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politically maneuver through times of war. Also, the post was not hereditary. No hereditary claim to the "throne" meant there wasn't one family in the tribe which would grow up to have amassed huge portions of tribe wealth in a couple of generations, in case the head turned out to be corrupt. Also, this avoided any mutual tussles between heirs of any deceased chieftain, as there was nothing to fight for. Their monetary system was even more advanced (for their time) than the political system. All of the mills and manufacturing plants were owned in essence by the community. Anyone willing and skilled was allowed to operate and earn a living as long as he kept the structure maintained and donated for construction of newer structures. The system worked superbly well and at least at a smaller scale of a couple of thousand individuals proved could be sustained for a number of centuries. Strict codes of intermarriages within the tribe, relatively small birthrates (compared to the one prevalent at the times), single marriages and continuous outward migration meant the population stayed nearly constant throughout the time period.
1474:
occurrence of the adjective tājīgāne (arguably to be pronounced as tāžīgāne) in a
Manichaean hymnal from Turfan, of about the year 1000, may supply the missing link between Middle Persian tāzīg 'Arab' and Turkic/New Persian tāzik, tāžik 'Persian'.". Excerpt 3: "The phonetic forms and socio-historical motivations of the words cited above as deriving or meaning "Tajik" require some discussion. First, it should be understood that the Persian words (a) tāzi 'Arabian, Arabic, Arab' and (b) tāzik, tāžik, tājik 'Persian, Iranian, Tajik,' though originating as doublets (or cognates) of the same word, are completely separate in form and meaning throughout New Persian (and Islamic Turkic and Indic) literature.", online edition, 2009, available at
1282:. Many died, others fled Delhi and took refuge in small towns / villages namely lncholi, Hapur, Danpur, Aounla, Sambhal, Amroha, Badarpur, Malyana and Jalali. Shaykh Karamat Hussain along with his entire family including his eldest son Shaykh Altaf Hussain (d. 1956AD) and buried in grave yard Bibi Pak Daman, Lahore, Pakistan who was barely seven years old proceeded to Sikandarabad but feeling unsafe due to close proximity of Bulandshahr settled in his ancestor's maternal town Dibai. Shaykh Karamat Hussain died in 1898 and was buried in family graveyard Gulabi Bagh (Dibai). The family lived in Mohalla Shaykhan (Dibai) and later also in Sikandarabad till 1947 AD when on founding of Pakistan migrated to Karachi.
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1250:. Amir Shaykh Farrukh Zaman Khan Ibn Shaykh Sayyid Abu Saeed (d. 1089H) rose to the illustrious position of the Captain of the Mughal Red Fort at Shahjahanabad in emperor Shah jahan's reign (1627-1659AD) Amir Shah Sajawal Ibn Amir Shaykh Farrukh Zaman Khan (d. 1120H) eleventh in direct descent from Amir Kulal was a Naqshbandi Sufi saint and a tutor to Mughal princes during the reign of emperor Awrangzeb (1659-1707AD) apart from being officer in charge of administration of Mughal court.
1321:
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the subcontinent under Shah Abdul Aziz Ibn Shah
Waliullah (1746-1828 AD). Shaykh Mohammad Ali Ibn Shaykh Samad Ali a prominent Naqshbandi Sufi saint of Sikandarabad (Bulandshahr) India. Shaykh Karamat Hussain Ibn Shaykh Mohammad Ali (d. 1898AD) was Kotwal (Chief of Police) in Gwalior the capital of Gwalior State. Another elder of the family Shaykh Nabi Buksh a tutor to Mughal princes was awarded an estate near Delhi in the reign of last Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah (1837-1857).
