Alice in Wonderland syndrome

794:. Additionally, Alice in Wonderland syndrome can be presumed if the patient presents symptoms along with migraines and complains of onset during the day (although it can also occur at night). Ideally, a definite diagnosis requires a thorough physical examination, proper history taking from episodes and occurrences, and a concrete understanding of the signs and symptoms of Alice in Wonderland syndrome for differential diagnosis. A person experiencing Alice in Wonderland syndrome may be reluctant to describe their symptoms out of fear of being labeled with a psychiatric disorder, which can contribute to the difficulty in diagnosing Alice in Wonderland syndrome. In addition, younger individuals may struggle to describe their unusual symptoms, and thus, one recommended approach is to encourage children to draw their visual illusions during episodes. Cases that are suspected should warrant tests and exams such as blood tests, 221: 924:

adolescents in Japan demonstrated the occurrence of macropsia and micropsia to be 6.5% in boys and 7.3% in girls, suggesting that the symptoms of Alice in Wonderland syndrome may not be particularly rare. This also seems to suggest a difference in the male-to-female ratio of people with Alice in Wonderland syndrome. However, according to other studies, it appears that the male/female ratio is dependent on the age range being observed. Studies showed that younger males (age range of 5 to 14 years) were 2.69 times more likely to experience Alice in Wonderland syndrome than girls of the same age, while there were no significant differences between students of 13 to 15 years of age. Conversely, female students (16- to 18-year-olds) showed a significantly greater prevalence.

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disappear, either spontaneously on their own, or with the treatment of the underlying disease, most clinical and non-clinical Alice in Wonderland Syndrome cases are considered to be benign. In cases of Alice in Wonderland syndrome caused by underlying chronic disease, however, symptoms tend to reappear during the active phase of the underlying cause (e.g., migraine, epilepsy). If treatment of Alice in Wonderland Syndrome is determined necessary and useful, it should be focused on treating the suspected underlying disease. Treatment of these underlying conditions mostly involves prescription medications such as

534:, in which the affected person sees objects as being smaller than they are in reality. Macropsia is a condition where the individual sees everything larger than it is. These visual distortions are sometimes classified as "Alice in Wonderland-like syndrome" instead of true Alice in Wonderland syndrome but are often still classified as Alice in Wonderland syndrome by health professionals and researchers since the distinction is not official. Other distortions include teleopsia (objects are perceived further than they actually are) and pelopsia (objects are perceived closer than they actually are). 853:

symptoms may disappear either spontaneously, with the treatment of underlying causes, or after reassurances that symptoms are momentary and harmless. In some cases it is experienced no more than a few episodes of symptoms, in other cases, symptoms may repeat several episodes before resolve. In rare cases, symptoms continue to manifest years after the initial experience, sometimes with the development of new visual disorders or migraines. These manifestations and distortions is why medication is then introduced but have some inducing effects.

1060:. In the story, Alice, the titular character, experiences numerous situations similar to those of micropsia and macropsia. The thorough descriptions of metamorphosis clearly described in the novel were the first of their kind to depict the bodily distortions associated with the condition. There is some speculation that Carroll may have written the story using his own direct experience with episodes of micropsia resulting from the numerous migraines he was known to experience. It has also been suggested that Carroll may have had 25: 818:. Once these symptoms are distinguished and identified, the most likely cause needs to be established. Finally, the diagnosed condition needs to be evaluated to see if the condition is responsible for the symptoms that the individual is presenting. Given the wide variety of metamorphopsias and other distortions, it is not uncommon for Alice in Wonderland syndrome to be misdiagnosed or confused with other etiologies. 986:

these symptoms to the story of Alice in Wonderland. Caro Lippman was the first to hypothesize that the bodily changes that Alice encounters mimicked those of Lewis Carroll's migraine symptoms. Others suggest that Carroll may have familiarized himself with these distorted perceptions through his knowledge of hallucinogenic mushrooms. It has been suggested that Carroll would have been aware of mycologist

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possible cause and influence for hereditary Alice in Wonderland syndrome. Though most frequently described in children and adolescents, observational studies have found that many parents of children experiencing Alice in Wonderland syndrome have also experienced similar symptoms themselves, though often unrecognized. Family history may then be a potential risk factor for Alice in Wonderland syndrome.

