Hutterites - Knowledge

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colony. The "German" education of colony children is the responsibility of the "Assistant Minister" at some colonies, but most colonies elect a "German Teacher", who in most cases also takes care of the colony garden. His job entails training in German language studies, Bible teaching, and scripture memorization. The German Teacher co-operates with the outside teacher with regard to scheduling and planning. Some Hutterite colonies are allowed to send their children to public school as the parents see fit, but in some cases it is customary to remove them from school entirely in 8th grade or at the age of 15; however, many colonies offer them a full grade 12 diploma and in some cases a university degree. Public school in these instances is seen as a luxury and children are sometimes made to miss days of school in favor of duties at the colony. In a few rare cases, allowing a child to continue attending school past this limit can result in punishment of the parents, including shunning and removal from the church.

1663:, which speak of the believers' "having all things in common." Thus the colony owns and operates its buildings and equipment like a corporation, with all profits reinvested in the community. Housing units are built and assigned to individual families but belong to the colony, and there is very little personal property. There are no paychecks on Hutterite colonies, as members are expected to work for the good of the community. Allowances are given, with the monetary amount varying heavily between colonies. Lunch and dinner meals are taken by the entire colony in a dining or fellowship room. Men and women sit in a segregated fashion. Special occasions sometimes allow entire families to enjoy meals together, but individual housing units do have kitchens which are used for breakfast meals. 1995:, Daniel Hofer Sr. of Lakeside Colony challenged the right of the Hutterian Brethren Church to expel him and other members. The igniting issue focused on who owned the rights to a patented hog feeder. The Board of Managers of the Colony had ruled that Hofer did not own the patent of the hog feeder in question and should stop producing the item. Hofer refused to submit to what he considered was an injustice and also refused to obey the colony's order of expulsion. In response Jacob Kleinsasser of Crystal Spring Colony, elder of the Schmiedleut group of Hutterites, tried to use the state to enforce the expulsion order. Daniel Hofer Sr. initially lost the case. Hofer also lost his first appeal but finally won on an appeal to the 1747:

computers and radios; and some (mostly liberal Schmiedeleut colonies) have Internet access. Farming equipment technology generally matches or exceeds that of non-Hutterite farmers. Lehrerleut colonies have recently struggled with the proliferation of computers and have clamped down, so that computers are no longer allowed in households and their use is limited to only business and farming operations, including animal, feed and crop management. As the world evolves more, however, and technology is used more and more for work and communication, many Hutterite young people use computers, photos, and the internet for keeping in contact with their friends and relatives and meeting new people outside the colony.

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rather than a documentary. Some of the Hutterite cast later said that some of the scenes were scripted and that they were not aware of how the final version would portray the Hutterites. Jeff Collins stated that he believes King Colony members were coerced to write retractions, under threat of excommunication from Hutterite leaders. Colony leaders from King Ranch Colony wrote a letter to the National Geographic Society asking for an apology and that the show be discontinued, citing a false portrayal of Hutterites and a "breach of contract and defamation of our life and our character" as the reason. In 2013,

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colonies are again venturing into the manufacturing sector, a change that is reminiscent of an early period of Hutterite life in Europe. Before the Hutterites emigrated to North America, they relied on manufacturing to sustain their communities. It was only in Russia that the Hutterites learned to farm from the Mennonites. Because of the increasing automation of farming (large equipment, GPS-controlled seeding, spraying, etc.), farming operations have become much more efficient. Many colonies that have gone into manufacturing believe they need to provide their members with a higher level of education.

1705: 703: 1236: 29: 1617:(from German "tailor") and thus she is in charge of clothes' making and purchasing the colony's fabric requirements for the making of all clothing. The term "boss" is used widely in colony language. Aside from the Secretary, who functions as the business boss, there are a number of other significant "boss" positions in most colonies. The most significant in the average colony is the "Farm Boss". This person is responsible for all aspects of overseeing grain farming operations. This includes crop management, 1532:, depending on their locale, for their income. Colonies in the modern era have been shifting to manufacturing as it gets more difficult to make a living on farming alone. The colony is virtually self-sufficient as far as labor, constructing its own buildings, doing its own maintenance and repair on equipment, making its own clothes, etc., is concerned. This has changed in recent years and colonies have started to depend a little more on outside sources for food, clothing and other goods. 1610:

position as president in matters related to the incorporation of the legal business entity associated with each colony. The Secretary is widely referred to as the colony "Manager", "Boss" or "Business Boss" and is responsible for the business operations of the colony, such as bookkeeping, cheque-writing and budget organization. The Assistant Minister helps with church leadership (preaching) responsibilities, but will often also be the "German Teacher" for the school-aged children.

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must split the business operations as evenly as possible. This means deciding which colony may take on, for example, either hog farming or dairy. Colony members are given a chance to voice concerns about which group a family is assigned to, but at some point, a final decision is made. This process can be very difficult and stressful for a colony, as many political and family dynamics become topics of discussion, and not everyone will be happy about the process or its results.

1953:: "Christ shows that Christians may not go to court when he says, 'If anyone will sue you and take away your coat, let him have your cloak also.' In effect Jesus is saying, 'It is better to let people take everything than to quarrel with them and find yourself in a strange court.' Christ wants us to show that we seek what is heavenly and belongs to us, and not what is temporal or alien to us. Thus, it is evident that a Christian can neither go to court nor be a judge." 1308: 1672: 1518: 2035: 5508: 2780: 1553: 563: 1871: 1071:, met the Hutterian Brethren at Alvinc. These Carinthian Protestants read the "account of the belief of the Hutterian Brethren" written by Peter Riedemann, which was given to them by the Brothers, and then decided to join the Hutterites. This latter group revived the Hutterite religion, became dominant among the Hutterites and replaced the Tyrolean dialect of the old Hutterites by their Carinthian one, both being 46: 826:

later became Anabaptists. While a connection between a violent social revolution and non-resistant Anabaptism may be hard to imagine, the common link was the desire for a radical change in the prevailing social injustices. Disappointed with the failure of armed revolt, Anabaptist ideals of an alternative peaceful, just society probably resonated on the ears of the disappointed peasants.

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to other traditional Anabaptist groups like the Amish or the Old Order Mennonites. While Hutterite women traditionally married around the ages of 20 or 21, marriages in the 21st century very often are delayed until the late 20s. Whereas Hutterite women traditionally had children until their mid 40s, today most Hutterite women have their last child around the age of 35.

2093:. Arnold forged links with the North American Hutterites in the 1930s, continuing until 1990 when the Bruderhof were excommunicated because of a number of religious and social differences. They are now an international group with communities in several countries including England and are theologically quite similar to Hutterites, while being more open to outsiders. 1933:. Eventually, this led to the replacement of the Hutterites' Tyrolean dialect by the Carinthian dialect. The Amish and Hutterite German dialects are not generally mutually intelligible because the dialects originate from regions that are several hundred kilometres (miles) apart. In their religious exercises, Hutterites use a classic Lutheran German. 1726:

stone or granite forming, to name a few. One unique project came together in South Dakota. A group of 44 colonies joined to create a turkey processing center where their poultry can be processed. The plant hired non-Hutterite staff to process the poultry for market. This plant helped to secure demand for the colonies' poultry.

170: 937:, i.e. forbidding its members from taking part in military activities, taking orders from military persons, wearing a formal uniform (such as a soldier's or a police officer's) or paying taxes to be spent on war. This has led to expulsion from or persecution in the several lands in which they have lived. 2724:

as executive producer, the colony was paid $ 100,000 for permission to produce a documentary of Hutterite life. Immediately after the first airing, many Hutterites began to complain that the show did not represent a true picture of typical colony life and ended up being a reality show or "soap opera"

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The very high birth rate among the Hutterites has decreased dramatically since 1950, as they have dropped from around ten children per family in 1954 to around five in 2010. Hutterite fertility rates remain relatively high compared to the general North American population, but relatively low compared

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Consistent with their beliefs, records do not indicate any litigation initiated by the Hutterites up to the twentieth century. However, in their more recent history in North America some Hutterite conflicts have emerged in court litigations. Several cases involved the Hutterite Colony defending their

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or currently, Church Communities International—is a group of more recent origin which, prior to 1990, were accepted by the Dariusleut and Lehrerleut groups as a part of the Hutterite community. The Schmiedeleut were divided over the issue. One group is called the 'oilers', because of an issue over an

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Hutterites do not shun modern technology, but may limit some uses of it. Many attempt to remove themselves from the outside world (television sets – and in some cases the internet – are banned), and up until recently, many of the Lehrerleut and Dariusleut (Alberta) colonies still had only one central

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Once all decisions have been made, the two groups may be identified as "Group A" and "Group B". The last evening before a new group of people is to leave the "mother" colony for the "daughter" colony, two pieces of paper, labeled "Group A" and "Group B", are placed into a hat. The minister will pray,

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The process by which a colony splits to create a new daughter colony varies across the branches of colonies. In Lehrerleut, this process is quite structured, while in Darius and Schmiedeleut the process can be somewhat less so. In a Lehrerleut colony, the land will be purchased and buildings actually

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In 1845, a small group of Hutterites made plans to renew the community of goods, but was told to wait until the government had approved their plans to buy separate land. A group led by the preacher George Waldner made another attempt but this soon failed. In 1859 Michael Waldner was able to reinstate

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is a documentary filmed by Colin Law in 1964 with the following synopsis: "The followers of religious leader Jakob Hutter live in farm communities, devoutly holding to the rules their founder laid down four centuries ago. Through the kindness of a Hutterite colony in Alberta, this film, in black and

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which is usually black with white polka dots. The Schmiedleut also wear a kerchief-style head cover, but without the dots. The pattern of kerchief thus indicates to which branch the women belong: large dots indicate Lehrerleut, small dots Dariusleut and no dots Schmiedeleut. In some cases Dariusleut

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Since 1992, the Schmiedeleut, until that point the largest of the three "leut," have been divided into "Group One" and "Group Two" factions over controversies including the Arnoldleut/Bruderhof issue and the leadership of the Schmiedeleut elder. This highly acrimonious division has cut across family

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A major driving force for Hutterite leadership nowadays is the recognition that land prices have risen dramatically in Alberta and Saskatchewan because of the oil and gas industry, thus creating the need for a greater amount of cash to buy land when it comes time for a colony to split. The splitting

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During the construction process, the colony leadership splits up the colony as evenly as possible, creating two separate groups of families. The two groups are made as equal as possible in size, taking into account the practical limits of family unit sizes in each group. Additionally, the leadership

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The voting and decision-making process at most colonies is based upon a two-tiered structure including a council — usually seven senior males — and the voting membership, which includes all the married men of the colony. For each "significant" decision the council will first vote and, if passed, the