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948:(Leader of Kulal tribe). Shams ud-Dīn was educated in his childhood and early in his life took the position of head of the madrasa at Vabkent. He was also known as a great wrestler. By the time he became the head of Kulal tribe his fame as a scholar and religious figure had spread through the surrounding region with many noble and powerful families sending their children to study under him, most notably from the
35:
1103:. Although his exploits as an engineering entrepreneur overshadows his scholarly work, his son Hakim Qadir Ali earned fame both as a scholar and doctor. His great-grandson Shah Altaf was renowned as a scholar and scientist in the area around Delhi, and his school attracted many students from this area. After its founding, the majority of Amir Kulal's descendants emigrated to Pakistan.
1170:, a leading Naqshbandi Sufi saint with large following of spiritual protégés; Amir Hasan Zaman Ibn Amir Hamzah (d 825H), buried in Sokhar near Bukhara. Amir Masud Zaman Ibn Amir Hasan Zaman (d 875H), buried in Samarkand; and Amir Muhammad Arifullah Ibn Amir Masud Zaman (847-909H), fourth in descent from Amir Kulal, a prominent Naqshbandi
1242:. Shaykh Sayyid Muhammad Adil Khan Ibn Amir Mansoor Khan (d. 1019H) served as a Mughal high-ranking military official in the provinces of Lahore, Multan, Kashmir and Kabul. Shaykh Sayyid Abu Saeed Ibn Shaykh Sayyid Mohammad Adil Khan (d.1043H) was a general in emperor Jahangir's (1569-1627AD) army and later performed important
1274:
During the later Mughal period, the family continued to produce eminent men of learning who distinguished themselves in various walks of life. Shaykh Samad Ali ibn Amir Shaykh
Mohammad Zaman an accomplished religious scholar and graduate of Rahimiya college (Delhi), a centre of Islamic Renaissance in
909:
The city was surrounded by a terrain of gardens and greenery criss-crossed by numerous rivers and streams at one side and an endless desert at the other, which was barren and uninhabited. This, coupled with the lack of substantial material value in the small city, was a big enough deterrent for any
1473:
Perry, John, "Tajik i. The
Ethnonymn: Origins and Application,"Encyclopædia Iranica, Excerpt 1: "In other contexts, Sanskrit tājika (also tāyika) means 'Persian(s),' and in later Indo-Muslim usage, tājik is of course the Turco-Persian word for 'Iranian, Persian'." Excerpt 2: "An intriguing Sogdian
1226:
was "Sadr-us-Sudur" responsible for the judicial administration and religious affairs of the Mughal Empire and also for drafting and issuing emperors decrees in accordance with the Quran and Sunnah. He died in Agra, India and was buried in the courtyard of a
Madrasa built by him. Khwaja Sultan Ali
1209:
was part of Babur's entourage when he occupied Kabul in 910H/1504AD and later in 932H/1525AD in his fifth expedition to
Hindustan accompanied him to India. In his memoirs Babur writes that on entering Delhi after the victorious battle of Panipat in 932H/1526AD against Sultan Ibrahim Lodi he asked
930:
Amir Kulal ibn Hamzah ibn
Ibraheem ibn Muhammad ibn (Muhammad) Hasan ibn Abdullah AlShaheed ibn Jafar ibn Husain ibn Ali ibn Hasan AlQayem ibn (Muhammad) Husain ibn (Ahmad) Husain ibn (Muhammad) Ali AlDaynori ibn Moussa AbuSobha Moussa AlThani ibn Ibraheem AlMurtdha ibn Moussa AlKadhim ibn Jafar
917:
The social system was devised into three sections—the political system, monetary system, and publicity system. Their political system was simple. The most learned of the tribe was chosen as the head. The goal of the head, other than being the qazi and administrator was to represent the tribe and
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and many noble Muslim families were facing severe economic decline and disorder. However, Amir Shaykh
Muhammad Zaman Sikandrabadi's descendants preserved the family traditions of Sufism and were notable sadaats (descendants of Muhammad) of Chehel Amiran (later Koocha Chelan) in Delhi.
922:
By the time of Amir Kulal wrestling had become a Kulal trademark sport. The tribe held regular contests both at
Vabkent and Bukhara in which outsiders also competed. The Kulal youth were almost always successful, instilling the idea of the Kulal tribe as superior and fierce warriors.