127: 66: 974:, about the visual manifestations of the migraines he regularly experienced. In Carroll's diaries, he often wrote of a "bilious headache" that came coupled with severe nausea and vomiting. In 1885, he wrote that he had "experienced, for the second time, that odd optical affection of seeing moving fortifications, followed by a headache". Carroll wrote two books about 928:

in Wonderland syndrome report their children having it as well, the condition is thought possibly to be hereditary. Some parents report not realizing they have experienced Alice in Wonderland syndrome symptoms until after their children have been diagnosed, further indicating that many cases of Alice in Wonderland syndrome likely go unrecognized and under-reported.

550:. Depersonalization is a term specifically used to express a true detachment from their personal self and identity. It is described as being an observer completely outside of their own actions and behaviors. Derealization is seen as "dreamlike, empty, lifeless, or visually distorted." Drug and alcohol use can exacerbate this symptom into psychosis. 575:. Regardless of an individual's disease diagnosis, tachysensia is often included as a symptom associated with Alice in Wonderland Syndrome since it is classified as a perceptual distortion. Therefore, a person can be described as having Alice in Wonderland syndrome even if that person is experiencing tachysensia due to an underlying condition. 879:

phonology, at a frequency of 1 Hz at T3P3. After the second week of treatment, all VAHs and sensory distortions have no effected on the patient and went through a full remission. Follow up appointments were conducted with no signs of any symptoms. By month 8, the symptoms returned. A second treatment was done with complete remission.

952:('AIWS had been described by American Neurologist Caro Lippman in 1952, but Todd's report was the most influential'). Todd discovered that several of his patients experienced severe headaches causing them to see and perceive objects as greatly out of proportion. In addition, they had altered sense of time and touch, as well as 985:

These symptoms have been reported before in scientific literature, including World War I and II soldiers with occipital lesions, so Todd understood that he was not the first person to discover this phenomenon. Additionally, as early as 1933, other researchers such as Coleman and Lippman had compared

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Alice in Wonderland syndrome is more frequently seen in children and young adults. The average age of the start of Alice in Wonderland syndrome is six years old, but it is typical for some people to experience the syndrome from childhood up to their late twenties. Because many parents who have Alice

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In 2011, a patient was examined for having verbal auditory hallucinations (VAHs) and functional MRI (fMRI) was employed to localize cerebral activity during self-reported VAHs. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTSMS) was used on the patient's Brodmann's area 40, in charge of meaning and

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1 in 10 people who experience migraines have symptoms of Alice in Wonderland syndrome. The role of migraines in Alice in Wonderland syndrome is still not understood, but both vascular and electrical theories have been suggested. For example, visual distortions may be a result of transient, localized

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experience, and the lack of time and space perspective can also lead to a distorted sense of velocity. For example, an object could be moving extremely slowly in reality, but to a person experiencing time distortions, it could seem that the object was sprinting uncontrollably along a moving walkway,

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varies between patients and is based on whether an underlying cause has been identified. In many cases, the intensity of the episodes and symptoms decline. Since it is predominately a benign condition, treatment isn't always required. Limitations of the prognosis of Alice in Wonderland syndrome are

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An area of the brain that is important to the development of Alice in Wonderland syndrome is the temporal-parietal-occipital carrefour (TPO-C), where TPO-C region is the meeting point of temporooccipital, parietooccipital, and temporoparietal junctions in the brain. The TPO-C region is also crucial

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Individuals experiencing Alice in Wonderland syndrome can also often experience paranoia as a result of disturbances in sound perception. These disturbances can include the amplification of soft sounds or the misinterpretation of common sounds. Other auditory changes include distortion in pitch and

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The classification is not universally agreed upon in literature, however, some authors distinguish true Alice in Wonderland syndrome based solely on symptoms related to alterations in a person's body image. In contrast, they utilize the term "Alice in Wonderland-like syndrome" to encompass symptoms

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and thalamic projections onto the sensory cortex. Alice in Wonderland syndrome symptoms can precede, accompany, or replace the typical migraine symptoms. Typical migraines (aura, visual derangements, hemicrania headache, nausea, and vomiting) are both a cause and an associated symptom of Alice in

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The neuronal effect of cortical spreading depression (CSD) on TPO-C may demonstrate the link between migraines and Alice in Wonderland Syndrome. As children experience Alice in Wonderland Syndrome more than adults, it is hypothesized that structural differences in the brain between children and

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Because AlWS is not commonly diagnosed and documented, it is difficult to estimate what the main causes are. The cause of over half of the documented cases of Alice in Wonderland syndrome is unknown. Complete and partial forms of the AIWS exist in a range of other disorders, including epilepsy,

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At present (2024), Alice in Wonderland Syndrome has no standardized treatment plan. Tests including electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to view brain activity to examine possible brain injury or deficits. Since symptoms of Alice in Wonderland syndrome often