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Based on a memorandum of understanding between the Hutterites and the Minister of National Revenue, section 143 creates a fictional trust to which all the property of the Hutterite colony and any associated income belongs. The trust's income may then be allocated to the individual Hutterite members,

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The essential beliefs and practices of the Hutterites are embodied in the Schleitheim Confession of Faith. Thus, in addition to a set of community rules for Christian living and the principle of worldly separation, the Hutterites, in accordance with the Schleitheim Articles, subscribe to the faith

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In the last 150 years several subgroups of Hutterites emerged. When the Hutterites migrated to the United States in 1874 and during the following years, there was a division between those who settled in colonies and lived with community of goods, and those who settled on private farms according to

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20 million in 2008 terms: upwards of $ 10M for land and another $ 10M for buildings and construction. This massive cash requirement has forced leadership to reevaluate how a colony can produce the necessary funds. New projects have included plastics' manufacturing, metal fabrication, cabinetry and

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had tried to bring religious, political, and economical reform through a violent peasant uprising, but the movement was squashed. Although little hard evidence exists of a direct connection between Gaismair's uprising and Tyrolian Anabaptism, at least a few of the peasants involved in the uprising

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Starting in 1999, three Hutterite colonies separated from their original "Leut" affiliation and became independent. For these three colonies spiritual renewal became a major concern. One of them, Elmendorf, branched out two times, so that there are now five colonies of that kind, which co-operate

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Hutterite colonies often own large tracts of land and, since they function as a collective unit, they can make or afford higher-quality equipment than if they were working alone. Some also run industrial hog, dairy, turkey, chicken and egg production operations. An increasing number of Hutterite

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Each colony may consist of about 10 to 20 families (may not always apply), with a population of around 60 to 250. When the colony's population grows near the upper limit and its leadership determines that branching off is economically and spiritually necessary, they locate, purchase land for and

1106:(1768–1774). The Russians took Bucharest on November 17, 1769. The Hutterites then sought the advice of Russian army commander "Sämetin" (Генерал-майор Александр Гаврилович Замятин, General-Mayor Aleksandr Gavrilovitch Zamyatin) in Bucharest, who proposed that they emigrate to Russia where Count 3603:

Stein, Michelle M.; Hrusch, Cara L.; Gozdz, Justyna; Igartua, Catherine; Pivniouk, Vadim; Murray, Sean E.; Ledford, Julie G.; Marques dos Santos, Mauricius; Anderson, Rebecca L.; Metwali, Nervana; Neilson, Julia W.; Maier, Raina M.; Gilbert, Jack A.; Holbreich, Mark; Thorne, Peter S.; Martinez,

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Hutterite children get their education in a schoolhouse at the colony, according to an educational agreement with the province or state. The school is typically run by a hired "outside" teacher who teaches the basics, including English. In some Schmiedeleut schools, teachers are chosen from the

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was one of the early converts in South Tyrol and later became a leader among the Hutterites, who received their name from him. Hutter made several trips between Moravia and Tyrol—most of the Anabaptists in South Tyrol ended up emigrating to Moravia because of the fierce persecution unleashed by

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Beyond these top-level leadership positions there will also be the "Hog Boss", "Dairy Boss", and so on, depending on what agricultural operations exist at the specific colony. In each case these individuals are fully responsible for their own areas of responsibility, and will have other colony

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with women participating in roles such as cooking, medical decisions, and selection and purchase of fabric for clothing. Each colony has three high-level leaders. The two top-level leaders are the Minister and the Secretary. A third leader is the Assistant Minister. The Minister also holds the

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Before Anabaptism proper was introduced to South Tyrol, Protestant ideas had been propagated in the region by men such as Hans Vischer, a former Dominican. Some of those who participated in conventicles where Protestant ideas were presented later became Anabaptists. As well, the population in

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Overarching all internal governance processes within a single colony is the broader "Bishop" structure of leaders from across a "branch" (Lehrer-, Darius- or Schmiedeleut) such that all colonies within each branch are subject to the broader decision-making of that branch's "Bishop" council. A

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Today, Hutteries widely use telephones for both business and social purposes. Cell phones are also very common among all three groups today. Text messaging has made cell phones particularly useful for Hutterian young people wishing to keep in touch with their peers. Some Hutterite homes have

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who sought a share of the communal property. The Supreme Court of Canada ruled that according to the religious tenets of the Hutterites, the Hutterites have no individual property and therefore the former members cannot be entitled to a share of the Hutterite colony's goods. In the case of

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Men's jackets and pants are usually black. Generally, the men wear buttoned-up shirts with long sleeves and collars, and they may wear undershirts. Men's pants are not held in place by belts, but rather by black suspenders. These pants are also distinctive by their lack of back pockets.

3217:, Volume 2, p. 223: ("In welchem Jahr aber die Gemeinschaft vergangen und aufgehebt worden, dz kann man nit anzeigen. weil man weder mündliche noch schriftliche Nachricht davon hat. Aus einigen Umständen ist zu schließen, dass es ungefähr Anno 1693 or 94 zum End damit sei gegangen.") 1221:. Trials to establish a communal living in Johannisruh after 1864 did not succeed. It took until 1877, after the Hutterites had already relocated to South Dakota, before a few families from Johannisruh, led by preacher Jacob Wipf, established a third group with communal living, the 1295:

Several state laws were enacted seeking to deny Hutterites religious legal status to their communal farms (colonies). Some colonies were disbanded before these decisions were overturned in the Supreme Court. By this time, many Hutterites had already established new colonies in

1796:– Hutterites that lived in separate households rather than in colonies after settling on the American prairies. At the time of immigration the Prairieleut amounted to around 2/3 of the Hutterite immigrants. Most of the Prairieleut eventually united with the Mennonites. 1167:

Around the year 1820 there was significant inner tension: a large faction of the brothers wanted to end the community of goods. The community then divided into two groups that lived as separate communities. The faction with individual ownership moved to the Mennonite

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episode "The Hoots" (December 13, 1973), the sheepherder members of a Hutterite religious sect offer no resistance to persecution by bigoted cattlemen until they learn from Kwai Chang Caine that, like the chameleon, they can change and yet remain the same in the

1821:. About eighty of the photo-less licenses were in use at the time of the decision. Besides the Alberta Hutterite groups (Darius and Lehrerleut), a handful of colonies in Manitoba (Schmiedeleut) do not wish their members to be photographed for licenses or other 2323:

In 2020, the U.S. Religion Census counted 15,531 Hutterites (in 145 congregations), of which: 9,041 of Schmiedeleut group (77 congregations), 4,754 of Lehrerleut (43 congregations), 1,409 of Dariusleut (22 congregations) and 327 in other groups (3 congr.).

1784:. Though all three "leut" are Hutterites, there are some distinctive differences, including style of dress and organizational structure. However, the original doctrine of all three groups is identical. The differences are mostly traditional and geographic. 1692:

asking for God's choice of the paper drawn from the hat, and will draw one piece of paper. The name drawn will indicate which group is leaving for the daughter colony. Within hours, the daughter colony begins the process of settling at a brand new site.

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in 1620 and in the end annihilated them there as an Anabaptist group. In 1622 the Hutterites were expelled from Moravia and fled to the Hutterite settlements in Hungary, where overcrowding caused severe hardship. Some Moravian Hutterites converted to

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This very structured procedure differs dramatically from the one that may be used at some Darius and Schmiedeleut colonies, where the split can sometimes be staggered over time, with only small groups of people moving to the new location at a time.

1917:, or Hutterisch, sometimes regarded as being a language in its own right. Originally mainly based on a Tyrolean dialect from the south-central German-speaking Europe from which many of them sprang in the 16th century, Hutterisch has taken on a 1800:

lines and remains a serious matter almost two decades later. Group One colonies generally have relatively more liberal positions on issues including higher education, ecumenical and missions work, musical instruments, media, and technology.

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telephone. The Schmiedeleut, however, made this transition earlier, where each household had a phone along with a central telephone for the colony business operation. In many colonies, telephones are tied into the sort of commercial

1659:: all property is owned by the colony, and provisions for individual members and their families come from the common resources. This practice is based largely on Hutterite interpretation of passages in chapters 2, 4, and 5 of 2128:

origin and with many Hutterite traditions but fully autonomous since 1999, when it was excommunicated from the Hutterite Church, whereupon about one-third of the people of the colony decided to stay with the Dariusleut

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in 1943 – the last time provincial legislation was so disallowed in Canadian history – and eventually repealed in 1973, the act resulted in the establishment of a number of new colonies in

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constructed before anyone in the colony knows who will be relocating to the daughter colony location. The final decision as to who leaves and who stays will not be made until everything is ready at the new location.

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in the United States. In the most severe case, four Hutterite men, who were subjected to military draft but refused to comply, were imprisoned and physically abused. Ultimately, two of the four men, the brothers

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In Moravia, the Hutterites flourished for several decades; the period between 1554 and 1565 was called "good" and the period between 1565 and 1592 was called "golden". During that time the Hutterites expanded to

858:, where he was burned at the stake on February 25, 1536. By 1540 Anabaptism in South Tyrol was beginning to die out, largely because of the emigration to Moravia of the converts to escape incessant persecution. 1382:

As of March 2018, there were approximately 34,000 Hutterites in 350 colonies in Canada, 75 percent of the Brethren living in North America. During summer 2020, many colonies struggled with outbreaks during the

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Church garb is generally dark for both men and women. The clothing worn for church consists of a plain jacket for both genders and a black apron for women. Men's church hats are always dark and usually black.

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Here their plain style of dress became a distinguishing mark of the Hutterite Christian faith. Plain dress defines sexual roles and status and de-emphasizes the importance of outward forms of physical beauty.

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ruled that the photograph requirement violates their religious rights and that driving was essential to their way of life. The Wilson Colony based its position on the belief that images are prohibited by the

1035:) in 1622, because he needed craftsmen and agricultural workers to develop his land. In the next two years more Hutterites migrated to Transylvania, in total 690 or 1,089 persons, depending on the sources. 2292: 1639:

There is a wide range of leadership cultures and styles between the three main colony varieties. In some cases very dominant ministers or secretaries may hold greater sway over some colonies than others.

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One news report defined the business operations of colonies as "industrial grade farms that produce grains, eggs, meat and vegetables, which are sold to large distributors and at local farmer's markets".

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region in 1527, which most likely was the first introduction of Anabaptist ideas in the area. Another visit through the area in 1529 reinforced these ideas, but he was captured and burned at the stake in

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baptism of sin-conscious adults; the universal spiritual church of believers; the complete separation of church and state; pacifism and the refusal to bear arms; and the rejection of oaths of allegiance.

