quelques dates à propos des termes communiste et communisme" [Some dates on the terms communist and communism]. 8132: 7407: 4204: 3365: 3097: 788: 21156: 8476: 8442:, and by extension communism, and the former work in particular was important in the criminalization of communism. According to 6875: 26978: 24767: 8510: 7549: 4898: 4880: 4309: 3347: 1818: 385: 21394:, a review study summarizing what others have stated about it, mentioning some authors who saw the origins of the killings in 17489: 12361: 11014:"Victims of Stalinism and the Soviet Secret Police: The Comparability and Reliability of the Archival Data. Not the Last Word" 10247: 7250: 6783: 26966: 25342: 24286: 24260: 24237: 24211: 24186: 24160: 24137: 24111: 24081: 24055: 24033: 23926: 23900: 23872: 23820: 23789: 23721: 23667: 23639: 23616: 23590: 23564: 23538: 23414: 23305: 23279: 23168: 22927: 22880: 22812: 22756: 22695: 22522: 22134: 22084: 21978: 20875: 20475: 20264: 19422: 19311: 19248: 19095: 19005: 18960: 18915: 18869: 18824: 18782: 18669: 18631: 18460: 18425: 18347: 17984: 17956: 17925: 17875: 17351: 17132: 16993: 16923: 16889: 16858: 16827: 16793: 16761: 16727: 16643: 16612: 16428: 16373: 15942: 15773: 15420: 15201: 15013: 14926: 14320: 13678: 13619: 13344: 13289: 13070: 13039: 13012: 12981: 12937: 12910: 12879: 12840: 12167: 12122: 12087: 11938: 11699: 11670: 11615: 11492: 11406: 11333: 10896: 10695: 10264: 9891: 9849: 9807: 9714: 9659: 9574: 9340: 9309: 9065: 8825: 8148: 7528: 5793: 5720: 4164: 3579: 2728: 2659: 1672: 1452: 970: 18539: 8188:. Among genocide scholars, there is no consensus on a common terminology, and the events have been variously referred to as 5270: 1941: 24752: 23948: 23324: 23216: 22549: 22106: 20999: 18111: 16717: 16371: 11114: 10524:(2000). "The Scale and Nature of Stalinist Repression and Its Demographic Significance: On Comments by Keep and Conquest". 8560: 8506: 2195:, a work about More, whose ideas could be regarded as "the foregleam of Modern Socialism" according to Kautsky. During the 370: 24414: 14199: 7108: 1667:). This distinction can be observed in Marx's communism, where the distribution of products is based on the principle of " 27667: 27577: 24445: 22323: 21093: 18054: 18008: 7875: 6981: 6957: 4711: 4299: 4119: 4049: 4024: 3731: 3278: 3201:, although five of the signatories ratified it much later or did not do it at all. On the previous day, Soviet president 2773: 1822: 1107: 27692: 25819: 21770: 18331: 18308: 9399:"Problems and Perspectives of Contemporary European Radical Left Parties: Chasing a Lost World or Still a World to Win?" 8993: 8880: 7124: 2508: 25967: 25484: 23846: 23374: 23198: 22453: 22380: 22056: 21076: 21042: 20806: 20588: 20554: 20522: 20409: 20377: 18732: 18561: 18405: 18375: 17727: 17433: 16321: 15851: 14975: 14853: 14079: 14048: 14011: 13976: 13905: 13755: 12971: 11890: 10308: 10044: 9883: 8439: 7753: 7556:. Eurocommunists tended to have a larger attachment to liberty and democracy than their Marxist–Leninist counterparts. 3234: 3198: 3190: 2580: 2557: 2388:, which was the first time any avowedly communist party reached that position. The revolution transferred power to the 1927: 20158: 18206: 15733: 15557: 15520: 13506: 3691: 25296: 23971: 23472: 23137: 23065: 23031: 22991: 22780: 22609: 22353: 22250: 21933: 21524: 20141: 19960: 19928: 19742: 19586: 19547: 19502: 19280: 18512: 18283: 18134: 18085: 15907: 15487: 15368: 15337: 14659: 14626: 14374: 14276: 14244: 13724: 13583: 13455: 13157: 12760: 12722: 12600: 12568: 12539: 12238: 12205: 11975: 11586: 11546: 11178: 10187: 10107: 9971: 9936: 9623: 9140: 8344: 8260:, consider the ideology of communism to be a significant causative factor in mass killings. Some connect killings in 4538: 4189: 4139: 3395: 3324: 2974: 1759: 922: 24399: 19860:"Ideology, Memory and Religion in Post-Communist East Central Europe: A Comparative Study Focused on Post-Holocaust" 15958: 14514: 3285:. Communist parties, or their descendant parties, remain politically important in several other countries. With the 27637: 26087: 25317: 24747: 23737: 14515:"Deklaratsiya Soveta Respublik Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR v svyazi s sozdaniyem Sodruzhestva Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv" 12457: 11959: 9014: 8901: 7769: 6619: 6519: 5851: 5798: 4463: 4104: 3340: 3032: 2569: 2144: 945: 365: 21812: 20334: 3265: 2756: 2704: 26593: 26444: 24757: 24578: 23556: 23490: 23206: 22645: 22069: 21775: 21774:. The goal of Khmer Rouge's leaders goal was to introduce communism in an extremely short period of time through 21363: 21358:'s Soviet Union, without connecting them to communism as a whole. They have vigorously debated, including on the 20716:"Neoliberal Doctrine Meets the Eastern Bloc: Resistance, Appropriation and Purification in Post-Socialist Spaces" 19377: 17769: 17272: 15038: 14891: 13855: 13186: 12448: 7420: 7313: 7103: 7037: 6802: 6762: 6702: 5305: 4855: 4553: 4431: 4129: 4029: 3984: 3745: 3286: 3168: 3036: 2389: 1397: 375: 188: 25090: 12954: 10102: 9522: 9458: 8533: 6809: 710: 27794: 27647: 26533: 25379: 24360: 23983: 23432: 22345: 21779: 20918: 20827: 20441: 17917: 14841: 12267: 12259: 12197: 12000: 10967: 4351: 4249: 4229: 4134: 4059: 3687: 2481: 2466: 2463: 2191:, who popularized Marxist communism in Western Europe more than any other thinker apart from Engels, published 1931: 1668: 1385: 1007: 21791: 18541: 4453: 27895: 27890: 27885: 27834: 27707: 26929: 25960: 25477: 25389: 24518: 23297: 22798: 21566: 21541: 20282: 16483: 14881: 14419: 13783: 12039: 10960:"Victims of the Soviet Penal System in the Pre-War Years: A First Approach on the Basis of Archival Evidence" 8676: 8052: 7871: 7317: 6997: 6757: 6474: 6065: 5600: 4503: 4272: 4154: 3773: 3282: 3185:, the Soviet Union was dissolved on 26 December 1991. It was a result of the declaration number 142-Н of the 3098: 3048: 2914: 2489: 2440: 2263: 1891: 1547: 1339: 1017: 126: 22500:(2001). "The Left's Lost Universalism". In Melzer, Arthur M.; Weinberger, Jerry; Zinman, M. Richard (eds.). 22471: 21230: 20071:"A History of Post-Communist Remembrance: From Memory Politics to the Emergence of a Field of Anticommunism" 19032: 14712: 8860: 2864:; for significant numbers of Russians and Georgians, he is regarded as a great statesman and state-builder. 27880: 27732: 27727: 27421: 26459: 26092: 25901: 25500: 25411: 25327: 25269: 25208: 24629: 24538: 24400:"The True Levellers Standard Advanced: Or, The State of Community Opened, and Presented to the Sons of Men" 23886: 22586: 22315: 22169: 22005: 21465: 21445: 18694: 17536:"Yanis Varoufakis thinks we need a radically new way of thinking about the economy, finance and capitalism" 17062: 14679: 14268: 14101: 13860: 12782: 12705: 11570: 11072: 8614: 8373: 8119: 8109: 7361: 7306: 6915:, which sanctioned political commitment to the successful overthrow of capitalism, and then to instituting 6766: 6534: 5275: 5155: 4329: 4244: 4084: 3837: 3571: 3530: – a class of wage laborers employed to produce goods and services – and the 3516: 3438: 3118: 2593: 2529: 2467: 2321: 1781:, which had come to be considered an old-fashioned synonym for the former. It was not until 1917, with the 1292: 1039: 955: 893: 830: 244: 148: 20: 20255:. CERI Series in Comparative Politics and International Studies. Translated by Schoch, Cynthia. New York: 15800: 15580: 13573: 10139: 9921: 3932: 27747: 27742: 27527: 25876: 25347: 25065: 24563: 23781: 22943: 22218: 21730: 21695: 21545: 21502: 21417: 21359: 21232: 20580: 19834:"Holocaust Revisionism, Ultranationalism, and the Nazi/Soviet 'Double Genocide' Debate in Eastern Europe" 19694: 18545: 18401: 18339: 16604: 16520: 16487: 15997: 15108: 14517:Декларация Совета Республик Верховного Совета СССР в связи с созданием Содружества Независимых Государств 11203: 11067: 8951: 8728: 8641:, suggest that the rise and fall of communism had a significant impact on the development and decline of 8423: 8075: 8068: 7894: 7658: 7560:, general secretary of Italy's major Communist party, was widely considered the father of Eurocommunism. 6734: 6564: 6329: 5783: 5585: 5055: 4184: 4109: 4004: 3251: 3044: 3024: 2353: 1960: 1630: 1222: 1203: 975: 685: 173: 24337: 22044: 21370:, and the release of state archives put some of the heat out of the debate. Some historians, among them 20543: 20398: 20366: 16448: 9041: 3113: 27900: 27865: 26412: 26072: 25374: 24403: 24221: 24152: 24129: 24103: 24095: 24025: 23812: 23121: 22396: 22076: 21219: 21214:-ruling states and governments, which are considered to be proper nouns as a result. Following scholar 20798: 20574: 20546: 20467: 20401: 20369: 20045: 19578: 19455: 19375: 18816: 17948: 17223: 16785: 15479: 15135: 15097: 14789: 13891: 13747: 13479: 13273: 12627: 12560: 12446: 12408: 12292: 12114: 12044: 11818: 11691: 11607: 10687: 9383: 9278: 9172: 8721: 8581: 8226: 8101: 7909:, who has been described as being "more Leninist than Lenin", and considered himself to be a Leninist. 7792:. Council communists support a workers' democracy, produced through a federation of workers' councils. 7159: 7073: 6919:; and as the revolutionary national government, to realize the socio-economic transition by all means. 6801: 6695: 5555: 5530: 5455: 4818: 4616: 4054: 3612: 3442: 3206: 2129: 1240: 1002: 31: 26729: 24345: 22596:. SpringerBriefs on Pioneers in Science and Practice. Vol. 37. Cham: Springer. pp. 111–129. 21667: 17151:(January–March 1971). "Leninism and Maoism: Some Populist Perspectives on Marxism-Leninism in China". 16218: 13229: 13227: 13225: 9205: 8946: 8791: 8593:. Dean argues that, when people think of capitalism, they do not consider what are its worst results ( 8055:, established their own small communist society in the years following Jesus' death and resurrection. 7764:. The core principle of council communism is that the government and the economy should be managed by 6755:, being "one of the first and most important tasks of the militant proletariat". As Marx wrote in his 2821: 2247: 2141: 1850: 1319: 27905: 27860: 26776: 26719: 26304: 24805: 24737: 24407: 23514: 23438: 22263: 22245: 22171: 22030: 21318: 20256: 19135: 18907: 18861: 18275: 18249: 17785: 17664: 16501: 16465: 16188: 15822: 15054: 15033: 14970: 14954: 14895: 13589: 13184: 12806: 11325: 11264: 9942: 9651: 9547: 9532: 9484: 9468: 9026: 8967: 8913: 8691: 8477: 8093: 8002: 7495: 5695: 4702: 4586: 4304: 4199: 4159: 4089: 4074: 3857: 3082: 2596: 2564: 2259: 1948: 1335: 1199: 425: 355: 20280: 17803: 15127: 14774: 14176:. Biennial meeting, South African Political Studies Association, 29 June–2 July 1999. Archived from 13267: 13089: 9368: 9263: 9157: 8031: 3105:. Communism was seen as a rival of and a threat to Western capitalism for most of the 20th century. 2544:, were critical of the Bolsheviks from the beginning due to Russia being seen as too backward for a 2435:. 50,000 workers had passed a resolution in favour of Bolshevik demand for transfer of power to the 27870: 27617: 24229: 22153: 22094: 21525: 21457: 20715: 19414: 19348: 19303: 19240: 18952: 18235: 17582: 17095: 16780:(1992). "Trotsky's political economy of capitalism". In Brotherstone, Terence; Dukes, Paul (eds.). 16274: 14618: 14577: 13817: 13222: 12531: 11882: 11115:"A Tale of 'Two Totalitarianisms': The Crisis of Capitalism and the Historical Memory of Communism" 11086: 10145:[First stipulation of the 'Seongun Thought' of the North Korean Constitution] (in Korean). 9919: 9841: 9768: 9092: 8528: 7681: 7541: 7298: 7174: 6965: 6599: 6444: 6304: 6058: 5788: 4149: 4069: 4019: 3350: 1599: 23406: 23393: 23079: 19665: 15982: 15613: 15217: 13962: 13370: 11863: 11472: 11398: 11386: 7132:. Hoxha agreed with Mao in this analysis, before later using the expression to also condemn Mao's 4473: 3558:, results in a period of short-term crises as the bourgeoisie struggle to manage the intensifying 3125:. This development was criticized by more orthodox supporters of the Soviet Union as amounting to 2576: 27597: 27517: 26934: 26523: 26434: 25764: 25401: 24716: 24609: 24438: 24385: 24073: 23658: 23631: 23504: 23402: 23057: 22899: 22748: 22687: 22505: 22476: 21297: 21195: 21068: 21030: 20506: 20196: 20133: 19747: 18993: 18239: 18030: 17832: 17219: 16454: 15970: 15102: 14651: 14071: 13716: 13611: 13558: 13447: 13031: 12832: 12339: 11930: 11654: 11578: 11484: 11394: 10608: 10179: 9746: 9527: 9463: 8816: 8706: 8534: 8249: 8204: 7867: 7821: 7618: 7537: 7517: 7444: 7259: 6977: 6912: 6899: 6883: 6793: 6772: 6747: 6604: 6539: 6449: 6424: 6279: 5953: 5933: 4766: 4498: 4381: 4234: 4194: 4014: 4009: 3964: 3861: 3833: 3736: 3620: 3608: 3555: 3259: 3186: 3012: 2934: 2881: 2308: 2239: 2120: 1875: 1726: 1660: 1535: 1311: 1207: 1100: 1029: 332: 221: 27331: 24006: 22621:"Average Life Expectancy in Post-Communist Countries – Progress Varies 25 Years after Communism" 21476:'s Vietnam. Rosefielde's main point is that Communism in general, although he focuses mostly on 19074: 17453: 14845: 12786: 11991: 10009: 7776: 3031:. Marxist–Leninist governments modeled on the Soviet Union took power with Soviet assistance in 26924: 26904: 26754: 26424: 26052: 25921: 25623: 24354: 24249: 23574: 23548: 21300:, which eventually developed after losing its original Marxist–Leninist elements. According to 21182: 17944: 17648: 16596: 16138: 15975: 14173: 14155:[Program of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union] (in Russian). 1961. Archived from 12488: 11357: 11143: 10300: 9706: 9680: 8989: 8876: 8300: 8296: 8245: 7975: 7673: 7574: 7533: 7448: 7210: 7057: 6429: 6419: 6386: 6314: 6269: 6249: 6230: 6170: 6160: 6155: 6135: 5881: 5205: 4611: 4543: 4533: 4521: 3678: 3567: 3472: 2885: 2721: 2700: 2561: 2138: 1656: 26791: 21702:(genocide and politicide), and some events which happened under Communist states, such as the 21651:. Several of them are limited to the geographical locations of "the Big Three", or mainly the 21387: 20919:"End of the USSR: visualising how the former Soviet countries are doing, 20 years on | Russia" 18661: 18446: 17942: 17390:"The Retreat of Social Democracy ... Re-imposition of Work in Britain and the 'Social Europe'" 15932: 15172: 14065: 13997: 12227: 11662: 10065: 8118: 7610:. Libertarian Marxist currents often draw from Marx and Engels' later works, specifically the 7451: 7150: 6729:, enfranchising the entire population and freeing up humans to act without being bound by the 3209:) resigned, declared his office extinct, and handed over its powers, including control of the 1730: 1443:. Public memory of 20th-century Communist states has been described as a battleground between 27875: 27078: 27033: 26844: 26439: 25812: 25558: 25352: 25171: 24659: 24508: 24488: 24124:; Smith, Stephen A., eds. (2017). "World Revolution and Socialism in One Country 1917–1941". 23892: 23582: 23147: 21703: 21034: 21028: 20792: 19859: 18653: 18623: 18619: 18567: 18553: 18549: 17601: 17509: 17013: 16881: 16180: 16025: 16011: 15763: 15266: 14550:"The End of the Soviet Union; Text of Declaration: 'Mutual Recognition' and 'an Equal Basis'" 13825: 13821: 13741: 13710: 13263: 13234: 12191: 12153: 12104: 11896: 11722: 11538: 11319: 11009: 10715: 10521: 10473: 9582: 8701: 8622: 8177: 8032: 7979: 7882: 7824: 7761: 7713: 7635: 7529: 7525: 6985: 6484: 6464: 6439: 6434: 6414: 6376: 6351: 5025: 4870: 4446: 4254: 4169: 4114: 3692: 3488: 3416: 3320: 3293:, there was a split between those hardline Communists, sometimes referred to in the media as 3060: 2938: 2757: 2749: 2733: 2712: 2642: 2629: 2522: 2501: 2299: 2251: 1990: 1886: 1755: 1436: 1327: 1247:, among others. Communism encompasses a variety of schools of thought, which broadly include 1232: 1191: 980: 793: 273: 116: 96: 26894: 22392:"Convergence or Divergence? Life Expectancy Patterns in Post-communist Countries, 1959–2010" 20974:"Europe's communist regimes began to collapse 30 years ago, but still shape political views" 18615: 18477: 15837: 14606: 14156: 10216: 8071:, generally agree with. Christian communism enjoys some support in Russia. Russian musician 2203: 2161: 27587: 27467: 27236: 27043: 26884: 26811: 26503: 26464: 26449: 25983: 25769: 25575: 25548: 25301: 25291: 25228: 25223: 25120: 25100: 24721: 24711: 24693: 24498: 23222: 23084: 22276: 22007: 21823:) has been harsh, and bombs were gradually dropped on increasingly densely populated areas. 21249: 20244: 17565:"Yanis Varoufakis: We leftists are not necessarily pro public sector – Marx was anti state" 15709: 15302: 14997: 14614: 14236: 13851: 13004: 12902: 11285: 9963: 9001: 8888: 8846: 8681: 8564: 8398: 8352: 8236: 8128: 7990:". Anarcho-communism differs from Marxism in that it rejects its view about the need for a 7863: 7809: 7587: 7373: 7286: 7166: 6928: 6830: 6657: 6459: 6361: 6294: 6225: 6220: 6200: 6106: 5938: 5891: 5886: 5871: 5861: 5828: 5803: 5690: 5665: 5565: 5280: 4850: 4665: 4621: 4426: 4391: 4341: 4283: 4124: 3999: 3989: 3942: 3905: 3635: 3616: 3508: 3407: 3308: 3300: 2545: 2485: 2444: 2415: 2295: 2283: 2235: 2002: 1979: 1887: 1834: 1806: 1355: 1323: 1307: 1288: 1148: 1137: 927: 917: 850: 845: 740: 720: 337: 327: 310: 106: 27058: 24336: 21751: 21497: 21399: 19444: 17389: 17249:[The French Communist Party and Eurocommunism: The greatest missed opportunity?]. 17043: 14861: 12048: 8418: 7372: 7173: 4735: 4239: 2800:, were accused, pleaded guilty of conspiracy against the Soviet Union, and were executed. 2623: 8: 27777: 27657: 27627: 27547: 27073: 27013: 26334: 26254: 25881: 25618: 25563: 25406: 25322: 25251: 25238: 25213: 25186: 25176: 25095: 24980: 24855: 24782: 24742: 24681: 24676: 24671: 24652: 24637: 24533: 24478: 24373: 24304: 24203: 23289: 21780: 21711: 21578: 21367: 21258: 21187: 21170: 20949: 20720: 20514: 20185: 19952: 19133: 18647: 18452: 18383: 18309:"VIII. First Persecution. Death of Stephen. Destruction of the First Church of Jerusalem" 17153: 15843: 15404: 15274: 15080: 14886: 14607: 14457: 14344: 14040: 13968: 13926: 13236: 13145: 12748: 11477: 11021: 10723: 10639: 10526: 10478: 10256: 9536: 9472: 8598: 8489: 8462: 8356: 8324: 8040: 8026: 7983: 7967: 7886: 7765: 7757: 7569: 7404: 7381: 7190: 7133: 7117: 6821: 6652: 6642: 6479: 6454: 6391: 6371: 6341: 6324: 6319: 6309: 6284: 6239: 6215: 6190: 6165: 6150: 5997: 5948: 5650: 5470: 4960: 4601: 4581: 4576: 4468: 4458: 4406: 4396: 4314: 4294: 4144: 4064: 3959: 3717: 3563: 3559: 3539: 3382: 3378: 3178: 3133: 2926: 2919: 2753: 2729: 2488: 2271: 2099: 1998: 1994: 1829: 1751: 1591: 1567: 1444: 1393: 1347: 1244: 1236: 1164: 1034: 950: 875: 863: 835: 808: 798: 715: 600: 475: 403: 360: 295: 290: 285: 266: 251: 143: 86: 26821: 20822: 20186: 18605: 17066: 14177: 13789: 13328: 8529: 7901:, whom they tend to see as being internationalist socialists only in limited instances. 6725:, a new democratic society will arise through the organised actions of an international 5405: 4386: 2521: 2267: 1343: 27910: 27855: 27789: 27784: 27767: 27762: 27231: 26739: 26676: 25936: 25568: 25543: 25533: 25528: 25516: 25426: 25384: 25357: 25262: 25198: 25193: 25181: 24950: 24870: 24614: 24431: 24270: 23963: 23864: 23838: 23756: 23699: 23682: 23677: 23353: 23345: 23093: 23075: 22872: 22855: 22847: 22731: 22670: 22662: 22570: 22418: 22391: 22301: 22293: 22200: 22192: 22043: 21792: 21707: 21652: 21435: 21391: 21142: 21134: 21064: 20844: 20825:(2015). "After the Wall Fell: The Poor Balance Sheet of the Transition to Capitalism". 20745: 20662: 20315: 20307: 20104: 20075: 20014: 19806: 19721: 19719: 19717: 19715: 19475: 19467: 19404: 19386: 19230: 19168: 19160: 19079: 19053: 18942: 18417: 18187: 17859: 17621: 17458: 17425: 17178: 17170: 16960: 16698: 16690: 16390: 16287: 16108: 15913: 15664: 15640: 15426: 15244: 15156: 15029: 14834: 14582: 14554: 14123: 14097:"An exploration of China's mortality decline under Mao: A provincial analysis, 1950–80" 14096: 13943: 13670: 13525: 13508: 13422: 13336: 13302: 13211: 13124: 13116: 12647: 12639: 12469: 12428: 12420: 12312: 12304: 12106: 12012: 11830: 11785: 11745: 11442: 11139: 11038: 10984: 10916: 10848: 10740: 10664: 10656: 10567: 10551: 10503: 10368: 10036: 9432: 9132: 8696: 8380: 8316: 8241: 8166: 7890: 7789: 7575: 7425: 7170: 7096: 6752: 6624: 6554: 6544: 6489: 6264: 6259: 6180: 6145: 6140: 6128: 6010: 5992: 5970: 5896: 5833: 5823: 5778: 5773: 5730: 5435: 5160: 5130: 4995: 4965: 4825: 4651: 4631: 4571: 4319: 4222: 4179: 4039: 3761: 3688: 3583: 3547: 3500: 3304: 3110: 2909: 2781: 2605: 2513: 2377: 2367: 2196: 2171: 2153: 1782: 1703: 1371: 1363: 1268: 1226: 1093: 1054: 1012: 985: 886: 820: 815: 803: 570: 490: 226: 45: 27221: 25085: 23807:, eds. (2017). "Endgames? Late Communism in Global Perspective, 1968 to the Present". 20248: 18897: 18851: 17891: 12616: 7165: 7004: 5485: 2696: 705: 27752: 27697: 27537: 27326: 26988: 26914: 26889: 26691: 26493: 25648: 25538: 25511: 25246: 25203: 25025: 24915: 24905: 24835: 24664: 24553: 24548: 24513: 24483: 24282: 24256: 24233: 24207: 24182: 24156: 24133: 24107: 24077: 24051: 24029: 24002: 23992: 23967: 23944: 23922: 23918: 23896: 23868: 23842: 23830: 23816: 23785: 23760: 23717: 23695: 23663: 23635: 23612: 23586: 23560: 23534: 23468: 23464: 23410: 23370: 23357: 23301: 23294: 23275: 23194: 23164: 23133: 23061: 23027: 22987: 22960: 22938: 22923: 22876: 22835: 22808: 22776: 22752: 22691: 22605: 22528: 22518: 22449: 22423: 22376: 22349: 22305: 22204: 22180: 22130: 22102: 22080: 22052: 22015: 21507: 21449: 21174: 21166: 21138: 21072: 21038: 20871: 20848: 20802: 20749: 20737: 20693: 20667: 20584: 20550: 20518: 20471: 20437: 20405: 20373: 20319: 20299: 20260: 20137: 20108: 20018: 19956: 19924: 19752: 19582: 19553: 19543: 19508: 19498: 19479: 19418: 19361: 19307: 19276: 19244: 19172: 19152: 19091: 19041: 19001: 18997: 18956: 18911: 18865: 18820: 18778: 18728: 18665: 18627: 18557: 18456: 18421: 18343: 18289: 18279: 18081: 17980: 17952: 17921: 17871: 17723: 17684: 17644: 17625: 17429: 17417: 17347: 17331: 17182: 17128: 16989: 16919: 16885: 16854: 16823: 16789: 16757: 16723: 16702: 16682: 16639: 16608: 16424: 16394: 16317: 16250: 16158: 16100: 15938: 15917: 15903: 15847: 15769: 15644: 15632: 15493: 15483: 15430: 15416: 15378: 15343: 15333: 15248: 15236: 15197: 15160: 15144: 15009: 14922: 14849: 14655: 14622: 14462: 14370: 14358: 14316: 14272: 14240: 14128: 14075: 14044: 14007: 13972: 13947: 13901: 13751: 13720: 13674: 13643: 13625: 13615: 13579: 13451: 13404: 13340: 13285: 13215: 13203: 13153: 13128: 13108: 13066: 13035: 13008: 12977: 12933: 12906: 12875: 12846: 12836: 12756: 12718: 12651: 12596: 12564: 12535: 12432: 12316: 12263: 12234: 12201: 12163: 12118: 12083: 11971: 11934: 11886: 11789: 11768: 11695: 11666: 11611: 11582: 11542: 11488: 11446: 11412: 11402: 11329: 11174: 11063: 11013: 10934: 10892: 10878: 10691: 10571: 10559: 10543: 10495: 10360: 10304: 10260: 10183: 10040: 9967: 9932: 9887: 9845: 9803: 9710: 9655: 9619: 9570: 9436: 9424: 9398: 9336: 9305: 9136: 9061: 8850: 8821: 8514: 8450: 8173: 7936: 7923: 7737: 7709: 7705: 7697: 7650: 7557: 7513: 7333: 7202: 7198: 7194: 7088: 7045: 7025: 6993: 6969: 6647: 6574: 6299: 6289: 6235: 6116: 6089: 6034: 5963: 5923: 5901: 5630: 5615: 5595: 5185: 5105: 5030: 4840: 4771: 4745: 4697: 4626: 4606: 4478: 4441: 4421: 4411: 4401: 4374: 4336: 4279: 3827: 3779: 3741: 3713: 3640: 3603: 3587: 3551: 3374: 3312: 3290: 3230: 3202: 3152: 3102: 3090: 2897: 2873: 2725: 2689: 2549: 2537: 2456: 2255: 2223: 2016: 2006: 1838: 1802: 1747: 1587: 1543: 1366: 1331: 1303: 1272: 1152: 1141: 870: 825: 645: 535: 525: 455: 278: 163: 158: 121: 91: 61: 26806: 25035: 25010: 24875: 23773: 22956: 22859: 22735: 22674: 22075:. Vol. 3: Endgames? Late Communism in Global Perspective, 1968 to the Present. 19712: 14487: 11954: 11622: 11135: 10959: 10744: 10668: 5425: 5330: 5265: 5215: 5080: 3836: 3619: 2740: 2112: 655: 630: 495: 27757: 27687: 27457: 27376: 27371: 27296: 27271: 27216: 27206: 27196: 27166: 27146: 27136: 27003: 26998: 26956: 26899: 26696: 26379: 26374: 26349: 26294: 26269: 25844: 25834: 25807: 25776: 25670: 25633: 25458: 25446: 25337: 25145: 25045: 24940: 24885: 24840: 24830: 24815: 24701: 24604: 24573: 24170: 23981: 23746: 23691: 23649: 23460: 23388: 23337: 23256: 23125: 22952: 22919: 22839: 22727: 22723: 22654: 22639: 22597: 22562: 22413: 22405: 22372: 22285: 22241: 22227: 22184: 22001: 21735: 21440: 21305: 21304: 21178: 20836: 20729: 20657: 20649: 20510: 20291: 20094: 20084: 20049: 20006: 19638: 19459: 19357: 19144: 19083: 19045: 18774: 18367: 17863: 17744: 17715: 17613: 17539: 17531: 17495: 17335: 17162: 16952: 16674: 16635: 16515: 16382: 16150: 16092: 16052: 15895: 15796: 15624: 15408: 15306: 15228: 15193: 15148: 15093: 15075:(1969). ""Principles of Communism". No. 4 – "How did the proletariat originate?"". 15072: 14877: 14825: 14739: 14362: 14348: 14308: 14118: 14110: 13935: 13921: 13517: 13492: 13488: 13277: 13245: 13195: 13100: 12631: 12584: 12461: 12412: 12296: 12256: 12159: 12004: 11963: 11822: 11777: 11658: 11508: 11468: 11315: 11297: 11167: 11131: 11030: 10976: 10930: 10840: 10830: 10732: 10648: 10634: 10535: 10487: 10412: 9514: 9450: 9416: 9053: 8985: 8942: 8872: 8686: 8667: 8626: 8606: 8578: 8454: 8304: 8291:, capitalism, and anti-communism as a counterpoint to those killings. According to 8276: 8253: 8240:. These scholars state that most Communist states did not engage in mass killings; 8136: 8105: 8064: 8006: 7971: 7963: 7955: 7851: 7817: 7808: 7796: 7785: 7777: 7725: 7701: 7607: 7475: 7467: 7376:, a Trotskyist rival to the Comintern. In August 1940, Trotsky was assassinated in 7353: 7329: 7294: 7290: 7267: 7225: 7221: 7206: 7186: 7178: 7104: 7092: 7080: 7029: 6810: 6788: 6777: 6742: 6584: 6579: 6529: 6356: 6244: 6205: 6195: 6175: 6046: 6022: 5958: 5943: 5735: 5670: 5570: 5505: 5480: 5430: 5395: 5355: 5190: 5150: 5115: 5005: 4985: 4935: 4930: 4910: 4865: 4835: 4781: 4730: 4725: 4692: 4591: 4548: 4493: 4436: 4034: 3916: 3892: 3884: 3867: 3818:, i.e. claims of the economy as a necessary and transhistorical societal category. 3737: 3631: 3591: 3575: 3496: 3456: 3386: 3274: 3194: 3148: 3126: 3094: 2971: 2797: 2789: 2761: 2741: 2737: 2717: 2589: 2577: 2533: 2432: 2219: 2176: 2124: 2083: 2072: 1942: 1923: 1743: 1721: 1440: 1421: 1375: 1229:, communist parties and movements have been described as radical left or far-left. 1168: 1160: 1083: 1072: 965: 765: 665: 560: 505: 460: 450: 435: 317: 216: 183: 24: 27361: 24197: 23382: 23226: 22232: 22213: 21252: 20840: 20054: 20033: 19949: 16041:"Karl Marx's sociological theory of democracy: Civil society and political rights" 14206: 10175: 9563: 8496: 8335: 7721: 5745: 2270:, all of whom can be considered the progenitors of modern communism, according to 1739: 1686: 1346:, all of whom can be considered the progenitors of modern communism, according to 27814: 27487: 27406: 27366: 27336: 27321: 27286: 27281: 27251: 27226: 27211: 27186: 27171: 27106: 27083: 27068: 27053: 27038: 26909: 26864: 26849: 26839: 26661: 26656: 26513: 26508: 26488: 26476: 25941: 25839: 25598: 24970: 24910: 24900: 24895: 24825: 24594: 24568: 24543: 24503: 24493: 24468: 24341: 23856: 23428: 22804: 22601: 22463: 22435: 22126: 22120: 22070: 21925: 21820: 21734:, which popularized the topic, several scholars have questioned, in the words of 21570: 21411: 21339: 21211: 21129: 21098: 21024: 20733: 20576: 20538: 20498: 20457: 20393: 20361: 20127: 19887:"Latvia's 'Soviet Story'. Transitional Justice and the Politics of Commemoration" 19572: 19408: 19297: 19234: 18991: 18946: 18901: 18855: 18810: 18768: 18507: 18371: 17765: 17148: 16979: 16915: 16747: 16386: 16056: 15959: 15412: 14829: 14578:"Gorbachev, Last Soviet Leader, Resigns; U.S. Recognizes Republics' Independence" 14424: 14304: 14298: 14114: 13787: 13199: 13143: 12798: 12746: 12030: 11110: 10882: 10146: 9879: 9877: 9835: 9793: 9700: 9566: 9420: 9326: 9231: 9078: 8638: 8610: 8585: 8458: 8411: 8390: 8364: 8348: 7995: 7991: 7932: 7813: 7781: 7773: 7717: 7677: 7492: 7400: 7337: 7322: 7182: 7084: 7069: 6989: 6904: 6685: 6509: 6469: 6254: 5975: 5866: 5818: 5813: 5725: 5660: 5640: 5580: 5475: 5450: 5415: 5410: 5400: 5370: 5325: 5315: 5180: 5120: 5075: 5040: 5020: 4980: 4955: 4801: 4720: 4416: 4346: 4079: 3875: 3871: 3798: 3783: 3749: 3652: 3543: 3480: 3447: 3391: 3336: 3052: 2959: 2813: 2748: 2713: 2676: 2651: 2581: 2573: 2565: 2448: 2345: 2287: 2231: 2091: 1966: 1899: 1879: 1475: 1432: 1351: 1264: 1218: 1214: 1184: 590: 530: 520: 515: 445: 206: 178: 153: 111: 101: 76: 24369: 23509: 22891: 21460:; nonetheless, Rosefielde's work mainly focused on "the Big Three" (Stalin era, 20461: 17892:"The Legacy of De Leonism, part III: De Leon's misconceptions on class struggle" 17535: 16905: 16096: 15899: 15476: 15152: 13477: 11967: 11958:. Recent Economic Thought Series. Vol. 37 (hardcover ed.). Dordrecht: 10736: 9795: 8303:, equating mass deaths under Communist states with the Holocaust, is popular in 7436: 5385: 3566:. In periods of deep crisis, the resistance of the oppressed can culminate in a 1298: 1279:, who make up the majority of the population within society and must sell their 27804: 27712: 27702: 27431: 27306: 27291: 27266: 27261: 27256: 27201: 27176: 27131: 27111: 26973: 26944: 26919: 26874: 26854: 26816: 26771: 26651: 26641: 26498: 26329: 26142: 25727: 25707: 25702: 25690: 25286: 25140: 25080: 25050: 24935: 24930: 24850: 24845: 24820: 24473: 24278: 24121: 24091: 24065: 24017: 24013: 23910: 23800: 23446: 23341: 23212: 23113: 23044: 23004: 22843: 22658: 22259: 22038: 22012: 21784: 21771: 21715: 21606: 21422: 21403: 21371: 21130: 20769: 20425: 20089: 20070: 19912: 19446: 19049: 18724: 18685: 18255: 18245: 18101: 18078: 17828: 17799: 16941:"Trotsky and His Interpreters; or, Will the Real Leon Trotsky Please Stand up?" 16809: 16777: 16176: 16040: 15516: 14949: 14340: 14209: 13887: 13324: 12677: 12618: 12519: 11566: 11535: 11530: 11434: 11353: 11162: 10955: 10835: 10711: 10344: 10061: 9799: 9236: 8642: 8602: 8594: 8502: 8497: 8406: 8386: 8360: 8332: 8328: 8312: 8158: 8115: 8076: 7951: 7906: 7836: 7746: 7689: 7627: 7583: 7021: 7014: 6956:. It describes the specific political ideology which Stalin implemented in the 6937: 6891: 6879: 6871: 6722: 6614: 6504: 6274: 5980: 5808: 5710: 5645: 5635: 5625: 5620: 5540: 5520: 5510: 5500: 5490: 5460: 5440: 5380: 5375: 5360: 5345: 5335: 5255: 5225: 5220: 5210: 5135: 5110: 5100: 5095: 5070: 5060: 5035: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4915: 4596: 4528: 4483: 4259: 4099: 3840: 3787: 3674: 3504: 3420: 2981:, and mass executions. Mao has also been praised for transforming China from a 2942: 2857: 2846: 2601: 2553: 2394: 2381: 2337: 2200: 2094: 2076: 2024: 1794: 1716: 1516: 1456: 1448: 1382: 1256: 1180: 1133: 912: 760: 700: 670: 555: 550: 470: 465: 440: 81: 22409: 20917: 20295: 19463: 17867: 17166: 16678: 16154: 14527: 14312: 13939: 13249: 11416: 10652: 10539: 7076:, which was largely controlled and funded by the Soviet leadership from 1928. 