469:
275:
833:
780:
leave the ancestry question blank on their census forms. Ethnicity is receding from the consciousness of many white
Americans. Because national origins do not count for very much in contemporary America, many whites are content with a simplified Americanized racial identity. The loss of specific ancestral attachments among many white Americans also results from high patterns of intermarriage and ethnic blending among whites of different European stocks."
376:
1412:
its mind, the
American nation-state, its land, its history, its mission and its Anglo-American people were woven into one great tapestry of the imagination. This social construction considered the United States to be founded by the "Americans", who thereby had title to the land and the mandate to mould the nation (and any immigrants who might enter it) in their own Anglo-Saxon, Protestant self-image.
775:
write "As whites become increasingly distant in generations and time from their immigrant ancestors, the tendency to distort, or remember selectively, one's ethnic origins increases.... thnic categories are social phenomena that over the long run are constantly being redefined and reformulated." Mary
578:
data, an increasing number of United States citizens identify simply as "American" on the question of ancestry. The Census Bureau reports the number of people in the United States who reported "American" and no other ancestry increased from 12.4 million in 1990 to 20.2 million in 2000. This increase
1411:
In the case of the United States, the national ethnic group was Anglo-American
Protestant ("American"). This was the first European group to "imagine" the territory of the United States as its homeland and trace its genealogy back to New World colonists who rebelled against their mother country. In
791:
Some people identify their ancestry as
American. This could be because their ancestors have been in United States for so long or they have such mixed backgrounds that they do not identify with any particular group. Some foreign born or children of the foreign born may report American to show that
779:
Professors
Anthony Daniel Perez and Charles Hirschman write "European national origins are still common among whites—almost 3 of 5 whites name one or more European countries in response to the ancestry question. ... However, a significant share of whites respond that they are simply "American" or
320:
has been explained primarily in psychological and economic terms to the neglect of a crucial cultural and ethnic dimension. Kauffman contends
American nativism cannot be understood without reference to the theorem of the age that an "American" national ethnic group had taken shape prior to the
1220:
To be or to become an
American, a person did not have to be of any particular national, linguistic, religious, or ethnic background. All he had to do was to commit himself to the political ideology centered on the abstract ideals of liberty, equality, and republicanism. Thus the universalist
776:
C. Waters contends that white
Americans of European origin are afforded a wide range of choice: "In a sense, they are constantly given an actual choice—they can either identify themselves with their ethnic ancestry or they can 'melt' into the wider society and call themselves American."
642:
243:
to identify an ancestral or cultural identity dates to the late 1500s, with the term signifying "the indigenous peoples discovered in the
Western Hemisphere by Europeans." In the following century, the term "American" was extended as a reference to colonists of European descent. The
312:. He believed "(t)he conquest and settlement by the whites of the Indian lands was necessary to the greatness of the race...." "We are making a new race, a new type, in this country." Roosevelt's "race" beliefs were not unique in the 19th and early 20th century. Professor
764:
Reynolds Farley writes that "we may now be in an era of optional ethnicity, in which no simple census question will distinguish those who identify strongly with a specific
European group from those who report symbolic or imagined ethnicity."
159:. The majority of these respondents are visibly white and do not identify with their ancestral European ethnic origins. The latter response is attributed to a multitude of generational distance from ancestral lineages, and these tend be
809:. The study concluded that Inferred British/Irish ancestry is found in European Americans from all states at mean proportions of more than 20% and represents a majority of ancestry (more than 50% mean proportion) in states such as
1611:
The upsurge of the faithful fueled bigotry among Americans who demonized cities and discounted foreigners, especially Catholics and Jews, as true citizens. Old stock American nativists feared that "papists"...
821:. These states are similarly highlighted in the map of the self-reported "American" ethnicity in the US Census survey, which might reflect regions with lower subsequent migration from other parts of Europe.
594:, making them the largest group at the time. In the 2000 United States Census, 6.9% of the American population chose to self-identify itself as having "American ancestry." The four states in which a
465:; "Ancestry refers to a person's ethnic origin or descent, 'roots,' or heritage, or the place of birth of the person or the person's parents or ancestors before their arrival in the United States."
2156:
1238:
756:
demography is considered to be seriously undercounted, as the 6.9% of U.S. Census respondents who self-report and identify simply as "American" are primarily of these ancestries.
861:
677:
and Indiana did so. American was one of the top five ancestries reported in all Southern states except for Delaware, in four Midwestern states bordering the South (Indiana,
2444:
579:
represents the largest numerical growth of any ethnic group in the United States during the 1990s. The state with the largest increase over the past two census was
2580:
2523:
792:
they are part of American society. There are many reasons people may report their ancestors as American, and the growth in this response has been substantial.
3666:
3792:
3782:
3742:
2160:
322:
4721:
4716:
4666:
451:
152:
1203:
3426:
2437:
434:
from Southern and Eastern European countries was ratified, also quantifying previous formal and informal anti-Asian previsions, such as the
131:
2590:
2558:
2488:
721:. The pattern of areas with high levels of American is similar to that of areas with high levels of not reporting any national ancestry.
249:
4706:
3735:
2608:
2848:
2508:
2462:
2430:
2890:
2732:
2707:
2575:
871:
2339:
2917:
2548:
2528:
2518:
2483:
657:. American was the fourth most common ancestry reported in the Midwest (6.5%) and West (4.1%). All Southern states except for
328:"Nativism" gained its name from the "Native American" parties of the 1840s and 1850s. In this context, "Native" does not mean
3909:
2853:
2503:
2226:
2091:
1922:
1895:
1868:
1835:
1802:
1775:
1748:
1721:
1694:
1661:
1634:
1604:
1550:
1523:
1496:
1462:
1435:
1349:
1316:
1289:
1186:
1147:
1117:
1065:
1009:
982:
955:
543:
369:
349:
337:
329:
2030:
Lieberson, Stanley & Waters, Mary C. (1986). "Ethnic Groups in Flux: The Changing Ethnic Responses of American Whites".
2824:
2623:
2553:
2538:
3893:
3123:
3116:
3049:
2836:
2722:
2563:
2000:
Lieberson, Stanley; Santi, Lawrence (1985). "The Use of Nativity Data to Estimate Ethnic Characteristics and Patterns".