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because "Hutterite colony members eat, work, and worship together in community settings and share possessions", according to one report. The groups were taking steps to minimize the spread of the virus.

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Therefore, Moravia, where Hubmaier had also found refuge, was the land where the persecuted Anabaptist forerunners of the Hutterites fled to, originating mostly from different locations in what is today

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In 1995 there were a total of 285 Hutterite colonies in Canada (138 in Alberta, 93 colonies in Manitoba and 54 in Saskatchewan). By 2011, there were 345 across the Prairies – a 21 percent increase. The

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Hutter was important because he was a fearless, effective leader and because he established the Hutterite colonies on the basis of the Schleitheim Confession, a classic Anabaptist statement of faith.

1292:, slowly assimilated first into Mennonite groups and later into the general American population. Until about 1910 there was intermarriage between the Prärieleut and the communally living Hutterites. 2026:, a case was brought by some of The Nine against Forest River Colony and was again dismissed by a judge in March 2010, ruling that the courts did not have subject matter jurisdiction over the case. 918:

in the years 1530 to 1535, they developed the communal form of living that distinguishes them from other Anabaptists, such as the Mennonites and the Amish. Hutterite communal living is based on the

1970:

The willingness of the colonies to take matters to secular courts has also resulted in internal religious disputes being brought before the court. Two of these cases have come to appeal before the

1202:(1868). In Ukraine, the Hutterites enjoyed relative prosperity. When they lived among German-speaking Mennonites in Molotschna, they adopted the very efficient form of Mennonite agriculture that 2074:, a Japanese Hutterite community founded in 1972, did not consist of Hutterites of European descent, but ethnic Japanese who had adopted the same way of life and were recognized as an official 1643:

Women and children hold no formal voting power over decision-making in a colony, but they often hold influence on decision-making through the informal processes of a colony's social framework.

1252:, almost all Hutterites, totaling 1,265 individuals, migrated to the United States between 1874 and 1879 in response to the new Russian military service law. Of these, some 800 identified as 662:, a classic Anabaptist statement of faith" of 1527, and the first communes were formed in 1528. Since the death of Hutter in 1536, the beliefs of the Hutterites, especially those espousing a 2688:) make a delivery to a Hutterite colony and soon find themselves embroiled in a violent conflict between the pacifists and rival farmers who are angry about the colony outcompeting them. 4435: 1535:

Hutterite agriculture today is specialized and more or less industrialized. Hutterite children therefore have no close contact with farm animals any longer and are not protected from

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In contrast to the uniformly plain look of the Amish and Old Order Mennonites, Hutterite clothing can be vividly colored, especially on children, although many Hutterites do wear

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teachings of nonresistance, Hutterites historically have avoided getting involved in litigation within the secular justice system. One of the early founders of the Hutterites,

2313:. A Montana government report in 2010 published a specific list of colonies and schools in that state. Hutterite colonies have existed in the rural farming areas of eastern 1232:

the language of instruction in schools; then in 1871 a law introduced compulsory military service. These led the Mennonites and Hutterites to make plans for emigration.

3829: 765:(c. 1491–1529) practiced adult baptism to each other and then to others. From Switzerland Anabaptism quickly spread northward and eastward in the timespan of one year. 4084: 5556: 3992: 3776: 3398: 798: 674:

in many countries. The Hutterites embarked on a series of migrations through central and eastern Europe. Nearly extinct by the 18th century, they migrated to

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Because the lands of the Hutterites at Radichev were not very productive, they petitioned to move to better lands. In 1842 they were allowed to relocate to

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In the United States judges have repeatedly dismissed cases that were brought against the colony by colony members or former members. Such cases include

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of Canada, introduced in 2007 and modified in 2014 with section 108(5), contains special rules to accommodate Hutterite colonies. According to a 2018

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general seemed to have a favorable attitude towards reform, be it Protestant or Anabaptist. Jörg Blaurock appears to have preached itinerantly in the

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On August 1, 1770, after more than three months of traveling, the group of about 60 persons reached their new home, the lands of Count Rumyantsev at

4221: 1999:, who overturned the expulsion. The outcome of these two cases has strongly influenced the outcome of similar cases in Canada. When some members of 1894:

kerchiefs also have no dots. Female members of the Bruderhof wear solid colored kerchiefs in black, blue or white and sometimes no kerchief at all.

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had been signed, bringing an end to the war. The Hutterite community said the men died from mistreatment; the U.S. government said the men died of

802: 1834:) that a Hutterite community must abide by provincial rules that make a digital photo mandatory for all new driver's licenses as a way to prevent 3337: 2108:, created under the leadership of Julius Kubassek (1893–1961). It was in fellowship with the Hutterites from its beginnings, in 1939, until 1950. 1195: 817:

through the labors of Jörg Blaurock. The Gaismair uprising set the stage by producing a hope for social justice in a way that was similar to the

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decision will be carried to the voting membership. Officials not following the selected decisions can be removed by a similar vote of a colony.

1830: 3902: 974:(1618–1648) broke out. It soon developed into a war about religion when in 1620 the mostly Protestant Bohemia and Moravia were invaded by the 4432: 1959: 1172:

for some time, but soon returned. After a fire destroyed most of the buildings at Radichev, the Hutterites gave up their community of goods.

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The Minister, Secretary, and all "boss" positions are elected positions and many decisions are put to a vote before they are implemented.

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Most Hutterites are descended from these latter 400. Named for the leader of each group (the Schmiedeleut, Dariusleut and Lehrerleut,

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in 1540–1541. There are also extant theological tracts and letters by Hans Schlaffer, Leonhard Schiemer, and Ambrosius Spittelmaier.

4411: 4160:"Judgement of Dismissal Maendel et al. v. Forest River Colony of Hutterian Bretheran". State of North Dakota County of Grand Forks. 2283:

The same 2016 census which recorded 370 colonies, counted a total Hutterite population of 35,010 people (up from 32,500 in 2011).

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minister of a colony who does not ensure his colony follows broader "Bishop" council decisions can be removed from his position.

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through close contact with farm animals, like Amish children are, but are now similar to the general North American population.

1048:

at Alvinc was burned down in 1661. Towards the end of the century, community of goods was abandoned, when exactly is not known.

1368: 4149:"Motion to Dismiss Maendel et al. v. Forest River Colony of Hutterian Bretheran". State of North Dakota County of Grand Forks. 4010: 1126:. In their new home, the Hutterites were joined by a few more Hutterites who could flee from Habsburg lands, as well as a few 5058: 4111: 3837: 2864: 3949: 3803: 3750: 1505:, and the rejection of oaths. The Hutterite Churches also believe in "a set of community rules for Christian living and the 4682: 4450: 1818: 3780: 2793: 2121: 1967:, forced the Hutterites to participate in the workers' compensation system despite the Hutterites' religious objections. 1329: 891: 1133:

When Count Pyotr Rumyantsev died in 1796, his two sons tried to reduce the status of the Hutterites from free peasants (

958:, which affected the Hutterites severely, broke out. During this war, in 1605, some 240 Hutterites were abducted by the 4068: 2078:

colony. The inhabitants of this colony spoke neither English nor German. The colony was disbanded on December 31, 2019.

1957:

religious lifestyle against the government. This includes the recent conflict over photographs on driver's licenses in

1882:. Most of the clothing is homemade within the colony. Shoes were homemade in the past but are now mostly store-bought. 1493:, a classic Anabaptist statement of faith". In accordance with this confession of faith, Hutterite theology emphasizes 1217:

In 1860, Darius Walter founded another group with community of goods at the other end of Hutterdorf, thus creating the

3396: 1889:

Women and girls each wear a dress with a blouse underneath. Most Lehrerleut and Dariusleut also wear a kerchief-style

1363:

In 1942, alarmed at the influx of Dakota Hutterites buying copious tracts of land, the Province of Alberta passed the

5536: 5329: 4932: 4918: 4897: 4883: 4869: 4539: 4492: 4037: 3716: 3687: 3662: 3587: 3423: 2958: 2903: 1592: 1103: 584: 978: 3518: 2280:

recorded 370 Hutterite colonies in Canada, of these: 175 were in Alberta, 110 in Manitoba and 70 in Saskatchewan.

2135:, founded in 1998, is a Christian community of Hutterite tradition, but is much more open to outsiders, so-called 2003:

sued their former colony in Manitoba in 2008 over lost wages and injuries the case was never even heard in court.

5288: 3496: 2114: 847: 714: 1721:

process requires the purchase of land and the construction of buildings. This can require funds in the range of

5541: 5354: 3443: 2741: 2406: 2097: 1574: 959: 951:, developed in Moravia and Kingdom of Hungary, and the number of Hutterites reached twenty to thirty thousand. 879: 277: 4532:

Recent fertility decline in Dariusleut Hutterites: An extension of Eaton and Mayer's Hutterite fertility study

3497:"Hutterites fear stigma could resurface as Manitoba COVID-19 cases rise, province offers more detail on cases" 1259: 1249: 5271: 2132: 1809: 1360:, where Hutterites continued to live. Other colonies moved to Canada but did not sell their vacant colonies. 1333: 967: 539: 325: 4638: 3736: 3379: 5026: 1408:

according to a formula set out in section 143, who can then claim the income on their personal tax returns.

577: 189:

saving his pursuer, an act of mercy that led to his recapture, after which he was burned at the stake near

4791:

Rechenschafft unserer Religion, Leer und Glaubens, von den Brüdern so man die Hutterischen nent aussgangen

4433:

http://opi.mt.gov/Portals/182/Page%20Files/Indian%20Education/Indian%20Education%20101/Hutterite%20EUs.pdf

2222:

Approximately 75% of all Hutterites reside in Canada, with the remaining 25% living in the United States.

5349: 4615: 4389: 3884: 2798: 2717: 1910: 1570: 1436:, resettling abandoned property and buying abandoned colonies from the Darius- and the Lehrerleut. After 1384: 989: 272: 5494: 3970: 5334: 5228: 3418:(Revised and expanded by Cornelius Krahn ed.). Newton, Kansas: Faith and Life Press. p. 545. 2895: 2697: 1521: 1417: 1413: 1357: 1119: 738: 461: 436: 252: 3459: 1027:, "invited" Hutterites to come to his country. In fact he forced a group of 186 Hutterites to come to 5216: 5051: 2044: 1038:

In the second half of the 17th century, the Hutterite community was in decline. It had suffered from

471: 441: 4569: 4247: 3604:

Fernando D.; von Mutius, Erika; Vercelli, Donata; Ober, Carole; Sperling, Anne I. (August 4, 2016).

