33:
780:
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the 2 experimental planes then under contract. Therefore, on 19 June
General Arnold directed procurement of 100 B-36s. General Arnold became Commanding General of the AAF in March 1942 and was promoted to 4 star general 1 year later. His order, however, would be cut back or canceled in the event of excessive production difficulties. The AAF letter of intent for 100 B-36s was signed by Convair on 23 July...The letter of intent of
994:'He described the skyscrapers being turned into gigantic burning torches, collapsing onto one another, the glow of the exploding city illuminating the dark sky,' Mr. Speer writes. He adds that the Nazi dictator wanted to build a longârange, fourâengine bomber to fly the Atlantic and exact revenge for the destruction of Germany, but never succeeded.
281:
gave a speech saying, "I completely lack the bombers capable of round-trip flights to New York with a 4.5-tonne bomb load. I would be extremely happy to possess such a bomber, which would at last stuff the mouth of arrogance across the sea." Canadian historian Holger H. Herwig claims the plan started
861:
project was not one of the projects so favored. In addition, Allied bombing became so intense during the middle of the war that it disrupted critical German supply chains, particularly fuel; in addition, ever-greater proportions of resources were reserved for home defense purposes. German scientists
371:
project. According to military historian James P. Duffy, Hitler "saw in the Azores the ... possibility for carrying out aerial attacks from a land base against the United States ... force it to build up a large antiaircraft defense." The anticipated result would have been to force the United States
1185:
Ensuing talks between
Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson, Assistant Secretary of War Robert P. Patterson, and high ranking officers of the AAF, led Secretary Stimson to waive customary procurement procedures and to authorize the AAF to order B-36 production without awaiting completion and testing of
472:
Three prototypes of the Me 264 were built, but it was the Ju 390 that was selected for production. A verified pair of the Ju 390 design were constructed before the program was abandoned. After World War II, several authors claimed that the second Ju 390 actually made a transatlantic flight, coming
541:), as far as possible over the Atlantic before releasing it. For the Do 217 it would have been a one-way trip. The aircraft would be ditched off the east coast, and its crew would be picked up by a waiting U-boat. When plans had advanced far enough, the lack of fuel and the loss of the base at
853:, as well as critical problems in developing high-powered aviation engines â that is, with output of over 1,500 kilowatts (2,000 hp) each, which could operate reliably in combat conditions â that would have been required. Hitler was often swayed to waste time, money and resources on new
367:, and the Messerschmitt Me 264 could reach American targets with a 3 tonne, 5 tonne, and 6.5 tonne payload respectively. Although it is apparent that the plan itself deals only with an attack on American soil, it is possible the Nazis saw other interrelated strategic purposes for the
1190:, supplemented by Letter Contract W33-038 ac-7 on 23 August 1943, gave way 1 year later to a definitive contract. Interestingly, the US. Government was not liable should a letter of intent be canceled. This was not so for the more often used letter contract which obligated funds.
587:
Included in the plan was a list of 21 targets of military importance in North
America. Many of these would not have been viable targets for conventional bombers of World War II, operating from bases in Europe. Of these targets, primarily but not exclusively located in the
426:
The most promising proposals were based on conventional principles of aircraft design, and would have yielded aircraft very similar in configuration and capability to the Allied heavy bombers of the day. These would have needed ultra-long range capability similar to the
363:, a German historian. Ten copies of the plan were made, with six going to different Luftwaffe offices and four held in reserve. The plan specifically mentions using the Azores as a transit airfield to reach the United States. If utilized, the Heinkel He 277,
552:
The
Huckepack Projekt was brought up again at multiple joint conferences between the Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine. After a few weeks the plan was abandoned on August 21, 1942. Air Staff General Kreipe wrote in his diary that the German navy could not supply a
865:
It was unlikely that any damage caused to targets in North
America, by the relatively small conventional bomb loads that could be delivered by such an ultra-long-range bomber, would be significant enough to justify the loss of such a bomber. Nazi Germany's
473:
within 20 km (12 mi) of the northeast U.S. coast in early 1944, but this claim has since been discredited as Ju 390 V2 never flew. As both the Me 264 and He 277 were each intended to be four-engined bombers from their origins, the
482:-dated request from the RLM to propose a 45-meter wingspan, six-engined variant of the still-unfinalized He 277 airframe design that could alternatively accommodate four of the troublesome, over-1,500 kW output apiece
836:
was 11,680 kilometres (7,260 mi), as the bomber would have needed to make a return trip without refueling. The only German aircraft already built and flown that had a range close to this was the
Messerschmitt Me 261
1371:
286:." Due to their location, he thought the Portuguese Azores islands were Germany's "only possibility of carrying out aerial attacks from a land base against the United States." At the time, Portuguese Prime Minister
372:
to use more of its antiaircraft capabilitiesâguns and fighter planesâfor its own defense rather than for that of Great
Britain, thereby allowing the Luftwaffe to attack the latter country with less resistance.