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Alice in Wonderland syndrome is not part of any major classifications like the ICD-10 and the DSM-5. Since there are no established diagnostic criteria for Alice in Wonderland syndrome, and because Alice in Wonderland syndrome is a disturbance of perception rather than a specific physiological

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Some cases include reoccurring symptoms in which other medical conditions have to be ruled out before diagnosing AIWS If Alice in Wonderland Syndrome is caused by underlying conditions, symptoms typically occur during the underlying disease and can last from few days to months. In most cases,

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While there currently is no identified genetic locus/loci associated with Alice in Wonderland syndrome, observations suggest that a genetic component may exist but the evidence so far is inconclusive. There is also an established genetic component for migraines which may be considered to be a

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The lack of established diagnostic criteria or large-scale epidemiological studies, low awareness of the syndrome, and the unstandardized diagnosis criteria and definition for Alice in Wonderland syndrome mean that the exact prevalence of the syndrome is currently unknown. One study on 3,224

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Depending on which portion of the brain is damaged, the symptoms of Alice in Wonderland syndrome may differ. For example, it has been reported that injury to the anterior portion of the brain is more likely to be correlated to more complex and a wider range of symptoms, whereas damage to the

708:, decreased cerebral blood flow), or reduced blood flow to other areas of the brain. Other theories suggest that distorted body image perceptions stem from within the parietal lobe. This has been demonstrated by the production of body image disturbances through electrical stimulation of the 956:

of their own body. Despite having migraine headaches, none of these patients had brain tumors, damaged eyesight, or mental illness that could have accounted for these and similar symptoms. They were all able to think lucidly and could distinguish hallucinations from reality, however, their

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Research is still being expanded upon and developed on this syndrome in a multitude of different regions and specialties. Future studies are encouraged to include global collaborative efforts that may help improve understanding of Alice in Wonderland syndrome and its epidemiology.

982:(1865), Alice's body shrinks after drinking from a bottle labeled "DRINK ME", after which she consumed a cake that made her so large that she almost touched the ceiling. These features of the story describes the macropsia and micropsia that are so characteristic to this disease. 874:

are rarely used in treating Alice in Wonderland Syndrome symptoms due to their minimal effectiveness. There are also rare cases in which these prescription medications ,specifically antipsychotics, may worsen psychosis and psychotic symptoms due to the severity of distortions.

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bacteria. The Association of Alice in Wonderland syndrome is most commonly seen with the Epstein-Barr virus. However, pathogenesis is not well understood beyond these reviews. In some instances, Alice in Wonderland syndrome was reported to be associated with an

777:. Other reports of tyramine usage and the association with Alice in Wonderland syndrome has been reported but current evidence is inconclusive. Further research is required to establish the genetic and environmental influences on Alice in Wonderland syndrome. 2665:

Blom JD, Looijestijn J, Goekoop R, Diederen KM, Rijkaart AM, Slotema CW, et al. (2011). "Treatment of Alice in Wonderland syndrome and verbal auditory hallucinations using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: a case report with fMRI findings".

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and visual information are interpreted by the brain to generate any internal or external manifestations. Thus, modifications to these regions of the brain may trigger the cause of Alice in Wonderland Syndrome and body schema disorders simultaneously .

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Due to the classification of all the clinical features seen in Alice in Wonderland, the table below illustrates theses features and symptoms by type with Type C having a combination of Type A and Type B symptoms.

978:, the heroine after which the syndrome is named. In the story, Alice experiences several strange feelings that overlap with the characteristics of the syndrome, such as slowing time perception. In chapter two of 2220:

Paniz-Mondolfi AE, Giraldo J, Rodríguez-Morales AJ, Pacheco O, Lombó-Lucero GY, Plaza JD, et al. (October 2018). "Alice in Wonderland syndrome: a novel neurological presentation of Zika virus infection".

566:, a problem similar to the lack of spatial perspective brought on by visual distortion. This condition is known as tachysensia. For those with tachysensia, time may seem to pass very slowly, similar to an 677:, performed on individuals during episodes of Alice in Wonderland syndrome, have demonstrated that Alice in Wonderland Syndrome is associated with reduced cerebral perfusion in various cortical regions ( 398:. It is also theorized that AIWS can be caused by abnormal amounts of electrical activity, resulting in abnormal blood flow in the parts of the brain that process visual perception and texture. 571:

leading to severe, overwhelming disorientation. Having symptoms of tachysensia is correlated with various underlying conditions, including substance use, migraine, epilepsy, head trauma, and

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Alice in Wonderland syndrome can be caused by abnormal amounts of electrical activity resulting in abnormal blood flow in the parts of the brain that process visual perception and texture.