2705:) is on the run from the law and hides in a Hutterite community in Alberta, Canada, led by Wilhelm ( 5546: 5211: 5116: 2753:(2016) is a self-produced documentary by a young gay man who left his home in a Manitoba colony to 2676: 2662: 1325: 1160:, some 12 km (7 miles) from Vishenka, where they would have the same privileged status as the 3914: 1432:

when there was a lot of economic pressure on farming populations, some Schmiedeleut moved back to

5249: 5157: 4743: 4508: 3937: 3926: 3890: 2848:

Intentional Communities (Routledge Revivals) : Ideology and Alienation in Communal Societies

2721: 1996: 1971: 1813: 1736: 1563: 818: 648: 451: 1921:

base because of their history: In the years 1760–1763, a small group of surviving Hutterites in

5561: 5304: 5266: 5081: 4368: 3458:, “Evidence: Study on the present state of the domestic & international financial system,” 2951:

Religious Conscience, the State, and the Law: Historical Contexts and Contemporary Significance

1913:, the Hutterites have preserved and use among themselves a distinct dialect of German known as 1890: 1506: 1490: 1465: 1349: 659: 320: 5396: 5386: 5223: 2824: 2084: 1930: 1858:

contained a series of photographs made by Jill Brody over several years at three colonies in

1788: 1461: 1320: 994: 750: 476: 446: 282: 242: 4704: 1403:

report, colonies do not file income tax returns as corporations, but as individual members:

5201: 5196: 5044: 2657:

white, was made inside the community and shows all aspects of the Hutterites' daily life."

2642: 2508: 2277: 2071: 2051:, while the ones who settled on the three communal colonies developed into three branches: 1709: 1660: 1457: 1356:

and Saskatchewan. All 18 existing American colonies were abandoned, except the oldest one,

1060: 971: 923: 851: 836: 781:

in May 1526. Other early Anabaptists who became important for the emerging Hutterites were

737:

movement, from which the Hutterites emerged, started in groups that formed after the early

686:

recovered from about 400 to around 50,000 at present. Today, almost all Hutterites live in

628: 514: 496: 5254: 5027:

Hutterian Brethren (Hutterische Brüder) at Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online

2066:

During the 20th century three groups joined the Hutterites, two of them only temporarily:

1704: 1183:. When they moved, the total Hutterite population was 384 with 185 males and 199 females. 970:. It lasted until 1606; however, before the Hutterites could rebuild their resources, the 8: 5531: 5512: 5319: 5314: 5152: 5096: 5086: 4196: 2785: 2736:(2012), a documentary about a Hutterite colony in Saskatchewan directed by Thomas Risch. 2706: 2297:

As of March 2018, there were 120 colonies in the United States, of which: 54 colonies in

2136: 1808:

Alberta Hutterites initially won the right not to have their photographs taken for their

1367:, severely restricting the expansion of the Dariusleut and Lehrerleut colonies. Although 875: 867: 746: 644: 567: 481: 267: 237: 219: 214: 154: 1528:

Hutterite communes, called "colonies", are all rural; many depend largely on farming or

5464: 5283: 4557: 3754: 3705: 3630: 3605: 3579: 3546: 2803: 2668: 2492: 2381: 2000: 1822: 1656: 1502: 1268:(literally, "community people") and started three communities with community of goods. 981:, a Catholic, who annihilated and plundered several Hutterite settlements. In 1621 the 770: 766: 683: 663: 373: 4138:"Manitoba Hutterite colony sued over unpaid labour". The Canadian Press. June 5, 2008. 1470:

Account of Our Religion, Doctrine and Faith, of the brethren who are called Hutterites

702: 5469: 5309: 5162: 4928: 4914: 4893: 4879: 4865: 4843: 4545: 4535: 4488: 4107: 4104:

Fighting over God : a legal and political history of religious freedom in Canada

4064: 4033: 3712: 3683: 3658: 3635: 3583: 3419: 2954: 2899: 2860: 2702: 1918: 1288:

Over the next decades, the Hutterites who settled on individual farms, the so-called

1161: 1072: 1068: 975: 794: 491: 3561: 5391: 5111: 5106: 4809: 3625: 3617: 3542: 3455: 2852: 2765: 2430: 2314: 1914: 1740: 1498: 1429: 1400: 1373: 1282: 1229: 1169: 1153: 1107: 1049: 955: 907: 822: 742: 368: 142: 134: 4127:

Hitchen, Ian (September 7, 2013). "'The Nine' share their struggles". Brandon Sun.

4011:"What One Of America's Most Isolated Communities Can Teach Us About Getting Along" 2729:

was broadcast on BBC2 and looked at the lives of the people within the community.

1772:

Three different branches of Hutterites live in the prairies of North America: the

1416:

to review the legislation, because Hutterites were not being allowed to claim the

5449: 5444: 5184: 5174: 5101: 4962: 4902: 4786: 4478: 4439: 3933: 3402: 3385: 2749: 2105: 2090: 1946: 1854: 1722: 1479: 1235: 1016: 814: 762: 534: 529: 408: 398: 353: 138: 28: 4907:

On the Backroad to Heaven: Old Order Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish, and Brethren

3482: 1845:

traveled to rural Alberta to photograph members of the community for her series

1028: 5489: 5364: 5324: 5260: 5233: 5206: 5132: 3333: 2808: 2685: 1835: 1622: 1285:. Here, each group reestablished the traditional Hutterite communal lifestyle. 1203: 1123: 1039: 982: 790: 687: 675: 549: 486: 388: 335: 181: 4464:, Canadian Edition, James Valley Colony of Hutterian Brethren: Elie, Manitoba. 1420:

refundable tax credit (WITB), which was available to other farmers in Canada.

1352:

by leaving the United States and moving to the Canadian provinces of Alberta,

1210:

community of goods at one end of Hutterdorf, thus becoming the founder of the

805:(† 1536). Most of these early Anabaptists soon became martyrs of their faith. 16:

Ethno-religious group since the 16th century; a communal branch of Anabaptists

5525: 5439: 5416: 5339: 3461:

Proceedings of the Standing Senate Committee on Banking, Trade & Commerce

2818: 2692: 1759:

Schmiedeleut Hutterites at school in Crystal Springs Colony, Manitoba, Canada

1095:. When the Hutterites left Transylvania, their number was down to 67 people. 942: 934: 927: 919: 831: 758: 679: 667: 403: 363: 302: 287: 257: 73: 4725: 4085:"Montana Hutterite colony asks Supreme Court to hear religious liberty case" 1084: 945:, present-day Slovakia. In the time until 1622 some 100 settlements, called 5484: 5479: 5474: 5459: 5179: 5142: 5031: 4979: 4764: 4297: 3639: 3002: 2813: 2681: 2474: 2466: 2454: 2436: 2426: 2371: 2341: 2310: 2298: 2264: 2052: 2023: 2011: 1922: 1787:

There are two other related groups. The Arnoldleut—also referred to as the

1773: 1755: 1494: 1486: 1437: 1433: 1301: 1239:

Hutterite migrations in Europe 1526–1874 before their move to North America

1211: 1020: 1004: 915: 842: 691: 655: 413: 383: 209: 186: 97: 81: 77: 61: 4549: 4346: 3621: 2856: 1897:

Young girls each wear a bright, colorful cap that fastens under the chin.

5406: 5381: 5358: 5191: 5091: 4910: 4833: 3367: 2219:

In 1995, the total North American Hutterite population was about 30,000.

2048: 1879: 1793: 1316: 1307: 1289: 1187: 1099: 911: 707: 292: 247: 194: 4739: 4660: 4584: 2411:

The mid-2004 location and number of the world's 483 Hutterite colonies:

1671: 1083:

In 1767 the Hutterites fled from Transylvania first to Kräbach, that is

5454: 5434: 5147: 5067: 4222:"Inside The Bruderhof: Radical Christians living in an English village" 3440:

Pacifists in Chains: The Persecution of Hutterites during the Great War

2754: 2446: 2418: 2125: 2075: 2060: 2056: 1942: 1781: 1777: 1606: 1577: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1453: 1222: 1218: 1180: 1176: 1127: 782: 734: 728: 640: 632: 466: 393: 358: 176: 162: 110: 3860:"Inside the Bruderhof review: A look into a British religious commune" 3606:"Innate Immunity and Asthma Risk in Amish and Hutterite Farm Children" 3046:

Hutterite Beginnings: Communitarian Experiments During the Reformation

3033:

Hutterite Beginnings: Communitarian Experiments During the Reformation

3020:

Hutterite Beginnings: Communitarian Experiments During the Reformation

2720:. Filmed primarily at King Ranch Colony near Lewistown, Montana, with 2034: 1517: 4412:"Hutterites, like other growers, learn importance of diversification" 3007:

The Mystery of the Mark-Anabaptist Mission Work under the Fire of God

2470: 2361: 2306: 1926: 1842: 1337: 1258:(literally, "owners") and acquired individual farms according to the 1199: 1191: 1092: 1088: 1064: 1024: 883: 855: 262: 122: 4273:"Fort Pitt Hutterite Colony (Frenchman Butte, Saskatchewan, Canada)" 4171: 3751:"How SD became a top place for foreign money | Grand Forks, ND" 2038:

Chart depicting the development of the different Hutterite branches.

1552: 1379:

The Hutterian Brethren Church was recognized by Parliament in 1951.

754: 5411: 5344: 4950:

Das vergessene Volk: Ein Jahr bei den deutschen Hutterern in Kanada

4061:

Courts And the Colonies The Litigation of Hutterite Church Disputes

2647: 2440: 2254: 1987: 1870: 1618: 1529: 1353: 1157: 985:

followed the war and killed one third of the remaining Hutterites.

786: 671: 519: 378: 297: 89: 4322: 3202:

The Hutterian Brethren 1528-1931. A Story of Martyrdom and Loyalty

2965:

The Hutterites are an Anabaptist group founded in 1528 in Moravia.

2646:(1941) has a segment that takes place at a Hutterite community in 1440:

some Darius- and Lehrerleut also went back to the U.S., mainly to

1075:

dialects. In 1762 community of goods was reestablished in Alvinc.

5507: 5401: 5277: 4477:

Kraybill, Donald B.; Bowman, Carl Desportes (September 3, 2002).

3830:"Learning from the Bruderhof: An Intentional Christian Community" 3519:"Canadian Hutterite colonies struggle with coronavirus outbreaks" 2779: 2758: 2488: 2481: 2450: 2422: 2351: 2302: 2244: 2019: 1859: 1828:

However, in July 2009, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled 4–3 (in

1441: 1297: 1140: 1032: 899: 895: 887: 871: 778: 774: 562: 544: 524: 330: 190: 93: 85: 2320:

The approximate U.S. population of Brethren was 11,000 in 2018.