1052:. Although Amir Kalan is renowned for his religious scholarship he was also well versed in mathematics and astronomy, and introduced these sciences to the young prince. At Ulugh Beg's madrasa Amir Kalan was considered one of the top ten teachers with unparalleled proficiency in
856:) which was constructed at Vabkent in 1198 under the patronage of Burhan ud-Din Abdul Aziz II (whose name adorns the Madrasa's minaret, the only surviving segment of the building). The builders of the madrasa were members of the Kulal tribe and copied the Kalyan mosque (
1214:
to lead the Friday prayers and recite the Khutba (proclamation) in his name. Decrees of the
Emperor announcing victories at the battle of Panipat and against Rana Sanga and the Rajput coalition at the battle of Khanua 933H/March 17, 1527AD were composed by Shaykh Zain
981:. Legend says that Baha ud-Dīn was ordered to execute a man who had angered the king, but right before his execution the accused called upon Amir Kulal, identifying him as his teacher. Amir Kulal intervened and the accused was set free on his intercession. This was
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After Amir Kulal's death his descendants, propagated from his four sons (Burhanudeen, Shah, Hamzah, and Omar), continued to associate with the Timurid and then Mughal dynasty kings and princes as their friends and teachers. Amir Kulal's grandson Amir Kalan
1027:(Amir Kulal's grandfather). Amir Kulal's grandfather was Turghai and Barlas Tribe's spiritual mentor. Majority of Timur's family is also buried at the same place. Recently, his tomb had been renovated under the orders of Uzbekistan's president.
1014:
Amir Kulal died in 770/1370 and was buried in Sukhar (Sokhar) near Bukhara. Sometimes Amir Kulal's tomb is confused with the tomb of his grandfather (also Shams ud-Dīn Kulal). It is Shams ud-Dīn Kulal (Amir Kulal's grandfather) who is buried at
890:
designs were highly efficient and were able to produce up to 1500 pots in each batch. Utilizing wind and water resources for milling and industrial processes coupled with efficient kiln designs resulted in considerably higher earnings per
1231:(d. 970H) was a minister with second Mughal emperor Humayun (1508-1556AD) and later ambassador to Iran during the reign of emperor Akbar (1556-1605AD). Amir Mansoor Khan Ibn Khawaja Sultan Ali (d. 982H) was a senior general in the Mughal
999:
Around the year 1340, Ibn Battuta made a day stop at Vabkent who later described the city as beautiful with many rivers and gardens. He was Amir's guest at the city and was guided towards Bukhara, then at a day's travel from Vabkent.
1030:
None of the books written by Amir Kulal still exist, although some excerpts and essays have survived in the family library. Three copies of a biography of Amir Kulal "Maqamat-i-Amir Kulal" written by his great-grandson Shihab
1204:
Ibn Amir Muhammad Arifullah (d.940H/1533AD) was a writer, a poet and belonged to Naqshbandi Sufi Order. Translated memoirs of Mughal Emperor Babur into Persian and was author of the book Tabaqat-e-Baburi. Shaykh Zain
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who spent a night there as a guest. Battuta described it as beautiful, saying that it had "... many gardens and rivers". The tribe's date of settlement can be approximated with the remains of the madrasa (a form of
1099:. By the time Farrukhsiyar was enthroned, the family had parted ways from the Mughals. After about one hundred years the family comes to prominence with Sheikh Samad Ali, one of the prominent students of
906:
The tribe was famous as being entirely composed of descendants of Muhammad, gaining them considerable respect from the neighboring tribes; this was a considerable advantage in a Muslim dominated country.
