Islam in the United States

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have also impacted Muslim American Lives after 9/11, with Muslims being twice as likely as any other faith group surveyed to be stopped at the border for additional screening. 67% of Muslims who were stopped at a US border also reported that they were easily identifiable as a member of their faith group. The climate of the 2016 presidential election and the policies that followed have also affected the lives and sentiments of Muslims Americans when it comes to their own safety. Muslims and Jews are, “most likely to express fear for their personal safety or that of their family from white supremacist groups as a result of the 2016 elections.” Overall, the majority of nonwhite Muslims do report some level of race-based discrimination in the past year. When it comes to religious based discrimination, Muslim Americans as a whole were the most likely faith group to report it.

724: 6465: 7103:“the negative things politicians say regarding Muslims is harmful to our country.” Breaking down the results by faith community, 78% of Muslims and non-affiliated Americans agreed, contrasted with only 45% of white Evangelicals. Most Americans oppose banning the building of mosques (79%), the surveillance of U.S. mosques (63%), and a ‘Muslim Ban’ (~63%). Most Americans also take issue with the collective blaming of Muslims for the acts of individuals, and 69% of those surveyed believe Muslims are no more responsible for violence carried out by a Muslim than anyone else. ISPU writes that, “Though at a lower rate, the majority of Americans (55%) say that most Muslims living in the United States are committed to the well-being of America.” 6148: 6049: 6385: 2501: 2621:. In his autobiography Jefferson wrote " the bill for establishing religious freedom ... was finally passed, ... a singular proposition proved that its protection of opinion was meant to be universal. Where the preamble declares that coercion is a departure from the plan of the holy author of our religion, an amendment was proposed, by inserting the word 'Jesus Christ', so that it should read 'a departure from the plan of Jesus Christ, the holy author of our religion'. The insertion was rejected by a great majority, in proof that they meant to comprehend within the mantle of its protection the Jew and the Gentile, the Christian and 6642:(AMPAC) was created in July 2012 by MD Rabbi Alam, a Bangladeshi-born American politician. This newly created organization is one of America's largest Muslim civil liberties advocacy organizations. It is headquartered in Kansas City, Missouri, with two regional offices in New York City and Madison, Wisconsin. AMPAC a bipartisan political platform for Muslim Americans to participate in political races. AMPAC presents an Islamic perspective on issues of importance to the American public, and seeks to empower the American Muslim community and encourage its social and political activism. On September 11, 2013, AMPAC organized the 7522: 7356: 2679: 2344:" policy of the North destroyed churches, farms, schools, libraries, colleges, and a great deal of other property. The libraries at the University of Alabama managed to save one book from the debris of their library buildings. On the morning of April 4, 1865, when Federal troops reached the campus with an order to destroy the university, Andre Deloffre, a modern language professor and custodian of the library, appealed to the commanding officer to spare one of the finest libraries in the South. The officer, being sympathetic, sent a courier to Gen. Croxton at his headquarters in 15659: 2462:. Some of his works include the Lords Prayer, the Bismillah, this is How You Pray, Quranic phases, the 23rd Psalm, and an autobiography. In 1857, he produced his last known writing on Surah 110 of the Quran. In 1819, Omar received an Arabic translation of the Christian Bible from his master, James Owen. Omar converted to Christianity in 1820, an episode widely used throughout the South to "prove" the benevolence of slavery. However, many scholars believe he continued to be a practicing Muslim, based on dedications to Muhammad written in his Bible. 7459: 6439: 4000: 5641: 6326: 3803: 7270: 3982: 4751: 7254: 2318: 2668: 4033:

he reviewed during a five-year period until 2001, none was "based on a scientifically-sound or explicit methodology. All can probably be characterized as guesses or assertions. Nine came from Muslim organizations such as the Islamic Society of North America, the Muslim Student Association, the Council on American-Islamic Relations, the American Muslim Council, and the Harvard Islamic Society or unspecified 'Muslim sources'. None of these sources gave any basis for their figures." In 2005, according to

4015: 4772: 38: 5733:, writer and journalist Jonathan Curiel wrote about the consequences of 9/11 on the perception of Islamic culture in America, stating that it has been difficult for some Americans to "see Arab and Muslim culture as anything other than terrorism and fundamentalism". The Islamic experience in the US is also not well known or researched among mainstream society, with Jewish scholar Lior Sternfeld stating, "Muslim-Americans were a much smaller and more marginalized community, but it's changing." 7292:, America saw an increase in the number of hate crimes committed against people who were perceived to be Muslim, particularly those of Middle Eastern and South Asian descent. More than 20 acts of discrimination and violence were documented in the post 9/11 era by the U.S. Department of Justice. Some of these acts were against Muslims living in America. Other acts were against those accused of being Muslims, such as Sikhs, and people of Arabian and South-Asian backgrounds A publication in 3016: 8185: 6527: 6310:, with only about 27% of American Muslims saying it should be accepted by society in 2007, compared to 51% of the entire US public in 2006, according to the Pew Research Center. However, this later rose to 39% in 2011 (compared to 58% of the entire US public), and eventually in 2017, rising to a majority at 52% of American Muslims approving of societal acceptance of homosexuality, on par with the approval of Protestants, although lower than the total US public approval rate of 63%. 4415: 5234: 4646: 4583: 5402: 5339: 7496:, of Puerto Rican descent and the first Hispanic-American to be imprisoned and convicted on suspicion of plotting a radiological bomb ("dirty bomb") attack. He was detained as a material witness until June 9, 2002, when President George W. Bush designated him an enemy combatant and, arguing that he was not entitled to trial in civilian courts, had him transferred to a military prison. He had converted to Islam while serving his last jail sentence in prison, and went to 5360: 2485: 5381: 5150: 4730: 5318: 3476: 4688: 6698:(IMAN) is one of the leading Muslim charity organizations in the United States. According to the Inner-City Muslim Action Network, IMAN seeks "to utilize the tremendous possibilities and opportunities that are present in the community to build a dynamic and vibrant alternative to the difficult conditions of inner city life." IMAN sees understanding Islam as part of a larger process to empower individuals and communities to work for the betterment of humanity. 19596: 5003: 5108: 4625: 4478: 6349:(ISNA) which says that 27% of mosques in U.S. are associated with it. ISNA is an association of immigrant Muslim organizations and individuals that provides a common platform for presenting Islam. It is composed mostly of immigrants. Its membership may have recently exceeded ASM, as many independent mosques throughout the United States are choosing to affiliate with it. ISNA's annual convention is the largest gathering of Muslims in the United States. 5024: 4982: 4541: 4709: 6484:(MSA) is a group dedicated, by its own description, to Islamic societies on college campuses in Canada and the United States for the good of Muslim students. The MSA is involved in providing Muslims on various campuses the opportunity to practice their religion and to ease and facilitate such activities. MSA is also involved in social activities, such as fund raisers for the homeless during Ramadan. The founders of MSA would later establish the 5192: 4856: 5297: 5171: 5087: 5066: 4919: 4562: 4520: 4499: 4457: 4436: 3892: 5444: 5465: 5045: 4961: 4940: 4835: 4604: 5423: 5486: 5276: 5255: 5129: 3652: 5213: 4667: 2749:, started the Džemijetul Hajrije (Jamaat al-Khayriyya) (The Benevolent Society; a social service organization devoted to Bosnian Muslims). This is the longest lasting incorporated Muslim community in the United States. They met in Bosnian coffeehouses and eventually opened the first Islamic Sunday School with curriculum and textbooks under Bosnian scholar Sheikh Kamil Avdich (Ćamil Avdić) (a graduate of al-Azhar and author of 4793: 6428: 4898: 4877: 4814: 30: 19585: 8171: 3463: 1894: 669: 7096:. A 2015 Brookings poll found that 14% Americans believe most Muslims support ISIS and another 44% believe Muslims partially support ISIS. Political party also plays a role in whether Americans believe Islam encourages violence. Over the years, Republicans have become more likely to state they believe Islam encourages violence more than other religions, while Democrats are more likely to say it does not. 2730:. Ross, North Dakota is the site of the first documented mosque and Muslim Cemetery, but it was abandoned and later torn down in the mid-1970s. A new mosque was built in its place in 2005. Construction of mosques sped up in the 1920s and 1930s, and by 1952, there were over 20 mosques. Although the first mosque was established in the U.S. in 1915, relatively few mosques were founded before the 1960s. 6453: 2378: 5726:

overt Islamization became more apparent only during the 21st century. Compared to some nations in Western Europe, such as France and the Netherlands, there have been relatively few controversies surrounding the hijab in everyday life, a product of "pro-religious freedom" laws allowing for a wide range of religious accommodations, and also due to greater support for multiculturalism.

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public's ignorance about Islam (13%), and stereotyping (12%). 54% believe that the U.S. government's anti-terrorism activities single out Muslims. 76% of surveyed Muslim Americans stated that they are very or somewhat concerned about the rise of Islamic extremism around the world, while 61% express a similar concern about the possibility of Islamic extremism in the United States.

5518: 3004:" were the first human inhabitant of the Western Hemisphere. In their religious texts members refer to themselves as "Asiatics", within the teachings of Noble Drew Ali, the members are taught man cannot be a Negro, Colored Folk, Black people, Ethiopians, because these names were given to slaves by slave holders in 1779 and lasted until 1865 during the time of slavery. 7572:. Along the same constitutional lines, a San Diego public elementary school is being criticized for making special accommodations, specifically for American Muslims, by adding Arabic to its curriculum and giving breaks for Muslim prayers. Some critics said exceptions have not been made for any religious group in the past, and they see this as an endorsement of Islam. 2591: 6552:(CAIR) is the United States largest Muslim civil rights and advocacy group, originally established to promote a positive image of Islam and Muslims in America. CAIR presents itself as representing mainstream, moderate Islam, and has condemned acts of terrorism and has been working in collaboration with the White House on "issues of safety and foreign policy." 3954: 6473:

adhere to the proper Islamic methodology." In order to achieve its goals, IANA uses a number of means and methods including conventions, general meetings, dawah-oriented institutions and academies, etc. IANA folded in the aftermath of the attack of September 11, 2001 and they have reorganized under various banners such as Texas Dawah and the

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22.8% unaffiliated, 1.9% Judaism, 0.7% Buddhism, and 0.7% Hinduism. A Pew Forum report on American religion found that Muslims accounted for 0.9% of American adults in 2014, up from 0.4% in 2007, due largely to immigration. Retention rates were high, at 77%, similar to Hindus (80%) and Jews (75%); most people who leave these religions become

5670:(141), with New York gaining the highest number of mosques compared to 2011 (86 additional). As part of a sampled survey, the US Mosque Survey reports that 6% of mosques self identified as Shi'ite. Pew Research Center notes that 61% of respondents to the survey "say that women have served on the board at some point in the last five years." 2149: 3767:. His movement popularized the phrase: "The Qur'an, the whole Qur'an, and nothing but the Qur'an". Although he was initially well received by many, his subsequent claims of divine inspiration caused friction between him and others, and he was assassinated in 1990. Notable Americans influenced by Rashad Khalifa include his son, 7404:

from 27 individuals in 2010 to just eight in 2011 (the total since 9/11 stands at 462). Also in apparent decline is the number of actual attacks: Of the 20 suspects indicted for terrorism, only one was charged with carrying out a terrorist act. This number is down from the six individuals charged with attacks in 2010.

3833:, who arrived in America on February 15, 1920, and between 1921 and 1925 alone they converted over 1000 people to Islam. Although at first their efforts were broadly concentrated over a large number of racial and ethnic groups, subsequent realization of the deep-seated racial tensions and discrimination made Ahmadi 7312:

walked her child to school; she was wearing a headscarf and relatives and Muslim leaders believe that the killing was religiously motivated. While 51% of American Muslims express worry that women wearing hijab will be treated poorly, 44% of American Muslim women who always wear hijab express a similar concern.

3044:. Fard drew inspiration for NOI doctrines from those of Timothy Drew's Moorish Science Temple of America. He provided three main principles which serve as the foundation of the NOI: "Allah is God, the white man is the devil and the so-called Negroes are the Asiatic Black People, the cream of the planet earth". 2369:, the Court referred to “the intense hostility of the people of Muslim faith to all other sects, and particularly to Christians". Scores of Muslim immigrants were turned away at U.S. ports in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Christian immigrants suspected of secretly being Muslims were also excluded. 8047:

The following graph contains additional data collected by ISPU during their 2018 poll. The following statements were posed to participants and they were asked to answer on a scale from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The chart below shows the total percentage from each American faith demographic

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and a public college in Minnesota have been criticized for accommodating Islamic prayer rituals by constructing footbaths for Muslim students using taxpayer money. Critics said this special accommodation, which is made to satisfy the needs of Muslims alone, is a violation of Constitutional provisions

7240:

Similarly to the broader American public, U.S. Muslims have become more accepting of homosexuality in recent years. In a 2007 poll conducted by Pew Research Center, 27% of American Muslims believed that homosexuality should be accepted. In a 2011 poll, that percentage had risen to 39%. In a July 2017

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CCN's work was recognized with honors from the Governor of Illinois and also by President Obama at the White House. In 2015 CCN was invited to participate in White House policy recommendation discussions with the US Dept of Health and Human Services Office of Faith Based and Neighborhood Partnerships.

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organizations for the first time as a result of the 2016 national elections. A 2021 study showed that Muslim Americans donated more to charity than other Americans during 2020. Most of the donations were given to causes supporting poverty relief, COVID-19 relief, civil rights, and religious research.

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teachings, which, according to adherents, is the inner, mystical dimension of Islam. The ISCA's stated aims include providing practical solutions for American Muslims, based on the traditional Islamic legal rulings of an international advisory board, many of whom are recognized as the highest ranking

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Within the Muslim community in the United States there exist a number of different traditions. As in the rest of the world, the Sunni Muslims are in the majority. Shia Muslims, especially those in the Iranian immigrant community, are also active in community affairs. All four major schools of Islamic

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Regarding mosque attendance, data shows that American Muslim women and American Muslim men attend the mosque at similar rates (45% for men and 35% for women). Additionally, when compared to the general public looking at the attendance of religious services, young Muslim Americans attend the mosque at

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in 1776. Constitutionalists promoted religious toleration while Anti-constitutionalists called for reliance on Protestant values in the formation of the state's republican government. The former group won out and inserted a clause for religious liberty in the new state constitution. American views of

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Michael A. Gomez speculated that Muslim slaves may have accounted for "thousands, if not tens of thousands", but does not offer a precise estimate. He also suggests many non-Muslim slaves were acquainted with some tenets of Islam, due to Muslim trading and proselytizing activities. Historical records

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against civilian targets in at least some circumstances, with 81% reporting that suicide bombings and other forms of violence against civilians are never justified. Favorable views towards Al Qaeda were held by a comparably smaller percentage among Muslim Americans, 2% very favorable and 3% somewhat

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A nationwide survey conducted in 2003 by the Pew Research Center and the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life reported that the percentage of Americans with an unfavorable view of Islam increased by one percentage point between 2002 and 2003 to 34%, and then by another two percentage points in 2005

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was formed 14 years ago to offer basic health screening for the uninsured population in the community. It offers health screening for obesity, hypertension, diabetes and health awareness for the indigent people. It has formed a network of 200 providers and enrolled several thousand patients. In 2014

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MPAC was founded in 1988. The mission of MPAC "encompasses promoting an American Muslim identity, fostering an effective grassroots organization, and training a future generation of men and women to share our vision. MPAC also works to promote an accurate portrayal of Islam and Muslims in mass media

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The Islamic Assembly of North America (IANA) is a leading Muslim organization in the United States. According to its website, among the goals of IANA is to "unify and coordinate the efforts of the different dawah oriented organizations in North America and guide or direct the Muslims of this land to

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According to a 2018 poll from the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding, American Muslims were as satisfied with the American trajectory as the general public, reporting at around 27%. Regarding the 45th president of the United States, Donald Trump, Muslims are the least likely to approve of

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In the United States in particular, it has been shown in a study done by the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding that Muslim Americans who regularly attend mosques are more likely to work with their neighbors to solve community problems (49 vs. 30 percent), be registered to vote (74 vs. 49

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45 percent of immigrant Muslims report annual household income levels of $ 50,000 or higher. This compares to the national average of 44 percent. Immigrant Muslims are well represented among higher-income earners, with 19 percent having annual household incomes of $ 100,000 or higher (compared to 16

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However, not all politicians were pleased with the religious neutrality of the Constitution, which prohibited any religious test. Anti-Federalists in the 1788 North Carolina ratifying convention opposed the new constitution; one reason was the fear that some day Catholics or Muslims might be elected

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Muslims' presence is affirmed in documents dated more than a century before religious liberty became the law of the land, as in a Virginia statute of 1682 which referred to "negroes, moores, molatoes, and others, born of and in heathenish, idolatrous, pagan, and Mahometan parentage and country" who

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indicated that the yearly number of cases of alleged plots by Muslim-Americans appears to be declining. The total of 20 indictments for terrorism in 2011 is down from 26 in 2010 and 47 in 2009 (the total since 9/11 is 193). The number of Muslim-Americans indicted for support of terrorism also fell,

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Between 2001 and the end of 2009, there were 46 publicly reported incidents of "domestic radicalization and recruitment to jihadist terrorism" that involved at least 125 people between 2001 and the end of 2009. There had been an average of six cases per year since 2001, but that rose to 13 in 2009.

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Although American Muslims do report feeling discriminated against as a religious minority, they are just as likely as the general public (81%) to say they value their American Identity. In fact, a 2018 study done by the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding asserts that, “a higher religious

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47% of respondents said they considered themselves Muslims first and Americans second. However, this was compared to 81% of British Muslims and 69% of German Muslims, when asked the equivalent question. A similar disparity exists in income, the percentage of American Muslims living in poverty is 2%

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A 2018 poll by The Institute for Social Policy and Understanding found that 86% of Americans report wanting to, “live in a country where no one is targeted for their religious identity.” 95% of American Jews and 78% of white Evangelicals agreed. The study also found that 66% of Americans agree that

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The Islamic Information Center (IIC) is a "grass-roots" organization that has been formed for the purpose of informing the public, mainly through the media, about the real image of Islam and Muslims. The IIC is run by chairman (Hojatul-Islam) Imam Syed Rafiq Naqvi, various committees, and supported

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The U.S. Census Bureau does not collect data on religious identification. Various institutions and organizations have given widely varying estimates about the Muslim population in the U.S. Tom W. Smith, author of "Estimating the Muslim Population in the United States", said that of twenty estimates

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region. Between 1701 and 1800, some 500,000 Africans arrived in what became the United States. Historians estimate that between 15 and 30 percent of all enslaved African men and less than 15 percent of the enslaved African women were Muslims. According to 21st century researchers Donna Meigs-Jaques

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Even 16 years after 9/11, studies show that 42% Muslim Americans report bullying of their children in school because of their faith. One in four bullying incidents involving Muslims is rerouted to have involved a teacher or other school official. Policies regarding immigration and airport security

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According to a research by the New America foundation and the American Muslim Initiative found in 2018, 56 percent of Americans believed Islam was compatible with American values and 42 percent said it was not. About 60 percent believed US Muslims were as patriotic as others, while 38 percent they

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wore the headcover. Contrary to popular beliefs about assimilation, the study found that the number of women wearing hijab was in fact higher among native-born Muslim women compared to first-generation Muslim immigrants. In the 1990s, however, hijabs were not commonly seen in the United States, as

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Hijab is commonly worn by Muslim women in the United States, and is a very distinctive cultural feature of Muslims in America. According to a Pew Research Center poll from 2011, 36% of Muslim American women reported wearing hijab whenever they were in public, with an additional 24% indicating they

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In more recent years, there has been significant conversion to Islam in the state, federal, and local prisons of the United States. According to J. Michael Waller, Muslim inmates constitute 15–20% of the prison population, or roughly 350,000 inmates in 2003. Waller states that these inmates mostly

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were brought to the United States of America. Historians estimate that between 15% to 30% of the enslaved Africans were Muslim. Most slaves who tried to maintain Islamic religious practices after their arrival were forcibly converted to Christianity. Some enslaved Muslims managed to preserve their

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When it comes to education, the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding reported in 2017 that across the board, American Muslims, Protestants, and Catholics have similar education levels. It has also been found that Muslim women (73%) are more likely than Muslim men (57%) to go on to pursue

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According to the 2010 US Religion Census, there were estimated to be 2.6 million Muslims and over 2,000 Mosques in the US. According to a Pew Forum estimate, in 2017 there were 3.45 million Muslims, constituting about 1.1% of the total U.S. population, compared with 70.6% who follow Christianity,

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to America that still reverberates today. America had already some of the lowest percentages (about 1.1% of the total US population) of Muslims among Western nations, and with the ban in 2018, many African Muslims were also barred from traveling to the U.S. or seeking refuge there. The ban had a

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were harassed, causing some Muslim women to stay at home, while others temporarily abandoned the practice. In November 2009 Amal Abusumayah, a mother of four young girls, had her hijab pulled following derogatory comments while grocery shopping. In 2006, one California woman was shot dead as she

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is a non profit organization originated in Miami Fl. From what started as two men giving away a few sandwiches eventually turned into an array of chapters all over the United States giving away thousands of packets of food, hygiene bags, clothes, and other necessities of life to those who cannot

4355:), scientists, engineers, and financial analysts, and there are also a large number of entrepreneurs. There are more than 15,000 medical doctors practicing medicine in the USA who are of Pakistani origin alone and the number of Pakistani American millionaires was reported to be in the thousands. 4236:. Areas with large Muslim populations may support a number of mosques serving different immigrant groups or varieties of belief within Sunni or Shia traditions. At present, many mosques are served by imams who immigrate from overseas, as only these imams have certificates from Muslim seminaries. 4150:

According to a 2014 religious survey, 64% of American Muslims believe religion is very important, compared to 58% of American Catholics who believe so. The frequency of receiving answers to prayers among Muslims was, 31% at least once a week and 12% once or twice a month. Nearly a quarter of the

4087:, up from 20% in 2007), 28% were black (down from 32%), 4% Hispanic (down from 7%), and 3% of mixed or other race (down from 7%). Since 2007, the black proportion had shrunk, while the white and Asian proportions had grown, mainly due to immigration as most black Muslims were native U.S. blacks. 2885:

countries, with the remaining third originating from across the entire world. Immigration to the United States post-1965 favored those deemed to have specialized educational and skills, thus impacting the socio-economic makeup of American Muslims. The United States began seeing Muslim immigrants

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employed Muslims as well as African-Americans, since they were the most inclined to work in its factories under demanding conditions. By the 1930s and 1940s, Muslims in the US built mosques for their communal religious observance. As of the early 21st century, the number of Muslims in the United

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In a 2007 survey, 53% of American Muslims reported that it was more difficult to be a Muslim after the 9/11 attacks. Asked to name the most important problem facing them, the options named by more than ten percent of American Muslims were discrimination (19%), being viewed as a terrorist (15%),

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Charitable donations within the Muslim American community are impacted by domestic political and social climates. ISPU found in 2017 that, “23% of Muslim Americans increased their giving to organizations associated with their faith community and 18% joined, donated to, or volunteered at a civic

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Since the arrival of South Asian and Arab communities during the 1990s there has been divisions with the African Americans due to the racial and cultural differences; however, since September 11, 2001, the two groups joined when the immigrant communities looked towards the African Americans for

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The July 2005 Pew survey also showed that 59% of American adults view Islam as "very different from their religion," down one percentage point from 2003. In the same survey 55% had a favorable opinion of Muslim Americans, up four percentage points from 51% in July 2003. A December 2004 Cornell

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Worldwide, an international relief and development organization. Its stated goal is "to alleviate the suffering, hunger, illiteracy and diseases worldwide without regard to color, race or creed." They focus on development projects; emergency relief projects, such as providing aid to victims of

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make up roughly one in seven of all American Muslims, at 15%. Non-denominational Muslims, do not have any specific affiliation with a religious body and usually describe themselves as being "just a Muslim". Muslims who were born in the US are more likely to be non-denominational than immigrant

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The same poll also reported that 40% of U.S. Muslims believe that Arab Muslims carried out the 9/11 attacks. Another 28% do not believe it and 32% said they had no opinion. Among the 28% who doubted that Arab Muslims were behind the conspiracy, one-fourth said the U.S. government or President

6792:, with offices in Dearborn, MI and Washington, DC, is an independent, nonpartisan research organization specializing in addressing the most pressing challenges facing the American Muslim community and in bridging the information gap between the American Muslim community and the wider society. 7227:

was responsible. 26% of American Muslims believe the U.S.-led "war on terror" is a sincere effort to root out international terrorism. 5% of those surveyed had a "very favorable" or "somewhat favorable" view of Al-Qaeda. 35% of American Muslims stated that the decision for military action in

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Muslim Congress is another national Muslim organization. It is primarily a social welfare organization that runs many social projects, including food distribution to the homeless in their "No More Hunger" project. It also provides scholarships. It is under the leadership of Islamic scholars.

6143:

According to the report belongs to a Boston-based organization that works to increase American Muslim education and civic engagement, "at least 145 American Muslims, virtually all of them Democrats, ran for state or national public office in 2018. Of these, 110 were first-time candidates who

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Approximately 2.78 million people immigrated to the United States from countries with significant Muslim populations between 1966 and 1997, with some estimating 1.1 million people of that population being Muslims. One-third of those immigrants originated from North Africa or the Middle East,

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set out "to measure the level of public anti-Muslim sentiment" in the United States. The following graph shows data across six different faith populations in the United States, and their answers to the two questions below ("W. Evang." is short for White Evangelical, the specific demographic

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She is now the first female South Asian mayor of a New Jersey municipality and the first female Muslim mayor in the state. She is also believed to be the first female Muslim mayor, female Pakistani-American mayor and first female South Asian-American mayor first in the nation, according to

7541:, which it defined as "an exaggerated fear, hatred, and hostility toward Islam and Muslims that is perpetuated by negative stereotypes resulting in bias, discrimination, and the marginalization and exclusion of Muslims from social, political, and civic life." Another 2011 poll provided by 6686:

In addition to the organizations listed above, other Muslim organizations in the United States serve more specific needs. For example, some organizations focus almost exclusively on charity work. As a response to a crackdown on Muslim charity organizations working overseas such as the

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stated that he "did not disapprove" of a meeting place in Pennsylvania that was designed to accommodate preachers of all religions. Franklin wrote that "even if the Mufti of Constantinople were to send a missionary to preach Mohammedanism to us, he would find a pulpit at his service".

5862:- is an American professional wrestler, currently performing for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) and New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) on per-appearance deals, as well as on the independent circuit, the former in which he is the current TNA X Division Champion in his first reign. 4383:

percent for the Muslim population as a whole and 17 percent for the U.S. average). This is likely due to the strong concentration of Muslims in professional, managerial, and technical fields, especially in information technology, education, medicine, law, and the corporate world.

4177:. It caters mainly to the Shia Muslim congregation; however, all Muslims may attend this mosque. It was rebuilt in 2005 to accommodate over 3,000 people for the increasing Muslim population in the region. More than half (55%) of the religious affiliations of Muslims is Sunni, 16% 3555:(born Clarence Edward Smith and later known as "Allah the Father"). Clarence 13X, a former student of Malcolm X, left the Nation of Islam after a theological dispute with the Nation's leaders over the nature and identity of God. Specifically, Clarence 13X denied that the Nation's 7351:

against civilian targets in at least some circumstances, on the other hand, 11% said it could be "rarely justified" in a 2007 Pew poll. Among those over the age of 30, just 6% expressed their support for the same. (9% of Muslims over 30 and 5% under 30 chose not to answer).

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in 1995 and was followed later by another one in 2000 which was smaller in size but more inclusive, welcoming individuals other than just African-American men. The group sponsors cultural and academic education, economic independence, and personal and social responsibility.

2710:, came with the purpose of making money and returning to their homeland. However, the economic hardships of 19th-century America prevented them from prospering, and as a result the immigrants settled in the United States permanently. These immigrants settled primarily in 6741:

is a nonprofit organization, founded in 2004, which aims to unite Muslim health professionals and provide information on health. They also provide information on mental health. Another of their goals is to connect Muslim Americans to affordable insurance and free health

6591:". Their official Statement of Principles states that "Muslims have been profoundly influenced by their encounter with America. American Muslims are a minority group, consisting largely of immigrants and children of immigrants, who have prospered in America's climate of 2641:

Let us remember that we form a government for millions not yet in existence ... In the course of four or five hundred years, I do not know how it will work. This is most certain, that Papists may occupy that chair, and Mahometans may take it. I see nothing against

8431: 5808:- is an American former professional basketball player who played 20 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Milwaukee Bucks and Los Angeles Lakers. During his career as a center, Abdul-Jabbar was a record six-time NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP). 6403:-wide, grass-roots organization. It is composed mostly of immigrants and the children of immigrants. It is growing as various independent mosques throughout the United States join and also may be larger than ASM at the present moment. Its youth division is 2650:, and used that in political arguments. For example, the anti-Federalists compared a strong central government to the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and the American army to Turkish Janissaries, arguing against a strong central government. On the other hand, 7337:

poll reported support for extremism among Muslim Americans is negligible. The poll indicated all segments of the Muslim American population were opposed to violence and to a correlation between support for suicide bombing and religiosity measures. A 2007

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were not.The study also found that a big majority of Americans - 74 percent - accepted there was "a lot" of bigotry against Muslims existed. Researchers also found that Republicans were more likely to hold negative perceptions of Muslims with 71 percent.

5844:- is an American professional boxer. The grandson of Muhammad Ali, Walsh came into the ring for his pro debut in August 2021 wearing his grandfather's personal white Everlast shorts, which were passed down to him in 2016 with the death of his grandfather. 5838:- is an American professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder for Serie A club AC Milan and the United States national team. Considered as one of the best young players in the world, he is known for his technical ability, movement, and strength. 2444:. Suleiman was brought to America in 1731 and returned to Africa in 1734. Like many Muslim slaves, he often encountered impediments when attempting to perform religious rituals and was eventually allotted a private location for prayer by his master. 14388: 2405:

It is estimated that over 50% of the slaves imported to North America came from areas where Islam was followed by at least a minority population. Thus, no less than 200,000 came from regions influenced by Islam. Substantial numbers originated from

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Previously, in 2011, the number of mosques in the United States was 2,106. At the time, the six states with the highest numbers of mosques were: New York (257), California (246), Texas (166), Florida (118), Illinois (109), and New Jersey (109).

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survey found that Muslims were the most disliked religious group in the United States with an average "cold" rating of 40 (out of 100), which is lower than the 41 cold ratings received by atheists. According to a poll in November 2015 by the

6632:. It was co-founded by Muhammad Ali Hasan and his mother Seeme, who were prominent donors to the Republican Party. In 2010, co-founder Muhammad Ali Hasan left the Republican Party. Muslims for Bush has since been reformed into the bipartisan 5826:- is an American football running back for the Las Vegas Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Detroit Lions in the second round of the 2015 NFL draft. He played college football for the Nebraska Cornhuskers. 2996:

who inhabited the Northwestern and Southwestern shores of Africa. The organization also believes that their descendants after being conquered in Spain are slaves who were captured and held in slavery from 1779 to 1865 by their slaveholders.

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is considered by historians to be the earliest prominent Anglo-American convert to Islam in 1888. In 1893, he was the sole representative of Islam at the first Parliament of the World's Religions. The Russian-born Muslim scholar and writer

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poll, Muslims who say homosexuality should be accepted by society outnumber those who say it should be discouraged (52% of respondents, versus 33%), a level of acceptance similar to U.S. Protestants (52% in 2016). According to research by

6424:

Islamic scholars in the world. ISCA strives to integrate traditional scholarship in resolving contemporary issues affecting the maintenance of Islamic beliefs in a modern, secular society. It has been linked to neoconservative thought.

6503:(SMF) works to support civic rights of American Shia Muslims, and to advocate on social and political issues. SMF is noted for working with both Shia community leaders and Shia Islamic scholars and clergy in accomplishing its work. 4042:

According to CAIR, no scientific count of Muslims in the U.S. has been done and the larger figures should be considered accurate. Some journalists have also alleged that the higher numbers have been inflated for political purposes.

6371:(1930–1975). The majority of its members are African Americans. This has been a 23-year process of religious reorientation and organizational decentralization, in the course of which the group was known by other names, such as the 1958:

in its 2017 US Religion census estimated that 1.1% (or 3,450,000) of the population of the United States are Muslim. In 2017, twenty states, mostly in the South and Midwest, reported Islam to be the largest non-Christian religion.