2944:
2841:
2819:
2638:
2498:
802:
392:
317:
265:
114:
3822:
2675:
2618:
2570:
2493:
2453:
1577:
1213:
404:
140:
110:
2754:
2712:
2697:
2513:
439:
218:
4711:
2764:
2702:
365:
269:
1221:
ideological character of American nationality meant that it was open to anyone who willed to become an American.
645:
Map showing areas in red with high concentration of people who self-report as having "American" ancestry in 2000
2809:
2784:
2665:
2585:
2478:
2132:
412:
2157:"Selected Social Characteristics in the United States (DP02): 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates"
2107:
4345:
2645:
2613:
2600:
345:
309:
253:
4415:
2717:
2650:
2543:
2267:
Bryc, Katarzyna; Durand, Eric Y.; Macpherson, J. Michael; Reich, David; Mountain, Joanna L. (2015-01-08).
4681:
4656:
4452:
2789:
1596:
The Civil War Era and Reconstruction: An Encyclopedia of Social, Political, Cultural and Economic History
1026:
846:
784:
396:
184:
248:
identifies this secondary meaning as "historical" and states that the term "American" today "chiefly a
4437:
2660:
2182:
Lieberson, Stanley (1985). "The Use of Nativity Data to Estimate Ethnic Characteristics and Patterns".
575:
388:
4661:
4628:
4272:
3752:
3350:
2269:"The Genetic Ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States"
1372:"American Exceptionalism Reconsidered: Anglo-Saxon Ethnogenesis in the "Universal" Nation, 1776–1850"
1254:
725:
587:
187:
183:
ancestries, as demographers have observed that those ancestries tend to be recently undercounted in
4726:
4676:
4651:
3435:
3282:
3004:
2954:
2900:
2692:
67:
20:
1624:
4613:
4220:
3762:
2932:
2868:
1259:
900:
431:
1341:
4400:
2959:
2814:
2685:
2242:
2218:
1087:"The Changing Racial and Ethnic Composition of the US Population: Emerging American Identities"
1086:
749:
650:
481:
468:
423:
296:
and asks, "Why should I let these freaks cast whole ballots when they are only half Americans?"
168:
63:
1912:
1885:
1825:
1651:
1594:
1567:
1513:
1486:
1452:
1425:
1306:
1279:
1137:
972:
945:
4580:
4497:
4462:
4457:
4358:
3817:
3787:
3517:
3480:
3402:
3250:
3245:
2858:
2759:
2533:
2081:
1860:
1792:
1765:
1738:
1711:
1684:
1540:
1176:
1107:
1055:
999:
565:
435:
427:
16:
People in the United States who self-identify their ancestral origin or descent as "American"
4570:
4560:
4550:
4540:
4492:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4363:
3802:
3767:
3757:
3594:
3412:
3382:
3336:
3202:
3177:
2999:
2937:
2829:
1947:
838:
631:
391:
from the 1830s to the 1850s, primarily in response to a surge of Catholic immigration. The
361:
274:
194:
8:
4565:
4535:
4525:
4515:
4395:
4289:
3888:
3881:
3859:
3837:
3832:
3720:
3641:
3460:
3397:
3367:
3319:
3309:
3262:
3238:
3192:
3187:
3035:
2905:
2863:
2794:
2779:
2774:
2670:
856:
341:
293:
144:
1887:
Ideas and Movements that Shaped America: From the Bill of Rights to "Occupy Wall Street"
4588:
4555:
4545:
4520:
4429:
4368:
4353:
4338:
3807:
3777:
3705:
3683:
3651:
3629:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3561:
3522:
3512:
3507:
3470:
3445:
3372:
3314:
3277:
3226:
3221:
3093:
3086:
3071:
3054:
3030:
3009:
2994:
2984:
2969:
2949:
2927:
2873:
2804:
2769:
2410:
2394:
2346:
2316:
2303:
2268:
2211:
2047:
1982:
1966:
1402:
1394:
1334:
866:
851:
745:
710:
553:
497:
462:
301:
176:
4530:
4472:
4405:
3864:
3849:
3842:
3812:
3772:
3747:
3730:
3688:
3656:
3646:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3549:
3544:
3537:
3527:
3465:
3450:
3392:
3387:
3355:
3324:
3287:
3272:
3255:
3214:
3182:
3160:
3133:
3081:
2979:
2974:
2964:
2922:
2910:
2799:
2749:
2402:
2308:
2290:
2222:
2195:
2087:
2013:
1974:
1918:
1891:
1864:
1853:
1831:
1798:
1771:
1744:
1717:
1690:
1657:
1630:
1600:
1573:
1546:
1519:
1492:
1458:
1431:
1406:
1345:
1312:
1285:
1209:
1182:
1143:
1113:
1061:
1005:
978:
951:
806:
768:
753:
333:
305:
214:
210:
180:
164:
127:
4262:
4076:
2422:
2414:
2350:
2051:
1986:
1794:
Americanism and Americanization: A Critical History of Domestic and Global Influence
332:
or American Indian, but rather those descended from the inhabitants of the original
4482:
4477:
4467:
4447:
4126:
4004:
3924:
3854:
3827:
3797:
3710:
3693:
3671:
3589:
3500:
3495:
3485:
3421:
3329:
3302:
3292:
3267:
3233:
3165:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3128:
3076:
3066:
3059:
3040:
3016:
2989:
2895:
2628:
2384:
2320:
2298:
2280:
2191:
2039:
2009:
1956:
1386:
741:
737:
654:
591:
558:
548:
538:
530:
509:
492:
487:
419:
96:
4442:
4390:
4031:
3994:
3949:
3876:
3725:
3715:
3678:
3661:
3634:
3569:
3490:
3475:
3455:
3377:
3360:
3341:
3297:
3207:
3197:
3170:
3155:
3111:
2680:
729:
583:, where in 2000, over 1.5 million residents reported having "American ancestry."