1265:
Muhammad Shah (1719-1748AD) and was awarded with an estate at Akbarpur, Salarpur near Delhi. This was a time when the Mughal empire was under severe decline. Nadir Shah and Ahmed Shah Abdali had sacked
992:
Amir Kulal also had a sizable following of spiritual protégés. Of these the most prominent was Turghai who had previously been influenced by Amir Kulal's grandfather. After Turghai's death his son
1314:
Colonel Salman Ahmed, great-grandson of Shaykh Altaf Hussain 19th in direct descent from Amir Kulal being awarded Sitara-e-Basalat by the Vice Chief of Army Staff at Rawalpindi, 1985
886:. Their highly glazed pottery and tiles, unmatched in quality and quantity, were their main export. This earned the tribe the title of Kulal (potter) and gave them their name. Their
1302:
Major Mohammad Ahmed, grandson of Shaykh Altaf Hussain 18th in direct descent from Amir Kulal being awarded Military Cross by Quaid-e-Azam at DACCA (Former East Pakistan) 1948
805:. After his father's death, Shams ud-Dīn became the amir and head of the tribe. By this time his reputation as a scholar and religious figure had spread through
1285:
In memory of their ancestor Amir Kulal, the family's farm located near the village Sarhali Kalan, 37 kilometers south of Lahore, Pakistan, is named Kulal Bagh.
780:
824:, a close relationship began between the houses of Amir Timur and Amir Kulal and continued through the Mughal line in India. Kulal is buried at Sokhar, near
966:, it was Shams ud-Dīn whose name has become synonymous with the title-name. Today, he is mostly remembered as Amir Kulal, rather than his birth name.
931:
AlSadiq ibn Muhammad AlBaqir ibn Ali Zainualabdeen ibn AlHusain AlSebit, son of Fatimah ibnt Muhammad, ibn AlImam Ali ibn AbiTalib AlHashemi AlQurashi
1023:(House of Mediation) and was buried here after his death. Later, Timur transferred the body of his father Turghai, to be near the grave of Shams ud-
1488:
1599:
944:. His father Saif ud-Dīn Hamza was head of the Kulal tribe and a renowned scholar. As head of the tribe, Saif ud-Dīn Hamza was titled
813:, had become his common name. Because he made earthenware, he was popularly referred to as “Kulāl”, which means "potter" in Persian.
76:
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During the traumatic year of 1857 AD when the War of Independence started, the family played a significant role against the
860:) style, making upgrades in the design and technology. This made the Vabkent madrasa a more refined form of Kalyan mosque.
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in the surrounding areas, which continued to operate well into the sixteenth century. The city's main industries were
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Shams ud-Dīn Kulal was elected as tribe's head after his father's death. Although all the heads of Kulal were titled
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Kulal continued to teach at the madrasa, even when he was head of the tribe. One of his most famous disciples was
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invading army which would have to travel at least one day to reach the city which lied at the boundary of the
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Muhammad Amir Kulal. During the early period of Islamic history the ancestors of Amir Kulal migrated from
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and conflict in the area, the Kulal tribe was not once attacked. There are three main reasons for this:
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origin and, following in the steps of Timur, gave extensive patronage to descendants of Amir Kulal.
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In the year 1357, Timur approached Amir Kulal for his advice on strategic maneuvers for attacking
772:, widely considered to be one of the most influential in history. He was a member of the mystical
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in India many of Amir Kulal's descendants moved there and continued to enjoy an influence in the
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The tribe quickly established a small industrial base at the central market of Vabkent and built
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princes and kings or their close friends. Last of these was Shah Abbas, tutor of Mughal King
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of Umar Shaykh Mirza (1456-1494AD), ruler of the province of Fergana and father of Zahir ud-
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1019:(Kesh); the Green City. Amir Kulal's grandfather had constructed the madrasa Dor-i-Tilavat/
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Richard Foltz (1996). "The Tajiks of Uzbekistan". Central Asian Survey. 15 (2): 213–216.
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Kulal had a number of students who later became prominent figures in history, including
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Amir Shaykh Muhammad Zaman Sikandrabadi Ibn Amir Shah Sajawal was a leading noble of
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http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/tajik-i-the-ethnonym-origins-and-application
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near the end of the twelfth century. Around 1340, the city was visited by
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held Amir Kulal in the same esteem, holding him as his spiritual guide.