6886:(education and organisation) and revolutionary leadership necessary to depose 5235: 3550:. This class struggle that is commonly expressed as the revolt of a society's 2904: 1620: 27849: 27737: 27567: 27477: 27426: 27396: 27386: 27316: 27311: 27301: 27161: 27151: 27141: 27116: 26983: 26961: 26879: 26786: 26759: 26744: 26686: 26369: 25911: 25871: 25759: 25663: 25585: 25421: 25135: 25115: 25105: 25030: 24985: 24965: 24955: 24880: 24860: 24319: 24043: 23996: 23553: 22582: 22540: 22532: 22515: 22445: 22369: 22274:(2000). "Endgame Identity? Mapping the New Left Roots of Identity Politics". 22188: 22116: 22048: 21816: 21788: 21739: 21690: 21602: 21355: 21343: 20794: 20741: 20339: 20303: 20010: 19944: 19756: 19678: 19642: 19156: 19148: 18764: 18760: 18716: 18293: 17617: 17369:"Trotsky, the Left Opposition and the Rise of Stalinism: Theory and Practice" 17327: 17124: 16985: 16753: 16686: 16162: 16104: 15883: 15636: 15497: 15382: 15240: 14684: 14466: 14260: 13897: 13706: 13651: 13550: 13546: 13281: 13207: 13112: 13091: 12850: 12523: 11922: 11809: 11562: 11516: 11225: 10951: 10604: 10547: 10499: 10364: 9428: 8786: 8646: 8590: 8570: 8522: 8485: 8443: 8368: 8343: 8308: 8261: 8257: 8044: 8014: 8010: 7646: 7623: 7504: 7441: 7368: 7229: 7155: 6945: 6831: 6730: 6726: 6514: 6381: 6334: 6210: 5675: 5545: 5535: 5445: 5320: 5200: 5175: 5170: 5140: 5065: 4970: 4920: 4845: 4830: 4776: 4750: 4508: 4289: 3845: 3811: 3757: 3721: 3700: 3464: 3354: 3295: 3214: 3122: 2967: 2905: 2838: 2777: 2769: 2701: 2697: 2685: 2620: 2012: 1907: 1582: 1563: 1542: 1390: 1195: 1156: 1049: 755: 735: 725: 650: 605: 585: 575: 500: 480: 24149: 22643: 22019: 19557: 19512: 19497:. Ellen Frankel Paul. : Social Philosophy & Policy Center. p. 116. 19087: 17339: 15547: 15347: 15310: 15002: 13629: 11198: 8557: 6111: 2451:. The initial stage of the October Revolution which involved the assault on 2439: 2290:, whose followers organized other settlements in the United States, such as 1841: 1439:, several scholars posit that in practice the model functioned as a form of 27717: 27401: 27391: 27381: 27246: 27241: 27181: 27156: 27126: 27121: 27028: 27023: 26869: 26749: 26483: 26419: 26289: 26279: 26274: 26193: 26183: 26127: 26017: 25658: 25643: 25638: 25332: 25125: 25075: 25070: 25060: 25040: 24995: 24990: 24975: 24865: 24800: 24599: 24558: 23936: 23882: 22964: 22818: 22427: 22390: 22359: 22271: 22144: 21610: 21431: 21426: 21314: 21262: 21253: 21058: 20671: 20163: 19982: 19797: 19629: 19599: 19324: 19018: 18973: 18928: 18882: 18837: 18795: 18431: 18387: 18353: 18316: 18231: 18000: 17962: 17909: 17485: 17120: 17071: 17009: 16743: 15869: 15512: 14717: 14132: 14017: 13982: 13170: 12773: 12668: 12399: 12211: 12135: 11908: 11737: 11339: 11301: 11034: 10902: 10563: 10491: 9904: 9862: 9820: 9727: 9353: 8634: 8618: 8545: 8539: 8470: 8185: 8124: 8060: 7854:. Left communists assert positions which they regard as more authentically 7669: 7666: 7545: 7488: 7471: 7345: 7302: 7278: 7263: 7053: 5918: 5740: 5715: 5680: 5610: 5605: 5590: 5575: 5525: 5515: 5365: 5350: 5340: 5290: 5260: 5245: 5230: 5195: 5015: 4975: 4925: 4875: 4796: 4740: 3888: 3806: 3732: 3704: 3535: 3512: 3476: 3226: 3182: 3156: 3101:, which would follow its own ideological path of development following the 3073: 3040: 3008: 2998: 2918: 2804: 2793: 2680: 2597: 2359: 2341: 2243: 2188: 2028: 1903: 1895: 1883: 1711: 1636: 1367: 1359: 1315: 1280: 1172: 960: 745: 695: 690: 680: 660: 615: 610: 595: 485: 420: 211: 168: 23778: 23261: 23242: 23129: 22826: 22706: 22289: 21226: 21141: 20653: 18315:. Vol. II. The Apostles. New York: Carleton. p. 122 – via 17720: 16195: 14775:"Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe: From Marxism to the Mainstream?" 14366: 12673:"Late Marx and the Russian Road: Marx and the 'Peripheries of Capitalism'" 11781: 11450: 9369:"Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe: From Marxism to the Mainstream?" 9264:"Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe: From Marxism to the Mainstream?" 9158:"Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe: From Marxism to the Mainstream?" 9057: 8854: 7083: 7044: 6933: 2331: 2206: 27416: 27411: 27346: 27341: 27191: 27063: 27018: 27008: 26801: 26796: 26734: 26671: 26454: 26429: 26354: 26314: 26284: 26259: 26239: 26218: 26198: 26178: 26168: 26137: 26002: 25866: 25829: 25824: 25754: 25675: 25653: 25603: 25580: 25416: 25150: 25130: 25005: 25000: 24960: 24945: 24890: 24795: 24178: 23804: 23751: 23732: 23608: 23315: 23160: 22497: 22467: 21747: 21672: 21656: 21598: 21533: 21473: 21469: 21322: 20854: 19920: 16479: 16450: 13062: 12714: 12149: 10417:"Socialism Means Abolishing the Distinction Between Bosses and Employees" 9928: 8956: 8394: 8288: 8157: 8072: 7943: 7898: 7859: 7843: 7728:, the latter of whom claims that Marx himself was a libertarian Marxist. 7696:. Moreover, libertarian Marxism has often had a strong influence on both 7641: 7377: 7125: 7113: 7041: 6976:), and was developed after the death of Lenin; its three principles were 6494: 6185: 5755: 5700: 5655: 5550: 5495: 5420: 5250: 5240: 5145: 5125: 5085: 5010: 5000: 4990: 4791: 4488: 4361: 4044: 3979: 3709: 3705: 3684: 3531: 3527: 3468: 3411: 3403: 3218: 3174: 3086: 2982: 2861: 2826: 2822: 2785: 2765: 2646:; others state that Maoist China was always state capitalist, and uphold 2628: 2613: 2518: 2492: 2478: 2428: 2424: 2303: 2279: 2227: 2162: 2148: 2095: 2064: 2040: 2020: 1919: 1767: 1763: 1691: 1425: 1413: 1284: 1276: 1210: 1044: 770: 750: 625: 620: 580: 565: 510: 415: 24529:"From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs" 23097: 22341: 22297: 21532: 20635: 20311: 19471: 19390: 19164: 19057: 16749: 16694: 16660: 16484:"The Theory of 'Three Worlds': A Counterrevolutionary Chauvinist Theory" 16291: 11749: 10660: 10372: 10348: 9685:. Vol. Eight. Mittal Publications. p. 4979. GGKEY:96Y16ZBCJ04. 9648: 9200: 7756:. It continues today as a theoretical and activist position within both 6680: 27799: 27607: 27507: 27356: 27276: 27048: 26939: 26781: 26724: 26701: 26666: 26615: 26605: 26573: 26518: 26344: 26324: 26249: 26213: 26117: 26102: 26027: 25952: 25926: 25886: 25856: 25742: 25722: 25613: 25469: 25020: 25015: 24925: 24920: 24376: 24333: 23703: 23349: 22211: 22196: 21800: 21664: 21660: 21521: 21375: 21215: 20099: 19780: 19725: 18987: 18156: 17449: 17422: 16444: 16333: 16233: 15745: 15743: 15098:"Was not the abolition of private property possible at an earlier time? 14747: 14336: 13807: 13120: 12643: 12473: 12424: 12016: 11834: 11644: 11091: 10988: 10852: 10682: 9124: 9120: 9006: 8893: 8586: 8574: 8434: 8292: 8265: 8220: 8198: 8036: 7959: 7881: 7847: 7654: 7642: 7626: 7612: 7599: 7437: 7385: 7245: 7233: 7109: 7049: 6973: 6908: 6887: 6806: 6569: 6499: 6366: 5750: 5560: 5390: 5300: 5295: 5285: 5165: 5090: 5050: 5045: 4885: 4685: 4660: 4356: 3974: 3891: 3841: 3648: 3519: 3332: 3028: 2963: 2950: 2893: 2889: 2877: 2834: 2745: 2654: 2633: 2600: 2411: 2385: 2291: 2116: 2103: 1790: 1664: 1625: 1431: 1386: 640: 635: 545: 540: 24353: 22851: 22666: 22574: 22214:"Anti-Communism and the Hundreds of Millions of Victims of Capitalism" 17856: 17174: 16964: 16940: 16296: 16112: 16080: 13529: 12332:"Communism, virtue and the ideal commonwealth in Thomas More's Utopia" 12308: 11042: 10555: 10507: 10033: 27497: 27436: 26993: 26636: 26563: 26548: 26469: 26389: 26384: 26309: 26244: 26223: 26208: 26188: 26173: 26037: 25997: 25916: 25861: 25851: 25786: 25781: 25737: 25608: 25396: 25110: 25055: 24810: 24619: 24252: 24070: 23653: 23600: 23530: 23333: 23190: 22558: 21574: 21562: 21549: 21537: 21477: 21395: 21191: 21151: 20892:"Confidence in Democracy and Capitalism Wanes in Former Soviet Union" 18657: 18611: 18413: 16850: 16819: 16313: 16126: 15329: 15005: 14918: 14873: 14522: 14003: 13893: 13149: 12929: 12871: 12752: 12592: 11878: 11170: 10888: 9518: 9454: 9412: 9335:] (in French) (paperback ed.). Paris: Larousse. p. 20. 9301: 9010: 8897: 8582: 8284: 8097: 7947: 7902: 7897:, and from various other revolutionary socialist tendencies, such as 7805: 7685: 7631: 7603: 7591: 7544:, Communists of this nature sought to undermine the influence of the 7460: 7282: 7271: 7145: 7099: 6961: 6916: 6738: 6594: 6549: 6409: 6096: 5985: 5928: 5856: 5685: 5310: 4905: 4860: 4670: 3728: 3644: 3492: 3484: 3452: 3064: 2954: 2541: 2452: 2406: 2179: 2108: 2032: 1867: 1801: 1798: 1762:, Marxists denounced 1848 as a betrayal of working-class ideals by a 1612: 1024: 730: 675: 430: 231: 21421:, which have been described by some critical observers as a crudely 16125: 15740: 13327:(2007). "The Rise and Fall of Socialist Planning". In Estrin, Saul; 13104: 12635: 12465: 12416: 12008: 11826: 11321: 10980: 10844: 9609: 9607: 7509: 7213: 3247: 2302: 27772: 27351: 27088: 26681: 26646: 26620: 26600: 26553: 26364: 26319: 26203: 26107: 26097: 26062: 26032: 25906: 25896: 25891: 25747: 25717: 25712: 25697: 25553: 25523: 25367: 25362: 25256: 24647: 23766: 23456: 23023: 22983: 22566: 21796: 21757: 21677: 21594: 21586: 21582: 21407: 21245: 20945:"European Public Opinion Three Decades After the Fall of Communism" 19410: 19236: 18721: 18272: 17394: 16956: 16235: 15891: 15628: 15552: 15232: 13999: 13521: 12300: 12230: 12110: 10637:(May 2009). "Ethnic Issues in the Famine of 1932–1933 in Ukraine". 10421: 9049: 8280: 8210: 8181: 7800: 7693: 7662: 7553: 7479: 7456: 7393: 7389: 7349: 6953: 6844: 6589: 6559: 6524: 6346: 5911: 5906: 5705: 4786: 3793: 3627: 3520: 3491:. It originates from the works of 19th-century German philosophers 3370: 3114: 2994: 2946: 2817: 2705: 2609: 2526: 2472: 2363: 2166: 2087: 1830: 1793: 1687: 1595: 1517: 1378:, within the international socialist movement by the early 1920s. 1252: 1144: 995: 990: 880: 261: 23452: 23019: 22979: 21939: 20763: 20503: 20114: 10456: 10454: 10452: 10450: 10448: 10446: 10444: 10324: 10322: 10320: 8548:, and disapproval being the highest among residents of Russia and 8449: 7060: 3712:. These classes are directly antagonistic as the latter possesses 3596: 3003: 2572:, boasted of having called the Bolsheviks, and by extension those 2480: 2476: 2258:, communism emerged as a political doctrine under the auspices of 2214: 1640:, which had previously been used as synonyms. Meanwhile, the term 1334:, communism emerged as a political doctrine under the auspices of 27809: 27722: 26610: 26578: 26568: 26339: 26299: 26132: 26057: 26042: 26022: 25931: 25791: 25732: 25680: 24642: 24413: 23243:"Post-Communist Health Transitions in Central and Eastern Europe" 23153: 22769: 22148: 21808: 21743: 21668: 21614: 21461: 21384: 21379: 20714: 18332:"Conclusion: What If? Calvin and the Spirit of Revolution. Bible" 15513:"John Ruskin: En brittisk 1800-talsaristokrat för vår tid? - OBS" 12973: 10764: 10762: 10760: 10758: 10756: 10754: 10675: 10004: 9604: 8555: 8549: 8493: 8269: 7988: 7986: 7855: 7742: 7579: 7452: 7285:, is a Marxist and Leninist tendency that supports the theory of 7033: 6949: 6867: 4680: 3924: 3432: 3366: 3328: 3316: 3222: 3068: 2637: 2512:, a committee dominated by Lenin, who had previously supported a 2436: 2211: 2207: 2134: 2048: 1738:. This latter branch of socialism produced the communist work of 1731: 1699: 1530: 1417: 1248: 256: 24303: 24020:, eds. (2017). "The Socialist Camp and World Power 1941–1960s". 23112: 21783:(where unparalleled atrocities were executed on both sides) and 20239: 20237: 19802:"How British colonialism killed 100 million Indians in 40 years" 18155: 17760: 17758: 17494:(Lecture), Poetry Center of the New York YM-YWHA, archived from 15957:[The Class Struggles In France Introduction by Frederick Engels 14095: 8311:, and their approaches of history have been incorporated in the 3081: 2780:, many old Bolsheviks who had played prominent roles during the 26558: 26359: 26147: 26122: 26112: 26082: 26067: 25685: 24790: 24418: 23449:(2001). "Maoism". In Baltes, Paul B.; Smelser, Neil J. (eds.). 23014:"Marxism–Leninism: The Ideology of Twentieth-Century Communism" 22974:"Marxism–Leninism: The Ideology of Twentieth-Century Communism" 22939:"Political conditions and life expectancy in Europe, 1900–2008" 21641: 21628: 21481: 20636:"Changing life expectancy in Romania after the transition]" 20253: 18857: 16518:. "A Critique of the Draft Social-Democratic Program of 1891". 15755: 15436: 14231: 11807: 10441: 10388: 10386: 10384: 10382: 10317: 10103:"The Constitution of North Korea: Its Changes and Implications" 8633:, starvation, and violence. Ghodsee, along with the historians 8402: 8321: 7595: 7532: 7416: 6609: 4675: 3848:, communism is not an inevitability but an economic necessity. 3562: 3499:. As Marxism has developed over time into various branches and 3269: 3210: 3141: 2978: 2930: 2184: 2180: 2068: 2056: 2052: 2036: 2031: 1915: 1911: 1817: 1374:, communism became the dominant political tendency, along with 1299: 410: 25453: 24382:"The True Levellers Standard Advanced, the Diggers' Manifesto" 19743:"100 Years of Communism – and 100 Million Dead" 18948: 18690:"How 'Jakarta' Became the Codeword for US-Backed Mass Killing" 17749: 17206: 17204: 17031: 14208:] (in Albanian). 8 Nëntori. 4 January 1977. Archived from 11513: 10813: 10811: 10751: 10217:"The single most important fact for understanding North Korea" 7072:. The social fascism theory was advocated vociferously by the 6041: 4210: 3390: 3381:, which remain partly influenced by Marxist theories, such as 3193:. The declaration acknowledged the independence of the former 3007: 2102:. As summarized by historians Janzen Rod and Max Stanton, the 1078: 26588: 26077: 26012: 24329: 21590: 21351: 21280: 20234: 18236:"IV.II. The Christian Idea of the Messiah. Jesus as a Rebel." 18005:"Anarchism and Communism. Northeastern Anarchist No. 4. 1922" 17755: 17326: 17061: 16081:"Karl Marx on Democracy, Participation, Voting, and Equality" 15839: 15301:. Vol. 1. transcribed by Conttren, V. (2022). New York: 14744:"Fighting Poverty: Findings and Lessons from China's Success" 11575: 10919:(2007). "Russian Terror/ism and Revisionist Historiography". 8630: 8389: 8048: 7928: 7236:, which describes itself as a Marxist and Leninist tendency. 6968:. Marxism–Leninism was the official ideology of 20th-century 3815: 3788: 3137: 2830: 2809: 2044: 1485: 1401: 1176: 1124: 24423: 22743: 21633: 20916: 19273: 18770: 18538:. In Blumenthal, David A.; McCormack, Timothy L. H. (eds.). 17551: 16567: 16565: 15548:"Marx? Which Marx? Marx's work and its history of reception" 10587: 10585: 10583: 10581: 10379: 9702: 9491: 3668: 2380: 1659:, whereas the former aimed to socialize both production and 26583: 26007: 22641: 20187:"Anti-Communism: It's High Time to Diagnose and Counteract" 18741: 18042: 18040: 17680:"Anarchism and Council Communism on the Russian Revolution" 17201: 16310: 14820: 14818: 12283: 10808: 8367:. Critics of communism on the political right point to the 8196:; other terms used to define some of such killings include 4175: 3511: 2842: 2493: 1409: 1405: 22587:"The Comparative Analysis of Mass Atrocities and Genocide" 21194:. By the 20th century, communism has been associated with 19269:'Roter Holocaust'? Kritik des Schwarzbuchs des Kommunismus 19128: 19126: 18336: 17247:"Le PCF et l'eurocommunisme: l'ultime rendez-vous manqué?" 14805: 14803: 14801: 14799: 13608: 12956: 10839:. 110 (Special Edition: Frontiers of Knowledge): 166–169. 9179: 3471: 3373: 3237:, and declared that the Soviet Union had ceased to exist. 3225: 3023: 2860: 2688: 2414:(minority) opposed Lenin's Bolsheviks (majority) plan for 1926:, the idea to group together different countries, such as 26152: 26047: 24346:"Marx on the Russian Mir, and misconceptions by Marxists" 23367: 20972: 20218:– via Central and Eastern European Online Library. 19519: 18990:(1993). "Soviet and Communist Genocides and 'Democide'". 18607: 16577: 16562: 16243: 16069: 14609: 14453:"One of the few places where a communist can still dream" 13764: 13687: 10578: 9594: 9592: 9590: 9467:. Marx/Engels Selected Works. Vol. 1. Translated by 8947:"Section 18: What will be the course of this revolution?" 8780: 8778: 8776: 8774: 8772: 8770: 8481: 8347: 7704:. Notable theorists of libertarian Marxism have included 3507: 2772:'s attempt to destroy any possible opposition within the 2157: 23730: 23714: 22766: 21805: 21803:, was stopped by Communist Vietnam, and there have been 21544:, one of the successors to the Narodniks, alongside the 20942: 20335:"In Modern Dictatorships, Communism's Legacy Lingers On" 19610: 18895: 18037: 16014: 15294: 14815: 12589: 12035:"Mazdakism (The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Period)" 11380: 11378: 10140:"Bug gaejeong heonbeob 'seongunsasang' cheos myeong-gi" 9618:(7th ed.). South-Western College Pub. p. 118. 8768: 8766: 8764: 8762: 8760: 8758: 8756: 8754: 8752: 8750: 8163: 8100:'s writings have inspired many movements, including the 8013:, believing that anarchist communism does not require a 7634:, libertarian Marxism is one of the main derivatives of 3995: 3570: 3151: 2584:. Before the Soviet path of development became known as 1898: 1857: 1720:, hence English atheists denoted themselves socialists. 1461: 23525: 23320: 22316:"USSR strayed from communism, say Economics professors" 21637: 21480:, is less genocidal and that is a key distinction from 19574: 19299: 19123: 18812: 18587: 18585: 18184:"MY PERSPECTIVES – Willful Disobedience Vol. 2, No. 12" 17692:(2). Lawrence & Wishart Ltd.: 22–47. Archived from 17454:"The Principle of Self-Emancipation in Marx and Engels" 16540: 14796: 14150:"Programma kommunisticheskoy partii sovetskogo Soyuza" 12493:. Mittal Publications. p. 4979. GGKEY:96Y16ZBCJ04. 12490: 11226:"-ism Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary" 10950: 9837: 8820:. Vol. 4. Chicago: World Book. 2008. p. 890. 8142: 7622:, emphasizing the Marxist belief in the ability of the 7024: 3866: 3851: 3590:, i.e. a classless, stateless, humane society based on 3085: 3051:. A Marxist–Leninist government was also created under 2708:. The Soviet Union was established in 1922. Before the 2294: 23733:"The Long-Term Effects of Communism in Eastern Europe" 19275:] (in German). Hamburg: Konkret Verlag Literatur. 19267: 18376:"III. The Church in Jerusalem. I. Christian Communism" 17344: 17322: 17320: 16257:[Socialism Today: Experience and New Theory]. 15806: 14088: 13743: 12380: 10859: 9641: 9639: 9587: 9443: 8984: 8871: 8127: 6944: 6866: 3683: 2784: 1550: 1512: 1396:, and suppression of opposition and dissent. With the 23915: 23731: 23187: 22892:"Trends in European Life Expectancy: a Salutary View" 22389: 22212: 21321:, as well as a focus on autobiographical features of 21308: 20868: 20610: 19266: 19113: 19111: 18162: 17639: 17637: 17635: 17346:. St. Petersburg, Florida: Red and Black Publishers. 16413: 16253:(1996). "Sotsializm segodnya: opyt i novaya teoriya" 15170:– via Bibliothek der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. 14230: 13964: 13541: 13539: 13333: 11769: 11375: 8747: 7316:, Trotsky claimed that the Soviet Union had become a 3586:. As the productive forces continued to advance, the 3542: 2953:. China's youth responded to Mao's appeal by forming 2226:(especially the Diggers) espoused clear communistic, 1789: 23861: 23835: 23185: 22800: 22594: 22472:"The merits of taking an anti-anti-communism stance" 21985: 19905: 19069: 19067: 18582: 17189: 13000: 12959:. Novosti Press Agency Publishing House. p. 48. 12898: 11634: 11632: 11630: 8657: 7885:, whom they largely view as merely the left-wing of 7325:, the platform of which became known as Trotskyism. 6911: 3744:. In between capitalism and communism, there is the 1894: 22747:(2nd ed.). Lanham; Boulder; New York; London: 22462: 21296:has been described by Michael Seth as a version of 20762: 19978:"The Communist Legacy: Pros and Cons in Retrospect" 19784: 18759: 18536:"Justice Betrayed: Post-1945 Responses to Genocide" 17591:, pp. 313–314, Pannekoek, Antonie (1873–1960). 17317: 16846: 16550: 16417: 16349: 16272:Platkin, Richard (1981). "Comment on Wallerstein". 15761: 15362: 15360: 13371:"The Restoration of Capitalism in the Soviet Union" 10460: 9980: 9636: 8180:about whether some or all the events constituted a 8110: 7950:and communism which advocates the abolition of the 7301:. It supported another communist revolution in the 2592:, communists made no major distinction between the 1435:led to communism's widespread association with the 1306:. Criticism of the idea of private property in the 23392: 22765: 20694:"The Effects of Communism on Romania's Population" 20129:The Oxford Handbook of European History, 1914–1945 19211: 19205: 19108: 18406:"3. Early Problems. 15. Early Christian Communism" 17632: 16531: 14833: 14152:Программа коммунистической партии советского Союза 13832: 13536: 12508:. 2006 – via Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 12362:"The Communisitic Inclinations of Sir Thomas More" 12155:Red Theology: On the Christian Communist Tradition 11476: 10768: 8379:According to Hungarian sociologist and politician 8051:suggests that the first Christians, including the 7582:. Early currents of libertarian Marxism, known as 3895:, a view that is also shared by several scholars. 3162: 3017:states with constitutional references to socialism 2616:would not operate and apply to Marxist socialism. 2315: 1235:have been developed throughout history, including 24146: 22742: 20971: 19864:Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies 19832:Liedy, Amy Shannon; Ruble, Blair (7 March 2011). 19064: 17751:. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 104–126. 17588: 17049: 16209: 15660:"Overreliance on the Pseudo-Science of Economics" 14971:"Classical Marxism and the question of reformism" 14035:Pantsov, Alexander V.; Levine, Steven I. (2013). 12096: 11761: 11759: 11627: 11565:(2000). "1848 in European Collective Memory". In 10059: 9959:International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences 9956:Darity, William A. Jr., ed. (2008). "Communism". 9219:... communism is a more radical leftist ideology. 7905:is a Leninist left-communist current named after 2945:. The two most prominent militants were Marshall 2137:communist ethos that aims for unity reflects the 1866:is widely used as a pejorative term as part of a 1556:("communist author"). In 1793, Restif first used 1539:, which proposed a particular type of communism. 27847: 24147:Pop-Eleches, Grigore; Tucker, Joshua A. (2017). 23090:Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars 21680:but has been described by scholars as a failure. 21645:Resisting Genocide: The Multiple Forms of Rescue 20497: 20493: 20491: 20243: 20210:). Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań: 178–184 19919:(paper back ed.). New York City, New York: 18903:Resisting Genocide: The Multiple Forms of Rescue 18366: 18094: 15357: 14094: 12142: 11647:; Smith, Tony; Rotta, Tomás; Prew, Paul (eds.). 11157: 11155: 11153: 9129:Libertarian Socialism: Politics in Black and Red 7563: 7380:on Stalin's orders. Trotskyist currents include 6897:Leninist revolutionary leadership is based upon 3767: 3134:communists have been frequently voted into power 2470:to draft a constitution, leaving the soviets in 1594:. This is an example of a hammer and sickle and 23798: 22976:. In Baltes, Paul B.; Smelser, Neil J. (eds.). 22775:. Stockholm, Sweden: Forum for Living History. 21993:Bibliography of the Post Stalinist Soviet Union 21755:intellectuals. A similar criticism was made by 21528:policy after their failure, Marx's view on the 21094:"One Recipe for a More Equal World: Mass Death" 20765:"25 Years of Reforms in Ex-Communist Countries" 20713: 20633: 19736: 19734: 19439: 19437: 17804:"The Communist Left in the Third International" 16226: 14420:"E. H. Carr – A Personal Memoir" 14354:International Encyclopedia of Political Science 14063: 13794:Harvard Institute for International Development 13472: 13470: 13444:The Oxford Handbook of the History of Communism 13319: 13317: 13315: 12926:Adams, Katherine H.; Keene, Michael L. (2014). 11744:(69). Center for the National Interest: 63–78. 11105: 11103: 11101: 11002: 10871: 10466: 9743:The Oxford Handbook of the History of Communism 8153:Crimes against humanity under communist regimes 2510:Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union 2063:for challenging the enormous privileges of the 1502:an act, practice, or process of doing something 1358:and its variants came into power, first in the 24406:'s Faculty of Business and Social Sciences at 24344:. Retrieved 18 August 2021. One example being 23909: 23088:. Vol. 25, no. 2. Washington, D.C.: 22625:Peterson Institute for International Economics 21989:Bibliography of Stalinism and the Soviet Union 21317:and the memory of the traumatic experience of 20896:Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project 20791:Appel, Hilary; Orenstein, Mitchell A. (2018). 20790: 20119: 19795: 17743:Shipway, Mark (1987). "Council Communism". In 17600: 17067:"A Letter to Trotskyists Throughout the World" 16406: 16404: 14292: 14290: 14288: 14253: 13712:The Changing Face of China: From Mao to Market 13398: 13396: 13394: 13364: 13362: 13360: 13084: 13082: 12073: 12071: 12069: 11801: 11799: 11756: 11192: 11190: 9616:Comparing Economic Systems in the Twenty-First 8785:Ball, Terence; Dagger, Richard, eds. (2019) . 6948:. According to its proponents, it is based on 3181:, which led to the fall of most of the former 2632:state that it was established only during the 1616:. The modern definition and usage of the term 1217:-driven approach through the development of a 25968: 25485: 24439: 23960:Communists on Education and Culture 1848–1948 23399:Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society 23184: 21799:and by others, such as Manus Midlarsky, as a 21210:is capitalized by scholars when referring to 20488: 19132: 17300:"Libertarian Marxism's Relation to Anarchism" 17002: 16631:Trotsky and the Problem of Soviet Bureaucracy 16366: 16364: 15693:"Introduction: Critique of Political Economy" 15190:Trotsky and the Problem of Soviet Bureaucracy 14142: 14034: 13813:Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China 13256: 12554: 12224: 12189: 11855: 11740:(Fall 2002). "Judging Nazism and Communism". 11479:Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society 11391:Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society 11150: 10779: 10777: 10716:"Soviet Repression Statistics: Some Comments" 9765:Center for the Study of the Pacific Northwest 9694: 9692: 9613: 9115: 9113: 8925: 8923: 8283:was dictated in otherwise forgotten works of 8112:necessary to guide their planned production. 7630:to mediate or aid its liberation. Along with 7201:(research and development), and nationalized 6703: 6066: 3955:The Condition of the Working Class in England 3353:were started in 1978 under the leadership of 2640:, and then became capitalist states ruled by 2238:of the 18th century through such thinkers as 1766:indifferent to the legitimate demands of the 1678:In 19th century Europe, the use of the terms 1310:of the 18th century through such thinkers as 1101: 26474: 23780:. Translated by Kan, D. (English ed.). 23524: 23225:Political Science Department, archived from 22366: 21236:also adopted such distinction, stating that 20641:Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 19731: 19688: 19686: 19577:(illustrated, reprint ed.). Cambridge: 19434: 18527: 18483:[Egor Letov: Russian Breakthrough]. 16601:A Documentary History of Communism in Russia 16203:The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought 15995: 15930: 15366: 14944: 14942: 14824: 14713:"The (Re)Birth of the Nepal Communist Party" 14064:Galtung, Marte Kjær; Stenslie, Stig (2014). 13601: 13599: 13467: 13312: 12707:A People's History of the Russian Revolution 12518: 12158:. Studies in Critical Research on Religion. 11098: 10922:Australian Journal of Politics & History 10681: 10294: 9614:Gregory, Paul R.; Stuart, Robert C. (2003). 9185: 8521:rapid" than those of Central Europe and the 7352:autonomy for artistic movements, voluntary 3950:Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 3089:, a Stalinist, and the Soviet government of 2692:as a result of the many challenges. Despite 2399: 1671:", in contrast to a socialist principle of " 1655:was that the latter aimed to only socialize 1557: 1551: 1479: 1466: 26410: 24090: 24012: 23676: 23274:. Vol. 4. Scott Fetzer Company. 2008. 23146: 22313: 21795:, which is described by many scholars as a 21278:While it refers to its leading ideology as 19622: 19073: 18118: 16401: 16222:. Vol. 7 (15th ed.). p. 265. 16026:"The Death of the State in Marx and Engels" 15983:"Karl Marx:Critique of the Gotha Programme" 15835: 15367:Louis, Althusser; Balibar, Etienne (1979). 15299:Social Structure and Forms of Consciousness 14418:Deutscher, Tamara (January–February 1983). 14285: 13960: 13575:The Red Book on the Moscow Trial: Documents 13391: 13357: 13079: 12497: 12353: 12066: 11796: 11439:French and German socialism in modern times 11187: 10400: 10349:"The Legacy of Communism in Eastern Europe" 8843:French and German socialism in modern times 7912: 7430:Long Live the Victory of Mao Zedong Thought 3546:produced by the proletariat in the form of 2901:worldwide movement into two hostile camps. 1507: 1489: 1127: 25975: 25961: 25492: 25478: 24446: 24432: 24379: 24169: 23829: 23648: 23364: 23074: 22936: 22704: 22314:Fitzgibbons, Daniel J. (11 October 2002). 22262:. Moscow: Progress Publishers – via 21659:regime, was described by genocide scholar 21350:; they wrote about people who died in the 20618: 20332: 19881: 19879: 19877: 19831: 19193: 18475: 18207:"The Sources of Early Christian Communism" 16977: 16911:The Theory of Revolution in the Young Marx 16877:Leon Trotsky : a revolutionary's life 16873: 16661:"Socialism in One Country: A Reassessment" 16361: 16078: 16023: 15735:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte 15657: 15398: 15125: 14968: 14912: 14872: 14526:(in Russian). Vol. 52. Archived from 14512: 14450: 14296: 13989: 13856:"Who Killed More: Hitler, Stalin, or Mao?" 13427:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 12925: 12555:Dowlah, Alex F.; Elliott, John E. (1997). 12190:Janzen, Rod; Stanton, Max (18 July 2010). 12047:. pp. 991–1024 (1019). Archived from 11847: 11008: 10877: 10865: 10817: 10791: 10774: 10520: 10472: 10396: 9698: 9689: 9682:Illustrated Encyclopaedia of World History 9513: 9449: 9110: 8920: 8784: 7602:. 