1110:

would provide them with land all they need for a new beginning.

2496: 1965:

Big Sky Colony Inc. v. Montana Department of Labor and Industry

1925:

were joined by a larger group of Lutheran forced migrants from

1536: 997:

and retained a separate ethnic identity as the Habans (German:

963: 4890:

Inside the Ark: The Hutterites in Canada and the United States

4054: 4052: 3545:, Standing Senate Committee on Banking, Trade & Commerce, 1091:, which was at that time some 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from 5169: 5036: 5019: 3009:, Mountain Lake, Minnesota, Elmendorf Books, 2008, pp. 14–66. 1986:

involved several expelled members of the Interlake Colony in

636: 431: 5032:

Hutterite Brethren at Association of Religious Data Archives

3952:, CBC News, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, July 24, 2009 3903:

Hutterites exempt from driver's licence photos: Appeal Court

2768:, alongside Mennonites, Amish, and other Anabaptist groups. 2680:, "Hoots" (November 21, 1974), gypsy truckers Sonny Pruitt ( 1874:

Hutterite women return from working in the fields at sunset.

1625:

planning and assigning staff to various farming operations.

4816:, Philadelphia, Pa., Carl Schurz Memorial Foundation, 1947. 4049: 3905:, CBC News, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, May 17, 2007 2516:

As of 2021, there are 572 Hutterite colonies in existence.

1739:(PBX) systems more commonly used by businesses, with which 1509:". Former members are shunned and are not to be spoken to. 1248:

After sending scouts to North America in 1873 along with a

1150: 682:. Over the course of 140 years, their population living in 4991:

Hutterite: The things I Saw growing Up as a Hutterite Teen

4363: 4361: 4359: 4357: 3915:

Alta. Hutterites win right to driver’s license without pic

3711:. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta Press. p. 345. 3548:

Interim Report Concerning Taxation of Hutterites in Canada

2063:; in the 1990s the Schmiedeleut split into two subgroups. 1489:, "established the Hutterite colonies on the basis of the 988:

Renewed persecution followed the Habsburg takeover of the

658:, "established the Hutterite colonies on the basis of the 4862:

The Dynamics of Hutterite Society: An Analytical Approach

3993:"Photography exhibit captures life on Hutterite colonies" 3707:

The Dynamics of Hutterite Society: An Analytical Approach

3682:. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins Press. p. 132. 2934:. Pennsylvania Dutch Folklore Center. 1990. p. 138. 2764:

Hutterites are also often depicted on the satire website

1949:, wrote about the Hutterites' stand on going to court in 5552:

Protestant denominations established in the 16th century

4390:"This map of Hutterite colonies shows evolution at work" 2976:

Anthony L. Chute, Nathan A. Finn, Michael A. G. Haykin.

2081:

In similar fashion, a "neo-Hutterite" group, called the

866:

In the 16th century, there was a considerable degree of

4354: 3804:"Hutterites embrace technology for business, education" 3602: 1712:, with an array of reconditioned Nordtank wind turbines 1348:

The Hutterites responded to this mistreatment of their

1098:

In Wallachia they encountered much hardship because of

749:, which departed from the teachings of Zwingli and the 4806:. Standoff Colony near Macleod, Alberta, Canada, 1923. 4530:

Nonaka, K.; Miura, T.; Peter, K. (September 3, 2002).

3477: 3475: 3473: 3471: 1468:, the Hutterites possess an account of their beliefs, 5005:

The Hutterites: Lives and Images of a Communal People

1909:

Just as the Amish and Old Order Mennonites often use

1179:, a Mennonite colony, where they founded the village 773:, became an Anabaptist in Zürich in 1525 but fled to 4683:"Hutterites want apology for NatGeo television show" 4639:"Reflection: American Colony | Ask a Hutterite" 2775: 4821:

Die Schriften der Hutterischen Täufergemeinschaften

4451:

U.S. Religion Census | Maps and data files for 2020

3468: 2104:, is a Christian community with communal living at 2008:

Wollma, et al. v. Poinsett Hutterian Brethren, Inc.

