1283:, "fatwas are issued in response to specific circumstances and can be altered in response to changing conditions". He argued that Khomeini altered some of his former viewpoints on issues such as taxes, military conscription, women's suffrage and monarchy as a form of government and so Khamenei may likewise modify supplanting his nuclear fatwa under critical circumstances. Similarly, Michael Eisenstadt argued that Khamenei may have issued the fatwa to reduce the international pressure on Iran and that "no religious principle would prevent Khamenei from modifying or supplanting his initial fatwa if circumstances were to change" and "expediency/interest of the regime (
20:
54:
1361:
2432:
425:
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956:
1230:" does not apply here because the fatwa by Khamenei is a primary religious order, not a secondary one. According to him, Khamenei's fatwa bans massacre of innocent people; that is not going to change in any situation since it is a primary order. Also, he said that Islamic jurists have banned deception in
1182:
So I close by saying to all of you that the singular objective that brought us to Geneva remains our singular objective as we leave Geneva, and that is to ensure that Iran does not acquire a nuclear weapon. In that singular object, we are resolute. Foreign
Minister Zarif emphasized that they don't
1145:
This is while we are not after nuclear tests. We are not after nuclear weapons. And this is not because they are telling us not to pursue these things. Rather, we do not want these things for the sake of ourselves and our religion and because reason is telling us not to do so. Both shar'i and aqli
1136:
We believe that besides nuclear weapons, other types of weapons of mass destruction such as chemical and biological weapons also pose a serious threat to humanity. The
Iranian nation which is itself a victim of chemical weapons feels more than any other nation the danger that is caused by the
1105:
has been a subject of international debate for decades. The
Iranian government claims that the purpose of its nuclear development is to produce electricity, and Khamenei said that it fundamentally rejects nuclear weapons, but experts believe that Iran is technically able to enrich uranium for
1127:
The
Iranian official website for information on its nuclear program has provided numerous instances of public statements by Khamenei in which he voices his opposition to pursuit and development of nuclear weapons in moral, religious and Islamic juridical terms. Khamenei's official website
1137:
production and stockpiling of such weapons and is prepared to make use of all its facilities to counter such threats. We consider the use of such weapons as haraam and believe that it is everyone's duty to make efforts to secure humanity against this great disaster.
1079:
According to Gareth Porter, the fatwa was issued for the first time in the mid-1990s in a letter that was never publicly released. The fatwa was issued "without any fanfare" responding to a request from an official "for his religious opinion on nuclear weapons".
1297:" in the Iranian political-legal system is not totally understood but also because the history of the fatwa is ignored. He also believes that to understand Iranian policy toward nuclear weapons, one should refer to the "historical episode during its eight-year
1305:
seeking revenge for Iraqis attacks killing 20,000 Iranians and severely injured 100,000 more. Porter argues that fact to suggest strongly that Iran has sincerely made a "deep-rooted" ban on developing chemical and nuclear weapons. In an interview with Porter,
1195:
Questions have been raised by some experts thinktanks affiliated with the US and Israel on the fatwa's existence, authenticity and impact and on whether it was only a political statement that lacks the authority of a religiously-binding fatwa.
1117:
The
Americans say they stopped Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapon. They know it's not true. We had a fatwa (religious ruling), declaring nuclear weapons to be religiously forbidden under Islamic law. It had nothing to do with the nuclear
217:
1244:
had admitted the nuclear option was explored and referred to it in an interview. However, according to the
Iranian nuclear hope website, Rafsanjani's interview, when it was initially published, was "skewed by
1146:
fatwas dictate that we do not pursue them. Our aqli fatwa is that we do not need a nuclear weapon either in the present time or in the future. A nuclear weapon is a source of trouble for a country like ours.
1113:(JCPOA) agreement, Khamenei delivered a speech, highlighting his fatwa and rejecting the claim that the nuclear talks, rather than Iran's religious abstinence, prevented Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons:
1861:
1272:
argues that the references to the fatwa by the US government may be done to give the
Iranians a route to compromise on the basis of religious beliefs rather than pressure from US-led sanctions.