523:
280:
240:
234:
172:
160:
2043:
4623:
4284:
4237:
4101:
4096:
4061:
4046:
3624:
3440:
3407:
2885:
2880:
2285:
1827:
Nativism and Slavery: The Northern Know Nothings and the Politics of the 1850's
772:
748:
in the United States, forming 37.8% of the total population. However, English,
733:
627:
623:
516:
502:
1767:
Nativism and Slavery: The Northern Know Nothings and the Politics of the 1850s
1740:
Nativism and Slavery: The Northern Know Nothings and the Politics of the 1850s
1427:
Nativism and Slavery: The Northern Know Nothings and the Politics of the 1850s
1390:
595:
473:
4700:
4329:
4200:
4148:
4136:
4131:
4121:
4111:
4106:
4026:
3999:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3532:
2655:
2294:
1914:
What Is "Your" Race?: The Census and Our Flawed Efforts to Classify Americans
611:
400:
353:
313:
83:
1371:
348:, Sweden, the Netherlands, and even modern-day Russia and Finland. They saw
4309:
4185:
3969:
2312:
1024:
408:
380:
202:
2406:
1978:
4304:
4225:
4205:
4091:
3964:
3869:
941:
810:
619:
285:
197:
data indicates "American ancestry" is most commonly self-reported in the
1713:
The Nativist Movement in America: Religious Conflict in the 19th Century
1542:
The Nativist Movement in America: Religious Conflict in the 19th Century
1398:
1308:
Race and Manifest Destiny: The Origins of American Racial Anglo-Saxonism
4267:
4210:
4041:
2398:
1970:
1484:
222:
206:
198:
4314:
4066:
4641:
4618:
4593:
4319:
4215:
4071:
4021:
3939:
1027:"The Largest Ancestry Groups in the United States - Business Insider"
818:
607:
289:
156:
79:
27:
4051:
2389:
2372:
1961:
1942:
1423:
1139:
Immigrants in American History: Arrival, Adaptation, and Integration
997:
4598:
4252:
4242:
4170:
4143:
4056:
4036:
3974:
3954:
3934:
3929:
1883:
814:
694:
682:
674:
662:
658:
603:
599:
477:
148:
75:
71:
375:
4677:
Race and ethnicity in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
4410:
4324:
4299:
4247:
4232:
4116:
3944:
3914:
2633:
2130:
1656:. ACLS Humanities E-Book. Rutgers University Press. p. 181.
714:
666:
635:
615:
407:
was formed in 1848. Popularised nativist movements included the
4603:
4195:
4180:
4175:
4163:
4158:
4086:
4016:
3919:
3698:
1686:
Anti-communism in Twentieth-century America: A Critical History
1653:
Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925
1336:
Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925
702:
678:
653:
as a whole, 11.2% reported "American" ancestry, second only to
641:
357:
2373:"The New Census Question about Ancestry: What Did It Tell Us?"
2032:
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
1943:"The New Census Question about Ancestry: What Did It Tell Us?"
862:
Historical racial and ethnic demographics of the United States
403:
anti-Irish, anti-German, and anti-Catholic secret society the
4294:
4277:
4257:
4190:
4153:
4081:
4011:
2083:
The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 6: Ethnicity
1855:
A Tragedy of Democracy: Japanese Confinement in North America
1178:
The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 6: Ethnicity
896:
718:
698:
670:
580:
26:
For the article on the population of the United States, see
4608:
3959:
1569:
Becoming Old Stock: The Paradox of German-American Identity
1202:
Petersen, William; Novak, Michael; Gleason, Philip (1982).
970:
706:
690:
686:
673:
reported 10% or more American, but outside the South, only
399:
of the preceding spring and summer, in December 1844. The
2266:
940:
590:, 26% of United States residents cited that they were of
1093:. 2009;35(1):1-51. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2009.00260.x.
304:
asserted that an "American race" had been formed on the
4673:
Births of U.S. states and territories by race/ethnicity
1109:
Sharing the Dream: White Males in Multicultural America
217:
not with ancestry, race, or ethnicity, but rather with
1784:
947:
American Identity and the Politics of Multiculturalism
783:
The response of American ancestry is addressed by the
2452:
2108:"Ancestry of the Population by State: 1980 - Table 3"
1488:
The Brief American Pageant: A History of the Republic
1417:
1135:
308:, one distinct from other ethnic groups, such as the
1592:
1565:
1485:
David M. Kennedy; Lizabeth Cohen; Mel Piehl (2017).
1201:
1181:. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 19–.
828:
395:
was founded as a nativist fraternity, following the
1797:. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. p. 52.
1053:
614:(18.7%). Sizable percentages of the populations of
430:. Nativism would eventually influence Congress; in
2210:
2086:. University of North Carolina Press. p. 19.
1852:
1770:. Oxford University Press. pp. 59 (note 18).
1643:
1333:
598:of the population reported American ancestry were
2063:
2061:
991:
936:
934:
4698:
1622:
1478:
1444:
1304:
1025:Liz O'Connor, Gus Lubin and Dina Specto (2013).
964:
950:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 153–159.
921:
919:
917:
426:acquired a restrictive political meaning due to
2029:
1910:
1424:Tyler Anbinder; Tyler Gregory Anbinder (1992).
998:Kazimierz J. Zaniewski; Carol J. Rosen (1998).
2338:
2213:Ethnic Options: Choosing Identities in America
2067:
2058:
1999:
1884:Michael Green; Scott L. Stabler Ph.D. (2015).
1877:
1823:
1763:
1736:
1311:. Harvard University Press. pp. 302–304.
1277:
1162:
1156:
1105:
1049:
1047:
931:
925:
452:Race and ethnicity in the United States Census
153:officially recognized racial and ethnic groups
2438:
1850:
1817:
1757:
1682:
1616:
1586:
1131:
1129:
914:
2025:
2023:
1844:
1730:
1101:
1099:
1004:. Univ. of Wisconsin Press. pp. 65–69.
2235:
2079:
1917:. Princeton University Press. p. 177.
1904:
1790:
1676:
1572:. Princeton University Press. p. 122.
1511:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1331:
1298:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1174:
1044:
744:(5.4%) were the four largest self-reported
151:as "American", rather than the more common
2445:
2431:
2217:. University of California Press. p.
2175:
2131:Census Atlas of the United States (2013).
1325:
1126:
1001:The Atlas of Ethnic Diversity in Wisconsin
2388:
2302:
2284:
2181:
2020:
1960:
1709:
1559:
1538:
1505:
1096:
805:analyzed the genetic ancestry of 148,789
638:(11.8%) also reported American ancestry.
2149:
2126:
2124:
2073:
1830:. Oxford University Press. p. 272.
1532:
1515:Dissent: The History of an American Idea
1430:. Oxford University Press. p. 107.
1369:
1358:
1266:
1208:. Harvard University Press. p. 62.
640:
467:
422:(pre-Civil War), between 1830 and 1860,
374:
273:
209:, a far greater number of Americans and
4722:European-American culture in Appalachia
4642:People of the United States / Americans
2891:Southeast Africans in the United States
2849:African immigrants to the United States
1936:
1934:
1743:. Oxford University Press. p. 20.