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The leader of the Cuban Revolution, 2648:People's Socialist Republic of Albania 2568:. Some left-wing parties, such as the 2254:in France. During the upheaval of the 2222:stated that several groups during the 1819:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party 1724:stated that in 1848, at the time when 1330:in France. During the upheaval of the 25956: 25473: 25343:Mass killings under communist regimes 24427: 24042: 23881: 23772: 23662:(reprint ed.). Signet Classics. 22618: 22581: 22539: 22337: 22168: 22093: 21979:Bibliography of works about communism 21700:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966 21328: 20611:Gerr, Raskina & Tsyplakova (2017) 20606: 20279: 20156: 19943: 19655: 19628: 19537: 19295: 19217: 19201: 19185: 19117: 19031: 18444: 18306: 17940: 17677: 17562: 17366: 17245:Escalona, Fabien (29 December 2020). 17116: 16719:The Prophet: The Life of Leon Trotsky 16627: 16603:(3rd ed.). 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He allowed for the possibility of 5794:Critique: Journal of Socialist Theory 4165:Change the World Without Taking Power 3742:communism as a new mode of production 3580:To each according to his contribution 3299:, who remained committed to orthodox 3063:and expulsion of Yugoslavia from the 2660:1936 Constitution of the Soviet Union 1858:Associated usage and Communist states 1673:to each according to his contribution 1529:came to be primarily associated with 1453:mass killings under communist regimes 971:Mass killings under communist regimes 24246: 24196:Sabirov, Kharis Fatykhovich (1987). 24175:The Red Flag: A History of Communism 24064: 24050:(reprint ed.). 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Marxism–Leninism remained after 7185:, and one-party state, along with 3235:Commonwealth of Independent States 3199:Commonwealth of Independent States 3191:Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union 1984: 1833:, and later in the 1920s those of 1825:, which resulted in the adjective 1570:is credited with the first use of 1451:. Many authors have written about 1151:, whose goal is the creation of a 14: 27922: 25297:Criticism of communist party rule 24296: 23891:. Translated by Davidson, Scott. 22484:from the original on 1 April 2022 22251:Socialism: Utopian and Scientific 21181:but did not necessarily advocate 21092:Taylor, Matt (22 February 2017). 20692:Chavez, Lesly Allyn (June 2014). 20501:; Orenstein, Mitchell A. 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During the same period, Mao's 2570:Socialist Party of Great Britain 2352: 2330: 1846:The Oxford Handbook of Karl Marx 1758:, which in the long run ensured 1533:, most specifically embodied in 1077: 1066: 946:21st-century communist theorists 60: 26445:Family as a model for the state 24579:Dictatorship of the proletariat 24370:The Radical Pamphlet Collection 24352:Lindsay, Samuel McCune (1905). 24072:(English, hardcover ed.). 23557:University Press of New England 23455:. Vol. 20 (1st ed.). 23080:"The Storm over The Black Book" 23022:. Vol. 26 (2nd ed.). 22982:. Vol. 20 (1st ed.). 22957:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.12.022 22828:Journal of Contemporary History 22646:Journal of Contemporary History 22619:Hauck, Owen (2 February 2016). 21972: 21776:collectivization of agriculture 21706:(genocide and politicide), the 21364:dissolution of the Soviet Union 21201: 21159: 21123: 19858:Shafir, Michael (Summer 2016). 19658:"Cienīga atbilde: Soviet Story" 19378:Jewish Political Studies Review 18205:Montero, Roman (30 July 2019). 17589:Johnson, Walker & Gray 2014 17050:Johnson, Walker & Gray 2014 16628:Twiss, Thomas M. (8 May 2014). 15326:John Ruskin's political economy 13378:Revolutionary Democracy Journal 13187:Journal of Political Ideologies 12449:Journal of the History of Ideas 12193:The Hutterites in North America 11984: 11947: 11868: 11841: 11730: 11712: 11679: 11595: 11555: 11523: 11501: 11461: 11427: 11346: 11278: 11218: 11144:10.5406/historypresent.4.2.0115 11136:10.5406/historypresent.4.2.0115 10944: 10909: 10823: 10704: 10627: 10514: 10405: 10288: 10246:Worden, Robert L., ed. (2008). 10239: 10208: 10165: 10131: 10094: 10053: 9992: 9949: 9911: 9869: 9827: 9785: 9753: 9734: 9672: 9554: 9507: 9390: 9360: 9318: 9289: 9255: 9224: 9193: 9149: 8535:nostalgia for the Communist era 8331:in July 2009. Some scholars in 7314:dictatorship of the proletariat 7256:Man, Controller of the Universe 7038:dictatorship of the proletariat 6876:dictatorship of the proletariat 6803:dictatorship of the proletariat 6763:dictatorship of the proletariat 6663:Latin America and the Caribbean 4554:Theory of historical trajectory 4432:Dictatorship of the proletariat 4130:Hegemony and Socialist Strategy 4030:History and Class Consciousness 3985:Critique of the Gotha Programme 3746:dictatorship of the proletariat 3695:ushered the world into the new 3339:), and others as part of their 3287:dissolution of the Soviet Union 3169:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 3163:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 3149:Cuban communist revolutionaries 2670: 2536:who favored the development of 2390:All-Russian Congress of Soviets 2316:Revolutionary wave of 1917–1923 2298:in 19th-century Europe. As the 1934:, has no adequate explanation. 1922:'s anti-urbanism. According to 1525:social situations. After 1848, 1398:dissolution of the Soviet Union 189:Dictatorship of the proletariat 139:to each according to his needs" 27795:Separation of church and state 27693:Collectivism and individualism 27648:The Origins of Totalitarianism 24361:New International Encyclopedia 24324:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 23984:The Journal of Moral Education 23465:10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/01173-6 23056:(paperback ed.). Oxford: 22728:10.1080/10370196.2001.11733360 22346:University of California Press 22099:The Rise and Fall of Communism 21240:exists since millennia, while 19206:Karlsson & Schoenhals 2008 19076:The Historiography of Genocide 18478:"Yegor Letov: Russkiy Proryv" 17918:University of California Press 17770:"Socialism and Labor Unionism" 17088:"On the Problem of Trotskyism" 16815:Marxism and Literary Criticism 16489:Imperialism and the Revolution 14842:Johns Hopkins University Press 14023:its use for teaching purposes. 13493:10.1080/00213624.1998.11506129 13055:McMeekin, Sean (30 May 2017). 12376:– via Scholarly Commons. 12260:University of Pittsburgh Press 12198:Johns Hopkins University Press 12001:Johns Hopkins University Press 11577:(hardcover ed.). Oxford: 11537:(hardcover ed.). London: 11483:(revised ed.). New York: 11393:(revised ed.). New York: 11255:Morris, Emily (8 March 2021). 10968:The American Historical Review 10769:Karlsson & Schoenhals 2008 10215:Fisher, Max (6 January 2016). 9404:International Critical Thought 9397:March, Luke (September 2012). 9298:Radical Left Parties in Europe 9085: 9033: 8978: 8935: 8865: 8834: 8807: 8469:. Despite those shortcomings, 8323:, which was proclaimed by the 4352:Socially necessary labour time 4250:Philosophy in the Soviet Union 4135:The Sublime Object of Ideology 4060:A Critique of Soviet Economics 2558:German Revolution of 1918–1919 2482:Left Socialist-Revolutionaries 2464:Russian Provisional Government 2431:, and popular support for the 2119:communist movement during the 1714:similar to the Roman Catholic 1669:to each according to his needs 1: 27835:Category:Political philosophy 27708:Critique of political economy 24519:Critique of political economy 24453: 24330:Libertarian Communist Library 23833:; Six, Clemens, eds. (2020). 23298:Open Court Publishing Company 23016:. In Wright, James D. (ed.). 22592:. In Gleditsch, N. P. (ed.). 22258:. Vol. 3. Translated by 22233:10.1080/10455752.2021.1875603 22122:Classical Sociological Theory 21542:Socialist Revolutionary Party 21444:phenomenon of communism." A 21004:Marx & Philosophy Society 20841:10.1080/05775132.2015.1012402 20430:The Great North Korean Famine 20283:Contemporary European History 20069:Dujisin, Zoltan (July 2020). 20055:10.1080/00905992.2017.1364230 19631:The Review of English Studies 17063:National Committee of the SWP 16607:. pp. 125–129, 158–159. 16524:. Vol. 27. p. 217. 16079:Springborg, Patricia (1984). 14605:Sargent, Lyman Tower (2008). 14513:Alimzhanov, Anuarbek (1991). 13610:. O. V. Khlevni︠u︡k. Oxford: 12713:(hardback ed.). London: 12040:The Cambridge History of Iran 11690:. Santa Barbara, California: 11641:"Marx's Concept of Socialism" 11606:. Santa Barbara, California: 10295:Schwekendiek, Daniel (2011). 9927:(hardback ed.). London: 9699:Billington, James H. (2011). 9042:"Withering Away of the State" 8736: 8428:United States. Works such as 8053:Apostles in the New Testament 7564:Libertarian Marxist communism 7312:Rather than representing the 7239: 6998:agricultural collectivization 6960:and in a global scale in the 6758:Critique of the Gotha Program 6475:Democracy and economic growth 4273:Critique of political economy 3881:capitalist mode of production 3774:Critique of political economy 3768:Critique of political economy 3699:. Before capitalism, certain 3697:capitalist mode of production 3578:of the means of production, " 3341:People's Multiparty Democracy 3283:Socialist Republic of Vietnam 2884:came to power in 1949 as the 2490:Socialist Revolutionary Party 2420:capitalist mode of production 2264:Nicolas Restif de la Bretonne 2210:religious group known as the 1892:Soviet-type economic planning 1874:, and mainly in reference to 1647:An early distinction between 1548:Nicolas Restif de la Bretonne 1340:Nicolas Restif de la Bretonne 127:Critique of political economy 27733:Institutional discrimination 27728:History of political thought 26460:Negative and positive rights 25412:Socialist mode of production 25328:Anti-communist mass killings 25270:Workers of the world, unite! 24539:Proletarian internationalism 24380:Winstanley, Gerrard (1649). 23888:From Communism to Capitalism 23628:Origins of Chinese Communism 23515:Resources in other libraries 22602:10.1007/978-3-319-54463-2_12 22557:(1). Boston, Massachusetts: 21617:(anti-Stalinist Yugoslavia). 21585:(anti-revisionist Albania), 21466:Khmer Rouge rule of Cambodia 21446:Soviet and communist studies 21302:North Korea: A Country Study 21222:wrote: "I use uppercase 'C' 21165:Earlier forms of communism ( 20734:10.1080/09668136.2013.822711 20463:Europe Since 1989: A History 19781:Engel-Di Mauro et al. (2021) 19664:(in Latvian). Archived from 19656:Ijabs, Ivars (23 May 2008). 18695:The New York Review of Books 18157:Dielo Truda (Workers' Cause) 18107:Towards the creative Nothing 18050:What is Anarchist Communism? 17854:Kowalski, Ronald I. (1991). 17563:Lowry, Ben (11 March 2017). 17212:"On Marxism-Leninism-Maoism" 16722:. Verso Books. p. 293. 16387:10.1080/03017605.2011.621248 16057:10.1016/j.soscij.2010.07.002 15768:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 57–59. 15762:Barry Stewart Clark (1998). 15413:10.5040/9781350082700.ch-001 14269:University of Illinois Press 14115:10.1080/00324728.2014.972432 13861:The New York Review of Books 13669:. Basingstoke and New York: 13200:10.1080/13569317.2012.676867 12258:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: 11073:The New York Review of Books 10249:North Korea: A Country Study 9523:"Bourgeois and Proletarians" 9459:"Bourgeois and Proletarians" 9421:10.1080/21598282.2012.706777 8741: 8484:-backed economic reforms of 8374:anti-communist mass killings 8172:There is no consensus among 8120:anti-communist mass killings 8087: 7874:(March 1919) and during its 7590:and its derivatives such as 7307:proletarian internationalism 7139: 6668:Middle East and North Africa 6535:Peaceful transition of power 4310:Falling profit-rate tendency 4085:The Society of the Spectacle 3838:communist mode of production 3572:socialist mode of production 3439:List of communist ideologies 3233:, formally establishing the 3217:. That evening at 7:32, the 3119:democratic road to socialism 3011:believed at one point to be 2594:socialist mode of production 2468:Russian Constituent Assembly 1293:communist mode of production 1040:Socialist mode of production 956:Anti-communist mass killings 894:Workers of the world, unite! 149:Proletarian internationalism 7: 27743:Justification for the state 27528:Two Treatises of Government 25380:Marx's theory of alienation 24410:. Retrieved 18 August 2021. 24326:. Retrieved 18 August 2021. 23782:University of Chicago Press 23272:The World Book Encyclopedia 22944:Social Science and Medicine 22715:History of Economics Review 22219:Capitalism Nature Socialism 21731:The Black Book of Communism 21696:anticommunist mass killings 21503:The Black Book of Communism 21418:The Black Book of Communism 21360:Holodomor genocide question 21233:The Black Book of Communism 20998:Ehms, Jule (9 March 2014). 20952:'s Global Attitudes Project 20581:University of Chicago Press 19951:(E-book ed.). London: 19695:"Socialism as a hate crime" 18546:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 18448:Encyclopedia of Catholicism 18340:Westminster John Knox Press 18241:Foundations of Christianity 17835:. Marxists Internet Archive 16874:Rubenstein, Joshua (2011). 16605:University of Vermont Press 16521:Marx/Engels Collected Works 16097:10.1177/0090591784012004005 15900:10.4135/9781608712434.n1646 15616:Critical Historical Studies 15401:From Marx to Hegel and Back 15220:Critical Historical Studies 15153:10.1177/0269142002032001564 15128:"Soviet Democracy, 1917–91" 15109:Marx/Engels Collected Works 15034:"What is Orthodox Marxism?" 13648:The Cold War: A New History 11968:10.1007/978-94-011-1380-9_1 11856:Rosser & Barkley (2003) 11385:Williams, Raymond (1985) . 11204:Online Etymology Dictionary 11052:– via Soviet Studies. 10998:– via Soviet Studies. 10737:10.1080/0966813022000017177 9300:(E-book ed.). London: 9044:. In Kurian, George (ed.). 8973:economic habits may remain. 8952:The Principles of Communism 8729:Twentieth Century Communism 8653: 8438:legitimized debates on the 8430:The Black Book of Communism 8424:The Black Book of Communism 8082: 7895:internationalist socialists 7586:, emerged in opposition to 7403:combined with an authentic 7399:The economic platform of a 7348:against far-right parties, 7013:a convenient label for the 6565:Proportional representation 5784:Capitalism Nature Socialism 4300:Concrete and abstract labor 4185:Capital in the Anthropocene 4110:Social Justice and the City 4005:The Accumulation of Capital 3025:industrialized Soviet Union 2988: 2949:of the army and Mao's wife 2941:be removed through violent 2427:, the peasants' demand for 1223:withering away of the state 1008:Marx's theory of alienation 10: 27927: 26413:Bellum omnium contra omnes 24404:Kingston University London 24396:– via Roger Lovejoy. 24153:Princeton University Press 24130:Cambridge University Press 24104:Princeton University Press 24026:Cambridge University Press 23813:Cambridge University Press 23342:10.1162/002219502753364263 23159:(hardback, 2nd ed.). 23122:Cambridge University Press 22844:10.1177/002200940103600110 22681: 22659:10.1177/002200940103600110 22543:(Summer 1996). "Review of 22397:Social Indicators Research 22256:Marx/Engels Selected Works 22077:Cambridge University Press 21982: 21976: 21813:1970 Cambodian coup d'état 21811:, who seized power in the 21169:and some earlier forms of 20799:Cambridge University Press 20547:Princeton University Press 20468:Princeton University Press 20402:Princeton University Press 20370:Princeton University Press 20090:10.1007/s11186-020-09401-5 20046:Cambridge University Press 19917:The Actuality of Communism 19726:Engel-Di Mauro et al. 2021 19579:Cambridge University Press 19456:Cambridge University Press 19050:10.1177/0967828X9700500202 18817:Cambridge University Press 18487:(in Russian). No. 145 18480:Егор Летов: Русский Прорыв 18412:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: 18270:Montero, Roman A. (2017). 18076:Gray, Christopher (1998). 17977:Anarchism for Know-It-Alls 17949:Greenwood Publishing Group 17941:Mayne, Alan James (1999). 17776:. Vol. 1, no. 18 17398:. Vol. 8. Autumn 1999 17018:Bulletin of the Opposition 17014:"The Transitional Program" 16786:Edinburgh University Press 16045:The Social Science Journal 16039:Niemi, William L. (2011). 15480:Cambridge University Press 15324:Henderson, Willie (2000). 15136:European History Quarterly 14882:"Idealism and Materialism" 14790:Friedrich Ebert Foundation 14361:. pp. 310–314 (312). 14300:In Search of Eurocommunism 13996:Bottelier, Pieter (2018). 13748:Princeton University Press 13480:Journal of Economic Issues 13409:(revised ed.). London 13274:Cambridge University Press 12932:. McFarland. p. 109. 12628:Cambridge University Press 12409:Cambridge University Press 12293:Cambridge University Press 12045:Cambridge University Press 12043:. Vol. 3. Cambridge: 11999:(6). Baltimore, Maryland: 11819:Cambridge University Press 10688:Cambridge University Press 10613:The London Review of Books 9384:Friedrich Ebert Foundation 9333:Dictionary of the far left 9279:Friedrich Ebert Foundation 9173:Friedrich Ebert Foundation 8722:American Communist History 8146: 8102:Russian Revolution of 1917 8024: 7921: 7834: 7772:elected at workplaces and 7735: 7567: 7502: 7414: 7318:degenerated workers' state 7243: 7215:Marxism–Leninism–Stalinism 7160:leader of the Soviet Union 7143: 7074:Communist Party of Germany 7040:, in addition to a shared 6926: 6842: 4055:Dialectic of Enlightenment 3903: 3855: 3825: 3771: 3748:; it is the defeat of the 3672: 3613:Marxist schools of thought 3443:Marxist schools of thought 3436: 3430: 3244: 3207:leader of the Soviet Union 3166: 3099:People's Republic of China 3093:, who enacted a period of 2992: 2674: 2319: 2193:Thomas More and His Utopia 2130:The Peasant War in Germany 2127:analyzed in his 1850 work 2098:preached an early form of 2027:. Since the 20th century, 1988: 1977: 1973: 1606:Since the 1840s, the term 1302:, in the aftermath of the 1275:. The two classes are the 1241:Marxist schools of thought 32:Communism (disambiguation) 29: 18: 27830: 27680: 27449: 27097: 26830: 26710: 26629: 26541: 26532: 26398: 26232: 26161: 25990: 25800: 25594: 25507: 25435: 25310: 25279: 25237: 25159: 24781: 24730: 24692: 24628: 24587: 24461: 24408:Marxists Internet Archive 24366:Retrieved 18 August 2021. 24316:Retrieved 18 August 2021. 23712:Forman, James D. (1972). 23510:Resources in your library 23439:Marxists Internet Archive 23012:Morgan, W. John (2015) . 22797:Kaufman, Cynthia (2003). 22410:10.1007/s11205-017-1764-4 22264:Marxists Internet Archive 22172:Journal of Peace Research 22164:– via Chomsky.info. 22031:Marxists Internet Archive 21830: 21319:Korea under Japanese rule 20870:. Duke University Press. 20573:Mattei, Clara E. (2022). 20296:10.1017/S0960777312000070 20257:Columbia University Press 19464:10.1017/S004388710002089X 19385:(3/4). Jerusalem: 73–92. 19136:Journal of Peace Research 18908:Columbia University Press 18862:Columbia University Press 18276:Wipf and Stock Publishers 18250:Marxists Internet Archive 18027:The Nestor Makhno Archive 17868:10.1007/978-1-349-10367-6 17786:Marxists Internet Archive 17665:Marxists Internet Archive 17167:10.1017/S0305741000010407 16502:Marxists Internet Archive 16466:Marxists Internet Archive 16189:Marxists Internet Archive 16155:10.1080/08935690009358994 15823:Marxists Internet Archive 15293:Mészáros, István (2010). 15188:Twiss, Thomas M. (2014). 15055:Marxists Internet Archive 14955:The Columbia Encyclopedia 14896:Marxists Internet Archive 14313:10.1007/978-1-349-16581-0 13940:10.1017/s030574100600107x 13740:Luthi, Lorenz M. (2010). 13665:McDermott, Kevin (2006). 13590:Marxists Internet Archive 13331:; Uvalić, Milica (eds.). 13250:10.1080/09668138508411571 13142:White, Elizabeth (2010). 12807:Marxists Internet Archive 12745:White, Elizabeth (2010). 11875:Nation, R. Craig (1992). 11686:Busky, Donald F. (2000). 11602:Busky, Donald F. (2000). 11571:Strandmann, Hartmut Pogge 11567:Evans, Robert John Weston 11326:University of Texas Press 11265:University College London 10653:10.1080/09668130902753325 10540:10.1080/09668130050143860 10172:Seth, Michael J. (2019). 9943:Marxists Internet Archive 9652:Stanford University Press 9646:Bockman, Johanna (2011). 9548:Marxists Internet Archive 9485:Marxists Internet Archive 9027:Marxists Internet Archive 8968:Marxists Internet Archive 8914:Marxists Internet Archive 8692:List of communist parties 8478:World Health Organization 8244:proposes the category of 8094:University College London 8003:insurrectionary anarchism 7410: 7277:Trotskyism, developed by 7079:Within Marxism–Leninism, 6878:, led by a revolutionary 4200:Literature and Revolution 4160:Late Victorian Holocausts 4090:Pedagogy of the Oppressed 4075:The Wretched of the Earth 3858:Socialization (economics) 3720:, earning profit via the 3360: 2562:proletarian revolutionary 2023:society first emerged in 1797:as a means to defend the 1574:in English, around 1840. 1467:Etymology and terminology 1200:revolutionary spontaneity 27618:The Revolt of the Masses 24564:Workers' self-management 24340:11 December 2005 at the 24275:The Reality of Communism 24230:Harvard University Press 23958:Morgan, W. John (2003). 23941:Maoism: A Global History 23913:; Murphy, Dylan (1999). 23052:Newman, Michael (2005). 22972:Morgan, W. John (2001). 22749:Rowman & Littlefield 22506:Rowman & Littlefield 22246:"Historical Materialism" 22189:10.1177/0022343304040051 21526:socialism in one country 21458:Holocaust trivialization 21402:and political scientist 21173:), shared support for a 20549:. pp. 51, 222–223. 20434:Institute of Peace Press 20159:"The Forgotten Millions" 20011:10.1177/1750698015587151 19415:Cornell University Press 19304:Harvard University Press 19241:Cornell University Press 19149:10.1177/0022343309342944 18953:Cornell University Press 18479: 18445:Flinn, Frank K. (2007). 18380:The Acts of the Apostles 18338:. Louisville, Kentucky: 17858:. Basingstoke, England: 17618:10.1163/1569206043505275 17491:Government In The Future 17117:Weber, Wolfgang (1989). 16254: 15708:(3): 5–7. Archived from 15474:Postone, Moishe (1995). 15278:(in Swedish) (28): 134. 14913:O'Hara, Phillip (2003). 14652:Rowman & Littlefield 14516: 14339:(2011). "Communism". In 14151: 14072:Rowman & Littlefield 13818:Harvard University Press 13606:Gorlizki, Yoram (2004). 13406:Class Struggles in China 13282:10.1017/CBO9780511615856 12976:. Springer. p. 98. 12532:Harvard University Press 12530:. Cambridge and London: 11883:Cornell University Press 11197:Harper, Douglas (2020). 10397:Howard & King (2001) 10180:Rowman & Littlefield 10141: 9842:Harvard University Press 9769:University of Washington 9561:Gasper, Phillip (2005). 9325:Cosseron, Serge (2007). 9186:George & Wilcox 1996 8295:and other historians, a 7913:Other types of communism 7795:In contrast to those of 7768:, which are composed of 7682:World Socialist Movement 7542:Communist Party of Spain 7299:socialism in one country 7175:ideological Soviet model 7052:society had entered the 6966:socialism in one country 6903:(1848), identifying the 6620:Wars between democracies 6600:Territorial peace theory 6445:Democratic confederalism 4150:The Origin of Capitalism 4020:The State and Revolution 3503:, no single, definitive 3451:A monument dedicated to 3351:Chinese economic reforms 3121:, which became known as 2867: 2856:For most Westerners and 2366:and a key figure in the 2322:Revolutions of 1917–1923 1809:. A distinction between 1600:flag of the Soviet Union 1204:workers' self-management 174:Workers' self-management 19:Not to be confused with 27598:The Communist Manifesto 26524:Tyranny of the majority 26435:Consent of the governed 25402:Revolutionary socialism 24610:Socialization (Marxism) 24311:Encyclopædia Britannica 24074:Oxford University Press 23659:The Communist Manifesto 23632:Oxford University Press 23575:Daniels, Robert Vincent 23549:Daniels, Robert Vincent 23403:Oxford University Press 23365:Wilczynski, J. (2008). 23058:Oxford University Press 22914:Link, Theodore (2004). 22900:Oxford University Press 22688:Oxford University Press 22682:Holmes, Leslie (2009). 21930:"Communism and Anarchy" 21298:Korean ultranationalism 21196:revolutionary socialism 21069:Oxford University Press 21000:"The Communist Horizon" 20507:Oxford University Press 20223:Black Book of Communism 20134:Oxford University Press 20083:(January 2021): 65–96. 19748:The Wall Street Journal 19538:Pipes, Richard (2001). 19088:10.1057/9780230297784_3 18763:; Parsons, William S.; 18604:Blakeley, Ruth (2009). 18313:Origins of Christianity 17220:Communist Party of Peru 16782:The Trotsky Reappraisal 16679:10.1023/A:1008651325136 16455:Foreign Languages Press 16342:, pp. 2332, 3355; 16219:Encyclopædia Britannica 16139:"Marxism and democracy" 16137:Wolff, Richard (2000). 15445:, pp. 44, 192–216. 15103:Principles of Communism 15079:. Vol. I. Moscow: 14976:International Socialism 14492:Encyclopædia Britannica 13717:Oxford University Press 13612:Oxford University Press 13559:Oxford University Press 13448:Oxford University Press 12833:Oxford University Press 12827:Holmes, Leslie (2009). 12803:Encyclopedia of Marxism 12704:Faulkner, Neil (2017). 12506:Encyclopædia Britannica 12340:University of Edinburgh 12078:Ermak, Gennady (2019). 11931:Random House Publishing 11655:Oxford University Press 11579:Oxford University Press 11485:Oxford University Press 11395:Oxford University Press 10331:, pp. 9–24, 36–44. 10301:McFarland & Company 9964:Macmillan Reference USA 9747:Oxford University Press 9741:Smith, Stephen (2014). 9528:The Communist Manifesto 9464:The Communist Manifesto 9206:Encyclopædia Britannica 9040:Kurian, George (2011). 8990:Preobrazhensky, Yevgeni 8877:Preobrazhensky, Yevgeni 8841:Ely, Richard T (1883). 8817:World Book Encyclopedia 8792:Encyclopædia Britannica 8707:Sociocultural evolution 8359:political left and the 8315:agenda, among them the 8205:crimes against humanity 8063:, and theologians like 7942:Anarcho-communism is a 7868:Communist International 7812:government by applying 7659:Johnson–Forest Tendency 7619:The Civil War in France 7538:Italian Communist Party 7518:Italian Communist Party 7516:, the secretary of the 7459:, being practical, and 7449:revolutionary movements 7445:Chinese economic reform 7421:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism 7262:in Mexico City showing 7260:Palacio de Bellas Artes 6978:dialectical materialism 6913:dialectical materialism 6900:The Communist Manifesto 6884:political consciousness 6794:Principles of Communism 6773:Principles of Communism 6748:The Communist Manifesto 6605:Tyranny of the majority 6540:Political demonstration 6450:Democratic peace theory 6425:Deliberative referendum 4856:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism 4499:Relations of production 4382:Base and superstructure 4235:Dialectical materialism 4195:The Revolution Betrayed 4015:Terrorism and Communism 4010:Philosophical Notebooks 3965:The Communist Manifesto 3862:Socialization (Marxism) 3844:. According to Marxian 3834:falling rates of profit 3621:international relations 3609:dialectical materialism 3556:relations of production 3463:Marxism is a method of 3260:Chinese Communist Party 3213:, to Russian president 3187:Soviet of the Republics 3013:moving toward socialism 2935:Chinese Communist Party 2882:Chinese Communist Party 2841:, and strengthened the 2309:The Communist Manifesto 2248:Étienne-Gabriel Morelly 2240:Gabriel Bonnot de Mably 1882:. The emergence of the 1876:authoritarian socialism 1851:Encyclopædia Britannica 1727:The Communist Manifesto 1698:was believed to be the 1578:Communism and socialism 1536:The Communist Manifesto 1494:(which literally means 1484:, a combination of the 1320:Étienne-Gabriel Morelly 1312:Gabriel Bonnot de Mably 1030:Revolutionary socialism 222:Socialization (Marxism) 26475: 26425:Clash of civilizations 26411: 24314:(11th ed.). 1911. 24251:(hardcover ed.). 24247:Shaw, Yu-ming (2019). 24151:(hardcover ed.). 24102:(hardcover ed.). 23459:. pp. 9191–9193. 23434:Letter to the New Left 23213:Rummel, Rudolph Joseph 23148:Rabinowitch, Alexander 22867:Lansford, Tom (2007). 22338:Geary, Daniel (2009). 22147:(Spring–Summer 1986). 21728:In their criticism of 21496:Some authors, such as 21244:(used in reference to 21183:revolutionary politics 19643:10.1093/res/50.200.557 19571:Mann, Michael (2005). 18809:Mann, Michael (2005). 18508:"Why Communism Failed" 18372:Plumptre, Edward Hayes 18368:Ellicott, Charles John 18307:Renan, Ernest (1869). 18023:"Constructive Section" 17833:"Dialogue with Stalin" 17747:; Crump, John (eds.). 17606:Historical Materialism 17602:van der Linden, Marcel 17222:. 1982. Archived from 17092:Peace, Land, and Bread 16659:Van Ree, Erik (1998). 16308:Erik, Cornell (2002). 16284:Synthesis Publications 15455:Mortensen. "Ekonomi". 13264:Gregory, Paul Roderick 11302:10.3406/mots.1983.1122 11123:History of the Present 11035:10.1080/09668139999056 11010:Wheatcroft, Stephen G. 10954:; Rittersporn, Gábor; 10609:"Starving the Ukraine" 10522:Wheatcroft, Stephen G. 10492:10.1080/09668139999056 10474:Wheatcroft, Stephen G. 10101:Dae-Kyu, Yoon (2003). 9918:Silber, Irwin (1994). 9876:Wald, Alan M. (2012). 9792:Diamond, Sara (1995). 9707:Transaction Publishers 9171:: 126–143 – via 9017:. pp. 73–75, § 21 8904:. pp. 72–73, § 20 8301:double genocide theory 8297:historical revisionist 8246:Communist mass killing 7980:voluntary associations 7939: 7749: 7688:, as well as parts of 7674:Socialisme ou Barbarie 7534:French Communist Party 7521: 7433: 7274: 7211:death of Joseph Stalin 7162: 7158:, the longest-serving 7058:proletariat revolution 6941: 6854: 6829: 6799: 6430:Democratic backsliding 6420:Criticism of democracy 5799:Historical Materialism 4544:Proletarian revolution 4539:Primitive accumulation 4534:Historical determinism 3679:Historical materialism 3630:and Marxism–Leninism. 3568:proletarian revolution 3534: – the 3473:historical materialism 3460: 3270: 3262: 3256:18th National Congress 3205:(the eighth and final 3020: 2886:Nationalist government 2845:alliance that covered 2750:libertarian communisms 2588:, in reference to the 2462:By November 1917, the 2449:equal rights for women 2400: 2344:and the leader of the 2216:Cromwell and Communism 2158: 2139:Christian universalist 1918:industrialism and the 1862:In the United States, 1821:renamed itself as the 1603: 1558: 1552: 1508: 1490: 1480: 1159:order centered around 1128: 26440:Divine right of kings 25353:Intentional community 24489:Collective leadership 23626:Dirlik, Arif (1989). 23605:The Communist Horizon 23583:Yale University Press 23130:10.1017/9781316137024 22290:10.1353/nlh.2000.0045 21704:1959 Tibetan uprising 21655:, whose culprit, the 21117:Explanatory footnotes 21035:Duke University Press 20654:10.1136/jech.56.6.444 20245:Jaffrelot, Christophe 18534:Aarons, Mark (2007). 