1007:, the Haban group had become essentially extinct). 874:because in the 15th century there had been several 3950:Hutterites need driver's licence photos: top court 3704: 1613:The Secretary's wife sometimes holds the title of 933:A basic tenet of Hutterite groups has always been 4946:The Forgotten People: A Year Among the Hutterites 4021: 1475:Rechenschafft unserer Religion, Leer und Glaubens 1067:who in 1755 were deported to Transylvania by the 926:(chapters 2 (especially verse 44), 4, and 5) and 5557:Religious organizations established in the 1520s 5523: 5007:, Sioux Falls, 1998. Written by an Ex-Hutterite. 4814:Das Klein-Geschichtsbuch der Hutterischen Brüder 4661:"The Making of 'Meet the Hutterites': Resources" 4529: 3576:The Palgrave Companion to North American Utopias 3228:Das Klein-Geschichtsbuch der Hutterischen Brüder 3215:Das Klein-Geschichtsbuch der Hutterischen Brüder 3150:Das Klein-Geschichtsbuch der Hutterischen Brüder 2942: 1699: 1190:and, by 1868, three more villages were founded: 1054:Das Klein-Geschichtsbuch der Hutterischen Brüder 4153: 4028:Janzen, Rod; Stanton, Max (September 1, 2010). 3338:Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online 1951:Peter Riedemann's Hutterite Confession of Faith 1122:in Ukraine, which at this time was part of the 745:(1484–1531). These new groups were part of the 4476: 4142: 3927:Alberta v. Hutterian Brethren of Wilson Colony 3886:Hutterian Brethren of Wilson Colony v. Alberta 3573: 2745:in Season 8, Episode 7, "Walk a Mile" (2014). 2739:Hutterites were featured in the CBC TV series 2143: 1993:Lakeside Colony of Hutterian Brethren v. Hofer 1980:Lakeside Colony of Hutterian Brethren v. Hofer 1831:Alberta v. Hutterian Brethren of Wilson Colony 1156:, who allowed them to settle on crown land in 5052: 4027: 3463:, 42nd Parl., 1st Sess., № 37 (2018‑03‑28–29) 2948: 1960:Alberta v Hutterian Brethren of Wilson Colony 1629:residents working in those respective areas. 1423: 1186:In 1852 a second village was founded, called 850:. In November 1535, Hutter was captured near 585: 4534:. Vol. 66. JHU Press. pp. 411–20. 2885: 2883: 2082: 2016:Eli Wollman Sr. et al. v. Ayers Ranch Colony 1963:. Another recent case in the United States, 1542: 1473: 1272: 1263: 1253: 1144: 1134: 1043: 998: 946: 622: 4797:The Hutterite Petition to Woodrow Roosevelt 4509:"Review of The Hutterites in North America" 4484:Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish, and Brethren 4472: 4470: 4248:"BBC - Inside The Bruderhof - Media Centre" 3810:. The Spokesman Review. Murrow News Service 2293:List of U.S. states by Hutterite population 2113:closely, thus forming a new affiliation of 678:in 1770 and about a hundred years later to 5059: 5045: 4101: 4063:. Vancouver: Univ of British Columbia Pr. 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2231:Hutterite population by Canadian province 647:of the early 16th century and have formed 592: 578: 169: 4925:The Prairie People: Forgotten Anabaptists 4636: 3629: 3364:The Prairie People: Forgotten Anabaptists 2880: 1593:Learn how and when to remove this message 1464:, who have almost no written books about 4605:Complete Second Season DVD Kung Fu, 2005 4467: 4382: 3801: 3657:. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press. p. 10. 3204:, Reprint MacMillan Colony, 1985, p. 75. 3035:, Baltimore, Maryland, 1995, pp. 181–185 3022:, Baltimore, Maryland, 1995, pp. 169–175 2727:How to Get to Heaven with the Hutterites 2674:In Season 1, Episode 9 of the TV series 2033: 1869: 1841:From 1972 to 1980, Chicago photographer 1754: 1703: 1670: 1516: 1485:The founder of the Hutterite tradition, 1412:In 2018, the Senate of Canada asked the 1306: 1234: 1228:In 1864, the Primary Schools' Bill made 1003:) until the 19th century (by the end of 713: 701: 670:, have resulted in hundreds of years of 4126: 3777:"Turkey Plant Celebrates Grand Opening" 3574:Friesen, J.; Friesen, Virginia (2016). 2915: 2844: 2838: 1162:German Mennonite colonists from Prussia 5524: 4804:Geschicht-Buch der Hutterischen Brüder 4378:– via The Canadian Encyclopedia. 3677: 2949:McLaren, John; Coward, Harold (1999). 2889: 2712:On May 29, 2012, the first episode of 2162: 2124:is a Christian Community of Hutterite 1650: 861: 5202:Schwarzenau (German Baptist) Brethren 5040: 4582: 4298:"Fort Pitt Farms Christian Community" 3702: 3538: 3536: 3413: 3329: 3327: 2732:Another film about the Hutterites is 2636: 2335: 2238: 1743:features could easily be programmed. 4938: 4058: 3652: 2932:Pennsylvania Folklife, Volumes 40–42 2714:American Colony: Meet the Hutterites 2089:, was founded in Germany in 1920 by 1729: 1666: 1575:adding citations to reliable sources 1546: 1369:disallowed by the federal government 1056:that this happened in 1693 or 1694. 898:and Moravia due to the teachings of 68:Regions with significant populations 4616:"Another View of 'American Colony'" 4585:"The Hutterites by Colin Low - NFB" 4414:. Spokesman Review. August 27, 2006 4302:Fort Pitt Farms Christian Community 4106:. McGill-Queen's University Press. 3802:Tompkins, Caitlin (March 8, 2015). 3753:. Prairiebizmag.com. Archived from 3048:, Baltimore, Maryland, 1995, p. 280 2794:Amish and Mennonite Heritage Center 2332: 2235: 2139:, than other Hutterite communities. 2122:Fort Pitt Farms Christian Community 1319:, the pacifist Hutterites suffered 1277:being based on the German word for 813:Anabaptism appears to have come to 13: 4827: 4793:, Moravia, 1565, several reprints. 4775: 4685:. Fox News Channel. August 8, 2012 3990: 3967:Museum of Contemporary Photography 3533: 3324: 2157: 14: 5573: 5011: 3678:Janzen, Rod; et al. (2004). 3550:, 42nd Parl., 1st Sess., Rept. 21 2845:Shenker, Barry (March 31, 2011). 2328:Hutterite population by US state 1767: 1655:Hutterites practice a near-total 1281:), they settled initially in the 1262:, whereas some 400 identified as 692:Great Plains of the United States 5506: 4997: 4838:The Hutterian Brethren 1528-1931 2778: 1936: 1551: 1243: 769:(c. 1480–1528), a Bavarian from 561: 45: 44: 27: 4876:The Hutterites in North America 4757: 4732: 4718: 4697: 4675: 4653: 4630: 4608: 4599: 4576: 4523: 4501: 4455: 4444: 4426: 4404: 4340: 4323:"Elmendorf Christian Community" 4315: 4290: 4265: 4240: 4214: 4189: 4164: 4131: 4120: 4095: 4077: 4030:The Hutterites in North America 4003: 3984: 3955: 3943: 3920: 3908: 3896: 3878: 3852: 3822: 3795: 3769: 3743: 3725: 3696: 3680:The Hutterites in North America 3671: 3646: 3610:New England Journal of Medicine 3596: 3567: 3555: 3511: 3489: 3449: 3432: 3416:Smith's Story of the Mennonites 3407: 3390: 3373: 3356: 3343: 3311: 3298: 3285: 3272: 3259: 3246: 3233: 3220: 3207: 3194: 3181: 3168: 3155: 3142: 3129: 3116: 3103: 3090: 3077: 3064: 3051: 3038: 2115:Hutterite Christian Communities 2047:. The homesteaders were called 1852:A 2018 report published by the 1562:needs additional citations for 1507:principle of worldly separation 1010: 654:The founder of the Hutterites, 5355:Separation of church and state 5066: 4973: 4102:Buckingham, Janet Epp (2014). 3779:. Keloland.Com. Archived from 3444:Johns Hopkins University Press 3321:, Baltimore 1974, pp. 105-106. 3308:, Baltimore 1974, pp. 104-105. 3295:, Baltimore 1974, pp. 103-104. 3025: 3012: 2996: 2983: 2970: 2407:Category:Hutterite communities 2098:Community Farm of the Brethren 1803: 1605:Hutterite colonies are mostly 1452:Contrary to other traditional 1149:). The Hutterites appealed to 278:Separation of church and state 1: 5272:Dordrecht Confession of Faith 4855:The History of the Hutterites 4641:. Askahutterite.wordpress.com 4511:. Cascadiapublishinghouse.com 4462:The 2004 Hutterite Phone Book 4327:Elmendorf Christian Community 3152:, Philadelphia, 1947, p. 203. 2831: 2133:Elmendorf Christian Community 1700:Agriculture and manufacturing 1104:war between Russia and Turkey 722: 4948:, Sioux Falls 1993 (German: 4874:Rod Janzen and Max Stanton: 3917:, Edmonton Sun, May 17, 2007 3733:"Alberta Venture - ARTICLES" 3521:. Global News. July 30, 2020 3269:, Baltimore 1974, pp. 93-96. 3256:, Baltimore 1974, pp. 91-92. 3191:, Baltimore 1974, pp. 72–73. 3178:, Baltimore 1974, pp. 65-67. 3165:, Baltimore 1974, pp. 63-65. 3100:, Baltimore 1974, pp. 17–20. 2993:, Baltimore 1974, pp. 10–11. 2890:Linder, Robert Dean (2008). 2317:since the mid-20th century. 2029: 1750: 1078: 1042:incursions during which the 7: 5350:Priesthood of all believers 5289:Anabaptist–Jewish relations 4986:, Zürich and New York 1998. 4984:Hutterite: A World of Grace 4864:, Edmonton, Alberta, 1987. 4637:kwollmann (June 21, 2012). 4480:On the Backroad to Heaven: 3655:The Courts and the Colonies 3499:. CBC News. August 23, 2020 2799:Anabaptist Museum (Austria) 2771: 2718:National Geographic Channel 2400: 2144:Population and distribution 1865: 1792:oil well. The other is the 1680:build a "daughter" colony. 1456:groups like the Amish, the 1447: 1385:COVID-19 pandemic in Canada 1330:Leavenworth Military Prison 643:, trace their roots to the 273:Priesthood of all believers 10: 5578: 5335:Nonconformity to the world 5229:Apostolic Christian Church 4888:John Lehr and Yosef Kats: 4780: 4618:. Hutterites. June 1, 2012 4032:. JHU Press. p. 149. 3932:December 21, 2009, at the 3543:Canada, Parliament, Senate 3456:Canada, Parliament, Senate 2953:. SUNY Press. p. 98. 2896:Greenwood Publishing Group 2581:Fertility rate (per woman) 2404: 2290: 1904: 1512: 1424:Partial return to the U.S. 1418:Working Income Tax Benefit 1113: 914:. Under the leadership of 876:proto-Protestant movements 739:Reformation in Switzerland 726: 697: 462:Mennonite World Conference 253:Nonconformity to the world 5503: 5425: 5374: 5297: 5242: 5217:Brethren in Christ Church 5125: 5074: 4857:, Altona, Manitoba, 1982. 4400:– via bigthink.com. 3564:at deutsche-biographie.de 3353:, Baltimore 1974, p. 112. 3282:, Baltimore 1974, p. 100. 2980:, Nashville, 2015, p. 12. 2734:The Valley of All Utopias 2519: 2212: 2175:— 1543:Governance and leadership 1343: 1130:, altogether 55 persons. 133: 128: 121: 116: 109: 104: 72: 67: 60: 55: 43: 38: 26: 5537:Anabaptist denominations 5495:Samuel Heinrich Fröhlich 5212:Old Order River Brethren 4969:, Altona, Manitoba 2008. 4840:, Goshen, Indiana, 1931. 3414:Smith, C. Henry (1981). 3243:, Baltimore 1974, p. 78. 3139:, Baltimore 1974, p. 63. 3126:, Baltimore 1974, p. 61. 3113:, Baltimore 1974, p. 31. 3074:, Baltimore 1974, p. 13. 3061:, Baltimore 1974, p. 12. 1326:Joseph and Michael Hofer 808: 5513:Christianity portal 5158:Conservative Mennonites 4744:Internet Movie Database 4197:"Bruderhof Communities" 4059:Esau, Alvin J. (2006). 3864:London Evening Standard 3401:March 25, 2009, at the 3230:, Volume 2, pp. 273-274 3087:, Baltimore 1974, p. 8. 1997:Supreme Court of Canada 1972:Supreme Court of Canada 1814:Alberta Court of Appeal 1737:private branch exchange 1472:(original German title 1365:Communal Properties Act 1350:conscientious objectors 649:intentional communities 568:Christianity portal 452:Conservative Mennonites 232:Doctrines and practices 175:A 1685 illustration by 33:Hutterite women at work 5305:Theology of Anabaptism 5267:Schleitheim Confession 5082:Protestant Reformation 4705:"Letter to John Fahey" 4369:"Hutterites in Canada" 3562:Ambrosius Spittelmaier 3384:July 27, 2009, at the 2755:come out of the closet 2529:Birth rate (per 1000) 2083: 2043:the conditions of the 2039: 1891:Christian headcovering 1875: 1760: 1713: 1676: 1525: 1491:Schleitheim Confession 1474: 1410: 1312: 1311:Michael Hofer – Martyr 1273: 1264: 1254: 1240: 1145: 1135: 1044: 999: 947: 839:on September 6, 1529. 719: 711: 660:Schleitheim Confession 623: 614: 321:Schleitheim Confession 238:Theology of Anabaptism 5542:Ethnoreligious groups 4927:, Hanover, NH, 1999. 4802:Rudolf Wolkan (ed.): 4438:June 9, 2021, at the 3973:on September 10, 2015 3622:10.1056/NEJMoa1508749 3483:"Geographic Location" 2857:10.4324/9780203832639 2825:Walter v Alberta (AG) 2684:) and Will Chandler ( 2149:Historical population 2045:Homestead Act of 1862 2037: 1931:Transylvanian Landler 1873: 1789:Bruderhof Communities 1758: 1707: 1674: 1520: 1462:Old Colony Mennonites 1405: 1310: 1260:Homestead Act of 1862 1238: 1031:(today Vințu de Jos, 966:allies and sold into 799:Ambrosius Spittelmayr 757:on January 21, 1525, 751:Swiss Reformed Church 717: 705: 477:Old Colony Mennonites 5250:German Peasants' War 5153:Old Order Mennonites 4913:), Baltimore, 2001. 