1703:
1457:University of Iowa Press. p. 174.
1281:Theodore Roosevelt and the Idea of Race
1168:
1081:
1079:
1077:
872:Race and ethnicity in the United States
344:," were predominantly Protestants from
259:
4699:
2918:Southern Africans in the United States
2760:Afro-Caribbean / West Indian Americans
2370:
2273:The American Journal of Human Genetics
2208:
1940:
1649:
1626:Encyclopedia of U.S. Political History
1491:. Cengage Learning. pp. 218–220.
1233:
1231:
1229:
971:Garrick Bailey; James Peoples (2013).
889:
801:A 2015 genetic study published in the
432:1924, legislation limiting immigration
4717:Culture of the Southern United States
2854:Central Africans in the United States
2426:
2121:
1859:. Columbia University Press. p.
1340:. Rutgers University Press. pp.
2825:Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans
2340:"Ancestry: 2000 (Census 2000 Brief)"
2159:. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from
1931:
1450:
1074:
759:
717:), but only one Northeastern state,
58:Regions with significant populations
3894:White Hispanic and Latino Americans
3117:Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans
3050:North Africans in the United States
2837:Black Hispanic and Latino Americans
1226:
974:Essentials of Cultural Anthropology
456:
387:Nativist outbursts occurred in the
323:immigration of the mid-19th century
190:ancestry self-reporting estimates.
13:
2945:West Africans in the United States
2820:Stateside Virgin Islands Americans
1057:American Folklore: An Encyclopedia
803:American Journal of Human Genetics
693:, and in six Northwestern states (
393:Order of United American Mechanics
356:values, as they were loyal to the
266:Nativism in United States politics
14:
4738:
4707:Demographics of the United States
4489:Americans of Euro Oceanic origin
3823:Nordic and Scandinavian Americans
2454:Demographics of the United States
1112:. A&C Black. pp. 57–60.
1091:Population and Development Review
977:. Cengage Learning. p. 215.
405:Order of the Star Spangled Banner
239:The earliest attested use of the
4667:Race and ethnicity in the census
2755:African diaspora in the Americas
2371:Farley, Reynolds (August 1991).
1175:Celeste Ray (February 1, 2014).
831:
2765:Antiguan and Barbudan Americans
2260:
2202:
2100:
1993:
1518:. NYU Press. pp. 268–270.
1195:
445:
270:Xenophobia in the United States
141:demography of the United States
2810:Kittian and Nevisian Americans
2785:Dominican Americans (Dominica)
1136:Elliott Robert Barkan (2013).
1018:
480:) ancestry background in each
413:Immigration Restriction League
409:Know Nothing or American Party
381:Know Nothing or American Party
1:
4346:Hispanic and Latino Americans
1593:Mary Ellen Snodgrass (2015).
1566:Russell Andrew Kazal (2004).
877:
440:Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907
436:Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
155:that make up the bulk of the
52:2021 estimates, self-reported
4416:Indigenous Mexican Americans
2196:10.1016/0049-089X(85)90011-0
2014:10.1016/0049-089X(85)90011-0
1054:Jan Harold Brunvand (2006).
882:
254:citizen of the United States
228:
7:
4657:Maps of American ancestries
4453:French Polynesian Americans
2790:Dutch West Indian Americans
2349:. June 2004. Archived from
2044:10.1177/0002716286487001004
1379:Journal of American Studies
1142:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 791–.
847:19th-century Anglo-Saxonism
824:
796:
785:United States Census Bureau
397:Philadelphia nativist riots
352:as a threat to traditional
10:
4743:
4438:Pacific Islander Americans
2331:
2286:10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.11.010
1599:. Routledge. p. 130.
449:
263:
232:
147:their ancestral origin or
25:
18:
4637:
4629:Punjabi Mexican Americans
4579:
4508:
4428:
3902:
3753:Liechtensteiner Americans
3560:
3104:
2742:
2731:
2599:
2469:
2460:
1941:Farley, Reynolds (1991).
1890:. ABC-CLIO. p. 714.
1716:. Routledge. p. 87.
1623:Andrew Robertson (2010).
1545:. Routledge. p. 88.
1391:10.1017/S0021875899006180
1305:Reginald Horsman (2009).
1255:Oxford English Dictionary
1060:. Routledge. p. 54.
944:; David O. Sears (2014).
726:American Community Survey
364:is often identified with
246:Oxford English Dictionary
188:American Community Survey
126:
121:
108:
103:
97:American English dialects
94:
89:
62:
57:
46:
41:
4652:Native American ancestry
3427:Hungarian Slovak Gypsies
3283:Indo-Caribbean Americans
3005:Sierra Leonean Americans
2955:Bissau-Guinean Americans
2901:South Sudanese Americans
2209:Waters, Mary C. (1990).
1911:Kenneth Prewitt (2013).
1791:van Elteren, M. (2006).
1689:. ABC-CLIO. p. 11.
1370:Kaufmann, E. P. (1999).
746:European ancestry groups
68:Midwestern United States
21:Native American ancestry
19:Not to be confused with
4614:Louisiana Creole people
3763:Luxembourgish Americans
2933:South African Americans
2869:Equatoguinean Americans
2184:Social Science Research
2002:Social Science Research
1824:Tyler Anbinder (1992).
1764:Tyler Anbinder (1992).
1737:Tyler Anbinder (1992).
1629:. SAGE. p. aa266.
1278:Thomas G. Dyer (1992).
1260:Oxford University Press
1106:Dominic Pulera (2004).
1085:Perez AD, Hirschman C.
901:University of Minnesota
370:anti-Catholic sentiment
4712:Southern United States
4401:Puerto Rican Americans
2960:Cape Verdean Americans
2815:Saint Lucian Americans
2591:Ethnocultural politics
2559:Racial achievement gap
2489:Educational attainment
1851:Greg Robinson (2009).
1683:Larry Ceplair (2011).