2001:

movement of the 20th century would later influence the revival of Islam among descendants of slaves. Prior to the late 19th century, the vast majority of documented Muslims in North America were merchants, travelers, and sailors.

2173: 8886: 8423: 5802:- was an American professional boxer and activist. Nicknamed "the Greatest", he is regarded as one of the most significant sports figures of the 20th century and is often regarded as the greatest heavyweight boxer of all time. 15780: 7407:

Muslim Americans are significantly represented among those who tip authorities off to alleged plots having given 52 of the 140 documented tips regarding individuals involved in violent terrorist plots since 9/11 up to 2012.

2981:, advocating the return to Islam of their Moorish ancestry. The founder stated that the organization practiced the "Old Time Religion" of Islamism, but he also drew inspiration from Mohammedanism, Buddhism, Christianity, 10921:"Statement of J. Michael Waller, Annenberg Professor of International Communication, Institute of World Politics, Before the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Technology and Homeland Security, Senate Committee on the Judiciary" 7443:

authority has threatened to revoke the operating authority of any driver caught discriminating in this manner. There are reported incidents in which Muslim cashiers have refused to sell pork products to their clientele.

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come into prison as non-Muslims. He also says that 80% of the prisoners who "find faith" while in prison convert to Islam. These converted inmates are mostly African American, with a small but growing Hispanic minority.

7623:, rights advocates and immigration experts, however, say the policy continues to have a lingering effect on Muslim citizens, as well as on their family members living abroad, unable to join their loved ones in America. 2838:

1935: The statue of Mohammed was drawn on the north wall of the US Supreme Court building in 1935. Also, statues of Charlemagne and Justinian as one of eighteen great law givers of history are seen around the statue of

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asking permission to save the Rotunda, but the general refused to allow this. The officer reportedly said, "I will save one volume as a memento of this occasion." The volume selected was a rare copy of the Qur'an.

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Muslims in the United States have increasingly made their own culture; there are various Muslim comedy groups, rap groups, Scout troops and magazines, and Muslims have been vocal in other forms of media as well.

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Some people think that for an individual or a small group of people to target and kill civilians is sometimes justified, while others think that this kind of violence is never justified. Which is your opinion?

4342:

Among South Asians in the country, the large Pakistani American community stands out as particularly well educated and prosperous, with education and income levels exceeding those of U.S.-born whites. Many are

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The United Nation of Islam (UNOI) is a group based in Kansas City, Kansas. It was founded circa 1978 by Royall Jenkins, who continues to be the leader of the group and styles himself "Royall, Allah in Person".

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Islamic scholars in the world. ISCA aims to integrate traditional scholarship in resolving contemporary issues affecting the maintenance of Islamic beliefs in a modern, secular society. It has been linked to

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In the section "Subgroups of American Muslims", the same research institute suggests 55% are Sunni "According to the Pew Research Center, approximately 55% of Muslims in the United States are Sunni Muslims".

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released information about violent extremist groups in the US. While the Boston Marathon bombing had a high injury toll, only four deaths were counted by the group, and the group's count of only deaths from

2039:, "American Muslims are the only faith community surveyed with no majority race, with 26 percent white, 18 percent Asian, 18 percent Arab, 9 percent black, 7 percent mixed race, and 5 percent Hispanic". The 7398:

While the seeming increase in cases may be alarming, half "involve single individuals, while the rest represent ‘tiny conspiracies,’ " according to Congressional testimony. Furthermore, a 2012 study by the

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was elected as the first state legislature. In the Illinois 51st district, she defeated the a republican incumbent. She is also one of the very few Muslim women and youngest political figures at the age of

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is a community outreach project of ICNA; it seeks to provide accurate information about Islam while debunking popular stereotypes and common misconceptions through various services and outreach activities.

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received 69% of the Muslim vote, whereas Republican candidate Donald Trump received 17% (an increase from 13% in 2016) (excluding those who refused to answer, it would be 78% for Biden and 19% for Trump).

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More than two decades after a controversial imam was found stabbed to death inside his Tucson mosque, an Arizona jury has found former Calgarian Glen Cusford Francis guilty of first-degree murder in the

6639: 2450:(c. 1770–1864) is among the best documented examples of a practicing-Muslim slave. He lived on a 19th Century North Carolina plantation and wrote many Arabic texts while enslaved. Born in the kingdom of 13582: 8920: 6580:

and popular culture, educating the American public (both Muslim and non-Muslim) about Islam, building alliances with diverse communities and cultivating relationships with opinion- and decision-makers."

15760: 3845:. Officially incorporated in Illinois in 1948 as the Ahmadiyya Movement In Islam, Inc. and commonly referred to as the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community since 2006(?). Many Ahmadi Muslims fled countries like 2240:, Muhammad and the eighty Muslim men under his leadership protected their master's Sapelo Island property from a British attack. He is known to have fasted during the month of Ramadan, worn a fez and 13150: 3597:. Mohammed rejected many teachings of his father, such as the divinity of Fard Muhammad, and saw a white person as also a worshiper. As he took control of the organization, he quickly brought in new 2654:

argued that despotism in the Middle East was the result of the Sultan not having enough power to protect his people from oppressive local governors; thus he argued for a stronger central government.

2310:

in the United States Army and rose to the rank of sergeant. He was later granted a transfer to a military hospital, where he gained some knowledge of medicine. His Army records state that he died in

2114:, was shipwrecked near what is now Galveston, Texas. He and three Spanish survivors subsequently traveled through much of the American southwest and the Mexican interior before reaching Mexico City. 10676: 15785: 14275: 12397: 11868: 6595:

and civil rights. The lessons of our unprecedented experience of acceptance and success must be carefully considered by our community." The AIC holds an annual essay writing competition, the

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opt to keep eighty-five percent of the world in ignorance and under their controlling thumb; the remaining five percent are those who know the truth and are determined to enlighten the rest.

14468: 11496: 9434: 11965: 5820:- is a Palestinian-American former American football offensive guard. He played college football at Virginia and was selected by the New York Jets in the fifth round of the 2013 NFL Draft. 5650:

In 2020, the US Mosque Survey identified 2,796 Islamic places of worship in the United States, a "31% increase from the 2010 count." The U.S. states with the highest number of mosques were

14153: 10448: 15765: 6773:(MWC) is one of the leading Muslim arts and culture organizations in the United States, founded in 2014 in New York City, and holding monthly open mics across the country. According to a 11845: 3965: 11251: 7215:

Politically, American Muslims both supported larger government and are socially conservative. Despite their social conservatism, 71% of American Muslims expressed a preference for the

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percent), and plan to vote (92 vs. 81 percent). The study also states that “there is no correlation between Muslim attitudes toward violence and their frequency of mosque attendance.”

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American Muslim political engagement is increasing, as 75% of American Muslims surveyed by ISPU reported being registered to vote, an increase of 15% from 2016 data. In January 2019,

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Some people think that for the military to target and kill civilians is sometimes justified, while others think that this kind of violence is never justified. Which is your opinion?

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found Muslim Americans to be "largely integrated, happy with their lives, and moderate with respect to many of the issues that have divided Muslims and Westerners around the world."

7219:. The Pew Research survey also showed that nearly three quarters of respondents believed that American society rewards them for hard work regardless of their religious background. 13481: 7300:

reported an increase in anti-Muslim hate crimes ranging from discrimination and destruction of private property to violent threats and assaults, some of which resulted in deaths.

5892:- is an American former professional basketball player who had a journeyman career in the National Basketball Association (NBA), playing for eight different teams over 18 seasons. 2835:

a notable Muslim veteran would teach the Quran, Abdullah Igram later wrote a letter to President Eisenhower persuading him to add the M option (for Muslims) on military dog tags.

15715: 11759: 9272: 3067:, who, while initially rejected, was accepted into the group shortly after his first world heavyweight championship victory. Both Malcolm X and Ali later became Sunni Muslims. 14512: 10518: 6779:

magazine article published in 2016, "At a time when Islamophobia has reached new virulent and violent heights, MWC provides a space for young Muslims to honor their humanity."

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Current estimates show that there are 270 full-time Islamic schools that enrol between 26,000 and 35,500 students in the United States. Islamic k-12 schools typically teach

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In the first half of 2024, anti-Muslim incidents rose about 70% amid Gaza attack. According to a 2011 Gallup poll, over the preceding decade, there had been an increase in

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Muslims are converts to Islam (23%), mainly native-born. Of the total who have converted, 59% are African American and 34% white. Previous religions of those converted was

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Members of the group call themselves Allah's Five Percenters, which reflects the concept that ten percent of the people in the world know the truth of existence, and those

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during 1803. While enslaved, he became the religious leader and Imam for a slave community numbering approximately eighty Muslim men residing on his plantation. During the

15242: 13456: 11556: 11313: 14429: 13656: 13394: 11378: 10924: 9074: 3539:

The Five-Percent Nation, sometimes referred to as NGE or NOGE, the Nation of Gods and Earths, or the Five Percenters, is an American organization founded in 1964 in the

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to 36%. At the same time the percentage responding that Islam was more likely than other religion to encourage violence fell from 44% in July 2003 to 36% in July 2005.

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communities. Others enrol students from diverse backgrounds and ethnicities. Specific subject that are taught include Arabic, Qur’an, and Islamic studies along with

1955: 14585: 12810: 11015: 19335: 15998: 15813: 15803: 13574: 8667: 8646: 7612: 6611: 5686:

study found that women attendance at American mosques increased from 2011 to 2020, as did women participation in mosque administration, including positions on the

2989:. Its significant divergences from mainstream Islam make its classification as an Islamic denomination a matter of debate among Muslims and scholars of religion. 2617:

defended religious freedom in America, including those of Muslims. Jefferson explicitly mentioned Muslims when writing about the movement for religious freedom in

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stated a willingness to hire "Mahometans", as well as people of any nation or religion, to work on his private estate at Mount Vernon if they were "good workmen".

11579: 11518: 2024:—nearly 96,000—than there had been in any other year in the previous two decades. In 2009, more than 115,000 Muslims became legal residents of the United States. 19217: 15941: 13608: 10099: 4134:

said that they often had been mistaken as of being of Pakistani or Middle Eastern descent, due to their religion. Many Hispanic converts were former Christians.

11219: 8912: 7591:, saying that Bush was exploiting the aftermath of 9/11 for political gain, as Hitler had exploited the Reichstag fire to suspend constitutional liberties. The 2500: 18585: 15334: 14301: 14044: 13984: 12062: 10963:

United States Senate, Committee on the Judiciary, Testimony of Mr. Paul Rogers, President of the American Correctional Chaplains Association, October 12, 2003

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toured major American cities preaching Islam; he attracted large audiences though not as many converts. More successful in converting Americans to Islam was

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It was estimated that there were at least 20,000 members in 2006. However, today the group has a wide influence in the African-American community. The first

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Etengoff, C. & Daiute, C., (2013). Sunni-Muslim American Religious Development during Emerging Adulthood, Journal of Adolescent Research, 28(6), 690–714

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indicate that at least a few likely Muslims fought on the American side. Among the recorded names of American soldiers are "Yusuf ben Ali" (a member of the

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indicate many enslaved Muslims conversed in the Arabic language. Some even composed literature (such as autobiographies) and commentaries on the Quran.

11163: 6724: 2306:(born 1836), formerly enslaved to an Arab master, came to the United States in 1860 and found a teaching job in Detroit. In 1863, Said enlisted in the 1994: 15327: 14267: 14077: 12662: 12401: 11872: 11196: 8524: 3059:

of God, and taught that he was a prophet who had been taught directly by God in the form of Fard. Two of the most famous people to join the NOI were

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condemned Ellison's remarks. The congressman later retracted the statement, saying that it was "inappropriate" for him to have made the comparison.

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representing roughly 16% of the American Muslim population. The remainder identify with neither group, including some who consider themselves to be

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and terrorism" and to strengthen secular democratic institutions in the Middle East and the Muslim World by supporting Islamic reformation efforts.

5814:- is an American professional mixed martial artist who currently competes in the Welterweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). 2832: 14988: 14561: 13528: 12625: 11976: 8397: 2877:

into law. The act abolished former immigration quotas, and expanded immigration opportunities from countries with significant Muslim populations.

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Pew surveys conducted in 2014, 2017, and 2019 continued this trend showing Americans had the least favorable views toward Muslims and Atheists.

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A 2016 poll found that on average; Americans believed that 17% of the US population was Muslim and that this number would rise to 23% by 2020.

4039:, more people from Muslim countries became legal permanent United States residents—nearly 96,000—than in any year in the previous two decades. 2089:

religious practices. In the mid-seventeenth century, Ottoman Muslims are documented to have immigrated with other European immigrants, such as

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Queen, Edward L., Stephen Prothero and Gardiner H. Shattuck Jr. 1996. The Encyclopedia of American Religious History. New York: Facts on File.

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The Nation of Islam has received a great deal of criticism for its anti-white, anti-Christian, and anti-semitic teachings, and is listed as a

16837: 15855: 13777: 9929: 7958: 6789: 6375:, W.Deen Mohammed guided its members to the practice of mainstream Islam such as salat or fasting, and teaching the basic creed of Islam the 2036: 802: 11455: 11338: 10680: 15400: 15308: 15042: 12988: 10329: 9217: 7440: 2283:

Estimates ranging from a dozen to two hundred and ninety-two Muslims served in the Union military during the American Civil War, including

10392: 8621: 7439:. Muslim cab drivers in Minneapolis, Minnesota have been criticized for refusing passengers for carrying alcoholic beverages or dogs. The 7110:

A 2021 Pew study found that 78% of Americans believe Muslims face discrimination, which was a higher percentage than for other religions.

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was the state home to the highest absolute number of Muslims, by a significant margin, at over 724,000. By percentages of the population,

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There are some mosquegoers who adhere to sects and denominations that form very small minorities. Examples of such small branches include

19232: 16008: 15976: 15906: 15055: 14906: 13875:

Oswald, Debra L. (2005). "Understanding Anti-Arab Reactions Post-9/11: The Role of Threats, Social Categories, and Personal Ideologies".

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Protestantism. By race, in 2014, 38% were non-Hispanic white (including Arabs and Iranians, up from 32% in 2007), 28% were Asian (mostly

3637:, who broke away from the organization, re-established the Nation of Islam under the original Fardian doctrines, and remains its leader. 3221: 1825: 14856: 14253: 13477: 11137: 7296:

found evidence that the number of anti-Muslim attacks in America in 2001 increased from 354 to 1,501 following 9/11. The same year, the

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and R. Kevin Jaques, "hese enslaved Muslims stood out from their compatriots because of their resistance, determination and education."

15012: 12761: 12463: 12348: 10946: 8985: 4090:

On the other hand, according to data from the General Social Survey in the United States "32% of those raised Muslim no longer embrace

2164: 1922: 13680: 13422: 13234: 11763: 10632: 10351: 8943: 19306: 19222: 17149: 15790: 15623: 11120: 10653: 9276: 8218: 6549: 6091: 3504: 1476: 16026: 13895: 13861: 13745: 12031: 11940: 11419: 19323: 16266: 15926: 15880: 15848: 15468: 15450: 15123: 14350: 14027: 14008: 13958: 12598: 11696: 9877: 6728:

afford it. The motto of Project Downtown is "We feed you for the sake of God alone, no reward do we seek, nor thanks." (Quran 76:9)

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and conversion to Sunni Islam. He is viewed as the first person to start the movement among African-Americans towards Sunni Islam.

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1893: Alexander Russell Webb starts the first Islamic Mission in the United States called the American Muslim Propagation Movement.

13260: 13196:'Million Muslim March' Shaping Up To Be More Like A Few Hundred People Walking Down The Street: Kevin Barrett at the March Leading 12962: 11066: 10415: 7435:

Some Muslim Americans have been criticized because of perceived conflicts between their religious beliefs and mainstream American

19286: 19207: 16150: 16125: 15993: 13453: 12269: 11548: 9829: 9741: 9354: 8238: 7592: 7453: 6752: 2978: 2874: 2014: 442: 14196: 13025: 10005: 9332: 8298: 6086:

got 67% to 90% of the Muslim vote depending on region. In total, Obama won 89% of the Muslim vote, with his Republican opponent

723: 19635: 19227: 18117: 16355: 15966: 15946: 15936: 15901: 14798:

Chicago Muslims and the Transformation of American Islam: Immigrants, African Americans, and the Building of the American Ummah

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A group of immigrants, most wearing fezzes, surrounding a large vessel which is decorated with the star and crescent symbol of

2602: 15068: 14977: 14620: 14491:"How Americans Feel About Religious Groups: Jews, Catholics & Evangelicals Rated Warmly, Atheists and Muslims More Coldly" 13390: 8048:

that agreed with the statements below. (Note: "W. Evang." is short for White Evangelical, the specific demographic surveyed.)

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States is estimated at 3.5 to 4.5 million, and Islam is predicted to eventually become the second-largest religion in the US.

964: 19237: 19194: 17308: 16271: 15921: 15232: 14787: 14765: 14746: 12297: 12084: 10990: 10603: 10549: 10224: 10072: 9772: 9584: 9559: 8806: 8781: 2459: 1997:. Nearly all enslaved Muslims and their descendants converted to Christianity during the 18th and 19th centuries, though the 1983: 1845: 787: 329: 15034: 14953: 11016:"Tom W. Smith, Estimating the Muslim Population in the United States, New York, The American Jewish Committee, October 2001" 10715: 9959: 7212:

higher than the general population, compared to an 18% disparity for French Muslims and 29% difference for Spanish Muslims.

2013:. The Muslim population of the U.S. increased dramatically in the second half of the 20th century due to the passage of the 42:

Estimated proportion of Muslim Americans in each U.S. state and the District of Columbia as of the 2020 U.S. Religion Census

16242: 16041: 15971: 15956: 15184: 13505: 13211: 12139: 11666: 10984:"Special Report: A Review of the Federal Bureau of Prisons' Selection of Muslim Religious Services Providers – Full Report" 9213: 8223: 7293: 6760: 6738: 6464: 6124:

him across all faith groups including non affiliated Americans. This compares to, "17% of non-affiliated Americans, 31% of

4127: 2484: 2307: 2017:, which abolished previous immigration quotas. About 72 percent of American Muslims are immigrants or "second generation". 1795: 15083: 9757:

Charles D. Russell, "Islam as a Danger to Republican Virtue: Broadening Religious Liberty in Revolutionary Pennsylvania",

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represent an unprecedented rise for a diverse Muslim community that is typically underrepresented in American politics.".

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In many areas, a mosque may be dominated by whatever group of immigrants is the largest. Sometimes the Friday sermons, or

3608:

W. D. Mohammed introduced teachings which were based on orthodox Sunni Islam. He removed the chairs in the organization's

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Malcolm X was one of the most influential leaders of the NOI and, in accordance with NOI doctrine, advocated the complete

2535:

writings from Europe, as well as Europeans who had long warned that Islam was a threat to Christianity and republicanism.

2526:

Views of Islam in America affected debates regarding freedom of religion during the drafting of the state constitution of

2329:

A Greek/Syrian convert to Islam, Phillip Tedro (a name he reverted to later in life), born in Smyrna, who renamed himself

19620: 17292: 16534: 16527: 16465: 16254: 16140: 15981: 15700: 15303: 15116: 12059:"Muslim Americans: No Signs of Growth in Alienation or Support for Extremism; Section 2: Religious Beliefs and Practices" 11019: 8643: 7564: 7092:

poll found that 56% of Protestants, 63% of Catholics, and 70% of Jews believed that American Muslims had no sympathy for

4072: 3985: 3886: 3087: 2314:, in 1882. Another Muslim soldier from the Civil War was Max Hassan, an African who worked for the military as a porter. 2021: 14897: 12688: 12644: 9102: 8663: 8498: 6991:

University survey shows that 47% of Americans believe that the Islamic religion is more likely than others to encourage

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in 1856 to tend camels in Arizona and California. He would later become a prospector in Arizona. Hajj Ali died in 1903.

2110:

One of the earliest accounts of Islam's possible presence in North America dates to 1528, when a Moroccan slave, called

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An estimated 20 percent of enslaved Africans were Muslims, and many sought to recreate the communities they had known.

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with 19% of mosques, mostly African-Americans having an affiliation with it. It was the successor organization to the

5624:

and contains a neighborhood with the same name, with an Arab American population estimated as high as 20,000 in 2015.

3711:

and East Africa; Shiites in the United States also make up about 16 percent of the country's total Muslim population.

2425:

were converted to Islam, while as many as a third were sold into slavery to the Americas through capture in conflict.

2248:, in addition to consistently performing the five obligatory prayers. In 1829, Bilali authored a thirteen-page Arabic 2097:, and Syria settled in modern-day Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, Iowa, North Dakota and South Dakota. During that era, the 19089: 19043: 18703: 18697: 17221: 16093: 16036: 15988: 15911: 15871: 14297: 13980: 13935: 12445: 11589: 10196: 9496: 9196: 9051: 9018: 8953: 8747: 7516: 2962: 2956: 1947: 1291: 507: 15060: 14048: 12807: 12058: 10031: 5832:- is an American professional basketball player for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA). 4244:

The household income levels of American Muslims are about as evenly distributed as the general American population.

2005:

From the 1880s to 1914, several thousand Muslims immigrated to the United States from the former territories of the

18960: 18816: 18293: 18189: 16172: 16130: 16115: 15931: 15199: 15163: 13021: 7216: 6695: 6485: 6346: 6014: 5522: 3234: 2093:

a merchant of mixed origin from Morocco. Immigration drastically increased from 1878 to 1924 when Muslims from the

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of any race, and 3% are other. Around that time increasing numbers of American Hispanics converted to Islam. Many

3961:(2009), the largest ethnic groups of American Muslims are those of South Asian, Arab and African-American descent. 19630: 19454: 19260: 16182: 16120: 15543: 15168: 15158: 14968: 14490: 12311: 11815: 10116: 8584: 8548:"A Nation Challenged: American Muslims – Islam Attracts Converts By the Thousand, Drawn Before and After Attacks" 7380: 6489: 6481: 6396: 5942: 5853: 5582: 3760: 1546: 1391: 699: 17: 14754:

American Christians and Islam – Evangelical Culture and Muslims from the Colonial Period to the Age of Terrorism

14582: 13173: 12783: 12423: 10887:"A NATION CHALLENGED: AMERICAN MUSLIMS; Islam Attracts Converts By the Thousand, Drawn Before and After Attacks" 8618:"Migration Information Source – The People Perceived as a Threat to Security: Arab Americans Since September 11" 7560:

56 percent of Americans believe that the values of Islam are at odds with the American values and ways of life.

6540:

Muslim political organizations lobby on behalf of various Muslim political interests. Organizations such as the

6112:

In a 2017 Survey done by the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding, only 15% of American Muslims wanted

2436:(prayers). Some were provided a private praying area by their owner. The two best documented Muslim slaves were 19519: 19067: 18965: 16227: 16202: 16083: 16003: 15896: 15613: 13362: 8208: 7477:

and carrying weapons against American soldiers. He had converted to Islam while in the United States, moved to

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mosques as well. There are 2,769 mosques in the United States as of 2020, and the nation's largest mosque, the

3797: 1915: 1466: 644: 12827: 12521: 9157: 9131: 7563:

Public institutions in the U.S. have also drawn fire for accommodating Islam at the expense of taxpayers. The

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showed that since 9/11, 48 people had been killed by anti-government extremists, compared to 28 by Jihadists.

6147: 18877: 18636: 18313: 17744: 16063: 16031: 16018: 14951:

Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance: How many Muslims are there in the U.S. and the rest of the world?

14107: 13147:""Million Muslim March" Attendees Confronted by Christian Protesters on National Mall | NBC4 Washington" 12851: 11159: 10145:

The Holy Koran of the Moorish Science Temple of America Chapter XXV – "A Holy Covenant of the Asiatic Nation"

6568: 3497: 3079: 1939: 1820: 378: 10163: 4185:

descent are mostly Sunni (56%) with minorities who are Shia (19%). Muslims of South Asian descent including

19439: 19416: 19026: 18882: 18872: 18778: 18431: 17814: 16135: 16068: 15961: 15633: 15478: 15443: 14832: 14724:(Cambridge University Press; 2010) 416 pp; chronicles the Muslim presence in America across five centuries. 9734: 7416: 7400: 7262: 6151: 3559:

founder Wallace Fard Muhammad was Allah and instead taught that the Black man was himself God personified.

3349: 2974: 1979: 1951: 1486: 1326: 410: 11186: 2798:

missionary, he later purchased a building in south Chicago and converted it to what is today known as the

2583:, declaring the United States had no "character of enmity against the laws, religion, or tranquillity, of 19541: 19406: 19212: 18980: 18773: 18150: 18080: 18055: 17851: 16207: 15705: 13291: 13124: 10355: 6662: 6442: 6353: 6191: 6048: 5585:, was estimated to have become home to 25,000 to 30,000 Muslims as of 2011. The Muslim population in the 3602: 3522: 3377: 2923: 2032: 1743: 1561: 457: 284: 13548: 11394: 8748:"Ranks of Latinos Turning to Islam Are Increasing; Many in City Were Catholics Seeking Old Muslim Roots" 6384: 6352:

The second largest Muslim organization is the community under the leadership of W. Deen Mohammed or the

4248:

higher education beyond high school, and they are also more likely to report being in the middle class.

2969:, making it the oldest Islamic organization in the United States. Drew taught that black people were of 19291: 19174: 18691: 18110: 17836: 15095: 14985: 14757: 14553: 13525: 13265: 12545:"Muslim US voters cast ballots in 'record numbers', with exit poll showing nearly 70% voting for Biden" 9523: 9480: 8520: 8393: 7580: 7576: 7463: 7420: 6650: 6600: 5586: 3744: 3646: 3430: 3299: 2907: 2382: 2187: 2132: 2090: 2060: 1104: 822: 497: 13054: 12897: 8848: 7493: 3075: 2886:

arrive in the late 20th century as refugees due to such reasons as political unrest, war, and famine.

19625: 19384: 19371: 19072: 18901: 18597: 18319: 18282: 18060: 18027: 17671: 17161: 16761: 15417: 15319: 14997: 14919: 12875: 12398:"Election Watch: 2004 Election Sees Second American-Muslim Bloc Vote – 2005 January-February - WRMEA" 9575:

Meigs-Jaques, Donna; Jaques, R. Kevin (2005). "Islam". In Hill, Samuel S.; Lippy, Charles H. (eds.).

9250: 6770: 6584: 6530: 6431: 5768: 4170: 3788:

Muslims. 24% or one in four US-born Muslims are non-denominational, versus 10% of immigrant Muslims.

3784: 3715: 3544: 2252:

on Islamic beliefs and the rules for ablution, morning prayer, and the calls to prayer. Known as the

1908: 1855: 1800: 1790: 1753: 592: 304: 13927: 11078: 10813:

Deconstructing the American Mosque: Space, Gender, and Aesthetics, p. 145, Akel Ismail Kahera (2010)

8823:"U.S. Muslims Concerned About Their Place in Society, but Continue to Believe in the American Dream" 7245:

2017 American Values Atlas, 51% of American Muslims favor same-sex marriage, while 34% are opposed.

3722:) Muslim Communities Organization (NASIMCO) is the largest umbrella group for North American Shias. 2625:, the Hindoo and infidel of every denomination." While President, Jefferson also participated in an 19536: 19255: 19079: 18852: 18332: 18075: 18050: 16846: 16693: 16442: 16392: 16333: 16110: 13909: 10964: 9805: 9624: 8213: 7025: 5910:- is an American football linebacker for the Houston Texans of the National Football League (NFL). 5742: 4368: 4202: 4119: 4114:

According to a 2001 study written by Ihsan Bagby, an associate professor of Islamic studies at the

3958: 3688: 3490: 3449: 3292: 3113: 2919: 2824: 2573: 2407: 1865: 1666: 1661: 1236: 524: 324: 15025: 13810: 13785: 13072: 12731: 11335: 10779: 10742: 10472: 9937: 7551:

states that 48 percent of Americans are uncomfortable with Muslim women wearing the burqa. A 2014

5645:

Number of Mosques per Million residents in each U.S. state and the District of Columbia as of 2020

19394: 18205: 18012: 17619: 17171: 16370: 16286: 15770: 15436: 15207: 15153: 14218: 13706:"Americans more likely to say Muslims face discrimination than to say this about other religions" 13317: 11462: 11090: 10871: 10849: 9143: 7530: 7412: 7297: 7089: 6572: 6541: 6372: 5874:- is an American college basketball player for the Providence Friars of the Big East Conference. 5699: 4022: 3882: 3425: 3245: 2810: 2136: 927: 119: 18359: 13174:"'Million Muslim March' Shaping up to be More Like a Few Hundred People Walking Down the Street" 11734: 10384: 10337: 9902:

Denise A. Spellberg, "Could a Muslim Be President? An Eighteenth-Century Constitutional Debate,

7521: 5612:

all hosted population concentrations greater than 3%. Paterson in New Jersey has been nicknamed

4391:

There were estimated to be about 4.5 million Muslim adherents across the United States in 2020.

4331:. Typically Islamic schools integrate religious knowledge throughout the curricula, incorporate 19551: 19480: 19449: 19379: 18303: 18298: 18216: 17799: 16397: 16232: 16103: 15828: 15820: 15750: 15720: 15385: 15375: 15271: 15261: 14924: 11791:"Maps and data files for 2020 | U.S. Religion Census | Religious Statistics & Demographics" 11288: 10333: 9551: 9533: 8692: 8617: 8198: 7596: 7504: 7424: 7355: 6500: 6317:

showed that a slim majority of Muslims at 51% supported gay marriage, compared to 34% opposed.

6187: 5886:- is an American professional boxer who challenged for the WBC-USNBC heavyweight title in 2022. 5566: 5512: 4115: 3931: 3907: 3579: 3387: 3268: 3203: 2543: 2352: 2311: 2295: 1835: 1626: 1406: 862: 573: 339: 14643: 14603: 13414: 12713: 12571: 10593: 9851: 9186: 7232:

identity correlates with a higher American identity among all Americans, especially Muslims.”

6751:

There are two museums dedicated to the history of Islamic culture in the U.S. and abroad. The

6446: 4063:

were. Conversely, 23% of American Muslims were converts, including 8% from historically black

19497: 19475: 18226: 18103: 17979: 17896: 17861: 17856: 17757: 17216: 17191: 16928: 16891: 16813: 16661: 16656: 16276: 16177: 15951: 15775: 14914: 14245: 12757: 12240: 11605:

Curlin, Farr A; Lantos, John D; Roach, Chad J; Sellergren, Sarah A; Chin, Marshall H (2005).

11262: 10539: 9546: 9541: 9460: 9008: 8244: 7060: 6307: 5542: 5538: 3842: 3633:

A small number of Black Muslims however rejected these new reforms brought by Imam Mohammed.

3612:, and replaced the entire "temple" concept with the traditional Muslim house of worship, the 3440: 3354: 3158: 3041: 2719: 2678: 2437: 2334: 2269: 2199: 2183: 2160: 1971: 1319: 1286: 1246: 989: 979: 767: 568: 393: 177: 132: 15020:

What Every Political Leader in America and the West should Know about the Arab-Islamic World

15013:

San Francisco State University: Media Guide to Islam: Timeline of Islam in the United States

12344: 12111: 11133: 10950: 10661: 9041: 8977: 7507:

by a twenty four-year-old Kuwaiti man, a naturalized US citizen with an engineering degree.

5850:- is an American college basketball player for the UConn Huskies of the Big East Conference. 4371:(NFL) making him the first and only ethnic minority member to own one, he also owns English 2333:, 'Ali who made the pilgrimage to Mecca,' (commonly spelled as "Hi Jolly") was hired by the 19154: 19061: 19006: 17969: 17959: 17949: 17939: 17891: 17782: 17777: 17772: 17762: 17201: 17176: 17166: 17020: 16933: 16823: 16793: 16747: 16600: 16588: 16437: 16375: 16247: 15745: 15618: 15553: 15488: 15392: 15237: 14941: 14932: 14717: 10831:

Immigrant and Minority Entrepreneurship: p. 5, John Sibley Butler, George Kozmetsky. (2004)

10359: 10054: 9537: 8190: 7415:

in 2013 caused 280 injuries, and 5 civilian and police deaths. Attempted attacks, like the

7384: 7289: 6756: 6654: 6643: 6561: 6361: 6042: 5754: 5578: 5526: 4756: 4364: 4103: 3919: 3830: 3806: 3594: 3415: 3359: 3173: 2806: 2791: 2773: 2532: 2394: 1975: 1840: 1733: 1471: 1401: 1336: 1164: 1159: 1049: 994: 867: 797: 14509:"Survey | Anxiety, Nostalgia, and Mistrust: Findings from the 2015 American Values Survey" 13857: 13756: 11430: 10275:

When the Word Is Given: A Report on Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X, and the Black Muslim World

6766:

There are also numerous cultural organizations centering the Muslim community in the U.S.