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Muhammad Babur (1483-1530AD), founder of the Mughal empire in India.
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Madrasa education in India: eleventh to twenty first century
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1578:(Modern Library pbk. ed.). New York: Modern Library.
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Muhammad Shmsudeen ibn Ali ibn Burhanudeen ibn Amir Kulal
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English Dari Dictionary (page 139), Peace Corps (1979),
895:, leading to a healthy lifestyle for the entire tribe.
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which were copied and dispatched to the entire realm.
985:'s first encounter with Amir Kulal. Impressed by him,
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The Baburnama: memoirs of Babur, prince and emperor
801:) of the Persian Kulal-Tribe, his full title being
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843:The Kulal tribe settled in the area of modern-day
1139:where successive generations lived for over five
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1629:(1. publ. ed.). New Delhi: Kanishka Publ.
1518:https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED192577.pdf
1326:Journey of Shaykhan Family from Hejaz to Mehran
1193:for nearly four centuries, was mindful of his
1158:The generations following Amir Kulal lived in
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1048:) was entrusted with the education of young
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1463:https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02634939608400946
1350:Comprehensive Genealogy of Shaykhan Family
1091:. They remained as teachers and mentors of
926:The full name of Amir Kulal is as follows:
1071:), another grandson of Amir Kulal married
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1654:(3d ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1495:(in Turkish). 2020-10-27. Archived from
973:, who used to work as an executioner in
1143:. The entire family later emigrated to
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1489:"Seyyid Emir Külal Hazretleri Kimdir?"
1123:Sufi saint of Bukhara Shaykh Shams ud-
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1261:/ India). He lived in the reign of
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1533:Travels in Asia and Africa
1478:(accessed on 20 July 2009)
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1545:"Amir Kulal - WikiMir"
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1692:Folk religions
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1089:Mughal dynasty
1073:Ottoman Sultan
1054:ulum-i-yaainia
1040:
1037:
959:
954:
937:
934:
920:
919:
915:
907:
874:; alloying of
838:Husain ibn Ali
833:
830:
828:, Uzbekistan.
809:and the title
793:descendant of
786:سیف الدین حمزہ
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1085:Mughal Empire
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1021:Dorut Tilavat
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731:
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720:(1278–1370),
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590:Notable early
588:
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584:List of sufis
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52:
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24:
17:
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1626:
1620:
1608:. Retrieved
1604:the original
1594:
1573:
1565:
1553:. Retrieved
1549:the original
1539:
1532:
1524:
1512:
1501:. Retrieved
1497:the original
1492:
1483:
1469:
1457:
1394:Islam portal
1284:
1277:
1273:
1252:
1221:
1199:
1184:
1174:saint and a
1167:
1157:
1110:
1097:Farrukhsiyar
1068:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1042:
1029:
1013:
1002:
998:
991:
968:
964:Amir-i-Kulal
963:
961:
957:Amir-i-Kulal
956:
946:Amir-i-Kulal
945:
939:
929:
925:
921:
897:
862:
842:
835:
815:
811:Amir-i-Kulal
810:
803:Amir-i-Kulal
802:
737:
717:
716:
527:Ni'matullāhī
492:Sülaymaniyya
477:Maizbhandari
1727:Sufi saints
1702:1389 deaths
1697:1318 births
1687:1370 deaths
1682:1277 births
1529:Ibn Battuta
1259:Bulandshahr
1255:Sikandrabad
1244:ministerial
1065:Amir Sultan
1039:Descendants
987:Baha ud-Dīn
983:Baha ud-Dīn
878:; creating
858:Po-i-Kalyan
849:Ibn Battuta
658:Persecution
385:Sufi orders
294:Sufi poetry
88:Nationality
1676:Categories
1503:2020-11-09
1449:References
1432:Amir Timur
1422:Naqshbandi
1129:Al Madinah
1121:Naqshbandi
1017:Shahrisabz
936:Early life
718:Amir Kulāl
653:Sufi music
422:Suhrawardi
412:Naqshbandi
81:Uzbekistan
20:Amir Kulāl
1610:April 12,
1237:Hyderabad
1141:centuries
1119:from the
1077:Bayezid I
1050:Ulugh Beg
912:Kyzyl Kum
799:chieftain
762:), was a
760:شمس الدین
752:شمس الدین
734:امیر کلال
726:امیر کلال
557:Issawiyya
532:Qalandari
497:Salihiyya
392:Ba 'Alawi
352:Muraqabah
331:Practices
27:امیر کلال
1380:See also
1168:Baba Mir
1117:ancestry
795:Muhammad
774:Khajagan
517:Shattari
482:Malamati
432:Khalwati
417:Shadhili
397:Bektashi
367:Whirling
337:Anasheed
264:Qalandar
132:Tomb of
106:a series
104:Part of
1555:May 29,
1437:Vabkent
1289:Gallery
1280:British
1263:emperor
1164:century
1160:Bukhara
1153:Bukhara
1115:claims
975:Bukhara
952:Tribe.