848:
may have become operational before the war's end. However, as historian James P. Duffy pointed out, Nazi
Germany had no central authority for the development and construction of advanced weaponry, including
477:
led to both designs being considered for six-engined upgrades, with
Messerschmitt's paper project for a 47.5 meter wingspan "Me 264B" airframe upgrade to use six BMW 801E radials, and the Heinkel firm's
217:, a round-trip distance of about 11,600 km (7,200 mi). The concept was raised as early as 1938, but advanced plans for such a long-range strategic bomber design did not begin to appear before
877:
Ultimately, all of the aircraft designs under consideration were deemed too expensive and/or ambitious and were abandoned. Post-war, however, they continued to be of interest to aerospace engineers:
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maritime reconnaissance design, the longest-ranged intended design actually flown during the Third Reich's existence. Many of the developed designs, themselves first submitted during 1943 suggested
862:
were forced more and more to compete for ever scarcer resources. Together, all of the above political and strategic constraints made construction of such an aircraft increasingly less likely.
397:, which had then included the Me 264, Fw 300 and the Ju 290. von Gablenz gave his opinion on the Me 264, as it was in the second half of 1942, before von Gablenz's own commitments in the
298:
ships to refuel there, but from 1943 onwards, he leased bases in the Azores to the
British, allowing the Allies to provide aerial coverage in the middle of the Atlantic.
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24-cylinder six-bank liquid-cooled engines, or two additional BMW 801E radials beyond the four it was originally meant to use. July 23, 1943, was the same day that the
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until early 1942. Various proposals were put forward, but these plans were all eventually abandoned as they were too expensive, too reliant on rapidly diminishing
401:
occurred: the Me 264 could not be usefully equipped for a true trans-Atlantic bomber mission from Europe, but it would be useful for a number of very long-range
262:
that was being designed to reach North America from Europe. On 8 July 1938, barely two years after the death of Germany's main strategic bombing advocate,
282:
as a result of discussions by Hitler in November 1940 and May 1941 when he stated his need to "deploy long-range bombers against American cities from the
557:
off the United States to pick up the aircrew. The plan saw no further development, since the Kriegsmarine would not cooperate with the Luftwaffe.
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for their undercarriage, a relatively new feature for large German military aircraft designs of that era. These included the following concepts:
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939:â American long-range World War II-era-conceived, piston-engined heavy bomber designs meant to reach Germany directly from North America.
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troubling situation of being unable to develop combat-reliable piston aviation engines of 1,500 kW (2,000 PS) and above output levels
604:. Nearly all were companies that manufactured parts for aircraft, so the goal was likely to cripple U.S. aircraft production.
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German Combat Planes: A Comprehensive Survey and History of the Development of German Military Aircraft from 1914 to 1945
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was years behind the Allies, and did not include weapons in the form of aerial bombs, so it was unlikely that the
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Requests for designs, at various stages during the war, were made to the major German aircraft manufacturers (
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510:, 70-meter wingspan design far superior to either the Heinkel He 277 or Focke-Wulf Ta 400 designs.