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has been suggested. Within this suggested relationship, Epstein–Barr virus appears to be the most common cause in children, while for adults it is more commonly associated with migraines.

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condition, there is likely to be a large degree of variability in the diagnostic process and thus it can be poorly diagnosed. Often, the diagnosis can be presumed when other causes

712:. Other researchers suggest that metamorphopsias, or visual distortions, may be a result of reduced perfusion of the non-dominant posterior parietal lobe during migraine episodes. 1900:"Trapped in a Glass Bell Jar: Neural Correlates of Depersonalization and Derealization in Subjects at Clinical High-Risk of Psychosis and Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder" 844:

The symptoms of Alice in Wonderland syndrome themselves are not physically harmful for the experiencer. Since there is no established treatment for Alice in Wonderland syndrome,

483:, lingering touch and sound sensations, and emotional instability. Alice in Wonderland syndrome is often associated with distortion of sensory perception, which involves visual, 2516:

Whitfield W (1993). "The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines by World Health Organization". Book Reviews.

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requires three levels of conceptualization. Symptoms need to be distinguished from other disorders that involve hallucinations and illusions. It is usually easy to rule out

3165: 519:, which refer to objects appearing either smaller or larger than reality. People with certain neurological diseases may also experience similar visual hallucinations. 479:, and agitation are also commonly associated symptoms with Alice in Wonderland syndrome. Less frequent symptoms also include: loss of limb control and coordination, 2473:

Valença MM, de Oliveira DA, Martins HA (October 2015). "Alice in Wonderland Syndrome, Burning Mouth Syndrome, Cold Stimulus Headache, and HaNDL: Narrative Review".

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The syndrome is sometimes called Todd's syndrome, about a description of the condition in 1955 by Dr. John Todd (1914–1987), a British consultant psychiatrist at

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Perez-Garcia L, Pacheco O, Delgado-Noguera L, Motezuma JP, Sordillo EM, Paniz Mondolfi AE (August 2021). "Infectious causes of Alice in Wonderland syndrome".

2625: 491:. AIWS episodes vary in length from person to person. Episodes typically last from a few minutes to an hour, and each episode may vary in experience. 487:, and non-visual symptoms. AIWS is characterized by the individual being able to recognize the distortion in the perception of their own body and is 1494: 467:

With over 60 associated symptoms, AIWS affects the sense of vision, sensation, touch, and hearing, as well as the perception of one's body image.

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Kubota K, Shikano H, Fujii H, Nakashima Y, Ohnishi H (December 2020). "Alice in Wonderland syndrome associated with influenza virus infection".

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Wonderland Syndrome. Alice in Wonderland Syndrome is associated with macrosomatognosia which can mostly be experienced during migraine auras.

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Jürgens TP, Ihle K, Stork JH, May A (February 2011). ""Alice in Wonderland syndrome" associated with topiramate for migraine prevention".

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Kuo SC, Yeh YW, Chen CY, Weng JP, Tzeng NS (2012). "Possible association between Alice in Wonderland syndrome and influenza A infection".

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due to the disorder's low prevalence. Because of this, symptoms require careful evaluation and observation by healthcare professionals.

1987: 1040:. It has been referred to as "Lilliput sight" and "Lilliputian hallucination", a term coined by British physician Raoul Leroy in 1909. 698: 445:

Macro- and micropsia and/or tele- and pelopsia. When micropsia and telopsia appear at the same time and for the same object: porropsia

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Lahat E, Eshel G, Arlazoroff A (1991). ""Alice in wonderland" syndrome: a manifestation of infectious mononucleosis in children".

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Along with size, mass, and shape distortions of the body, those with Alice in Wonderland syndrome often experience a feeling of

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One example of environmental influences on the incidence of Alice in Wonderland syndrome includes the drug use and toxicity of

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in areas of the visual pathway during migraine attacks. In addition, a spreading wave of depolarization of cells (particularly

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Although there are cases of Alice in Wonderland Syndrome in both adolescents and adults, it is most commonly seen in children.

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Liu AM, Liu JG, Liu GW, Liu GT (September 2014). ""Alice in wonderland" syndrome: presenting and follow-up characteristics".

1860: 1817: 1790: 1219: 1161: 511:(feeling that their body or body parts are growing taller or larger). These changes in perception are collectively known as 2870: 2342:

Kuo YT, Chiu NC, Shen EY, Ho CS, Wu MC (August 1998). "Cerebral perfusion in children with Alice in Wonderland syndrome".