1314:, disclosed how Khomeini had opposed his proposal for beginning working on both nuclear and chemical weapons by a fatwa. The details on when and how it was issued had never been made public.
194:
1524:
1060:
In 2021, acknowledging the fatwa, Iran's
Minister of Intelligence said that the country may nevertheless change their stance if "pushed in that direction" like a "cornered cat".
331:
189:
2304:
2007:
1923:
1904:
1256:, whether the fatwa "actually exists and even whether Mr. Khamenei is entitled to issue fatwas and finally how changeable are fatwas are all contested matters". While
2239:
1660:
2056:
1187:
The fatwa is regarded as consistent with a set of rules in
Islamic tradition that prohibit weapons that indiscriminately kill women, children and the elderly.
1050:, which killed 20,000 Iranians and severely injured 100,000 more. According to Khalaji, the fatwa is also considered to be consistent with Islamic tradition.
1013:
dates back to the mid-1990s. The first public announcement is reported to have occurred in
October 2003, followed by an official statement at a meeting of the
1954:
1732:
1563:
184:
179:
1476:
347:
154:
1249:
media," and Rafsanjani said that "there was no reason to go toward the military aspect of nuclear issues, we did not want to build nuclear weapons."
222:
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388:
357:
337:
308:
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102:
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229:
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2309:
1908:
1604:
212:
2011:
1931:
1828:
2291:
2163:
61:
2026:
2135:
1087:. Two years later, in August 2005, the fatwa was cited in an official statement by the Iranian government at a meeting of the
1394:
984:
362:
352:
318:
1635:
2183:
1294:
1063:
At a meeting with the Islamic Republic's Foreign Ministry members on May 20th, 2023, Ali Khamenei said that entering the
1047:
381:
245:
2214:
2173:
1110:
1088:
1064:
1014:
174:
133:
123:
97:
1042:, Iran's aversion to nuclear and chemical weapons is sincere because of the "historical episode during its eight-year
2314:
1409:
1311:
1265:
1214:
to give up his nuclear weapons program". Some analysts raised the possibility that Khamenei might be lying by using
2489:
1802:
591:
449:
37:
2484:
2332:
159:
1576:
2474:
2419:
2224:
1692:
1404:
1264:, recalls seeing the letter containing the anti-nuclear fatwa issued in the mid-1990s in office of the Iranian
374:
1155:
The fatwa has been widely discussed by international officials and was referred to in remarks by US President
1024:
Some analysts have questioned either the existence, applicability and/or constancy of the fatwa. According to
1449:
1222:, reportedly from a nephew of Ali Khamenei, stated that Khamenei practiced taqiyya with regard to the fatwa.
1053:
The fatwa is included on Khamenei's official website, and it was referred to in remarks by both US President
87:
1486:
785:
92:
601:
469:
464:
169:
82:
1183:
intend to do this, and the supreme leader has indicated there is a fatwa, which forbids them to do this.
2158:
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1890:
1379:
1084:
804:
606:
68:
19:
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1102:
705:
474:
1384:
1257:
1241:
977:
932:
524:
459:
1525:"Fact Checker Did Iran's supreme leader issue a fatwa against the development of nuclear weapons?"