18330:Boer, Roland (2009). 18246:Russell & Russell 17722:. Dordrecht: Kluwer. 17655:. No. 27. Bremen 17277:Enciclopedia Treccani 16939:Cox, Michael (1992). 16882:Yale University Press 16028:. Socialist Register. 15934:How to Read Karl Marx 15884:Kurian, George Thomas 15311:10.17605/OSF.IO/65MXD 14958:(6th ed.). 2007. 14367:10.4135/9781412994163 14170:Nossal, Kim Richard. 13784:Perkins, Dwight Heald 13442:Smith, S. A. (2014). 13369:Bland, Bill (1995) . 13028:Bergman, Jay (2019). 13005:John Wiley & Sons 12903:John Wiley & Sons 12360:Papke, David (2016). 12254:Halfin, Igal (2000). 11782:10.1353/kri.2004.0007 11742:The National Interest 11726:(6th ed.). 2007. 11723:Columbia Encyclopedia 11539:Bloomsbury Publishing 11443:Harper & Brothers 11358:"Communism, the Word" 10684:Stalin: A New History 10031:Dunn, Dennis (2016). 9123:(2012). Berry, Dave; 9058:10.4135/9781608712434 8847:Harper & Brothers 8702:Post-scarcity economy 8623:history of capitalism 8319:in June 2008 and the 8178:scholars of Communism 8147:Further information: 7931: 7825:democratic centralism 7816:on the one hand, and 7762:libertarian socialism 7745: 7714:Cornelius Castoriadis 7636:libertarian socialism 7530:social transformation 7512: 7428: 7253: 7153: 7009:population, has made 6986:democratic centralism 6936: 6849: 6819: 6781: 6485:Electoral competition 6465:Democratic transition 6440:Democratic centralism 6435:Democratic capitalism 6035:Philosophy portal 5829:Science & Society 4447:Democratic centralism 4305:Factors of production 4170:Caliban and the Witch 4115:Women, Race and Class 3874:. Nationalization is 3693:Industrial Revolution 3594:, follows the maxim " 3489:social transformation 3467:analysis that uses a 3450: 3417:democratic centralism 3406:, an elitist form of 3335:), social democrats ( 3321:Nepal Communist Party 3303:, and those, such as 3268: 3254: 3241:Post-Soviet communism 3221:was lowered from the 3173:With the fall of the 3167:Further information: 3083:Albanian–Soviet split 3006: 2993:Further information: 2933:orthodoxy within the 2758:democratic centralism 2752:, dating back to the 2734:democratic centralism 2675:Further information: 2540:as a prerequisite to 2523:anarchism and Marxism 2320:Further information: 2300:Industrial Revolution 2252:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 2147: 1991:Pre-Marxist communism 1989:Further information: 1967:workers and peasants' 1756:democratic revolution 1590:is a common theme of 1585: 1437:Soviet economic model 1370:. As one of the many 1352:Communist governments 1328:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1233:Variants of communism 1192:libertarian socialist 981:Intentional community 97:Collective leadership 27896:Political ideologies 27886:Left-wing ideologies 27588:Democracy in America 26967:political philosophy 26950:political philosophy 26765:political philosophy 26594:political philosophy 26504:Separation of powers 26465:Night-watchman state 26450:Monopoly on violence 25984:Political philosophy 25501:Political ideologies 25459:Socialism portal 25447:Communism portal 25302:Criticism of Marxism 25292:Communist propaganda 24722:Fourth International 24712:Second International 24499:Communist revolution 24202:(English ed.). 24048:Communism: A History 23752:10.1257/jep.34.2.172 23401:(revised ed.). 23223:University of Hawaii 23085:The Wilson Quarterly 22320:The Campus Chronicle 22277:New Literary History 21742:'s Soviet Union and 21325:as a guerrilla hero. 21037:. p. xvi–xvii. 20583:. pp. 301–302. 20192:Praktyka Teoretyczna 20136:. pp. 377–378. 20038:Nationalities Papers 19953:Taylor & Francis 19540:Communism: a history 18725:Monthly Review Press 18648:McSherry, J. Patrice 18455:. pp. 173–174. 18129:Nightmares of Reason 17367:Marot, Eric (2006). 17065:(16 November 1953). 17040:, pp. 189, 194. 16638:. pp. 105–106. 16411:Hoppe, Bert (2011). 16275:Contemporary Marxism 15998:"Who was Karl Marx?" 15844:Taylor & Francis 15305:. pp. 317–331. 15303:Monthly Review Press 15174:State and Revolution 14773:March, Luke (2009). 14646:Lamb, Peter (2015). 14615:Wadsworth Publishing 14530:on 20 December 2015. 14345:Berg-Schlosser, Dirk 14067:49 Myths about China 14041:Simon & Schuster 13969:Taylor & Francis 13403:Bland, Bill (1997). 13329:Kołodko, Grzegorz W. 12717:. pp. 34, 177. 12103:Busky, D.F. (2002). 11993:The Classical Weekly 11927:Communism: A History 11581:. pp. 207–235. 10039:. pp. 126–131. 9844:. pp. ix–x, 2. 9367:March, Luke (2009). 9296:March, Luke (2012). 9262:March, Luke (2009). 9156:March, Luke (2009). 9048:. Washington, D.C.: 9002:The ABC of Communism 8889:The ABC of Communism 8682:Criticism of Marxism 8677:Communism by country 8565:right-wing populists 8488:experienced surging 8399:victims of Communism 8353:criticism of Marxism 8129:Non-Aligned Movement 7878:(July–August 1920). 7524:Eurocommunism was a 7432:monument in Shenyang 7374:Fourth International 7358:transitional program 7287:permanent revolution 7167:socioeconomic system 6460:Democratic socialism 6047:Socialism portal 6023:Communism portal 5892:History of communism 5887:Economic determinism 5872:Criticism of Marxism 5862:Creative destruction 4622:Marxism and religion 4342:Scientific socialism 4245:Philosophy of nature 4125:Imagined Communities 3990:Dialectics of Nature 3906:Democracy in Marxism 3899:Democracy in Marxism 3636:Second International 3509:scientific socialism 3487:perspective to view 3408:socialism from above 3309:democratic socialist 2732:. Following Lenin's 2546:socialist revolution 2486:coalition government 2416:socialist revolution 2284:New Harmony, Indiana 2260:François-Noël Babeuf 2236:Age of Enlightenment 2121:German Peasants' War 2003:Scientific socialism 1980:History of communism 1807:socialist revolution 1336:François-Noël Babeuf 1324:Henri de Saint-Simon 1308:Age of Enlightenment 1289:communist revolution 1283:to survive, and the 1084:Socialism portal 1073:Communism portal 928:Criticism of Marxism 918:Communist propaganda 338:Fourth International 328:Second International 107:Communist revolution 30:For other uses, see 27881:Economic ideologies 27778:Right-wing politics 27658:A Theory of Justice 27628:The Road to Serfdom 27548:The Social Contract 26255:Christian democracy 25619:Christian democracy 25407:Socialist economics 25323:Anti anti-communism 25252:Red flag (politics) 24717:Third International 24707:First International 24534:Market abolitionism 24479:Class consciousness 24374:Library of Congress 24271:Zinoviev, Alexandre 24204:Progress Publishers 23678:Fitzpatrick, Sheila 23262:10.1155/2012/137412 23076:Paczkowski, Andrzej 22545:Death by Government 21781:Cambodian Civil War 21712:Cultural Revolution 21631:. Examples include 21579:Ho Chi Minh Thought 21472:'s North Korea and 21388:Klas-Göran Karlsson 21368:Revolutions of 1989 21259:Communist Party USA 21171:religious communism 20978:The Washington Post 20950:Pew Research Center 20721:Europe-Asia Studies 19800:(2 December 2022). 19493:Gray, John (1990). 19405:Valentino, Benjamin 19231:Valentino, Benjamin 18943:Valentino, Benjamin 18750:, pp. 151–153. 18453:Infobase Publishing 18211:Church Life Journal 18057:on 21 December 2010 18003:(13 October 2002). 17696:on 29 November 2020 17649:"The New Blanquism" 17154:The China Quarterly 17098:on 11 February 2022 16419:] (in German). 16259:Журнал Альтернативы 16181:"To the Rural Poor" 16024:Hal Draper (1970). 15715:on 16 November 2021 15701:Crisis and Critique 15482:. pp. 130, 5. 15407:, p. 142,182, 15405:Bloomsbury Academic 15081:Progress Publishers 14887:The German Ideology 14534:Declaration № 142-Н 14458:The Washington Post 14159:on 11 October 2022. 14037:Mao: The Real Story 13927:The China Quarterly 13854:(5 February 2018). 13773:, pp. 316–332. 13696:, pp. 179–193. 13572:Sedov, Lev (1980). 11643:. In Hudis, Peter; 11066:(27 January 2011). 11022:Europe-Asia Studies 10917:Suny, Ronald Grigor 10724:Europe-Asia Studies 10640:Europe-Asia Studies 10607:(22 January 1987). 10527:Europe-Asia Studies 10479:Europe-Asia Studies 10257:Library of Congress 10142:북 개정 헌법 '선군사상' 첫 명기 9745:. Oxford, England: 9537:Progress Publishers 9473:Progress Publishers 9013:. London, England: 8900:. London, England: 8599:economic inequality 8490:economic inequality 8463:North Korean famine 8357:anti-anti-communist 8325:European Parliament 8096:wrote that because 8041:religious communism 8027:Christian communism 8021:Christian communism 7968:means of production 7935:, main theorist of 7758:libertarian Marxism 7570:Libertarian Marxism 7382:orthodox Trotskyism 7230:democratic republic 7191:means of production 7134:Three Worlds Theory 7118:Sino-Albanian split 6834:is to be organized. 6767:peaceful transition 6686:Politics portal 6480:Democracy promotion 6455:Democratic republic 5779:Capital & Class 4459:False consciousness 4407:Commodity fetishism 4397:Class consciousness 4315:Means of production 4145:The Age of Extremes 4065:The Long Revolution 4000:What Is to Be Done? 3960:The German Ideology 3718:means of production 3564:class consciousness 3560:alienation of labor 3540:means of production 3459:(right) in Shanghai 3383:libertarian Marxism 3379:Christian communism 3323:) were part of the 3179:Revolutions of 1989 2927:Cultural Revolution 2920:Cultural Revolution 2803:The devastation of 2754:libertarian Marxist 2730:New Economic Policy 2722:Workers' Opposition 2502:single issue voters 2441:universal education 2272:James H. Billington 2100:Christian communism 1999:Religious communism 1995:Primitive communism 1955:people's democratic 1949:national-democratic 1752:Revolutions of 1848 1592:communist symbolism 1568:John Goodwyn Barmby 1445:anti anti-communism 1394:freedom of religion 1348:James H. Billington 1245:religious communism 1237:anarchist communism 1165:means of production 1035:Socialist economics 951:Anti anti-communism 940:Related topics 876:Red flag (politics) 333:Third International 323:First International 144:Market abolitionism 87:Class consciousness 27790:Political violence 27785:Political theology 27768:Left-wing politics 27763:Political spectrum 25534:Political spectrum 25427:Worker cooperative 25385:National communism 25358:Left-wing politics 25263:The Internationale 24615:Economic democracy 24199:What Is Communism? 23964:Palgrave Macmillan 23865:Palgrave Macmillan 23839:Palgrave Macmillan 23831:Gerlach, Christian 23683:History and Theory 23092:. pp. 28–34. 22873:Marshall Cavendish 22547:by R. J. Rummel". 21793:Cambodian genocide 21708:Cambodian genocide 21653:Cambodian genocide 21589:(Czechoslovakia), 21546:Popular Socialists 21436:Andrzej Paczkowski 21392:Michael Schoenhals 21143:political spectrum 21135:far-right politics 20426:Natsios, Andrew S. 20076:Theory and Society 19662:Latvijas Vēstnesis 19082:. pp. 42–70. 19080:Palgrave Macmillan 18485:Sovetskaya Rossiya 18137:on 27 October 2010 17860:Palgrave MacMillan 17645:Pannekoek, Antonie 17498:on 16 January 2013 17459:Socialist Register 17426:Palgrave Macmillan 17418:Screpanti, Ernesto 17332:Pannekoek, Antonie 17306:. pp. 73–80. 17279:(in Italian). 2010 16945:The Russian Review 16853:. pp. 1–206. 16597:Daniels, Robert V. 16251:Butenko, Aleksandr 16143:Rethinking Marxism 15890:. Washington, DC: 15665:The New York Times 15196:. pp. 28–29. 14788:: 127 – via 14586:. 26 December 1991 14583:The New York Times 14558:. 22 December 1991 14555:The New York Times 14488:"Cuban Revolution" 14408:, pp. 627–648 14102:Population Studies 13671:Palgrave Macmillan 13644:Gaddis, John Lewis 13509:The Russian Review 13337:Palgrave Macmillan 13303:Hoover Institution 12874:. pp. 1–288. 12734:– via OAPEN. 12336:Retrospect Journal 11885:. pp. 85–86. 11445:. pp. 29–30. 11286:Grandjonc, Jacques 11230:www.britannica.com 10879:Rosefielde, Steven 10401:Fitzgibbons (2002) 10060:Frenkiel, Émilie; 10037:Palgrave-Macmillan 10012:on 29 January 2009 9966:. pp. 35–36. 9382:: 129 – via 9277:: 126 – via 9133:Palgrave Macmillan 8849:. pp. 35–36. 8795:(revised ed.) 8697:Outline of Marxism 8391:Kristen R. Ghodsee 8317:Prague Declaration 8307:countries and the 8242:Benjamin Valentino 8167:order of magnitude 8139:in South America. 8092:Emily Morris from 7976:horizontal network 7940: 7891:anarcho-communists 7862:than the views of 7790:party dictatorship 7750: 7576:anti-authoritarian 7522: 7434: 7405:worker's democracy 7344:, the tactic of a 7275: 7171:political ideology 7163: 7122:Social imperialism 7097:social imperialist 6942: 6839:Leninist communism 6753:universal suffrage 6625:Waves of democracy 6585:Right to candidacy 6555:Popular referendum 6545:Political equality 6415:Citizens' assembly 5993:Worker cooperative 5971:Left-wing populism 5897:Left-wing politics 5834:Socialist Register 5824:Rethinking Marxism 4617:Literary criticism 4320:Mode of production 4180:Capitalist Realism 4040:The Black Jacobins 3883:. In the words of 3762:universal suffrage 3689:mode of production 3639:technology in the 3584:production for use 3501:schools of thought 3461: 3271: 3263: 3111:liberal-democratic 3021: 2910:Great Leap Forward 2833:'s entry into the 2782:Russian Revolution 2556:, inspired by the 2514:multi-party system 2378:October Revolution 2368:October Revolution 2296:socialist movement 2197:October Revolution 2159: 1961:socialist-oriented 1783:October Revolution 1746:in Germany. While 1704:Protestant England 1604: 1564:form of government 1372:types of socialism 1364:Russian Revolution 1269:mode of production 1227:political spectrum 1221:, followed by the 1149:socialist movement 1055:Worker cooperative 1013:National communism 986:Left-wing politics 887:The Internationale 227:Economic democracy 27901:Political culture 27866:Anarcho-communism 27843: 27842: 27753:Philosophy of law 27698:Conflict theories 27538:The Spirit of Law 27445: 27444: 26494:Original position 25950: 25949: 25649:Constitutionalism 25512:The Establishment 25467: 25466: 25247:Hammer and sickle 24738:Communist Parties 24554:Stateless society 24549:Social revolution 24514:Communist society 24484:Classless society 24355:"Communism"  24305:"Communism"  24288:978-0-80523-901-0 24262:978-0-36716-385-3 24239:978-0-67404-699-3 24213:978-0-82853-346-1 24188:978-0-80214-512-3 24171:Priestland, David 24162:978-0-69117-558-4 24139:978-1-31613-702-4 24113:978-0-69113-585-4 24083:978-0-19965-762-9 24057:978-0-81296-864-4 24035:978-1-31645-985-0 23928:978-0-75091-485-7 23919:Sutton Publishing 23902:978-1-472-52431-7 23874:978-1-137-37949-8 23822:978-1-31650-159-7 23791:978-0-226-27341-9 23723:978-0-531-02571-0 23669:978-0-451-52710-3 23650:Engels, Friedrich 23641:978-0-19-505454-5 23618:978-1-84467-954-6 23592:978-0-30010-649-7 23566:978-0-87451-678-4 23540:978-1-57958-390-3 23491:Library resources 23429:Wright, C. Wright 23416:978-0-19-520469-8 23389:Williams, Raymond 23307:978-0-87548-449-5 23281:978-0-7166-0108-1 23229:on 27 August 2018 23215:(November 1993), 23170:978-0-7453-9999-7 22929:978-0-8239-4517-7 22882:978-0-7614-2628-8 22836:SAGE Publications 22814:978-0-89608-693-7 22758:978-1-4422-3798-8 22697:978-0-19-955154-5 22524:978-1-58648-769-0 22242:Engels, Friedrich 22181:SAGE Publications 22136:978-0-631-21348-2 22117:Calhoun, Craig J. 22086:978-1-108-50935-0 22002:Bernstein, Eduard 21936:on 28 July 2011. 21789:Communist Vietnam 21752:Stéphane Courtois 21689:Genocide scholar 21508:Timothy D. Snyder 21498:Stéphane Courtois 21450:Steven Rosefielde 21400:Stéphane Courtois 21175:classless society 21167:utopian socialism 21139:far-left politics 20898:. 5 December 2011 20877:978-0-8223-6934-9 20823:Milanović, Branko 20619:Mackenbach (2012) 20477:978-0-691-16737-4 20266:978-0-231-14283-0 19945:Taras, Raymond C. 19893:. 26 October 2009 19796:Sullivan, Dylan; 19424:978-0-801-47273-2 19313:978-0-674-07608-2 19250:978-0-801-47273-2 19097:978-0-230-29778-4 19042:SAGE Publications 19007:978-0-8039-8829-3 18998:SAGE Publications 18962:978-0-8014-6717-2 18917:978-0-231-80046-4 18871:978-0-231-14282-3 18826:978-0-521-53854-1 18784:978-0-415-94430-4 18761:Charny, Israel W. 18671:978-0-415-66457-8 18633:978-0-415-68617-4 18570:on 5 January 2016 18462:978-0-8160-7565-2 18427:978-0-310-25421-8 18349:978-0-664-23393-8 18190:on 16 July 2011. 18169:on 28 July 2011. 17986:978-1-59986-218-7 17958:978-0-275-96151-0 17927:978-0-520-04798-3 17877:978-1-349-10369-0 17745:Rubel, Maximilien 17685:Anarchist Studies 17532:Varoufakis, Yanis 17353:978-0-9791813-6-8 17336:Pankhurst, Sylvia 17134:978-0-929087-30-6 17012:(May–June 1938). 16995:978-0-00-729166-3 16925:978-1-931859-19-6 16891:978-0-300-13724-8 16860:978-1-000-70651-2 16829:978-1-134-94783-6 16795:978-0-7486-0317-6 16763:978-0-929087-48-1 16729:978-1-78168-721-5 16645:978-90-04-26953-8 16614:978-0-87451-616-6 16516:Engels, Friedrich 16430:978-3-486-71173-8 16421:Oldenbourg Verlag 16012:La Liberté Speech 15944:978-0-85345-973-6 15797:Engels, Friedrich 15775:978-0-275-96370-5 15422:978-1-3500-8267-0 15203:978-90-04-26953-8 15145:SAGE Publications 15094:Engels, Friedrich 15083:. pp. 81–97. 15073:Engels, Friedrich 15015:978-0-415-19877-6 14928:978-0-415-24187-8 14878:Engels, Friedrich 14740:Ravallion, Martin 14688:. 17 April 2008. 14613:(14th ed.). 14404:, pp. 3–26; 14359:SAGE Publications 14349:Morlino, Leonardo 14322:978-1-349-16581-0 13680:978-0-333-71122-4 13621:978-0-19-534735-7 13346:978-0-230-54697-4 13291:978-0-511-61585-6 13072:978-0-465-09497-4 13041:978-0-19-884270-5 13014:978-0-631-19525-2 12983:978-1-349-05591-3 12939:978-0-7864-5647-5 12912:978-0-631-19525-2 12881:978-1-135-30787-5 12842:978-0-19-157088-9 12693:– via Gale. 12671:(December 1984). 12585:Marples, David R. 12487:Hammerton, J. A. 12229:. Santa Barbara: 12169:978-90-04-39477-3 12124:978-0-275-97748-1 12089:978-1-7979-5738-8 11962:. pp. 1–36. 11940:978-0-8129-6864-4 11848:Wilczynski (2008) 11701:978-0-275-96886-1 11672:978-0-19-069554-5 11617:978-0-275-96886-1 11509:Engels, Friedrich 11494:978-0-1952-0469-8 11469:Williams, Raymond 11408:978-0-1952-0469-8 11363:. Commoning Times 11335:978-0-292-71564-6 11318:(February 2014). 11316:Hodges, Donald C. 10898:978-0-415-77757-5 10820:, pp. 32–33. 10792:Paczkowski (2001) 10697:978-1-139-44663-1 10635:Marples, David R. 10594:, pp. 24–25. 10413:Wolff, Richard D. 10266:978-0-8444-1188-0 9893:978-1-4696-0867-9 9851:978-0-674-07608-2 9809:978-0-8986-2864-7 9716:978-1-4128-1401-0 9679:Hammerton, J. A. 9661:978-0-8047-7566-3 9576:978-1-931859-25-7 9515:Engels, Friedrich 9475:. pp. 98–137 9451:Engels, Friedrich 9342:978-2-035-82620-6 9311:978-1-136-57897-7 9135:. pp. 1–34. 9067:978-1-933116-44-0 8986:Bukharin, Nikolai 8943:Engels, Friedrich 8873:Bukharin, Nikolai 8827:978-0-7166-0108-1 8515:political freedom 8451:communist society 8419:Stéphane Courtois 8417:Some authors, as 8339:Memory and legacy 8264:'s Soviet Union, 8174:genocide scholars 7984:workers' councils 7937:anarcho-communism 7924:Anarcho-communism 7918:Anarcho-communism 7883:Marxist–Leninists 7766:workers' councils 7738:Council communism 7732:Council communism 7710:Raya Dunayevskaya 7706:Antonie Pannekoek 7702:social anarchists 7651:council communism 7558:Enrico Berlinguer 7514:Enrico Berlinguer 7342:socialist parties 7334:economic planning 7281:in opposition to 7203:natural resources 7199:productive forces 7195:industrialization 7154:1942 portrait of 7089:Nikita Khrushchev 7087:of Soviet leader 7064:forces. The term 7046:Rajani Palme Dutt 7032:was a variant of 7026:Communist parties 6994:industrialization 6970:Communist parties 6859:To the Rural Poor 6720: 6719: 6575:Right to petition 6083: 6082: 5924:Political ecology 5902:Marxian economics 4841:Council communism 4809: 4808: 4736:Neue Marx-Lektüre 4698:Regulation school 4587:Cultural analysis 4479:Lumpenproletariat 4422:Cultural hegemony 4412:Communist society 4402:Classless society 4337:Productive forces 4070:Guerrilla Warfare 3943:Theoretical works 3828:Marxian economics 3822:Marxian economics 3780:political economy 3714:private ownership 3641:productive forces 3604:classical Marxism 3588:communist society 3552:productive forces 3427:Marxist communism 3375:anarcho-communism 3313:social-democratic 3291:Fall of Communism 3231:Alma-Ata Protocol 3203:Mikhail Gorbachev 3153:Fulgencio Batista 3103:Sino-Soviet split 3091:Nikita Khrushchev 3061:Tito–Stalin split 2898:Nikita Khrushchev 2874:Chinese Civil War 2768:of 1936–1938 was 2726:bureaucratization 2690:Russian Civil War 2630:Marxist–Leninists 2550:Council communism 2538:liberal democracy 2362:, founder of the 2340:, founder of the 2256:French Revolution 2224:English Civil War 2007:Utopian socialism 1839:Communist parties 1803:productive forces 1748:liberal democrats 1588:hammer and sickle 1553:auteur communiste 1498:) and the suffix 1474:derives from the 1332:French Revolution 1304:French Revolution 1273:social revolution 1175:, and ultimately 1153:communist society 1118: 1117: 871:Hammer and sickle 356:Communist Parties 164:Stateless society 159:Social revolution 122:Communist society 92:Classless society 27918: 27906:Social anarchism 27891:Marxism–Leninism 27861:1770s neologisms 27758:Political ethics 27748:Machiavellianism 27688:Authoritarianism 27673: 27663: 27653: 27643: 27633: 27623: 27613: 27603: 27593: 27583: 27573: 27563: 27553: 27543: 27533: 27523: 27513: 27503: 27493: 27483: 27473: 27463: 26539: 26538: 26480: 26416: 26406:Balance of power 26380:Social democracy 26375:Social Darwinism 26350:Multiculturalism 26295:Environmentalism 26270:Communitarianism 25977: 25970: 25963: 25954: 25953: 25877:Internationalism 25808:Authoritarianism 25777:Social democracy 25671:Environmentalism 25634:Communitarianism 25494: 25487: 25480: 25471: 25470: 25457: 25456: 25445: 25444: 25443: 25348:Internationalism 25338:Communitarianism 24702:Communist League 24605:Common ownership 24574:World revolution 24524:Free association 24448: 24441: 24434: 24425: 24424: 24397: 24395: 24393: 24384:. Archived from 24365: 24357: 24315: 24307: 24292: 24266: 24243: 24217: 24192: 24166: 24143: 24117: 24087: 24061: 24039: 24000: 23977: 23954: 23950:978-184792-250-2 23932: 23906: 23878: 23852: 23826: 23799:Fürst, Juliane; 23795: 23764: 23754: 23727: 23707: 23673: 23645: 23622: 23596: 23570: 23544: 23529:(1st ed.). 23478: 23447:Wormack, Brantly 23442: 23424: 23396: 23384: 23361: 23311: 23285: 23266: 23264: 23237: 23236: 23234: 23208: 23181: 23179: 23177: 23158: 23143: 23108: 23106: 23104: 23071: 23048: 23042: 23040: 23008: 23002: 23000: 22968: 22933: 22920:Rosen Publishing 22910: 22908: 22906: 22886: 22863: 22822: 22793: 22791: 22789: 22774: 22762: 22739: 22711: 22701: 22678: 22635: 22633: 22631: 22615: 22591: 22578: 22536: 22509: 22508:. pp. 3–26. 22493: 22491: 22489: 22464:Ghodsee, Kristen 22459: 22448:. pp. 3–4. 22436:Ghodsee, Kristen 22431: 22421: 22386: 22373:Prometheus Books 22363: 22334: 22332: 22330: 22309: 22267: 22237: 22235: 22208: 22165: 22163: 22161: 22140: 22112: 22108:978-022407-879-5 22090: 22065: 22034: 22028: 22026: 21966: 21960: 21954: 21948: 21942: 21941: 21932:. Archived from 21926:Kropotkin, Peter 21922: 21916: 21914: 21911:, p. 2332: 21906: 21900: 21894: 21888: 21882: 21876: 21874: 21866: 21860: 21854: 21845: 21841: 21824: 21768: 21762: 21736:Alexander Dallin 21726: 21720: 21687: 21681: 21624: 21618: 21605:(Soviet Union), 21559: 21553: 21518: 21512: 21494: 21485: 21441:Stanley Hoffmann 21335: 21326: 21306:de-Stalinization 21276: 21267: 21250:Marxist–Leninist 21205: 21199: 21179:common ownership 21163: 21157: 21127: 21111: 21110: 21108: 21106: 21089: 21083: 21082: 21055: 21049: 21048: 21025:Ghodsee, Kristen 21021: 21015: 21014: 21012: 21010: 20995: 20989: 20988: 20986: 20984: 20969: 20963: 20962: 20960: 20958: 20940: 20934: 20933: 20931: 20929: 20914: 20908: 20907: 20905: 20903: 20888: 20882: 20881: 20863: 20857: 20856: 20819: 20813: 20812: 20788: 20782: 20781: 20779: 20777: 20760: 20754: 20753: 20728:(7): 1243–1254. 20711: 20705: 20704: 20702: 20700: 20689: 20683: 20682: 20680: 20678: 20665: 20631: 20625: 20604: 20598: 20597: 20570: 20564: 20563: 20539:Scheidel, Walter 20535: 20529: 20528: 20499:Ghodsee, Kristen 20495: 20486: 20485: 20454: 20448: 20447: 20422: 20416: 20415: 20394:Scheidel, Walter 20390: 20384: 20383: 20362:Scheidel, Walter 20358: 20352: 20351: 20349: 20347: 20330: 20324: 20323: 20277: 20271: 20270: 20249:Sémelin, Jacques 20241: 20232: 20231: 20217: 20215: 20200: 20182: 20176: 20175: 20173: 20171: 20154: 20148: 20147: 20123: 20117: 20116: 20102: 20092: 20066: 20060: 20059: 20057: 20029: 20023: 20022: 19994: 19988: 19987: 19973: 19967: 19966: 19941: 19935: 19934: 19909: 19903: 19902: 19900: 19898: 19883: 19872: 19871: 19855: 19849: 19848: 19846: 19844: 19829: 19823: 19822: 19816: 19814: 19793: 19787: 19774: 19768: 19767: 19765: 19763: 19738: 19729: 19723: 19710: 19709: 19707: 19705: 19690: 19681: 19680: 19675: 19673: 19653: 19647: 19646: 19637:(200): 557–559. 19626: 19620: 19614: 19608: 19607: 19597: 19595: 19568: 19562: 19561: 19535: 19529: 19523: 19517: 19516: 19490: 19484: 19483: 19454:(3). Cambridge: 19441: 19432: 19431: 19401: 19395: 19394: 19372: 19366: 19365: 19343: 19337: 19336: 19322: 19320: 19293: 19287: 19286: 19264: 19258: 19257: 19227: 19221: 19215: 19209: 19183: 19177: 19176: 19130: 19121: 19115: 19106: 19105: 19071: 19062: 19061: 19029: 19023: 19022: 19016: 19014: 18984: 18978: 18977: 18971: 18969: 18939: 18933: 18932: 18926: 18924: 18898:Sémelin, Jacques 18893: 18887: 18886: 18880: 18878: 18852:Sémelin, Jacques 18848: 18842: 18841: 18835: 18833: 18806: 18800: 18799: 18793: 18791: 18775:Psychology Press 18757: 18751: 18745: 18739: 18738: 18713: 18707: 18706: 18704: 18702: 18688:(18 May 2020a). 18682: 18676: 18675: 18644: 18638: 18637: 18601: 18595: 18589: 18580: 18579: 18577: 18575: 18566:. Archived from 18531: 18525: 18524: 18522: 18520: 18503: 18497: 18496: 18494: 18492: 18473: 18467: 18466: 18442: 18436: 18435: 18398: 18392: 18391: 18364: 18358: 18357: 18327: 18321: 18320: 18304: 18298: 18297: 18267: 18261: 18260: 18228: 18222: 18221: 18219: 18217: 18202: 18196: 18195: 18186:. Archived from 18180: 18174: 18173: 18165:. Archived from 18153: 18147: 18146: 18144: 18142: 18133:. Archived from 18122: 18116: 18115: 18114:on 28 July 2011. 18110:. Archived from 18098: 18092: 18091: 18073: 18067: 18066: 18064: 18062: 18053:. Archived from 18044: 18035: 18034: 18033:on 21 July 2011. 18029:. Archived from 18019: 18013: 18012: 18011:on 29 June 2011. 18007:. Archived from 17997: 17991: 17990: 17973: 17967: 17966: 17938: 17932: 17931: 17906: 17900: 17899: 17896:Internationalism 17888: 17882: 17881: 17851: 17845: 17844: 17842: 17840: 17825: 17819: 17818: 17816: 17814: 17808:www.marxists.org 17796: 17790: 17789: 17783: 17781: 17766:Pannekoek, Anton 17762: 17753: 17752: 17740: 17734: 17733: 17712: 17706: 17705: 17703: 17701: 17675: 17669: 17668: 17662: 17660: 17641: 17630: 17629: 17598: 17592: 17586: 17580: 17579: 17577: 17575: 17560: 17554: 17553: 17548: 17546: 17528: 17522: 17521: 17519: 17517: 17506: 17500: 17499: 17482: 17476: 17475: 17473: 17471: 17446: 17440: 17439: 17414: 17408: 17407: 17405: 17403: 17386: 17380: 17379: 17377: 17375: 17364: 17358: 17357: 17324: 17315: 17314: 17312: 17295: 17289: 17288: 17286: 17284: 17269: 17263: 17262: 17260: 17258: 17242: 17236: 17235: 17233: 17231: 17208: 17199: 17193: 17187: 17186: 17149:Meisner, Maurice 17145: 17139: 17138: 17114: 17108: 17107: 17105: 17103: 17094:. Archived from 17083: 17077: 17076: 17059: 17053: 17047: 17041: 17035: 17029: 17028: 17026: 17024: 17006: 17000: 16999: 16975: 16969: 16968: 16936: 16930: 16929: 16902: 16896: 16895: 16871: 16865: 16864: 16840: 16834: 16833: 16812:(7 March 2013). 16806: 16800: 16799: 16774: 16768: 16767: 16740: 16734: 16733: 16713: 16707: 16706: 16656: 16650: 16649: 16625: 16619: 16618: 16593: 16587: 16581: 16575: 16569: 16560: 16554: 16548: 16547: 16535: 16529: 16528: 16512: 16506: 16505: 16499: 16497: 16476: 16470: 16469: 16463: 16461: 16441: 16435: 16434: 16408: 16399: 16398: 16368: 16359: 16353: 16347: 16337: 16331: 16330: 16305: 16299: 16298: 16269: 16263: 16262: 16247: 16241: 16240: 16230: 16224: 16223: 16213: 16207: 16206: 16199: 16193: 16192: 16173: 16167: 16166: 16134: 16128: 16123: 16117: 16116: 16085:Political Theory 16076: 16070: 16067: 16061: 16060: 16036: 16030: 16029: 16021: 16015: 16008: 16002: 16001: 15993: 15987: 15986: 15979: 15973: 15968: 15962: 15955: 15949: 15948: 15928: 15922: 15921: 15894:. p. 1776. 15880: 15874: 15873: 15867: 15865: 15833: 15827: 15826: 15820: 15818: 15793: 15787: 15786: 15784: 15782: 15759: 15753: 15747: 15738: 15731: 15725: 15724: 15722: 15720: 15714: 15697: 15688: 15682: 15681: 15679: 15677: 15655: 15649: 15648: 15610: 15604: 15603: 15598: 15596: 15576: 15570: 15569: 15567: 15565: 15543: 15537: 15536: 15530: 15528: 15508: 15502: 15501: 15471: 15465: 15464: 15452: 15446: 15440: 15434: 15433: 15396: 15390: 15389: 15364: 15355: 15354: 15321: 15315: 15314: 15290: 15284: 15283: 15271: 15262: 15256: 15255: 15214: 15208: 15207: 15185: 15179: 15178: 15169: 15167: 15132: 15123: 15117: 15091: 15085: 15084: 15069: 15063: 15062: 15052: 15050: 15026: 15020: 15019: 14994: 14988: 14987: 14985: 14983: 14966: 14960: 14959: 14946: 14937: 14936: 14910: 14904: 14903: 14870: 14864: 14863: 14839: 14830:Resnick, Stephen 14822: 14813: 14807: 14794: 14793: 14779: 14770: 14764: 14763: 14761: 14759: 14750:. Archived from 14736: 14730: 14729: 14727: 14725: 14708: 14702: 14701: 14699: 14697: 14676: 14670: 14669: 14650:(3rd ed.). 14643: 14637: 14636: 14612: 14602: 14596: 14595: 14593: 14591: 14574: 14568: 14567: 14565: 14563: 14546: 14540: 14538: 14531: 14510: 14504: 14503: 14501: 14499: 14484: 14478: 14477: 14475: 14473: 14448: 14442: 14441: 14439: 14437: 14415: 14409: 14387: 14381: 14380: 14333: 14327: 14326: 14294: 14283: 14282: 14257: 14251: 14250: 14228: 14222: 14221: 14219: 14217: 14212:on 22 March 2012 14196: 14190: 14189: 14187: 14185: 14180:on 7 August 2012 14167: 14161: 14160: 14146: 14140: 14139: 14126: 14092: 14086: 14085: 14061: 14055: 14054: 14032: 14026: 14025: 13993: 13987: 13986: 13958: 13952: 13951: 13918: 13912: 13911: 13884: 13878: 13877: 13875: 13873: 13848: 13842: 13836: 13830: 13829: 13804: 13798: 13797: 13780: 13774: 13768: 13762: 13761: 13737: 13731: 13730: 13703: 13697: 13691: 13685: 13684: 13662: 13656: 13655: 13640: 13634: 13633: 13603: 13594: 13593: 13569: 13563: 13562: 13543: 13534: 13533: 13503: 13497: 13496: 13487:(4): 1203–1206. 13474: 13465: 13464: 13439: 13433: 13432: 13426: 13418: 13416: 13414: 13400: 13389: 13388: 13386: 13384: 13375: 13366: 13355: 13354: 13321: 13310: 13309: 13300: 13298: 13260: 13254: 13253: 13231: 13220: 13219: 13181: 13175: 13174: 13168: 13166: 13139: 13133: 13132: 13086: 13077: 13076: 13052: 13046: 13045: 13025: 13019: 13018: 12994: 12988: 12987: 12967: 12961: 12960: 12950: 12944: 12943: 12923: 12917: 12916: 12892: 12886: 12885: 12861: 12855: 12854: 12824: 12818: 12817: 12815: 12813: 12795: 12789: 12788: 12771: 12769: 12742: 12736: 12735: 12733: 12731: 12712: 12701: 12695: 12694: 12692: 12690: 12665: 12659: 12658: 12656:Quote at p. 493. 