693:), both in combination and in isolation. One hypothesis is that any condition resulting in a decrease in perfusion of the 145: 137: 1732:

Palacios-Sánchez L, Botero-Meneses JS, Mora-Muñoz L, Guerrero-Naranjo A, Moreno-Matson MC, Pachón N, et al. (2018).

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as those with Alice in Wonderland syndrome are typically aware that their hallucinations and distorted perceptions are

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A 2021 review found that infectious diseases are the most common cause of Alice in Wonderland syndrome, especially in

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Abe K, Oda N, Araki R, Igata M (July 1989). "Macropsia, micropsia, and episodic illusions in Japanese adolescents".

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O'Toole P, Modestino EJ (June 2017). "Alice in Wonderland Syndrome: A real life version of Lewis Carroll's novel".

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Individuals with AIWS can experience illusions of expansion, reduction, or distortion of their body image, such as

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Lanska JR, Lanska DJ (March 2013). "Alice in Wonderland Syndrome: somesthetic vs visual perceptual disturbance".

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Büetiger JR, Hubl D, Kupferschmid S, Schultze-Lutter F, Schimmelmann BG, Federspiel A, et al. (2020-09-11).

752:'s regulation of the vascular system. The intense cranial pain during migraines is due to the connection of the 704:

Other theories suggest the syndrome is a result of non-specific cortical dysfunction (e.g. from encephalitis,

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to demonstrate reduced cerebral perfusion in the temporal lobe in people with Alice in Wonderland syndrome.

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Symptoms in several categories, dubious claims, fluffy and lack of objective descriptions (like prognosis).

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or visual control centers of the brain may be responsible for the syndrome. For example, one study used

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The cause of Alice in Wonderland Syndrome is currently not known, but it has often been associated with

1254:"Alice in Wonderland syndrome: A rare neurological manifestation with microscopy in a 6-year-old child" 799: 410:

associated with changes in perception of vision, time, hearing, touch, or other external perceptions.

915:(rTMS). However, further research is needed to establish the effectiveness of this treatment regime. 709: 543: 81: 1631:

Farooq O, Fine EJ (December 2017). "Alice in Wonderland Syndrome: A Historical and Medical Review".

3233: 3191: 1106: 953: 720: 605: 601: 395: 3280: 1848: 1123: 1090:, the leading man, Kim Joo Won, suspects that he is suffering from Alice in Wonderland syndrome. 904: 307: 501: 2904: 2560:

American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)

2010:"Time Distortions: A Systematic Review of Cases Characteristic of Alice in Wonderland Syndrome" 1950: 1075: 1061: 807: 791: 652: 625: 621: 597: 392: 1036: 987: 888: 867: 648: 642: 345: 3186:

Writer: Lisa McMullin; Director: Daniel Wilson; Producer: Peter Leslie Wild (7 April 2020).

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had used his own migraine experiences as a source of inspiration for his famous 1865 novel

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Derealization, depersonalization, somatopsychic duality, aberration in judgement of time

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Lanska DJ, Lanska JR (2018). Bogousslavsky J (ed.). "The Alice-in-Wonderland Syndrome".

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In April 2020, a case of Alice in Wonderland syndrome was covered in an episode of the

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Aschematia: partial or total macrosomatognosia or microsomatognosia; paraschematia

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occipital region has mainly been associated with only simple visual disturbances.

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cells) in the cerebral cortex during migraine attacks can eventually activate the

3238: 2839: 2753: 1750: 1733: 1700: 563: 530:. Micropsia is an abnormal visual condition, usually occurring in the context of 488: 2397: 731:) are associated with the development of Alice in Wonderland syndrome symptoms. 522:

Within the category of Lilliputian hallucinations, people may experience either

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The Psychologist, the Monthly Publication of the British Psychological Society

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Alice in Wonderland syndrome's symptom of micropsia has also been related to

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Neurological disorder that distorts perception of objects' size and distance

3104: 2964: 2923: 2886: 2847: 2812: 2771: 2687: 2610: 2494: 2448: 2405: 2320: 2285: 2242: 2173: 2130: 2089: 2045: 1935: 1718: 1652: 1594: 1532: 1471: 1452: 1405: 1289: 1229: 908: 716: 678: 585: 572: 507: 2995: 2722: 2591: 2363: 2165: 1510: 1360:"A Not So Pleasant Fairy Tale: Investigating Alice in Wonderland Syndrome" 1341: 3069:"De Chirico and Alice in Wonderland Syndrome: When Neurology Creates Art" 1323: 970:. Carroll's diary reveals that, in 1856, he consulted William Bowman, an 559:

tone and hearing indistinguishable and strange voices, noises, or music.