1293:
argues that "the analysis of Khamenei's fatwa has been flawed", not only because the role of the "
1141:
Also, he said during a speech delivered on 9 April 2015 in a meeting with a group of panegyrists:
2469:
2229:
2219:
1714:
1083:
In October 2003, Khamenei issued an oral fatwa that forbade the production and using any form of
902:
45:
2409:
2256:
2178:
1028:, Khamenei may alter his fatwa under critical circumstances, as did his predecessor, Ayatollah
1006:
867:
481:
454:
342:
27:
1260:, head of the Iranian Foreign Relations Committee from 1997 to 2005 and a research scholar at
511:
2494:
2464:
2459:
2435:
2284:
2188:
2121:
2104:
1128:
specifically cites a 2010 version of those statements in the fatwa section of the website in
695:
596:
586:
579:
556:
277:
690:
2404:
2193:
1862:"Ayatollah Ali Khamenei criticises 'arrogance' of the United States following nuclear deal"
1261:
1223:
882:
739:
626:
561:
491:
265:
164:
8:
1529:
970:
917:
897:
834:
506:
486:
407:
53:
1838:
1608:
1605:"حرمت سلاح کشتار جمعی (Hormah [being forbidden] of weapons of mass destruction)"
1218:, which is a form of religious dissembling. In 2015, an open letter to Obama, posted on
2392:
2386:
2298:
1753:"علی خامنهای برجام را «تقیه» خواند: «نرمش قهرمانانه در داخل و خارج کشور بد فهمیده شد»"
1307:
1236:
1202:
444:
287:
2083:"A report on a skewed interview; Rafsanjani: We never wanted to build nuclear weapons"
2362:
2034:
1443:
1352:
1298:
1043:
960:
927:
892:
824:
651:
621:
282:
2057:"Rafsanjani revelation on Iran drive for nuclear bomb eludes alleged Khamenei fatwa"
2008:"Open letter of Ali Khamenei's nephew to the US president Barak Obama ▪ Iranian.com"
1170:
Iran's supreme leader has issued a fatwa against the development of nuclear weapons.
2344:
2338:
1737:
1269:
937:
912:
829:
292:
272:
2454:
2350:
2324:
1366:
1010:
877:
722:
631:
644:
2414:
2374:
2356:
1665:
1481:
1389:
1096:
1038:
942:
844:
780:
712:
250:
1661:"Remarks by President Obama in Address to the United Nations General Assembly"
2448:
2368:
1984:
1905:"Supreme Leader's Message to International Conference on Nuclear Disarmament"
1472:
1290:
1276:
1163:
1033:
1025:
839:
700:
685:
1777:
1715:"Iran's spy chief says Tehran could seek nuclear arms if 'cornered' by West"
2277:
2234:
2144:
1321:
said the fatwa only forbids the use of a nuclear weapon, not its creation.
1318:
1253:
1156:
1054:
1002:
887:
717:
616:
313:
260:
255:
23:
2027:"Is the fatwa banning production of nuclear weapons a "political taqiya"?"
2380:
2105:"Fmr. Iran MP: From the very beginning we wanted to build a nuclear bomb"
1979:
1338:
1219:
1197:
817:
732:
727:
678:
611:
566:
551:
546:
536:
501:
1806:
1752:
1360:
1607:. Official Website of Ayatollah Khamenei–Fatwas Section. Archived from
1434:
1175:
872:
415:
1565:
Nuclear Fatwa; Religion and Politics in Iran's Proliferation Strategy
1399:
1234:
and war, which are Islamic leaders he respects. On November 1, 2015,
907:
792:
666:
424:
1206:
noted that Khamenei said "that it was a mistake for Col. Muammar el-
1833:
1067:, an agreement centered on restricting Iran's nuclear program, was
1029:
797:
770:
756:
496:
2082:
1410:(Seyyed Ali Khamenei's letter) "To the Youth in Western Countries"
1284:
1246:
1215:
1207:
673:
661:
656:
128:
2113:
1301:", which explains why Iran never used chemical weapons against
1092:
1068:
1018:
922:
862:
765:
746:
541:
531:
439:
1955:"Seeking Nuclear Insight in Fog of the Ayatollah's Utterances"
1346:
955:
1778:"خامنهای: انعطاف جاهایی لازم است اما به معنی عقبنشینی نیست"
1231:
1211:
1129:
998:
775:
751:
138:
107:
77:
1132:
as a fatwa on "Prohibition of Weapons of Mass Destruction":
1733:"Iran may pursue nuclear weapon, intel minister warns West"
1678:
1302:
1803:"Iran, holder of peaceful nuclear fuel cycle technology"
1693:"Khamenei: Opposition to US persists after nuclear deal"
1095:. It stated that the production, stockpiling and use of
1562:
Eisenstadt, Michael; Khalaji, Mehdi (September 2011),
1924:"Supreme Leader's Speech in Meeting with Panegyrists"
1636:"Iran says nuclear fatwa exists; others don't buy it"
1328:
1805:. Mathaba.net, IRNA. 25 August 2005. Archived from
1032:, on some civil and political issues. According to
1009:, against the acquisition, development and use of
1561:
2446:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1240:also noted that the fatwa came after President
1438:. Archived from the original on 16 March 2006.