3808:The Spokesman-Review 3653:Esau, Alvin (2004). 2509:Owa Hutterite Colony 2462:United States (134) 2072:Owa Hutterite Colony 1710:Martinsdale, Montana 1708:Hutterite colony in 1571:improve this article 1458:Old Order Mennonites 1250:Mennonite delegation 1059:In 1756, a group of 979:Emperor Ferdinand II 960:Ottoman Turkish army 924:Acts of the Apostles 819:German Peasants' War 706:Spread of the early 684:communities of goods 497:Schwarzenau Brethren 482:Old Order Mennonites 437:Apostolic Christians 326:Dordrecht Confession 5320:Freedom of religion 5315:Christian communism 5087:Radical Reformation 4878:, Baltimore, 2010. 4767:. The Daily Bonnet. 4714:– via Scribd. 4392:. November 23, 2021 3997:Great Falls Tribune 3349:John A. Hostetler: 3317:John A. Hostetler: 3304:John A. Hostetler: 3291:John A. Hostetler: 3278:John A. Hostetler: 3265:John A. Hostetler: 3252:John A. Hostetler: 3239:John A. Hostetler: 3187:John A. Hostetler: 3174:John A. Hostetler: 3161:John A. Hostetler: 3135:John A. Hostetler: 3122:John A. Hostetler: 3109:John A. Hostetler: 3096:John A. Hostetler: 3083:John A. Hostetler: 3070:John A. Hostetler: 3057:John A. Hostetler: 3044:Werner O. Packull: 3031:Werner O. Packull: 3018:Werner O. Packull: 2989:John A. Hostetler: 2892:The Reformation Era 2786:Christianity portal 2707:Armin Mueller-Stahl 2583: 2530: 2465:Schmiedeleut (69): 2329: 2232: 2150: 2022:. More recently in 1812:. In May 2007, the 1651:Community ownership 1466:Anabaptist theology 1395:Section 143 of the 868:religious tolerance 862:Moravia and Hungary 761:(c. 1498–1526) and 747:Radical Reformation 718:Bill of impeachment 645:Radical Reformation 268:Freedom of religion 220:Sermon on the Mount 215:Radical Reformation 193:in the present-day 23: 5465:Balthasar Hubmaier 5387:Believer's baptism 5284:Old Order Movement 5163:Russian Mennonites 4959:, Helena, MT 2003. 4955:Lisa Marie Stahl: 4903:Donald B. Kraybill 4850:, Baltimore, 1974. 4819:Robert Friedmann: 4347:Hutterite colonies 3940:37 (July 24, 2009) 3739:on April 10, 2008. 3580:Palgrave Macmillan 3465:, pp. 18–49 at 19. 3438:Stoltzfus, Duane. 3226:Johannes Waldner: 3213:Johannes Waldner: 3148:Johannes Waldner: 2804:Christian pacifism 2669:American Southwest 2637:Depiction in media 2579: 2528: 2327: 2230: 2148: 2040: 1911:Pennsylvania Dutch 1876: 1823:identity documents 1819:Second Commandment 1761: 1714: 1677: 1657:community of goods 1526: 1503:Christian pacifism 1497:, a belief in the 1376:and Saskatchewan. 1313: 1241: 1061:Crypto-Protestants 767:Balthasar Hubmaier 720: 712: 664:community of goods 627:), are a communal 624:Hutterische Brüder 619:Hutterian Brethren 492:Russian Mennonites 472:Mennonite Brethren 442:Brethren in Christ 374:Balthasar Hubmaier 243:Believer's baptism 21: 5519: 5518: 5470:Bernhard Rothmann 5310:Church discipline 5255:Münster rebellion 5117:Congregationalism 4957:My Hutterite Life 4944:Michael Holzach: 4939:Personal accounts 4848:Hutterite Society 4844:John A. Hostetler 4663:. Society Matters 4113:978-0-7735-4327-0 4091:. April 10, 2013. 4017:. April 13, 2018. 3703:Peter, K (1987). 3351:Hutterite Society 3319:Hutterite Society 3306:Hutterite Society 3293:Hutterite Society 3280:Hutterite Society 3267:Hutterite Society 3254:Hutterite Society 3241:Hutterite Society 3189:Hutterite Society 3176:Hutterite Society 3163:Hutterite Society 3137:Hutterite Society 3124:Hutterite Society 3111:Hutterite Society 3098:Hutterite Society 3085:Hutterite Society 3072:Hutterite Society 3059:Hutterite Society 2991:Hutterite Society 2978:The Baptist Story 2866:978-0-203-83263-9 2703:Patricia Arquette 2634: 2633: 2577: 2576: 2487:Dariusleut (21): 2480:Lehrerleut (44): 2398: 2397: 2273: 2272: 2217: 2216: 1941:As part of their 1810:driver's licenses 1730:Use of technology 1667:Daughter colonies 1603: 1602: 1595: 1073:Southern Bavarian 1069:Habsburg monarchy 972:Thirty Years' War 795:Leonhard Schiemer 602: 601: 540:Inspirationalists 509:Related movements 148: 147: 5569: 5511: 5510: 5392:Closed communion 5185:Amish Mennonites 5112:Zwickau prophets 5107:German mysticism 5061: 5054: 5047: 5038: 5037: 5023: 5022: 5020:Official website 4892:, Regina, 2012. 4810:Johannes Waldner 4769: 4768: 4761: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4736: 4730: 4729: 4722: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4701: 4695: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4679: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4657: 4651: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4634: 4628: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4612: 4606: 4603: 4597: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4580: 4574: 4573: 4567: 4563: 4561: 4553: 4527: 4521: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4505: 4499: 4498: 4474: 4465: 4459: 4453: 4448: 4442: 4430: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4408: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4386: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4365: 4352: 4351: 4344: 4338: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4319: 4313: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4294: 4288: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4269: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4244: 4238: 4237: 4235: 4233: 4218: 4212: 4211: 4209: 4207: 4193: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4168: 4162: 4161: 4157: 4151: 4150: 4146: 4140: 4139: 4135: 4129: 4128: 4124: 4118: 4117: 4099: 4093: 4092: 4081: 4075: 4074: 4056: 4047: 4046: 4025: 4019: 4018: 4007: 4001: 4000: 3988: 3982: 3981: 3980: 3978: 3969:, archived from 3959: 3953: 3947: 3941: 3924: 3918: 3912: 3906: 3900: 3894: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3856: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3840:on April 7, 2022 3836:. 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Janzen: 4830: 4828:Scholarly works 4787:Peter Riedemann 4783: 4778: 4776:Further reading 4773: 4772: 4763: 4762: 4758: 4748: 4746: 4738: 4737: 4733: 4724: 4723: 4719: 4709: 4707: 4703: 4702: 4698: 4688: 4686: 4681: 4680: 4676: 4666: 4664: 4659: 4658: 4654: 4644: 4642: 4635: 4631: 4621: 4619: 4614: 4613: 4609: 4604: 4600: 4590: 4588: 4581: 4577: 4565: 4564: 4555: 4554: 4542: 4528: 4524: 4514: 4512: 4507: 4506: 4502: 4495: 4475: 4468: 4460: 4456: 4449: 4445: 4440:Wayback Machine 4431: 4427: 4417: 4415: 4410: 4409: 4405: 4395: 4393: 4388: 4387: 4383: 4373: 4371: 4367: 4366: 4355: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4331: 4329: 4321: 4320: 4316: 4306: 4304: 4296: 4295: 4291: 4281: 4279: 4271: 4270: 4266: 4256: 4254: 4246: 4245: 4241: 4231: 4229: 4228:. 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Janzen, 3361: 3357: 3348: 3344: 3332: 3325: 3316: 3312: 3303: 3299: 3290: 3286: 3277: 3273: 3264: 3260: 3251: 3247: 3238: 3234: 3225: 3221: 3212: 3208: 3199: 3195: 3186: 3182: 3173: 3169: 3160: 3156: 3147: 3143: 3134: 3130: 3121: 3117: 3108: 3104: 3095: 3091: 3082: 3078: 3069: 3065: 3056: 3052: 3043: 3039: 3030: 3026: 3017: 3013: 3001: 2997: 2988: 2984: 2975: 2971: 2961: 2947: 2943: 2930: 2929: 2916: 2906: 2898:. p. 147. 2888: 2881: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2843: 2839: 2834: 2784: 2777: 2774: 2750:Queer Hutterite 2639: 2590:Fertility rate 2580: 2540:South Dakotans 2522: 2409: 2403: 2295: 2146: 2106:Bright, Ontario 2091:Eberhard Arnold 2032: 1947:Peter Riedemann 1939: 1907: 1868: 1855:Huffington Post 1806: 1770: 1753: 1732: 1702: 1669: 1653: 1599: 1588: 1582: 1579: 1568: 1556: 1545: 1524:Limestone House 1515: 1480:Peter Riedemann 1450: 1426: 1346: 1265:Gemeinschaftler 1246: 1116: 1081: 1017:Gabriel Bethlen 1013: 968:Ottoman slavery 878:and upheavals ( 864: 811: 731: 725: 700: 617:), also called 608: 598: 560: 555: 554: 530:Radical Pietism 510: 502: 501: 427: 419: 418: 409:Michael Sattler 399:Pilgram Marpeck 354:George Blaurock 349: 341: 340: 316: 308: 307: 233: 225: 224: 205: 197: 179:, published in 139:Standard German 50: 34: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5575: 5565: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5517: 5516: 5504: 5501: 5500: 5498: 5497: 5492: 5490:Alexander Mack 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5431: 5429: 5423: 5422: 5420: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5378: 5376: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5368: 5365:Sola scriptura 5361: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5325:Great Apostasy 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5301: 5299: 5295: 5294: 5292: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5261:Martyrs Mirror 5257: 5252: 5246: 5244: 5240: 5239: 5237: 5236: 5234:Peace churches 5231: 5226: 5221: 5220: 5219: 5214: 5207:River Brethren 5204: 5199: 5197:Schwenkfelders 5194: 5189: 5188: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5167: 5166: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5133:Swiss Brethren 5129: 5127: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5097:Petr Chelčický 5094: 5089: 5084: 5078: 5076: 5072: 5071: 5064: 5063: 5056: 5049: 5041: 5035: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5013: 5012:External links 5010: 5009: 5008: 5003:Samuel Hofer: 4999: 4996: 4995: 4994: 4987: 4975: 4972: 4971: 4970: 4967:I Am Hutterite 4960: 4953: 4940: 4937: 4936: 4935: 4921: 4909:, (co-author: 4900: 4886: 4872: 4858: 4851: 4841: 4829: 4826: 4825: 4824: 4817: 4807: 4800: 4794: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4771: 4770: 4756: 4731: 4717: 4696: 4674: 4652: 4629: 4607: 4598: 4575: 4566:|journal= 4540: 4522: 4500: 4493: 4466: 4454: 4443: 4425: 4403: 4381: 4353: 4339: 4314: 4289: 4264: 4239: 4213: 4188: 4163: 4152: 4141: 4130: 4119: 4112: 4094: 4076: 4070:978-0774811170 4069: 4048: 4038: 4020: 4002: 3983: 3954: 3942: 3919: 3907: 3895: 3877: 3851: 3821: 3794: 3768: 3742: 3724: 3717: 3695: 3688: 3670: 3663: 3645: 3616:(5): 411–421. 3595: 3588: 3566: 3554: 3532: 3510: 3488: 3467: 3448: 3431: 3424: 3406: 3389: 3372: 3355: 3342: 3323: 3310: 3297: 3284: 3271: 3258: 3245: 3232: 3219: 3206: 3193: 3180: 3167: 3154: 3141: 3128: 3115: 3102: 3089: 3076: 3063: 3050: 3037: 3024: 3011: 2995: 2982: 2969: 2959: 2941: 2914: 2904: 2879: 2865: 2836: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2829: 2828: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2809:Peace churches 2806: 2801: 2796: 2790: 2789: 2773: 2770: 2698:Holy Matrimony 2686:Frank Converse 2654:The Hutterites 2638: 2635: 2632: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2620: 2616: 2615: 2612: 2608: 2607: 2604: 2600: 2599: 2596: 2592: 2591: 2588: 2575: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2564: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2553: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2542: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2521: 2518: 2514: 2513: 2512: 2511: 2502: 2501: 2500: 2485: 2478: 2460: 2459: 2458: 2444: 2434: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2395: 2392: 2388: 2387: 2384: 2378: 2377: 2374: 2368: 2367: 2364: 2358: 2357: 2354: 2348: 2347: 2344: 2338: 2337: 2336:2020 estimate 2334: 2289: 2288: 2271: 2270: 2267: 2261: 2260: 2257: 2251: 2250: 2247: 2241: 2240: 2237: 2228: 2227: 2215: 2214: 2210: 2209: 2206: 2203: 2199: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2188: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2177: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2166: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2145: 2142: 2141: 2140: 2130: 2110: 2109: 2100:, also called 2094: 2079: 2031: 2028: 1984:Hofer v. Hofer 1976:Hofer v. Hofer 1938: 1935: 1906: 1903: 1867: 1864: 1847:The Hutterites 1836:identity theft 1805: 1802: 1769: 1768:Major branches 1766: 1752: 