277:, Germany's only operational heavy bomber during the war years, the Luftwaffe's commander-in-chief
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Had sufficient time and resources been devoted to the project at a point in time early enough, an
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329:'s bid for the project had occurred sometime shortly after February 1943, by which time the
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Messerschmitt Me 264 & Junkers Ju 390 - "Amerikabomber" contra "GroĂraumtransporter"
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on the new proposal, with regard to the aircraft available to fill the needs of an
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Atomziel New York - Geheime GroĂraketen- und Raumfahrtprojekte des Dritten Reichs
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Other designs were rockets with wings. Perhaps the best-known of these today is
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Messerschmitt Me 264 America Bomber: The Luftwaffe's Lost Transatlantic Bomber
442:(an all-new design, and the first one built and flown, submitted in May 1942),
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Five prototypes (two Ju 390, three Me 264) built, no operational aircraft
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design, a Japanese bomber capable of attacking continental North America
804: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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hoped to win a lucrative contract by showing Hitler a prototype of the
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prevented a test. The project was abandoned after the forced move to
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bombers to be built - itself a design first asked for by the earlier
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between the United States and the United Kingdom in September 1940.
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Hermann Göring on May 12, 1942. The 33-page plan was discovered in
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920:, the only direct Axis air attack on the continental United States
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project plan was completed on April 27, 1942, and submitted to
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could have made a major difference to the outcome of the war.
841:, with a maximum range of 11,025 kilometres (6,850 mi).
708:
630:
487:
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and other projects that were unlikely to be successful. The
1246:
Target America: Hitler's Plan to Attack the United States
1039:
1170:"Weapons of Mass Destruction - Systems - Bombers - B-36"
513:
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and production capacity, and/or technically infeasible.
1308:. London: Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd., 1970.
978:"Speer Asserts Hitler Spoke of Setting New York Afire"
903:
designs in the space age â one of the designs for the
1321:
Luftwaffe Secret Projects - Strategic Bombers 1935-45
333:
had issued the Heinkel firm the airframe type number
494:" to Convair, that ordered the first 100 production
1148:. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing. p. 197.
1123:. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing. p. 187.
1053:. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing. p. 179.
16:
WWII German projects for long-range bomber aircraft
1407:Proposed World War II military aircraft of Germany
1007:Hitler's Unfulfilled Dream of a New York in Flames
1248:. Guilford, Connecticut: The Lyons Press, 2006.
1378:
1032:
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1397:Abandoned military aircraft projects of Germany
1323:. Hinckley, UK: Midland Publishing Ltd., 2000.
1208:. New York: Little, Brown and Company. p.
907:would use a concept similar to a space shuttle.
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592:, 19 were located in the United States; one in
832:Were New York City to be bombed, the required
1334:"Messerschmitt Me 264 & Junkers Ju 390".
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596:, Canada (a possibly achievable target for a
1293:. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing, 1998.
525:was to have a Heinkel He 177 bomber carry a
273:awarded the contract for the design of the
1345:. London: Putnam and Company, Ltd., 1972.
1144:Griehl, Manfred; Dressel, Joachim (1998).
1119:Griehl, Manfred; Dressel, Joachim (1998).
1049:Griehl, Manfred; Dressel, Joachim (1998).
945:, a Japanese proposal that paralleled the
187:) project was an initiative of the German
820:Learn how and when to remove this message
892:the theoretical groundwork done on the
1343:German Aircraft of the Second World War
975:
421:
339:for what essentially became its entry.
1379:
1263:. London: Ian Allan Publishing, 2006.
205:that would be capable of striking the
1392:World War II heavy bombers of Germany
1289:Griehl, Manfred and Joachim Dressel.
321:, coinciding with the passage of the
1274:Georg, Freidrich and Thomas Mehner.
1201:
802:adding citations to reliable sources
773:
582:
1278:. Rottenburg, Germany: Kopp, 2004.
13:
1387:Abandoned projects of Nazi Germany
14:
1423:
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851:new aircraft concepts and designs
549:increased the distance too much.