794:
651:Southern United States
646:
571:
384:
297:
64:Southern United States
4498:New Zealand Americans
4463:Micronesian Americans
4458:Marshallese Americans
4359:Costa Rican Americans
3818:Sammarinese Americans
3788:Montenegrin Americans
3518:Azerbaijani Americans
3481:Palestinian Americans
3403:Singaporean Americans
3251:Bangladeshi Americans
2859:Cameroonian Americans
2581:Unemployment by state
1205:Concepts of Ethnicity
789:
644:
471:
450:Further information:
428:nativist moral panics
411:of the 1850s and the
378:
277:
264:Further information:
233:Further information:
122:Related ethnic groups
4571:Venezuelan Americans
4561:Surinamese Americans
4551:Paraguayan Americans
4541:Ecuadorian Americans
4493:Australian Americans
4384:Salvadoran Americans
4379:Panamanian Americans
4374:Nicaraguan Americans
4364:Guatemalan Americans
3803:Portuguese Americans
3768:Macedonian Americans
3758:Lithuanian Americans
3595:Belarusian Americans
3413:Vietnamese Americans
3383:Indonesian Americans
3337:Sri Lankan Americans
3203:Fuzhounese Americans
3000:Senegalese Americans
2938:Zimbabwean Americans
2830:Vincentian Americans
2163:on February 14, 2020
2080:Celeste Ray (2014).
1512:Ralph Young (2015).
1332:John Higham (2002).
839:United States portal
362:American nationalism
284:, August 9, 1899 by
260:Historical reference
4566:Uruguayan Americans
4536:Colombian Americans
4526:Brazilian Americans
4516:Argentine Americans
4396:Dominican Americans
4290:Alaskan Athabaskans
3889:Non-Hispanic whites
3882:Ukrainian Americans
3860:Slovenian Americans
3838:Norwegian Americans
3833:Icelandic Americans
3721:Hungarian Americans
3667:Dagestani Americans
3642:Bulgarian Americans
3461:Jordanian Americans
3398:Malaysian Americans
3368:Cambodian Americans
3320:Pakistani Americans
3310:Maldivian Americans
3263:Bhutanese Americans
3239:Mongolian Americans
3193:Taiwanese Americans
3188:Hong Kong Americans
3036:Ethiopian Americans
2906:Tanzanian Americans
2864:Congolese Americans
2795:Grenadian Americans
2780:Bermudian Americans
2775:Barbadian Americans
2509:Housing segregation
2463:Demographic history
2356:on December 4, 2004
2068:Ancestry: 2000 2004
1650:Higham, J. (2002).
1163:Ancestry: 2000 2004
1031:Businessinsider.com
926:Ancestry: 2000 2004
857:Hyphenated American
354:American republican
350:Catholic immigrants
342:Old Stock Americans
316:has suggested that
250:native (birthright)
132:American ancestries
38:
4556:Peruvian Americans
4546:Guyanese Americans
4521:Bolivian Americans
4443:Chamorro Americans
4369:Honduran Americans
4354:Belizean Americans
4339:Canadian Americans
3808:Romanian Americans
3778:Moldovan Americans
3706:Galician Americans
3684:Estonian Americans
3652:Croatian Americans
3630:Scottish Americans
3585:Austrian Americans
3580:Asturian Americans
3575:Albanian Americans
3523:Georgian Americans
3513:Assyrian Americans
3508:Armenian Americans
3471:Lebanese Americans
3446:Bahraini Americans
3373:Filipino Americans
3315:Nepalese Americans
3278:Gujarati Americans
3227:Ryukyuan Americans
3222:Japanese Americans
3094:Sudanese Americans
3087:Tunisian Americans
3072:Algerian Americans
3055:Egyptian Americans
3031:Eritrean Americans
3010:Togolese Americans
2995:Nigerian Americans
2985:Liberian Americans
2970:Ghanaian Americans
2950:Beninese Americans
2928:Malawian Americans
2874:Gabonese Americans
2805:Jamaican Americans
2770:Bahamian Americans
2676:Moorish Scientists
2576:Standard of living
2347:U.S. Census Bureau
1710:Katie Oxx (2013).
1539:Katie Oxx (2013).
852:Canadian ethnicity
807:European Americans
647:
572:
463:U.S. Census Bureau
385:
340:ancestry). These "
302:Theodore Roosevelt
298:
185:U.S. Census Bureau
48:19,364,103 (5.93%)
36:
4694:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4647:American ancestry
4531:Chilean Americans
4473:Palauan Americans
4406:Mexican Americans
3865:Spanish Americans
3850:Serbian Americans
3843:Swedish Americans
3813:Russian Americans
3793:Occitan Americans
3783:Monacan Americans
3773:Maltese Americans
3748:Latvian Americans
3743:Kosovan Americans
3731:Italian Americans
3689:Finnish Americans
3657:Cypriot Americans
3647:Catalan Americans
3620:English Americans
3615:Cornish Americans
3610:British Americans
3605:Bosnian Americans
3600:Belgian Americans
3550:Turkish Americans
3545:Kurdish Americans
3538:Israeli Americans
3528:Iranian Americans
3466:Kuwaiti Americans
3451:Emirati Americans
3393:Laotian Americans
3388:Iu Mien Americans
3356:Burmese Americans
3325:Punjabi Americans
3288:Punjabi Americans
3273:Bengali Americans
3256:Bengali Americans
3215:Tibetan Americans
3183:Chinese Americans
3161:Turkmen Americans
3134:Pashtun Americans
3082:Moroccan American
2980:Ivorian Americans
2975:Guinean Americans
2965:Gambian Americans
2923:Angolan Americans
2911:Ugandan Americans
2800:Haitian Americans
2750:African Americans
2549:Racial inequality
2519:Income inequality
2484:Gender inequality
2228:978-0-520-07083-7
2093:978-1-4696-1658-2
1924:978-1-4008-4679-5
1897:978-1-61069-252-6
1870:978-0-231-52012-6
1837:978-0-19-508922-6
1804:978-0-7864-2785-7
1777:978-0-19-508922-6
1750:978-0-19-508922-6
1723:978-1-136-17603-6
1696:978-1-4408-0047-4
1663:978-0-8135-3123-6
1636:978-0-87289-320-7
1606:978-1-317-45791-6
1552:978-1-136-17603-6
1525:978-1-4798-1452-7
1498:978-1-285-19329-8
1464:978-1-60938-093-9
1454:The American H.D.
1451:Debo, A. (2012).