942:Bukhara
914:desert.
884:milling
880:pottery
872:minting
845:Vabkent
826:Bukhara
764:Persian
748:Persian
722:Persian
663:Ziyarat
648:History
638:Ma'rifa
600:Singers
562:Jerrahi
552:Inayati
512:Mevlevi
507:Kubrawi
502:Azeemia
487:Mouridi
472:Jelveti
467:Bayrami
457:Darqawi
437:Rahmani
407:Chishti
372:Ziyarat
357:Qawwali
309:Tazkiah
274:Silsila
249:Murshid
234:Ma'rifa
214:Karamat
169:Dervish
92:Persian
59:Bukhara
1658:
1633:
1582:
1417:Sufism
1240:Deccan
1133:Ninawa
1113:family
1093:Mughal
1005:Uzbeks
950:Barlas
893:capita
882:; and
854:Mosque
791:sayyid
756:Arabic
730:Arabic
633:Haqiqa
628:Tariqa
623:Sharia
618:Tawhid
572:Zahedi
567:Madari
542:Galibi
537:Akbari
522:Uwaisi
462:Senusi
452:Tijani
447:Desuqi
442:Badawi
427:Rifa`i
402:Qadiri
319:Yaqeen
229:Manzil
224:Lataif
194:Haqiqa
117:Sufism
77:Sokhar
1717:Sufis
1268:Delhi
1248:court
1191:India
1145:Janah
1081:Babur
1058:dinia
1009:Timur
994:Timur
876:steel
865:mills
789:), a
777:order
739:Shams
347:Haḍra
342:Dhikr
304:Salik
244:Murid
239:Maqam
219:Kashf
204:Irfan
199:Ihsan
179:Fakir
174:Dhawq
164:Baqaa
150:Abdal
144:Ideas
110:Islam
47:Shams
1656:ISBN
1631:ISBN
1612:2009
1580:ISBN
1557:2009
1233:army
1172:Sufi
1149:Iran
1137:Iraq
1060:and
900:wars
888:kiln
869:coin
767:Sufi
362:Sama
314:Wali
269:Qutb
254:Nafs
209:Ishq
184:Fana
70:Died
55:1278
42:Born
1229:Dīn
1224:Dīn
1217:Dīn
1215:ud-
1212:Dīn
1207:Dīn
1205:ud-
1202:Dīn
1180:Dīn
1125:Dīn
1033:Dīn
1031:ul-
1025:Dīn
743:Dīn
741:ud-
643:Art
259:Nūr
189:Hal
108:on
51:Dīn
49:ud-
1678::
1531::
1491:.
1147:,
1135:,
1075:,
1056:,
758::
754:,
750::
732::
728:,
724::
61:,
1664:.
1639:.
1614:.
1588:.
1559:.
1506:.
1257:(
1067:(
1044:(
783:(
746:(
706:e
699:t
692:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