1749: 1731: 1728: 1701: 1698: 1668: 1665: 1652: 1649: 1623:crop insurance 1601: 1600: 1559: 1557: 1550: 1544: 1541: 1514: 1511: 1478:), written by 1449: 1446: 1425: 1422: 1397:Income Tax Act 1345: 1342: 1245: 1242: 1204:Johann Cornies 1124:Russian Empire 1115: 1112: 1080: 1077: 1012: 1009: 983:Bubonic plague 910:, Austria and 880:Czech Brethren 863: 860: 810: 807: 803:Jakob Widemann 791:Hans Schlaffer 727:Main article: 724: 721: 699: 696: 690:and the upper 688:Western Canada 629:ethnoreligious 600: 599: 597: 596: 589: 582: 574: 571: 570: 557: 556: 553: 552: 550:Neo-Anabaptism 547: 542: 537: 532: 527: 522: 517: 515:Schwenkfelders 511: 508: 507: 504: 503: 500: 499: 494: 489: 487:River Brethren 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 439: 434: 428: 426:Largest groups 425: 424: 421: 420: 417: 416: 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 389:Alexander Mack 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 350: 347: 346: 343: 342: 339: 338: 336:Martyrs Mirror 333: 328: 323: 317: 314: 313: 310: 309: 306: 305: 300: 295: 290: 285: 280: 275: 270: 265: 260: 255: 250: 245: 240: 234: 231: 230: 227: 226: 223: 222: 217: 212: 206: 203: 202: 199: 198: 182:Martyrs Mirror 174: 166: 165: 159: 158: 146: 145: 131: 130: 126: 125: 119: 118: 114: 113: 107: 106: 102: 101: 70: 69: 65: 64: 58: 57: 53: 52: 41: 40: 36: 35: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5574: 5563: 5562:Simple living 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5514: 5509: 5502: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5440:Conrad Grebel 5438: 5436: 5433: 5432: 5430: 5424: 5418: 5417:Simple living 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5379: 5377: 5373: 5367: 5366: 5362: 5360: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5340:Nonresistance 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5302: 5300: 5296: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5279: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5262: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5241: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5209: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5172: 5171: 5168: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5150: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5124: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5079: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5062: 5057: 5055: 5050: 5048: 5043: 5042: 5039: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5021: 5016: 5015: 5006: 5002: 5001: 4998:Further books 4993:Manitoba 2016 4992: 4989:Kelly Hofer: 4988: 4985: 4981: 4978: 4977: 4968: 4964: 4961: 4958: 4954: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4942: 4934: 4933:9780874519303 4930: 4926: 4922: 4920: 4919:9780801870897 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4898:9780889773585 4895: 4891: 4887: 4885: 4884:9780801894893 4881: 4877: 4873: 4871: 4870:9780888641083 4867: 4863: 4859: 4856: 4852: 4849: 4845: 4842: 4839: 4835: 4832: 4831: 4823:, Wien, 1965. 4822: 4818: 4815: 4811: 4808: 4805: 4801: 4798: 4795: 4792: 4788: 4785: 4784: 4766: 4760: 4745: 4741: 4740:"Walk a Mile" 4735: 4727: 4721: 4710:September 16, 4706: 4700: 4689:September 16, 4684: 4678: 4667:September 16, 4662: 4656: 4645:September 16, 4640: 4633: 4622:September 16, 4617: 4611: 4602: 4591:September 16, 4586: 4579: 4571: 4559: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4541:9780801870897 4537: 4533: 4526: 4515:September 16, 4510: 4504: 4496: 4494:9780801870897 4490: 4487:. JHU Press. 4486: 4485: 4483: 4473: 4471: 4463: 4458: 4452: 4447: 4441: 4437: 4434: 4429: 4418:September 17, 4413: 4407: 4391: 4385: 4370: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4348: 4343: 4328: 4324: 4318: 4303: 4299: 4293: 4278: 4274: 4268: 4253: 4252:www.bbc.co.uk 4249: 4243: 4227: 4223: 4217: 4202: 4198: 4192: 4177: 4173: 4167: 4156: 4145: 4134: 4123: 4115: 4109: 4105: 4098: 4090: 4086: 4080: 4072: 4066: 4062: 4055: 4053: 4045: 4041: 4039:9780801899256 4035: 4031: 4024: 4016: 4012: 4006: 3998: 3994: 3987: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3958: 3951: 3946: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3928: 3923: 3916: 3911: 3904: 3899: 3892: 3888: 3887: 3881: 3865: 3861: 3855: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3825: 3809: 3805: 3798: 3782: 3778: 3772: 3756: 3752: 3746: 3738: 3734: 3728: 3720: 3718:0-7748-1116-1 3714: 3709: 3708: 3699: 3691: 3689:9780801899256 3685: 3681: 3674: 3666: 3664:0-7748-1116-1 3660: 3656: 3649: 3641: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3599: 3591: 3589:9781403982230 3585: 3581: 3577: 3570: 3563: 3558: 3552:(2018‑05‑31). 3551: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3537: 3520: 3514: 3498: 3492: 3484: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3464: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3445: 3442:. Baltimore: 3441: 3435: 3427: 3425:0-87303-069-9 3421: 3417: 3410: 3404: 3400: 3397: 3393: 3387: 3383: 3380: 3376: 3369: 3365: 3359: 3352: 3346: 3339: 3335: 3330: 3328: 3320: 3314: 3307: 3301: 3294: 3288: 3281: 3275: 3268: 3262: 3255: 3249: 3242: 3236: 3229: 3223: 3216: 3210: 3203: 3200:John Horsch: 3197: 3190: 3184: 3177: 3171: 3164: 3158: 3151: 3145: 3138: 3132: 3125: 3119: 3112: 3106: 3099: 3093: 3086: 3080: 3073: 3067: 3060: 3054: 3047: 3041: 3034: 3028: 3021: 3015: 3008: 3004: 2999: 2992: 2986: 2979: 2973: 2966: 2962: 2960:9780791440025 2956: 2952: 2945: 2938: 2933: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2911: 2907: 2905:9780313318436 2901: 2897: 2893: 2886: 2884: 2872:September 20, 2868: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2851:. Routledge. 2850: 2849: 2841: 2837: 2827: 2826: 2822: 2820: 2819:Simple living 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2791: 2787: 2781: 2776: 2769: 2767: 2762: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2751: 2746: 2744: 2743: 2737: 2735: 2730: 2728: 2723: 2719: 2716:aired on the 2715: 2710: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2699: 2694: 2693:Leonard Nimoy 2689: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2678: 2672: 2670: 2665: 2664: 2658: 2655: 2651: 2649: 2645: 2644: 2643:49th Parallel 2629: 2626: 2625: 2621: 2618: 2617: 2613: 2610: 2609: 2605: 2602: 2601: 2597: 2594: 2593: 2589: 2586: 2585: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2565: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2554: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2526: 2517: 2510: 2506: 2505: 2503: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2483: 2479: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2463: 2461: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2417: 2416: 2415:Canada (347) 2414: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2393: 2390: 2389: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2379: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2369: 2365: 2363: 2360: 2359: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2349: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2339: 2331: 2325: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2312: 2309:and seven in 2308: 2304: 2300: 2294: 2287:United States 2286: 2285: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2262: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2252: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2242: 2234: 2225: 2224: 2223: 2220: 2211: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2200: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2178: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2167: 2161: 2156: 2153: 2152: 2138: 2134: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2120: 2119: 2118: 2116: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2092: 2087: 2086: 2080: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2068: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2036: 2027: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2004: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1961: 1954: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1937:In the courts 1934: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1902: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1887: 1883: 1881: 1872: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1856: 1850: 1848: 1844: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1832: 1826: 1824: 1820: 1815: 1811: 1801: 1797: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1765: 1757: 1748: 1744: 1742: 1738: 1727: 1724: 1718: 1711: 1706: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1673: 1664: 1662: 1658: 1648: 1644: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1630: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1611: 1608: 1597: 1594: 1586: 1576: 1572: 1566: 1565: 1560:This section 1558: 1554: 1549: 1548: 1540: 1538: 1533: 1531: 1523: 1519: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1483: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1421: 1419: 1415: 1409: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1393: 1389: 1386: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1370: 1366: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1341: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1322: 1318: 1309: 1305: 1303: 1299: 1293: 1291: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1269: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1244:United States 1237: 1233: 1231: 1226: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1213: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1196:Neu-Huttertal 1193: 1189: 1184: 1182: 1178: 1173: 1171: 1165: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1139:) to that of 1137: 1131: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1111: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1096: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1008: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 984: 980: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 952: 949: 944: 943:Upper Hungary 938: 936: 935:nonresistance 931: 929: 928:2 Corinthians 925: 922:books of the 921: 920:New Testament 917: 913: 909: 903: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 859: 857: 854:and taken to 853: 849: 844: 840: 838: 833: 832:Puster Valley 827: 824: 820: 816: 806: 804: 800: 796: 792: 789:(1490–1527), 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 763:Jörg Blaurock 760: 759:Conrad Grebel 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 730: 716: 709: 704: 695: 693: 689: 685: 681: 680:North America 677: 673: 669: 668:nonresistance 665: 661: 657: 652: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 625: 620: 616: 611: 606: 595: 590: 588: 583: 581: 576: 575: 573: 572: 569: 564: 559: 558: 551: 548: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 512: 506: 505: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 438: 435: 433: 430: 429: 423: 422: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 404:Melchior Rink 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 364:Conrad Grebel 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 351: 345: 344: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 318: 312: 311: 304: 303:Simple living 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 264: 261: 259: 258:Nonresistance 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 235: 229: 228: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 207: 201: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 183: 178: 172: 168: 167: 164: 161: 160: 156: 152: 151: 144: 140: 136: 132: 127: 124: 120: 115: 112: 108: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 74:North America 71: 66: 63: 59: 54: 42: 37: 30: 25: 19: 5485:Jakob Ammann 5480:Menno Simons 5475:Dirk Philips 5460:Jakob Hutter 5397:Foot washing 5363: 5276: 5259: 5192:Abecedarians 5180:Beachy Amish 5143:Batenburgers 5137: 5004: 4990: 4983: 4980:Kristin Capp 4966: 4956: 4949: 4945: 4924: 4906: 4889: 4875: 4861: 4860:Karl Peter: 4854: 4853:John Hofer: 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