1109:Wagner and Nowarra 1971, p. 314.
1100:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 186.
1091:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 185.
1082:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 184.
1073:Griehl and Dressel 1998, p. 104.
976:Whitney, Craig R. (1975-08-31).
778:
560:
405:duties in co-operation with the
250:was fascinated with the idea of
31:
1356:Wagner, Ray and Heinz Nowarra.
1319:Herwig, Dieter and Heinz Rode.
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1162:
1137:
1112:
789:needs additional citations for
1103:
1094:
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885:considered development of the
323:Destroyers for Bases Agreement
1:
1341:Smith, J.R. and Anthony Kay.
957:
529:, powered with an additional
375:Partly as a liaison with the
269:, and eight months after the
231:
1402:1940s German bomber aircraft
1360:. New York: Doubleday, 1971.
1306:Warplanes of the Third Reich
770:Feasibility and consequences
7:
911:
631:Aluminum Company of America
594:Vancouver, British Columbia
391:Eccard Freiherr von Gablenz
243:Spandau: The Secret Diaries
41:V1 (first prototype Me 264)
10:
1428:
1146:Heinkel He 177 â 277 â 274
1121:Heinkel He 177 â 277 â 274
1051:Heinkel He 177 â 277 â 274
748:East Hartford, Connecticut
735:East Hartford, Connecticut
656:American Car & Foundry
193:Reichsluftfahrtministerium
531:Lorin-Staustrahltriebwerk
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386:requested the opinion of
195:) to obtain a long-range
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1336:Luftfahrt History Heft 4
1205:Rise of the Rocket Girls
705:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
598:similar Japanese project
1202:Holt, Nathalia (2016).
952:Plans for North America
899:would prove seminal to
707:, and Cryolite Mine in
342:
1291:Heinkel He 177-277-274
739:Pawcatuck, Connecticut
101:(conventional bombers)
761:Fellows Gear Shaper,
687:Hartford, Connecticut
660:Berwick, Pennsylvania
643:Badin, North Carolina
626:Indianapolis, Indiana
590:eastern United States
433:tricycle landing gear
117:(after February 1943)
889:as an airliner, and;
798:improve this article
763:Springfield, Vermont
726:Caldwell, New Jersey
718:Beaver, Pennsylvania
521:One idea similar to
440:Messerschmitt Me 264
429:Messerschmitt Me 261
422:Conventional bombers
399:Battle of Stalingrad
381:Generalfeldmarschall
260:Messerschmitt Me 264
254:in flames. In 1937,
189:Ministry of Aviation
147:July 1944, with the
124:Messerschmitt Me 264
39:Messerschmitt Me 264
1338:, 24 February 2015.
744:Pratt & Whitney
692:Corning Glass Works
669:Rochester, New York
517:(Piggyback Project)
466:RLM airframe number
290:had allowed German
256:Willy Messerschmitt
47:General information
1174:globalsecurity.org
983:The New York Times
757:Brooklyn, New York
683:Colt Manufacturing
506:- an enormous six-
468:by February 1943).
271:Reich Air Ministry
67:Reich Air Ministry
1412:Strategic bombers
1284:978-3-9302-1991-9
1259:Forsyth, Robert.
1254:978-1-59228-934-9
1014:16 September 2010
918:Lookout Air Raids
868:nuclear programme
855:"miracle weapons"
830:
829:
822:
731:Hamilton Standard
722:Buffalo, New York
696:Corning, New York
678:Detroit, Michigan
665:Bausch & Lomb
639:Massena, New York
613:La Porte, Indiana
583:Potential targets
515:Huckepack Projekt
446:Focke-Wulf Ta 400
175:
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110:Focke-Wulf Ta 400
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1304:Green, William.
1244:Duffy, James P.
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651:British Columbia
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618:Allison Division
492:letter of intent
484:Junkers Jumo 222
409:U-boats off the
197:strategic bomber
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150:JĂ€gernotprogramm
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787:This section
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