6713:; orphans projects; and seasonal projects, such as food distributions during the month of 8: 19389: 19265: 19159: 18975: 18414: 18211: 17964: 17934: 17924: 17914: 17794: 17688: 17287: 17280: 17258: 17236: 17231: 17134: 17067: 16871: 16808: 16778: 16730: 16720: 16673: 16644: 16634: 16615: 16343: 16318: 16281: 16212: 16197: 16192: 16088: 15740: 15735: 15730: 15667: 15528: 13954: 13464: 12245: 11819: 11581:

Education and Muslim Identity During a Time of Tension: Inside an American Islamic School

11224: 11104: 10456: 9881: 9780: 9519: 9329: 7552: 7543: 7360: 7339: 7334: 7317: 7205: 6633: 6592: 6588: 5805: 3953: 3818: 3534: 3382: 3083: 2895: 2418: 2345: 2040: 1703: 1656: 1636: 1376: 1296: 1271: 1176: 1149: 1099: 1069: 1059: 974: 934: 907: 892: 847: 782: 692: 578: 212: 112: 15710: 14024: 14005: 11656:"A Window Into American Muslim Physicians: Civic Engagement and Communitu Participation" 9530:. Based on "records for 27,233 voyages that set out to obtain slaves for the Americas". 7423:

have attracted substantial media coverage and inflamed community relations. In 2015 the

2122:"heretofore and hereafter may be purchased, procured, or otherwise obtained, as slaves." 954: 19556: 19470: 19401: 19311: 19247: 19055: 19031: 18708: 18686: 18646: 18488: 18391: 18342: 18308: 18199: 17987: 17954: 17944: 17919: 17828: 17767: 17752: 17737: 17206: 17186: 17119: 17097: 17077: 17055: 17010: 17005: 17000: 16987: 16943: 16923: 16918: 16881: 16856: 16783: 16725: 16688: 16639: 16624: 16502: 16490: 16475: 16447: 16432: 16422: 16407: 16387: 16365: 16338: 16313: 16291: 16222: 16187: 15725: 15648: 15593: 15563: 15483: 15288: 15100: 14986:

The Pluralism Project at Harvard University: Distribution of Muslim Centers in the U.S.

13888: 13631:"Muslims are a growing presence in U.S., but still face negative views from the public" 13513: 11631: 11606: 10315: 10188:

From black Muslims to Muslims : the transition from separatism to Islam, 1930-1980

10186: 9703: 9665: 9527: 9409: 6992: 6534: 6360:, once better-known as the Black Muslims. The association recognizes the leadership of 6183: 5865: 5856:- is a former American football offensive tackle of the National Football League (NFL). 5757:- Islamic scholar, founder and president of the Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research, 5590: 5570: 5113: 4174: 4035: 3903: 3858: 3719: 3656: 3313: 3135: 2843: 2828: 2780: 2723: 2711: 2651: 2265: 2098: 1785: 1696: 1631: 1501: 1446: 1416: 1331: 1256: 1251: 1231: 1119: 1109: 912: 602: 559: 529: 512: 487: 432: 388: 100: 18554: 14188: 13946: 12279: 11665:. Institute for Social Policy and Understanding (ISPU). pp. 9, 11. Archived from 11117: 10564: 9825: 9738: 9350: 8290: 7458: 3999: 19531: 19526: 19431: 19421: 19411: 19084: 18970: 18922: 18765: 18676: 18379: 18369: 18364: 18354: 18349: 18182: 18045: 17929: 17871: 17804: 17263: 17248: 17241: 17211: 17181: 17156: 17144: 17102: 17082: 17072: 17045: 17040: 17035: 17030: 17025: 16975: 16970: 16958: 16948: 16938: 16876: 16861: 16803: 16798: 16766: 16735: 16698: 16683: 16666: 16649: 16593: 16571: 16544: 16485: 16417: 16412: 16402: 16360: 16348: 16217: 16167: 15680: 15628: 15603: 15578: 15538: 15523: 15493: 15412: 15367: 15362: 15227: 15212: 14783: 14761: 14742: 14694: 14460: 13014: 11716: 11636: 11585: 11256: 10894: 10796: 10786: 10759: 10749: 10618: 10599: 10545: 10489: 10479: 10296: 10278: 10220: 10202: 10192: 10013: 9580: 9555: 9502: 9492: 9192: 9047: 9014: 8949: 8802: 8777: 8555: 7470: 7429: 7376: 6710: 6615: 6571:(MPAC) is an American Muslim public service and policy organization headquartered in 6557: 5871: 5687: 4156: 3838: 3821:

was established in 1920 in the United States. Ahmadi Muslims were among the earliest

3263: 3183: 3098: 2870: 2823:

1934: The oldest continuously and still standing building built specifically to be a

2746: 2699: 2606: 2594: 2580: 2566: 2203: 2156: 2035:

diverse religious groups in the United States. According to a 2017 study done by the

1830: 1815: 1758: 1718: 1713: 1681: 1551: 1481: 1456: 1431: 1386: 1371: 1341: 1276: 1226: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1084: 1029: 1004: 837: 832: 812: 777: 762: 653: 639: 607: 554: 467: 427: 289: 17661: 17475: 15840: 14219:"Breaking: Shooting At Muhammad Art Exhibit In Garland « CBS Dallas/Fort Worth" 13163:"Million Muslim March" Attendees Confronted by Christian Protesters on National Mall 12852:"In time for Ramadan, toll-free hotline seeks to educate N.J. residents about Islam" 11917: 11895: 11622: 11355: 9977: 7579:, created controversy when he compared President George W. Bush's actions after the 6653:, the American Arab Civic Organization, and the American Muslim Union, all based in 4106:

to Islam is roughly equal to the number of American Muslims who leave the religion.

3605:. It was estimated that there were 200,000 followers of W. D. Mohammed at the time. 19561: 19546: 19296: 19001: 18723: 18661: 18651: 18641: 18626: 18374: 18277: 18249: 18137: 17881: 17876: 17866: 17846: 17525: 17403: 17323: 17253: 17226: 17196: 17124: 17107: 17015: 16965: 16911: 16906: 16896: 16832: 16740: 16713: 16703: 16678: 16629: 16576: 16561: 16556: 16551: 16539: 16497: 16480: 16470: 16454: 16427: 16328: 16323: 16046: 15695: 15690: 15643: 15583: 15558: 15548: 15503: 15405: 15266: 14607: 14131: 13884: 12116: 11708: 11626: 11618: 10983: 10519:

Warith Deen Mohammed: Imam who preached a moderate form of Islam to black Americans

9784: 9695: 9657: 9606: 9484: 8233: 8066:

Most Muslims living in the United States are committed to the wellbeing of America

7607: 7391:

in 2001, there was concern about the potential radicalization of American Muslims.

7364: 7228:

Afghanistan was the right one and 12% supported the use of military force in Iraq.

6691:, more Muslims have begun to focus their charity efforts within the United States. 6621: 6576: 6365: 6325: 5952: 5883: 5651: 5640: 5629: 5597: 4777: 4462: 4312: 4233: 4225: 3927: 3802: 3540: 3397: 3392: 3240: 3228: 3188: 3102: 3071: 2784: 2671: 2614: 2411: 2207: 2195: 2028: 1880: 1778: 1748: 1738: 1686: 1646: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1586: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1556: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1496: 1436: 1411: 1396: 1351: 1301: 1211: 1186: 1064: 1054: 1014: 984: 969: 949: 939: 922: 917: 882: 877: 827: 772: 747: 715: 452: 447: 398: 383: 368: 277: 156: 14129:

Jenkins, Brian Michael (2010). "No Path to Glory: Deterring Homegrown Terrorism".

12494: 12004: 11519:"Schumer: Saudis playing role in spreading main terror influence in United States" 10595:

Conflict, Identity, and Reform in the Muslim World: Challenges for U.S. Engagement

8054:

I want to live in a country where no one is targeted for their religious identity

7363:, this graph records the distribution of feelings of U.S. Muslims on the topic of 7269: 6438: 6041:. However, the increased anti-Muslim rhetoric from the Republican Party after the 3981: 2194:

The first country to recognize the United States as an independent nation was the

19487: 19184: 19129: 18929: 18615: 18575: 18464: 18420: 18194: 17841: 17789: 17430: 17393: 17348: 17275: 17139: 17129: 17092: 17087: 17060: 16995: 16901: 16886: 16866: 16788: 16771: 16752: 16708: 16610: 16605: 16581: 16566: 16522: 16098: 15598: 15588: 15568: 15513: 15508: 15498: 15222: 15007: 14992: 14972: 14957: 14950: 14901: 14836: 14589: 14031: 14012: 13955:"Home / Articles / Is there a solution to racism? – Media Monitors Network (MMN)" 13829:"Emerging Consensus on LGBT Issues: Findings From the 2017 American Values Atlas" 13532: 13509: 13460: 13427: 12858: 12834: 12790: 11401: 11382: 11342: 11320: 11191: 11085: 10971: 10525: 10452: 10303: 10252: 10103: 9812: 9745: 9488: 9336: 9138: 8650: 8203: 7620: 7482: 7253: 6774: 6511: 6457: 6368: 6357: 6175: 6117: 5974: 5938: 5919: 5907: 5901: 5895: 5703: 5620: 5614: 4123: 4068: 3989: 3974: 3970: 3935: 3634: 3601:. He renamed it the World Community of al-Islam in the West; later it became the 3480: 3306: 3273: 3208: 3178: 3163: 3121: 3048: 3037: 3031: 3023: 3019: 2799: 2695: 2422: 2357: 2253: 2221: 2052: 1875: 1728: 1708: 1691: 1676: 1671: 1651: 1621: 1616: 1591: 1581: 1514: 1451: 1441: 1421: 1361: 1356: 1346: 1281: 1266: 1171: 1144: 1134: 1094: 1079: 1074: 1024: 1019: 959: 897: 857: 752: 740: 634: 587: 403: 363: 352: 334: 237: 182: 95: 13502: 8060:

The negative things politicians say regarding Muslims is harmful to our country

7371:

Terrorism that involved Muslim perpetrators began in the United States with the

6045:, support for the Republican Party among American Muslims has declined sharply. 2694:

Small-scale migration to the U.S. by Muslims began in 1840, with the arrival of

2667: 2317: 2298:, and emigrated to the United States. The highest-ranking Muslim officer in the 19599: 19316: 19169: 19011: 18713: 18022: 17683: 17636: 17500: 17495: 17460: 17445: 17050: 16851: 16818: 16303: 16298: 15685: 15573: 15518: 14173:

Kurzman, Charles (2012). "Muslim-American Terrorism in the Decade Since 9/11".

12361:

American Muslims remain in the dock 11 years after 9/11 by Abdus Sattar Ghazali

11735:"Muslim-American Activisms: 'Vision' Examined at AMA's Third Annual Convention" 8228: 7588: 7348: 7343: 7258: 7224: 7066: 6705: 6701: 6629: 6625: 6202:

became the first Muslim to be nominated by a major party for the U.S. Senate.

6120:

to win. 74% of Muslims ended up voting for Clinton, compared to 13% for Trump.

6067:, Bush's Muslim support had been reduced to under 1%, and Democratic candidate 6034: 5961: 5948: 5925: 5913: 5841: 5823: 5811: 5239: 4651: 4372: 3870: 3862: 3764: 3344: 3339: 3198: 3140: 3000:

Adherents of the Moorish Science Temple of America believe that the so-called "

2966: 2936:

During the first half of the 20th century, several groups based on Islamic and

2715: 2707: 2341: 2284: 2085: 2051:; the remainder identify with neither group, and include movements such as the 2006: 1870: 1860: 1850: 1763: 1723: 1641: 1611: 1426: 1366: 1306: 1261: 1241: 1216: 1191: 1154: 1139: 1114: 1089: 999: 944: 887: 872: 852: 842: 817: 757: 685: 547: 534: 492: 437: 51: 14886: 14351:"Mohammad Youssuf Abdulazeez: everything we know about the Chattanooga gunman" 12372: 11808: 11042:"American Muslim Demographics – Muslim American Populations Outreach Programs" 10478:(2nd ed.). Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press. pp. 225–27. 6105:'s support slightly falls to 85%, with 4% voting for his Republican opponent, 19614: 19502: 19329: 19179: 18718: 18681: 18656: 18493: 17728: 17599: 17547: 17535: 17530: 17520: 17510: 17505: 17425: 17398: 17388: 17383: 17378: 16953: 16073: 15608: 15533: 15217: 15108: 14891: 14464: 14412:"US anti-Muslim incidents rose about 70% in first half of 2024 amid Gaza war" 14078:"Muslim Americans: No Signs of Growth in Alienation or Support for Extremism" 11790: 11220:"The share of Americans who leave Islam is offset by those who become Muslim" 10898: 9476: 9110: 8559: 8349: 8241:(including images of U.S. Army, Navy, and Air Force Muslim Chaplain insignia) 7277: 7003: 6718: 6404: 6400: 6334: 6125: 6090:

getting only 2%. Some of his opponents question Obama's religious faith; see

6056: 6018: 5970: 5889: 5847: 5562: 5407: 5344: 4588: 4420: 4344: 4262: 4190: 4152: 4076: 4064: 4014: 3941:

According to an article in 2001, 25,000 Americans convert to Islam per year.

3826: 2941: 2847: 2795: 2769: 2687: 2447: 2441: 2303: 2287: 2233: 2225: 2179: 2010: 1986: 1967: 1943: 1810: 1805: 1461: 1381: 1221: 1181: 1129: 1124: 1042: 1009: 902: 792: 612: 517: 477: 12626:"Celebrity surgeon Dr. Oz seeks to be first Muslim elected to the US Senate" 11041: 10800: 10763: 10493: 10206: 7767:

Are partially responsible for acts of violence carried out by other Muslims

6544:

are actively engaged in upholding human and civil rights for all Americans.

6526: 6306:

American Muslims in the 2000s and early 2010s showed generally conservative

5589:

approximates 1.5 million, the largest metropolitan Muslim population in the

37: 19589: 19514: 19164: 19016: 18894: 18610: 18459: 18444: 18158: 17708: 17584: 17368: 14927:

What Goes First for American Muslims: A Guide to A Better-engaged Community

14845: 13098: 11720: 11640: 11267: 11217: 10282: 9978:"American Muslim organization founded by European settlers marks 110 years" 9385:. Beirut: Center of Historical, Economical and Social Studies. p. 109. 9043:

Capitalizing on the Morocco-US Free Trade Agreement: A Road Map for Success

9010:

Black Muslims in the US: History, Politics, and the Struggle of a Community

8176: 7603: 7584: 7538: 7436: 7321:, depicting the lives of different American Muslims in Dearborn, Michigan. 6669: 6171: 6113: 6102: 6083: 5991: 5957: 5877: 5829: 5817: 5799: 5683: 5625: 5554: 5550: 5386: 5365: 5155: 4735: 4292: 4186: 4139: 4099: 4084: 4018: 4004: 3895: 3866: 3772: 3552: 3467: 3193: 3064: 3015: 2817: 2727: 2647: 2527: 1898: 673: 619: 356: 88: 77: 14323: 10785:(2nd ed.). Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press. p. 262. 10677:"Calgarian faces life sentence for 1990 murder of controversial U.S. imam" 10541:

Muslims' Place in the American Public Square: Hope, Fears, and Aspirations

10506: 5880:- is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1994 to 2014. 2646:

In 1788, Americans held inaccurate, and often contradicting, views of the

19141: 18631: 18539: 18439: 18326: 17703: 17624: 17604: 17490: 17363: 17268: 15049: 13605:"American Public Attitudes Toward ISIS and Syria | Brookings Institution" 13051:"UAE Cabinet approves list of designated terrorist organisations, groups" 11692: 10654:"Islamic Supreme Council of America – Islamic Supreme Council of America" 10565:

Shiism in America Weaknesses and strategies of Shiite studies in the West

10270: 9547:

Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience

7043: 7013: 6604: 6408: 6399:(ICNA). ICNA describes itself as a non-ethnic, open to all, independent, 6179: 6137: 6133: 6106: 6087: 6072: 5987: 5966: 5859: 5835: 5786: 5780: 5774: 5764: 5574: 5546: 5323: 4693: 4360: 4356: 4304: 3915: 3768: 3700: 3680: 3676: 3420: 3056: 2944: 2899: 2869:

The Muslim population of the U.S. increased dramatically after President

2757: 2703: 2398: 2386: 2245: 2237: 2211: 2202:, in the year 1777. He maintained several correspondences with President 2140: 2044: 1998: 1963: 415: 373: 297: 15428: 14722:

A History of Islam in America: From the New World to the New World Order

14676: 12937: 12312:"Muslims in America 2012 - Who Will They Vote For? | Azeem Ibrahim" 11712: 10822:

Encyclopedia of Muslim-American History. p. 473, Edward E. Curtis (2010)

9917:

The Crescent Obscured: The United States and the Muslim World, 1776–1815

5533:, the U.S. state with the third-highest Muslim population concentration. 3475: 3007:

The Moorish Science Temple of America's current leader is R. Jones-Bey.

2027:

American Muslims come from various backgrounds and, according to a 2009

19444: 18526: 18483: 18454: 17666: 17609: 17440: 15195: 14962: 14887:

Allied Media Corporation: Muslim American Market: MUSLIM AMERICAN MEDIA

14868: 13575:"Muslim Americans are optimistic despite discrimination, new poll says" 13503:

Restrictions on Civil Liberties, Views of Islam, & Muslim Americans

12923: 12645:"David McCormick Concedes to Dr. Oz in Pennsylvania GOP Senate Primary" 9707: 9669: 8776:. Religion in American life. New York Oxford: Oxford University Press. 7007: 6658: 6195: 6068: 6052: 5667: 5655: 5605: 5558: 5530: 5008: 4630: 4483: 4376: 4194: 4080: 4052: 4048: 4026: 3668: 3518: 3052: 2982: 2937: 2903: 2882: 2863: 2790:

1920: The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community was established by the arrival of

2539: 2451: 2389:

and was captured by slave traders and transported to the United States.

2365: 2299: 2291: 2111: 2084:

Islam in the United States can be traced back to the 16th century when

2048: 420: 17713: 17465: 15349: 14739:

Muslims in Australia: Immigration, Race Relations and Cultural History

14015:: Violence against Arab and Muslim Americans: Alabama to Massachusetts 8271:

Includes voters for all non-Republican candidates, not only Democrats.

7248: 5777:- Former imam of the Islamic Society of Boston Cultural Center (ISBCC) 5741:

American Muslims help strengthen and contribute to the success of the

4379:., and automobile parts manufacturer Flex-N-Gate in Urbana, Illinois. 4291:. Some private Islamic schools in the United States cater to specific 3841:

and the Muslim immigrant community and became vocal proponents of the

19149: 18580: 18522: 18469: 18337: 18040: 18017: 17992: 17718: 17614: 17470: 17420: 17338: 15672: 15056:

Valparaiso University: Muslims as a Percentage of all Residents, 2000

15030:

A Lesson for Europe: American Muslims strive to become model citizens

14841: 13981:"Ahmed Rehab: Hijab Case: Why Bigoted Battery Makes For A Hate Crime" 12663:"Like Americans overall, Muslims now more accepting of homosexuality" 10076: 9472: 9464: 7616: 7031: 6507: 6338: 6199: 6163: 5721:

wore it most or some of the time, while only 40% indicated that they

5029: 4987: 4714: 4546: 4352: 4274: 4210: 4166: 3993: 3911: 3891: 3714:

The "heart of Shiism in the U.S." is placed in Dearborn, home to the

3567: 3548: 3445: 3168: 3060: 2859: 2776:. In 2017 they celebrated the 110 anniversary of their establishment. 2622: 2555: 2551: 2513: 2056: 319: 17450: 15017: 14829: 13015:"The Diversity of Muslims in the United States – Views as Americans" 11842:"Palestinian flag-raising is highlight of heritage week in Paterson" 9699: 9661: 9524:

W. E. B. Du Bois Institute for African and African-American Research

19492: 18988: 18846: 18798: 18592: 18498: 18449: 18177: 17997: 17651: 17641: 17569: 17542: 17455: 17435: 17373: 17353: 17333: 17328: 15658: 15460: 14327: 14034:: Violence against Arab and Muslim Americans: Michigan to Wisconsin 13178: 12316: 12274: 11287:. Council on American-Islamic Relations. p. 21. Archived from 11123:

March 29, 2016, at Wikiwix Pew Research (Washington DC, April 2015)

9720:

Thomas C. Parramore, "Muslim Slave Aristocrats in North Carolina,"

7497: 7486: 7315:

In 2011, The Learning Channel (TLC) broadcast a television series,

7093: 6377: 6129: 5609: 5601: 5302: 5197: 5176: 5092: 5071: 4924: 4861: 4567: 4525: 4504: 4441: 4348: 4266: 4095: 3846: 3756: 3684: 3651: 3556: 3001: 2855: 2779:

1915: What is most likely the first American mosque was founded by

2761: 2742: 2738: 2618: 2559: 2547: 2330: 2322: 2268:, Union troops commanded by Col. Thomas M. Johnston set ablaze the 629: 597: 311: 245: 15088: 14894:

The Islamic Community In The United States: Historical Development

13681:"Two in five Americans say Islam 'is incompatible with US values'" 12520:

Rappeport, Alan; Shear, Michael; Hulse, Carl (November 22, 2016).

11869:"Paterson Muslims to picket Lowe's for pulling ads from TV series" 11607:"Religious Characteristics of U.S. Physicians – A National Survey" 11218:

Besheer Mohamed; Elizabeth Pobrebarac Sciupac (January 26, 2018).

9506: 8722:"Muslims and Islam: Key findings in the U.S. and around the world" 8072:

Most people associate negative stereotypes with my faith identity

5945:, transitioning to CEO of University Hospital, Newark in July 2019 3914:, although it faltered due to lack of funding. From 1910 to 1912, 19507: 19103: 18791: 18671: 18549: 18544: 18531: 18515: 18508: 18503: 18235: 18076:

Race and ethnicity in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

17809: 17723: 17698: 17646: 17631: 17515: 17343: 17313: 16051: 15037:

The Diversity of Muslims in the United States: Views as Americans

12599:"First female Muslim mayor in the U.S. calls this N.J. town home" 11280:

Bagby, Ihsan; Perl, Paul M.; Froehle, Bryan T. (April 26, 2001).

10155: 9604: 8523:. The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. January 27, 2011. 7474: 7347:

favorable. 15% of American Muslims under the age of 30 supported

7307:

On a small number of occasions Muslim women who wore distinctive

7079: 7019: 6714: 6427: 6038: 5904:- is an American basketball coach and former professional player. 5663: 5470: 5449: 5050: 4966: 4945: 4840: 4609: 4316: 4308: 4300: 4296: 4131: 3923: 3692: 3623: 3593:

After the death of Elijah Muhammad, he was succeeded by his son,

3551:, New York City, by a former member of the Nation of Islam named 3435: 2630: 2509: 2491: 2455: 2256:, it is currently housed at the University of Georgia in Athens. 2094: 1990: 1962:

The first Muslims to arrive in America were enslaved people from

729: 462: 139: 29: 14729:

Muslim Women in America: The Challenge of Islamic Identity Today

13235:"Muslim Americans make historic gains in 2022 midterm elections" 10416:"The Meaning Of The 5%: A Look At The Nation Of Gods And Earths" 7637:

Most Muslims living in the United States... (% Net agree shown)

7473:, has been imprisoned, convicted on charges of working with the 6033:, 78 percent of Muslim Americans supported Republican candidate 4165:

are usually explicitly Sunni or Shia although there are over 55

3930:. Soon after, African-American Muslim groups began to form: the 2820:

was founded by Syrian Muslims, there is still a cemetery nearby.

19021: 18995: 18954: 18915: 18832: 18745: 18666: 18568: 18478: 18409: 18404: 18171: 18095: 18002: 17594: 17579: 17574: 17562: 17557: 17485: 17415: 17318: 17112: 14935:

Politicking U.S. Muslims: How Can U.S. Muslims Change Realities

14920:

Internet Archive: An Oral History of Islam in Pittsburgh (2006)

14881: 14691:

American Islamophobia: Understanding the Roots and Rise of Fear

14534: 14426:"Islamophobia: Understanding Anti-Muslim Sentiment in the West" 14246:"Mohammed cartoon contest: Protest held outside Phoenix mosque" 13423:"Reclaiming What It Means to Be Muslim, One Open Mic at a Time" 11079:

Private studies fuel debate over size of U.S. Muslim population

10705:

Section 2: Religious Beliefs and Practices, Pew Research Center

10156:"The Official Website of the Moorish Science Temple of America" 10006:"The number of mosque attendants increasing rapidly in America" 9686:

Gomez, Michael A. (November 1994). "Muslims in Early America".

9648:

Gomez, Michael A. (November 1994). "Muslims in Early America".

9158:"Copy of Quran only book saved from Union's 1865 burning of UA" 7526: 7281: 7273: 7113: 7073: 6330: 6116:

to win the 2016 presidential election, compared to 54% wanting

5998: 5491: 5428: 5281: 5260: 5134: 4320: 4287: 4253: 4229: 4217: 4162: 4056: 3810: 3731: 3672: 3664: 3613: 3609: 3598: 2986: 2765: 2584: 2241: 2229: 2068: 482: 472: 261: 229: 221: 206: 200: 84: 14727:

Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck, Jane I. Smith, and Kathleen M. Moore.

13852: 13850: 13391:"Islamic Heritage Museum Opens in D.C. | NBC4 Washington" 13261:"US Muslims gave more to charity than other Americans in 2020" 13120: 10716:"1920 – 2020 Centennial of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community USA" 10528:

The Independent. September 15, 2008. Retrieved April 22, 2009.

10318:

BBC News (BBC). October 16, 2000. Retrieved September 8, 2009.

8417: 8415: 7492:

Another American that was not of recent immigrant background,

5783:- Islamic scholar, President and co-founder of Zaytuna College 19270: 19095: 19049: 19037: 18839: 18825: 18784: 18561: 18399: 18256: 18242: 18163: 18126: 17693: 17676: 17656: 17589: 17552: 17480: 17410: 13287: 13053:. WAM Emirates News Agency. November 15, 2014. Archived from 12283: 10748:(2nd ed.). Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press. 10160:

The Official Website of the Moorish Science Temple of America

8324:"New estimates show U.S. Muslim population continues to grow" 7478: 7308: 7037: 6510:

was established in the U.S. in 1921, before the existence of

5659: 5218: 4798: 4672: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4282: 4258: 4182: 4091: 3834: 3822: 3708: 3704: 3618: 3563: 3074:. He left the NOI after being silenced for 90 days (due to a 2970: 2683: 2626: 2590: 2433: 2273: 2215: 2064: 1935: 624: 502: 193: 151: 144: 67: 59: 10648: 10646: 10106:

Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 13, 2009.

9579:. Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press. pp. 394–95. 7342:

poll reported that very few Muslim Americans (1%) supported

6452: 4335:

into their daily schedules, require modest dress, and serve

4181:, 22% non-affiliated and 16% other/non-response. Muslims of 2928: 18936: 18908: 18858: 18805: 18750: 18263: 18007: 17358: 15253: 14381:"Chattanooga gunman came from a middle-class Muslim family" 13847: 13454:

Views of Muslim-Americans hold steady after London Bombings

11604: 11376:

Detroit Islamic Center Open Largest Mosque in United States

11187:"Losing Their Religion: When Muslim Immigrants Leave Islam" 11126: 10947:"Federal Bureau of Investigation – Congressional Testimony" 10591: 9852:"Thomas Jefferson – Subject Research Guides at UVa Library" 8799:

Servants of Allah: African Muslims enslaved in the Americas

8412: 8380:

Servants of Allah: African Muslims Enslaved in the Americas

7503:

In 2015 four U.S. Marines were killed and three injured in

6614:

states it was created to "eliminate broad base support for

6420: 6388: 5758: 5710: 5628:

was estimated to have 30,000 to 50,000 Muslims as of 2012.

4903: 4882: 4819: 4221: 4198: 4178: 4060: 4008: 3739: 3696: 3683:; and are often from the countries of: Islamic Republic of 3627: 2993: 2992:

Its primary tenet was the belief that they are the ancient

2506: 2475: 2377: 2020:

In 2005, more people from Muslim-majority countries became

253: 161: 14621:‘Empty promises’: The US’s ‘Muslim ban’ still reverberates 13858:"Civil Rights Division Post-9/11 Enforcement and Outreach" 12893: 12373:"Muslims abandon Bush for Kerry -- and prefer Nader, even" 12215: 7469:

At least one American not of recent immigrant background,

4205:, 48% are Sunni, 34% are unaffiliated (mostly part of the 14268:"Part IV. What is the Threat to the United States Today?" 14047:. Tlc.howstuffworks.com. October 18, 2011. Archived from 13535: 12879: 12166:"Dutch told burka ban discriminates against Muslim women" 11404:, Dr Barry A. Kosmin & Dr Egon Mayer, October 2, 2001 11385:

Brittany Sterrett. June 2, 2005 Accessed August 19, 2007.

11266:. Saturday September 28, 2002. 2D and 3D. Retrieved from 10643: 10073:"Muslim American Politics and the Future of US Democracy" 9205: 9079:, U.S. Department of State, July 29, 2011, archived from 7235: 7054: 6646:

which took place at the National Mall in Washington, D.C.

5517: 4324: 3091: 2360:(1881–1945) was another prominent early American Muslim. 1956:

Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies

14189:"Dzhokhar Tsarnaev: Boston Marathon bomber found guilty" 13553:

Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project

12667:

Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project

9625:"Bound To Africa – The Mandinka Legacy In The New World" 9241: 9239: 9181: 9179: 6661:, voice Muslims' opposition to terrorism, including the 6468:

Muslim U.S. Army soldiers praying during Ramadan in 2015

6059:

are the first Muslim women elected to serve in Congress.

5960:- Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry, 1999 for his work on 5898:- is an American-born Ghanaian former basketball player. 5868:- is an American former professional basketball player. 5541:

one-third of the United States, and particularly in the

2973:

origin but their Muslim identity was taken away through

2898:, approximately 55% of Muslims in the United States are 2432:

Some newly arrived Muslim slaves assembled for communal

18072:

Births of U.S. states and territories by race/ethnicity

14324:"Target shifts Muslims who won't ring up pork products" 13359:"Saudi Aramco World : Mississippi's Muslim Museum" 13095:"The American Islamic Congress Statement Of Principles" 12735: 12424:"Smears against Obama energized Muslim voters: experts" 11314:

Between Black and Immigrant Muslims, an Uneasy Alliance

9461:"African Muslim Slaves and Islam in Antebellum America" 8644:

The Global Muslim Population: Projections for 2010–2030

6560:

and it has been designated as a terrorist group by the

15000:

African-American Muslims: The American Values of Islam

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The Official Website of Ahmadiyya Muslim Community USA

10230: 9960:"America's Oldest Surviving Mosque Is in Williamsburg" 9878:"Remarks at the Annual State Department Iftaar Dinner" 8801:(15th ed.). New York: New York University Press. 6998:

A CBS April 2006 poll showed that, in terms of faiths

6587:

is a small secular Muslim organization that promotes "

6011:

four Muslims have served in the United States Congress

15870: 13936:"Slain Arab-American May Have Been Hate-Crime Victim" 13313: 13205: 12522:"Trump Inches Toward Naming Domestic Cabinet Members" 12298:"Survey Shows Bush Support Drops Among Muslim Voters" 11654:

Abu-Ras, W.; Laird, L.D.; Senzai, F. (October 2012).