358:Mossad infiltration of Iranian nuclear archive
2305:Fatwa against insulting revered Sunni figures
2129:
1887:"Legal Aspects–Fatwa against Nuclear Weapons"
1859:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1501:
978:
382:
1456:
2240:8-Article Command to the Chiefs of Branches
1952:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1427:
2271:Four main books of Biographical-Evaluation
2264:An Outline of Islamic Thought in the Quran
2169:October 1981 Iranian presidential election
2136:
2122:
1980:"Iran's nuclear theology: Bombs and truth"
1592:
1375:Anti-nuclear movement in the United States
985:
971:
389:
375:
103:Isfahan Nuclear Technology/Research Center
1853:
1573:Washington Institute for Near East Policy
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1430:"An Iran option the US prefers to ignore"
1310:, the eight-year wartime minister of the
1281:Washington Institute for Near East Policy
2310:To the Youth in Europe and North America
1622:
18:
2292:Ruhe-Tawhid, Nafye Obudiate GheireKhoda
2085:. Iranian Nuclear Hope. 1 November 2015
1522:
338:Iran–United States relations after 1979
2447:
2018:
1544:
1471:
1226:, an Iranian politician, argues that "
1162:In a statement on a conversation with
1122:
1106:producing a bomb within a few months.
2117:
1477:"When the Ayatollah Said No to Nukes"
1395:Nuclear weapons and the United States
1046:", and Iran never sought revenge for
1795:
1655:
1653:
1633:
1523:Kessler, Glenn (November 27, 2013).
1428:L Afrasiabi, Kaveh (17 March 2006).
2184:Statement of 14 Political Activists
2075:
1174:A similar statement is quoted from
1048:Iraqi chemical attacks against Iran
309:Assassination of nuclear scientists
13:
2174:1985 Iranian presidential election
1889:. nuclearenergy.ir. Archived from
1837:. 11 November 2010. Archived from
1111:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
1089:International Atomic Energy Agency
1065:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
1015:International Atomic Energy Agency
218:Iranian act implementing the JCPOA
134:International Atomic Energy Agency
124:Atomic Energy Organization of Iran
14:
2506:
2315:To the Youth in Western Countries
2024:
1921:
1650:
1421:
1312:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
1266:Supreme National Security Council
2431:
2430:
2143:
2107:. Jerusalem Post. 25 April 2022.
2010:. 15 August 2015. Archived from
1359:
1345:
1331:
954:
423:
52:
2333:Mansoureh Khojasteh Bagherzadeh
2097:
2049:
2000:
1972:
1946:
1915:
1907:. 17 April 2010. Archived from
1897:
1879:
1821:
1770:
1745:
1725:
1634:Oren, Dorell (4 October 2013).
363:Views on Iran's nuclear program
170:2015 prelim agreement, Lausanne
2420:Mohammad Mohammadi Golpayegani
2225:Second Phase of the Revolution
1860:Staff writers (18 July 2015).
1707:
1685:
1405:Second Phase of the Revolution
165:2013 interim agreement, Geneva
1:
2210:Fatwa against nuclear weapons
1953:JAMES RISEN (13 April 2012).
1829:"Q&A: Iran nuclear issue"
1415:
1074:
1150:
1099:were forbidden under Islam.