1437:978-0-19-507233-4
1351:978-0-8135-3123-6
1318:978-0-674-03877-6
1291:978-0-8071-1808-5
1188:978-1-4696-1658-2
1149:978-1-59884-219-7
1119:978-0-8264-1643-8
1067:978-1-135-57878-7
1011:978-0-299-16070-8
984:978-1-285-41555-0
957:978-0-521-82883-3
769:Stanley Lieberson
760:Academic analysis
742:Italian Americans
738:English Americans
420:antebellum period
338:Colonial American
334:Thirteen Colonies
318:American nativism
306:American frontier
294:hyphenated voters
215:national identity
137:
136:
128:White Southerners
37:American ancestry
4734:
4483:Tongan Americans
4478:Samoan Americans
4468:Native Hawaiians
4448:Fijian Americans
4350:Central America
3910:Native Americans
3855:Slovak Americans
3828:Danish Americans
3798:Polish Americans
3711:German Americans
3694:French Americans
3672:Lezgin Americans
3590:Basque Americans
3533:Jewish Americans
3501:Yemeni Americans
3496:Syrian Americans
3486:Qatari Americans
3422:Romani Americans
3330:Sindhi Americans
3303:Telugu Americans
3293:Sindhi Americans
3268:Indian Americans
3234:Korean Americans
3166:Uyghur Americans
3151:Kyrgyz Americans
3146:Kazakh Americans
3141:Baloch Americans
3129:Afghan Americans
3077:Libyan Americans
3067:Berber Americans
3060:Coptic Americans
3041:Somali Americans
3017:Yoruba Americans
2990:Malian Americans
2896:Kenyan Americans
2740:
2739:
2733:By continent and
2504:Household income
2447:
2440:
2433:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2392:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2355:
2344:
2325:
2324:
2306:
2288:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2243:"About Ancestry"
2239:
2233:
2232:
2216:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2112:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2056:
2055:
2027:
2018:
2017:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1964:
1938:
1929:
1928:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1858:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1376:
1367:
1356:
1355:
1339:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1275:
1264:
1263:
1251:
1235:
1224:
1223:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1133:
1124:
1123:
1103:
1094:
1083:
1072:
1071:
1051:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1022:
1016:
1015:
995:
989:
988:
968:
962:
961:
938:
929:
923:
912:
911:
909:
907:
893:
841:
836:
835:
834:
754:British American
730:German Americans
655:African American
592:British ancestry
576:2000 U.S. census
570:
568:
563:
561:
560:African American
556:
551:
546:
541:
535:
533:
528:
526:
521:
519:
514:
512:
507:
505:
500:
495:
490:
482:county in the US
457:Statistical data
53:
42:Total population
39:
35:
4742:
4741:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4732:
4731:
4727:White Americans
4697:
4696:
4695:
4686:
4633:
4575:
4504:
4424:
4391:Cuban Americans
4032:Mission Indians
3898:
3877:Swiss Americans
3726:Irish Americans
3716:Greek Americans
3679:Dutch Americans
3662:Czech Americans
3635:Welsh Americans
3570:White Americans
3556:
3491:Saudi Americans
3476:Omani Americans
3456:Iraqi Americans
3378:Hmong Americans
3361:Karen Americans
3342:Tamil Americans
3298:Tamil Americans
3208:Hoklo Americans
3198:Hakka Americans
3171:Uzbek Americans
3156:Tajik Americans
3112:Asian Americans
3100:
3027:Horn of Africa
2735:ethnic ancestry
2734:
2727:
2693:Native American
2681:Nation of Islam
2671:Five Percenters
2595:
2564:Racial wage gap
2554:Race and health
2539:Personal income
2471:
2465:
2456:
2451:
2421:
2390:10.2307/2061465
2359:
2357:
2353:
2342:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2265:
2261:
2252:
2250:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2207:
2203:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2129:
2122:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2078:
2074:
2066:
2059:
2028:
2021:
1998:
1994:
1962:10.2307/2061465
1939:
1932:
1925:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1882:
1878:
1871:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1822:
1818:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1735:
1731:
1724:
1708:
1704:
1697:
1681:
1677:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1621:
1617:
1607:
1591:
1587:
1580:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1449:
1445:
1438:
1422:
1418:
1374:
1368:
1359:
1352:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1276:
1267:
1249:
1237:
1236:
1227:
1216:
1200:
1196:
1189:
1173:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1104:
1097:
1084:
1075:
1068:
1052:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1023:
1019:
1012:
996:
992:
985:
969:
965:
958:
939:
932:
924:
915:
905:
903:
895:
894:
890:
885:
880:
837:
832:
830:
827:
799:
762:
734:Irish Americans
566:
564:
559:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
536:
531:
529:
524:
522:
517:
515:
510:
508:
503:
501:
496:
491:
486:
485:
459:
454:
448:
360:. This form of
272:
262:
241:term "American"
237:
235:American (word)
231:
161:Anglo-Americans
157:American people
51:
50:
34:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4740:
4730:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4692:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4585:
4583:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4512:
4510:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4487:
4486:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4434:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4342:
4341:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4285:Alaska Natives
4282:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4263:Tohono Oʼodham
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3625:Manx Americans
3622:
3617:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3566:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3441:Arab Americans
3432:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3408:Thai Americans
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3351:Southeast Asia
3348:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3265:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3190:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2888:
2886:Igbo Americans
2883:
2881:Fula Americans
2878:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2746:
2744:
2737:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2713:Scientologists
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2686:Value Creators
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2616:
2611:
2605:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2534:Middle classes
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2499:Home-ownership
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2450:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2427:
2420:
2419:
2383:(3): 411–429.
2367:
2366:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2259:
2234:
2227:
2201:
2174:
2148:
2120:
2099:
2092:
2072:
2057:
2019:
1992:
1955:(3): 411–429.
1930:
1923:
1903:
1896:
1876:
1869:
1843:
1836:
1816:
1803:
1783:
1776:
1756:
1749:
1729:
1722:
1702:
1695:
1675:
1662:
1642:
1635:
1615:
1605:
1585:
1578:
1558:
1551:
1531:
1524:
1504:
1497:
1477:
1463:
1443:
1436:
1416:
1357:
1350:
1324:
1317:
1297:
1290:
1265:
1225:
1214:
1194:
1187:
1167:
1155:
1148:
1125:
1118:
1095:
1073:
1066:
1043:
1017:
1010:
990:
983:
963:
956:
930:
913:
887:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
875:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
843:
842:
826:
823:
798:
795:
773:Mary C. Waters
761:
758:
628:South Carolina
624:North Carolina
461:According to
458:
455:
447:
444:
415:of the 1890s.