10537: 9826:"The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin – Chapter 10" 9380: 9236: 9176: 6800: 6628:

aiming to drum up support from Muslims for President

3588: 2572:

In 1790, the South Carolina legislative body granted

2264:

On the morning of April 5, 1865, near the end of the

2214:

for his guest Sidi Soliman Mellimelli, an envoy from

2126: 14980:

Muslim Americans: Middle Class and Mostly Mainstream

14774:(Garland Reference Library of Social Science) (1992) 14511:. Public Religion Research Institute. Archived from 14150:"Muslim-American Terrorism in the Decade Since 9/11" 13973: 13746:

Muslim Americans: Middle Class and Mostly Mainstream

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12876:"Islamic Assembly of North America Official Website" 12717: 12048:. New York: January 9, 2006. Vol. 138, Iss. 8; p. 10 11697:"Pakistani Physicians and the Repatriation Equation" 11663:

Islamic Medical Association of North America (IMANA)

8975: 8394:"Islam in America: From African Slaves to Malcolm X" 8166: 7826:

My faith identity/ community... (% Net agree shown)

7202:

Muslim Americans: Middle Class and Mostly Mainstream

5537:

Generally speaking, Muslims are concentrated in the

2950: 14818:

The percentage of Muslims in the U.S. (1980 - 2010)

14673:

Columbia Sourcebook of Muslims in the United States

14243: 13339: 13288:"Inner-City Muslim Action Network Official Website" 12808:"Why Islam? fights misunderstanding with the facts" 12519: 12489: 12487: 12485: 9613:. New York: Garland Publishing Inc. pp. 26–27. 7249:

American Muslim life after the September 11 attacks

5969:- Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry, 2015 along with 3926:in 1920. The converts Sadiq attracted tended to be 3063:, who became the face of the NOI in the media, and 2802:

which was rebuilt as purpose-built mosque in 1990s.