12626:(4). Cambridge: 12613: 12607: 12606: 12581: 12575: 12574: 12552: 12546: 12545: 12516: 12510: 12509: 12501: 12495: 12494: 12484: 12478: 12477: 12443: 12437: 12436: 12407:(3). Cambridge: 12396: 12390: 12384: 12378: 12377: 12375: 12373: 12357: 12351: 12350: 12348: 12346: 12327: 12321: 12320: 12291:(3). Cambridge: 12280: 12274: 12273: 12251: 12245: 12244: 12222: 12216: 12215: 12187: 12181: 12180: 12178: 12176: 12146: 12140: 12139: 12133: 12131: 12100: 12094: 12093: 12075: 12064: 12063: 12061: 12059: 12053: 12031:Yarshater, Ehsan 12027: 12021: 12020: 11988: 11982: 11981: 11951: 11945: 11944: 11933:. pp. 3–5. 11919: 11913: 11912: 11906: 11904: 11899:on 1 August 2019 11895:. Archived from 11872: 11866: 11845: 11839: 11838: 11803: 11794: 11793: 11763: 11754: 11753: 11734: 11728: 11727: 11716: 11710: 11709: 11694:. pp. 6–8. 11683: 11677: 11676: 11636: 11625: 11624: 11599: 11593: 11592: 11559: 11553: 11552: 11527: 11521: 11520: 11505: 11499: 11498: 11482: 11465: 11459: 11458: 11431: 11425: 11424: 11382: 11373: 11372: 11370: 11368: 11362: 11350: 11344: 11343: 11312: 11306: 11305: 11282: 11276: 11275: 11273: 11271: 11252: 11241: 11240: 11238: 11236: 11222: 11216: 11215: 11213: 11211: 11194: 11185: 11184: 11159: 11148: 11147: 11119: 11111:Ghodsee, Kristen 11107: 11096: 11084: 11082: 11080: 11060: 11054: 11053: 11051: 11049: 11018: 11006: 11000: 10999: 10997: 10995: 10975:(4): 1017–1049. 10964: 10958:(October 1993). 10948: 10942: 10941: 10913: 10907: 10906: 10875: 10869: 10863: 10857: 10856: 10831:Hoffman, Stanley 10827: 10821: 10815: 10806: 10781: 10772: 10766: 10749: 10748: 10720: 10708: 10702: 10701: 10690:. pp. 3–5. 10679: 10673: 10672: 10631: 10625: 10624: 10622: 10620: 10601: 10595: 10589: 10576: 10575: 10534:(6): 1143–1159. 10518: 10512: 10511: 10470: 10464: 10458: 10439: 10438: 10436: 10434: 10429:on 11 March 2018 10425:. Archived from 10415:(27 June 2015). 10409: 10403: 10390: 10377: 10376: 10341: 10332: 10326: 10315: 10314: 10292: 10286: 10285: 10283: 10281: 10275: 10254: 10243: 10237: 10236: 10234: 10232: 10212: 10206: 10205: 10203: 10201: 10169: 10163: 10162: 10160: 10158: 10135: 10129: 10128: 10126: 10124: 10115:(4): 1289–1305. 10098: 10092: 10091: 10089: 10087: 10081: 10073:Laviedesidees.fr 10070: 10064:(15 July 2009). 10057: 10051: 10050: 10028: 10022: 10021: 10019: 10017: 10008:. Archived from 9996: 9990: 9984: 9978: 9977: 9953: 9947: 9946: 9926: 9915: 9909: 9908: 9902: 9900: 9873: 9867: 9866: 9860: 9858: 9831: 9825: 9824: 9818: 9816: 9789: 9783: 9782: 9777: 9775: 9757: 9751: 9750: 9738: 9732: 9731: 9725: 9723: 9696: 9687: 9686: 9676: 9670: 9669: 9643: 9634: 9633: 9611: 9602: 9596: 9585: 9584: 9558: 9552: 9551: 9545: 9543: 9531:. Translated by 9511: 9505: 9495: 9489: 9488: 9482: 9480: 9447: 9441: 9440: 9394: 9388: 9387: 9373: 9364: 9358: 9357: 9351: 9349: 9322: 9316: 9315: 9304:. p. 1724. 9293: 9287: 9286: 9268: 9259: 9253: 9252: 9246: 9244: 9228: 9222: 9221: 9216: 9214: 9197: 9191: 9183: 9177: 9176: 9162: 9153: 9147: 9146: 9117: 9108: 9107: 9105: 9103: 9089: 9083: 9082: 9076: 9074: 9037: 9031: 9030: 9024: 9022: 9005:. Translated by 8998: 8982: 8976: 8975: 8965: 8963: 8955:. Translated by 8939: 8933: 8927: 8918: 8917: 8911: 8909: 8892:. Translated by 8885: 8869: 8863: 8862: 8838: 8832: 8831: 8811: 8805: 8804: 8802: 8800: 8782: 8687:Crypto-communism 8670: 8668:Communism portal 8665: 8664: 8663: 8627:authoritarianism 8607:Great Depression 8579:social democrats 8567:in the region." 8530:Branko Milanović 8498:Central European 8467:orthodox Marxism 8455:authoritarianism 8349:Communist states 8305:Eastern European 8277:George G. Watson 8254:Daniel Goldhagen 8190:excess mortality 8137:Operation Condor 8106:Ludwig von Mises 8065:Charles Ellicott 7972:direct democracy 7964:common ownership 7956:private property 7866:espoused by the 7864:Marxism–Leninism 7852:social democrats 7818:vanguard parties 7797:social democracy 7786:state capitalism 7778:central planning 7726:Yanis Varoufakis 7608:social democrats 7588:Marxism–Leninism 7478:tendencies like 7476:anti-revisionist 7474:, while certain 7468:de-Stalinization 7362:internationalism 7354:collectivisation 7295:two-stage theory 7293:rather than the 7291:world revolution 7268:Friedrich Engels 7226:Friedrich Engels 7222:state capitalism 7207:de-Stalinization 7187:public ownership 7179:central planning 7105:orthodox Marxism 7093:state capitalist 7081:anti-revisionism 7030:social democracy 7011:Marxist–Leninist 7002:Marxism–Leninism 6929:Marxism–Leninism 6923:Marxism–Leninism 6862: 6857:Vladimir Lenin, 6827: 6813:, are the same. 6811:communal society 6797: 6789:Friedrich Engels 6778:Friedrich Engels 6743:Friedrich Engels 6712: 6705: 6698: 6684: 6683: 6580:Right to protest 6530:Nomination rules 6085: 6084: 6075: 6068: 6061: 6045: 6044: 6033: 6032: 6031: 6021: 6020: 6019: 5998:Workers' council 5819:Race & Class 4726:Frankfurt School 4693:Neo-Gramscianism 4666:Marxism–Leninism 4648: 4647: 4592:Cultural Studies 4549:World revolution 4494:Private property 4035:Prison Notebooks 3935: 3912: 3911: 3893:state capitalist 3885:Friedrich Engels 3868:social ownership 3738:common ownership 3664:Marxist concepts 3657:orthodox Marxism 3653:economic systems 3632:Orthodox Marxism 3617:Marxism–Leninism 3592:common ownership 3576:social ownership 3517:state of affairs 3497:Friedrich Engels 3475:, to understand 3457:Friedrich Engels 3387:humanist Marxism 3301:Marxism–Leninism 3275:Republic of Cuba 3197:and created the 3195:Soviet republics 3127:social democracy 3095:de-Stalinization 2972:personality cult 2962:", most notably 2798:Nikolai Bukharin 2790:Grigory Zinoviev 2762:party discipline 2742:party discipline 2718:Right Opposition 2666:Communist states 2590:two-stage theory 2578:state capitalism 2574:Communist states 2566:socialist states 2534:social democrats 2403: 2356: 2334: 2268:Sylvain Maréchal 2230:ideals and that 2220:Eduard Bernstein 2177:common ownership 2125:Friedrich Engels 2092:religious orders 2090:communities and 2084:Christian Church 2082:In the medieval 2073:private property 2015:, the idea of a 1943:socialist states 1924:Alexander Dallin 1902:movement led by 1888:Marxism–Leninism 1880:Communist states 1835:Marxism–Leninism 1744:Wilhelm Weitling 1722:Friedrich Engels 1702:way of life. In 1598:design from the 1561: 1555: 1511: 1506:. Semantically, 1493: 1483: 1441:state capitalism 1422:authoritarianism 1376:social democracy 1356:Marxism–Leninism 1344:Sylvain Maréchal 1169:private property 1161:common ownership 1131: 1110: 1103: 1096: 1082: 1081: 1071: 1070: 1069: 976:Internationalism 966:Communitarianism 318:Communist League 217:Common ownership 184:World revolution 132:Free association 64: 41: 40: 25:Communitarianism 27926: 27925: 27921: 27920: 27919: 27917: 27916: 27915: 27871:Anti-capitalism 27846: 27845: 27844: 27839: 27826: 27815:Totalitarianism 27676: 27671: 27661: 27651: 27641: 27631: 27621: 27611: 27601: 27591: 27581: 27571: 27561: 27551: 27541: 27531: 27521: 27511: 27501: 27491: 27488:Treatise on Law 27481: 27471: 27461: 27441: 27099: 27093: 26832: 26826: 26712: 26706: 26625: 26528: 26514:State of nature 26509:Social contract 26489:Ordered liberty 26477:Noblesse oblige 26394: 26228: 26157: 25986: 25981: 25951: 25946: 25942:Totalitarianism 25796: 25599:Accelerationism 25590: 25503: 25498: 25468: 25463: 25451: 25441: 25439: 25431: 25306: 25275: 25233: 25155: 24777: 24726: 24688: 24624: 24595:Planned economy 24583: 24569:World communism 24544:Labour movement 24504:Communist state 24494:Communist party 24469:Anti-capitalism 24457: 24452: 24391: 24389: 24342:Wayback Machine 24302: 24299: 24289: 24263: 24240: 24222:Service, Robert 24214: 24189: 24163: 24140: 24128:. Vol. 1. 24114: 24098:, eds. (2010). 24096:Service, Robert 24084: 24058: 24036: 24024:. Vol. 2. 24014:Naimark, Norman 23974: 23951: 23943:. Bodley Head. 23929: 23911:Laybourn, Keith 23903: 23875: 23849: 23823: 23811:. Vol. 3. 23792: 23774:Furet, François 23724: 23670: 23642: 23619: 23593: 23567: 23541: 23521: 23520: 23519: 23499: 23498: 23494: 23487: 23485:Further reading 23482: 23481: 23475: 23417: 23377: 23308: 23282: 23269: 23232: 23230: 23201: 23175: 23173: 23171: 23156: 23140: 23120:. Vol. 1. 23102: 23100: 23068: 23038: 23036: 23034: 22998: 22996: 22994: 22930: 22904: 22902: 22883: 22815: 22805:South End Press 22787: 22785: 22783: 22772: 22759: 22709: 22698: 22629: 22627: 22612: 22589: 22525: 22487: 22485: 22456: 22383: 22371:. Amherst, NY: 22356: 22328: 22326: 22260:Aveling, Edward 22159: 22157: 22137: 22127:Wiley-Blackwell 22109: 22101:. Bodley Head. 22087: 22059: 22051:. p. 240. 22039:Bevins, Vincent 22024: 22022: 21995: 21981: 21975: 21970: 21969: 21961: 21957: 21949: 21945: 21923: 21919: 21912: 21907: 21903: 21895: 21891: 21883: 21879: 21872: 21867: 21863: 21855: 21848: 21842: 21838: 21833: 21828: 21827: 21821:Henry Kissinger 21769: 21765: 21727: 21723: 21688: 21684: 21663:as following a 21649:Final Solutions 21625: 21621: 21593:(North Korea), 21571:Gonzalo Thought 21560: 21556: 21519: 21515: 21495: 21488: 21412:totalitarianism 21340:Robert Conquest 21336: 21329: 21277: 21270: 21212:Communist party 21206: 21202: 21164: 21160: 21128: 21124: 21119: 21114: 21104: 21102: 21090: 21086: 21079: 21056: 21052: 21045: 21022: 21018: 21008: 21006: 20996: 20992: 20982: 20980: 20970: 20966: 20956: 20954: 20941: 20937: 20927: 20925: 20915: 20911: 20901: 20899: 20890: 20889: 20885: 20878: 20864: 20860: 20820: 20816: 20809: 20789: 20785: 20775: 20773: 20761: 20757: 20712: 20708: 20698: 20696: 20690: 20686: 20676: 20674: 20632: 20628: 20605: 20601: 20591: 20571: 20567: 20557: 20536: 20532: 20525: 20496: 20489: 20478: 20470:. p. 132. 20455: 20451: 20444: 20423: 20419: 20412: 20404:. p. 222. 20391: 20387: 20380: 20359: 20355: 20345: 20343: 20331: 20327: 20278: 20274: 20267: 20251:, eds. (2009). 20242: 20235: 20213: 20211: 20194: 20183: 20179: 20169: 20167: 20155: 20151: 20144: 20124: 20120: 20067: 20063: 20030: 20026: 19995: 19991: 19974: 19970: 19963: 19942: 19938: 19931: 19913:Bosteels, Bruno 19910: 19906: 19896: 19894: 19885: 19884: 19875: 19856: 19852: 19842: 19840: 19830: 19826: 19812: 19810: 19794: 19790: 19775: 19771: 19761: 19759: 19739: 19732: 19724: 19713: 19703: 19701: 19691: 19684: 19671: 19669: 19668:on 20 July 2011 19654: 19650: 19627: 19623: 19615: 19611: 19593: 19591: 19589: 19581:. p. 343. 19569: 19565: 19550: 19536: 19532: 19524: 19520: 19505: 19491: 19487: 19442: 19435: 19425: 19402: 19398: 19373: 19369: 19344: 19340: 19318: 19316: 19314: 19306:. p. xiv. 19294: 19290: 19283: 19265: 19261: 19251: 19228: 19224: 19216: 19212: 19194:Paczkowski 2001 19184: 19180: 19131: 19124: 19116: 19109: 19098: 19072: 19065: 19034:South East Asia 19030: 19026: 19012: 19010: 19008: 18985: 18981: 18967: 18965: 18963: 18940: 18936: 18922: 18920: 18918: 18894: 18890: 18876: 18874: 18872: 18849: 18845: 18831: 18829: 18827: 18807: 18803: 18789: 18787: 18785: 18758: 18754: 18746: 18742: 18735: 18714: 18710: 18700: 18698: 18686:Bevins, Vincent 18683: 18679: 18672: 18645: 18641: 18634: 18602: 18598: 18590: 18583: 18573: 18571: 18564: 18532: 18528: 18518: 18516: 18504: 18500: 18490: 18488: 18481: 18474: 18470: 18463: 18443: 18439: 18428: 18402:Guthrie, Donald 18399: 18395: 18365: 18361: 18350: 18342:. p. 120. 18328: 18324: 18305: 18301: 18286: 18268: 18264: 18229: 18225: 18215: 18213: 18203: 18199: 18182: 18181: 18177: 18154: 18150: 18140: 18138: 18124: 18123: 18119: 18102:Novatore, Renzo 18099: 18095: 18088: 18074: 18070: 18060: 18058: 18045: 18038: 18021: 18020: 18016: 17998: 17994: 17987: 17975: 17974: 17970: 17959: 17951:. p. 316. 17939: 17935: 17928: 17920:. p. 134. 17914:Italian Marxism 17907: 17903: 17890: 17889: 17885: 17878: 17852: 17848: 17838: 17836: 17829:Bordiga, Amadeo 17826: 17822: 17812: 17810: 17800:Bordiga, Amadeo 17797: 17793: 17779: 17777: 17763: 17756: 17741: 17737: 17730: 17713: 17709: 17699: 17697: 17676: 17672: 17658: 17656: 17642: 17633: 17599: 17595: 17587: 17583: 17573: 17571: 17569:The News Letter 17561: 17557: 17544: 17542: 17529: 17525: 17515: 17513: 17508: 17507: 17503: 17483: 17479: 17469: 17467: 17447: 17443: 17436: 17415: 17411: 17401: 17399: 17388: 17387: 17383: 17373: 17371: 17365: 17361: 17354: 17328:Gorter, Hermann 17325: 17318: 17310: 17298:Pierce, Wayne. 17296: 17292: 17282: 17280: 17273:"Eurocomunismo" 17271: 17270: 17266: 17256: 17254: 17243: 17239: 17229: 17227: 17226:on 28 July 2020 17210: 17209: 17202: 17194: 17190: 17146: 17142: 17135: 17115: 17111: 17101: 17099: 17084: 17080: 17060: 17056: 17048: 17044: 17036: 17032: 17022: 17020: 17007: 17003: 16996: 16988:. p. 284. 16976: 16972: 16937: 16933: 16926: 16918:. p. 191. 16916:Haymarket Books 16903: 16899: 16892: 16884:. p. 161. 16872: 16868: 16861: 16841: 16837: 16830: 16810:Eagleton, Terry 16807: 16803: 16796: 16788:. p. 227. 16778:Ticktin, Hillel 16775: 16771: 16764: 16756:. p. 218. 16741: 16737: 16730: 16714: 16710: 16657: 16653: 16646: 16626: 16622: 16615: 16594: 16590: 16582: 16578: 16570: 16563: 16555: 16551: 16536: 16532: 16513: 16509: 16495: 16493: 16477: 16473: 16459: 16457: 16442: 16438: 16431: 16409: 16402: 16369: 16362: 16354: 16350: 16338: 16334: 16324: 16316:. p. 169. 16306: 16302: 16270: 16266: 16256: 16248: 16244: 16231: 16227: 16215: 16214: 16210: 16201: 16200: 16196: 16185:Collected Works 16177:Lenin, Vladimir 16174: 16170: 16135: 16131: 16124: 16120: 16077: 16073: 16068: 16064: 16037: 16033: 16022: 16018: 16009: 16005: 15994: 15990: 15981: 15980: 15976: 15969: 15965: 15956: 15952: 15945: 15929: 15925: 15910: 15881: 15877: 15863: 15861: 15854: 15834: 15830: 15816: 15814: 15794: 15790: 15780: 15778: 15776: 15760: 15756: 15748: 15741: 15732: 15728: 15718: 15716: 15712: 15695: 15689: 15685: 15675: 15673: 15656: 15652: 15611: 15607: 15594: 15592: 15577: 15573: 15563: 15561: 15544: 15540: 15526: 15524: 15509: 15505: 15490: 15472: 15468: 15453: 15449: 15441: 15437: 15423: 15397: 15393: 15377:. p. 158. 15370:Reading Capital 15365: 15358: 15340: 15322: 15318: 15291: 15287: 15269: 15263: 15259: 15215: 15211: 15204: 15186: 15182: 15165: 15163: 15130: 15124: 15120: 15092: 15088: 15070: 15066: 15048: 15046: 15027: 15023: 15016: 14995: 14991: 14981: 14979: 14967: 14963: 14948: 14947: 14940: 14929: 14921:. p. 107. 14917:. Vol. 2. 14911: 14907: 14871: 14867: 14856: 14823: 14816: 14812:, p. 2332. 14808: 14797: 14777: 14771: 14767: 14757: 14755: 14754:on 1 March 2018 14737: 14733: 14723: 14721: 14709: 14705: 14695: 14693: 14678: 14677: 14673: 14662: 14654:. p. 415. 14644: 14640: 14629: 14603: 14599: 14589: 14587: 14576: 14575: 14571: 14561: 14559: 14548: 14547: 14543: 14536: 14518: 14511: 14507: 14497: 14495: 14486: 14485: 14481: 14471: 14469: 14449: 14445: 14435: 14433: 14425:New Left Review 14416: 14412: 14388: 14384: 14377: 14357:. Vol. 2. 14341:Badie, Bertrand 14334: 14330: 14323: 14305:Macmillan Press 14295: 14286: 14279: 14258: 14254: 14247: 14239:. p. 769. 14229: 14225: 14215: 14213: 14198: 14197: 14193: 14183: 14181: 14168: 14164: 14153: 14148: 14147: 14143: 14093: 14089: 14082: 14074:. p. 189. 14062: 14058: 14051: 14043:. p. 574. 14033: 14029: 14014: 14006:. p. 131. 13994: 13990: 13979: 13959: 13955: 13919: 13915: 13908: 13900:. p. 351. 13888:Fenby, Jonathan 13885: 13881: 13871: 13869: 13849: 13845: 13837: 13833: 13805: 13801: 13781: 13777: 13769: 13765: 13758: 13738: 13734: 13727: 13704: 13700: 13692: 13688: 13681: 13663: 13659: 13641: 13637: 13622: 13604: 13597: 13586: 13570: 13566: 13544: 13537: 13504: 13500: 13475: 13468: 13458: 13450:. p. 126. 13440: 13436: 13420: 13419: 13412: 13410: 13401: 13392: 13382: 13380: 13373: 13367: 13358: 13347: 13325:Ellman, Michael 13322: 13313: 13296: 13294: 13292: 13261: 13257: 13232: 13223: 13182: 13178: 13164: 13162: 13160: 13140: 13136: 13105:10.2307/2492782 13087: 13080: 13073: 13053: 13049: 13042: 13026: 13022: 13015: 13007:. p. 343. 12995: 12991: 12984: 12968: 12964: 12951: 12947: 12940: 12924: 12920: 12913: 12893: 12889: 12882: 12862: 12858: 12843: 12825: 12821: 12811: 12809: 12797: 12796: 12792: 12767: 12765: 12763: 12743: 12739: 12729: 12727: 12725: 12710: 12702: 12698: 12688: 12686: 12666: 12662: 12636:10.2307/2009334 12614: 12610: 12603: 12582: 12578: 12571: 12553: 12549: 12542: 12520:Hough, Jerry F. 12517: 12513: 12503: 12502: 12498: 12485: 12481: 12466:10.2307/2708927 12444: 12440: 12417:10.2307/3161310 12397: 12393: 12385: 12381: 12371: 12369: 12358: 12354: 12344: 12342: 12328: 12324: 12281: 12277: 12270: 12252: 12248: 12241: 12233:. p. 357. 12223: 12219: 12208: 12188: 12184: 12174: 12172: 12170: 12147: 12143: 12129: 12127: 12125: 12101: 12097: 12090: 12076: 12067: 12057: 12055: 12054:on 11 June 2008 12051: 12028: 12024: 12009:10.2307/4342653 11989: 11985: 11978: 11952: 11948: 11941: 11920: 11916: 11902: 11900: 11893: 11873: 11869: 11860:Williams (1983) 11846: 11842: 11827:10.2307/2697429 11804: 11797: 11764: 11757: 11735: 11731: 11718: 11717: 11713: 11702: 11684: 11680: 11673: 11637: 11628: 11618: 11600: 11596: 11589: 11560: 11556: 11549: 11531:Todorova, Maria 11528: 11524: 11506: 11502: 11495: 11466: 11462: 11435:Ely, Richard T. 11432: 11428: 11409: 11383: 11376: 11366: 11364: 11360: 11354:Nancy, Jean-Luc 11351: 11347: 11336: 11313: 11309: 11283: 11279: 11269: 11267: 11253: 11244: 11234: 11232: 11224: 11223: 11219: 11209: 11207: 11195: 11188: 11181: 11163:Neumayer, Laure 11160: 11151: 11117: 11108: 11099: 11078: 11076: 11064:Snyder, Timothy 11061: 11057: 11047: 11045: 11016: 11007: 11003: 10993: 10991: 10981:10.2307/2166597 10962: 10956:Zemskov, Viktor 10949: 10945: 10914: 10910: 10899: 10891:. p. xvi. 10876: 10872: 10866:Paczkowski 2001 10864: 10860: 10845:10.2307/1149284 10828: 10824: 10818:Paczkowski 2001 10816: 10809: 10782: 10775: 10767: 10752: 10718: 10712:Ellman, Michael 10709: 10705: 10698: 10680: 10676: 10632: 10628: 10618: 10616: 10602: 10598: 10590: 10579: 10519: 10515: 10471: 10467: 10459: 10442: 10432: 10430: 10410: 10406: 10391: 10380: 10345:Djilas, Milovan 10342: 10335: 10327: 10318: 10311: 10293: 10289: 10279: 10277: 10273: 10267: 10259:. p. 206. 10252: 10244: 10240: 10230: 10228: 10213: 10209: 10199: 10197: 10190: 10182:. p. 159. 10170: 10166: 10156: 10154: 10147:Radio Free Asia 10143: 10136: 10132: 10122: 10120: 10099: 10095: 10085: 10083: 10079: 10068: 10062:Shaoguang, Wang 10058: 10054: 10047: 10035:. Basingstoke: 10029: 10025: 10015: 10013: 9998: 9997: 9993: 9985: 9981: 9974: 9954: 9950: 9939: 9924: 9916: 9912: 9898: 9896: 9894: 9886:. p. xix. 9874: 9870: 9856: 9854: 9852: 9832: 9828: 9814: 9812: 9810: 9790: 9786: 9773: 9771: 9759: 9758: 9754: 9739: 9735: 9721: 9719: 9717: 9697: 9690: 9677: 9673: 9662: 9644: 9637: 9626: 9612: 9605: 9597: 9588: 9577: 9567:Haymarket Books 9559: 9555: 9541: 9539: 9512: 9508: 9496: 9492: 9478: 9476: 9448: 9444: 9395: 9391: 9371: 9365: 9361: 9347: 9345: 9343: 9323: 9319: 9312: 9294: 9290: 9266: 9260: 9256: 9242: 9240: 9230: 9229: 9225: 9212: 9210: 9209:. 15 April 2009 9199: 9198: 9194: 9189: 9184: 9180: 9160: 9154: 9150: 9143: 9118: 9111: 9101: 9099: 9091: 9090: 9086: 9079:SAGE Publishing 9072: 9070: 9068: 9038: 9034: 9020: 9018: 8996: 8983: 8979: 8961: 8959: 8940: 8936: 8928: 8921: 8907: 8905: 8883: 8870: 8866: 8839: 8835: 8828: 8813: 8812: 8808: 8798: 8796: 8783: 8748: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8711: 8666: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8643:labor movements 8639:Walter Scheidel 8611:Great Recession 8459:Walter Scheidel 8412:totalitarianism 8365:political right 8341: 8159:mortality rates 8155: 8145: 8090: 8085: 8029: 8023: 7996:Peter Kropotkin 7992:state socialism 7933:Peter Kropotkin 7926: 7920: 7915: 7876:second congress 7839: 7833: 7782:state socialism 7740: 7734: 7718:Maurice Brinton 7572: 7566: 7507: 7501: 7423: 7415:Main articles: 7413: 7401:planned economy 7338:democratization 7323:Left Opposition 7248: 7242: 7183:nationalization 7148: 7142: 7085:Khrushchev Thaw 7070:interwar period 6990:planned economy 6931: 6925: 6905:Communist party 6864: 6856: 6847: 6841: 6836: 6835: 6828: 6825: 6798: 6787: 6716: 6678: 6673: 6672: 6638: 6630: 6629: 6510:Majoritarianism 6470:Democratization 6405: 6397: 6396: 6131: 6121: 6090:Politics series 6079: 6039: 6029: 6027: 6017: 6015: 6003: 6002: 5976:Universal class 5867:Conflict theory 5847: 5839: 5838: 5814:New Left Review 5769: 5761: 5760: 4901: 4891: 4890: 4821: 4811: 4810: 4721:Budapest School 4645: 4644:Common variants 4637: 4636: 4567: 4559: 4558: 4524: 4514: 4513: 4417:Critical theory 4377: 4367: 4366: 4347:Surplus product 4275: 4265: 4264: 4225: 4215: 4214: 4080:Reading Capital 3945: 3909: 3901: 3876:state ownership 3872:nationalization 3864: 3856:Main articles: 3854: 3830: 3824: 3799:transhistorical 3784:social critique 3776: 3770: 3756:, based on the 3750:bourgeois state 3701:working classes 3681: 3673:Main articles: 3671: 3666: 3544:surplus product 3481:social conflict 3445: 3435: 3429: 3392:state ownership 3363: 3337:Nepali Congress 3249: 3243: 3171: 3165: 3053:Josip Broz Tito 3047:, Hungary, and 3015:in orange, and 3001: 2991: 2960:capitalist road 2870: 2825:'s invasion of 2816:. By 1947, the 2814:Berlin Blockade 2714:Left Opposition 2683: 2677:Communist state 2673: 2668: 2652:socialist state 2582:command economy 2410:. The moderate 2374: 2373: 2372: 2371: 2370: 2357: 2349: 2348: 2346:Bolshevik party 2335: 2324: 2318: 2288:Charles Fourier 2286:, in 1825, and 2232:Oliver Cromwell 2009: 1987: 1985:Early communism 1982: 1976: 1939:Communist state 1937:While the term 1900:political party 1860: 1580: 1469: 1457:mortality rates 1433:Communist state 1391:restrictions on 1265:economic system 1219:socialist state 1215:communist party 1114: 1076: 1075: 1067: 1065: 1060: 1059: 941: 933: 932: 908: 900: 899: 866: 856: 855: 784: 776: 775: 406: 396: 395: 351: 343: 342: 313: 303: 302: 247: 237: 236: 207:Planned economy 202: 194: 193: 179:World communism 154:Labour movement 138: 112:Communist state 102:Communist party 77:Anti-capitalism 72: 35: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 27924: 27914: 27913: 27908: 27903: 27898: 27893: 27888: 27883: 27878: 27873: 27868: 27863: 27858: 27841: 27840: 27838: 27837: 27831: 27828: 27827: 27825: 27824: 27817: 27812: 27807: 27805:Social justice 27802: 27797: 27792: 27787: 27782: 27781: 27780: 27775: 27770: 27760: 27755: 27750: 27745: 27740: 27735: 27730: 27725: 27720: 27715: 27713:Egalitarianism 27710: 27705: 27703:Contractualism 27700: 27695: 27690: 27684: 27682: 27678: 27677: 27675: 27674: 27664: 27654: 27644: 27634: 27624: 27614: 27604: 27594: 27584: 27574: 27564: 27554: 27544: 27534: 27524: 27514: 27504: 27494: 27484: 27474: 27464: 27453: 27451: 27447: 27446: 27443: 27442: 27440: 27439: 27434: 27429: 27424: 27419: 27414: 27409: 27404: 27399: 27394: 27389: 27384: 27379: 27374: 27369: 27364: 27359: 27354: 27349: 27344: 27339: 27334: 27329: 27324: 27319: 27314: 27309: 27304: 27299: 27294: 27289: 27284: 27279: 27274: 27269: 27264: 27259: 27254: 27249: 27244: 27239: 27234: 27229: 27224: 27219: 27214: 27209: 27204: 27199: 27194: 27189: 27184: 27179: 27174: 27169: 27164: 27159: 27154: 27149: 27144: 27139: 27134: 27129: 27124: 27119: 27114: 27109: 27103: 27101: 27095: 27094: 27092: 27091: 27086: 27081: 27076: 27071: 27066: 27061: 27056: 27051: 27046: 27041: 27036: 27031: 27026: 27021: 27016: 27011: 27006: 27001: 26996: 26991: 26986: 26981: 26976: 26971: 26970: 26969: 26959: 26954: 26953: 26952: 26942: 26937: 26932: 26927: 26922: 26917: 26912: 26907: 26902: 26897: 26892: 26887: 26882: 26877: 26872: 26867: 26862: 26857: 26852: 26847: 26842: 26836: 26834: 26828: 26827: 26825: 26824: 26819: 26814: 26809: 26804: 26799: 26794: 26789: 26784: 26779: 26774: 26769: 26768: 26767: 26757: 26752: 26747: 26742: 26737: 26732: 26727: 26722: 26716: 26714: 26708: 26707: 26705: 26704: 26699: 26694: 26689: 26684: 26679: 26674: 26669: 26664: 26659: 26654: 26649: 26644: 26639: 26633: 26631: 26627: 26626: 26624: 26623: 26618: 26613: 26608: 26603: 26598: 26597: 26596: 26586: 26581: 26576: 26571: 26566: 26561: 26556: 26551: 26545: 26543: 26536: 26530: 26529: 26527: 26526: 26521: 26516: 26511: 26506: 26501: 26499:Overton window 26496: 26491: 26486: 26481: 26472: 26467: 26462: 26457: 26452: 26447: 26442: 26437: 26432: 26427: 26422: 26417: 26408: 26402: 26400: 26396: 26395: 26393: 26392: 26387: 26382: 26377: 26372: 26367: 26362: 26357: 26352: 26347: 26342: 26337: 26332: 26330:Libertarianism 26327: 26322: 26317: 26312: 26307: 26302: 26297: 26292: 26287: 26282: 26277: 26272: 26267: 26262: 26257: 26252: 26247: 26242: 26236: 26234: 26230: 26229: 26227: 26226: 26221: 26216: 26211: 26206: 26201: 26196: 26191: 26186: 26181: 26176: 26171: 26165: 26163: 26159: 26158: 26156: 26155: 26150: 26145: 26140: 26135: 26130: 26125: 26120: 26115: 26110: 26105: 26100: 26095: 26090: 26085: 26080: 26075: 26070: 26065: 26060: 26055: 26050: 26045: 26040: 26035: 26030: 26025: 26020: 26015: 26010: 26005: 26000: 25994: 25992: 25988: 25987: 25980: 25979: 25972: 25965: 25957: 25948: 25947: 25945: 25944: 25939: 25934: 25929: 25924: 25919: 25914: 25909: 25904: 25899: 25894: 25889: 25884: 25879: 25874: 25869: 25864: 25859: 25854: 25849: 25848: 25847: 25842: 25837: 25827: 25822: 25817: 25816: 25815: 25804: 25802: 25798: 25797: 25795: 25794: 25789: 25784: 25779: 25774: 25773: 25772: 25767: 25757: 25752: 25751: 25750: 25740: 25735: 25730: 25728:Libertarianism 25725: 25720: 25715: 25710: 25705: 25703:Fundamentalism 25700: 25695: 25694: 25693: 25691:Third Position 25688: 25678: 25673: 25668: 25667: 25666: 25656: 25651: 25646: 25641: 25636: 25631: 25626: 25621: 25616: 25611: 25606: 25601: 25595: 25592: 25591: 25589: 25588: 25583: 25578: 25573: 25572: 25571: 25566: 25561: 25556: 25551: 25546: 25541: 25531: 25526: 25521: 25520: 25519: 25508: 25505: 25504: 25497: 25496: 25489: 25482: 25474: 25465: 25464: 25462: 25461: 25449: 25436: 25433: 25432: 25430: 25429: 25424: 25419: 25414: 25409: 25404: 25399: 25394: 25393: 25392: 25382: 25377: 25372: 25371: 25370: 25365: 25355: 25350: 25345: 25340: 25335: 25330: 25325: 25320: 25314: 25312: 25311:Related topics 25308: 25307: 25305: 25304: 25299: 25294: 25289: 25287:Anti-communism 25283: 25281: 25277: 25276: 25274: 25273: 25266: 25259: 25254: 25249: 25243: 25241: 25235: 25234: 25232: 25231: 25226: 25221: 25216: 25211: 25206: 25201: 25196: 25191: 25190: 25189: 25179: 25174: 25169: 25163: 25161: 25157: 25156: 25154: 25153: 25148: 25143: 25138: 25133: 25128: 25123: 25118: 25113: 25108: 25103: 25098: 25093: 25088: 25083: 25078: 25073: 25068: 25063: 25058: 25053: 25048: 25043: 25038: 25033: 25028: 25023: 25018: 25013: 25008: 25003: 24998: 24993: 24988: 24983: 24978: 24973: 24968: 24963: 24958: 24953: 24948: 24943: 24938: 24933: 24928: 24923: 24918: 24913: 24908: 24903: 24898: 24893: 24888: 24883: 24878: 24873: 24868: 24863: 24858: 24853: 24848: 24843: 24838: 24833: 24828: 24823: 24818: 24813: 24808: 24803: 24798: 24793: 24787: 24785: 24779: 24778: 24776: 24775: 24770: 24765: 24760: 24755: 24750: 24745: 24740: 24734: 24732: 24728: 24727: 24725: 24724: 24719: 24714: 24709: 24704: 24698: 24696: 24690: 24689: 24687: 24686: 24685: 24684: 24674: 24669: 24668: 24667: 24657: 24656: 24655: 24650: 24640: 24634: 24632: 24626: 24625: 24623: 24622: 24617: 24612: 24607: 24602: 24597: 24591: 24589: 24585: 24584: 24582: 24581: 24576: 24571: 24566: 24561: 24556: 24551: 24546: 24541: 24536: 24531: 24526: 24521: 24516: 24511: 24506: 24501: 24496: 24491: 24486: 24481: 24476: 24474:Class conflict 24471: 24465: 24463: 24459: 24458: 24451: 24450: 24443: 24436: 24428: 24422: 24421: 24416: 24411: 24388:on 9 July 2011 24377: 24367: 24349: 24327: 24317: 24298: 24297:External links 24295: 24294: 24293: 24287: 24279:Schocken Books 24267: 24261: 24244: 24238: 24218: 24212: 24193: 24187: 24167: 24161: 24144: 24138: 24118: 24112: 24088: 24082: 24062: 24056: 24044:Pipes, Richard 24040: 24034: 24010: 23978: 23972: 23955: 23949: 23933: 23927: 23907: 23901: 23879: 23873: 23853: 23848:978-3030549657 23847: 23827: 23821: 23796: 23790: 23770: 23745:(2): 172–191. 23728: 23722: 23709: 23674: 23668: 23646: 23640: 23623: 23617: 23597: 23591: 23571: 23565: 23545: 23539: 23518: 23517: 23512: 23507: 23501: 23500: 23489: 23488: 23486: 23483: 23480: 23479: 23473: 23443: 23425: 23415: 23385: 23376:978-0202362281 23375: 23362: 23312: 23306: 23286: 23280: 23267: 23238: 23209: 23200:978-0262182348 23199: 23193:. p. 14. 23182: 23169: 23144: 23138: 23109: 23072: 23066: 23049: 23045:Science Direct 23032: 23009: 23005:Science Direct 22992: 22969: 22934: 22928: 22911: 22887: 22881: 22864: 22823: 22813: 22794: 22781: 22763: 22757: 22740: 22722:(1): 110–126. 22702: 22696: 22679: 22653:(1): 191–201. 22636: 22616: 22610: 22583:Harff, Barbara 22579: 22567:10.2307/206491 22541:Harff, Barbara 22537: 22523: 22510: 22504:. Lanham, MD: 22494: 22460: 22455:978-1568588902 22454: 22432: 22404:(1): 309–332. 22387: 22382:978-1573920582 22381: 22364: 22354: 22335: 22311: 22284:(4): 627–648. 22268: 22238: 22209: 22166: 22154:Our Generation 22141: 22135: 22113: 22107: 22091: 22085: 22066: 22058:978-1541742406 22057: 22035: 21997: 21996: 21977:Main article: 21974: 21971: 21968: 21967: 21963:Ghodsee (2018) 21955: 21943: 21917: 21901: 21889: 21877: 21861: 21846: 21835: 21834: 21832: 21829: 21826: 21825: 21785:Operation Menu 21772:heavy industry 21763: 21721: 21716:Rudolph Rummel 21698:, such as the 21682: 21619: 21607:Prachanda Path 21554: 21513: 21486: 21423:anti-communist 21404:Rudolph Rummel 21378:'s China, and 21372:Michael Ellman 21327: 21268: 21218:, sociologist 21200: 21158: 21131:political left 21121: 21120: 21118: 21115: 21113: 21112: 21084: 21078:978-0197519646 21077: 21071:. p. 12. 21050: 21044:978-0822358350 21043: 21016: 20990: 20964: 20935: 20909: 20883: 20876: 20858: 20835:(2): 135–138. 20814: 20808:978-1108435055 20807: 20801:. p. 36. 20783: 20770:Cato Institute 20755: 20706: 20684: 20648:(6): 444–449. 20626: 20599: 20590:978-0226818399 20589: 20565: 20556:978-0691165028 20555: 20530: 20524:978-0197549247 20523: 20509:. p. 78. 20487: 20476: 20449: 20442: 20417: 20411:978-0691165028 20410: 20385: 20379:978-0691165028 20378: 20353: 20325: 20290:(2): 133–143. 20272: 20265: 20259:. p. 37. 20233: 20177: 20149: 20142: 20118: 20061: 20024: 20005:(2): 156–172. 19999:Memory Studies 19989: 19968: 19961: 19936: 19929: 19904: 19873: 19850: 19824: 19788: 19777:Bevins (2020b) 19769: 19730: 19711: 19682: 19648: 19621: 19617:Goldhagen 2009 19609: 19587: 19563: 19548: 19530: 19528:, p. 206. 19526:Goldhagen 2009 19518: 19503: 19485: 19447:World Politics 19433: 19423: 19417:. p. 66. 19396: 19367: 19356:(1): 167–181. 19349:Constellations 19338: 19312: 19288: 19281: 19259: 19249: 19243:. p. 91. 