261:
258:
230:
227:
143:, some people
135:
134:
124:
123:
119:
118:
109:Predominantly
106:
105:
101:
100:
92:
91:
87:
86:
60:
59:
55:
54:
44:
43:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4739:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4509:South America
4507:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3903:North America
3901:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3095:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2842:Black Indians
2840:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2703:Non-religious
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2448:
2443:
2441:
2436:
2434:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2368:
2352:
2348:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2263:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2230:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2205:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2134:
2127:
2125:
2116:
2109:
2103:
2095:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2076:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2038:(79): 82–86.
2037:
2033:
2026:
2024:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1937:
1935:
1926:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1907:
1899:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1880:
1872:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1847:
1839:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1820:
1806:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1787:
1779:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1760:
1752:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1733:
1725:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1706:
1698:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1679:
1665:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1646:
1638:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1619:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1589:
1581:
1579:0-691-05015-5
1575:
1571:
1570:
1562:
1554:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1535:
1527:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1508:
1500:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1481:
1466:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1447:
1439:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1420:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1385:(3): 437–57.
1384:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1353:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1337:
1328:
1320:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1301:
1293:
1287:
1284:. LSU Press.
1283:
1282:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1222:
1217:
1215:9780674157262
1211:
1207:
1206:
1198:
1190:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1171:
1164:
1159:
1151:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1132:
1130:
1121:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1102:
1100:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1069:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1050:
1048:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1013:
1007:
1003:
1002:
994:
986:
980:
976:
975:
967:
959:
953:
949:
948:
943:
937:
935:
927:
922:
920:
918:
902:
898:
892:
888:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
844:
840:
829:
822:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
793:
788:
786:
781:
777:
774:
770:
766:
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
689:) as well as
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
643:
639:
637:
634:(13.3%), and
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
612:West Virginia
610:(17.3%), and
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
584:
582:
577:
574:According to
569:
562:
555:
550:
545:
540:
534:
527:
520:
513:
506:
499:
494:
489:
483:
479:
475:
470:
466:
464:
453:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:New York City
398:
394:
390:
382:
377:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
326:
324:
319:
315:
314:Eric Kaufmann
311:
307:
303:
295:
291:
287:
283:
282:
278:Cartoon from
276:
271:
267:
257:
255:
251:
247:
242:
236:
226:
224:
220:
216:
213:equate their
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
191:
189:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
145:self-identify
142:
133:
129:
125:
120:
116:
115:Protestantism
112:
107:
102:
98:
93:
88:
85:
84:West Virginia
81:
77:
73:
70:, especially
69:
65:
61:
56:
49:
45:
40:
29:
22:
4646:
3124:Central Asia
2723:Zoroastrians
2571:Social class
2380:
2376:
2360:December 10,
2358:. Retrieved
2351:the original
2279:(1): 37–53.
2276:
2272:
2262:
2251:. Retrieved
2249:. 2021-12-03
2246:
2237:
2212:
2204:
2190:(1): 44–46.
2187:
2183:
2177:
2167:November 10,
2165:. Retrieved
2161:the original
2151:
2139:. Retrieved
2114:
2102:
2082:
2075:
2035:
2031:
2008:(1): 44–46.
2005:
2001:
1995:
1952:
1946:
1913:
1906:
1886:
1879:
1854:
1846:
1826:
1819:
1808:. Retrieved
1793:
1786:
1766:
1759:
1739:
1732:
1712:
1705:
1685:
1678:
1667:. Retrieved
1652:
1645:
1625:
1618:
1610:
1595:
1588:
1568:
1561:
1541:
1534:
1514:
1507:
1487:
1480:
1468:. Retrieved
1453:
1446:
1426:
1419:
1410:
1382:
1378:
1335:
1327:
1307:
1300:
1280:
1253:
1244:
1240:
1219:
1204:
1197:
1177:
1170:
1158:
1138:
1108:
1090:
1056:
1034:. Retrieved
1030:
1020:
1000:
993:
973:
966:
946:
904:. Retrieved
891:
800:
790:
787:as follows:
782:
778:
767:
763:
750:Scotch-Irish
740:(7.6%), and
724:In the 2014
723:
648:
585:
573:
567:Puerto Rican
460:
446:Modern usage
417:
386:
379:Flag of the
327:
321:large-scale
310:Anglo-Saxons
299:
279:
245:
238:
203:Upland South
192:
169:Scotch-Irish
138:
111:Christianity
47:
33:Ethnic group
4662:2010 census
4581:Multiethnic
3870:Californios
3736:before 1880
2639:Protestants
2601:By religion
2514:Immigration
2470:By economic
2070:, p. 7
1239:"American,
1165:, p. 6
942:Jack Citrin
928:, p. 3
906:October 12,
897:"IPUMS USA"
867:Melting Pot
811:Mississippi
620:Mississippi
588:1980 census
424:Americanism
418:During the
286:J. S. Pughe
219:citizenship
211:expatriates
195:U.S. census
4701:Categories
4589:Afro-Asian
4211:Potawatomi
4042:Chemehuevi
3246:South Asia
2708:Rastafaris
2666:Ahmadiyyas
2619:Christians
2494:Emigration
2472:and social
2377:Demography
2253:2023-04-29
2247:Census.gov
2133:"Ancestry"
2115:Census.gov
1948:Demography
1810:2023-04-29
1669:2023-04-29
1470:August 26,
878:References
711:Washington
366:xenophobia
330:indigenous
300:President
223:allegiance
207:Appalachia
199:Deep South
130:and other
4619:Melungeon
4594:Amerasian
4320:Tsimshian
4127:Chochenyo
4072:Kitanemuk
4022:Menominee
4005:Tuscarora
3940:Chickasaw
3925:Blackfeet
3436:West Asia
3178:East Asia
2698:Neopagans
2624:Catholics
2614:Buddhists
2479:Affluence
2295:0002-9297
2141:April 10,
1407:145140497
1036:April 10,
883:Citations
819:Tennessee
736:(10.4%),
732:(14.4%),
630:(13.7%),
626:(13.7%),
622:(14.0%),
618:(16.8%),
608:Tennessee
606:(20.7%),
602:(15.7%),
596:plurality
498:Norwegian
474:plurality
389:Northeast
383:, c. 1850
290:Uncle Sam
229:Etymology
193:Although
179:or other
95:English (
90:Languages
80:Tennessee
28:Americans
4599:Blaxican
4411:Chicanos
4305:Gwich'in
4253:Shoshone
4243:Seminole
4171:Muscogee
4144:Tataviam
4107:Suisunes
4057:Diegueño
4037:Cahuilla
3995:Onondaga
3975:Iroquois
3955:Comanche
3950:Colville
3935:Cheyenne
3930:Cherokee
2524:Language
2415:41503995
2313:25529636
2052:60711423
1987:41503995
1399:27556685
825:See also
815:Arkansas
797:Genetics
695:Colorado
683:Missouri
675:Missouri
663:Maryland
659:Delaware
604:Kentucky
600:Arkansas
554:American
484:in 2000:
478:majority
438:and the
177:Scottish
113:(mainly
104:Religion
76:Kentucky
72:Arkansas
4624:Mulatto
4430:Oceania
4325:Tlingit
4315:Iñupiat
4300:Alutiiq
4248:Shawnee
4233:Quechan
4117:Awaswas
4102:Serrano
4097:Salinan
4077:Luiseño
4067:Juaneño
4062:Esselen
4047:Chumash
3945:Choctaw
3915:Abenaki
2661:Muslims
2634:Mormons
2629:Coptics
2609:Baha'is
2544:Poverty
2407:1936376
2399:2061465
2332:Sources
2321:3889161
2304:4289685
2117:. 2017.