2772:, the American Mohammedan Society which became the 2458:), he arrived in America in 1807, one month before 2071:has also contributed to its growth over the years. 14175:Triangle Center on Terrorism and Homeland Security 12732:"Islamic Circle of North America Official Website" 12032:"Women are becoming more involved in U.S. mosques" 11941:"Women are becoming more involved in U.S. mosques" 11653: 11211: 10778: 10741: 10471: 9737:renamed itself Masjid Omar Ibn Said in his honor. 9574: 8875:, p. 225. Perry Miller and Thomas H. 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Most of the immigrants, from Arab areas of the 19612: 14778:Marable, Manning; Aidi, Hishaam D, eds. (2009). 14770:Koszegi, Michael A., and J. Gordon Melton, eds. 13784:. Voice of America. June 1, 2007. Archived from 13208:"New Jersey Muslim groups condemn Paris attacks" 12828:"Billboard Blitz for 877-Why-Islam info hotline" 12820: 12482: 12103: 11918:"The American Mosque 2020: Growing and Evolving" 11739:Washington Report on Middle East Affairs (WRMEA) 11279: 10598:. US Institute of Peace Press. pp. 366–70. 10297:Muslims Look to Blacks for Civil Rights Guidance 10277:. Cleveland: World Publishing. pp. 149–52. 9818: 9815:Article 11. The Avalon Project. Yale Law School. 8693:"American Muslim Poll 2017: Key Findings | ISPU" 6345:One of the largest Islamic organizations is the 5789:- Islamic scholar, co-founder of Zaytuna College 4067:traditions, 6% from being unaffiliated, 4% from 2889: 14644:"American Muslim Poll 2018: Full Report | ISPU" 14583:Bush like Hitler, says first Muslim in Congress 14298:"Minnesota's Muslim cab drivers face crackdown" 14072: 14070: 14068: 14066: 14045:"All-American Muslim: All-American Muslim: TLC" 14018: 13999: 12572:"American Muslim Poll 2018: Full Report | ISPU" 12029: 11920:. Institute for Social Policy and Understanding 11549:"How income varies among U.S. religious groups" 11511: 11480: 10976: 10587: 10585: 9880:. State.gov. September 15, 2009. Archived from 6732:Compassionate Care Network, Chicago, CCNchicago 5545:, given the region's relative proximity to the 3667:live in the United States. They originate from 2965:is an American organization founded in 1913 by 2947:beliefs were established by African Americans. 15138: 14349:Holpuch, Amanda; Yuhas, Alan (July 17, 2015). 13805: 13803: 13723: 11866: 9191:. New York: Facts on File. 2010. p. 561. 8969: 8682: 8607: 8573: 6717:. They provide aid internationally and in the 3775:, a sportscaster and retired football player. 3771:, a retired professional baseball player, and 2866:have come from the American Muslim community. 2395:enslaved people brought to America from Africa 18111: 15856: 15444: 15335: 15124: 14963:The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life: 14844:(Internet home of Islam affirmation event at 14648:Institute for Social Policy and Understanding 13449: 13447: 13445: 13258: 13206:Linda Moss; Minjae Park (November 16, 2015). 12894:"Muslim Student Association Official Website" 12576:Institute for Social Policy and Understanding 12499:Institute for Social Policy and Understanding 12446:"Poll: 89 percent of Muslims Voted for Obama" 12241:"Religious affiliation of the 116th Congress" 12109: 12009:Institute for Social Policy and Understanding 11896:"American Mosque Survey 2020 Report 1 | ISPU" 11760:"Muslims in America – A Statistical Portrait" 11356:"American Mosque Survey 2020 Report 1 | ISPU" 11336:Portrait of Muslims – Beliefs & Practices 10028:"Day 22: Ross, North Dakota – A Leap in Time" 9100: 8849:"Islam In America | History Detectives | PBS" 8697:Institute for Social Policy and Understanding 7959:Institute for Social Policy and Understanding 6790:Institute for Social Policy and Understanding 4197:(72%) are mainly Sunni, other groups such as 4118:, of Americans who convert to Islam, 64% are 4051:, although ex-Muslims were more likely to be 3778: 3498: 1916: 693: 15781:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 14965:Muslims Widely Seen As Facing Discrimination 14909:The Untapped American Muslim Consumer Market 14348: 14063: 13549:"How Americans feel toward religious groups" 13420: 12596: 12190: 12188: 12186: 12085:"Section 2: Religious Beliefs and Practices" 11915: 11839: 11690: 11414: 11412: 11410: 11282:"The Mosque in America: A National Portrait" 11069:at Adherents.com. 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January 27, 2011. 8521:"The Future of the Global Muslim Population" 7441:Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport 7114:American Muslims' views of the United States 7053:77% of Americans have favorable opinions of 6419:(ISCA) is a small organization representing 5767:- Imam and resident Islamic scholar for the 5506: 3934:was established in Chicago in 1925, and the 2550:as a "sober inquirer after truth" alongside 2546:", in which he mentions the Islamic prophet 2410:, a region with an established community of 2280:was saved by one of the university's staff. 2043:estimates about 73% of American Muslims are 14915:Euro Islam.info: Islam in the United States 14777: 14451:Ingraham, Christopher (November 17, 2015). 14144: 14142: 13800: 10865: 10843: 10407: 9761:, Summer 2009, Vol. 76 Issue 3, pp. 250–275 9452: 9383:Islam and Muslims in the American Continent 9381:M'Bow, Amadou Mahtar; Kettani, Ali (2001). 9000: 8913:"What Happened to America's First Muslims?" 7328: 6783: 6071:'s support rose to 93%, with 5% voting for 5977:for their mechanistic studies of DNA repair 3655:Memphis Al-Rasool Mosque, a Shia mosque in 2478:of Boonda in Africa, before being enslaved. 2397:were Muslims from the predominantly-Muslim 2139:community), "Bampett Muhamed" and possibly 33:Islamic Society of Boston mosque in Roxbury 18118: 18104: 15863: 15849: 15451: 15437: 15342: 15328: 15131: 15117: 14871:(listings of mosques in the United States) 14453:"What most Americans think of Islam today" 13657:"Perils of Perception, A 40 Country Study" 13442: 13210:. 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The North American Shia Ithna-Asheri ( 3650: 3014: 2927: 2677: 2666: 2589: 2474:Ayuba Suleiman Diallo was the son of an 2460:the U.S. abolished importation of slaves 2376: 2316: 36: 28: 18041:People of the United States / Americans 16267:African immigrants to the United States 15093: 15069:In 9/11 Memory, U.S. Faiths Urge Unity 14709:Encyclopedia of Muslim-American History 14688: 14172: 14128: 13864:from the original on November 11, 2013. 13611:from the original on September 23, 2016 13233:Molina, Alejandra (November 11, 2022). 13186:from the original on September 17, 2013 13153:from the original on September 21, 2013 13043: 13007: 12942:Shia Muslim Foundation official website 12642: 12623: 12267: 11938: 10919:Waller, J. Michael (October 14, 2003). 10675:Komarnicki, Jamie (December 25, 2012). 10374: 9997: 9828:. Earlyamerica.com. February 27, 2007. 9724:April 2000, Vol. 77 Issue 2, pp. 127–50 9593: 9397:Encyclopedia of Muslim-American History 9348: 9249:. Talkingaboutislam.com. Archived from 9188:Encyclopedia of Muslim-American History 8945:Encyclopedia of Muslim-American History 8910: 8884: 8582: 8478: 8421: 8374: 8372: 8370: 8239:United States military chaplain symbols 7593:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 7575:The first American Muslim Congressman, 7454:Jihadist extremism in the United States 6840:loyal to the U.S. as they are to Islam 6753:International Museum of Muslim Cultures 5793: 5713:) are found among the Sunni community. 4239: 3910:, who in 1893 established a mission in 2875:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 2787:. A Muslim cemetery still exists there. 2022:legal permanent United States residents 2015:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 1978:, an estimated 10 to 20 percent of the 14: 19613: 16356:Southern Africans in the United States 14638: 14636: 14634: 14632: 14497:from the original on February 9, 2017. 14493:. Pew Research Center. 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Portrait by 24: 16383:West Africans in the United States 16309:East Africans in the United States 16238:Stateside Virgin Islands Americans 15035:United States Institute of Peace: 14693:. University of California Press. 14682: 14665: 14554:"Muslim prayers in school debated" 14428:. Gallup, Inc. December 12, 2011. 14256:from the original on May 30, 2015. 14199:from the original on April 8, 2015 13934:Nieves, Evelyn (October 6, 2001). 13889:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2005.tb02195.x 13421:Stahl, Aviva (February 22, 2016). 13294:from the original on July 26, 2011 13127:from the original on June 12, 2008 13075:from the original on March 8, 2015 12965:. Ahmadiyya.us. November 5, 2011. 12784:"Muslims take message on the road" 12495:"American Muslim Poll 2017 | ISPU" 12030:BESHEER MOHAMED (August 4, 2021). 12005:"American Muslim Poll 2017 | ISPU" 11166:from the original on June 23, 2016 10509:NBC News. 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On December 9, 1805, President 19595: 19594: 19583: 19104:Schools of islamic jurisprudence 18294:Timeline of the history of Islam 18125: 18066:Race and ethnicity in the census 16173:African diaspora in the Americas 15657: 15624:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 15164:Islamic Society of North America 15089:The History of Muslim in America 14782:. 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(June 28, 2012). 9773:"The Founding Fathers and Islam" 8911:Manseau, Peter (March 9, 2015). 8265: 8183: 8169: 7602:In April 2018, former President 6917:Muslims are unfairly targeted by 6851:Muslims do not condone violence 6696:Inner-City Muslim Action Network 6486:Islamic Society of North America 6347:Islamic Society of North America 6320: 5951:- neurosurgeon, inventor of the 5523:Islamic Center of Passaic County 5484: 5463: 5442: 5421: 5400: 5379: 5358: 5337: 5316: 5295: 5274: 5253: 5232: 5211: 5190: 5169: 5148: 5127: 5106: 5085: 5064: 5043: 5022: 5001: 4980: 4959: 4938: 4917: 4896: 4875: 4854: 4833: 4812: 4791: 4770: 4749: 4728: 4707: 4686: 4665: 4644: 4623: 4602: 4581: 4560: 4539: 4518: 4497: 4476: 4455: 4434: 4413: 3852: 3837:focus their attention on mainly 3663:An estimated 386,000 to 900,000 3616:, also teaching how to pray the 3474: 3461: 3235:Nation of Islam and antisemitism 3072:separation of blacks from whites 2854:"Since the 1950s," many notable 2499: 2483: 2467: 2421:, about half of the Senegambian 2172: 2148: 2105: 1892: 1477:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 803:Democratic Republic of the Congo 722: 667: 66: 19455:List of ex-Muslim organisations 16183:Antiguan and Barbudan Americans 15159:Islamic Circle of North America 15084:Muslim Legacy in Early Americas 14852:Islamic Center of Beverly Hills 13811:"4. Political and social views" 12716:. April 5, 2020. Archived from 12282:on January 6, 2007 – via 12278:. New York City. Archived from 11701:New England Journal of Medicine 11623:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.0119.x 11312:Andrea Elliot (March 11, 2007) 10708: 10699: 10668: 10624: 10612: 10570: 10558: 10531: 10500: 10438: 10344: 10309: 10289: 10263: 10245: 10178: 10148: 10139: 10109: 10090: 10065: 10020: 9988: 9970: 9952: 9922: 9909: 9896: 9870: 9844: 9799: 9764: 9751: 9727: 9714: 9688:The Journal of Southern History 9650:The Journal of Southern History 9617: 9568: 9513: 9427: 9402: 9389: 9342: 9323: 9291: 9265: 9247:"History of Muslims In America" 9218:The National Archives NARAtions 9150: 9125: 9094: 9067: 9034: 8978:"Exploring Peter Salem's roots" 8935: 8904: 8878: 8866: 8841: 8815: 8790: 8765: 8739: 8656: 8636: 8539: 8513: 8499:"Muslim Immigration After 1965" 8256: 7565:University of Michigan–Dearborn 7510: 7381:1993 World Trade Center bombing 6884:Concern about Islamic radicals 6872:Muslim culture does not glorify 6816:survey of non-Muslim Americans 6490:Islamic Circle of North America 6397:Islamic Circle of North America 6395:The third largest group is the 6186:mayor in the United States, of 5943:New Jersey Department of Health 5854:Ryan Harris (American football) 5737:Notable American Muslim figures 5583:New York City Metropolitan Area 3948: 3922:, who established a mission in 3763:. This movement was founded by 3761:United Submitters International 2657: 2414:extending to the 11th century. 2385:, who was a Muslim prince from 2363:In the 1891 Supreme Court case 2117:Historian Peter Manseau wrote: 16228:Kittian and Nevisian Americans 16203:Dominican Americans (Dominica) 15096:"The Muslims of Early America" 13860:. U.S. Department of Justice. 13755:(Report). 2007. Archived from 12991:. Foxnews.com. April 7, 2010. 12643:Gabriel, Trip (June 3, 2022). 12138:Willsher, Kim (July 1, 2014). 11429:. May 22, 2007. Archived from 11252:Muslims gain Hispanic converts 11162:. Pew Research. May 12, 2015. 10777:Turner, Richard Brent (2003). 10740:Turner, Richard Brent (2003). 10631:Zoll, Rachel (July 25, 2009). 10538:Zahid Hussain Bukhari (2004). 10470:Turner, Richard Brent (2003). 10316:Farrakhan backs racial harmony 9806:Treaty of Peace and Friendship 9459:Turner, Richard Brent (2013). 8887:"The Muslims of Early America" 8449: 8424:"The Muslims of Early America" 8396:. National Humanities Center. 8385: 8342: 8283: 8209:Ahmadiyya in the United States 8041:Question 2 (% Never Justified) 8035:Question 1 (% Never Justified) 6704:USA is the American branch of 6364:. This group evolved from the 6301: 5981: 5761:of Valley Ranch Islamic Center 4220:, are given in languages like 4094:in adulthood, and 18% hold no 3906:activities were undertaken by 3798:Ahmadiyya in the United States 2228:, Futa-Jallon, in present-day 2165:Treaty of Peace and Friendship 13: 1: 19636:Religion in the United States 17745:Hispanic and Latino Americans 14863:Guides and reference listings 14604:Congressman Admits 9/11 Error 13579:The Christian Science Monitor 12806:Star-Ledger Editorial Board, 12597:Olivia Rizzo (May 21, 2019). 11916:Bagby, Ihsan (June 2, 2020). 11894:Ihsan, Bagby (June 2, 2020). 11762:. America.gov. Archived from 10658:www.islamicsupremecouncil.org 10295:Omar Sacirbey (May 16, 2006) 9771:Hutson, James H. (May 2002). 8666:. Gallup.com. March 2, 2009. 8277: 7175:personal financial situation 6677: 6569:Muslim Public Affairs Council 6554:The group has been criticized 6391:from ten mosques in Minnesota 5748: 4363:businessmen and owner of the 4207:Community of W. Deen Mohammed 3640: 3080:John F. Kennedy assassination 3040:(NOI) was created in 1930 by 2890:Subgroups of Muslim Americans 2576:to a community of Moroccans. 19440:Apostasy in Islam by country 19307:Liberalism and progressivism 17815:Indigenous Mexican Americans 15169:Muslim Students' Association 14944:US Muslims: The Social Angle 13662:. Ipsos Mori. Archived from 12920:"Islamic Information Center" 12758:"Islam in the United States" 11844:. North Jersey Media Group. 11840:Deena Yellin (May 3, 2015). 10619:Islam (Shia), in the U.S> 9735:Fayetteville, North Carolina 9489:10.1017/CCO9781139026161.005 9046:. Peterson Institute. 2009. 8620:. Migrationinformation.org. 7417:Curtis Culwell Center attack 7401:University of North Carolina 7383:in New York City. After the 7263:Islamic Center of Washington 6993:violence among its believers 6941:Believe most are immigrants 6597:Dream Deferred Essay Contest 6521: 6514:, according to its members. 6482:Muslim Students' Association 6152:March on Washington for Gaza 4159:(10%), and 15% no religion. 3791: 3622:, to observe the fasting of 3350:Muhammad University of Islam 3055:Fard, saying that he was an 7: 18056:Maps of American ancestries 17852:French Polynesian Americans 16208:Dutch West Indian Americans 14689:Beydoun, Khaled A. (2018). 14558:The San Diego Union-Tribune 14552:Gao, Helen (July 2, 2007). 14300:. Reuters. April 17, 2007. 14030:September 29, 2006, at the 14011:September 29, 2006, at the 12813:June 18, 2014, at Wikiwix, 12687:Duffy, Nick (May 1, 2018). 11105:"US Religion Census - 2010" 10356:Southern Poverty Law Center 10328:Dodoo, Jan (May 29, 2001). 10010:American Muslim perspective 9811:September 16, 2007, at the 9534:"Transatlantic Slave Trade" 8797:Diouf, Sylviane A. (2013). 8291:"Religious Landscape Study" 8162: 7689:Discriminate against women 7663:Are more prone to violence 7570:separating church and state 6894:Support wiretapping by FBI 6746: 6663:November 2015 Paris attacks 6354:American Society of Muslims 6004: 4386: 4145: 3603:American Society of Muslims 3523:Southern Poverty Law Center 3378:American Society of Muslims 2924:American Society of Muslims 2751:Survey of Islamic Doctrines 2037:Institute for Social Policy 241:("Stories of the Prophets") 10: 19652: 19621:Islam in the United States 19357: 17837:Pacific Islander Americans 15351:Islam in the United States 15140:Islam in the United States 14835:December 21, 2018, at the 14758:Princeton University Press 14671:Curtis IV, Edward E., ed. 14588:February 24, 2008, at the 13983:. HuffPost. May 25, 2011. 12734:. Icna.org. Archived from 11966:"The American Mosque 2011" 11584:. Routledge. p. 166. 11326:. 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Of 4071:, and 3% from mainline or 3977:message in Chicago in 1974 3898:converted to Islam in 1964 3880: 3809:, first missionary and an 3795: 3785:Non-denominational Muslims 3779:Non-denominational Muslims 3745:neo-traditionalist thought 3647:Shia Islam in the Americas 3644: 3577: 3532: 3431:Peace Movement of Ethiopia 3029: 2954: 2917: 2908:non-denominational Muslims 2881:one-third originated from 2842:1945: A mosque existed in 2383:Abdul Rahman Ibrahima Sori 2188:Philadelphia Museum of Art 2133:American Revolutionary War 2091:Anthony Janszoon van Salee 2074: 2061:non-denominational Muslims 2031:poll, are one of the most 19578: 19463: 19430: 19370: 19366: 19352: 19279: 19246: 19218:Geography and cartography 19193: 19140: 19136: 19120: 18946: 18868: 18815: 18764: 18760: 18736: 18606: 18430: 18390: 18273: 18225: 18149: 18145: 18134: 18036: 18028:Punjabi Mexican Americans 17978: 17907: 17827: 17301: 17162:Liechtensteiner Americans 16986: 16515: 16160: 16149: 16017: 15887: 15878: 15799: 15766:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 15666: 15655: 15467: 15358: 15299: 15280: 15251: 15193: 15177: 15146: 15061:Growing Up in 9/11 Shadow 14619:Abdalla J. 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Archived from 9351:"American Muslim History" 9132:Muslim roots of the blues 8942:Curtis, Edward E (2010). 7852:Is a source of happiness 7608:ban on Muslim immigration 7120: 6811: 6771:Muslim Writers Collective 6585:American Islamic Congress 6531:Islamic Center of America 6432:Islamic Society of Boston 6308:views about homosexuality 5769:East Plano Islamic Center 5604:, the State of New York, 5507:Population concentrations 4406:Percent Muslim (estimate) 4273:, the imperative to seek 4171:Islamic Center of America 4102:, the number of American 3725: 3716:Islamic Center of America 3082:), and proceeded to form 2816:1929: The Ross Masjid in 2372: 2302:was Captain Moses Osman. 2222:Bilali "Ben Ali" Muhammad 19537:Islamic view of miracles 18051:Native American ancestry 16838:Hungarian Slovak Gypsies 16694:Indo-Caribbean Americans 16443:Sierra Leonean Americans 16393:Bissau-Guinean Americans 16334:South Sudanese Americans 15786:Turks and Caicos Islands 15233:Northern Mariana Islands 15006:August 20, 2009, at the 14857:Muslim American Outreach 14626:. Accessed 9 April 2023. 13508:January 4, 2006, at the 13121:"Free Muslims Coalition" 12938:"Shia Muslim Foundation" 12857:August 12, 2014, at the 12789:August 12, 2014, at the 12601:. New Jersey On-Line LLC 11795:www.usreligioncensus.org 11578:Brooks, Melanie (2020). 11319:January 2, 2017, at the 10970:August 28, 2008, at the 10451:October 3, 2012, at the 10117:"The Aging of the Moors" 9076:Thomas Jefferson's Iftar 8250: 8214:List of American Muslims 8156:Question 4 (% Net agree) 8150:Question 3 (% Net agree) 8144:Question 2 (% Net agree) 8138:Question 1 (% Net agree) 7793:Index (0 min - 100 max) 7462:A memorial for the 2016 7329:Concerns and perceptions 7200:In a 2007 survey titled 7026:Christian fundamentalism 6795: 6784:Research and think tanks 6182:mayor, and first female 6174:became the first female 5743:United States of America 4369:National Football League 4203:African American Muslims 4122:, 27% are White, 6% are 3959:U.S. Department of State 3689:Islamic Republic of Iran 3450:Your Black Muslim Bakery 3293:A Torchlight for America 2940:teachings combined with 2516:copied by Omar ibn Said. 1846:Northern Mariana Islands 788:Central African Republic 330:Medieval Islamic science 19292:Creationism (evolution) 18013:Louisiana Creole people 17172:Luxembourgish Americans 16371:South African Americans 16287:Equatoguinean Americans 15353:by state/city/territory 15154:American Muslim Council 14971:April 22, 2010, at the 13379:, January/February 2006 11091:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 10872:Oxford University Press 10850:Oxford University Press 10621:Retrieved 25 April 2022 10239:The Soul of a Butterfly 10004:Ghazali, Abdul Sattar. 9906:39#4 (2006) pp. 485–506 9144:San Francisco Chronicle 9007:Samory, Rashid (2013). 7878:Contributes to society 7531:Raleigh, North Carolina 7413:Boston Marathon bombing 7298:Arab American Institute 7160:Rate their community as 6906:than non-American ones 6542:American Muslim Council 6456:Tucson Islamic Center, 6373:American Muslim Mission 6162:, Democratic candidate 6082:, Democratic candidate 4323:, and in some schools, 4109: 3426:New Black Panther Party 2811:Highland Park, Michigan 2629:with the Ambassador of 2224:was a Fula Muslim from 2210:hosted a dinner at the 2163:in appreciation of the 2137:Turks of South Carolina 1796:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 19631:Islam in North America 19552:Persecution of Muslims 19450:List of former Muslims 18299:Succession to Muhammad 17800:Puerto Rican Americans 16398:Cape Verdean Americans 16233:Saint Lucian Americans 16009:Ethnocultural politics 15977:Racial achievement gap 15907:Educational attainment 15701:British Virgin Islands 14991:March 3, 2016, at the 14900:March 8, 2016, at the 14869:GaramChai.com: Mosques 14848:on September 25, 2009) 14772:Islam In North America 14760:, Princeton, NJ, 2008 13762:on September 16, 2012. 13182:. September 11, 2013. 13149:. September 11, 2013. 12833:July 11, 2014, at the 12270:"'I'm a Sunni Muslim'" 12046:New York Times Upfront 11400:June 12, 2010, at the 10953:on September 25, 2006. 10579:Retrieved 4 April 2022 10567:Retrieved 4 April 2022 10334:University of Virginia 10302:March 6, 2008, at the 10016:on September 28, 2007. 9542:Gates, Henry Louis Jr. 9463:. In Hammer, Juliane; 8982:Telegram & Gazette 8649:July 30, 2013, at the 8350:"U.S. Religion Census" 8199:Islam in New York City 7597:Anti-Defamation League 7534: 7505:Chattanooga, Tennessee 7466: 7425:New America Foundation 7368: 7285: 7266: 7162:"excellent" or "good" 7147:Agree that one can get 7067:evangelical Christians 6759:opened in early 2001. 6649:The Islamic Center of 6612:Free Muslims Coalition 6537: 6501:Shia Muslim Foundation 6469: 6461: 6449: 6435: 6392: 6342: 6155: 6060: 5994:, John Hancock Center) 5647: 5534: 5513:Islam in New York City 4116:University of Kentucky 4029: 4011: 3996: 3978: 3962: 3932:Moorish Science Temple 3908:Alexander Russell Webb 3899: 3814: 3660: 3580:United Nation of Islam 3574:United Nation of Islam 3388:United Nation of Islam 3269:Millions More Movement 3027: 2933: 2914:Black Muslim movements 2850:population in the U.S. 2846:, home to the largest 2831:. The mosque is where 2691: 2675: 2598: 2562:, and other thinkers. 2544:Thoughts on Government 2390: 2353:Alexander Russell Webb 2326: 2312:Brownsville, Tennessee 2124: 1989:from West Africa were 1547:Bosnia and Herzegovina 340:Succession to Muhammad 44: 34: 19336:Conversion to mosques 19203:Alchemy and chemistry 17897:New Zealand Americans 17862:Micronesian Americans 17857:Marshallese Americans 17758:Costa Rican Americans 17217:Sammarinese Americans 17192:Montenegrin Americans 16929:Azerbaijani Americans 16892:Palestinian Americans 16814:Singaporean Americans 16662:Bangladeshi Americans 16277:Cameroonian Americans 15999:Unemployment by state 15614:Saint Kitts and Nevis 14956:June 9, 2007, at the 14842:Islam on Capitol Hill 14830:FriendlyCombatant.com 14780:Black Routes to Islam 14718:GhaneaBassiri, Kambiz 14707:Curtis IV, Edward E. 13915:on September 26, 2007 13903:"Humanitykingdom.com" 13607:. November 30, 2001. 13459:July 8, 2011, at the 13239:Religion News Service 13057:on December 24, 2016. 11456:"Darul Uloom Chicago" 11436:on September 16, 2012 11263:The Victoria Advocate 10637:The Victoria Advocate 10123:. November 15, 2007. 10102:May 16, 2008, at the 9744:May 16, 2008, at the 9733:In 1991, a masjid in 9538:Appiah, Kwame Anthony 9137:May 25, 2011, at the 8245:American Islam (term) 7613:immediately rescinded 7524: 7461: 7387:and the start of the 7358: 7272: 7256: 7149:ahead with hard work 7036:19% favorable toward 7030:20% favorable toward 7024:31% favorable toward 7018:47% favorable toward 7012:48% favorable toward 6978:for political office 6556:for alleged links to 6529: 6467: 6455: 6441: 6430: 6387: 6328: 6313:A 2017 survey by the 6150: 6051: 6013:, all members of the 5643: 5543:Northeast megalopolis 5520: 5511:Further information: 4265:and sustainer of the 4017: 4002: 3984: 3968: 3956: 3902:Some of the earliest 3894: 3843:civil rights movement 3805: 3654: 3441:Church of Scientology 3410:Related organizations 3355:Muslim Girls Training 3159:Wallace Fard Muhammad 3076:controversial comment 3042:Wallace Fard Muhammad 3018: 2931: 2918:Further information: 2720:Quincy, Massachusetts 2681: 2670: 2605:, published in 1791, 2593: 2438:Ayuba Suleiman Diallo 2380: 2335:United States Cavalry 2320: 2270:University of Alabama 2200:Mohammed ben Abdallah 2184:Charles Willson Peale 2161:Mohammed ben Abdallah 2119: 1972:Ayuba Suleiman Diallo 1938:is the third-largest 1467:Saint Kitts and Nevis 965:São Tomé and Príncipe 808:Republic of the Congo 40: 32: 19062:Ma malakat aymanukum 18637:Association football 18536:Moderate Kharijites 17970:Venezuelan Americans 17960:Surinamese Americans 17950:Paraguayan Americans 17940:Ecuadorian Americans 17892:Australian Americans 17783:Salvadoran Americans 17778:Panamanian Americans 17773:Nicaraguan Americans 17763:Guatemalan Americans 17202:Portuguese Americans 17177:Macedonian Americans 17167:Lithuanian Americans 17021:Belarusian Americans 16934:Circassian Americans 16824:Vietnamese Americans 16794:Indonesian Americans 16748:Sri Lankan Americans 16601:Fuzhounese Americans 16438:Senegalese Americans 16376:Zimbabwean Americans 16248:Vincentian Americans 14741:, London: Routledge 14515:on December 10, 2015 14110:on November 29, 2011 14051:on December 19, 2011 13788:on December 11, 2008 13669:on January 22, 2017. 13214:on November 17, 2015 12926:on October 29, 2006. 12760:. October 22, 2008. 12720:on October 17, 2004. 12430:. November 6, 2008. 12404:on February 26, 2021 12112:"The Veil's Revival" 11555:. October 11, 2016. 11136:. October 22, 2008. 11044:. Allied-media.com. 10965:Judiciary.senate.gov 10683:on December 28, 2012 10340:on November 9, 2007. 9966:. December 26, 2018. 9759:Pennsylvania History 9113:on December 12, 2011 8354:U.S. Religion Census 8191:United States portal 7385:September 11 attacks 7290:September 11 attacks 7042:8% favorable toward 6965:to wear headscarves 6757:Jackson, Mississippi 6689:Holy Land Foundation 6644:Million Muslim March 6575:and with offices in 6562:United Arab Emirates 6362:Warith Deen Mohammed 6178:mayor, first female 6043:September 11 attacks 5794:Sports and athletics 5755:Omar Suleiman (imam) 5579:Paterson, New Jersey 4778:District of Columbia 4365:Jacksonville Jaguars 4240:Education and income 3920:Mufti Muhammad Sadiq 3831:Mufti Muhammad Sadiq 3807:Mufti Muhammad Sadiq 3626:, and to attend the 3595:Warith Deen Mohammed 3416:Black Dragon Society 3360:Star Chamber Academy 3222:Beliefs and theology 3174:Warith Deen Mohammed 2862:with influence over 2807:Highland Park Mosque 2792:Mufti Muhammad Sadiq 2774:Powers Street Mosque 2760:immigrants from the 2716:Paterson, New Jersey 2574:special legal status 2196:Sultanate of Morocco 1976:Atlantic slave trade 1292:United Arab Emirates 728:World percentage of 379:Association football 17965:Uruguayan Americans 17935:Colombian Americans 17925:Brazilian Americans 17915:Argentine Americans 17795:Dominican Americans 17689:Alaskan Athabaskans 17288:Non-Hispanic whites 17281:Ukrainian Americans 17259:Slovenian Americans 17237:Norwegian Americans 17232:Icelandic Americans 17135:Hungarian Americans 17068:Bulgarian Americans 16872:Jordanian Americans 16809:Malaysian Americans 16779:Cambodian Americans 16731:Pakistani Americans 16721:Maldivian Americans 16674:Bhutanese Americans 16645:Taiwanese Americans 16635:Mongolian Americans 16616:Hong Kong Americans 16344:Tanzanian Americans 16319:Ethiopian Americans 16282:Congolese Americans 16213:Grenadian Americans 16198:Bermudian Americans 16193:Barbadian Americans 15927:Housing segregation 15881:Demographic history 15791:U.S. Virgin Islands 15634:Trinidad and Tobago 15479:Antigua and Barbuda 14457:The Washington Post 14082:Pew Research Center 13815:Pew Research Center 13753:Pew Research Center 13710:Pew Research Center 13635:Pew Research Center 13465:Pew Research Center 13388:Arlene Borenstein, 13123:. Freemuslims.org. 12797:, December 13, 2008 12738:on December 4, 2011 12470:. November 11, 2012 12452:. November 8, 2008. 12246:Pew Research Center 12089:Pew Research Center 11982:on October 18, 2012 11945:Pew Research Center 11875:on October 16, 2013 11820:Pew Research Center 11766:on October 14, 2011 11713:10.1056/NEJMp068261 11468:on October 16, 2006 11345:Pew Research Center 11225:Pew Research Center 11094:. October 28, 2001. 11022:on February 6, 2006 10457:The Washington Post 10362:on October 27, 2007 9984:. October 23, 2017. 9930:"Religion: Ramadan" 9915:Robert J. Allison, 9884:on December 2, 2011 9781:Library of Congress 9520:Stephen D. Behrendt 9279:on December 1, 2011 9141:, Jonathan Curiel, 8917:The Huffington Post 8873:The Puritans, vol 1 8827:Pew Research Center 8726:www.pewresearch.org 8457:Muslims in America, 8378:Sylviane A. Diouf, 8328:Pew Research Center 7822: 7633: 7632:Islamophobia Index 7553:Pew Research Center 7544:The Washington Post 7485:, and then went to 7361:Pew Research Center 7318:All-American Muslim 7206:Pew Research Center 6634:Muslims for America 6593:religious tolerance 6589:religious pluralism 6475:Almaghrib Institute 6447:Abiquiú, New Mexico 6443:Dar al-Islam mosque 6207: 6136:, and 72% of white 5806:Kareem Abdul-Jabbar 3877:Conversion to Islam 3859:progressive Muslims 3823:Muslim missionaries 3819:Ahmadiyya Community 3628:pilgrimage to Mecca 3535:Five-Percent Nation 3529:Five-Percent Nation 3481:Politics portal 3383:Five-Percent Nation 3372:Offshoots and sects 3092:pilgrimage to Mecca 3084:Muslim Mosque, Inc. 2896:Pew Research Center 2856:political activists 2827:was established in 2702:, and lasted until 2419:Fulani jihad states 2346:Tuscaloosa, Alabama 2244:, and observed the 2080:Historical overview 2041:Pew Research Center 1487:Trinidad and Tobago 1327:Antigua and Barbuda 140:Profession of Faith 113:Day of Resurrection 19557:Quran and miracles 19471:Criticism of Islam 19175:Geometric patterns 19027:Gender segregation 18598:Non-denominational 17955:Peruvian Americans 17945:Guyanese Americans 17920:Bolivian Americans 17842:Chamorro Americans 17768:Honduran Americans 17753:Belizean Americans 17738:Canadian Americans 17207:Romanian Americans 17187:Moldovan Americans 17120:Galician Americans 17098:Estonian Americans 17078:Croatian Americans 17056:Scottish Americans 17011:Austrian Americans 17006:Asturian Americans 17001:Albanian Americans 16944:Georgian Americans 16924:Assyrian Americans 16919:Armenian Americans 16882:Lebanese Americans 16857:Bahraini Americans 16784:Filipino Americans 16726:Nepalese Americans 16689:Gujarati Americans 16640:Ryukyuan Americans 16625:Japanese Americans 16503:Egyptian Americans 16491:Tunisian Americans 16476:Algerian Americans 16448:Togolese Americans 16433:Nigerian Americans 16423:Liberian Americans 16408:Ghanaian Americans 16388:Beninese Americans 16366:Malawian Americans 16339:Sudanese Americans 16314:Eritrean Americans 16292:Gabonese Americans 16223:Jamaican Americans 16188:Bahamian Americans 16094:Moorish Scientists 15994:Standard of living 15544:Dominican Republic 15289:An American Mosque 15101:The New York Times 14882:The Muslim Journal 14796:Naqvi, S. Kaazim. 