19222: 19210: 19178: 19122: 19107: 19096: 19063: 19024: 19006: 18979: 18961: 18934: 18916: 18888: 18870: 18843: 18825: 18801: 18783: 18765:Totten, Samuel 18752: 18740: 18734:978-1583679067 18733: 18727:. p. 87. 18717:Prashad, Vijay 18708: 18677: 18670: 18639: 18632: 18596: 18581: 18563:978-9004156913 18562: 18526: 18498: 18468: 18461: 18437: 18426: 18393: 18359: 18348: 18322: 18299: 18284: 18262: 18256:class conflict 18223: 18197: 18175: 18148: 18117: 18093: 18086: 18068: 18047:Price, Wayne. 18036: 18014: 17992: 17985: 17968: 17957: 17933: 17926: 17901: 17883: 17876: 17846: 17820: 17791: 17774:The New Review 17754: 17735: 17729:978-0792302742 17728: 17707: 17670: 17631: 17593: 17581: 17555: 17523: 17501: 17477: 17441: 17435:978-0230018969 17434: 17409: 17381: 17359: 17352: 17316: 17290: 17264: 17237: 17200: 17188: 17140: 17133: 17127:. p. ix. 17109: 17078: 17054: 17042: 17038:Patenaude 2017 17030: 17001: 16994: 16970: 16957:10.2307/131248 16931: 16924: 16897: 16890: 16866: 16859: 16835: 16828: 16822:. p. 20. 16801: 16794: 16769: 16762: 16735: 16728: 16708: 16651: 16644: 16620: 16613: 16588: 16586:, p. 193. 16584:Patenaude 2017 16576: 16574:, p. 199. 16572:Patenaude 2017 16561: 16549: 16542:. p. 16. 16530: 16507: 16471: 16436: 16429: 16400: 16381:(4): 563–582. 16360: 16348: 16332: 16323:978-0700716975 16322: 16300: 16264: 16242: 16225: 16208: 16194: 16168: 16149:(1): 112–122. 16129: 16118: 16091:(4): 537–556. 16071: 16062: 16031: 16016: 16003: 15988: 15974: 15963: 15950: 15943: 15923: 15908: 15875: 15853:978-0415255837 15852: 15828: 15788: 15774: 15754: 15739: 15726: 15683: 15650: 15629:10.1086/708005 15605: 15571: 15538: 15517:Sveriges Radio 15515:(in Swedish). 15503: 15488: 15466: 15459:(in Swedish). 15447: 15435: 15421: 15391: 15375:Verso Editions 15356: 15338: 15316: 15285: 15257: 15233:10.1086/708005 15209: 15202: 15180: 15118: 15086: 15064: 15030:Lukács, György 15021: 15014: 14989: 14961: 14938: 14927: 14905: 14865: 14855:978-0801834806 14854: 14826:Wolff, Richard 14814: 14795: 14765: 14731: 14703: 14671: 14660: 14638: 14627: 14597: 14569: 14541: 14505: 14479: 14443: 14410: 14398:Kaufman (2003) 14382: 14375: 14328: 14321: 14284: 14277: 14261:Georgakas, Dan 14252: 14245: 14223: 14191: 14162: 14141: 14087: 14081:978-1442236226 14080: 14056: 14050:978-1451654486 14049: 14027: 14013:978-1351393812 14012: 13988: 13978:978-0415339230 13977: 13971:. p. 96. 13953: 13922:Schram, Stuart 13913: 13907:978-0061661167 13906: 13879: 13843: 13831: 13808:Vogel, Ezra F. 13799: 13775: 13763: 13757:978-1400837625 13756: 13732: 13725: 13719:. p. 40. 13707:Gittings, John 13698: 13686: 13679: 13657: 13635: 13620: 13595: 13584: 13564: 13551:Foot, M. R. D. 13547:Davies, Norman 13535: 13522:10.2307/130963 13516:(4): 515–529. 13498: 13466: 13456: 13434: 13390: 13356: 13345: 13339:. p. 22. 13311: 13290: 13255: 13237:Soviet Studies 13221: 13194:(2): 202–227. 13176: 13158: 13134: 13099:(2): 314–319. 13078: 13071: 13047: 13040: 13020: 13013: 12989: 12982: 12962: 12945: 12938: 12918: 12911: 12905:. p. 21. 12887: 12880: 12856: 12841: 12835:. p. 18. 12831:. Oxford, UK: 12819: 12790: 12761: 12737: 12723: 12696: 12678:Monthly Review 12660: 12619:World Politics 12608: 12601: 12595:. p. 38. 12576: 12569: 12563:. p. 18. 12547: 12540: 12534:. p. 81. 12524:Fainsod, Merle 12511: 12496: 12479: 12438: 12401:Church History 12391: 12387:Bernstein 1895 12379: 12352: 12322: 12301:10.2307/459753 12275: 12268: 12262:. p. 46. 12246: 12239: 12217: 12206: 12200:. p. 17. 12182: 12168: 12162:. p. 12. 12141: 12123: 12117:. p. 33. 12095: 12088: 12065: 12022: 11983: 11976: 11946: 11939: 11923:Pipes, Richard 11914: 11892:978-0801480072 11891: 11867: 11858:, p. 14; 11850:, p. 21; 11840: 11795: 11755: 11729: 11711: 11700: 11678: 11671: 11626: 11616: 11594: 11587: 11563:Gildea, Robert 11554: 11547: 11522: 11519:. p. 202. 11500: 11493: 11460: 11426: 11407: 11374: 11345: 11334: 11307: 11296:(1): 143–148. 11277: 11261:Culture Online 11242: 11217: 11186: 11179: 11149: 11130:(2): 115–142. 11097: 11055: 11029:(2): 340–342. 11012:(March 1999). 11001: 10952:Getty, J. Arch 10943: 10908: 10897: 10870: 10858: 10836:Foreign Policy 10822: 10807: 10788:Hiroaki (2001) 10773: 10750: 10703: 10696: 10674: 10647:(3): 505–518. 10626: 10605:Getty, J. Arch 10596: 10577: 10513: 10486:(2): 315–345. 10465: 10440: 10404: 10393:Chomsky (1986) 10378: 10333: 10316: 10310:978-0786463442 10309: 10303:. p. 31. 10287: 10265: 10238: 10207: 10188: 10164: 10130: 10093: 10052: 10046:978-3319325668 10045: 10023: 9991: 9979: 9972: 9948: 9937: 9910: 9892: 9868: 9850: 9826: 9808: 9800:Guilford Press 9784: 9761:"IV. Glossary" 9752: 9733: 9715: 9709:. p. 71. 9688: 9671: 9660: 9654:. p. 20. 9635: 9624: 9603: 9586: 9575: 9569:. p. 23. 9553: 9506: 9490: 9442: 9389: 9359: 9341: 9317: 9310: 9288: 9254: 9237:Dictionary.com 9232:"Radical left" 9223: 9192: 9178: 9148: 9141: 9109: 9084: 9066: 9032: 8977: 8934: 8919: 8864: 8833: 8826: 8806: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8732: 8725: 8717: 8716: 8715: 8710: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8679: 8673: 8672: 8671: 8655: 8652: 8647:welfare states 8621:) because the 8603:hyperinflation 8595:climate change 8507:GDP per capita 8503:Cato Institute 8407:Jonathan Rauch 8387:Memory studies 8361:anti-communism 8340: 8337: 8333:Western Europe 8329:OSCE in Europe 8313:European Union 8279:, allege that 8268:'s China, and 8144: 8141: 8131:, such as the 8116:Anti-communism 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8077:Kingdom of God 8069:Donald Guthrie 8025:Main article: 8022: 8019: 7922:Main article: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7907:Amadeo Bordiga 7872:first congress 7837:Left communism 7835:Main article: 7832: 7831:Left communism 7829: 7827:on the other. 7814:social reforms 7747:Rosa Luxemburg 7736:Main article: 7733: 7730: 7690:Freudo-Marxism 7584:left communism 7568:Main article: 7565: 7562: 7503:Main article: 7500: 7497: 7412: 7409: 7360:and socialist 7336:, mass soviet 7244:Main article: 7241: 7238: 7193:, accelerated 7144:Main article: 7141: 7138: 7066:social fascist 7048:, stated that 7022:Social fascism 7015:Communist bloc 6938:Vladimir Lenin 6927:Main article: 6924: 6921: 6892:Russian Empire 6880:vanguard party 6872:Vladimir Lenin 6870:revolutionary 6848: 6843:Main article: 6840: 6837: 6826:Robert Meister 6823: 6785: 6723:Marxist theory 6718: 6717: 6715: 6714: 6707: 6700: 6692: 6689: 6688: 6675: 6674: 6671: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6639: 6636: 6635: 6632: 6631: 6628: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6615:War referendum 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6505:Libertarianism 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6406: 6404:Related topics 6403: 6402: 6399: 6398: 6395: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6338: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6307: 6305:Representative 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6132: 6127: 6126: 6123: 6122: 6120: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6103: 6100: 6099: 6093: 6092: 6081: 6080: 6078: 6077: 6070: 6063: 6055: 6052: 6051: 6050: 6049: 6037: 6025: 6013: 6005: 6004: 6001: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5989: 5988: 5981:Vulgar Marxism 5978: 5973: 5968: 5967: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5915: 5914: 5909: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5848: 5846:Related topics 5845: 5844: 5841: 5840: 5837: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5809:Monthly Review 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5789:Constellations 5786: 5781: 5776: 5770: 5767: 5766: 5763: 5762: 5759: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4902: 4897: 4896: 4893: 4892: 4889: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4822: 4819:Other variants 4817: 4816: 4813: 4812: 4807: 4806: 4805: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4761: 4760: 4756: 4755: 4754: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4715: 4714: 4708: 4707: 4706: 4705: 4703:Third-worldist 4700: 4695: 4690: 4689: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4663: 4655: 4654: 4646: 4643: 4642: 4639: 4638: 4635: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4612:Historiography 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4568: 4565: 4564: 4561: 4560: 4557: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4529:Class struggle 4525: 4520: 4519: 4516: 4515: 4512: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4484:Metabolic rift 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4450: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4378: 4373: 4372: 4369: 4368: 4365: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4333: 4332: 4327: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4276: 4271: 4270: 4267: 4266: 4263: 4262: 4260:Marxist ethics 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4226: 4221: 4220: 4217: 4216: 4213: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4100:Ways of Seeing 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3946: 3941: 3940: 3937: 3936: 3928: 3927: 3921: 3920: 3910: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3853: 3850: 3826:Main article: 3823: 3820: 3772:Main article: 3769: 3766: 3675:Class conflict 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3538:that owns the 3505:Marxist theory 3479:relations and 3431:Main article: 3428: 3425: 3421:Vladimir Lenin 3362: 3359: 3296:neo-Stalinists 3242: 3239: 3164: 3161: 3037:Czechoslovakia 2990: 2987: 2943:class struggle 2915:Dwight Perkins 2888:headed by the 2869: 2866: 2858:anti-communist 2847:Western Europe 2698:strike actions 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2602:exchange-value 2554:left communism 2401:arche générale 2395:Russian Empire 2382:Vladimir Lenin 2358: 2351: 2350: 2338:Vladimir Lenin 2336: 2329: 2328: 2327: 2326: 2325: 2317: 2314: 2282:, who founded 2201:Vladimir Lenin 2165:. In his 1516 2113:Thomas Müntzer 2077:religious text 2025:ancient Greece 1986: 1983: 1978:Main article: 1975: 1972: 1859: 1856: 1795:Vladimir Lenin 1750:looked to the 1742:in France and 1717:communion rite 1690:. In European 1622:associationism 1579: 1576: 1544:Victor d'Hupay 1468: 1465: 1449:anti-communism 1383:one-party rule 1173:social classes 1134:sociopolitical 1116: 1115: 1113: 1112: 1105: 1098: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1062: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1021: 1020: 1010: 1005: 1000: 999: 998: 993: 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 942: 939: 938: 935: 934: 931: 930: 925: 920: 915: 913:Anti-communism 909: 907:Criticism 906: 905: 902: 901: 898: 897: 890: 883: 878: 873: 867: 862: 861: 858: 857: 854: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 813: 812: 811: 801: 796: 791: 785: 782: 781: 778: 777: 774: 773: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 708: 703: 698: 693: 688: 683: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 463: 458: 453: 448: 443: 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 407: 402: 401: 398: 397: 394: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 363: 358: 352: 349: 348: 345: 344: 341: 340: 335: 330: 325: 320: 314: 309: 308: 305: 304: 301: 300: 299: 298: 288: 283: 282: 281: 271: 270: 269: 264: 254: 248: 243: 242: 239: 238: 235: 234: 229: 224: 219: 214: 209: 203: 200: 199: 196: 195: 192: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 134: 129: 124: 119: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 82:Class conflict 79: 73: 70: 69: 66: 65: 57: 56: 50: 49: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 27923: 27912: 27909: 27907: 27904: 27902: 27899: 27897: 27894: 27892: 27889: 27887: 27884: 27882: 27879: 27877: 27874: 27872: 27869: 27867: 27864: 27862: 27859: 27857: 27854: 27853: 27851: 27836: 27833: 27832: 27829: 27823: 27822: 27818: 27816: 27813: 27811: 27808: 27806: 27803: 27801: 27798: 27796: 27793: 27791: 27788: 27786: 27783: 27779: 27776: 27774: 27771: 27769: 27766: 27765: 27764: 27761: 27759: 27756: 27754: 27751: 27749: 27746: 27744: 27741: 27739: 27738:Jurisprudence 27736: 27734: 27731: 27729: 27726: 27724: 27721: 27719: 27716: 27714: 27711: 27709: 27706: 27704: 27701: 27699: 27696: 27694: 27691: 27689: 27686: 27685: 27683: 27679: 27670: 27669: 27665: 27660: 27659: 27655: 27650: 27649: 27645: 27640: 27639: 27635: 27630: 27629: 27625: 27620: 27619: 27615: 27610: 27609: 27605: 27600: 27599: 27595: 27590: 27589: 27585: 27580: 27579: 27575: 27570: 27569: 27568:Rights of Man 27565: 27560: 27559: 27555: 27550: 27549: 27545: 27540: 27539: 27535: 27530: 27529: 27525: 27520: 27519: 27515: 27510: 27509: 27505: 27500: 27499: 27495: 27490: 27489: 27485: 27480: 27479: 27478:De re publica 27475: 27470: 27469: 27465: 27460: 27459: 27455: 27454: 27452: 27448: 27438: 27435: 27433: 27430: 27428: 27425: 27423: 27420: 27418: 27415: 27413: 27410: 27408: 27405: 27403: 27400: 27398: 27395: 27393: 27390: 27388: 27385: 27383: 27380: 27378: 27375: 27373: 27370: 27368: 27365: 27363: 27360: 27358: 27355: 27353: 27350: 27348: 27345: 27343: 27340: 27338: 27335: 27333: 27330: 27328: 27325: 27323: 27320: 27318: 27315: 27313: 27310: 27308: 27305: 27303: 27300: 27298: 27295: 27293: 27290: 27288: 27285: 27283: 27280: 27278: 27275: 27273: 27270: 27268: 27265: 27263: 27260: 27258: 27255: 27253: 27250: 27248: 27245: 27243: 27240: 27238: 27235: 27233: 27230: 27228: 27225: 27223: 27220: 27218: 27215: 27213: 27210: 27208: 27205: 27203: 27200: 27198: 27195: 27193: 27190: 27188: 27185: 27183: 27180: 27178: 27175: 27173: 27170: 27168: 27165: 27163: 27160: 27158: 27155: 27153: 27150: 27148: 27145: 27143: 27140: 27138: 27135: 27133: 27130: 27128: 27125: 27123: 27120: 27118: 27115: 27113: 27110: 27108: 27105: 27104: 27102: 27098:20th and 21st 27096: 27090: 27087: 27085: 27082: 27080: 27077: 27075: 27072: 27070: 27067: 27065: 27062: 27060: 27057: 27055: 27052: 27050: 27047: 27045: 27042: 27040: 27037: 27035: 27032: 27030: 27027: 27025: 27022: 27020: 27017: 27015: 27012: 27010: 27007: 27005: 27002: 27000: 26997: 26995: 26992: 26990: 26987: 26985: 26982: 26980: 26977: 26975: 26972: 26968: 26965: 26964: 26963: 26960: 26958: 26955: 26951: 26948: 26947: 26946: 26943: 26941: 26938: 26936: 26933: 26931: 26928: 26926: 26923: 26921: 26918: 26916: 26913: 26911: 26908: 26906: 26903: 26901: 26898: 26896: 26893: 26891: 26888: 26886: 26883: 26881: 26878: 26876: 26873: 26871: 26868: 26866: 26863: 26861: 26858: 26856: 26853: 26851: 26848: 26846: 26843: 26841: 26838: 26837: 26835: 26831:18th and 19th 26829: 26823: 26820: 26818: 26815: 26813: 26810: 26808: 26805: 26803: 26800: 26798: 26795: 26793: 26790: 26788: 26785: 26783: 26780: 26778: 26775: 26773: 26770: 26766: 26763: 26762: 26761: 26758: 26756: 26753: 26751: 26748: 26746: 26743: 26741: 26738: 26736: 26733: 26731: 26728: 26726: 26723: 26721: 26718: 26717: 26715: 26709: 26703: 26700: 26698: 26695: 26693: 26690: 26688: 26687:Nizam al-Mulk 26685: 26683: 26680: 26678: 26675: 26673: 26670: 26668: 26665: 26663: 26660: 26658: 26655: 26653: 26650: 26648: 26645: 26643: 26640: 26638: 26635: 26634: 26632: 26628: 26622: 26619: 26617: 26614: 26612: 26609: 26607: 26604: 26602: 26599: 26595: 26592: 26591: 26590: 26587: 26585: 26582: 26580: 26577: 26575: 26572: 26570: 26567: 26565: 26562: 26560: 26557: 26555: 26552: 26550: 26547: 26546: 26544: 26540: 26537: 26535: 26531: 26525: 26522: 26520: 26517: 26515: 26512: 26510: 26507: 26505: 26502: 26500: 26497: 26495: 26492: 26490: 26487: 26485: 26482: 26479: 26478: 26473: 26471: 26468: 26466: 26463: 26461: 26458: 26456: 26453: 26451: 26448: 26446: 26443: 26441: 26438: 26436: 26433: 26431: 26428: 26426: 26423: 26421: 26418: 26415: 26414: 26409: 26407: 26404: 26403: 26401: 26397: 26391: 26388: 26386: 26383: 26381: 26378: 26376: 26373: 26371: 26370:Republicanism 26368: 26366: 26363: 26361: 26358: 26356: 26353: 26351: 26348: 26346: 26343: 26341: 26338: 26336: 26333: 26331: 26328: 26326: 26323: 26321: 26318: 26316: 26313: 26311: 26308: 26306: 26303: 26301: 26298: 26296: 26293: 26291: 26288: 26286: 26283: 26281: 26278: 26276: 26273: 26271: 26268: 26266: 26263: 26261: 26258: 26256: 26253: 26251: 26248: 26246: 26243: 26241: 26238: 26237: 26235: 26231: 26225: 26222: 26220: 26217: 26215: 26212: 26210: 26207: 26205: 26202: 26200: 26197: 26195: 26192: 26190: 26187: 26185: 26182: 26180: 26177: 26175: 26172: 26170: 26167: 26166: 26164: 26160: 26154: 26151: 26149: 26146: 26144: 26141: 26139: 26136: 26134: 26131: 26129: 26126: 26124: 26121: 26119: 26116: 26114: 26111: 26109: 26106: 26104: 26101: 26099: 26096: 26094: 26091: 26089: 26086: 26084: 26081: 26079: 26076: 26074: 26071: 26069: 26066: 26064: 26061: 26059: 26056: 26054: 26051: 26049: 26046: 26044: 26041: 26039: 26036: 26034: 26031: 26029: 26026: 26024: 26021: 26019: 26016: 26014: 26011: 26009: 26006: 26004: 26001: 25999: 25996: 25995: 25993: 25989: 25985: 25978: 25973: 25971: 25966: 25964: 25959: 25958: 25955: 25943: 25940: 25938: 25935: 25933: 25930: 25928: 25925: 25923: 25920: 25918: 25915: 25913: 25912:Progressivism 25910: 25908: 25905: 25903: 25900: 25898: 25895: 25893: 25890: 25888: 25885: 25883: 25880: 25878: 25875: 25873: 25872:Individualism 25870: 25868: 25865: 25863: 25860: 25858: 25855: 25853: 25850: 25846: 25843: 25841: 25838: 25836: 25833: 25832: 25831: 25828: 25826: 25823: 25821: 25818: 25814: 25811: 25810: 25809: 25806: 25805: 25803: 25799: 25793: 25790: 25788: 25785: 25783: 25780: 25778: 25775: 25771: 25768: 25766: 25763: 25762: 25761: 25760:Republicanism 25758: 25756: 25753: 25749: 25746: 25745: 25744: 25741: 25739: 25736: 25734: 25731: 25729: 25726: 25724: 25721: 25719: 25716: 25714: 25711: 25709: 25706: 25704: 25701: 25699: 25696: 25692: 25689: 25687: 25684: 25683: 25682: 25679: 25677: 25674: 25672: 25669: 25665: 25664:Social credit 25662: 25661: 25660: 25657: 25655: 25652: 25650: 25647: 25645: 25642: 25640: 25637: 25635: 25632: 25630: 25627: 25625: 25622: 25620: 25617: 25615: 25612: 25610: 25607: 25605: 25602: 25600: 25597: 25596: 25593: 25587: 25586:Revolutionary 25584: 25582: 25579: 25577: 25574: 25570: 25567: 25565: 25562: 25560: 25557: 25555: 25552: 25550: 25547: 25545: 25542: 25540: 25537: 25536: 25535: 25532: 25530: 25527: 25525: 25522: 25518: 25515: 25514: 25513: 25510: 25509: 25506: 25502: 25495: 25490: 25488: 25483: 25481: 25476: 25475: 25472: 25460: 25455: 25450: 25448: 25438: 25437: 25434: 25428: 25425: 25423: 25422:War communism 25420: 25418: 25415: 25413: 25410: 25408: 25405: 25403: 25400: 25398: 25395: 25391: 25388: 25387: 25386: 25383: 25381: 25378: 25376: 25373: 25369: 25366: 25364: 25361: 25360: 25359: 25356: 25354: 25351: 25349: 25346: 25344: 25341: 25339: 25336: 25334: 25331: 25329: 25326: 25324: 25321: 25319: 25316: 25315: 25313: 25309: 25303: 25300: 25298: 25295: 25293: 25290: 25288: 25285: 25284: 25282: 25278: 25271: 25267: 25264: 25260: 25258: 25255: 25253: 25250: 25248: 25245: 25244: 25242: 25240: 25236: 25230: 25227: 25225: 25222: 25220: 25217: 25215: 25212: 25210: 25207: 25205: 25202: 25200: 25197: 25195: 25192: 25188: 25185: 25184: 25183: 25180: 25178: 25175: 25173: 25170: 25168: 25165: 25164: 25162: 25158: 25152: 25149: 25147: 25146:Moufawad-Paul 25144: 25142: 25139: 25137: 25134: 25132: 25129: 25127: 25124: 25122: 25119: 25117: 25114: 25112: 25109: 25107: 25104: 25102: 25099: 25097: 25094: 25092: 25089: 25087: 25084: 25082: 25079: 25077: 25074: 25072: 25069: 25067: 25064: 25062: 25059: 25057: 25054: 25052: 25049: 25047: 25044: 25042: 25039: 25037: 25034: 25032: 25029: 25027: 25024: 25022: 25019: 25017: 25014: 25012: 25009: 25007: 25004: 25002: 24999: 24997: 24994: 24992: 24989: 24987: 24984: 24982: 24979: 24977: 24974: 24972: 24969: 24967: 24964: 24962: 24959: 24957: 24954: 24952: 24949: 24947: 24944: 24942: 24939: 24937: 24934: 24932: 24929: 24927: 24924: 24922: 24919: 24917: 24914: 24912: 24909: 24907: 24904: 24902: 24899: 24897: 24894: 24892: 24889: 24887: 24884: 24882: 24879: 24877: 24874: 24872: 24869: 24867: 24864: 24862: 24859: 24857: 24854: 24852: 24849: 24847: 24844: 24842: 24839: 24837: 24834: 24832: 24829: 24827: 24824: 24822: 24819: 24817: 24814: 24812: 24809: 24807: 24804: 24802: 24799: 24797: 24794: 24792: 24789: 24788: 24786: 24784: 24780: 24774: 24771: 24769: 24766: 24764: 24761: 24759: 24756: 24754: 24751: 24749: 24746: 24744: 24741: 24739: 24736: 24735: 24733: 24731:Organisations 24729: 24723: 24720: 24718: 24715: 24713: 24710: 24708: 24705: 24703: 24700: 24699: 24697: 24695: 24691: 24683: 24680: 24679: 24678: 24675: 24673: 24670: 24666: 24663: 24662: 24661: 24658: 24654: 24651: 24649: 24646: 24645: 24644: 24641: 24639: 24636: 24635: 24633: 24631: 24627: 24621: 24618: 24616: 24613: 24611: 24608: 24606: 24603: 24601: 24598: 24596: 24593: 24592: 24590: 24586: 24580: 24577: 24575: 24572: 24570: 24567: 24565: 24562: 24560: 24557: 24555: 24552: 24550: 24547: 24545: 24542: 24540: 24537: 24535: 24532: 24530: 24527: 24525: 24522: 24520: 24517: 24515: 24512: 24510: 24507: 24505: 24502: 24500: 24497: 24495: 24492: 24490: 24487: 24485: 24482: 24480: 24477: 24475: 24472: 24470: 24467: 24466: 24464: 24460: 24456: 24449: 24444: 24442: 24437: 24435: 24430: 24429: 24426: 24420: 24417: 24415: 24412: 24409: 24405: 24401: 24387: 24383: 24378: 24375: 24371: 24368: 24363: 24362: 24356: 24350: 24347: 24343: 24339: 24335: 24331: 24328: 24325: 24321: 24318: 24313: 24312: 24306: 24301: 24300: 24290: 24284: 24280: 24276: 24272: 24268: 24264: 24258: 24254: 24250: 24245: 24241: 24235: 24231: 24227: 24223: 24219: 24215: 24209: 24205: 24201: 24200: 24194: 24190: 24184: 24180: 24176: 24172: 24168: 24164: 24158: 24154: 24150: 24145: 24141: 24135: 24131: 24127: 24123: 24119: 24115: 24109: 24105: 24101: 24097: 24093: 24089: 24085: 24079: 24075: 24071: 24067: 24063: 24059: 24053: 24049: 24045: 24041: 24037: 24031: 24027: 24023: 24019: 24015: 24011: 24008: 24004: 23998: 23994: 23990: 23986: 23985: 23979: 23975: 23973:0-333-48586-6 23969: 23965: 23961: 23956: 23952: 23946: 23942: 23938: 23937:Lovell, Julia 23934: 23930: 23924: 23920: 23916: 23912: 23908: 23904: 23898: 23894: 23890: 23889: 23884: 23883:Henry, Michel 23880: 23876: 23870: 23866: 23862: 23858: 23857:Gregor, A. J. 23854: 23850: 23844: 23840: 23836: 23832: 23828: 23824: 23818: 23814: 23810: 23806: 23802: 23797: 23793: 23787: 23783: 23779: 23775: 23771: 23768: 23762: 23758: 23753: 23748: 23744: 23740: 23739: 23734: 23729: 23725: 23719: 23715: 23710: 23705: 23701: 23697: 23693: 23689: 23685: 23684: 23679: 23675: 23671: 23665: 23661: 23660: 23655: 23651: 23647: 23643: 23637: 23633: 23629: 23624: 23620: 23614: 23610: 23606: 23602: 23598: 23594: 23588: 23584: 23580: 23576: 23572: 23568: 23562: 23558: 23554: 23550: 23546: 23542: 23536: 23532: 23528: 23523: 23522: 23516: 23513: 23511: 23508: 23506: 23503: 23502: 23497: 23492: 23476: 23474:9780080430768 23470: 23466: 23462: 23458: 23454: 23453: 23448: 23444: 23440: 23436: 23435: 23430: 23426: 23423: 23418: 23412: 23408: 23404: 23400: 23395: 23390: 23386: 23383: 23378: 23372: 23368: 23363: 23359: 23355: 23351: 23347: 23343: 23339: 23335: 23331: 23327: 23326: 23321: 23317: 23313: 23309: 23303: 23299: 23295: 23291: 23290:Steele, David 23287: 23283: 23277: 23273: 23268: 23263: 23258: 23254: 23250: 23249: 23244: 23239: 23228: 23224: 23220: 23219: 23214: 23210: 23207: 23202: 23196: 23192: 23188: 23183: 23172: 23166: 23162: 23155: 23154: 23149: 23145: 23141: 23139:9781316137024 23135: 23131: 23127: 23123: 23119: 23115: 23110: 23099: 23095: 23091: 23087: 23086: 23081: 23077: 23073: 23069: 23067:9780192804310 23063: 23059: 23055: 23050: 23046: 23035: 23033:9780080970875 23029: 23025: 23021: 23020: 23015: 23010: 23006: 22995: 22993:9780080430768 22989: 22985: 22981: 22980: 22975: 22970: 22966: 22962: 22958: 22954: 22950: 22946: 22945: 22940: 22935: 22931: 22925: 22921: 22917: 22912: 22901: 22897: 22893: 22888: 22884: 22878: 22874: 22870: 22865: 22861: 22857: 22853: 22849: 22845: 22841: 22837: 22833: 22829: 22824: 22820: 22816: 22810: 22806: 22802: 22801: 22795: 22784: 22782:9789197748728 22778: 22771: 22770: 22764: 22760: 22754: 22750: 22746: 22741: 22737: 22733: 22729: 22725: 22721: 22717: 22716: 22708: 22703: 22699: 22693: 22689: 22685: 22680: 22676: 22672: 22668: 22664: 22660: 22656: 22652: 22648: 22647: 22642: 22637: 22626: 22622: 22617: 22613: 22611:9783319544632 22607: 22603: 22599: 22595: 22588: 22584: 22580: 22576: 22572: 22568: 22564: 22560: 22556: 22552: 22551: 22546: 22542: 22538: 22534: 22530: 22526: 22520: 22516: 22511: 22507: 22503: 22499: 22495: 22483: 22479: 22478: 22473: 22469: 22465: 22461: 22457: 22451: 22447: 22446:Vintage Books 22443: 22442: 22437: 22433: 22429: 22425: 22420: 22415: 22411: 22407: 22403: 22399: 22398: 22393: 22388: 22384: 22378: 22374: 22370: 22365: 22361: 22357: 22355:9780520943445 22351: 22347: 22343: 22342: 22336: 22325: 22321: 22317: 22312: 22307: 22303: 22299: 22295: 22291: 22287: 22283: 22279: 22278: 22273: 22272:Farred, Grant 22269: 22265: 22261: 22257: 22253: 22252: 22247: 22243: 22239: 22234: 22229: 22225: 22221: 22220: 22215: 22210: 22206: 22202: 22198: 22194: 22190: 22186: 22182: 22178: 22174: 22173: 22167: 22156: 22155: 22150: 22146: 22145:Chomsky, Noam 22142: 22138: 22132: 22128: 22124: 22123: 22118: 22114: 22110: 22104: 22100: 22096: 22095:Brown, Archie 22092: 22088: 22082: 22078: 22074: 22073: 22067: 22064: 22060: 22054: 22050: 22049:PublicAffairs 22046: 22045: 22040: 22036: 22032: 22021: 22017: 22013: 22009: 22008: 22003: 21999: 21998: 21994: 21990: 21986: 21980: 21964: 21959: 21952: 21951:Morgan (2015) 21947: 21940: 21935: 21931: 21927: 21921: 21910: 21909:Morgan (2001) 21905: 21898: 21897:Engels (1970) 21893: 21886: 21885:Morgan (2001) 21881: 21870: 21869:Morgan (2015) 21865: 21858: 21857:Engels (1970) 21853: 21851: 21840: 21836: 21822: 21818: 21817:Richard Nixon 21814: 21810: 21806: 21802: 21798: 21794: 21790: 21786: 21782: 21777: 21773: 21767: 21760: 21759: 21753: 21749: 21745: 21741: 21740:Joseph Stalin 21737: 21733: 21732: 21725: 21717: 21713: 21709: 21705: 21701: 21697: 21692: 21691:Barbara Harff 21686: 21679: 21674: 21670: 21666: 21662: 21658: 21654: 21650: 21646: 21642: 21638: 21634: 21630: 21623: 21616: 21612: 21608: 21604: 21603:Khrushchevism 21600: 21596: 21592: 21588: 21584: 21580: 21576: 21572: 21568: 21564: 21558: 21551: 21547: 21543: 21539: 21536:, but by the 21535: 21531: 21527: 21523: 21517: 21509: 21505: 21504: 21499: 21493: 21491: 21483: 21479: 21475: 21471: 21467: 21463: 21459: 21455: 21454:Red Holocaust 21451: 21447: 21442: 21437: 21433: 21432:mass killings 21428: 21424: 21420: 21419: 21413: 21409: 21405: 21401: 21397: 21393: 21389: 21385: 21381: 21377: 21373: 21369: 21365: 21361: 21357: 21356:Joseph Stalin 21353: 21349: 21345: 21344:J. Arch Getty 21341: 21334: 21332: 21324: 21320: 21316: 21311: 21307: 21303: 21299: 21295: 21291: 21287: 21283: 21282: 21275: 21273: 21264: 21260: 21255: 21251: 21247: 21243: 21239: 21235: 21234: 21229: 21225: 21221: 21217: 21213: 21209: 21204: 21197: 21193: 21189: 21184: 21180: 21176: 21172: 21168: 21162: 21154: 21153: 21148: 21144: 21140: 21136: 21132: 21126: 21122: 21101: 21100: 21095: 21088: 21080: 21074: 21070: 21066: 21065: 21060: 21059:Gerstle, Gary 21054: 21046: 21040: 21036: 21032: 21031: 21026: 21020: 21005: 21001: 20994: 20979: 20975: 20968: 20953: 20951: 20946: 20939: 20924: 20920: 20913: 20897: 20893: 20887: 20879: 20873: 20869: 20862: 20855: 20850: 20846: 20842: 20838: 20834: 20830: 20829: 20824: 20818: 20810: 20804: 20800: 20796: 20795: 20787: 20772: 20771: 20766: 20759: 20751: 20747: 20743: 20739: 20735: 20731: 20727: 20723: 20722: 20717: 20710: 20695: 20688: 20673: 20669: 20664: 20659: 20655: 20651: 20647: 20643: 20642: 20637: 20630: 20624: 20620: 20616: 20615:Safaei (2011) 20612: 20608: 20603: 20596: 20592: 20586: 20582: 20578: 20577: 20569: 20562: 20558: 20552: 20548: 20544: 20540: 20534: 20526: 20520: 20516: 20512: 20508: 20504: 20500: 20494: 20492: 20484: 20479: 20473: 20469: 20465: 20464: 20459: 20458:Ther, Philipp 20453: 20445: 20439: 20435: 20431: 20427: 20421: 20413: 20407: 20403: 20399: 20395: 20389: 20381: 20375: 20371: 20367: 20363: 20357: 20342: 20341: 20340:Freedom House 20336: 20329: 20321: 20317: 20313: 20309: 20305: 20301: 20297: 20293: 20289: 20285: 20284: 20276: 20268: 20262: 20258: 20254: 20250: 20246: 20240: 20238: 20230: 20228: 20224: 20209: 20205: 20201: 20198: 20193: 20188: 20181: 20166: 20165: 20160: 20153: 20145: 20143:9780191017759 20139: 20135: 20131: 20130: 20122: 20115: 20110: 20106: 20101: 20096: 20091: 20086: 20082: 20078: 20077: 20072: 20065: 20056: 20051: 20047: 20043: 20039: 20035: 20028: 20020: 20016: 20012: 20008: 20004: 20000: 19993: 19985: 19984: 19979: 19972: 19964: 19962:9781317454786 19958: 19954: 19950: 19946: 19940: 19932: 19930:9781781687673 19926: 19922: 19918: 19914: 19908: 19892: 19888: 19882: 19880: 19878: 19870:(44): 52–110. 19869: 19865: 19861: 19854: 19839: 19838:Wilson Center 19835: 19828: 19821: 19809: 19808: 19803: 19799: 19798:Hickel, Jason 19792: 19786: 19782: 19778: 19773: 19758: 19754: 19750: 19749: 19744: 19737: 19735: 19727: 19722: 19720: 19718: 19716: 19700: 19699:New Criterion 19696: 19689: 19687: 19679: 19667: 19663: 19659: 19652: 19644: 19640: 19636: 19632: 19625: 19619:, p. 54. 19618: 19613: 19606: 19601: 19590: 19588:9780521538541 19584: 19580: 19576: 19575: 19567: 19559: 19555: 19551: 19549:0-679-64050-9 19545: 19541: 19534: 19527: 19522: 19514: 19510: 19506: 19504:0-88738-351-3 19500: 19496: 19489: 19481: 19477: 19473: 19469: 19465: 19461: 19457: 19453: 19449: 19448: 19440: 19438: 19430: 19426: 19420: 19416: 19412: 19411: 19406: 19400: 19392: 19388: 19384: 19380: 19379: 19371: 19363: 19359: 19355: 19351: 19350: 19342: 19335: 19332: 19326: 19315: 19309: 19305: 19301: 19300: 19292: 19284: 19282:3-89458-169-7 19278: 19274: 19270: 19263: 19256: 19252: 19246: 19242: 19238: 19237: 19232: 19226: 19219: 19214: 19207: 19203: 19199: 19195: 19191: 19190:Kuromiya 2001 19187: 19182: 19174: 19170: 19166: 19162: 19158: 19154: 19150: 19146: 19142: 19138: 19137: 19129: 19127: 19119: 19114: 19112: 19104: 19099: 19093: 19089: 19085: 19081: 19077: 19070: 19068: 19059: 19055: 19051: 19047: 19043: 19039: 19035: 19028: 19020: 19009: 19003: 18999: 18995: 18994: 18989: 18983: 18975: 18964: 18958: 18954: 18950: 18949: 18944: 18938: 18930: 18919: 18913: 18909: 18905: 18904: 18899: 18892: 18884: 18873: 18867: 18863: 18859: 18858: 18853: 18847: 18839: 18828: 18822: 18818: 18814: 18813: 18805: 18797: 18786: 18780: 18776: 18772: 18771: 18766: 18762: 18756: 18749: 18744: 18736: 18730: 18726: 18722: 18718: 18712: 18697: 18696: 18691: 18687: 18681: 18673: 18667: 18663: 18659: 18655: 18654: 18649: 18643: 18635: 18629: 18625: 18621: 18617: 18613: 18609: 18608: 18600: 18593: 18588: 18586: 18569: 18565: 18559: 18555: 18551: 18547: 18543: 18542: 18537: 18530: 18515: 18514: 18509: 18502: 18486: 18482: 18472: 18464: 18458: 18454: 18450: 18449: 18441: 18433: 18429: 18423: 18419: 18415: 18411: 18407: 18403: 18397: 18389: 18385: 18381: 18377: 18373: 18369: 18363: 18355: 18351: 18345: 18341: 18337: 18333: 18326: 18318: 18314: 18310: 18303: 18295: 18291: 18287: 18285:9781532607912 18281: 18278:. p. 5. 