786:Bektashism and folk religion
175:2015 final agreement, Vienna
7:
2215:Islamic clerics in politics
1324:
1190:
246:Iranian nuclear negotiators
16:Statement of Iranian policy
10:
2511:
2159:Ahl Al-Bayt World Assembly
1380:History of nuclear weapons
1085:weapon of mass destruction
2428:
2323:
2248:
2202:
2151:
1928:Khamenei official website
1448:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1759:(in Persian). 2023-06-01
1275:According to Khalaji, a
1258:Seyyed Hossein Mousavian
1242:Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
933:Umm Farwah bint al-Qasim
213:Nuclear Achievements Act
195:United States withdrawal
155:Non-Proliferation Treaty
147:International agreements
108:Karun atomic energy site
2490:Nuclear program of Iran
2220:Iran Slogan of the Year
2025:Elham, Gholam-Hossein.
326:against nuclear weapons
46:Nuclear program of Iran
2485:Nuclear energy in Iran
2410:Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel
2257:A 250 Years Old Person
2179:Supreme Leader of Iran
1185:
1172:
1148:
1139:
1120:
1103:Iran's nuclear program
1057:and Khamenei himself.
1007:Supreme Leader of Iran
868:Khadija bint Khuwaylid
455:Succession to Muhammad
343:Sanctions against Iran
30:
28:Supreme Leader of Iran
2475:Islamic jurisprudence
2189:Executive Order 13876
2164:Assassination attempt
1385:Ja'fari jurisprudence
1180:
1168:
1143:
1134:
1115:
961:Shia Islam portal
587:Verse of purification
434:Beliefs and practices
22:
2405:Azizollah Khoshvaght
2194:Mahsa Amini protests
2037:on 17 September 2017
1911:on 12 November 2013.
1489:on 21 September 2017
1262:Princeton University
1224:Gholam-Hossein Elham
1109:Four days after the
883:Umm Kulthum bint Ali
562:Mourning of Muharram
492:Mourning of Muharram
324:Ali Khamenei's fatwa
1841:on 14 November 2010
1669:. 24 September 2013
1530:The Washington Post
1475:(16 October 2014).
1123:Official statements
898:Ruqayya bint Husayn
805:Extinct Shi'a sects
525:Days of remembrance
512:Arbaʽeen Pilgrimage
507:The Four Companions
332:Manufactured Crisis
160:Additional Protocol
2393:Mahmoud Moradkhani
2387:Farideh Moradkhani
2249:Books and messages
2014:on 15 August 2015.
1959:The New York Times
1721:. 9 February 2021.
1317:Former Iranian MP
1308:Mohsen Rafighdoost
1237:The Jerusalem Post
1203:The New York Times
718:Atba-i-Malak Bohra
645:Branches and sects
592:Two weighty things
230:US Congress review
31:
2442:
2441:
2399:Co-fathers-in-law
2063:. 1 November 2015
1809:on 10 August 2013
1679:National Archives
1353:Shia Islam portal
1287:) so required,"
995:
994:
928:Fatimah bint Asad
893:Fatima bint Hasan
622:Battle of Karbala
399:
398:
223:Majlis commission
2502:
2480:Politics of Iran
2434:
2433:
2383:(brother-in-law)
2138:
2131:
2124:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2033:. Archived from
2022:
2016:
2015:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1930:. Archived from
1919:
1913:
1912:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1757:ایران اینترنشنال
1749:
1743:
1742:
1741:. 21 April 2021.
1738:Associated Press
1729:
1723:
1722:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1676:
1674:
1657:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1631:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1601:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1581:
1575:, archived from
1570:
1559:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1520:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1485:. Archived from
1469:
1454:
1453:
1447:
1439:
1425:
1369:
1364:
1363:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1270:Karim Sadjadpour
1021:in August 2005.