13940:The New York Times 13581:. August 2, 2011. 13514:Cornell University 13377:Saudi Aramco World 13356:Ann Walter Sieber, 12989:"reference at end" 12649:The New York Times 12526:The New York Times 12468:The Jerusalem Post 11816:"Muslims By State" 11420:"Muslim Americans" 11324:The New York Times 11294:on October 6, 2016 10891:The New York Times 9940:on August 26, 2009 9694:(4): 692–93, 695. 9605:Koszegi, Michael; 9528:Harvard University 9483:. pp. 28–44. 9395:Edward E. Curtis, 8891:The New York Times 8752:The New York Times 8552:The New York Times 8501:. Carleton College 8471:Edward E. Curtis, 8428:The New York Times 7841:White Evangelical 7820: 7652:White Evangelical 7631: 7535: 7467: 7448:Jihadist extremism 7379:, followed by the 7369: 7286: 7267: 7188:state of the U.S. 7186:Satisfied with the 7065:57% favorable of " 6668:In November 2022, 6538: 6535:Dearborn, Michigan 6470: 6462: 6450: 6436: 6434:mosque in Roxbury. 6393: 6343: 6205: 6184:Pakistani-American 6156: 6061: 5866:Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf 5745:in multiple ways. 5648: 5591:Western hemisphere 5571:Dearborn, Michigan 5535: 4175:Dearborn, Michigan 4036:The New York Times 4030: 4012: 4003:Islamic Center of 3997: 3979: 3963: 3904:Islamic missionary 3900: 3829:, the first being 3815: 3661: 3657:Memphis, Tennessee 3314:How to Eat to Live 3136:Satokata Takahashi 3028: 2979:racial segregation 2934: 2844:Dearborn, Michigan 2829:Cedar Rapids, Iowa 2712:Dearborn, Michigan 2692: 2676: 2674:in New York (1912) 2652:Alexander Hamilton 2599: 2412:Muslim inhabitants 2391: 2327: 2290:, who was born in 2266:American Civil War 2260:Nineteenth century 2198:, under its ruler 2099:Ford Motor Company 1392:Dominican Republic 45: 35: 19608: 19607: 19574: 19573: 19570: 19569: 19542:Domestic violence 19532:Islamic terrorism 19527:Islamic extremism 19348: 19347: 19344: 19343: 19116: 19115: 19112: 19111: 18902:Marriage contract 18732: 18731: 18692:Political aspects 18421:Story of Prophets 18190:Prophets of Islam 18093: 18092: 18089: 18088: 18046:American ancestry 17930:Chilean Americans 17872:Palauan Americans 17805:Mexican Americans 17264:Spanish Americans 17249:Serbian Americans 17242:Swedish Americans 17212:Russian Americans 17182:Maltese Americans 17157:Latvian Americans 17145:Italian Americans 17103:Finnish Americans 17083:Cypriot Americans 17073:Catalan Americans 17046:English Americans 17041:Cornish Americans 17036:British Americans 17031:Bosnian Americans 17026:Belgian Americans 16976:Turkish Americans 16971:Kurdish Americans 16959:Israeli Americans 16949:Iranian Americans 16939:Chechen Americans 16877:Kuwaiti Americans 16862:Emirati Americans 16804:Laotian Americans 16799:Iu Mien Americans 16767:Burmese Americans 16736:Punjabi Americans 16699:Punjabi Americans 16684:Bengali Americans 16667:Bengali Americans 16650:Tibetan Americans 16594:Chinese Americans 16572:Turkmen Americans 16545:Pashtun Americans 16486:Moroccan American 16418:Ivorian Americans 16413:Guinean Americans 16403:Gambian Americans 16361:Angolan Americans 16349:Ugandan Americans 16218:Haitian Americans 16168:African Americans 15967:Racial inequality 15937:Income inequality 15902:Gender inequality 15838: 15837: 15426: 15425: 15401:Dallas-Fort Worth 15317: 15316: 15045:Muslim in America 14876:Academia and news 14789:978-1-4039-8400-5 14766:978-0-691-13349-2 14752:Kidd, Thomas. S. 14747:978-0-7103-1108-5 14677:table of contents 14195:. April 8, 2015. 14084:. August 30, 2011 13685:www.aljazeera.com 13393:. July 28, 2011. 13365:on August 7, 2011 13101:on August 6, 2002 13024:. February 2006. 12841:, August 15, 2011 12817:, August 10, 2011 12612:Religionnews.com. 12320:. February 2012. 12249:. January 3, 2019 12195:Hjelmgaard, kim. 12091:. August 30, 2011 11672:on March 10, 2016 11257:Houston Chronicle 10866:Edward E Curtis. 10852:. pp. 28–30. 10844:Edward E Curtis. 10605:978-1-60127-020-7 10551:978-0-7591-0613-0 10330:"Nation of Islam" 10225:978-0-664-22475-2 10034:on March 25, 2014 9787:on April 27, 2005 9607:Melton, J. Gordon 9586:978-0-86554-758-2 9561:978-0-465-00071-5 9253:on March 24, 2012 8984:. Worcester, MA. 8808:978-1-4798-4711-2 8783:978-0-19-536756-0 8392:Tweed, Thomas A. 8330:. January 3, 2018 7955: 7954: 7818: 7817: 7471:John Walker Lindh 7430:violent extremism 7377:Langley, Virginia 7198: 7197: 7173:Excellent or good 7078:35% favorable of 7072:55% favorable of 7059:73% favorable of 6988: 6987: 6711:Hurricane Katrina 6616:Islamic extremism 6558:Islamic terrorism 6299: 6298: 5872:Jabri Abdur-Rahim 5729:In his 2008 book 5688:board of trustees 5503: 5502: 4402:Muslim (estimate) 4303:subjects such as 4257:, or belief that 4157:Roman Catholicism 4128:Hispanic converts 3957:According to the 3839:African Americans 3515: 3514: 3264:Million Man March 3184:Tynnetta Muhammad 3099:Million Man March 2894:According to the 2871:Lyndon B. Johnson 2747:Chicago, Illinois 2672:Turkish immigrant 2607:Benjamin Franklin 2595:Treaty of Tripoli 2581:Treaty of Tripoli 2567:George Washington 2522:Religious freedom 2232:, who arrived at 2204:George Washington 2167:, signed in 1787. 2157:George Washington 2131:Records from the 2112:Mustafa Azemmouri 1933: 1932: 823:Equatorial Guinea 710: 709: 640:Deobandi jihadism 16:(Redirected from 19643: 19626:Islam by country 19598: 19597: 19590:Islam portal 19588: 19587: 19586: 19368: 19367: 19360: 19354: 19353: 19195:Medieval science 19138: 19137: 19128: 19122: 19121: 18779:Economic history 18762: 18761: 18738: 18737: 18724:Islam by country 18509:Bektashi Alevism 18147: 18146: 18138:Outline of Islam 18120: 18113: 18106: 18097: 18096: 17882:Tongan Americans 17877:Samoan Americans 17867:Native Hawaiians 17847:Fijian Americans 17749:Central America 17309:Native Americans 17254:Slovak Americans 17227:Danish Americans 17197:Polish Americans 17125:German Americans 17108:French Americans 17016:Basque Americans 16966:Lezgin Americans 16954:Jewish Americans 16912:Yemeni Americans 16907:Syrian Americans 16897:Qatari Americans 16833:Romani Americans 16741:Sindhi Americans 16714:Telugu Americans 16704:Sindhi Americans 16679:Indian Americans 16630:Korean Americans 16577:Uyghur Americans 16562:Kyrgyz Americans 16557:Kazakh Americans 16552:Baloch Americans 16540:Afghan Americans 16498:Coptic Americans 16481:Libyan Americans 16471:Berber Americans 16455:Yoruba Americans 16428:Malian Americans 16329:Somali Americans 16324:Kenyan Americans 16158: 16157: 16151:By continent and 15922:Household income 15865: 15858: 15851: 15842: 15841: 15756:Saint Barthélemy 15716:Falkland Islands 15661: 15453: 15446: 15439: 15430: 15429: 15418:Washington, D.C. 15344: 15337: 15330: 15321: 15320: 15133: 15126: 15119: 15110: 15109: 15105: 14805:Islam in America 14793: 14704: 14675:(2007), 472 pp. 14660: 14659: 14657: 14655: 14650:. April 30, 2018 14640: 14627: 14617: 14611: 14608:Associated Press 14601: 14595: 14580: 14574: 14573: 14571: 14569: 14549: 14543: 14542: 14531: 14525: 14524: 14522: 14520: 14505: 14499: 14498: 14487: 14481: 14480: 14478: 14476: 14448: 14442: 14441: 14439: 14437: 14422: 14416: 14415: 14407: 14401: 14400: 14398: 14396: 14377: 14371: 14370: 14368: 14366: 14346: 14340: 14339: 14337: 14335: 14330:. March 17, 2007 14320: 14314: 14313: 14311: 14309: 14294: 14288: 14287: 14285: 14283: 14264: 14258: 14257: 14241: 14235: 14234: 14232: 14230: 14215: 14209: 14208: 14206: 14204: 14185: 14179: 14178: 14170: 14159: 14157: 14146: 14137: 14136: 14132:RAND Corporation 14126: 14120: 14119: 14117: 14115: 14100: 14094: 14093: 14091: 14089: 14074: 14061: 14060: 14058: 14056: 14041: 14035: 14022: 14016: 14003: 13997: 13996: 13994: 13992: 13977: 13971: 13970: 13968: 13966: 13950: 13944: 13943: 13931: 13925: 13924: 13922: 13920: 13914: 13908:. Archived from 13907: 13899: 13893: 13892: 13883:(9): 1775–1799. 13872: 13866: 13865: 13854: 13845: 13844: 13842: 13840: 13825: 13819: 13818: 13817:. July 26, 2017. 13807: 13798: 13797: 13795: 13793: 13774: 13768: 13767: 13763: 13761: 13750: 13742: 13721: 13720: 13718: 13716: 13702: 13696: 13695: 13693: 13691: 13677: 13671: 13670: 13668: 13661: 13653: 13647: 13646: 13644: 13642: 13637:. September 2021 13627: 13621: 13620: 13618: 13616: 13601: 13595: 13594: 13592: 13590: 13571: 13565: 13564: 13562: 13560: 13545: 13539: 13523: 13517: 13500: 13494: 13493: 13491: 13489: 13474: 13468: 13451: 13440: 13439: 13437: 13435: 13418: 13412: 13406: 13404: 13402: 13386: 13380: 13374: 13372: 13370: 13361:. Archived from 13354: 13348: 13347: 13336: 13330: 13329: 13327: 13325: 13310: 13304: 13303: 13301: 13299: 13284: 13278: 13277: 13275: 13273: 13266:The Conversation 13256: 13250: 13249: 13247: 13245: 13230: 13224: 13223: 13221: 13219: 13203: 13197: 13195: 13193: 13191: 13170: 13164: 13162: 13160: 13158: 13143: 13137: 13136: 13134: 13132: 13117: 13111: 13110: 13108: 13106: 13097:. Archived from 13091: 13085: 13084: 13082: 13080: 13065: 13059: 13058: 13047: 13041: 13040: 13038: 13036: 13030: 13019: 13011: 13005: 13004: 13002: 13000: 12985: 12979: 12978: 12976: 12974: 12959: 12953: 12952: 12950: 12948: 12934: 12928: 12927: 12922:. Archived from 12916: 12910: 12909: 12907: 12905: 12896:. Msa-natl.org. 12890: 12884: 12883: 12882:on June 6, 2005. 12878:. Archived from 12872: 12866: 12865:, August 8, 2011 12848: 12842: 12824: 12818: 12804: 12798: 12780: 12774: 12773: 12771: 12769: 12754: 12748: 12747: 12745: 12743: 12728: 12722: 12721: 12710: 12704: 12703: 12701: 12699: 12684: 12678: 12677: 12675: 12673: 12659: 12653: 12652: 12640: 12634: 12633: 12621: 12615: 12614: 12608: 12606: 12594: 12588: 12587: 12585: 12583: 12578:. April 30, 2018 12568: 12553: 12552: 12540: 12534: 12533: 12517: 12511: 12510: 12508: 12506: 12501:. March 21, 2017 12491: 12480: 12479: 12477: 12475: 12460: 12454: 12453: 12442: 12436: 12435: 12420: 12414: 12413: 12411: 12409: 12394: 12388: 12387: 12385: 12383: 12368: 12362: 12360: 12358: 12356: 12345:"After 11 years" 12341: 12335: 12333: 12331: 12329: 12308: 12302: 12301: 12294: 12288: 12287: 12265: 12259: 12258: 12256: 12254: 12237: 12231: 12230: 12228: 12226: 12211: 12205: 12204: 12192: 12181: 12180: 12178: 12176: 12164:Cluskey, Peter. 12161: 12155: 12154: 12152: 12150: 12135: 12129: 12128: 12126: 12124: 12117:Harvard Magazine 12107: 12101: 12100: 12098: 12096: 12081: 12075: 12074: 12072: 12070: 12055: 12049: 12042: 12036: 12035: 12027: 12021: 12020: 12018: 12016: 12011:. March 21, 2017 12001: 11992: 11991: 11989: 11987: 11981: 11975:. Archived from 11970: 11962: 11956: 11955: 11953: 11951: 11936: 11930: 11929: 11927: 11925: 11913: 11907: 11906: 11904: 11902: 11891: 11885: 11884: 11882: 11880: 11864: 11858: 11857: 11855: 11853: 11837: 11831: 11830: 11828: 11826: 11812: 11806: 11805: 11803: 11801: 11787: 11776: 11775: 11773: 11771: 11756: 11750: 11749: 11747: 11745: 11731: 11725: 11724: 11693:Zaidi, Anita K.M 11688: 11682: 11681: 11679: 11677: 11671: 11660: 11651: 11645: 11644: 11634: 11602: 11596: 11595: 11575: 11569: 11568: 11566: 11564: 11545: 11539: 11538: 11536: 11534: 11529:on June 10, 2007 11525:. Archived from 11515: 11509: 11508: 11506: 11504: 11493:The Boston Globe 11484: 11478: 11477: 11475: 11473: 11467: 11460: 11452: 11446: 11445: 11443: 11441: 11435: 11424: 11416: 11405: 11392: 11386: 11373: 11367: 11366: 11364: 11362: 11352: 11346: 11333: 11327: 11310: 11304: 11303: 11301: 11299: 11293: 11286: 11277: 11271: 11248: 11242: 11241: 11239: 11237: 11215: 11209: 11208: 11206: 11204: 11182: 11176: 11175: 11173: 11171: 11156: 11150: 11149: 11147: 11145: 11130: 11124: 11115: 11109: 11108: 11101: 11095: 11076: 11070: 11064: 11058: 11057: 11055: 11053: 11038: 11032: 11031: 11029: 11027: 11012: 11006: 11005: 11003: 11001: 10995: 10988: 10980: 10974: 10961: 10955: 10954: 10949:. Archived from 10943: 10937: 10936: 10934: 10932: 10916: 10910: 10909: 10907: 10905: 10882: 10876: 10875: 10863: 10854: 10853: 10841: 10832: 10829: 10823: 10820: 10814: 10811: 10805: 10804: 10784: 10774: 10768: 10767: 10747: 10737: 10731: 10730: 10728: 10726: 10712: 10706: 10703: 10697: 10696: 10690: 10688: 10679:. Archived from 10672: 10666: 10665: 10664:on May 29, 2010. 10660:. Archived from 10650: 10641: 10640: 10628: 10622: 10616: 10610: 10609: 10589: 10580: 10574: 10568: 10562: 10556: 10555: 10535: 10529: 10516: 10510: 10504: 10498: 10497: 10477: 10467: 10461: 10442: 10436: 10435: 10433: 10431: 10411: 10405: 10404: 10402: 10400: 10381: 10372: 10371: 10369: 10367: 10358:. Archived from 10348: 10342: 10341: 10336:. Archived from 10325: 10319: 10313: 10307: 10293: 10287: 10286: 10267: 10261: 10260: 10249: 10243: 10242: 10234: 10228: 10217: 10211: 10210: 10182: 10176: 10175: 10173: 10171: 10152: 10146: 10143: 10137: 10136: 10134: 10132: 10113: 10107: 10094: 10088: 10087: 10085: 10083: 10069: 10063: 10062: 10050: 10044: 10043: 10041: 10039: 10030:. Archived from 10024: 10018: 10017: 10012:. Archived from 10001: 9995: 9992: 9986: 9985: 9974: 9968: 9967: 9964:Bedford + Bowery 9956: 9950: 9949: 9947: 9945: 9926: 9920: 9919:(1995) pp. 57–59 9913: 9907: 9900: 9894: 9893: 9891: 9889: 9874: 9868: 9867: 9865: 9863: 9848: 9842: 9841: 9839: 9837: 9822: 9816: 9803: 9797: 9796: 9794: 9792: 9783:. Archived from 9768: 9762: 9755: 9749: 9731: 9725: 9718: 9712: 9711: 9683: 9674: 9673: 9645: 9639: 9638: 9636: 9634: 9629: 9621: 9615: 9614: 9602: 9591: 9590: 9572: 9566: 9565: 9517: 9511: 9510: 9456: 9450: 9449: 9447: 9445: 9431: 9425: 9424: 9422: 9420: 9406: 9400: 9393: 9387: 9386: 9378: 9367: 9366: 9364: 9362: 9353:. Islam101.com. 9346: 9340: 9327: 9321: 9320: 9318: 9316: 9310: 9303: 9295: 9289: 9288: 9286: 9284: 9269: 9263: 9262: 9260: 9258: 9243: 9234: 9233: 9231: 9229: 9209: 9203: 9202: 9183: 9174: 9173: 9171: 9169: 9154: 9148: 9129: 9123: 9122: 9120: 9118: 9109:. Archived from 9098: 9092: 9091: 9090: 9088: 9083:on April 4, 2013 9071: 9065: 9064: 9062: 9060: 9038: 9032: 9031: 9029: 9027: 9004: 8998: 8997: 8995: 8993: 8973: 8967: 8966: 8964: 8962: 8939: 8933: 8932: 8930: 8928: 8908: 8902: 8901: 8899: 8897: 8882: 8876: 8870: 8864: 8863: 8861: 8859: 8845: 8839: 8838: 8836: 8834: 8819: 8813: 8812: 8794: 8788: 8787: 8769: 8763: 8762: 8760: 8758: 8743: 8737: 8736: 8734: 8732: 8718: 8709: 8708: 8706: 8704: 8699:. March 21, 2017 8689: 8680: 8679: 8677: 8675: 8660: 8654: 8640: 8634: 8633: 8631: 8629: 8614: 8605: 8604: 8602: 8600: 8580: 8571: 8570: 8568: 8566: 8543: 8537: 8536: 8534: 8532: 8517: 8511: 8510: 8508: 8506: 8495: 8476: 8469: 8460: 8453: 8447: 8446: 8441: 8439: 8419: 8410: 8409: 8407: 8405: 8389: 8383: 8376: 8365: 8364: 8362: 8360: 8346: 8340: 8339: 8337: 8335: 8320: 8311: 8310: 8308: 8306: 8287: 8272: 8269: 8263: 8260: 8234:Religious school 8193: 8188: 8187: 8186: 8179: 8174: 8173: 8172: 8155: 8149: 8143: 8137: 8040: 8034: 7823: 7819: 7634: 7630: 7621:Muslim Americans 7365:suicide bombings 7349:suicide bombings 7344:suicide bombings 7217:Democratic Party 7118: 7117: 6919:law enforcement 6809: 6808: 6725:Project Downtown 6622:Muslims for Bush 6577:Washington, D.C. 6366:Black separatist 6208: 6204: 6017:. The first was 6015:Democratic Party 5953:Ommaya reservoir 5941:- commissioner, 5884:Hasim Rahman Jr. 5490: 5488: 5487: 5469: 5467: 5466: 5448: 5446: 5445: 5427: 5425: 5424: 5406: 5404: 5403: 5385: 5383: 5382: 5364: 5362: 5361: 5343: 5341: 5340: 5322: 5320: 5319: 5301: 5299: 5298: 5280: 5278: 5277: 5259: 5257: 5256: 5238: 5236: 5235: 5217: 5215: 5214: 5196: 5194: 5193: 5175: 5173: 5172: 5154: 5152: 5151: 5133: 5131: 5130: 5112: 5110: 5109: 5091: 5089: 5088: 5070: 5068: 5067: 5049: 5047: 5046: 5028: 5026: 5025: 5007: 5005: 5004: 4986: 4984: 4983: 4965: 4963: 4962: 4944: 4942: 4941: 4923: 4921: 4920: 4902: 4900: 4899: 4881: 4879: 4878: 4860: 4858: 4857: 4839: 4837: 4836: 4818: 4816: 4815: 4797: 4795: 4794: 4776: 4774: 4773: 4755: 4753: 4752: 4734: 4732: 4731: 4713: 4711: 4710: 4692: 4690: 4689: 4671: 4669: 4668: 4650: 4648: 4647: 4629: 4627: 4626: 4608: 4606: 4605: 4587: 4585: 4584: 4566: 4564: 4563: 4545: 4543: 4542: 4524: 4522: 4521: 4503: 4501: 4500: 4482: 4480: 4479: 4461: 4459: 4458: 4440: 4438: 4437: 4419: 4417: 4416: 4395: 4394: 4347:, especially in 4120:African American 3938:formed in 1930. 3928:African American 3751:Quranic movement 3507: 3500: 3493: 3479: 3478: 3472: 3468:Islam portal 3466: 3465: 3464: 3398:Nuwaubian Nation 3393:Nation of Yahweh 3241:Tribe of Shabazz 3237: 3189:Ishmael Muhammad 3109: 3108: 3103:Washington, D.C. 3022:, leader of the 2942:pseudohistorical 2785:Biddeford, Maine 2781:Albanian Muslims 2615:Thomas Jefferson 2503: 2487: 2471: 2272:; a copy of the 2208:Thomas Jefferson 2176: 2152: 2063:. Conversion to 1925: 1918: 1911: 1899:Islam portal 1897: 1896: 1895: 1856:Papua New Guinea 1821:Marshall Islands 1791:Christmas Island 1754:Northern Ireland 726: 716:Islam by country 712: 711: 702: 695: 688: 674:Islam portal 672: 671: 670: 70: 47: 46: 21: 19651: 19650: 19646: 19645: 19644: 19642: 19641: 19640: 19611: 19610: 19609: 19604: 19584: 19582: 19566: 19488:Cultural Muslim 19459: 19426: 19372:Other religions 19362: 19358: 19340: 19275: 19242: 19189: 19132: 19130:Islamic studies 19126: 19108: 18942: 18887: 18864: 18811: 18756: 18755: 18728: 18677:Moral teachings 18620: 18602: 18576:Nation of Islam 18489:Twelver Shi'ism 18426: 18392:Religious texts 18386: 18304:Early conquests 18287: 18269: 18221: 18141: 18130: 18124: 18094: 18085: 18032: 17974: 17903: 17823: 17790:Cuban Americans 17431:Mission Indians 17297: 17276:Swiss Americans 17140:Irish Americans 17130:Greek Americans 17093:Dutch Americans 17088:Czech Americans 17061:Welsh Americans 16996:White Americans 16982: 16902:Saudi Americans 16887:Omani Americans 16867:Iraqi Americans 16789:Hmong Americans 16772:Karen Americans 16753:Tamil Americans 16709:Tamil Americans 16611:Hoklo Americans 16606:Hakka Americans 16582:Uzbek Americans 16567:Tajik Americans 16523:Asian Americans 16511: 16153:ethnic ancestry 16152: 16145: 16111:Native American 16099:Nation of Islam 16089:Five Percenters 16013: 15982:Racial wage gap 15972:Race and health 15957:Personal income 15889: 15883: 15874: 15869: 15839: 15834: 15809:Central America 15795: 15670: 15662: 15653: 15470: 15463: 15457: 15427: 15422: 15354: 15348: 15318: 15313: 15295: 15276: 15247: 15189: 15173: 15142: 15137: 15008:Wayback Machine 14993:Wayback Machine 14973:Wayback Machine 14958:Wayback Machine 14907:DinarStandard: 14902:Wayback Machine 14837:Wayback Machine 14814: 14803:Smith, Jane I; 14790: 14711:(2010), 715 pp. 14701: 14685: 14683:Further reading 14668: 14666:Primary sources 14663: 14653: 14651: 14642: 14641: 14630: 14618: 14614: 14610:, July 18, 2007 14602: 14598: 14590:Wayback Machine 14581: 14577: 14567: 14565: 14550: 14546: 14533: 14532: 14528: 14518: 14516: 14507: 14506: 14502: 14489: 14488: 14484: 14474: 14472: 14449: 14445: 14435: 14433: 14424: 14423: 14419: 14408: 14404: 14394: 14392: 14385:Washington Post 14379: 14378: 14374: 14364: 14362: 14347: 14343: 14333: 14331: 14322: 14321: 14317: 14307: 14305: 14296: 14295: 14291: 14281: 14279: 14266: 14265: 14261: 14242: 14238: 14228: 14226: 14217: 14216: 14212: 14202: 14200: 14187: 14186: 14182: 14171: 14162: 14148: 14147: 14140: 14127: 14123: 14113: 14111: 14102: 14101: 14097: 14087: 14085: 14076: 14075: 14064: 14054: 14052: 14043: 14042: 14038: 14032:Wayback Machine 14023: 14019: 14013:Wayback Machine 14004: 14000: 13990: 13988: 13979: 13978: 13974: 13964: 13962: 13951: 13947: 13932: 13928: 13918: 13916: 13912: 13905: 13901: 13900: 13896: 13873: 13869: 13856: 13855: 13848: 13838: 13836: 13827: 13826: 13822: 13809: 13808: 13801: 13791: 13789: 13776: 13775: 13771: 13765: 13759: 13748: 13744: 13743: 13724: 13714: 13712: 13704: 13703: 13699: 13689: 13687: 13679: 13678: 13674: 13666: 13659: 13655: 13654: 13650: 13640: 13638: 13629: 13628: 13624: 13614: 13612: 13603: 13602: 13598: 13588: 13586: 13573: 13572: 13568: 13558: 13556: 13555:. July 23, 2019 13547: 13546: 13542: 13533:Wayback Machine 13524: 13520: 13516:. December 2005 13510:Wayback Machine 13501: 13497: 13487: 13485: 13476: 13475: 13471: 13467:. July 26, 2005 13461:Wayback Machine 13452: 13443: 13433: 13431: 13419: 13415: 13411:, July 28, 2011 13400: 13398: 13389: 13387: 13383: 13368: 13366: 13357: 13355: 13351: 13338: 13337: 13333: 13323: 13321: 13312: 13311: 13307: 13297: 13295: 13286: 13285: 13281: 13271: 13269: 13257: 13253: 13243: 13241: 13231: 13227: 13217: 13215: 13204: 13200: 13189: 13187: 13172: 13171: 13167: 13156: 13154: 13145: 13144: 13140: 13130: 13128: 13119: 13118: 13114: 13104: 13102: 13093: 13092: 13088: 13078: 13076: 13067: 13066: 13062: 13049: 13048: 13044: 13034: 13032: 13028: 13017: 13013: 13012: 13008: 12998: 12996: 12987: 12986: 12982: 12972: 12970: 12963:"Official site" 12961: 12960: 12956: 12946: 12944: 12936: 12935: 12931: 12918: 12917: 12913: 12903: 12901: 12892: 12891: 12887: 12874: 12873: 12869: 12863:The Star-Ledger 12859:Wayback Machine 12849: 12845: 12835:Wayback Machine 12825: 12821: 12815:The Star-Ledger 12805: 12801: 12795:Tampa Bay Times 12791:Wayback Machine 12781: 12777: 12767: 12765: 12756: 12755: 12751: 12741: 12739: 12730: 12729: 12725: 12712: 12711: 12707: 12697: 12695: 12685: 12681: 12671: 12669: 12661: 12660: 12656: 12641: 12637: 12622: 12618: 12604: 12602: 12595: 12591: 12581: 12579: 12570: 12569: 12556: 12549:The Independent 12541: 12537: 12518: 12514: 12504: 12502: 12493: 12492: 12483: 12473: 12471: 12462: 12461: 12457: 12450:Euro Islam Info 12444: 12443: 12439: 12422: 12421: 12417: 12407: 12405: 12396: 12395: 12391: 12381: 12379: 12369: 12365: 12354: 12352: 12343: 12342: 12338: 12327: 12325: 12310: 12309: 12305: 12296: 12295: 12291: 12266: 12262: 12252: 12250: 12239: 12238: 12234: 12224: 12222: 12212: 12208: 12193: 12184: 12174: 12172: 12170:The Irish Times 12162: 12158: 12148: 12146: 12136: 12132: 12122: 12120: 12108: 12104: 12094: 12092: 12083: 12082: 12078: 12068: 12066: 12057: 12056: 12052: 12043: 12039: 12028: 12024: 12014: 12012: 12003: 12002: 11995: 11985: 11983: 11979: 11968: 11964: 11963: 11959: 11949: 11947: 11937: 11933: 11923: 11921: 11914: 11910: 11900: 11898: 11892: 11888: 11878: 11876: 11865: 11861: 11851: 11849: 11838: 11834: 11824: 11822: 11814: 11813: 11809: 11799: 11797: 11789: 11788: 11779: 11769: 11767: 11758: 11757: 11753: 11743: 11741: 11733: 11732: 11728: 11691:Shafqat, Saad; 11689: 11685: 11675: 11673: 11669: 11658: 11652: 11648: 11603: 11599: 11592: 11576: 11572: 11562: 11560: 11553:pewresearch.org 11547: 11546: 11542: 11532: 11530: 11517: 11516: 11512: 11502: 11500: 11485: 11481: 11471: 11469: 11465: 11458: 11454: 11453: 11449: 11439: 11437: 11433: 11422: 11418: 11417: 11408: 11402:Wayback Machine 11393: 11389: 11383:Wayback Machine 11374: 11370: 11360: 11358: 11354: 11353: 11349: 11343:Wayback Machine 11334: 11330: 11321:Wayback Machine 11311: 11307: 11297: 11295: 11291: 11284: 11278: 11274: 11250:Dooley, Tara. " 11249: 11245: 11235: 11233: 11216: 11212: 11202: 11200: 11192:Foreign Affairs 11183: 11179: 11169: 11167: 11158: 11157: 11153: 11143: 11141: 11132: 11131: 11127: 11116: 11112: 11103: 11102: 11098: 11086:Wayback Machine 11077: 11073: 11065: 11061: 11051: 11049: 11040: 11039: 11035: 11025: 11023: 11014: 11013: 11009: 10999: 10997: 10993: 10986: 10982: 10981: 10977: 10972:Wayback Machine 10962: 10958: 10945: 10944: 10940: 10930: 10928: 10927:on May 27, 2012 10917: 10913: 10903: 10901: 10883: 10879: 10864: 10857: 10842: 10835: 10830: 10826: 10821: 10817: 10812: 10808: 10793: 10775: 10771: 10756: 10738: 10734: 10724: 10722: 10714: 10713: 10709: 10704: 10700: 10686: 10684: 10673: 10669: 10652: 10651: 10644: 10629: 10625: 10617: 10613: 10606: 10590: 10583: 10577:Shia in America 10575: 10571: 10563: 10559: 10552: 10536: 10532: 10526:Wayback Machine 10517: 10513: 10505: 10501: 10486: 10468: 10464: 10453:Wayback Machine 10443: 10439: 10429: 10427: 10412: 10408: 10398: 10396: 10383: 10382: 10375: 10365: 10363: 10350: 10349: 10345: 10326: 10322: 10314: 10310: 10304:Wayback Machine 10294: 10290: 10271:Lomax, Louis E. 10268: 10264: 10251: 10250: 10246: 10235: 10231: 10218: 10214: 10199: 10183: 10179: 10169: 10167: 10154: 10153: 10149: 10144: 10140: 10130: 10128: 10115: 10114: 10110: 10104:Wayback Machine 10095: 10091: 10081: 10079: 10071: 10070: 10066: 10051: 10047: 10037: 10035: 10026: 10025: 10021: 10002: 9998: 9993: 9989: 9976: 9975: 9971: 9958: 9957: 9953: 9943: 9941: 9928: 9927: 9923: 9914: 9910: 9901: 9897: 9887: 9885: 9876: 9875: 9871: 9861: 9859: 9850: 9849: 9845: 9835: 9833: 9824: 9823: 9819: 9813:Wayback Machine 9804: 9800: 9790: 9788: 9769: 9765: 9756: 9752: 9746:Wayback Machine 9732: 9728: 9719: 9715: 9700:10.2307/2211064 9684: 9677: 9662:10.2307/2211064 9646: 9642: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9623: 9622: 9618: 9603: 9594: 9587: 9573: 9569: 9562: 9518: 9514: 9499: 9457: 9453: 9443: 9441: 9439:Washington Post 9433: 9432: 9428: 9418: 9416: 9408: 9407: 9403: 9394: 9390: 9379: 9370: 9360: 9358: 9347: 9343: 9337:Wayback Machine 9328: 9324: 9314: 9312: 9308: 9301: 9297: 9296: 9292: 9282: 9280: 9271: 9270: 9266: 9256: 9254: 9245: 9244: 9237: 9227: 9225: 9210: 9206: 9199: 9185: 9184: 9177: 9167: 9165: 9156: 9155: 9151: 9147:August 15, 2004 9139:Wayback Machine 9130: 9126: 9116: 9114: 9099: 9095: 9086: 9084: 9073: 9072: 9068: 9058: 9056: 9054: 9040: 9039: 9035: 9025: 9023: 9021: 9005: 9001: 8991: 8989: 8974: 8970: 8960: 8958: 8956: 8940: 8936: 8926: 8924: 8909: 8905: 8895: 8893: 8883: 8879: 8871: 8867: 8857: 8855: 8847: 8846: 8842: 8832: 8830: 8829:. July 26, 2017 8821: 8820: 8816: 8809: 8795: 8791: 8784: 8770: 8766: 8756: 8754: 8744: 8740: 8730: 8728: 8720: 8719: 8712: 8702: 8700: 8691: 8690: 8683: 8673: 8671: 8662: 8661: 8657: 8651:Wayback Machine 8641: 8637: 8627: 8625: 8616: 8615: 8608: 8598: 8596: 8581: 8574: 8564: 8562: 8544: 8540: 8530: 8528: 8519: 8518: 8514: 8504: 8502: 8497: 8496: 8479: 8470: 8463: 8454: 8450: 8437: 8435: 8420: 8413: 8403: 8401: 8390: 8386: 8377: 8368: 8358: 8356: 8348: 8347: 8343: 8333: 8331: 8322: 8321: 8314: 8304: 8302: 8289: 8288: 8284: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8266: 8261: 8257: 8253: 8204:Islam in Canada 8189: 8184: 8182: 8175: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8160: 8159: 8153: 8147: 8141: 8135: 8131: 8130: 8129: 8126: 8123: 8120: 8117: 8114: 8110: 8109: 8106: 8103: 8100: 8097: 8094: 8091: 8088: 8085: 8082: 8075: 8045: 8044: 8038: 8032: 8028: 8027: 8026: 8023: 8020: 8017: 8014: 8011: 8007: 8006: 8003: 8000: 7997: 7994: 7991: 7988: 7985: 7978: 7904:Makes me proud 7847:General Public 7844:Non-Affiliated 7658:General Public 7655:Non-Affiliated 7629: 7533:, June 10, 2017 7519: 7513: 7456: 7450: 7389:Afghanistan war 7331: 7251: 7238: 7187: 7174: 7161: 7148: 7140: 7133: 7116: 6977: 6964: 6952: 6918: 6905: 6873: 6839: 6803: 6798: 6786: 6749: 6680: 6524: 6512:Nation of Islam 6496:by volunteers. 6458:Tucson, Arizona 6369:Nation of Islam 6358:Nation of Islam 6337:with classical 6323: 6304: 6192:Somerset County 6176:Muslim American 6154:in January 2024 6118:Hillary Clinton 6055:(pictured) and 6027: 6007: 5984: 5975:Paul L. Modrich 5939:Shereef Elnahal 5935: 5920:Husain Abdullah 5908:Azeez Al-Shaair 5902:Rasheed Wallace 5896:Alhaji Mohammed 5796: 5751: 5739: 5709:jurisprudence ( 5706: 5704:World Hijab Day 5696: 5646: 5638: 5621:Little Istanbul 5615:Little Ramallah 5515: 5509: 5504: 5485: 5483: 5464: 5462: 5443: 5441: 5422: 5420: 5401: 5399: 5380: 5378: 5359: 5357: 5338: 5336: 5317: 5315: 5296: 5294: 5275: 5273: 5254: 5252: 5233: 5231: 5212: 5210: 5191: 5189: 5170: 5168: 5149: 5147: 5128: 5126: 5107: 5105: 5086: 5084: 5065: 5063: 5044: 5042: 5023: 5021: 5002: 5000: 4981: 4979: 4960: 4958: 4939: 4937: 4918: 4916: 4897: 4895: 4876: 4874: 4855: 4853: 4834: 4832: 4813: 4811: 4792: 4790: 4771: 4769: 4750: 4748: 4729: 4727: 4708: 4706: 4687: 4685: 4666: 4664: 4645: 4643: 4624: 4622: 4603: 4601: 4582: 4580: 4561: 4559: 4540: 4538: 4519: 4517: 4498: 4496: 4477: 4475: 4456: 4454: 4435: 4433: 4414: 4412: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4389: 4242: 4213:) and 2% Shia. 4148: 4112: 3990:Upper East Side 3971:Elijah Muhammad 3951: 3936:Nation of Islam 3889: 3879: 3871:Ismaili Muslims 3863:Mahdavi Muslims 3855: 3800: 3794: 3781: 3753: 3728: 3720:Twelver Shi'ism 3659:, United States 3649: 3643: 3635:Louis Farrakhan 3591: 3582: 3576: 3543:section of the 3537: 3531: 3511: 3473: 3470: 3462: 3460: 3455: 3454: 3411: 3403: 3402: 3373: 3365: 3364: 3335: 3327: 3326: 3307:Muhammad Speaks 3287: 3279: 3278: 3274:Justice or Else 3259: 3251: 3250: 3233: 3224: 3214: 3213: 3209:Khalid Muhammad 3179:Louis Farrakhan 3164:Elijah Muhammad 3154: 3146: 3145: 3131: 3122:Nation of Islam 3049:Elijah Muhammad 3038:Nation of Islam 3034: 3032:Nation of Islam 3024:Nation of Islam 3020:Louis Farrakhan 3013: 3011:Nation of Islam 2959: 2953: 2926: 2916: 2892: 2800:Al-Sadiq Mosque 2743:Bosnian Muslims 2665: 2660: 2524: 2517: 2504: 2495: 2488: 2479: 2472: 2375: 2358:Achmed Abdullah 2262: 2254:Bilali Document 2190: 2177: 2168: 2153: 2129: 2108: 2082: 2077: 2053:Nation of Islam 1946:(1.1%), behind 1929: 1893: 1891: 1886: 1885: 1866:Solomon Islands 1781: 1771: 1770: 1667:North Macedonia 1517: 1507: 1506: 1322: 1312: 1311: 1045: 1035: 1034: 743: 733: 706: 668: 666: 659: 658: 635:Salafi jihadism 593:Other religions 588:Arabic language 550: 540: 539: 468:Moral teachings 359: 345: 344: 335:Spread of Islam 280: 270: 269: 257:(jurisprudence) 239:Qisas al-Anbiya 188: 187: 167: 166: 135: 125: 124: 80: 43: 23: 22: 18:American Muslim 15: 12: 11: 5: 19649: 19639: 19638: 19633: 19628: 19623: 19606: 19605: 19603: 19602: 19592: 19579: 19576: 19575: 19572: 19571: 19568: 19567: 19565: 19564: 19559: 19554: 19549: 19544: 19539: 19534: 19529: 19524: 19523: 19522: 19512: 19511: 19510: 19505: 19500: 19490: 19485: 19484: 19483: 19478: 19467: 19465: 19464:Related topics 19461: 19460: 19458: 19457: 19452: 19447: 19442: 19436: 19434: 19428: 19427: 19425: 19424: 19419: 19414: 19409: 19404: 19399: 19398: 19397: 19392: 19387: 19376: 19374: 19364: 19363: 19350: 19349: 19346: 19345: 19342: 19341: 19339: 19338: 19333: 19326: 19321: 19320: 19319: 19309: 19304: 19299: 19294: 19289: 19283: 19281: 19277: 19276: 19274: 19273: 19268: 19263: 19258: 19252: 19250: 19244: 19243: 19241: 19240: 19235: 19230: 19225: 19220: 19215: 19210: 19205: 19199: 19197: 19191: 19190: 19188: 19187: 19182: 19177: 19172: 19167: 19162: 19157: 19152: 19146: 19144: 19134: 19133: 19118: 19117: 19114: 19113: 19110: 19109: 19107: 19106: 19101: 19100: 19099: 19087: 19085:Sources of law 19082: 19077: 19076: 19075: 19065: 19058: 19053: 19046: 19041: 19034: 19029: 19024: 19019: 19014: 19009: 19004: 18999: 18992: 18985: 18984: 18983: 18978: 18973: 18963: 18958: 18950: 18948: 18944: 18943: 18941: 18940: 18933: 18926: 18919: 18912: 18905: 18898: 18890: 18888: 18886: 18885: 18880: 18875: 18869: 18866: 18865: 18863: 18862: 18855: 18850: 18843: 18836: 18829: 18821: 18819: 18813: 18812: 18810: 18809: 18802: 18795: 18788: 18781: 18776: 18770: 18768: 18758: 18757: 18754: 18753: 18748: 18742: 18734: 18733: 18730: 18729: 18727: 18726: 18721: 18716: 18711: 18709:Social welfare 18706: 18701: 18694: 18689: 18684: 18679: 18674: 18669: 18664: 18659: 18654: 18649: 18644: 18639: 18634: 18629: 18623: 18621: 18619: 18618: 18613: 18607: 18604: 18603: 18601: 18600: 18595: 18590: 18589: 18588: 18578: 18573: 18572: 18571: 18566: 18565: 18564: 18559: 18558: 18557: 18552: 18547: 18534: 18520: 18519: 18518: 18513: 18512: 18511: 18501: 18496: 18491: 18481: 18476: 18475: 18474: 18473: 18472: 18462: 18457: 18452: 18447: 18436: 18434: 18428: 18427: 18425: 18424: 18417: 18412: 18407: 18402: 18396: 18394: 18388: 18387: 18385: 18384: 18383: 18382: 18377: 18372: 18367: 18362: 18357: 18352: 18347: 18335: 18330: 18323: 18316: 18314:Historiography 18311: 18306: 18301: 18296: 18290: 18288: 18286: 18285: 18280: 18274: 18271: 18270: 18268: 18267: 18260: 18253: 18246: 18239: 18231: 18229: 18223: 18222: 18220: 18219: 18214: 18209: 18202: 18197: 18192: 18187: 18186: 18185: 18175: 18168: 18167: 18166: 18155: 18153: 18143: 18142: 18135: 18132: 18131: 18123: 18122: 18115: 18108: 18100: 18091: 18090: 18087: 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17518: 17508: 17503: 17498: 17493: 17488: 17483: 17478: 17473: 17468: 17463: 17458: 17453: 17448: 17443: 17438: 17428: 17423: 17418: 17413: 17408: 17407: 17406: 17401: 17396: 17391: 17386: 17381: 17371: 17366: 17361: 17356: 17351: 17346: 17341: 17336: 17331: 17326: 17321: 17316: 17305: 17303: 17299: 17298: 17296: 17295: 17290: 17285: 17284: 17283: 