1979:1936376
1971:2061465
715:Wyoming
667:Florida
649:In the
636:Indiana
632:Georgia
616:Alabama
586:In the
549:Spanish
539:Mexican
532:Italian
511:Finnish
493:English
346:England
181:British
165:English
149:descent
139:In the
4682:Racism
4604:Cajuns
4273:Yakama
4238:Salish
4216:Pueblo
4201:Pawnee
4196:Paiute
4181:Ojibwe
4176:Navajo
4164:Yokuts
4159:Wintun
4149:Tongva
4137:Tamyen
4132:Karkin
4122:Chalon
4112:Ohlone
4087:Patwin
4052:Cupeño
4027:Mohave
4017:Lenape
4000:Seneca
3990:Oneida
3985:Mohawk
3980:Cayuga
3920:Apache
3699:Cajuns
3562:Europe
2743:Africa
2646:Hindus
2586:Wealth
2413:
2405:
2397:
2319:
2311:
2301:
2293:
2225:
2090:
2050:
1985:
1977:
1969:
1921:
1894:
1867:
1834:
1801:
1774:
1747:
1720:
1693:
1660:
1633:
1603:
1576:
1549:
1522:
1495:
1461:
1434:
1405:
1397:
1348:
1344:–136.
1315:
1288:
1212:
1185:
1146:
1116:
1064:
1008:
981:
954:
817:, and
752:, and
703:Oregon
685:, and
679:Kansas
669:, and
544:Native
525:French
488:German
358:papacy
205:, and
201:, the
82:, and
4330:Yupik
4310:Haida
4295:Aleut
4278:Yaqui
4258:Sioux
4191:Odawa
4186:Osage
4154:Wappo
4082:Miwok
4012:Kiowa
3970:Houma
2718:Sikhs
2651:Jains
2411:S2CID
2395:JSTOR
2354:(PDF)
2343:(PDF)
2317:S2CID
2136:(PDF)
2111:(PDF)
2048:S2CID
1983:S2CID
1967:JSTOR
1403:S2CID
1395:JSTOR
1375:(PDF)
1250:(PDF)
719:Maine
699:Idaho
671:Texas
581:Texas
518:Irish
504:Dutch
476:(not
292:sees
173:Welsh
4609:Hapa
4226:Zuni
4206:Pima
4092:Pomo
3965:Crow
3960:Cree
3105:Asia
2656:Jews
2529:LGBT
2403:PMID
2362:2017
2309:PMID
2291:ISSN
2223:ISBN
2169:2016
2143:2017
2088:ISBN
1975:PMID
1919:ISBN
1892:ISBN
1865:ISBN
1832:ISBN
1799:ISBN
1772:ISBN
1745:ISBN
1718:ISBN
1691:ISBN
1658:ISBN
1631:ISBN
1601:ISBN
1574:ISBN
1547:ISBN
1520:ISBN
1493:ISBN
1472:2023
1459:ISBN
1432:ISBN
1346:ISBN
1313:ISBN
1286:ISBN
1245:adj.
1243:and
1210:ISBN
1183:ISBN
1144:ISBN
1114:ISBN
1062:ISBN
1038:2017
1006:ISBN
979:ISBN
952:ISBN
908:2022
771:and
707:Utah
691:Iowa
687:Ohio
472:The
368:and
281:Puck
268:and
221:and
66:and
4268:Ute
4221:Zia
2385:doi
2299:PMC
2281:doi
2192:doi
2040:doi
2036:487
2010:doi
1957:doi
1387:doi
1342:133
372:.
256:."
252:or
163:of
4703::
2409:.
2401:.
2393:.
2381:28
2379:.
2375:.
2345:.
2315:.
2307:.
2297:.
2289:.
2277:96
2275:.
2271:.
2245:.
2221:.
2219:52
2188:14
2186:.
2123:^
2113:.
2060:^
2046:.
2034:.
2022:^
2006:14
2004:.
1981:.
1973:.
1965:.
1953:28
1951:.
1945:.
1933:^
1863:.
1861:22
1609:.
1409:.
1401:.
1393:.
1383:33
1381:.
1377:.
1360:^
1268:^
1258:.
1252:.
1241:n.
1228:^
1218:.
1128:^
1098:^
1089:.
1076:^
1046:^
1029:.
933:^
916:^
899:.
813:,
728:,
713:,
709:,
705:,
701:,
697:,
681:,
665:,
661:,
442:.
325:.
288:.
225:.
175:,
171:,
167:,
78:,
74:,
2446:e
2439:t
2432:v
2417:.
2387::
2364:.
2323:.
2283::
2256:.
2231:.
2198:.
2194::
2171:.
2145:.
2096:.
2054:.
2042::
2016:.
2012::
1989:.
1959::
1927:.
1900:.
1873:.
1840:.
1813:.
1780:.
1753:.
1726:.
1699:.
1672:.
1639:.
1582:.
1555:.
1528:.
1501:.
1474:.
1440:.
1389::
1354:.
1321:.
1294:.
1262:.
1247:"
1191:.
1152:.
1122:.
1070:.
1040:.
1014:.
987:.
960:.
910:.
336:(
117:)
99:)
30:.
23:.
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