18277: 18273: 18266: 18259: 18258:in Antiquity. 18257: 18251: 18247: 18243: 18242: 18237: 18233: 18232:Kautsky, Karl 18227: 18212: 18208: 18201: 18194: 18189: 18185: 18179: 18172: 18168: 18164: 18163: 18158: 18152: 18136: 18132: 18131: 18128: 18121: 18113: 18109: 18108: 18103: 18097: 18089: 18087:9780946061150 18083: 18079: 18072: 18056: 18052: 18051: 18043: 18041: 18032: 18028: 18024: 18018: 18010: 18006: 18002: 18001:Fabbri, Luigi 17996: 17988: 17982: 17978: 17972: 17964: 17960: 17954: 17950: 17946: 17945: 17937: 17929: 17923: 17919: 17915: 17911: 17910:Piccone, Paul 17905: 17897: 17893: 17887: 17879: 17873: 17869: 17865: 17862:. p. 2. 17861: 17857: 17850: 17834: 17830: 17824: 17809: 17805: 17801: 17795: 17787: 17775: 17771: 17768:(July 1913). 17767: 17761: 17759: 17750: 17746: 17739: 17731: 17725: 17721: 17717: 17711: 17695: 17691: 17687: 17686: 17681: 17674: 17666: 17654: 17653:Der Kommunist 17650: 17646: 17640: 17638: 17636: 17627: 17623: 17619: 17615: 17611: 17607: 17603: 17597: 17590: 17585: 17570: 17566: 17559: 17552: 17541: 17537: 17533: 17527: 17511: 17505: 17497: 17493: 17492: 17487: 17486:Chomsky, Noam 17481: 17465: 17461: 17460: 17455: 17451: 17445: 17437: 17431: 17427: 17423: 17419: 17413: 17397: 17396: 17391: 17385: 17370: 17363: 17355: 17349: 17345: 17341: 17337: 17333: 17329: 17323: 17321: 17309: 17305: 17301: 17294: 17278: 17274: 17268: 17252: 17248: 17241: 17225: 17221: 17217: 17213: 17207: 17205: 17197: 17192: 17184: 17180: 17176: 17172: 17168: 17164: 17160: 17156: 17155: 17150: 17144: 17136: 17130: 17126: 17125:Mehring Books 17122: 17121: 17113: 17097: 17093: 17089: 17082: 17074: 17073: 17068: 17064: 17058: 17051: 17046: 17039: 17034: 17019: 17015: 17011: 17010:Trotsky, Leon 17005: 16997: 16991: 16987: 16986:HarperCollins 16983: 16982: 16974: 16966: 16962: 16958: 16954: 16951:(1): 84–102. 16950: 16946: 16942: 16935: 16927: 16921: 16917: 16913: 16912: 16907: 16906:Löwy, Michael 16901: 16893: 16887: 16883: 16880:. New Haven: 16879: 16878: 16870: 16862: 16856: 16852: 16848: 16847: 16839: 16831: 16825: 16821: 16817: 16816: 16811: 16805: 16797: 16791: 16787: 16783: 16779: 16773: 16765: 16759: 16755: 16754:Mehring Books 16751: 16750: 16745: 16744:Trotsky, Leon 16739: 16731: 16725: 16721: 16720: 16712: 16704: 16700: 16696: 16692: 16688: 16684: 16680: 16676: 16673:(2): 77–117. 16672: 16668: 16667: 16662: 16655: 16647: 16641: 16637: 16633: 16632: 16624: 16616: 16610: 16606: 16602: 16598: 16592: 16585: 16580: 16573: 16568: 16566: 16558: 16553: 16546: 16541: 16538:Todd, Allan. 16534: 16527: 16523: 16522: 16517: 16511: 16503: 16491: 16490: 16485: 16481: 16475: 16467: 16456: 16452: 16451: 16446: 16440: 16432: 16426: 16422: 16418: 16414: 16407: 16405: 16396: 16392: 16388: 16384: 16380: 16376: 16375: 16367: 16365: 16357: 16352: 16345: 16341: 16336: 16329: 16325: 16319: 16315: 16311: 16304: 16297: 16293: 16289: 16285: 16281: 16277: 16276: 16268: 16260: 16252: 16246: 16238: 16237: 16229: 16221: 16220: 16212: 16204: 16198: 16190: 16186: 16182: 16178: 16172: 16164: 16160: 16156: 16152: 16148: 16144: 16140: 16133: 16127: 16122: 16114: 16110: 16106: 16102: 16098: 16094: 16090: 16086: 16082: 16075: 16066: 16058: 16054: 16050: 16046: 16042: 16035: 16027: 16020: 16013: 16007: 15999: 15992: 15984: 15978: 15972: 15967: 15960: 15954: 15946: 15940: 15937:. NYU Press. 15936: 15935: 15927: 15919: 15915: 15911: 15909:9781933116440 15905: 15901: 15897: 15893: 15889: 15885: 15879: 15871: 15859: 15855: 15849: 15846:. p. 2. 15845: 15841: 15840: 15832: 15824: 15812: 15808: 15807: 15802: 15798: 15792: 15777: 15771: 15767: 15766: 15758: 15751: 15746: 15744: 15736: 15730: 15711: 15707: 15703: 15702: 15694: 15687: 15671: 15667: 15666: 15661: 15654: 15646: 15642: 15638: 15634: 15630: 15626: 15622: 15618: 15617: 15609: 15602: 15590: 15586: 15582: 15575: 15559: 15555: 15554: 15549: 15542: 15534: 15522: 15518: 15514: 15507: 15499: 15495: 15491: 15489:0-521-56540-5 15485: 15481: 15477: 15470: 15462: 15458: 15451: 15444: 15439: 15432: 15428: 15424: 15418: 15414: 15410: 15406: 15402: 15395: 15388: 15384: 15380: 15376: 15372: 15371: 15363: 15361: 15353: 15349: 15345: 15341: 15339:0-203-15946-2 15335: 15331: 15327: 15320: 15312: 15308: 15304: 15300: 15296: 15289: 15281: 15277: 15276: 15268: 15267:"Engelsismen" 15261: 15254: 15250: 15246: 15242: 15238: 15234: 15230: 15226: 15222: 15221: 15213: 15205: 15199: 15195: 15191: 15184: 15177: 15175: 15162: 15158: 15154: 15150: 15146: 15142: 15138: 15137: 15129: 15122: 15115: 15111: 15110: 15105: 15104: 15099: 15095: 15090: 15082: 15078: 15074: 15068: 15061: 15056: 15045: 15041: 15040: 15035: 15031: 15025: 15017: 15011: 15007: 15003: 14999: 14993: 14978: 14977: 14972: 14965: 14957: 14956: 14951: 14945: 14943: 14935: 14930: 14924: 14920: 14916: 14909: 14902: 14897: 14893: 14889: 14888: 14883: 14879: 14875: 14869: 14862: 14857: 14851: 14847: 14843: 14838: 14837: 14831: 14827: 14821: 14819: 14811: 14806: 14804: 14802: 14800: 14791: 14787: 14783: 14776: 14769: 14753: 14749: 14745: 14741: 14735: 14720: 14719: 14714: 14707: 14691: 14687: 14686: 14685:The Economist 14681: 14675: 14668: 14663: 14661:9781442258266 14657: 14653: 14649: 14642: 14635: 14630: 14628:9780495569398 14624: 14620: 14616: 14611: 14610: 14601: 14585: 14584: 14579: 14573: 14557: 14556: 14551: 14545: 14535: 14529: 14525: 14524: 14519: 14509: 14494:. 15 May 2023 14493: 14489: 14483: 14468: 14464: 14460: 14459: 14454: 14447: 14431: 14427: 14426: 14421: 14414: 14407: 14406:Farred (2000) 14403: 14402:Gitlin (2001) 14399: 14396:, p. 1; 14395: 14391: 14390:Wright (1960) 14386: 14378: 14376:9781412959636 14372: 14368: 14364: 14360: 14356: 14355: 14350: 14346: 14342: 14338: 14332: 14324: 14318: 14314: 14310: 14306: 14302: 14301: 14293: 14291: 14289: 14280: 14278:9780252062506 14274: 14270: 14266: 14262: 14256: 14248: 14246:9780550100948 14242: 14238: 14235:. Edinburgh: 14234: 14227: 14211: 14207: 14203: 14202: 14195: 14179: 14175: 14174: 14166: 14158: 14154: 14145: 14138: 14134: 14130: 14125: 14120: 14116: 14112: 14108: 14104: 14103: 14098: 14091: 14083: 14077: 14073: 14069: 14068: 14060: 14052: 14046: 14042: 14038: 14031: 14024: 14019: 14015: 14009: 14005: 14001: 14000: 13992: 13984: 13980: 13974: 13970: 13966: 13965: 13957: 13949: 13945: 13941: 13937: 13933: 13929: 13928: 13923: 13917: 13909: 13903: 13899: 13898:Penguin Group 13895: 13894: 13889: 13883: 13867: 13863: 13862: 13857: 13853: 13847: 13840: 13835: 13827: 13823: 13819: 13815: 13814: 13809: 13803: 13796:. p. 12. 13795: 13791: 13790: 13785: 13779: 13772: 13767: 13759: 13753: 13749: 13745: 13744: 13736: 13728: 13726:9780191622373 13722: 13718: 13714: 13713: 13708: 13702: 13695: 13690: 13682: 13676: 13673:. p. 1. 13672: 13668: 13661: 13653: 13652:Penguin Books 13649: 13645: 13639: 13631: 13627: 13623: 13617: 13613: 13609: 13602: 13600: 13591: 13587: 13585:0-86151-015-1 13581: 13577: 13576: 13568: 13560: 13556: 13552: 13548: 13542: 13540: 13531: 13527: 13523: 13519: 13515: 13511: 13510: 13502: 13494: 13490: 13486: 13482: 13481: 13473: 13471: 13463: 13459: 13457:9780191667527 13453: 13449: 13445: 13438: 13430: 13424: 13408: 13407: 13399: 13397: 13395: 13379: 13372: 13365: 13363: 13361: 13353: 13348: 13342: 13338: 13334: 13330: 13326: 13320: 13318: 13316: 13308: 13304: 13293: 13287: 13283: 13279: 13275: 13272:. Cambridge: 13271: 13270: 13265: 13259: 13251: 13247: 13244:(1): 118–30. 13243: 13239: 13238: 13230: 13228: 13226: 13217: 13213: 13209: 13205: 13201: 13197: 13193: 13189: 13188: 13180: 13172: 13161: 13159:9780415435840 13155: 13151: 13147: 13146: 13138: 13130: 13126: 13122: 13118: 13114: 13110: 13106: 13102: 13098: 13094: 13093: 13092:Slavic Review 13085: 13083: 13074: 13068: 13064: 13060: 13059: 13051: 13043: 13037: 13033: 13032: 13024: 13016: 13010: 13006: 13002: 13001: 12993: 12985: 12979: 12975: 12974: 12966: 12958: 12957: 12949: 12941: 12935: 12931: 12930: 12922: 12914: 12908: 12904: 12900: 12899: 12891: 12883: 12877: 12873: 12869: 12868: 12860: 12852: 12848: 12844: 12838: 12834: 12830: 12823: 12808: 12804: 12800: 12794: 12787: 12785: 12780: 12775: 12764: 12762:9780415435840 12758: 12754: 12750: 12749: 12741: 12726: 12724:9780745399041 12720: 12716: 12709: 12708: 12700: 12684: 12680: 12679: 12674: 12670: 12669:Edelman, Marc 12664: 12657: 12653: 12649: 12645: 12641: 12637: 12633: 12629: 12625: 12621: 12620: 12612: 12604: 12602:9781408228227 12598: 12594: 12590: 12586: 12580: 12572: 12570:9780275956295 12566: 12562: 12558: 12551: 12543: 12541:9780674410305 12537: 12533: 12529: 12525: 12521: 12515: 12507: 12504:"Communism". 12500: 12492: 12491: 12483: 12475: 12471: 12467: 12463: 12459: 12455: 12451: 12450: 12442: 12434: 12430: 12426: 12422: 12418: 12414: 12410: 12406: 12402: 12395: 12388: 12383: 12367: 12363: 12356: 12341: 12338:. Edinburgh: 12337: 12333: 12326: 12318: 12314: 12310: 12306: 12302: 12298: 12294: 12290: 12286: 12279: 12271: 12265: 12261: 12257: 12250: 12242: 12240:9781610698047 12236: 12232: 12228: 12221: 12213: 12209: 12207:9780801899256 12203: 12199: 12195: 12194: 12186: 12171: 12165: 12161: 12157: 12156: 12151: 12145: 12137: 12126: 12120: 12116: 12112: 12108: 12107: 12099: 12091: 12085: 12081: 12074: 12072: 12070: 12050: 12046: 12042: 12041: 12036: 12032: 12026: 12018: 12014: 12010: 12006: 12002: 11998: 11994: 11987: 11979: 11977:9780792394334 11973: 11969: 11965: 11961: 11957: 11950: 11942: 11936: 11932: 11928: 11924: 11918: 11910: 11898: 11894: 11888: 11884: 11880: 11879: 11871: 11865: 11861: 11857: 11853: 11852:Steele (1992) 11849: 11844: 11836: 11832: 11828: 11824: 11820: 11816: 11812: 11811: 11810:Slavic Review 11802: 11800: 11791: 11787: 11783: 11779: 11776:(1): 81–105. 11775: 11771: 11770: 11762: 11760: 11751: 11747: 11743: 11739: 11738:Malia, Martin 11733: 11725: 11724: 11719:"Communism". 11715: 11708: 11703: 11697: 11693: 11689: 11682: 11674: 11668: 11664: 11660: 11656: 11652: 11651: 11646: 11642: 11635: 11633: 11631: 11623: 11619: 11613: 11610:. p. 9. 11609: 11605: 11598: 11590: 11588:9780198208402 11584: 11580: 11576: 11572: 11568: 11564: 11558: 11550: 11548:9781350150331 11544: 11540: 11536: 11532: 11526: 11518: 11514: 11510: 11504: 11496: 11490: 11486: 11481: 11480: 11474: 11470: 11464: 11457: 11452: 11448: 11444: 11440: 11436: 11430: 11423: 11418: 11414: 11410: 11404: 11400: 11396: 11392: 11388: 11381: 11379: 11359: 11355: 11349: 11341: 11337: 11331: 11328:. p. 7. 11327: 11323: 11322: 11317: 11311: 11303: 11299: 11295: 11292:(in French). 11291: 11287: 11281: 11266: 11262: 11258: 11251: 11249: 11247: 11231: 11227: 11221: 11206: 11205: 11200: 11193: 11191: 11182: 11180:9781351141741 11176: 11172: 11168: 11164: 11158: 11156: 11154: 11145: 11141: 11137: 11133: 11129: 11125: 11124: 11116: 11112: 11106: 11104: 11102: 11094: 11093: 11088: 11075: 11074: 11069: 11065: 11059: 11044: 11040: 11036: 11032: 11028: 11024: 11023: 11015: 11011: 11005: 10990: 10986: 10982: 10978: 10974: 10970: 10969: 10961: 10957: 10953: 10947: 10940: 10936: 10932: 10928: 10924: 10923: 10918: 10912: 10904: 10900: 10894: 10890: 10886: 10885: 10884:Red Holocaust 10880: 10874: 10867: 10862: 10854: 10850: 10846: 10842: 10838: 10837: 10832: 10826: 10819: 10814: 10812: 10805: 10801: 10797: 10796:Weiner (2002) 10793: 10789: 10785: 10780: 10778: 10770: 10765: 10763: 10761: 10759: 10757: 10755: 10746: 10742: 10738: 10734: 10730: 10726: 10725: 10717: 10713: 10707: 10699: 10693: 10689: 10686:. Cambridge: 10685: 10678: 10670: 10666: 10662: 10658: 10654: 10650: 10646: 10642: 10641: 10636: 10630: 10614: 10610: 10606: 10600: 10593: 10592:Lansford 2007 10588: 10586: 10584: 10582: 10573: 10569: 10565: 10561: 10557: 10553: 10549: 10545: 10541: 10537: 10533: 10529: 10528: 10523: 10517: 10509: 10505: 10501: 10497: 10493: 10489: 10485: 10481: 10480: 10475: 10469: 10462: 10457: 10455: 10453: 10451: 10449: 10447: 10445: 10428: 10424: 10423: 10418: 10414: 10408: 10402: 10398: 10394: 10389: 10387: 10385: 10383: 10374: 10370: 10366: 10362: 10358: 10354: 10350: 10346: 10340: 10338: 10330: 10329:Lansford 2007 10325: 10323: 10321: 10312: 10306: 10302: 10299:. Jefferson: 10298: 10291: 10272: 10268: 10262: 10258: 10251: 10250: 10242: 10226: 10222: 10218: 10211: 10195: 10191: 10189:9781538129050 10185: 10181: 10177: 10176: 10168: 10152: 10148: 10144: 10134: 10118: 10114: 10110: 10109: 10104: 10097: 10078: 10074: 10067: 10063: 10056: 10048: 10042: 10038: 10034: 10027: 10011: 10007: 10006: 10001: 9995: 9988: 9983: 9975: 9973:9780028661179 9969: 9965: 9961: 9960: 9952: 9944: 9940: 9938:9780745307169 9934: 9930: 9923: 9922: 9914: 9906: 9895: 9889: 9885: 9881: 9880: 9872: 9864: 9853: 9847: 9843: 9839: 9838: 9830: 9822: 9811: 9805: 9802:. p. 8. 9801: 9797: 9796: 9788: 9781: 9770: 9766: 9762: 9756: 9748: 9744: 9737: 9729: 9718: 9712: 9708: 9704: 9703: 9695: 9693: 9684: 9683: 9675: 9668: 9663: 9657: 9653: 9649: 9642: 9640: 9632: 9627: 9625:0-618-26181-8 9621: 9617: 9610: 9608: 9600: 9599:Steele (1992) 9595: 9593: 9591: 9583: 9578: 9572: 9568: 9564: 9557: 9549: 9538: 9534: 9533:Moore, Samuel 9530: 9529: 9524: 9520: 9516: 9510: 9503: 9499: 9494: 9486: 9474: 9470: 9469:Moore, Samuel 9466: 9465: 9460: 9456: 9452: 9446: 9438: 9434: 9430: 9426: 9422: 9418: 9414: 9411:(3). London: 9410: 9406: 9405: 9400: 9393: 9385: 9381: 9377: 9370: 9363: 9355: 9344: 9338: 9334: 9330: 9329: 9321: 9313: 9307: 9303: 9299: 9292: 9285: 9280: 9276: 9272: 9265: 9258: 9251: 9239: 9238: 9233: 9227: 9220: 9208: 9207: 9202: 9196: 9187: 9182: 9174: 9170: 9166: 9159: 9152: 9144: 9142:9781137284754 9138: 9134: 9130: 9126: 9122: 9116: 9114: 9098: 9094: 9088: 9080: 9069: 9063: 9059: 9055: 9051: 9047: 9043: 9036: 9028: 9016: 9012: 9008: 9004: 9003: 8995: 8991: 8987: 8981: 8974: 8969: 8958: 8954: 8953: 8948: 8944: 8938: 8931: 8930:Steele (1992) 8926: 8924: 8915: 8903: 8899: 8895: 8891: 8890: 8882: 8878: 8874: 8868: 8861: 8856: 8852: 8848: 8844: 8837: 8829: 8823: 8819: 8818: 8814:"Communism". 8810: 8794: 8793: 8788: 8781: 8779: 8777: 8775: 8773: 8771: 8769: 8767: 8765: 8763: 8761: 8759: 8757: 8755: 8753: 8751: 8746: 8731: 8730: 8726: 8724: 8723: 8719: 8718: 8713: 8712: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8674: 8669: 8658: 8651: 8648: 8644: 8640: 8636: 8632: 8628: 8624: 8620: 8616: 8615:robber barons 8612: 8608: 8604: 8600: 8596: 8592: 8591:neoliberalism 8588: 8584: 8580: 8576: 8572: 8571:Conservatives 8568: 8566: 8562: 8558: 8553: 8551: 8547: 8542: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8524: 8523:Baltic states 8520: 8516: 8512: 8508: 8504: 8499: 8495: 8491: 8487: 8486:Boris Yeltsin 8483: 8479: 8474: 8472: 8468: 8464: 8460: 8456: 8452: 8447: 8445: 8444:Freedom House 8441: 8437: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8425: 8420: 8415: 8413: 8408: 8404: 8400: 8396: 8392: 8388: 8384: 8382: 8381:András Bozóki 8377: 8375: 8370: 8369:excess deaths 8366: 8362: 8358: 8354: 8350: 8346: 8336: 8334: 8330: 8326: 8322: 8318: 8314: 8310: 8309:Baltic states 8306: 8302: 8298: 8294: 8290: 8286: 8282: 8278: 8273: 8271: 8267: 8263: 8262:Joseph Stalin 8259: 8258:Richard Pipes 8255: 8251: 8247: 8243: 8239: 8238: 8233: 8229: 8228: 8223: 8222: 8217: 8213: 8212: 8207: 8206: 8201: 8200: 8195: 8191: 8187: 8183: 8179: 8175: 8170: 8168: 8164: 8160: 8154: 8150: 8140: 8138: 8134: 8130: 8126: 8121: 8117: 8113: 8111: 8107: 8103: 8099: 8095: 8080: 8078: 8074: 8070: 8066: 8062: 8056: 8054: 8050: 8046: 8045:social system 8043:as the ideal 8042: 8038: 8034: 8028: 8018: 8016: 8015:communitarian 8012: 8011:individualism 8008: 8004: 7999: 7997: 7993: 7989: 7985: 7981: 7977: 7973: 7969: 7965: 7961: 7957: 7953: 7949: 7945: 7938: 7934: 7930: 7925: 7910: 7908: 7904: 7900: 7896: 7892: 7888: 7884: 7879: 7877: 7873: 7869: 7865: 7861: 7857: 7853: 7849: 7846:to an end by 7845: 7838: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7822:participative 7819: 7815: 7811: 7810:institutional 7807: 7802: 7798: 7793: 7791: 7787: 7783: 7779: 7775: 7771: 7767: 7763: 7759: 7755: 7748: 7744: 7739: 7729: 7727: 7723: 7722:Daniel Guérin 7719: 7715: 7711: 7707: 7703: 7699: 7695: 7691: 7687: 7683: 7679: 7675: 7671: 7668: 7664: 7660: 7656: 7652: 7648: 7647:communization 7644: 7639: 7637: 7633: 7629: 7625: 7624:working class 7621: 7620: 7615: 7614: 7609: 7605: 7601: 7598:, as well as 7597: 7593: 7589: 7585: 7581: 7577: 7571: 7561: 7559: 7555: 7551: 7547: 7543: 7539: 7535: 7531: 7527: 7519: 7515: 7511: 7506: 7505:Eurocommunism 7499:Eurocommunism 7496: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7481: 7477: 7473: 7469: 7464: 7462: 7458: 7454: 7450: 7446: 7443: 7442:Deng Xiaoping 7439: 7431: 7427: 7422: 7418: 7408: 7406: 7402: 7397: 7395: 7391: 7387: 7383: 7379: 7375: 7370: 7369:intellectuals 7365: 7363: 7359: 7355: 7351: 7347: 7343: 7339: 7335: 7331: 7330:decentralised 7326: 7324: 7319: 7315: 7310: 7308: 7304: 7300: 7297:and Stalin's 7296: 7292: 7288: 7284: 7280: 7273: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7237: 7235: 7231: 7227: 7223: 7218: 7216: 7212: 7208: 7204: 7200: 7196: 7192: 7188: 7184: 7180: 7176: 7172: 7168: 7161: 7157: 7156:Joseph Stalin 7152: 7147: 7137: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7119: 7115: 7111: 7106: 7102: 7098: 7094: 7090: 7086: 7082: 7077: 7075: 7071: 7067: 7063: 7059: 7055: 7051: 7047: 7043: 7039: 7035: 7031: 7027: 7023: 7018: 7016: 7012: 7007: 7003: 6999: 6995: 6991: 6987: 6983: 6979: 6975: 6971: 6967: 6963: 6959: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6946:Joseph Stalin 6939: 6935: 6930: 6920: 6918: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6901: 6895: 6894:(1721–1917). 6893: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6877: 6873: 6869: 6863: 6860: 6853: 6846: 6833: 6832:surplus labor 6822: 6818: 6814: 6812: 6808: 6804: 6796: 6795: 6790: 6784: 6779: 6775: 6774: 6768: 6764: 6760: 6759: 6754: 6750: 6749: 6744: 6740: 6736: 6732: 6731:labour market 6728: 6727:working class 6724: 6713: 6708: 6706: 6701: 6699: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6690: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6676: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6640: 6634: 6633: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6590:Right to vote 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6515:Majority rule 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6407: 6401: 6400: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6382:Supermajority 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6312: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6280:Participatory 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6211:Hybrid regime 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6133: 6130: 6125: 6124: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6104: 6102: 6101: 6098: 6095: 6094: 6091: 6087: 6086: 6076: 6071: 6069: 6064: 6062: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6036: 6026: 6024: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6008: 6007: 6006: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5987: 5984: 5983: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5954:Revolutionary 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5934:Authoritarian 5932: 5931: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5904: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5849: 5843: 5842: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5771: 5765: 5764: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5736:Moufawad-Paul 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4903: 4900: 4895: 4894: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4846:Eurocommunism 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4831:Austromarxism 4829: 4827: 4824: 4823: 4820: 4815: 4814: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4777:Communization 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4764: 4763: 4762: 4758: 4757: 4752: 4751:Praxis School 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4718: 4717: 4716: 4713: 4710: 4709: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4668: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4658: 4657: 4656: 4653: 4650: 4649: 4641: 4640: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4526: 4523: 4518: 4517: 4510: 4509:Working class 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4429: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4379: 4376: 4371: 4370: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4322: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4290:Crisis theory 4288: 4285: 4281: 4278: 4277: 4274: 4269: 4268: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4227: 4224: 4219: 4218: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3947: 3944: 3939: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3929: 3926: 3923: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3913: 3907: 3896: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3863: 3859: 3849: 3847: 3846:crisis theory 3843: 3839: 3835: 3829: 3819: 3817: 3813: 3812:pseudoscience 3808: 3802: 3800: 3796: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3782:is a form of 3781: 3775: 3765: 3763: 3759: 3758:Paris Commune 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3734: 3730: 3725: 3723: 3722:surplus value 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3680: 3676: 3661: 3658: 3655:. As a term, 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3624: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3605: 3599: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3524: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3513:intellectuals 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3465:socioeconomic 3458: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3440: 3434: 3424: 3422: 3418: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3400: 3397: 3393: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3358: 3356: 3355:Deng Xiaoping 3352: 3348: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3297: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3267: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3248: 3238: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3215:Boris Yeltsin 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3170: 3160: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3145: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3130: 3128: 3124: 3123:Eurocommunism 3120: 3116: 3112: 3106: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3075: 3070: 3067:in 1948, and 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2996: 2986: 2984: 2980: 2979:prison labour 2975: 2973: 2969: 2968:Deng Xiaoping 2965: 2961: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2923: 2922:(1966–1976). 2921: 2916: 2911: 2908:launched the 2907: 2906:Deng Xiaoping 2902: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2865: 2863: 2862:mass murderer 2859: 2854: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2839:hydrogen bomb 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2778:Moscow trials 2775: 2771: 2770:Joseph Stalin 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2702:authoritarian 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2686:War communism 2682: 2678: 2663: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2644: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2626: 2622: 2621:Joseph Stalin 2617: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2560:and the wide 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2530: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2515: 2511: 2505: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2474: 2469: 2465: 2460: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2408: 2402: 2396: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2376:In 1917, the 2369: 2365: 2361: 2355: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2333: 2323: 2313: 2311: 2310: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2275: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2204: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2173: 2168: 2164: 2156: 2155: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2131: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2080: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2065:noble classes 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2013:Richard Pipes 2011:According to 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1981: 1971: 1969: 1968: 1963: 1962: 1957: 1956: 1951: 1950: 1944: 1940: 1935: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1908:umbrella term 1905: 1904:intellectuals 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1855: 1853: 1852: 1847: 1844:According to 1842: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1740:Étienne Cabet 1737: 1733: 1729: 1728: 1723: 1719: 1718: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1676: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1645: 1643: 1639: 1638: 1633: 1632: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1614: 1609: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1584: 1575: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1560: 1554: 1549: 1545: 1540: 1538: 1537: 1532: 1528: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1492: 1488:-rooted word 1487: 1482: 1477: 1473: 1464: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1379: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 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25375:LGBTQ rights 25333:Anti-fascism 25219:Soviet Union 24600:Gift economy 24559:Wage slavery 24454: 24390:. Retrieved 24386:the original 24359: 24323: 24309: 24274: 24248: 24225: 24198: 24174: 24148: 24125: 24122:Pons, Silvio 24099: 24092:Pons, Silvio 24069: 24066:Pons, Silvio 24047: 24021: 24018:Pons, Silvio 23988: 23982: 23959: 23940: 23914: 23887: 23860: 23834: 23808: 23805:Selden, Mark 23801:Pons, Silvio 23777: 23742: 23736: 23713: 23690:(4): 77–91. 23687: 23681: 23657: 23627: 23604: 23578: 23552: 23526: 23505:Online books 23495: 23450: 23437:– via 23433: 23420: 23398: 23380: 23366: 23329: 23323: 23319: 23316:Weiner, Amir 23293: 23271: 23252: 23246: 23233:15 September 23231:, retrieved 23227:the original 23217: 23204: 23186: 23174:. Retrieved 23152: 23117: 23114:Pons, Silvio 23101:. Retrieved 23083: 23053: 23043:– via 23037:. Retrieved 23017: 23003:– via 22997:. Retrieved 22977: 22948: 22942: 22915: 22903:. Retrieved 22895: 22868: 22831: 22827: 22819:Google Books 22817:– via 22799: 22786:. Retrieved 22768: 22744: 22719: 22713: 22683: 22650: 22644: 22640: 22628:. Retrieved 22624: 22593: 22554: 22548: 22544: 22514: 22501: 22498:Gitlin, Todd 22486:. Retrieved 22475: 22468:Sehon, Scott 22439: 22401: 22395: 22368: 22360:Google Books 22358:– via 22340: 22329:22 September 22327:. Retrieved 22319: 22310:</ref> 22281: 22275: 22249: 22223: 22217: 22176: 22170: 22158:. Retrieved 22152: 22121: 22098: 22071: 22062: 22042: 22029:– via 22023:. Retrieved 22011: 22006: 21973:Bibliography 21958: 21946: 21937: 21934:the original 21920: 21904: 21892: 21880: 21864: 21839: 21766: 21756: 21729: 21724: 21685: 21648: 21644: 21640: 21636: 21632: 21622: 21613:(Peru), and 21611:Shining Path 21601:(Cambodia), 21557: 21534:determinists 21529: 21516: 21501: 21453: 21434:; historian 21416: 21383: 21315:Confucianism 21309: 21301: 21293: 21289: 21285: 21279: 21263:Irwin Silber 21254:Alan M. Wald 21241: 21237: 21231: 21227: 21223: 21220:Sara Diamond 21207: 21203: 21161: 21150: 21146: 21125: 21103:. Retrieved 21097: 21087: 21063: 21053: 21029: 21019: 21007:. 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Retrieved 15506: 15475: 15469: 15460: 15456: 15450: 15443:Postone 1995 15438: 15400: 15394: 15386: 15369: 15351: 15325: 15319: 15298: 15288: 15279: 15273: 15260: 15252: 15227:(1): 19–27. 15224: 15218: 15212: 15189: 15183: 15173: 15171: 15164:. Retrieved 15140: 15134: 15121: 15113: 15107: 15101: 15096:. (1969). " 15089: 15076: 15067: 15058: 15053:– via 15049:22 September 15047:. Retrieved 15044:Merlin Press 15037: 15024: 15001: 14992: 14980:. Retrieved 14974: 14964: 14953: 14932: 14914: 14908: 14899: 14894:– via 14885: 14868: 14859: 14835: 14785: 14781: 14768: 14756:. Retrieved 14752:the original 14734: 14722:. Retrieved 14718:The Diplomat 14716: 14706: 14694:. Retrieved 14683: 14674: 14665: 14647: 14641: 14632: 14608: 14600: 14588:. Retrieved 14581: 14572: 14560:. Retrieved 14553: 14544: 14537:(in Russian) 14528:the original 14521: 14508: 14496:. Retrieved 14491: 14482: 14470:. Retrieved 14456: 14446: 14434:. Retrieved 14432:(137): 78–86 14429: 14423: 14413: 14394:Geary (2009) 14385: 14352: 14331: 14299: 14264: 14255: 14232: 14226: 14214:. Retrieved 14210:the original 14205: 14200: 14194: 14182:. Retrieved 14178:the original 14172: 14165: 14157:the original 14144: 14136: 14109:(1): 39–56. 14106: 14100: 14090: 14066: 14059: 14036: 14030: 14021: 14018:Google Books 14016:– via 13998: 13991: 13983:Google Books 13981:– via 13963: 13956: 13934:(189): 205. 13931: 13925: 13916: 13892: 13882: 13870:. Retrieved 13859: 13852:Johnson, Ian 13846: 13834: 13811: 13802: 13788: 13778: 13766: 13742: 13735: 13711: 13701: 13689: 13666: 13660: 13647: 13638: 13607: 13588:– via 13574: 13567: 13554: 13513: 13507: 13501: 13484: 13478: 13461: 13443: 13437: 13411:. Retrieved 13405: 13381:. Retrieved 13377: 13350: 13332: 13306: 13301:– via 13295:. Retrieved 13268: 13258: 13241: 13235: 13191: 13185: 13179: 13171:Google Books 13169:– via 13163:. 