17278: 17273: 17272: 17271: 17261: 17256: 17251: 17246: 17245: 17244: 17239: 17234: 17229: 17219: 17214: 17209: 17204: 17199: 17194: 17189: 17184: 17179: 17174: 17169: 17164: 17159: 17154: 17153: 17152: 17142: 17137: 17132: 17127: 17122: 17117: 17116: 17115: 17105: 17100: 17095: 17090: 17085: 17080: 17075: 17070: 17065: 17064: 17063: 17058: 17053: 17051:Manx Americans 17048: 17043: 17033: 17028: 17023: 17018: 17013: 17008: 17003: 16992: 16990: 16984: 16983: 16981: 16980: 16979: 16978: 16973: 16968: 16963: 16962: 16961: 16951: 16946: 16941: 16936: 16931: 16926: 16921: 16916: 16915: 16914: 16909: 16904: 16899: 16894: 16889: 16884: 16879: 16874: 16869: 16864: 16859: 16852:Arab Americans 16843: 16842: 16841: 16840: 16829: 16828: 16827: 16826: 16821: 16819:Thai Americans 16816: 16811: 16806: 16801: 16796: 16791: 16786: 16781: 16776: 16775: 16774: 16762:Southeast Asia 16759: 16758: 16757: 16756: 16755: 16745: 16744: 16743: 16738: 16728: 16723: 16718: 16717: 16716: 16711: 16706: 16701: 16696: 16691: 16686: 16676: 16671: 16670: 16669: 16654: 16653: 16652: 16647: 16642: 16637: 16632: 16627: 16622: 16621: 16620: 16619: 16618: 16613: 16608: 16603: 16586: 16585: 16584: 16579: 16574: 16569: 16564: 16559: 16554: 16549: 16548: 16547: 16532: 16531: 16530: 16519: 16517: 16513: 16512: 16510: 16509: 16508: 16507: 16506: 16505: 16495: 16494: 16493: 16488: 16483: 16478: 16462: 16461: 16460: 16459: 16458: 16457: 16452: 16451: 16450: 16445: 16440: 16435: 16430: 16425: 16420: 16415: 16410: 16405: 16400: 16395: 16390: 16380: 16379: 16378: 16373: 16368: 16363: 16353: 16352: 16351: 16346: 16341: 16336: 16331: 16326: 16321: 16316: 16306: 16304:Igbo Americans 16301: 16299:Fula Americans 16296: 16295: 16294: 16289: 16284: 16279: 16264: 16263: 16262: 16257: 16252: 16251: 16250: 16245: 16240: 16235: 16230: 16225: 16220: 16215: 16210: 16205: 16200: 16195: 16190: 16185: 16164: 16162: 16155: 16147: 16146: 16144: 16143: 16138: 16133: 16131:Scientologists 16128: 16123: 16118: 16113: 16108: 16107: 16106: 16104:Value Creators 16101: 16096: 16091: 16086: 16076: 16071: 16066: 16061: 16060: 16059: 16054: 16049: 16044: 16034: 16029: 16023: 16021: 16015: 16014: 16012: 16011: 16006: 16001: 15996: 15991: 15986: 15985: 15984: 15979: 15974: 15964: 15959: 15954: 15952:Middle classes 15949: 15944: 15939: 15934: 15929: 15924: 15919: 15917:Home-ownership 15914: 15909: 15904: 15899: 15893: 15891: 15885: 15884: 15879: 15876: 15875: 15868: 15867: 15860: 15853: 15845: 15836: 15835: 15833: 15832: 15825: 15823: 15818: 15816: 15811: 15806: 15800: 15797: 15796: 15794: 15793: 15788: 15783: 15778: 15773: 15771:Sint Eustatius 15768: 15763: 15758: 15753: 15748: 15743: 15738: 15733: 15728: 15723: 15718: 15713: 15708: 15706:Cayman Islands 15703: 15698: 15693: 15688: 15683: 15677: 15675: 15664: 15663: 15656: 15654: 15652: 15651: 15646: 15641: 15636: 15631: 15626: 15621: 15616: 15611: 15606: 15601: 15596: 15591: 15586: 15581: 15576: 15571: 15566: 15561: 15556: 15551: 15546: 15541: 15536: 15531: 15526: 15521: 15516: 15511: 15506: 15501: 15496: 15491: 15486: 15481: 15475: 15473: 15465: 15464: 15456: 15455: 15448: 15441: 15433: 15424: 15423: 15421: 15420: 15415: 15410: 15409: 15408: 15403: 15395: 15390: 15389: 15388: 15380: 15379: 15378: 15370: 15365: 15359: 15356: 15355: 15347: 15346: 15339: 15332: 15324: 15315: 15314: 15312: 15311: 15306: 15300: 15297: 15296: 15294: 15293: 15284: 15282: 15278: 15277: 15275: 15274: 15269: 15264: 15258: 15256: 15249: 15248: 15246: 15245: 15240: 15235: 15230: 15225: 15220: 15215: 15210: 15208:American Samoa 15204: 15202: 15191: 15190: 15188: 15187: 15181: 15179: 15175: 15174: 15172: 15171: 15166: 15161: 15156: 15150: 15148: 15144: 15143: 15136: 15135: 15128: 15121: 15113: 15107: 15106: 15091: 15086: 15080: 15079: 15075: 15074: 15066: 15058: 15053: 15040: 15032: 15023: 15015: 15010: 14995: 14983: 14975: 14960: 14948: 14939: 14930: 14922: 14917: 14912: 14904: 14889: 14884: 14878: 14877: 14873: 14872: 14865: 14864: 14860: 14859: 14854: 14849: 14839: 14826: 14825: 14821: 14820: 14813: 14812:External links 14810: 14809: 14808: 14807:(2nd ed. 2009) 14801: 14794: 14788: 14775: 14768: 14750: 14732: 14725: 14715: 14712: 14705: 14700:978-0520297791 14699: 14684: 14681: 14680: 14679: 14667: 14664: 14662: 14661: 14628: 14612: 14596: 14575: 14544: 14526: 14500: 14482: 14443: 14417: 14402: 14372: 14341: 14315: 14289: 14272:newamerica.org 14259: 14236: 14210: 14180: 14160: 14138: 14121: 14095: 14062: 14036: 14017: 13998: 13972: 13945: 13926: 13894: 13867: 13846: 13820: 13799: 13769: 13722: 13697: 13672: 13648: 13622: 13596: 13566: 13540: 13518: 13495: 13469: 13441: 13413: 13409:NBC Washington 13381: 13349: 13331: 13305: 13279: 13251: 13225: 13198: 13165: 13138: 13112: 13086: 13060: 13042: 13006: 12980: 12954: 12929: 12911: 12885: 12867: 12843: 12826:Liane Membis, 12819: 12799: 12775: 12749: 12723: 12705: 12679: 12654: 12635: 12616: 12589: 12554: 12535: 12512: 12481: 12455: 12437: 12415: 12389: 12363: 12336: 12303: 12289: 12260: 12232: 12206: 12182: 12156: 12130: 12102: 12076: 12050: 12037: 12022: 11993: 11957: 11931: 11908: 11886: 11859: 11832: 11807: 11777: 11751: 11726: 11707:(5): 442–443. 11683: 11646: 11617:(7): 629–634. 11597: 11590: 11570: 11540: 11510: 11479: 11447: 11406: 11387: 11368: 11347: 11328: 11305: 11272: 11243: 11210: 11177: 11151: 11134:"Demographics" 11125: 11110: 11096: 11071: 11059: 11033: 11007: 10975: 10956: 10938: 10911: 10877: 10855: 10833: 10824: 10815: 10806: 10792:978-0253343239 10791: 10769: 10755:978-0253343239 10754: 10732: 10707: 10698: 10667: 10642: 10623: 10611: 10604: 10581: 10569: 10557: 10550: 10530: 10511: 10499: 10485:978-0253343239 10484: 10462: 10437: 10406: 10373: 10343: 10320: 10308: 10288: 10262: 10244: 10229: 10212: 10197: 10177: 10147: 10138: 10121:Chicago Reader 10108: 10089: 10064: 10045: 10019: 9996: 9987: 9969: 9951: 9921: 9908: 9895: 9869: 9843: 9817: 9798: 9763: 9750: 9726: 9713: 9675: 9640: 9616: 9592: 9585: 9567: 9560: 9512: 9497: 9451: 9426: 9401: 9388: 9368: 9341: 9322: 9290: 9264: 9235: 9204: 9197: 9175: 9149: 9124: 9093: 9066: 9052: 9033: 9019: 8999: 8968: 8954: 8934: 8903: 8877: 8865: 8840: 8814: 8807: 8789: 8782: 8764: 8738: 8710: 8681: 8655: 8635: 8606: 8572: 8538: 8512: 8477: 8461: 8448: 8411: 8384: 8366: 8341: 8312: 8297:. April 2015. 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8273: 8264: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8248: 8247: 8242: 8236: 8231: 8229:Latino Muslims 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8195: 8194: 8180: 8164: 8161: 8158: 8157: 8151: 8145: 8139: 8132: 8128:Non-Affiliated 8127: 8124: 8121: 8118: 8115: 8112: 8111: 8107: 8104: 8101: 8098: 8095: 8092: 8089: 8086: 8083: 8080: 8079: 8078: 8077: 8043: 8042: 8036: 8029: 8025:Non-Affiliated 8024: 8021: 8018: 8015: 8012: 8009: 8008: 8004: 8001: 7998: 7995: 7992: 7989: 7986: 7983: 7982: 7981: 7980: 7953: 7952: 7949: 7946: 7943: 7940: 7937: 7934: 7931: 7927: 7926: 7923: 7920: 7917: 7914: 7911: 7908: 7905: 7901: 7900: 7897: 7894: 7891: 7888: 7885: 7882: 7879: 7875: 7874: 7871: 7868: 7865: 7862: 7859: 7856: 7853: 7849: 7848: 7845: 7842: 7839: 7836: 7833: 7830: 7827: 7816: 7815: 7812: 7809: 7806: 7803: 7800: 7797: 7794: 7790: 7789: 7786: 7783: 7780: 7777: 7774: 7771: 7768: 7764: 7763: 7760: 7757: 7754: 7751: 7748: 7745: 7742: 7738: 7737: 7734: 7731: 7728: 7725: 7722: 7719: 7716: 7712: 7711: 7708: 7705: 7702: 7699: 7696: 7693: 7690: 7686: 7685: 7682: 7679: 7676: 7673: 7670: 7667: 7664: 7660: 7659: 7656: 7653: 7650: 7647: 7644: 7641: 7638: 7628: 7627:2018 ISPU Poll 7625: 7615:in 2021, when 7589:Reichstag fire 7515:Main article: 7512: 7509: 7452:Main article: 7449: 7446: 7330: 7327: 7259:George W. Bush 7250: 7247: 7237: 7234: 7225:George W. Bush 7196: 7195: 7192: 7189: 7183: 7182: 7179: 7176: 7170: 7169: 7166: 7163: 7157: 7156: 7153: 7150: 7144: 7143: 7136: 7129: 7123: 7122: 7115: 7112: 7083: 7082: 7076: 7070: 7063: 7057: 7047: 7046: 7040: 7034: 7028: 7022: 7016: 7010: 6986: 6985: 6982: 6979: 6973: 6972: 6969: 6966: 6960: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6948: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6938: 6937: 6934: 6931: 6927: 6926: 6923: 6920: 6914: 6913: 6910: 6907: 6901: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6891: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6881: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6869: 6868: 6865: 6862: 6858: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6848: 6847: 6844: 6841: 6835: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6818: 6817: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6785: 6782: 6781: 6780: 6748: 6745: 6744: 6743: 6736: 6729: 6722: 6706:Islamic Relief 6702:Islamic Relief 6699: 6679: 6676: 6675: 6674: 6666: 6651:Passaic County 6647: 6637: 6630:George W. Bush 6626:advocacy group 6619: 6608: 6599:, focusing on 6581: 6565: 6523: 6520: 6322: 6319: 6303: 6300: 6297: 6296: 6293: 6290: 6284: 6283: 6280: 6277: 6271: 6270: 6267: 6264: 6258: 6257: 6254: 6251: 6245: 6244: 6241: 6238: 6232: 6231: 6228: 6225: 6219: 6218: 6215: 6212: 6211:Election year 6035:George W. Bush 6026: 6025:Party politics 6023: 6006: 6003: 6002: 6001: 5995: 5983: 5980: 5979: 5978: 5964: 5962:femtochemistry 5955: 5949:Ayub K. Ommaya 5946: 5934: 5931: 5930: 5929: 5926:Hamza Abdullah 5923: 5917: 5914:Gervonta Davis 5911: 5905: 5899: 5893: 5887: 5881: 5875: 5869: 5863: 5857: 5851: 5845: 5842:Nico Ali Walsh 5839: 5833: 5827: 5824:Ameer Abdullah 5821: 5815: 5812:Belal Muhammad 5809: 5803: 5795: 5792: 5791: 5790: 5784: 5778: 5772: 5762: 5750: 5747: 5738: 5735: 5695: 5692: 5644: 5637: 5634: 5508: 5505: 5501: 5500: 5497: 5494: 5480: 5479: 5476: 5473: 5459: 5458: 5455: 5452: 5438: 5437: 5434: 5431: 5417: 5416: 5413: 5410: 5396: 5395: 5392: 5389: 5375: 5374: 5371: 5368: 5354: 5353: 5350: 5347: 5333: 5332: 5329: 5326: 5312: 5311: 5308: 5305: 5291: 5290: 5287: 5284: 5270: 5269: 5266: 5263: 5249: 5248: 5245: 5242: 5240:South Carolina 5228: 5227: 5224: 5221: 5207: 5206: 5203: 5200: 5186: 5185: 5182: 5179: 5165: 5164: 5161: 5158: 5144: 5143: 5140: 5137: 5123: 5122: 5119: 5116: 5102: 5101: 5098: 5095: 5081: 5080: 5077: 5074: 5060: 5059: 5056: 5053: 5039: 5038: 5035: 5032: 5018: 5017: 5014: 5011: 4997: 4996: 4993: 4990: 4976: 4975: 4972: 4969: 4955: 4954: 4951: 4948: 4934: 4933: 4930: 4927: 4913: 4912: 4909: 4906: 4892: 4891: 4888: 4885: 4871: 4870: 4867: 4864: 4850: 4849: 4846: 4843: 4829: 4828: 4825: 4822: 4808: 4807: 4804: 4801: 4787: 4786: 4783: 4780: 4766: 4765: 4762: 4759: 4745: 4744: 4741: 4738: 4724: 4723: 4720: 4717: 4703: 4702: 4699: 4696: 4682: 4681: 4678: 4675: 4661: 4660: 4657: 4654: 4652:North Carolina 4640: 4639: 4636: 4633: 4619: 4618: 4615: 4612: 4598: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4577: 4576: 4573: 4570: 4556: 4555: 4552: 4549: 4535: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4514: 4513: 4510: 4507: 4493: 4492: 4489: 4486: 4472: 4471: 4468: 4465: 4451: 4450: 4447: 4444: 4430: 4429: 4426: 4423: 4409: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4393: 4388: 4385: 4373:Premier League 4241: 4238: 4147: 4144: 4111: 4108: 4019:Concave-upward 4005:Greater Toledo 3950: 3947: 3878: 3875: 3854: 3851: 3796:Main article: 3793: 3790: 3780: 3777: 3765:Rashad Khalifa 3752: 3749: 3727: 3724: 3642: 3639: 3590: 3587: 3578:Main article: 3575: 3572: 3533:Main article: 3530: 3527: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3509: 3502: 3495: 3487: 3484: 3483: 3457: 3456: 3453: 3452: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3412: 3409: 3408: 3405: 3404: 3401: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3374: 3371: 3370: 3367: 3366: 3363: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3345:Muhammad Farms 3342: 3340:Fruit of Islam 3336: 3333: 3332: 3329: 3328: 3325: 3324: 3317: 3310: 3303: 3300:The Final Call 3296: 3288: 3285: 3284: 3281: 3280: 3277: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3260: 3257: 3256: 3253: 3252: 3249: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3231: 3225: 3220: 3219: 3216: 3215: 3212: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3199:David Muhammad 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3155: 3152: 3151: 3148: 3147: 3144: 3143: 3141:Noble Drew Ali 3138: 3132: 3129: 3128: 3125: 3124: 3118: 3117: 3101:took place in 3030:Main article: 3012: 3009: 2967:Noble Drew Ali 2955:Main article: 2952: 2949: 2932:Noble Drew Ali 2915: 2912: 2891: 2888: 2852: 2851: 2840: 2836: 2833:Abdullah Igram 2821: 2814: 2803: 2788: 2777: 2754: 2735: 2708:Ottoman Empire 2664: 2663:Modern Muslims 2661: 2659: 2656: 2644: 2643: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2518: 2505: 2498: 2496: 2489: 2482: 2480: 2473: 2466: 2374: 2371: 2342:scorched earth 2261: 2258: 2230:Guinea-Conakry 2192: 2191: 2178: 2171: 2169: 2154: 2147: 2128: 2125: 2107: 2104: 2086:African slaves 2081: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2007:Ottoman Empire 1974:). During the 1931: 1930: 1928: 1927: 1920: 1913: 1905: 1902: 1901: 1888: 1887: 1884: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1782: 1777: 1776: 1773: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1767: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1744:United Kingdom 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1700: 1699: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1518: 1513: 1512: 1509: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1323: 1318: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1168: 1167: 1162: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1046: 1041: 1040: 1037: 1036: 1033: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 932: 931: 930: 928:Western Sahara 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 815: 810: 805: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 765: 760: 755: 750: 744: 739: 738: 735: 734: 727: 719: 718: 708: 707: 705: 704: 697: 690: 682: 679: 678: 677: 676: 661: 660: 657: 656: 650: 649: 648: 647: 642: 637: 632: 622: 617: 616: 615: 610: 600: 595: 590: 584: 583: 582: 581: 576: 571: 563: 562: 557: 551: 548:Related topics 546: 545: 542: 541: 538: 537: 532: 530:Social welfare 527: 522: 521: 520: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 460: 455: 450: 445: 440: 435: 430: 425: 424: 423: 418: 408: 407: 406: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 360: 351: 350: 347: 346: 343: 342: 337: 332: 327: 322: 316: 315: 308: 301: 293: 292: 287: 281: 276: 275: 272: 271: 268: 267: 259: 250: 249: 243: 235: 227: 218: 217: 197: 189: 186: 185: 180: 174: 173: 172: 169: 168: 165: 164: 159: 154: 148: 147: 142: 136: 131: 130: 127: 126: 123: 122: 120:Predestination 116: 115: 110: 104: 103: 101:Revealed Books 98: 92: 91: 81: 76: 75: 72: 71: 63: 62: 56: 55: 41: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 19648: 19637: 19634: 19632: 19629: 19627: 19624: 19622: 19619: 19618: 19616: 19601: 19593: 19591: 19581: 19580: 19577: 19563: 19560: 19558: 19555: 19553: 19550: 19548: 19545: 19543: 19540: 19538: 19535: 19533: 19530: 19528: 19525: 19521: 19518: 19517: 19516: 19513: 19509: 19506: 19504: 19503:Post-Islamism 19501: 19499: 19496: 19495: 19494: 19491: 19489: 19486: 19482: 19479: 19477: 19474: 19473: 19472: 19469: 19468: 19466: 19462: 19456: 19453: 19451: 19448: 19446: 19443: 19441: 19438: 19437: 19435: 19433: 19429: 19423: 19420: 19418: 19415: 19413: 19410: 19408: 19405: 19403: 19400: 19396: 19395:Protestantism 19393: 19391: 19388: 19386: 19383: 19382: 19381: 19378: 19377: 19375: 19373: 19369: 19365: 19355: 19351: 19337: 19334: 19332: 19331: 19327: 19325: 19322: 19318: 19315: 19314: 19313: 19310: 19308: 19305: 19303: 19300: 19298: 19295: 19293: 19290: 19288: 19285: 19284: 19282: 19278: 19272: 19269: 19267: 19264: 19262: 19259: 19257: 19254: 19253: 19251: 19249: 19245: 19239: 19236: 19234: 19233:Ophthalmology 19231: 19229: 19226: 19224: 19221: 19219: 19216: 19214: 19211: 19209: 19206: 19204: 19201: 19200: 19198: 19196: 19192: 19186: 19183: 19181: 19178: 19176: 19173: 19171: 19168: 19166: 19163: 19161: 19158: 19156: 19153: 19151: 19148: 19147: 19145: 19143: 19139: 19135: 19131: 19123: 19119: 19105: 19102: 19098: 19097: 19093: 19092: 19091: 19088: 19086: 19083: 19081: 19078: 19074: 19071: 19070: 19069: 19066: 19064: 19063: 19059: 19057: 19054: 19052: 19051: 19047: 19045: 19042: 19040: 19039: 19035: 19033: 19030: 19028: 19025: 19023: 19020: 19018: 19015: 19013: 19010: 19008: 19005: 19003: 19000: 18998: 18997: 18993: 18991: 18990: 18986: 18982: 18981:Death penalty 18979: 18977: 18974: 18972: 18969: 18968: 18967: 18964: 18962: 18959: 18957: 18956: 18952: 18951: 18949: 18947:Other aspects 18945: 18939: 18938: 18934: 18932: 18931: 18927: 18925: 18924: 18920: 18918: 18917: 18913: 18911: 18910: 18906: 18904: 18903: 18899: 18897: 18896: 18892: 18891: 18889: 18884: 18881: 18879: 18876: 18874: 18871: 18870: 18867: 18861: 18860: 18856: 18854: 18851: 18849: 18848: 18844: 18842: 18841: 18837: 18835: 18834: 18830: 18828: 18827: 18823: 18822: 18820: 18818: 18814: 18808: 18807: 18803: 18801: 18800: 18796: 18794: 18793: 18789: 18787: 18786: 18782: 18780: 18777: 18775: 18772: 18771: 18769: 18767: 18763: 18759: 18752: 18751:Jurisprudence 18749: 18747: 18744: 18743: 18739: 18735: 18725: 18722: 18720: 18717: 18715: 18712: 18710: 18707: 18705: 18702: 18700: 18699: 18695: 18693: 18690: 18688: 18685: 18683: 18680: 18678: 18675: 18673: 18670: 18668: 18665: 18663: 18660: 18658: 18655: 18653: 18650: 18648: 18645: 18643: 18640: 18638: 18635: 18633: 18630: 18628: 18625: 18624: 18622: 18617: 18614: 18612: 18609: 18608: 18605: 18599: 18596: 18594: 18591: 18587: 18584: 18583: 18582: 18579: 18577: 18574: 18570: 18567: 18563: 18560: 18556: 18553: 18551: 18548: 18546: 18543: 18542: 18541: 18538: 18537: 18535: 18533: 18530: 18529: 18528: 18524: 18521: 18517: 18514: 18510: 18507: 18506: 18505: 18502: 18500: 18497: 18495: 18492: 18490: 18487: 18486: 18485: 18482: 18480: 18477: 18471: 18468: 18467: 18466: 18463: 18461: 18458: 18456: 18453: 18451: 18448: 18446: 18443: 18442: 18441: 18438: 18437: 18435: 18433: 18432:Denominations 18429: 18423: 18422: 18418: 18416: 18413: 18411: 18408: 18406: 18403: 18401: 18398: 18397: 18395: 18393: 18389: 18381: 18378: 18376: 18373: 18371: 18368: 18366: 18363: 18361: 18358: 18356: 18353: 18351: 18348: 18346: 18345: 18341: 18340: 18339: 18336: 18334: 18331: 18329: 18328: 18324: 18322: 18321: 18317: 18315: 18312: 18310: 18307: 18305: 18302: 18300: 18297: 18295: 18292: 18291: 18289: 18284: 18281: 18279: 18276: 18275: 18272: 18266: 18265: 18261: 18259: 18258: 18254: 18252: 18251: 18247: 18245: 18244: 18240: 18238: 18237: 18233: 18232: 18230: 18228: 18224: 18218: 18217:Holiest sites 18215: 18213: 18212:Judgement Day 18210: 18208: 18207: 18203: 18201: 18198: 18196: 18193: 18191: 18188: 18184: 18181: 18180: 18179: 18176: 18174: 18173: 18169: 18165: 18162: 18161: 18160: 18157: 18156: 18154: 18152: 18148: 18144: 18140: 18139: 18133: 18128: 18121: 18116: 18114: 18109: 18107: 18102: 18101: 18098: 18082: 18079: 18077: 18074: 18071: 18067: 18064: 18063: 18062: 18059: 18057: 18054: 18052: 18049: 18047: 18044: 18042: 18039: 18038: 18035: 18029: 18026: 18024: 18021: 18019: 18016: 18014: 18011: 18009: 18006: 18004: 18001: 17999: 17996: 17994: 17991: 17989: 17986: 17985: 17983: 17981: 17977: 17971: 17968: 17966: 17963: 17961: 17958: 17956: 17953: 17951: 17948: 17946: 17943: 17941: 17938: 17936: 17933: 17931: 17928: 17926: 17923: 17921: 17918: 17916: 17913: 17912: 17910: 17908:South America 17906: 17898: 17895: 17893: 17890: 17889: 17887: 17883: 17880: 17878: 17875: 17873: 17870: 17868: 17865: 17863: 17860: 17858: 17855: 17853: 17850: 17848: 17845: 17843: 17840: 17839: 17838: 17835: 17834: 17832: 17830: 17826: 17816: 17813: 17811: 17808: 17807: 17806: 17803: 17801: 17798: 17796: 17793: 17791: 17788: 17784: 17781: 17779: 17776: 17774: 17771: 17769: 17766: 17764: 17761: 17759: 17756: 17754: 17751: 17750: 17748: 17747: 17746: 17743: 17742: 17739: 17736: 17735: 17730: 17727: 17725: 17722: 17720: 17717: 17715: 17712: 17710: 17707: 17705: 17702: 17700: 17697: 17695: 17692: 17690: 17687: 17686: 17685: 17682: 17678: 17675: 17673: 17670: 17668: 17665: 17663: 17660: 17658: 17655: 17653: 17650: 17648: 17645: 17643: 17640: 17638: 17635: 17633: 17630: 17626: 17623: 17621: 17618: 17617: 17616: 17613: 17611: 17608: 17606: 17603: 17601: 17598: 17596: 17593: 17591: 17588: 17586: 17583: 17581: 17578: 17576: 17573: 17571: 17568: 17564: 17561: 17559: 17556: 17554: 17551: 17549: 17546: 17544: 17541: 17537: 17534: 17532: 17529: 17527: 17524: 17522: 17519: 17517: 17514: 17513: 17512: 17509: 17507: 17504: 17502: 17499: 17497: 17494: 17492: 17489: 17487: 17484: 17482: 17479: 17477: 17474: 17472: 17469: 17467: 17464: 17462: 17459: 17457: 17454: 17452: 17449: 17447: 17444: 17442: 17439: 17437: 17434: 17433: 17432: 17429: 17427: 17424: 17422: 17419: 17417: 17414: 17412: 17409: 17405: 17402: 17400: 17397: 17395: 17392: 17390: 17387: 17385: 17382: 17380: 17377: 17376: 17375: 17372: 17370: 17367: 17365: 17362: 17360: 17357: 17355: 17352: 17350: 17347: 17345: 17342: 17340: 17337: 17335: 17332: 17330: 17327: 17325: 17322: 17320: 17317: 17315: 17312: 17311: 17310: 17307: 17306: 17304: 17302:North America 17300: 17294: 17291: 17289: 17286: 17282: 17279: 17277: 17274: 17270: 17267: 17266: 17265: 17262: 17260: 17257: 17255: 17252: 17250: 17247: 17243: 17240: 17238: 17235: 17233: 17230: 17228: 17225: 17224: 17223: 17220: 17218: 17215: 17213: 17210: 17208: 17205: 17203: 17200: 17198: 17195: 17193: 17190: 17188: 17185: 17183: 17180: 17178: 17175: 17173: 17170: 17168: 17165: 17163: 17160: 17158: 17155: 17151: 17148: 17147: 17146: 17143: 17141: 17138: 17136: 17133: 17131: 17128: 17126: 17123: 17121: 17118: 17114: 17111: 17110: 17109: 17106: 17104: 17101: 17099: 17096: 17094: 17091: 17089: 17086: 17084: 17081: 17079: 17076: 17074: 17071: 17069: 17066: 17062: 17059: 17057: 17054: 17052: 17049: 17047: 17044: 17042: 17039: 17038: 17037: 17034: 17032: 17029: 17027: 17024: 17022: 17019: 17017: 17014: 17012: 17009: 17007: 17004: 17002: 16999: 16998: 16997: 16994: 16993: 16991: 16989: 16985: 16977: 16974: 16972: 16969: 16967: 16964: 16960: 16957: 16956: 16955: 16952: 16950: 16947: 16945: 16942: 16940: 16937: 16935: 16932: 16930: 16927: 16925: 16922: 16920: 16917: 16913: 16910: 16908: 16905: 16903: 16900: 16898: 16895: 16893: 16890: 16888: 16885: 16883: 16880: 16878: 16875: 16873: 16870: 16868: 16865: 16863: 16860: 16858: 16855: 16854: 16853: 16850: 16849: 16848: 16845: 16844: 16839: 16836: 16835: 16834: 16831: 16830: 16825: 16822: 16820: 16817: 16815: 16812: 16810: 16807: 16805: 16802: 16800: 16797: 16795: 16792: 16790: 16787: 16785: 16782: 16780: 16777: 16773: 16770: 16769: 16768: 16765: 16764: 16763: 16760: 16754: 16751: 16750: 16749: 16746: 16742: 16739: 16737: 16734: 16733: 16732: 16729: 16727: 16724: 16722: 16719: 16715: 16712: 16710: 16707: 16705: 16702: 16700: 16697: 16695: 16692: 16690: 16687: 16685: 16682: 16681: 16680: 16677: 16675: 16672: 16668: 16665: 16664: 16663: 16660: 16659: 16658: 16655: 16651: 16648: 16646: 16643: 16641: 16638: 16636: 16633: 16631: 16628: 16626: 16623: 16617: 16614: 16612: 16609: 16607: 16604: 16602: 16599: 16598: 16597: 16596: 16595: 16592: 16591: 16590: 16587: 16583: 16580: 16578: 16575: 16573: 16570: 16568: 16565: 16563: 16560: 16558: 16555: 16553: 16550: 16546: 16543: 16542: 16541: 16538: 16537: 16536: 16533: 16529: 16526: 16525: 16524: 16521: 16520: 16518: 16514: 16504: 16501: 16500: 16499: 16496: 16492: 16489: 16487: 16484: 16482: 16479: 16477: 16474: 16473: 16472: 16469: 16468: 16467: 16464: 16463: 16456: 16453: 16449: 16446: 16444: 16441: 16439: 16436: 16434: 16431: 16429: 16426: 16424: 16421: 16419: 16416: 16414: 16411: 16409: 16406: 16404: 16401: 16399: 16396: 16394: 16391: 16389: 16386: 16385: 16384: 16381: 16377: 16374: 16372: 16369: 16367: 16364: 16362: 16359: 16358: 16357: 16354: 16350: 16347: 16345: 16342: 16340: 16337: 16335: 16332: 16330: 16327: 16325: 16322: 16320: 16317: 16315: 16312: 16311: 16310: 16307: 16305: 16302: 16300: 16297: 16293: 16290: 16288: 16285: 16283: 16280: 16278: 16275: 16274: 16273: 16270: 16269: 16268: 16265: 16261: 16260:Black Indians 16258: 16256: 16253: 16249: 16246: 16244: 16241: 16239: 16236: 16234: 16231: 16229: 16226: 16224: 16221: 16219: 16216: 16214: 16211: 16209: 16206: 16204: 16201: 16199: 16196: 16194: 16191: 16189: 16186: 16184: 16181: 16180: 16179: 16176: 16175: 16174: 16171: 16170: 16169: 16166: 16165: 16163: 16159: 16156: 16154: 16148: 16142: 16139: 16137: 16134: 16132: 16129: 16127: 16124: 16122: 16121:Non-religious 16119: 16117: 16114: 16112: 16109: 16105: 16102: 16100: 16097: 16095: 16092: 16090: 16087: 16085: 16082: 16081: 16080: 16077: 16075: 16072: 16070: 16067: 16065: 16062: 16058: 16055: 16053: 16050: 16048: 16045: 16043: 16040: 16039: 16038: 16035: 16033: 16030: 16028: 16025: 16024: 16022: 16020: 16016: 16010: 16007: 16005: 16002: 16000: 15997: 15995: 15992: 15990: 15987: 15983: 15980: 15978: 15975: 15973: 15970: 15969: 15968: 15965: 15963: 15960: 15958: 15955: 15953: 15950: 15948: 15945: 15943: 15940: 15938: 15935: 15933: 15930: 15928: 15925: 15923: 15920: 15918: 15915: 15913: 15910: 15908: 15905: 15903: 15900: 15898: 15895: 15894: 15892: 15886: 15882: 15877: 15873: 15866: 15861: 15859: 15854: 15852: 15847: 15846: 15843: 15831: 15830: 15829:South America 15826: 15824: 15822: 15821:Latin America 15819: 15817: 15815: 15812: 15810: 15807: 15805: 15804:North America 15802: 15801: 15798: 15792: 15789: 15787: 15784: 15782: 15779: 15777: 15774: 15772: 15769: 15767: 15764: 15762: 15759: 15757: 15754: 15752: 15749: 15747: 15744: 15742: 15739: 15737: 15734: 15732: 15729: 15727: 15724: 15722: 15721:French Guiana 15719: 15717: 15714: 15712: 15709: 15707: 15704: 15702: 15699: 15697: 15694: 15692: 15689: 15687: 15684: 15682: 15679: 15678: 15676: 15674: 15669: 15665: 15660: 15650: 15647: 15645: 15642: 15640: 15639:United States 15637: 15635: 15632: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15617: 15615: 15612: 15610: 15607: 15605: 15602: 15600: 15597: 15595: 15592: 15590: 15587: 15585: 15582: 15580: 15577: 15575: 15572: 15570: 15567: 15565: 15562: 15560: 15557: 15555: 15552: 15550: 15547: 15545: 15542: 15540: 15537: 15535: 15532: 15530: 15527: 15525: 15522: 15520: 15517: 15515: 15512: 15510: 15507: 15505: 15502: 15500: 15497: 15495: 15492: 15490: 15487: 15485: 15482: 15480: 15477: 15476: 15474: 15472: 15466: 15462: 15459:Islam in the 15454: 15449: 15447: 15442: 15440: 15435: 15434: 15431: 15419: 15416: 15414: 15411: 15407: 15404: 15402: 15399: 15398: 15396: 15394: 15391: 15387: 15386:New York City 15384: 15383: 15381: 15377: 15374: 15373: 15371: 15369: 15366: 15364: 15361: 15360: 15357: 15352: 15345: 15340: 15338: 15333: 15331: 15326: 15325: 15322: 15310: 15307: 15305: 15302: 15301: 15298: 15292:(documentary) 15291: 15290: 15286: 15285: 15283: 15279: 15273: 15272:New York City 15270: 15268: 15265: 15263: 15260: 15259: 15257: 15255: 15250: 15244: 15241: 15239: 15236: 15234: 15231: 15229: 15226: 15224: 15221: 15219: 15216: 15214: 15211: 15209: 15206: 15205: 15203: 15201: 15197: 15192: 15186: 15183: 15182: 15180: 15176: 15170: 15167: 15165: 15162: 15160: 15157: 15155: 15152: 15151: 15149: 15147:Organizations 15145: 15141: 15134: 15129: 15127: 15122: 15120: 15115: 15114: 15111: 15103: 15102: 15097: 15092: 15090: 15087: 15085: 15082: 15081: 15077: 15076: 15073: 15070: 15067: 15065: 15062: 15059: 15057: 15054: 15051: 15047: 15046: 15041: 15039: 15038: 15033: 15031: 15027: 15024: 15022: 15021: 15016: 15014: 15011: 15009: 15005: 15002: 15001: 14996: 14994: 14990: 14987: 14984: 14982: 14981: 14976: 14974: 14970: 14967: 14966: 14961: 14959: 14955: 14952: 14949: 14947: 14945: 14942:OnIslam.net: 14940: 14938: 14936: 14933:OnIslam.net: 14931: 14929: 14928: 14925:OnIslam.net: 14923: 14921: 14918: 14916: 14913: 14911: 14910: 14905: 14903: 14899: 14896: 14895: 14890: 14888: 14885: 14883: 14880: 14879: 14875: 14874: 14870: 14867: 14866: 14862: 14861: 14858: 14855: 14853: 14850: 14847: 14843: 14840: 14838: 14834: 14831: 14828: 14827: 14823: 14822: 14819: 14816: 14815: 14806: 14802: 14799: 14795: 14791: 14785: 14781: 14776: 14773: 14769: 14767: 14763: 14759: 14755: 14751: 14748: 14744: 14740: 14736: 14733: 14730: 14726: 14723: 14719: 14716: 14713: 14710: 14706: 14702: 14696: 14692: 14687: 14686: 14678: 14674: 14670: 14669: 14649: 14645: 14639: 14637: 14635: 14633: 14625: 14622: 14616: 14609: 14605: 14600: 14594: 14593:The Telegraph 14591: 14587: 14584: 14579: 14563: 14559: 14555: 14548: 14540: 14536: 14530: 14514: 14510: 14504: 14496: 14492: 14486: 14470: 14466: 14462: 14458: 14454: 14447: 14431: 14427: 14421: 14413: 14406: 14390: 14386: 14382: 14376: 14360: 14356: 14352: 14345: 14329: 14325: 14319: 14303: 14299: 14293: 14277: 14273: 14269: 14263: 14255: 14251: 14247: 14240: 14224: 14220: 14214: 14198: 14194: 14190: 14184: 14176: 14169: 14167: 14165: 14155: 14151: 14145: 14143: 14134: 14133: 14125: 14109: 14105: 14099: 14088:September 26, 14083: 14079: 14073: 14071: 14069: 14067: 14050: 14046: 14040: 14033: 14029: 14026: 14025:Tolerance.org 14021: 14014: 14010: 14007: 14006:Tolerance.org 14002: 13986: 13982: 13976: 13960: 13956: 13949: 13941: 13937: 13930: 13911: 13904: 13898: 13890: 13886: 13882: 13878: 13871: 13863: 13859: 13853: 13851: 13834: 13830: 13824: 13816: 13812: 13806: 13804: 13787: 13783: 13779: 13773: 13766:(656 KB) 13758: 13754: 13747: 13741: 13739: 13737: 13735: 13733: 13731: 13729: 13727: 13711: 13707: 13701: 13686: 13682: 13676: 13665: 13658: 13652: 13636: 13632: 13626: 13615:September 23, 13610: 13606: 13600: 13584: 13580: 13576: 13570: 13554: 13550: 13544: 13537: 13534: 13530: 13527: 13522: 13515: 13511: 13507: 13504: 13499: 13483: 13479: 13473: 13466: 13462: 13458: 13455: 13450: 13448: 13446: 13430: 13429: 13424: 13417: 13410: 13396: 13392: 13385: 13378: 13364: 13360: 13353: 13345: 13341: 13335: 13319: 13315: 13309: 13293: 13289: 13283: 13268: 13267: 13262: 13255: 13240: 13236: 13229: 13213: 13209: 13202: 13190:September 18, 13185: 13181: 13180: 13175: 13169: 13157:September 18, 13152: 13148: 13142: 13126: 13122: 13116: 13100: 13096: 13090: 13074: 13070: 13064: 13056: 13052: 13046: 13027: 13023: 13016: 13010: 12994: 12990: 12984: 12968: 12964: 12958: 12943: 12939: 12933: 12925: 12921: 12915: 12899: 12895: 12889: 12881: 12877: 12871: 12864: 12860: 12856: 12853: 12850:Alice Speri, 12847: 12840: 12836: 12832: 12829: 12823: 12816: 12812: 12809: 12803: 12796: 12792: 12788: 12785: 12779: 12763: 12759: 12753: 12737: 12733: 12727: 12719: 12715: 12709: 12694: 12690: 12683: 12668: 12664: 12658: 12650: 12646: 12639: 12631: 12630:Religion News 12627: 12620: 12613: 12600: 12593: 12577: 12573: 12567: 12565: 12563: 12561: 12559: 12550: 12546: 12539: 12531: 12527: 12523: 12516: 12500: 12496: 12490: 12488: 12486: 12469: 12465: 12459: 12451: 12447: 12441: 12433: 12429: 12425: 12419: 12403: 12399: 12393: 12378: 12374: 12367: 12355:September 24, 12350: 12346: 12340: 12328:September 24, 12323: 12319: 12318: 12313: 12307: 12299: 12293: 12285: 12281: 12277: 12276: 12271: 12264: 12248: 12247: 12242: 12236: 12221: 12217: 12216:"Amjad Masad" 12210: 12202: 12198: 12191: 12189: 12187: 12171: 12167: 12160: 12145: 12141: 12134: 12123:September 13, 12119: 12118: 12113: 12106: 12090: 12086: 12080: 12064: 12060: 12054: 12047: 12041: 12033: 12026: 12010: 12006: 12000: 11998: 11978: 11974: 11967: 11961: 11946: 11942: 11935: 11919: 11912: 11897: 11890: 11874: 11870: 11863: 11847: 11843: 11836: 11821: 11817: 11811: 11796: 11792: 11786: 11784: 11782: 11765: 11761: 11755: 11740: 11736: 11730: 11722: 11718: 11714: 11710: 11706: 11702: 11698: 11694: 11687: 11668: 11664: 11657: 11650: 11642: 11638: 11633: 11628: 11624: 11620: 11616: 11612: 11608: 11601: 11593: 11591:9780367492953 11587: 11583: 11582: 11574: 11558: 11554: 11550: 11544: 11528: 11524: 11520: 11514: 11498: 11494: 11490: 11483: 11464: 11457: 11451: 11432: 11428: 11421: 11415: 11413: 11411: 11403: 11399: 11396: 11391: 11384: 11380: 11377: 11372: 11357: 11351: 11344: 11340: 11337: 11332: 11325: 11322: 11318: 11315: 11309: 11290: 11283: 11276: 11269: 11265: 11264: 11259: 11258: 11253: 11247: 11231: 11227: 11226: 11221: 11214: 11203:September 18, 11198: 11194: 11193: 11188: 11181: 11165: 11161: 11155: 11139: 11135: 11129: 11122: 11119: 11114: 11106: 11100: 11093: 11092: 11087: 11083: 11080: 11075: 11068: 11063: 11047: 11043: 11037: 11021: 11017: 11011: 10992: 10985: 10979: 10973: 10969: 10966: 10960: 10952: 10948: 10942: 10926: 10922: 10915: 10900: 10896: 10892: 10888: 10881: 10873: 10869: 10862: 10860: 10851: 10847: 10840: 10838: 10828: 10819: 10810: 10802: 10798: 10794: 10788: 10783: 10782: 10773: 10765: 10761: 10757: 10751: 10746: 10745: 10736: 10721: 10717: 10711: 10702: 10695: 10682: 10678: 10671: 10663: 10659: 10655: 10649: 10647: 10639:. p. E3. 