987:
980:
973:
959:
958:
938:Ruqayya bint Ali
913:Fatima bint Musa
427:
418:
412:
411:
401:
400:
391:
384:
377:
56:
33:
32:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2424:
2319:
2244:
2230:Sex segregation
2198:
2147:
2142:
2112:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2088:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2040:
2038:
2023:
2019:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1951:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1934:on 17 June 2015
1920:
1916:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1870:
1868:
1858:
1854:
1844:
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1801:
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1771:
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1726:
1713:
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1708:
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1579:
1568:
1560:
1545:
1535:
1533:
1521:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1470:
1457:
1441:
1440:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1367:politics portal
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1295:guardian jurist
1193:
1153:
1125:
1097:nuclear weapons
1077:
1011:nuclear weapons
991:
953:
948:
947:
878:Zaynab bint Ali
858:
850:
849:
820:
810:
809:
723:Sulaymani Bohra
647:
637:
636:
607:Fatimah's house
582:
572:
571:
527:
517:
516:
435:
414:
413:
405:
404:
395:
325:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2508:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
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1988:. 17 May 2012
1987:
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1985:The Economist
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353:WMD-free zone
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116:Organizations
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2145:Ali Khamenei
2099:
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2077:
2065:. Retrieved
2060:
2051:
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2035:the original
2030:
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1990:. Retrieved
1983:
1974:
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1958:
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1811:. Retrieved
1807:the original
1797:
1786:. Retrieved
1784:(in Persian)
1781:
1772:
1761:. Retrieved
1756:
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1736:
1727:
1718:
1709:
1699:17 September
1697:. Retrieved
1695:. Al Jazeera
1687:
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1671:. Retrieved
1664:
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1613:. Retrieved
1609:the original
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1528:
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1487:the original
1480:
1433:
1423:
1319:Ali Motahari
1316:
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1254:Abbas Milani
1251:
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1157:Barack Obama
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1003:Ali Khamenei
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888:Umm al-Banin
617:Second Fitna
497:Intercession
487:Judgment Day
330:
323:
319:Iran and WMD
314:AMAD Project
190:Negotiations
24:Ali Khamenei
2381:Ali Tehrani
2299:Sharh-e Esm
1992:7 September
1964:7 September
1339:Iran portal
1220:Iranian.com
1198:James Risen
1036:writing in
818:Ahl al-Kisa
733:Qutbi Bohra
728:Alavi Bohra
706:Progressive
632:Persecution
612:First Fitna
567:Omar Koshan
552:Eid al-Adha
547:Eid al-Fitr
450:Prophethood
288:Fakhrizadeh
238:Individuals
2449:Categories
2089:4 November
2067:4 November
1788:2023-06-01
1763:2023-06-01
1642:31 January
1638:. USAToday
1615:2015-08-14
1586:2015-08-18
1435:Asia Times
1416:References
1178:, saying:
1176:John Kerry
1091:(IAEA) in
1075:Background
1017:(IAEA) in
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857:Holy women
445:Holy Books
440:Monotheism
416:Shia Islam
69:Facilities
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1938:25 August
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1673:21 August
1493:21 August
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793:Qizilbash
283:ElBaradei
278:Aghazadeh
185:Aftermath
180:Reactions
88:Darkhovin
2436:Category
2395:(nephew)
2377:(sister)
2363:Mohammad
2359:(father)
2203:Policies
2152:Politics
1834:BBC News
1444:cite web
1325:See also
1285:maslahat
1191:Analysis
1030:Khomeini
825:Muhammad
781:Bektashi
757:Satpanth
691:Musta'li
686:Isma'ili
597:Mubahala
537:Arba'een
408:a series
406:Part of
256:Larijani
62:Timeline
38:a series
36:Part of
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1719:Reuters
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667:Shaykhi
657:Akhbari
652:Ja'fari
580:History
470:Twelver
465:Ismaili
460:Imamate
301:Related
251:Rouhani
129:Oghab 2
83:Bushehr
2455:Fatwas
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2335:(wife)
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1845:28 May
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1118:talks.
1093:Vienna
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482:Angels
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1966:2015
1940:2015
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