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Retrieved 8790: 8727: 8720: 8635:Gary Gerstle 8619:unemployment 8569: 8556: 8554: 8546:East Germany 8540:The Guardian 8538: 8527: 8518: 8475: 8471:Philipp Ther 8466: 8448: 8433: 8429: 8422: 8416: 8385: 8378: 8342: 8299:view of the 8274: 8235: 8232:mass killing 8231: 8225: 8219: 8215: 8209: 8203: 8197: 8193: 8189: 8186:mass killing 8171: 8156: 8125:Western Bloc 8114: 8091: 8061:Ernest Renan 8057: 8033:Jesus Christ 8030: 8000: 7962:in favor of 7941: 7880: 7840: 7794: 7751: 7670:Situationism 7667:Luxemburgism 7640: 7617: 7611: 7573: 7546:Soviet Union 7523: 7493:people's war 7489:Shining Path 7484: 7472:Soviet Union 7465: 7435: 7398: 7366: 7346:united front 7327: 7311: 7303:Soviet Union 7279:Leon Trotsky 7276: 7264:Leon Trotsky 7258:, fresco at 7255: 7219: 7214: 7164: 7129: 7121: 7100: 7078: 7065: 7061: 7054:Third Period 7019: 7010: 7005: 7001: 6943: 6898: 6896: 6865: 6858: 6855: 6850: 6820: 6815: 6800: 6792: 6782: 6771: 6756: 6746: 6387:Totalitarian 6270:Non-partisan 6250:Majoritarian 6231:Jeffersonian 6171:Deliberative 6161:Cosmopolitan 6156:Conservative 6136:Anticipatory 6088:Part of the 5919:Municipalism 5876: 5731:Bhattacharya 4876:Situationist 4851:Instrumental 4504:State theory 4469:Immiseration 4464:Human nature 4454:Exploitation 4284:accumulation 3889:Soviet model 3865: 3831: 3807:metaphysical 3803: 3792: 3778:Critique of 3777: 3754:dictatorship 3753: 3733:ruling class 3726: 3682: 3656: 3625: 3600: 3554:against its 3536:ruling class 3525: 3477:social class 3462: 3401: 3364: 3349: 3294: 3272: 3227:Russian flag 3183:Eastern Bloc 3172: 3157:Fidel Castro 3146: 3132:Since 1957, 3131: 3107: 3074:deviationist 3072: 3071:was branded 3041:East Germany 3022: 3009:Soviet Union 2999:Eastern Bloc 2976: 2939:revisionists 2924: 2903: 2871: 2855: 2851: 2805:World War II 2802: 2794:Alexei Rykov 2693: 2684: 2681:Soviet Union 2671:Soviet Union 2655: 2650:as the only 2643:revisionists 2641: 2624: 2618: 2598:law of value 2585: 2531: 2506: 2471: 2461: 2405: 2375: 2360:Leon Trotsky 2342:Soviet Union 2307: 2276: 2244:Jean Meslier 2215: 2205: 2192: 2189:Karl Kautsky 2170: 2160: 2152: 2128: 2115:led a large 2081: 2060: 2055:movement in 2029:ancient Rome 2010: 1965: 1959: 1953: 1947: 1938: 1936: 1896:Martin Malia 1884:Soviet Union 1871: 1870:, much like 1863: 1861: 1849: 1845: 1843: 1826: 1814: 1810: 1786: 1778: 1777:in place of 1774: 1772: 1735: 1725: 1715: 1712:phonetically 1707: 1695: 1683: 1679: 1677: 1652: 1648: 1646: 1641: 1637:co-operative 1635: 1629: 1621: 1617: 1611: 1607: 1605: 1571: 1541: 1534: 1526: 1521: 1513: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1471: 1470: 1430: 1380: 1368:World War II 1360:Soviet Union 1316:Jean Meslier 1297: 1231: 1194:approach of 1189: 1185:nation state 1120: 1119: 1003:LGBTQ rights 961:Anti-fascism 841:Soviet Union 212:Gift economy 169:Wage slavery 53: 38: 36: 27592:(1835–1840) 27472:(c. 350 BC) 27462:(c. 375 BC) 27079:Tocqueville 27044:Saint-Simon 27009:Montesquieu 26860:Bolingbroke 26792:Machiavelli 26672:Ibn Khaldun 26637:Alpharabius 26630:Middle Ages 26455:Natural law 26430:Common good 26355:Nationalism 26315:Imperialism 26285:Corporatism 26260:Colonialism 26240:Agrarianism 26219:Technocracy 26199:Meritocracy 26179:Bureaucracy 26169:Aristocracy 25922:Regionalism 25867:Imperialism 25830:Culturalism 25825:Colonialism 25755:Nationalism 25676:Familialism 25654:Corporatism 25624:Communalism 25604:Agrarianism 25581:Reactionary 25549:Centre-left 25417:Trade union 25209:Philippines 24660:Pre-Marxist 24653:Libertarian 24320:"Communism" 24179:Grove Press 23767:PDF version 23609:Verso Books 23394:"Socialism" 23336:: 450–452. 23161:Pluto Press 22951:: 134–146. 22838:: 191–201. 22788:17 November 22561:: 117–119. 22226:(1): 1–17. 21748:Khmer Rouge 21673:Ben Kiernan 21657:Khmer Rouge 21599:Khmer Rouge 21597:(Hungary), 21581:(Vietnam), 21569:(Romania), 21474:Ho Chi Minh 21470:Kim Il Sung 21448:example is 21427:antisemitic 21323:Kim Il Sung 21266:communism." 20902:24 November 20623:Leon (2013) 20214:26 December 20195: [ 20170:20 December 20100:1765/128856 19921:Verso Books 19843:14 November 19813:14 December 19458:: 476–501. 19198:Weiner 2002 19143:(1): 3–13. 19044:: 101–153. 18988:Fein, Helen 18614:. pp.  18548:. pp.  18127:Bob Black. 17450:Draper, Hal 17340:Rühle, Otto 17304:The Utopian 17253:(in French) 17216:MLM Library 17102:11 February 16557:Morgan 2001 16453:. Beijing: 16445:Mao, Zedong 16356:Morgan 2015 16344:Morgan 2015 16340:Morgan 2001 15864:26 December 15817:26 December 15147:: 111–130. 14982:19 December 14950:"Communism" 14934:capitalism. 14810:Morgan 2001 14724:29 November 14337:Lazar, Marc 14184:28 February 13820:. pp.  13413:16 February 13383:16 February 13063:Basic Books 12799:"Narodniks" 12715:Pluto Press 12630:: 487–508. 12460:: 263–280. 12411:: 207–218. 12295:: 549–564. 11903:19 December 11821:: 882–883. 11645:Vidal, Matt 11473:"Socialism" 11387:"Socialism" 11199:"Communist" 10929:(1): 5–19. 10731:(7): 1172. 10000:"Communism" 9987:Newman 2005 9929:Pluto Press 9502:Morgan 2015 9498:Newman 2005 9415:: 314–339. 9348:19 November 9125:Kinna, Ruth 9121:Kinna, Ruth 9007:Paul, Cedar 8894:Paul, Cedar 8787:"Communism" 8645:and social 8537:. In 2011, 8395:Scott Sehon 8289:colonialism 8194:mass deaths 8079:on Earth." 8073:Yegor Letov 8039:to support 7944:libertarian 7899:De Leonists 7860:proletarian 7844:World War I 7784:, labelled 7578:aspects of 7552:during the 7526:revisionist 7378:Mexico City 7126:imperialist 7114:Enver Hoxha 7056:in which a 7042:corporatist 6972:(including 6735:wither away 6495:Kleroterion 6377:Substantive 6352:Semi-direct 5882:Communalism 5281:Wallerstein 4871:Revisionist 4602:Film theory 4582:Criminology 4577:Archaeology 4489:Proletariat 4474:Imperialism 4387:Bourgeoisie 4362:Wage labour 4255:Reification 4045:On Practice 3710:bourgeoisie 3706:proletariat 3685:materialist 3532:bourgeoisie 3528:proletariat 3485:dialectical 3469:materialist 3455:(left) and 3412:libertarian 3404:vanguardism 3219:Soviet flag 3175:Warsaw Pact 3087:Enver Hoxha 2983:semi-colony 2827:South Korea 2823:North Korea 2786:Lev Kamenev 2766:Great Purge 2519:vanguardism 2429:land reform 2425:World War I 2418:before the 2304:proletariat 2280:Robert Owen 2228:agrarianist 2199:in Russia, 2163:Thomas More 2149:Thomas More 2096:Waldensians 2061:communistic 2041:Demosthenes 2021:egalitarian 1928:Afghanistan 1920:Khmer Rouge 1914:as radical 1768:proletariat 1764:bourgeoisie 1692:Christendom 1665:final goods 1661:consumption 1426:bureaucracy 1414:North Korea 1285:bourgeoisie 1281:labor power 1277:proletariat 1257:libertarian 1211:vanguardist 1147:within the 1045:Trade union 831:Philippines 274:Pre-Marxist 267:Libertarian 21:Communalism 27850:Categories 27800:Separatism 27608:On Liberty 27508:The Prince 27237:Huntington 26740:Campanella 26667:al-Ghazali 26616:Thucydides 26574:Lactantius 26519:Statolatry 26345:Monarchism 26325:Liberalism 26250:Capitalism 26233:Ideologies 26214:Plutocracy 26162:Government 26118:Revolution 26103:Propaganda 26053:Legitimacy 26028:Government 25937:Syncretism 25927:Separatism 25887:Militarism 25857:Federalism 25743:Monarchism 25723:Liberalism 25614:Capitalism 25564:Right-wing 25026:Berlinguer 24916:Khrushchev 24334:Libcom.org 23893:Bloomsbury 23654:Marx, Karl 23601:Dean, Jodi 23405:. p.  22183:: 85–102. 22125:. Oxford: 21983:See also: 21801:politicide 21665:xenophobic 21661:Helen Fein 21522:Bolsheviks 21520:While the 21464:, and the 21376:Mao Zedong 21362:, but the 21348:Stalin era 21216:Joel Kovel 21186:politics, 21067:. Oxford: 21009:29 October 20928:21 January 20443:1929223331 19807:Al Jazeera 19762:22 October 19704:22 October 19413:. Ithaca: 19239:. Ithaca: 19218:Dulić 2004 19202:Dulić 2004 19186:Harff 1996 19118:Harff 2017 19078:. London: 18660:. p.  18416:. p.  18382:. London: 18274:. Eugene: 18141:1 November 18061:19 January 17424:. London: 17257:9 February 17230:20 January 17023:5 November 15719:13 January 15676:13 January 15328:. London: 14998:Rees, John 14901:existence. 14890:. p.  14874:Marx, Karl 14844:. p.  14748:World Bank 14696:18 October 14617:. p.  13839:Brown 2009 13771:Brown 2009 13694:Brown 2009 13335:. London: 12269:0822957043 11862:, p.  11417:1035920683 11397:. p.  11092:Bloodlands 10887:. London: 10433:29 January 10086:13 January 9535:. Moscow: 9519:Marx, Karl 9471:. Moscow: 9455:Marx, Karl 9284:abandoned. 9131:. London: 9097:Britannica 9011:Paul, Eden 8898:Paul, Eden 8737:References 8587:capitalism 8435:Bloodlands 8293:Dovid Katz 8266:Mao Zedong 8237:repression 8221:politicide 8199:classicide 8161:, such as 8037:Christians 7960:capitalism 7946:theory of 7870:after its 7848:Bolsheviks 7774:recallable 7692:, and the 7678:Solidarity 7655:De Leonism 7643:autonomism 7613:Grundrisse 7600:Trotskyism 7461:dialectics 7438:Mao Zedong 7386:third camp 7254:Detail of 7246:Trotskyism 7240:Trotskyism 7234:Trotskyism 7177:, such as 7110:Trotskyism 7050:capitalist 6974:Trotskyist 6909:Bolsheviks 6888:capitalism 6807:anarchists 6745:stated in 6658:Historical 6570:Referendum 6525:Ochlocracy 6500:Liberalism 6490:Initiative 6367:Sociocracy 6295:Procedural 6265:Multiparty 6226:Jacksonian 6221:Industrial 6201:Grassroots 6186:Electronic 5939:Democratic 5804:Mediations 5416:Przeworski 5356:Poulantzas 5206:Sivanandan 5161:Bettelheim 5061:Horkheimer 5056:Mariátegui 5031:Pashukanis 4956:Liebknecht 4886:Wertkritik 4826:Analytical 4686:Trotskyism 4661:Autonomist 4652:Structural 4632:Philosophy 4572:Aesthetics 4357:Value-form 4325:Capitalist 4230:Alienation 4223:Philosophy 3975:Grundrisse 3842:revolution 3649:capitalism 3437:See also: 3333:CPN Maoist 3281:, and the 3245:See also: 3177:after the 3057:Yugoslavia 3029:superpower 2964:Liu Shaoqi 2951:Jiang Qing 2894:Korean War 2890:Kuomintang 2878:Mao Zedong 2872:After the 2835:Korean War 2746:Trotskyism 2720:, and the 2634:Stalin era 2614:wage labor 2457:casualties 2445:healthcare 2412:Mensheviks 2386:Bolsheviks 2292:Brook Farm 2117:Anabaptist 2104:Hutterites 1791:capitalism 1736:communists 1657:production 1626:Fourierism 1559:communisme 1481:communisme 1459:, such as 1387:mass media 1354:espousing 1261:capitalism 646:Berlinguer 536:Khrushchev 27911:Socialism 27856:Communism 27518:Leviathan 27498:Monarchia 27492:(c. 1274) 27327:Oakeshott 27272:Mansfield 27267:Luxemburg 27252:Kropotkin 27147:Bernstein 27100:centuries 27014:Nietzsche 26957:Jefferson 26885:Condorcet 26833:centuries 26812:Pufendorf 26677:Marsilius 26564:Confucius 26549:Aristotle 26542:Antiquity 26470:Noble lie 26390:Third Way 26385:Socialism 26310:Feudalism 26265:Communism 26245:Anarchism 26224:Theocracy 26209:Oligarchy 26189:Democracy 26174:Autocracy 26088:Pluralism 26073:Obedience 26038:Hierarchy 25998:Authority 25917:Reformism 25902:Pluralism 25862:Globalism 25852:Extremism 25787:Third Way 25782:Socialism 25765:Classical 25738:Masculism 25629:Communism 25609:Anarchism 25569:Far-right 25544:Left-wing 25397:Red Scare 25280:Criticism 25160:By region 25141:Hatherley 24971:Althusser 24906:Togliatti 24856:Kollontai 24851:Luxemburg 24836:Pannekoek 24831:Malatesta 24826:Kropotkin 24682:Christian 24677:Religious 24672:Primitive 24638:Anarchist 24620:Use value 24588:Economics 24455:Communism 24398:See also 24392:18 August 24273:(1984) . 24253:Routledge 24007:0305-7240 23997:1465-3877 23885:(2014) . 23761:219053421 23716:. Watts. 23656:(1998) . 23531:Routledge 23496:Communism 23358:142217169 23334:MIT Press 23270:"Ci–Cz". 23191:MIT Press 23176:15 August 23103:31 August 23039:25 August 22999:25 August 22869:Communism 22630:4 January 22559:MIT Press 22533:316035698 22488:12 August 22306:144650061 22244:(1970) . 22205:145120734 22041:(2020b). 21678:genocides 21609:(Nepal), 21575:Guevarism 21563:Castroism 21550:Trudoviks 21538:Narodniks 21478:Stalinism 21396:Karl Marx 21261:activist 21242:Communism 21238:communism 21228:communism 21224:Communism 21208:Communism 21192:reformism 21152:hard left 21133:. Unlike 20983:20 August 20849:153398717 20828:Challenge 20750:153995367 20742:0966-8136 20699:4 January 20677:4 January 20320:143701601 20304:0960-7773 20109:225580086 20019:142458412 19947:(2015) . 19757:0099-9660 19594:28 August 19480:144879341 19319:12 August 19173:145155872 19157:0022-3433 19013:13 August 18968:13 August 18923:13 August 18877:13 August 18832:13 August 18790:13 August 18701:15 August 18658:Routledge 18612:Routledge 18519:13 August 18491:15 August 18414:Zondervan 18404:(1992) . 18294:994706026 18234:(1953) . 18193:struggle. 17626:143169141 17516:1 October 17402:31 August 17374:31 August 17251:Mediapart 17183:154407265 16851:Routledge 16820:Routledge 16703:146375012 16687:0925-9392 16395:146848013 16314:Routledge 16163:0893-5696 16105:0090-5917 16051:: 39–51. 15918:221178956 15645:219746578 15637:2326-4462 15585:MR Online 15498:910250140 15431:213805975 15383:216233458 15330:Routledge 15249:219746578 15241:2326-4462 15166:19 August 15161:144067197 15032:(1967) . 15006:Routledge 14919:Routledge 14758:10 August 14523:Vedomosti 14472:10 August 14467:0190-8286 14436:13 August 14004:Routledge 13948:154814055 13423:cite book 13297:12 August 13216:145419232 13208:1356-9317 13165:18 August 13150:Routledge 13129:156132823 13113:0037-6779 12872:Routledge 12851:500808890 12812:18 August 12779:Narodniki 12768:18 August 12753:Routledge 12730:18 August 12652:155515389 12593:Routledge 12526:(1979) . 12433:161700029 12372:18 August 12366:Utopia500 12345:18 August 12317:163924226 12003:: 83–89. 11790:159716738 11511:(2002) . 11471:(1985) . 11270:13 August 11210:15 August 11171:Routledge 11085:See also 11079:17 August 11048:17 August 10994:17 August 10889:Routledge 10619:13 August 10572:205667754 10548:0966-8136 10500:0966-8136 10365:1046-1868 10157:10 August 10123:10 August 9899:13 August 9857:23 August 9815:23 August 9774:13 August 9722:18 August 9521:(1969) . 9457:(1969) . 9437:154948426 9429:2159-8312 9413:Routledge 9302:Routledge 9073:3 January 9021:18 August 8992:(1922) . 8962:18 August 8945:(2005) . 8908:18 August 8879:(1922) . 8742:Citations 8583:Jodi Dean 8285:Karl Marx 8250:John Gray 8227:holocaust 8169:is not. 8098:Karl Marx 8088:Reception 7948:anarchism 7903:Bordigism 7806:reformist 7770:delegates 7698:post-left 7686:workerism 7632:anarchism 7604:reformist 7592:Stalinism 7283:Stalinism 7272:Karl Marx 7146:Stalinism 7140:Stalinism 7101:Stalinism 6962:Comintern 6917:socialism 6739:Karl Marx 6595:Sortition 6550:Polyarchy 6410:Anarchism 6392:Workplace 6372:Sovereign 6362:Socialist 6342:Sectarian 6320:Christian 6310:Religious 6285:Pluralist 6240:Illiberal 6216:Inclusive 6191:Empowered 6166:Defensive 6151:Consensus 6097:Democracy 5986:Economism 5949:Reformist 5929:Socialism 5877:Communism 5857:Anarchism 5711:Coulthard 5636:McDonnell 5596:Screpanti 5506:Rowbotham 5371:Harnecker 5181:Althusser 5121:Deutscher 4961:Kollontai 4951:Luxemburg 4931:Plekhanov 4861:Nkrumaism 4772:Classical 4746:Political 4671:Guevarism 4627:Sociology 4607:Geography 4427:Democracy 4375:Sociology 4330:Socialist 4295:Commodity 3870:, versus 3729:feudalism 3645:feudalism 3574:based on 3493:Karl Marx 3453:Karl Marx 3147:In 1959, 3140:state of 3065:Cominform 3019:in yellow 2955:Red Guard 2776:. In the 2710:broad ban 2694:communism 2658:with the 2656:socialism 2625:socialist 2586:socialism 2542:socialism 2496:. In the 2484:formed a 2453:Petrograd 2407:Obshchina 2109:Karl Marx 2033:Aristotle 2017:classless 1872:socialism 1868:Red Scare 1864:communism 1827:Communist 1815:socialist 1811:communist 1799:Bolshevik 1787:socialism 1779:communism 1775:socialism 1708:communism 1696:communism 1684:socialism 1680:communism 1653:socialism 1649:communism 1642:communism 1631:mutualism 1618:socialism 1613:socialism 1608:communism 1572:communism 1527:communism 1522:Communism 1472:Communism 1362:with the 1121:Communism 1025:Red Scare 783:By region 761:Hatherley 591:Althusser 526:Togliatti 476:Kollontai 471:Luxemburg 456:Pannekoek 451:Malatesta 446:Kropotkin 296:Christian 291:Religious 286:Primitive 252:Anarchist 232:Use value 201:Economics 54:Communism 27773:Centrism 27468:Politics 27458:Republic 27427:Voegelin 27407:Spengler 27392:Shariati 27367:Rothbard 27322:Nussbaum 27222:Habermas 27197:Fukuyama 27187:Foucault 27112:Ambedkar 27089:Voltaire 27059:de Staël 27034:Rousseau 26915:Franklin 26890:Constant 26850:Beccaria 26682:Muhammad 26662:Gelasius 26647:Averroes 26621:Xenophon 26601:Polybius 26554:Chanakya 26399:Concepts 26365:Populism 26335:Localism 26320:Islamism 26305:Feminism 26204:Monarchy 26108:Property 26098:Progress 26063:Monopoly 26033:Hegemony 25907:Populism 25897:Pacifism 25892:Nihilism 25882:Localism 25801:See also 25748:Royalism 25718:Islamism 25713:Hindutva 25698:Feminism 25554:Centrism 25539:Far-left 25529:Moderate 25524:Hardline 25368:New Left 25363:Old Left 25257:Red star 25172:Colombia 25091:Gordillo 25066:Holloway 25011:Guattari 24981:Pasolini 24966:Hobsbawm 24951:Beauvoir 24911:Benjamin 24886:Bukharin 24876:Thälmann 24648:Leninist 24630:Variants 24462:Concepts 24338:Archived 24224:(2010). 24173:(2009). 24068:(2014). 24046:(2003). 24009:(print). 23939:(2019). 23859:(2014). 23776:(2000). 23603:(2012). 23577:(2007). 23551:(1994). 23457:Elsevier 23431:(1960). 23391:(1983). 23292:(1992). 23255:: 1–10. 23150:(2004). 23098:40260182 23078:(2001). 23024:Elsevier 22984:Elsevier 22965:23337831 22905:12 March 22860:49573923 22736:42809979 22675:49573923 22585:(2017). 22482:Archived 22438:(2018). 22428:30464360 22298:20057628 22119:(2002). 22097:(2009). 22025:1 August 22020:36367345 22004:(1895). 21928:(1901). 21797:genocide 21758:Le Monde 21595:Kadarism 21587:Husakism 21583:Hoxhaism 21577:(Cuba), 21573:(Peru), 21567:Ceaușism 21565:(Cuba), 21548:and the 21540:and the 21468:), plus 21408:democide 21246:Leninist 21188:localism 21147:far-left 21061:(2022). 21027:(2015). 20672:12011202 20541:(2017). 20460:(2016). 20428:(2002). 20396:(2017). 20346:5 August 20312:41485456 19915:(2014). 19897:6 August 19558:47924025 19513:20996281 19472:40060166 19407:(2005). 19391:25834800 19331:Le Monde 19233:(2005). 19165:25654524 19058:23746851 18945:(2013). 18900:(2011). 18854:(2007). 18767:(2004). 18719:(2020). 18374:(1910). 18216:26 March 18159:(1926). 17912:(1983). 17802:(1926). 17718:(1989). 17647:(1920). 17574:14 April 17545:14 April 17470:25 April 17452:(1971). 17420:(2007). 17395:Aufheben 17342:(2007). 17308:Archived 16908:(2005). 16746:(1991). 16695:20099669 16599:(1993). 16496:1 August 16482:(1978). 16460:1 August 16447:(1964). 16292:23008565 16236:Novy Mir 15892:CQ Press 15858:Archived 15811:Archived 15670:Archived 15589:Archived 15558:Archived 15553:Eurozine 15521:Archived 15348:48139638 15275:Fronesis 15000:(1998). 14880:(1845). 14832:(1987). 14742:(2005). 14690:Archived 14634:parties. 14590:27 April 14562:30 March 14351:(eds.). 14237:Chambers 14133:25495509 13890:(2008). 13866:Archived 13810:(2011). 13786:(1984). 13709:(2006). 13646:(2006). 13630:57589785 13553:(eds.). 13266:(2004). 12689:1 August 12587:(2010). 12231:ABC-CLIO 12175:18 April 12152:(2019). 12130:18 April 12111:ABC-CLIO 12033:(1983). 11960:Springer 11925:(2001). 11750:42895560 11573:(eds.). 11533:(2020). 11437:(1883). 11356:(1992). 11165:(2018). 11113:(2014). 10881:(2010). 10745:43510161 10714:(2002). 10669:67783643 10661:27752256 10564:19326595 10422:Truthout 10373:45290119 10347:(1991). 10271:Archived 10225:Archived 10194:Archived 10151:Archived 10117:Archived 10077:Archived 9050:CQ Press 8654:See also 8575:liberals 8281:genocide 8216:genocide 8211:democide 8182:genocide 8083:Analysis 7974:; and a 7801:Leninist 7694:New Left 7663:Lettrism 7554:Cold War 7548:and its 7480:Hoxhaism 7457:populism 7453:peasants 7394:Pabloism 7390:Posadism 7350:cultural 7332:form of 6988:, and a 6984:through 6954:Leninism 6845:Leninism 6824:—  6786:—  6560:Populism 6315:Buddhist 6260:Monitory 6181:Economic 6146:Cellular 6141:Athenian 5912:Old Left 5907:New Left 5774:Antipode 5768:Journals 5671:Heinrich 5646:Roediger 5641:Douzinas 5631:Hennessy 5586:Holloway 5501:Hartsock 5491:Eagleton 5476:Federici 5451:Bannerji 5426:Therborn 5406:Rancière 5401:Easthope 5381:Anderson 5376:Altvater 5276:O'Connor 5271:Mészáros 5266:Guattari 5221:Thompson 5211:Miliband 5191:Williams 5176:Hobsbawm 5151:Emmanuel 5131:Beauvoir 5096:Lefebvre 5041:Benjamin 5006:Bukharin 4986:Zinoviev 4981:Grossman 4966:Bogdanov 4941:Connolly 4921:Lafargue 4866:Orthodox 4836:Centrist 4787:Leninism 4782:Feminist 4731:Humanist 4712:Hegelian 4240:Ideology 3917:a series 3915:Part of 3794:a priori 3708:and the 3628:Leninism 3521:idealist 3371:Leninism 3305:The Left 3289:and the 3115:New Left 3033:Bulgaria 2995:Cold War 2989:Cold War 2947:Lin Biao 2880:and the 2818:Cold War 2706:ideology 2610:interest 2527:Leninist 2473:de facto 2364:Red Army 2167:treatise 2151:, whose 2123:, which 2088:monastic 2067:and the 1970:states. 1890:and the 1831:Leninism 1732:Owenites 1710:was too 1688:religion 1596:red star 1518:doctrine 1509:communis 1491:communis 1253:Leninism 1179:and the 1145:ideology 1142:economic 1129:communis 996:New Left 991:Old Left 881:Red star 794:Colombia 711:Gordillo 686:Holloway 631:Guattari 601:Pasolini 586:Hobsbawm 571:Beauvoir 531:Benjamin 506:Bukharin 496:Thälmann 262:Leninist 245:Variants 71:Concepts 46:a series 44:Part of 27810:Statism 27723:Elitism 27681:Related 27482:(51 BC) 27412:Strauss 27387:Scruton 27382:Schmitt 27372:Russell 27292:Michels 27287:Maurras 27282:Marcuse 27242:Kautsky 27212:Gramsci 27207:Gentile 27177:Dworkin 27167:Du Bois 27162:Dmowski 27157:Chomsky 27152:Burnham 27137:Benoist 27107:Agamben 27074:Thoreau 27064:Stirner 27054:Spencer 26999:Mazzini 26989:Maistre 26984:Madison 26979:Le Play 26910:Fourier 26875:Carlyle 26855:Bentham 26845:Bastiat 26840:Bakunin 26817:Spinoza 26807:Müntzer 26777:Leibniz 26750:Grotius 26730:Bossuet 26697:Plethon 26642:Aquinas 26611:Sun Tzu 26579:Mencius 26569:Han Fei 26340:Marxism 26300:Fascism 26133:Society 26058:Liberty 26043:Justice 26023:Freedom 25932:Statism 25792:Zionism 25733:Marxism 25681:Fascism 25576:Radical 25390:Romania 25239:Symbols 25229:Vietnam 25224:Sumatra 25167:Britain 25136:Prashad 25116:Graeber 25096:Gilmore 25081:Sankara 25071:Hampton 25006:Guevara 24956:Nkrumah 24936:Padmore 24896:Gramsci 24866:Trotsky 24841:Du Bois 24801:Meslier 24694:History 24665:Utopian 24643:Marxism 24509:Commune 24372:at the 23704:4502285 23350:3656222 22896:OUPblog 22419:6223831 22197:4149657 22160:10 June 21809:Lon Nol 21744:Pol Pot 21669:fascism 21629:regimes 21615:Titoism 21462:Mao era 21380:Pol Pot 21105:27 June 20957:15 June 20663:1732171 19672:15 June 19605:120–8). 18574:28 June 18384:Cassell 17780:31 July 17659:31 July 16286:: 151. 15781:7 March 15737:(1852). 15463:(4): 9. 15060:method. 14498:15 June 14124:4331212 13872:18 July 13121:2492782 12644:2009334 12561:Praeger 12474:2708927 12425:3161310 12115:Praeger 12113:ebook. 12058:10 June 12017:4342653 11835:2697429 11692:Praeger 11608:Praeger 11517:Penguin 11367:11 July 10989:2166597 10853:1149284 10016:15 June 10005:Encarta 9542:1 March 9479:1 March 9243:16 July 8799:10 June 8550:Ukraine 8494:poverty 8363:of the 8270:Pol Pot 8035:compel 7966:of the 7889:, from 7887:capital 7856:Marxist 7780:and of 7580:Marxism 7485:Maoists 7189:of the 7062:fascist 7034:fascism 6950:Marxism 6890:in the 6868:Marxist 6780:wrote: 6325:Islamic 6300:Radical 6290:Popular 6236:Liberal 6117:Indices 6107:History 6011:Outline 5964:Utopian 5741:Srnicek 5726:Toscano 5721:Seymour 5676:Prashad 5626:Sankara 5621:Berardi 5606:Hampton 5581:Burawoy 5551:Panitch 5546:Haraway 5536:Cleaver 5521:Brenner 5486:Balibar 5441:Postone 5431:Losurdo 5361:Vattimo 5331:Gonzalo 5326:Jameson 5316:Parenti 5256:Liebman 5251:Guevara 5141:Nkrumah 5136:Sombart 5111:Padmore 5081:Kalecki 5076:Marcuse 5036:Bordiga 5021:Gramsci 4976:Trotsky 4936:Du Bois 4926:Kautsky 4802:Western 4681:Titoism 4566:Aspects 4522:History 4442:Radical 4280:Capital 3980:Capital 3925:Marxism 3716:of the 3582:", and 3433:Marxism 3394:of the 3367:Marxism 3329:Maoists 3317:CPN UML 3258:of the 3223:Kremlin 3189:of the 3136:in the 3079:Albania 3069:Titoism 3049:Romania 2638:Mao era 2437:soviets 2433:soviets 2212:Diggers 2208:Puritan 2169:titled 2135:Marxist 2086:, some 2049:Tacitus 1974:History 1932:Hungary 1912:regimes 1906:; this 1785:, that 1700:atheist 1531:Marxism 1418:Vietnam 1249:Marxism 1163:of the 1018:Romania 864:Symbols 851:Vietnam 846:Sumatra 789:Britain 756:Prashad 736:Graeber 716:Gilmore 701:Sankara 691:Hampton 626:Guevara 576:Nkrumah 556:Padmore 516:Gramsci 486:Trotsky 461:Du Bois 421:Meslier 311:History 279:Utopian 257:Marxism 117:Commune 27672:(1992) 27662:(1971) 27652:(1951) 27642:(1945) 27632:(1944) 27622:(1929) 27612:(1859) 27602:(1848) 27582:(1820) 27572:(1791) 27562:(1790) 27552:(1762) 27542:(1748) 27532:(1689) 27522:(1651) 27512:(1532) 27502:(1313) 27432:Walzer 27422:Taylor 27377:Sartre 27342:Popper 27337:Pareto 27332:Ortega 27317:Nozick 27307:Mouffe 27257:Laclau 27217:Guénon 27202:Gandhi 27142:Berlin 27132:Bauman 27127:Badiou 27117:Arendt 27084:Tucker 26974:Le Bon 26935:Herder 26925:Haller 26920:Godwin 26905:Fichte 26900:Engels 26895:Cortés 26865:Bonald 26822:Suárez 26797:Milton 26787:Luther 26760:Hobbes 26745:Filmer 26735:Calvin 26720:Boétie 26713:period 26692:Ockham 26559:Cicero 26360:Nazism 26148:Utopia 26123:Rights 26113:Regime 26083:People 26068:Nation 25770:Modern 25686:Nazism 25214:Poland 25187:Kerala 25177:France 25131:Fisher 25126:Kelley 25121:Lordon 25101:Marcos 25086:Öcalan 25051:Newton 25041:Badiou 25036:Guzmán 25016:Debord 25001:Berger 24996:Castro 24986:Mandel 24976:Freire 24941:Sartre 24881:Makhno 24871:Lukács 24861:Stalin 24821:Morris 24816:Engels 24806:Babeuf 24791:Mazdak 24783:People 24285:  24259:  24236:  24210:  24185:  24159:  24136:  24110:  24080:  24054:  24032:  24005:  23995:  23970:  23947:  23925:  23899:  23871:  23845:  23819:  23788:  23759:  23720:  23702:  23666:  23638:  23615:  23589:  23563:  23537:  23493:about 23471:  23413:  23373:  23356:  23348:  23304:  23278:  23197:  23167:  23136:  23096:  23064:  23030:  22990:  22963:  22926:  22879:  22858:  22852:261138 22850:  22811:  22779:  22755:  22734:  22694:  22673:  22667:261138 22665:  22608:  22575:206491 22573:  22531:  22521:  22452:  22426:  22416:  22379:  22352:  22304:  22296:  22203:  22195:  22133:  22105:  22083:  22055:  22018:  21991:, and 21831:Quotes 21719:flaws. 21647:, and 21482:Nazism 21366:, the 21075:  21041:  20874:  20847:  20805:  20776:7 July 20748:  20740:  20670:  20660:  20587:  20553:  20521:  20474:  20440:  20408:  20376:  20318:  20310:  20302:  20263:  20140:  20107:  20017:  19959:  19927:  19891:Satory 19755:  19585:  19556:  19546:  19511:  19501:  19478:  19470:  19421:  19389:  19310:  19279:  19247:  19171:  19163:  19155:  19094:  19056:  19004:  18959:  18914:  18868:  18823:  18781:  18731:  18668:  18630:  18560:  18459:  18424:  18346:  18292:  18282:  18084:  17983:  17955:  17924:  17874:  17839:15 May 17726:  17700:27 May 17624:  17432:  17350:  17181:  17175:651881 17173:  17131:  16992:  16965:131248 16963:  16922:  16888:  16857:  16826:  16792:  16760:  16726:  16701:  16693:  16685:  16642:  16611:  16427:  16393:  16320:  16290:  16161:  16113:191498 16111:  16103:  16000:. CNN. 15941:  15916:  15906:  15850:  15772:  15643:  15635:  15496:  15486:  15429:  15419:  15381:  15346:  15336:  15247:  15239:  15200:  15159:  15012:  14925:  14852:  14658:  14625:  14465:  14373:  14319:  14275:  14243:  14216:3 June 14131:  14121:  14078:  14047:  14010:  13975:  13946:  13904:  13754:  13723:  13677:  13628:  13618:  13582:  13530:130963 13528:  13454:  13343:  13288:  13214:  13206:  13156:  13127:  13119:  13111:  13069:  13038:  13011:  12980:  12936:  12909:  12878:  12849:  12839:  12759:  12721:  12685:: 1–55 12650:  12642:  12599:  12567:  12538:  12472:  12431:  12423:  12315:  12309:459753 12307:  12266:  12237:  12204:  12166:  12121:  12086:  12015:  11974:  11937:  11889:  11833:  11788:  11748:  11698:  11669:  11614:  11585:  11545:  11491:  11451:456632 11449:  11415:  11405:  11332:  11177:  11142:  11087:p. 384 11043:153614 11041:  10987:  10895:  10851:  10743:  10694:  10667:  10659:  10570:  10562:  10556:153593 10554:  10546:  10508:153614 10506:  10498:  10371:  10363:  10307:  10263:  10186:  10043:  9970:  9935:  9890:  9848:  9806:  9713:  9658:  9622:  9573:  9435:  9427:  9339:  9308:  9213:22 May 9201:"Left" 9139:  9102:13 May 9064:  8855:456632 8853:  8824:  8629:, the 8617:, and 8613:, the 8609:, the 8605:, the 8577:, and 8509:, the 8403:Nazism 8351:, and 8256:, and 8234:, and 8007:egoist 8005:, are 7958:, and 7724:, and 7684:, and 7680:, the 7657:, the 7596:Maoism 7540:, and 7417:Maoism 7411:Maoism 7392:, and 7270:, and 7130:façade 6980:, the 6861:(1903) 6653:Europe 6643:Africa 6637:Region 6610:Voting 6520:Motion 6357:Social 6335:Mormon 6330:Jewish 6245:Liquid 6206:Guided 6196:Ethnic 6176:Direct 6112:Theory 5959:Social 5944:Market 5746:Horvat 5701:Fisher 5696:Linera 5691:Lordon 5681:Kelley 5666:Marcos 5661:Ghandy 5651:Foster 5576:Fraser 5571:Wright 5561:Jessop 5556:Clarke 5541:Bishop 5531:Massey 5511:Mouffe 5461:Newton 5456:Spivak 5446:Rodney 5411:Berman 5366:Badiou 5346:Laclau 5341:Harvey 5336:Dussel 5296:Debord 5291:Tronti 5261:Heller 5246:Castro 5241:Berger 5226:Bauman 5216:Cabral 5201:Mandel 5196:Freire 5186:Hinton 5166:Draper 5146:Sweezy 5116:Sartre 5106:Adorno 5071:Brecht 5026:Galiev 5001:Korsch 4996:Lukács 4971:Stalin 4916:Morris 4911:Engels 4899:People 4676:Maoism 4597:Ethics 4437:Soviet 4155:Empire 3789:axioms 3548:profit 3483:and a 3361:Theory 3343:. The 3277:, the 3211:Cheget 3142:Kerala 3138:Indian 3045:Poland 2931:Maoist 2796:, and 2764:. The 2738:cadres 2716:, the 2619:While 2612:, and 2606:profit 2525:, and 2266:, and 2250:, and 2185:virtue 2181:reason 2172:Utopia 2154:Utopia 2133:. The 2069:clergy 2057:Persia 2053:Mazdak 2047:, and 2037:Cicero 2005:, and 1964:, and 1916:Soviet 1500:isme ( 1496:common 1476:French 1416:, and 1342:, and 1300:France 1267:, and 1263:, its 1255:, and 1243:, and 1202:, and 1140:, and 1123:(from 836:Poland 809:Kerala 799:France 751:Fisher 746:Kelley 741:Lordon 721:Marcos 706:Öcalan 671:Newton 661:Badiou 656:Guzmán 636:Debord 621:Berger 616:Castro 606:Mandel 596:Freire 561:Sartre 501:Makhno 491:Lukács 481:Stalin 441:Morris 436:Engels 426:Babeuf 411:Mazdak 404:People 27821:Index 27450:Works 27437:Weber 27402:Spann 27397:Sorel 27362:Röpke 27357:Rawls 27312:Negri 27302:Mosca 27297:Mises 27262:Lenin 27232:Hoppe 27227:Hayek 27192:Fromm 27182:Evola 27172:Dugin 27069:Taine 27049:Smith 27029:Renan 27024:Paine 26945:Iqbal 26930:Hegel 26880:Comte 26870:Burke 26782:Locke 26772:James 26725:Bodin 26657:Dante 26652:Bruni 26606:Shang 26589:Plato 26143:State 26093:Power 26078:Peace 26013:Elite 25991:Terms 25845:Multi 25835:Inter 25708:Green 25199:Nepal 25194:Korea 25182:India 25151:Saito 25106:Hardt 25076:Zizek 25061:Davis 25046:Sison 25031:Negri 24991:Fanon 24946:Hoxha 24931:James 24846:Lenin 24402:from 23991:(4). 23757:S2CID 23700:JSTOR 23354:S2CID 23346:JSTOR 23332:(3). 23157:(PDF) 23094:JSTOR 22856:S2CID 22848:JSTOR 22773:(PDF) 22732:S2CID 22710:(PDF) 22671:S2CID 22663:JSTOR 22590:(PDF) 22571:JSTOR 22302:S2CID 22294:JSTOR 22201:S2CID 22193:JSTOR 22010:[ 21591:Juche 21352:Gulag 21310:Juche 21294:Juche 21290:Juche 21286:Juche 21281:Juche 21190:, or 20845:S2CID 20746:S2CID 20316:S2CID 20308:JSTOR 20206:(31, 20199:] 20105:S2CID 20044:(6). 20015:S2CID 19476:S2CID 19468:JSTOR 19387:JSTOR 19271:[ 19169:S2CID 19161:JSTOR 19054:JSTOR 19040:(2). 18620:20–23 18554:80–81 17622:S2CID 17311:(PDF) 17179:S2CID 17171:JSTOR 16961:JSTOR 16699:S2CID 16691:JSTOR 16636:BRILL 16415:[ 16391:S2CID 16288:JSTOR 16282:(4). 16109:JSTOR 15914:S2CID 15713:(PDF) 15696:(PDF) 15641:S2CID 15427:S2CID 15270:(PDF) 15245:S2CID 15194:Brill 15157:S2CID 15131:(PDF) 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