384: 1436:"Alice in Wonderland Syndrome: A Clinical and Pathophysiological Review" 2626:"Alice in Wonderland syndrome: a strange visual perceptual disturbance" 2486: 1897: 774: 674: 633: 617: 373: 349: 251: 3225: 2679: 2312: 1211: 1783:

The Concise Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science

845: 811: 629: 527: 523: 476: 369: 361: 357: 288: 276: 269: 255: 229: 3046:""Eye on fiction: Heavenly and hellish - writers on hallucinogens"" 2379:"The bodily self: Insights from clinical and experimental research" 892: 803: 757: 741: 705: 589: 468: 380: 365: 321: 282: 2703:

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

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from one's own body, feelings, thoughts, and environment known as

3201: 1101: 945: 911:. Other treatments that have been explored for migraines include 480: 3120:"Understanding a Strange Phenomenon: Lilliputian Hallucinations" 1809:

Mosby's Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing & Health Professions

994:(commonly known as the fly agaric or fly amanita), in his books 592:, as well as excessive screen use in dark spaces and the use of 352:. People with this syndrome may experience distortions in their 1151: 472: 2664: 1885:""All about Alice in Wonderland Syndrome". CPD Online College" 505:(feeling that their own body or body parts are shrinking), or 3066: 1433: 1010:

In 2018 it was suggested that the Italian artist and writer

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adults may play a role in the development of this syndrome.

2298: 2102: 1251: 1247: 1245: 1243: 1241: 1239: 745: 2738:"Alice in Wonderland syndrome (AIWS): a research overview" 1781:

Craighead WE, Nemeroff CB, eds. (2004). "Hallucinations".

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Podoll K, Ebel H, Robinson D, Nicola U (August 2002). "".

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diet. Drugs that may be used to prevent migraines include

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Green R, Cohen M (1964). "Lewis Carroll Correspondence".

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The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences

990:'s description of the intoxicating effects of the fungus 567: 2105:"Alice in Wonderland syndrome: "Who in the world am I?"" 1391: 1236: 588:. Furthermore, the syndrome is commonly associated with 1152:

Longmore M, Wilkinson I, Turmezei T, Cheung CK (2007).

291:- Objects are perceived much further away than they are 2103:

Brooks JB, Prosdocimi FC, Rosa PB, Fragoso YD (2019).

764: 279:- Objects are perceived smaller than their actual size 2905:"Through the looking glass, another look at migraine" 2007: 285:- Objects are perceived nearer than they actually are 272:- Objects are perceived larger than their actual size 3215: 2151: 1980:"The Alice In Wonderland Syndrome (AIWS) - frontida" 1958: 1572: 1366:. Serendip Studio, Bryn Mawr College. Archived from 1074:

The condition is diagnosed in the season 8 episode "