10638: 10634: 10627: 10620: 10615: 10607: 10601: 10597: 10596: 10588: 10586: 10578: 10573: 10566: 10561: 10553: 10547: 10543: 10542: 10534: 10527: 10523: 10520: 10515: 10508: 10503: 10495: 10491: 10487: 10481: 10476: 10475: 10466: 10459: 10458: 10454: 10450: 10447: 10441: 10425: 10421: 10420:Hip-Hop Wired 10417: 10410: 10394: 10390: 10386: 10380: 10378: 10361: 10357: 10353: 10347: 10339: 10335: 10331: 10324: 10317: 10312: 10305: 10301: 10298: 10292: 10284: 10280: 10276: 10272: 10266: 10258: 10254: 10248: 10240: 10233: 10226: 10222: 10216: 10208: 10204: 10200: 10198:9780810817050 10194: 10190: 10189: 10181: 10165: 10161: 10157: 10151: 10142: 10126: 10122: 10118: 10112: 10105: 10101: 10098: 10093: 10078: 10074: 10068: 10060: 10056: 10049: 10033: 10029: 10023: 10015: 10011: 10007: 10000: 9991: 9983: 9979: 9973: 9965: 9961: 9955: 9939: 9935: 9931: 9925: 9918: 9912: 9905: 9899: 9883: 9879: 9873: 9857: 9853: 9847: 9831: 9827: 9821: 9814: 9810: 9807: 9802: 9786: 9782: 9778: 9774: 9767: 9760: 9754: 9747: 9743: 9740: 9739:Omar ibn Said 9736: 9730: 9723: 9717: 9709: 9705: 9701: 9697: 9693: 9689: 9682: 9680: 9671: 9667: 9663: 9659: 9655: 9651: 9644: 9626: 9620: 9612: 9608: 9601: 9599: 9597: 9588: 9582: 9578: 9571: 9563: 9557: 9553: 9549: 9548: 9543: 9539: 9535: 9529: 9525: 9521: 9516: 9508: 9504: 9500: 9498:9781139026161 9494: 9490: 9486: 9482: 9478: 9474: 9470: 9466: 9462: 9455: 9440: 9436: 9430: 9415: 9411: 9405: 9398: 9392: 9384: 9377: 9375: 9373: 9356: 9352: 9349:Ishaq Zahid. 9345: 9338: 9334: 9331: 9326: 9307: 9300: 9294: 9278: 9274: 9268: 9252: 9248: 9242: 9240: 9223: 9219: 9215: 9208: 9200: 9198:9781438130408 9194: 9190: 9189: 9182: 9180: 9163: 9159: 9153: 9146: 9145: 9140: 9136: 9133: 9128: 9112: 9108: 9104: 9097: 9082: 9078: 9077: 9070: 9055: 9053:9780881325812 9049: 9045: 9044: 9037: 9022: 9020:9781137337511 9016: 9012: 9011: 9003: 8987: 8983: 8979: 8972: 8957: 8955:9781438130408 8951: 8947: 8946: 8938: 8922: 8918: 8914: 8907: 8892: 8888: 8881: 8874: 8869: 8854: 8850: 8844: 8828: 8824: 8818: 8810: 8804: 8800: 8793: 8785: 8779: 8775: 8768: 8753: 8749: 8742: 8727: 8723: 8717: 8715: 8698: 8694: 8688: 8686: 8669: 8665: 8659: 8652: 8648: 8645: 8639: 8623: 8619: 8613: 8611: 8594: 8590: 8589:Seattle Times 8586: 8579: 8577: 8561: 8557: 8553: 8549: 8542: 8526: 8522: 8516: 8500: 8494: 8492: 8490: 8488: 8486: 8484: 8482: 8474: 8468: 8466: 8458: 8452: 8445: 8433: 8429: 8425: 8418: 8416: 8399: 8395: 8388: 8381: 8375: 8373: 8371: 8355: 8351: 8345: 8329: 8325: 8319: 8317: 8300: 8296: 8292: 8286: 8282: 8268: 8259: 8255: 8246: 8243: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8196: 8192: 8181: 8178: 8167: 8152: 8146: 8140: 8134: 8133: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8067: 8065: 8061: 8059: 8055: 8053: 8049: 8037: 8031: 8030: 7979: 7976: 7973: 7969: 7967: 7963: 7960: 7950: 7947: 7944: 7941: 7938: 7935: 7932: 7929: 7928: 7924: 7921: 7918: 7915: 7912: 7909: 7906: 7903: 7902: 7898: 7895: 7892: 7889: 7886: 7883: 7880: 7877: 7876: 7872: 7869: 7866: 7863: 7860: 7857: 7854: 7851: 7850: 7846: 7843: 7840: 7837: 7834: 7831: 7828: 7825: 7824: 7813: 7810: 7807: 7804: 7801: 7798: 7795: 7792: 7791: 7787: 7784: 7781: 7778: 7775: 7772: 7769: 7766: 7765: 7761: 7758: 7755: 7752: 7749: 7746: 7743: 7740: 7739: 7735: 7732: 7729: 7726: 7723: 7720: 7717: 7714: 7713: 7709: 7706: 7703: 7700: 7697: 7694: 7691: 7688: 7687: 7683: 7680: 7677: 7674: 7671: 7668: 7665: 7662: 7661: 7657: 7654: 7651: 7648: 7645: 7642: 7639: 7636: 7635: 7624: 7622: 7619:took office. 7618: 7614: 7609: 7606:instigated a 7605: 7600: 7598: 7594: 7590: 7586: 7582: 7578: 7577:Keith Ellison 7573: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7559: 7554: 7550: 7546: 7545: 7540: 7532: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7508: 7506: 7501: 7499: 7495: 7490: 7488: 7484: 7480: 7476: 7472: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7445: 7442: 7438: 7437:value systems 7433: 7431: 7426: 7422: 7418: 7414: 7409: 7405: 7402: 7396: 7392: 7390: 7386: 7382: 7378: 7374: 7366: 7362: 7357: 7353: 7350: 7345: 7341: 7336: 7326: 7322: 7320: 7319: 7313: 7310: 7305: 7301: 7299: 7295: 7291: 7283: 7279: 7278:New York City 7275: 7271: 7264: 7260: 7255: 7246: 7244: 7233: 7229: 7226: 7220: 7218: 7213: 7209: 7207: 7203: 7193: 7190: 7185: 7184: 7180: 7177: 7172: 7171: 7167: 7164: 7159: 7158: 7154: 7151: 7146: 7145: 7142: 7137: 7135: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7124: 7119: 7111: 7108: 7104: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7077: 7075: 7071: 7068: 7064: 7062: 7058: 7056: 7052: 7051: 7050: 7045: 7041: 7039: 7035: 7033: 7029: 7027: 7023: 7021: 7017: 7015: 7011: 7009: 7005: 7004:Protestantism 7001: 7000: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6983: 6980: 6975: 6974: 6970: 6967: 6962: 6961: 6958: 6955: 6950: 6949: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6939: 6935: 6932: 6929: 6928: 6924: 6921: 6916: 6915: 6911: 6908: 6903: 6902: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6892: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6882: 6878: 6876: 6871: 6870: 6866: 6863: 6860: 6859: 6856: 6853: 6850: 6849: 6845: 6842: 6837: 6836: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6819: 6815: 6810: 6807: 6793: 6791: 6778: 6777: 6772: 6769: 6768: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6758: 6754: 6740: 6737: 6733: 6730: 6726: 6723: 6720: 6719:United States 6716: 6712: 6707: 6703: 6700: 6697: 6694: 6693: 6692: 6690: 6684: 6671: 6667: 6664: 6660: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6645: 6641: 6638: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6623: 6620: 6617: 6613: 6609: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6546: 6545: 6543: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6519: 6515: 6513: 6509: 6504: 6502: 6497: 6493: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6478: 6476: 6466: 6459: 6454: 6448: 6444: 6440: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6422: 6418: 6413: 6410: 6406: 6405:Young Muslims 6402: 6401:North America 6398: 6390: 6386: 6382: 6380: 6379: 6374: 6370: 6367: 6363: 6359: 6355: 6350: 6348: 6340: 6336: 6335:New York City 6332: 6327: 6321:Organizations 6318: 6316: 6311: 6309: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6285: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6272: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6259: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6246: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6233: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6220: 6216: 6213: 6210: 6209: 6203: 6201: 6197: 6193: 6189: 6185: 6181: 6177: 6173: 6168: 6165: 6161: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6121: 6119: 6115: 6110: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6095: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6076: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6058: 6057:Rashida Tlaib 6054: 6050: 6046: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6022: 6020: 6019:Keith Ellison 6016: 6012: 6000: 5996: 5993: 5989: 5986: 5985: 5976: 5972: 5971:Tomas Lindahl 5968: 5965: 5963: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5950: 5947: 5944: 5940: 5937: 5936: 5927: 5924: 5921: 5918: 5915: 5912: 5909: 5906: 5903: 5900: 5897: 5894: 5891: 5890:Nazr Mohammed 5888: 5885: 5882: 5879: 5876: 5873: 5870: 5867: 5864: 5861: 5858: 5855: 5852: 5849: 5848:Hassan Diarra 5846: 5843: 5840: 5837: 5834: 5831: 5828: 5825: 5822: 5819: 5816: 5813: 5810: 5807: 5804: 5801: 5798: 5797: 5788: 5785: 5782: 5779: 5776: 5773: 5771:(EPIC Masjid) 5770: 5766: 5763: 5760: 5756: 5753: 5752: 5746: 5744: 5734: 5732: 5727: 5724: 5718: 5714: 5712: 5705: 5701: 5691: 5689: 5685: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5642: 5633: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5622: 5617: 5616: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5594: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5563:New York City 5560: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5482: 5481: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5461: 5460: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5440: 5439: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5419: 5418: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5408:West Virginia 5398: 5397: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5377: 5376: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5356: 5355: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5345:New Hampshire 5335: 5334: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5314: 5313: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5293: 5292: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5272: 5271: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5251: 5250: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5230: 5229: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5209: 5208: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5188: 5187: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5167: 5166: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5146: 5145: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5125: 5124: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5104: 5103: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5083: 5082: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5062: 5061: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5041: 5040: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5020: 5019: 5015: 5012: 5010: 4999: 4998: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4978: 4977: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4957: 4956: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4936: 4935: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4915: 4914: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4894: 4893: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4873: 4872: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4852: 4851: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4831: 4830: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4810: 4809: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4789: 4788: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4768: 4767: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4747: 4746: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4726: 4725: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4705: 4704: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4684: 4683: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4663: 4662: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4642: 4641: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4621: 4620: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4600: 4599: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4589:Massachusetts 4579: 4578: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4558: 4557: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4537: 4536: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4516: 4515: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4495: 4494: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4474: 4473: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4453: 4452: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4432: 4431: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4421:United States 4411: 4410: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4396: 4392: 4384: 4380: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4345:professionals 4340: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4289: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4255: 4249: 4245: 4237: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4214: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4158: 4154: 4153:Protestantism 4143: 4141: 4135: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4107: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4088: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4044: 4040: 4038: 4037: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4010: 4006: 4001: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3976: 3972: 3967: 3960: 3955: 3946: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3897: 3893: 3888: 3884: 3874: 3872: 3868: 3867:Ibadi Muslims 3864: 3860: 3853:Other Muslims 3850: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3799: 3789: 3786: 3776: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3748: 3746: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3723: 3721: 3717: 3712: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3638: 3636: 3631: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3620: 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The 1953: 1949: 1945: 1944:United States 1941: 1937: 1926: 1921: 1919: 1914: 1912: 1907: 1906: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1890: 1889: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1836:New Caledonia 1834: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1783: 1780: 1775: 1774: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1746: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1627:Liechtenstein 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1519: 1516: 1511: 1510: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1492:United States 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1407:French Guiana 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1324: 1321: 1316: 1315: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1157: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1044: 1039: 1038: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 929: 926: 925: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 863:Guinea-Bissau 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 821: 819: 816: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 745: 742: 737: 736: 731: 725: 721: 720: 717: 714: 713: 703: 698: 696: 691: 689: 684: 683: 681: 680: 675: 665: 664: 663: 662: 655: 652: 651: 646: 645:Military laws 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 627: 626: 623: 621: 618: 614: 611: 609: 606: 605: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 585: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 566: 565: 564: 561: 558: 556: 553: 552: 549: 544: 543: 536: 533: 531: 528: 526: 523: 519: 516: 515: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 503:Proselytizing 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 431: 429: 426: 422: 419: 417: 414: 413: 412: 411:Denominations 409: 405: 402: 401: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 361: 358: 354: 349: 348: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 317: 314: 313: 309: 307: 306: 302: 300: 299: 295: 294: 291: 288: 286: 283: 282: 279: 274: 273: 266: 264: 260: 258: 256: 252: 251: 247: 244: 242: 240: 236: 234: 232: 228: 226: 224: 220: 219: 215: 214: 209: 208: 203: 202: 198: 196: 195: 191: 190: 184: 181: 179: 176: 175: 171: 170: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 149: 146: 143: 141: 138: 137: 134: 129: 128: 121: 118: 117: 114: 111: 109: 106: 105: 102: 99: 97: 94: 93: 90: 86: 83: 82: 79: 74: 73: 69: 65: 64: 61: 58: 57: 53: 49: 48: 39: 31: 27: 19: 19515:Islamophobia 19380:Christianity 19328: 19261:Contemporary 19155:Architecture 19094: 19060: 19048: 19036: 18994: 18987: 18953: 18935: 18930:Nikah mut'ah 18928: 18921: 18914: 18907: 18900: 18893: 18857: 18845: 18838: 18831: 18824: 18804: 18797: 18790: 18783: 18696: 18419: 18343: 18325: 18318: 18262: 18255: 18248: 18241: 18234: 18227:Five Pillars 18204: 18170: 18159:God in Islam 18136: 16535:Central Asia 16141:Zoroastrians 16078: 15989:Social class 15827: 15776:Sint Maarten 15761:Saint Martin 15668:Dependencies 15638: 15350: 15287: 15139: 15099: 15071: 15063: 15044: 15036: 15029: 15019: 14999: 14998:Qantara.de: 14979: 14964: 14943: 14934: 14926: 14908: 14893: 14846:Capitol Hill 14804: 14797: 14779: 14771: 14753: 14738: 14735:Kabir, Nahib 14728: 14721: 14708: 14690: 14672: 14652:. 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Evang. 7835:Catholic 7646:Catholic 7617:Joe Biden 7481:to study 7127:Statement 7061:Catholics 7032:Mormonism 6953:a Muslim 6822:Statement 6522:Political 6200:Mehmet Oz 6164:Joe Biden 6132:, 41% of 6130:Catholics 6128:, 36% of 6009:To date, 5581:, in the 5030:Louisiana 4988:Tennessee 4715:Wisconsin 4547:Minnesota 4425:4,453,908 4275:knowledge 4211:Ahmadiyya 4167:Ahmadiyya 4096:religious 3994:Manhattan 3988:, on the 3912:Manhattan 3792:Ahmadiyya 3687:, India, 3549:Manhattan 3446:Yusuf Bey 3169:Malcolm X 3061:Malcolm X 3047:In 1934, 2839:Mohammed. 2633:in 1809. 2623:Mahometan 2585:Mussulmen 2565:In 1785, 2556:Zoroaster 2552:Confucius 2538:In 1776, 2512:from the 2276:known as 2067:in large 2057:Ahmadiyya 1966:(such as 1786:Australia 1697:Tatarstan 1632:Lithuania 1502:Venezuela 1447:Nicaragua 1417:Guatemala 1332:Argentina 1257:Sri Lanka 1252:Singapore 1232:Palestine 1120:Indonesia 1110:Hong Kong 913:Mauritius 608:terrorism 560:Criticism 513:Sexuality 483:Mysticism 453:Festivals 433:Education 428:Economics 364:Academics 320:Caliphate 133:Practices 19600:Category 19493:Islamism 19476:Muhammad 19432:Apostasy 19407:Hinduism 19297:Feminism 19228:Medicine 19068:Military 19022:Gambling 18971:Apostasy 18966:Criminal 18878:Marriage 18847:Tayammum 18799:Murabaha 18672:Madrasas 18662:Holidays 18652:Clothing 18647:Children 18642:Calendar 18593:Quranism 18527:Khawarij 18499:Alawites 18450:Atharism 18344:Rashidun 18183:In Islam 18178:Muhammad 17998:Blaxican 17810:Chicanos 17704:Gwich'in 17652:Shoshone 17642:Seminole 17570:Muscogee 17543:Tataviam 17506:Suisunes 17456:Diegueño 17436:Cahuilla 17394:Onondaga 17374:Iroquois 17354:Comanche 17349:Colville 17334:Cheyenne 17329:Cherokee 15942:Language 15681:Anguilla 15629:Suriname 15604:Paraguay 15579:Honduras 15539:Dominica 15524:Colombia 15494:Barbados 15461:Americas 15413:Virginia 15368:Maryland 15363:Delaware 15304:Category 15228:Maryland 15213:Delaware 15004:Archived 14989:Archived 14969:Archived 14954:Archived 14898:Archived 14833:Archived 14586:Archived 14562:Archived 14495:Archived 14469:Archived 14436:March 5, 14430:Archived 14389:Archived 14359:Archived 14328:NBC News 14302:Archived 14276:Archived 14254:Archived 14223:Archived 14203:April 8, 14197:Archived 14193:BBC News 14154:Archived 14028:Archived 14009:Archived 13985:Archived 13959:Archived 13862:Archived 13782:VOA News 13609:Archived 13583:Archived 13529:Archived 13506:Archived 13482:Archived 13457:Archived 13395:Archived 13318:Archived 13292:Archived 13184:Archived 13179:HuffPost 13151:Archived 13125:Archived 13079:March 5, 13073:Archived 13071:. MPAC. 13026:Archived 12993:Archived 12967:Archived 12898:Archived 12855:Archived 12831:Archived 12811:Archived 12787:Archived 12768:March 5, 12762:Archived 12693:PinkNews 12582:June 14, 12530:Archived 12505:June 14, 12432:Archived 12349:Archived 12322:Archived 12317:HuffPost 12275:Newsweek 12201:usatoday 12175:April 7, 12149:April 7, 12063:Archived 12015:June 28, 11846:Archived 11744:March 5, 11721:17267903 11695:(2007). 11676:March 9, 11641:16050858 11557:Archived 11533:June 15, 11503:June 15, 11497:Archived 11398:Archived 11379:Archived 11339:Archived 11317:Archived 11230:Archived 11197:Archived 11164:Archived 11138:Archived 11121:Archived 11082:Archived 11046:Archived 10991:Archived 10968:Archived 10801:52153988 10764:52153988 10725:April 2, 10522:Archived 10494:52153988 10449:Archived 10424:Archived 10393:Archived 10300:Archived 10273:(1963). 10207:10778634 10170:April 2, 10164:Archived 10125:Archived 10100:Archived 9856:Archived 9830:Archived 9809:Archived 9742:Archived 9609:(1992). 9544:(eds.). 9477:New York 9467:(eds.). 9355:Archived 9333:Archived 9330:SKSM.edu 9306:Archived 9222:Archived 9162:Archived 9135:Archived 9059:March 5, 8986:Archived 8961:March 5, 8921:Archived 8703:June 14, 8668:Archived 8647:Archived 8622:Archived 8593:Archived 8525:Archived 8455:Curtis, 8432:Archived 8404:July 21, 8398:Archived 8305:April 2, 8299:Archived 8163:See also 8119:Catholic 8016:Catholic 7595:and the 7525:An anti- 7498:Pakistan 7487:Pakistan 7094:Al Qaeda 7080:Atheists 6874:suicide 6832:Disagree 6814:Newsweek 6747:Cultural 6742:clinics. 6655:Paterson 6378:shahadah 6005:Politics 5749:Religion 5652:New York 5610:Maryland 5602:Illinois 5598:New York 5565:had the 5527:Paterson 5303:Nebraska 5198:Colorado 5177:Arkansas 5093:Oklahoma 5072:Kentucky 4925:Delaware 4862:Missouri 4568:Virginia 4526:Michigan 4505:Maryland 4463:New York 4442:Illinois 4387:By state 4349:medicine 4301:academic 4297:cultural 4267:universe 4199:Iranians 4173:, is in 4146:Religion 4124:Hispanic 4104:converts 4055:than ex- 3847:Pakistan 3757:Quranist 3685:Pakistan 3557:biracial 3204:James 3X 3114:a series 3112:Part of 3086:and the 3002:Asiatics 2994:Moabites 2945:colonial 2762:Podlasie 2739:Bosniaks 2686:and the 2619:Virginia 2560:Socrates 2548:Muhammad 2454:(modern 2423:Mandinka 2331:Hajj Ali 2323:Hi Jolly 2033:racially 1984:colonial 1940:religion 1816:Kiribati 1759:Scotland 1719:Slovenia 1714:Slovakia 1682:Portugal 1552:Bulgaria 1482:Suriname 1457:Paraguay 1432:Honduras 1387:Dominica 1372:Colombia 1342:Barbados 1320:Americas 1277:Thailand 1227:Pakistan 1207:Mongolia 1202:Maldives 1197:Malaysia 1085:Cambodia 1030:Zimbabwe 1005:Tanzania 838:Ethiopia 833:Eswatini 813:Djibouti 778:Cameroon 763:Botswana 654:Glossary 630:Jihadism 603:Violence 598:Islamism 569:Muhammad 555:Apostasy 498:Politics 448:Feminism 443:Exorcism 404:Diaspora 389:Children 384:Calendar 312:Rashidun 290:Muhammad 285:Timeline 246:Mathnawi 108:Prophets 52:a series 50:Part of 19547:Nursing 19508:Qutbism 19422:Sikhism 19417:Judaism 19412:Jainism 19402:Druzism 19238:Physics 19185:Pottery 19170:Gardens 19165:Carpets 19080:Slavery 19002:Divorce 18989:Dhabiĥa 18817:Hygiene 18792:Takaful 18774:Banking 18704:Science 18698:Qurbani 18667:Mosques 18627:Animals 18616:Culture 18550:Nukkari 18545:Azzabas 18532:Azariqa 18516:Zaydism 18504:Alevism 18380:Ottoman 18370:Almohad 18365:Fatimid 18360:Córdoba 18355:Abbasid 18350:Umayyad 18283:Leaders 18278:History 18236:Shahada 18151:Beliefs 18023:Mulatto 17829:Oceania 17724:Tlingit 17714:Iñupiat 17699:Alutiiq 17647:Shawnee 17632:Quechan 17516:Awaswas 17501:Serrano 17496:Salinan 17476:Luiseño 17466:Juaneño 17461:Esselen 17446:Chumash 17344:Choctaw 17314:Abenaki 16079:Muslims 16052:Mormons 16047:Coptics 16027:Baha'is 15962:Poverty 15711:Curaçao 15696:Bonaire 15691:Bermuda 15644:Uruguay 15584:Jamaica 15559:Grenada 15549:Ecuador 15504:Bolivia 15489:Bahamas 15406:Houston 15376:Detroit 15267:Houston 15262:Detroit 15078:History 14334:June 3, 13346:. 2019. 13105:July 2, 12605:May 21, 12428:Reuters 11632:1490160 11170:May 15, 10687:July 2, 10391:. NPR. 10283:1071204 10082:July 3, 10038:July 2, 9708:2211064 9670:2211064 9552:1865–77 9273:"1800s" 9228:July 7, 9168:July 2, 7832:Jewish 7829:Muslim 7643:Jewish 7640:Muslim 7475:Taliban 7333:A 2011 7139:General 7088:A 2011 7074:Muslims 7020:Judaism 7006:/Other 6715:Ramadan 6624:was an 6603:in the 6243:<1% 6039:Al Gore 6029:In the 5933:Science 5694:Culture 5664:Florida 5662:(224), 5658:(304), 5654:(343), 5636:Mosques 5630:Houston 5539:Eastern 5471:Montana 5450:Wyoming 5051:Alabama 4971:127,172 4967:Florida 4946:Indiana 4841:Vermont 4824:120,077 4803:313,209 4761:123,652 4757:Georgia 4740:149,561 4656:130,661 4635:504,056 4614:109,765 4610:Arizona 4593:131,749 4572:169,371 4551:114,590 4530:241,828 4509:188,914 4488:321,652 4467:724,475 4446:473,792 4367:of the 4317:history 4313:English 4309:science 4295:and/or 4288:ahadith 4263:creator 4261:is the 4234:English 4226:Bengali 4218:khutbas 4191:Indians 4189:(90%), 4163:Mosques 4155:(67%), 4132:Houston 4077:Indians 3924:Chicago 3827:America 3693:Lebanon 3624:Ramadan 3610:temples 3599:reforms 3545:borough 3521:by the 3436:El Rukn 3258:History 3153:Leaders 3078:on the 3053:deified 2975:slavery 2971:Moorish 2938:Gnostic 2902:, with 2696:Yemenis 2631:Tunisia 2601:In his 2510:Al-Mulk 2492:Senegal 2456:Senegal 2285:Private 2095:Balkans 2075:History 1991:Muslims 1987:America 1952:Judaism 1942:in the 1881:Vanuatu 1779:Oceania 1749:England 1739:Ukraine 1687:Romania 1647:Moldova 1607:Ireland 1602:Iceland 1597:Hungary 1587:Germany 1577:Finland 1572:Estonia 1567:Denmark 1562:Czechia 1557:Croatia 1542:Belgium 1537:Belarus 1532:Austria 1527:Andorra 1522:Albania 1497:Uruguay 1437:Jamaica 1412:Grenada 1397:Ecuador 1352:Bolivia 1337:Bahamas 1302:Vietnam 1212:Myanmar 1187:Lebanon 1105:Georgia 1065:Bahrain 1055:Armenia 1015:Tunisia 985:Somalia 970:Senegal 955:Réunion 950:Nigeria 940:Namibia 923:Morocco 918:Mayotte 883:Liberia 878:Lesotho 828:Eritrea 798:Comoros 773:Burundi 748:Algeria 730:Muslims 525:Slavery 508:Science 463:Madrasa 458:Finance 369:Animals 357:society 353:Culture 325:Imamate 305:Sahabah 278:History 248:(Poems) 233:(creed) 157:Fasting 85:Oneness 78:Beliefs 19359: 19317:poetry 19127: 19012:Ethics 18996:Dhimmi 18955:Baligh 18916:Mahram 18873:Family 18853:Toilet 18833:Miswak 18586:Lahori 18569:Najdat 18465:Salafi 18415:Seerah 18410:Tafsir 18405:Hadith 18375:Sokoto 18320:Sahaba 18195:Angels 18172:Tawhid 18129:topics 18081:Racism 18003:Cajuns 17672:Yakama 17637:Salish 17615:Pueblo 17600:Pawnee 17595:Paiute 17580:Ojibwe 17575:Navajo 17563:Yokuts 17558:Wintun 17548:Tongva 17536:Tamyen 17531:Karkin 17521:Chalon 17511:Ohlone 17486:Patwin 17451:Cupeño 17426:Mohave 17416:Lenape 17399:Seneca 17389:Oneida 17384:Mohawk 17379:Cayuga 17319:Apache 17113:Cajuns 16988:Europe 16161:Africa 16064:Hindus 16004:Wealth 15599:Panama 15589:Mexico 15569:Guyana 15514:Canada 15509:Brazil 15499:Belize 15471:states 15397:Texas 15243:Alaska 15223:Hawaii 15043:TIME: 14824:Events 14786: 14764: 14749:(2005) 14745: 14731:(2006) 14697: 14463: 14308:May 6, 14229:May 4, 13839:May 1, 13764: 13690:May 1, 13069:"Home" 12714:"Home" 11852:May 4, 11719: 11639: 11629: 11588: 11144:May 2, 10897: 10799: 10789: 10762: 10752: 10602: 10548: 10492: 10482: 10281: 10223: 10205: 10195: 9944:May 5, 9706: 9668: 9583: 9558: 9505: 9495: 9195: 9050: 9017: 8952: 8805: 8780: 8558: 8459:p. 119 8382:(1998) 8154: 8148: 8142: 8136: 8116:Jewish 8113:Muslim 8039: 8033: 8013:Jewish 8010:Muslim 7930:Index 7527:Sharia 7483:Arabic 7282:Park51 7274:Muslim 7265:, D.C. 7204:, the 7141:public 7134:Muslim 7090:Gallup 6331:Queens 5999:Replit 5702:, and 5608:, and 5557:, and 5499:0.01% 5492:Hawaii 5489: 5478:0.02% 5468: 5457:0.04% 5447: 5436:0.05% 5429:Alaska 5426: 5415:0.05% 5405: 5394:0.06% 5384: 5373:0.07% 5363: 5352:0.09% 5342: 5331:0.10% 5321: 5310:0.12% 5300: 5289:0.12% 5282:Oregon 5279: 5268:0.12% 5261:Kansas 5258: 5247:0.13% 5237: 5226:0.14% 5216: 5205:0.19% 5202:10,828 5195: 5184:0.22% 5174: 5163:0.24% 5153: 5142:0.24% 5135:Nevada 5132: 5121:0.36% 5118:27,391 5111: 5100:0.39% 5097:15,290 5090: 5079:0.40% 5076:17,957 5069: 5058:0.47% 5055:23,550 5048: 5037:0.53% 5034:24,732 5027: 5016:0.57% 5013:12,046 5006: 4995:0.58% 4992:39,745 4985: 4974:0.59% 4964: 4953:0.61% 4950:41,400 4943: 4932:0.71% 4922: 4911:0.73% 4908:23,211 4901: 4890:0.78% 4887:25,403 4880: 4869:0.87% 4866:53,443 4859: 4848:0.96% 4838: 4827:1.02% 4817: 4806:1.07% 4796: 4785:1.09% 4775: 4764:1.15% 4754: 4743:1.15% 4733: 4722:1.17% 4719:68,699 4712: 4701:1.22% 4698:43,905 4691: 4680:1.24% 4677:16,894 4670: 4659:1.25% 4649: 4638:1.27% 4628: 4617:1.53% 4607: 4596:1.87% 4586: 4575:1.96% 4565: 4554:2.01% 4544: 4533:2.40% 4523: 4512:3.06% 4502: 4491:3.46% 4481: 4470:3.59% 4460: 4449:3.70% 4439: 4428:1.34% 4418: 4339:food. 4333:prayer 4321:civics 4293:ethnic 4283:Qur’an 4279:ta’lim 4277:; and 4254:tawhid 4230:Arabic 4083:, and 4059:or ex- 4057:Hindus 3885:, and 3869:, and 3811:Ahmadi 3734:. The 3732:Sufism 3726:Sufism 3679:, and 3673:Europe 3614:mosque 3568:agents 3564:elites 3541:Harlem 3471: 3116:on the 2987:Taoism 2985:, and 2825:mosque 2766:Poland 2756:1907: 2737:1906: 2722:; and 2514:Qur'an 2373:Slaves 2292:Persia 2250:Risala 2242:kaftan 2069:cities 2029:Gallup 1980:slaves 1876:Tuvalu 1729:Sweden 1709:Serbia 1692:Russia 1677:Poland 1672:Norway 1652:Monaco 1622:Latvia 1617:Kosovo 1592:Greece 1582:France 1515:Europe 1452:Panama 1442:Mexico 1422:Guyana 1362:Canada 1357:Brazil 1347:Belize 1282:Turkey 1267:Taiwan 1172:Kuwait 1145:Jordan 1135:Israel 1095:Cyprus 1080:Brunei 1075:Bhutan 1025:Zambia 1020:Uganda 960:Rwanda 898:Malawi 858:Guinea 848:Gambia 753:Angola 741:Africa 579:Hadith 493:Poetry 473:Mosque 438:Ethics 263:Sharia 231:Aqidah 223:Tafsir 207:Hadith 201:Sunnah 145:Prayer 96:Angels 19481:Quran 19361:Other 19256:Early 19180:Music 19096:Kalam 19050:Jizya 19038:Hudud 18923:Nikah 18840:Najis 18826:Ghusl 18785:Sukuk 18714:Women 18682:Music 18657:Flags 18562:Sufri 18555:Wahbi 18540:Ibadi 18440:Sunni 18400:Quran 18257:Zakat 18243:Salah 18206:Qadar 18164:Allah 18127:Islam 17729:Yupik 17709:Haida 17694:Aleut 17677:Yaqui 17657:Sioux 17590:Odawa 17585:Osage 17553:Wappo 17481:Miwok 17411:Kiowa 17369:Houma 16136:Sikhs 16069:Jains 15686:Aruba 15574:Haiti 15519:Chile 15281:Other 15196:state 15178:Lists 13913:(PDF) 13906:(PDF) 13760:(PDF) 13749:(PDF) 13667:(PDF) 13660:(PDF) 13029:(PDF) 13018:(PDF) 12377:Salon 12284:MSNBC 11980:(PDF) 11969:(PDF) 11670:(PDF) 11659:(PDF) 11466:(PDF) 11459:(PDF) 11434:(PDF) 11423:(PDF) 11292:(PDF) 11285:(PDF) 10994:(PDF) 10987:(PDF) 10694:case. 9704:JSTOR 9666:JSTOR 9628:(PDF) 9536:. In 9309:(PDF) 9302:(PDF) 8251:Notes 7479:Yemen 7309:hijab 7038:Islam 6827:Agree 6796:Views 6445:near 6389:Imams 5723:never 5660:Texas 5349:1,172 5328:3,106 5307:2,402 5286:4,934 5265:3,615 5244:6,677 5223:2,531 5219:Idaho 5181:6,765 5160:2,599 5139:7,400 4929:7,065 4845:6,201 4799:Texas 4782:7,528 4673:Maine 4398:State 4375:team 4337:halal 4329:music 4092:Islam 3709:Yemen 3705:Syria 3619:salat 3246:Yakub 2745:) in 2700:Turks 2684:Islam 2627:iftar 2507:Surat 2434:salat 2393:Many 2274:Quran 2226:Timbo 2216:Tunis 2065:Islam 2059:, or 2045:Sunni 1936:Islam 1871:Tonga 1861:Samoa 1851:Palau 1831:Nauru 1764:Wales 1724:Spain 1642:Malta 1612:Italy 1427:Haiti 1367:Chile 1307:Yemen 1262:Syria 1242:Qatar 1217:Nepal 1192:Macau 1155:Korea 1140:Japan 1115:India 1090:China 1000:Sudan 945:Niger 888:Libya 873:Kenya 853:Ghana 843:Gabon 818:Egypt 758:Benin 625:Jihad 574:Quran 535:Women 478:Music 416:Sunni 265:(law) 213:Sirah 194:Quran 178:Texts 60:Islam 19142:Arts 19073:POWs 19007:Diet 18937:Zina 18909:Mahr 18895:Haya 18859:Wudu 18806:Riba 18719:LGBT 18611:Life 18484:Shia 18479:Sufi 18264:Hajj 18250:Sawm 18008:Hapa 17625:Zuni 17605:Pima 17491:Pomo 17364:Crow 17359:Cree 16516:Asia 16074:Jews 15947:LGBT 15751:Saba 15671:and 15609:Peru 15534:Cuba 15254:city 15218:Guam 14784:ISBN 14762:ISBN 14743:ISBN 14695:ISBN 14656:2019 14570:2011 14521:2015 14477:2015 14461:ISSN 14438:2015 14397:2016 14367:2016 14336:2009 14310:2007 14284:2016 14231:2015 14205:2015 14116:2011 14090:2018 14057:2011 13993:2011 13967:2011 13921:2011 13841:2020 13833:PRRI 13794:2008 13717:2021 13692:2020 13643:2021 13617:2016 13591:2011 13561:2021 13490:2011 13436:2023 13428:Vice 13403:2011 13371:2011 13326:2011 13300:2011 13274:2021 13246:2022 13220:2015 13192:2013 13159:2013 13133:2011 13107:2014 13081:2015 13037:2017 13001:2011 12975:2011 12949:2024 12906:2011 12770:2015 12744:2011 12700:2024 12674:2024 12607:2019 12584:2018 12507:2018 12476:2023 12410:2023 12384:2023 12357:2014 12330:2014 12255:2021 12227:2024 12177:2023 12151:2023 12125:2021 12097:2020 12071:2016 12017:2018 11988:2022 11952:2021 11926:2022 11903:2021 11881:2013 11854:2015 11827:2022 11802:2024 11772:2011 11746:2015 11717:PMID 11678:2016 11637:PMID 11586:ISBN 11565:2018 11535:2007 11505:2007 11474:2007 11442:2012 11363:2021 11300:2017 11238:2020 11205:2016 11172:2015 11146:2013 11054:2011 11028:2011 11002:2011 10933:2017 10906:2021 10895:ISSN 10797:OCLC 10787:ISBN 10760:OCLC 10750:ISBN 10727:2021 10689:2014 10600:ISBN 10546:ISBN 10490:OCLC 10480:ISBN 10432:2013 10401:2012 10368:2007 10279:OCLC 10221:ISBN 10203:OCLC 10193:ISBN 10172:2021 10133:2015 10084:2023 10040:2014 9946:2010 9934:Time 9890:2011 9864:2011 9838:2011 9793:2017 9635:2012 9581:ISBN 9556:ISBN 9503:LCCN 9493:ISBN 9475:and 9446:2018 9421:2018 9363:2011 9317:2011 9285:2011 9259:2011 9230:2017 9193:ISBN 9170:2014 9119:2011 9089:2013 9061:2015 9048:ISBN 9028:2015 9015:ISBN 8994:2015 8963:2015 8950:ISBN 8929:2015 8898:2015 8860:2019 8835:2024 8803:ISBN 8778:ISBN 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