2575:"Visual Perception in Migraine: A Narrative Review" 2426: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2055: 1734:"Alice in Wonderland Syndrome (AIWS). A reflection" 1685:"Alice in Wonderland syndrome: A systematic review" 1568: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1506: 1504: 1434:Mastria G, Mancini V, Viganò A, Di Piero V (2016). 2429:Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1878: 1876: 537: 2572: 1780: 719:studies, several cortical regions (including the 3252: 3150:"In the Temporal Lobes, Seizures and Creativity" 3067:Chirchiglia D, Chirchiglia P, Marotta R (2018). 2700: 2052: 1812:. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences. 2009. 1547: 1501: 2468: 2466: 1873: 1837:. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences. 1998. 1252:Weissenstein A, Luchter E, Bittmann MA (2014). 604:), and a relationship between the syndrome and 553: 3023:. London: Faber and Faber. pp. 123, 127. 2898: 2896: 2386:Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 2263: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1429: 1427: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1193: 2341: 1387: 1385: 1353: 1351: 1301: 1299: 1191: 1189: 1187: 1185: 1183: 1181: 1179: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1050:Alice in Wonderland syndrome was named after 376:may also occur for senses other than vision. 2873:[The Alice in Wonderland syndrome]. 2871:"[The Alice in Wonderland syndrome]" 2825: 2463: 2376: 2067: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1197: 913:repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation 887:Treatment methods revolving around migraine 596:. It can also be the initial symptom of the 584:intoxicants, infectious states, fevers, and 232:, a potential symptom of dysmetropsia. From 3117: 3060: 2893: 2819: 2199:. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company. 2009. 1609: 1412: 1305: 727:, and the visual pathway, specifically the 620:. Some of these infectious agents included 53:Learn how and when to remove these messages 2950: 2630:Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology 2623: 2145: 1630: 1382: 1348: 1296: 1170: 1000:A Plain and Easy Account of British Fungi. 699:single photon emission computed tomography 562:A person affected by AIWS may also lose a 447:Lilliputianism (people appearing smaller) 219: 3094: 3084: 2802: 2761: 2641: 2600: 2590: 2515: 2120: 2035: 2025: 2008:Blom JD, Nanuashvili N, Waters F (2021). 1925: 1915: 1882: 1749: 1708: 1659: 1484: 1461: 1451: 1331: 1279: 1269: 182:Learn how and when to remove this message 164:Learn how and when to remove this message 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 891:include medications and following a low- 548:depersonalization-derealization disorder 300:Tachysensia - Altered perception of time 228:The perception a person can have due to 3179: 3018: 2985: 2735: 1948: 1357: 1200:Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience 882: 356:of objects, such as appearing smaller ( 3276:Symptoms and signs of mental disorders 3271:Epstein–Barr virus–associated diseases 3253: 3147: 3043: 2902: 2573:Hadjikhani N, Vincent M (April 2021). 2518:Journal of the Royal Society of Health 1497:from the original on 6 September 2015. 1043: 1018: 821: 664: 611: 2787:"The syndrome of Alice in Wonderland" 2197:Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary 1145: 1023: 494: 462: 2791:Canadian Medical Association Journal 2784: 1682: 1487:"I Had Alice in Wonderland Syndrome" 1312:The British Journal of Ophthalmology 1154:Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine 1014:may have suffered from the syndrome. 806:tests for viral antibody detection. 120: 59: 18: 2868: 2082:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2014.04.007 1738:Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology 1645:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2017.08.008 1086:In episode ten of the Korean drama 765:Genetic and environmental influence 13: 1258:Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences 136:tone or style may not reflect the 14: 3297: 3211: 404: 34:This article has multiple issues. 3286:Alice's Adventures in Wonderland 2988:Alice's Adventures in Wonderland 2715:10.1097/00004583-198907000-00004 2624:Tunç S, Başbuğ HS (2017-10-02). 2562:. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 2011. 2377:Dieguez S, Lopez C (June 2017). 2278:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.11080177 2195:"Alice in Wonderland syndrome". 1869:from the original on 2018-01-07. 1806:"Alice in Wonderland syndrome". 1081: 1057:Alice's Adventures in Wonderland 1004: 980:Alice's Adventures in Wonderland 967:Alice's Adventures in Wonderland 960:Dr. Todd speculated that author 239:Alice's Adventures in Wonderland 146:guide to writing better articles 125: 64: 23: 3168:from the original on 2017-09-13 3141: 3111: 3037: 3012: 2979: 2944: 2933:from the original on 2013-09-21 2862: 2778: 2729: 2694: 2658: 2617: 2566: 2552: 2509: 2420: 2370: 2335: 2292: 2257: 2213: 2188: 2096: 2001: 1990:from the original on 2020-09-22 1972: 1942: 1891: 1841: 1826: 1799: 1774: 1725: 1114:(Alex Jarrett) experienced it. 918: 538:Depersonalization/derealization 42:or discuss these issues on the 3188:"Al Through the Looking Glass" 1951:"Alice in Wonderland Syndrome" 1587:10.1016/j.braindev.2017.01.004 1478: 1306:Cinbis M, Aysun S (May 1992). 870:, antivirals, or antibiotics. 364:), or appearing to be closer ( 1: 2643:10.1080/24750573.2017.1354655 2356:10.1016/s0887-8994(98)00037-x 2109:Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 1440:BioMed Research International 1139: 297:- Altered perception of shape 3266:Psychopathological syndromes 3124:German Journal of Psychiatry 2840:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31828970ae 2754:10.3934/Neuroscience.2020024 1835:Mosby's Emergency Dictionary 1751:10.1097/CJ9.0000000000000026 1701:10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000251 1689:Neurology. Clinical Practice 957:perceptions were distorted. 856: 839: 827:as it is the location where 784: 734: 554:Hearing and time distortions 330:Alice in Wonderland Syndrome 202:Alice in Wonderland Syndrome 7: 3118:Chand PK, Murthy P (2007). 2398:10.1016/j.rehab.2016.04.007 1117: 320:Before, during, or after a 84:. The specific problem is: 10: 3302: 3021:Shroom: A Cultural History 2530:10.1177/146642409311300216 1883:Woffindin L (2023-04-03). 1853:Collins English Dictionary 1525:10.1007/s13365-021-00988-8 1093: 996:The Seven Sisters of Sleep 935: 517:Lilliputian hallucinations 212:Lilliputian hallucinations 3219: 2235:10.1007/s13365-018-0645-1 2122:10.1590/0004-282x20190094 2027:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.668633 1917:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.535652 1855:. London: Collins. 2000. 1206:. S. Karger AG: 142–150. 710:posterior parietal cortex 578: 456:Type A + type B symptoms 436: 316: 306: 261: 245: 227: 218: 206: 201: 3086:10.3389/fneur.2018.00553 2986:Carroll L (2015-12-31). 2785:Todd J (November 1955). 2441:10.1136/jnnp.2009.187245 2301:Pediatrics International 2223:Journal of Neurovirology 1513:Journal of Neurovirology 1271:10.4103/1817-1745.147612 1067: 905:calcium channel blockers 721:temporoparietal junction 2903:Martin R (March 2011). 2014:Frontiers in Psychiatry 1984:SUPPORTS A HEALTHY LIFE 1904:Frontiers in Psychiatry 1575:Brain & Development 1156:. Oxford. p. 686. 1124:Charles Bonnet syndrome 3261:Neurological disorders 3073:Frontiers in Neurology 2869:Cau C (October 1999). 1062:temporal lobe epilepsy 1054:'s 19th-century novel 808:Differential diagnosis 653:Streptococcus pyogenes 626:Varicella Zoster virus 2996:10.1515/9781400874262 2912:Irish Medical Journal 2592:10.3390/vision5020020 2166:10.3233/BEN-1991-4304 2154:Behavioural Neurology 1683:Blom JD (June 2016). 988:Mordecai Cubitt Cooke 954:distorted perceptions 643:Plasmodium falciparum 426:Facultative symptoms 346:neurological disorder 2965:10.1093/nq/11-7-271e 1485:Stapinski H (2014). 1453:10.1155/2016/8243145 1324:10.1136/bjo.76.5.316 1134:Red Queen hypothesis 883:Migraine prophylaxis 649:Mycoplasma pneumonia 532:visual hallucination 423:Obligatory symptoms 91:improve this article 80:to meet Knowledge's 2736:Hossain MM (2020). 2344:Pediatric Neurology 2070:Pediatric Neurology 1633:Pediatric Neurology 1370:on November 9, 2008 1129:Cortical homunculus 1104:daytime soap opera 1045:Alice in Wonderland 1019:Society and culture 942:High Royds Hospital 822:Anatomical relation 792:have been ruled out 715:Throughout all the 665:Cerebral hypotheses 612:Infectious diseases 3154:The New York Times 3019:Letcher A (2006). 2487:10.1111/head.12688 1949:Hemsley R (2017). 1785:. Hoboken: Wiley. 1491:The New York Times 1358:Feldman C (2008). 1037:Gulliver's Travels 1025:Gulliver's Travels 1012:Giorgio de Chirico 622:Epstein–Barr virus 598:Epstein–Barr virus 594:psychoactive drugs 495:Visual distortions 463:Signs and symptoms 393:Epstein–Barr Virus 389:viral encephalitis 3248: 3247: 3148:Angier N (1993). 3044:Hanson D (2014). 3030:978-0-571-22770-9 2953:Notes and Queries 2834:(13): 1262–1264. 2742:AIMS Neuroscience 2680:10.1159/000325102 2313:10.1111/ped.14341 2307:(12): 1391–1393. 2206:978-0-8036-2325-5 1862:978-0-00-752274-3 1819:978-0-323-22205-1 1792:978-0-471-22036-7 1221:978-3-318-06088-1 1212:10.1159/000475722 1163:978-0-19-856837-7 673:techniques using 508:macrosomatognosia 502:microsomatognosia 460: 459: 372:) than they are. 354:visual perception 336:), also known as 327: 326: 210:Todd's Syndrome, 196:Medical condition 192: 191: 184: 174: 173: 166: 140:used on Knowledge 138:encyclopedic tone 119: 118: 111: 82:quality standards 73:This article may 57: 3293: 3217: 3216: 3206: 3205: 3183: 3177: 3176: 3174: 3173: 3145: 3139: 3138: 3136: 3135: 3126:. 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