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plastic or fibreglass bodytub, fitted with six (sometimes eight) driven wheels, with low pressure, balloon tires. With no suspension (other than what the tires offer) and no steering wheels, directional control is accomplished through skid-steering – just as on a tracked vehicle – either by braking the wheels on the side in the direction of the desired turn or by applying more throttle to the wheels on the opposite side. Most contemporary designs use garden tractor type engines, that will provide roughly 25 mph (40 km/h) top speed on land.
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1356:, also built of aluminium) the river had to be narrow, less than 100 yards (100 m). In all cases, the bilge pumps had to be working properly, and even then by the time the Sheridan or the APC reached the other side, water would often fill the insides up to their armoured roofs, spilling through the hatches' cracks and emptying onto the earth once safely ashore. Often a fold-down trim vane is erected to stop water washing over the bow of the tank and thus reducing the risk of the vehicle being swamped via the driver's hatch.
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544:. With almost 4,000 pieces built, the Amphicar is still the most successfully produced civilian amphibious car to date. The Gibbs Aquada stands out due to its capability of high-speed planing on water. Gibbs built fifty Aquadas in the early 2000s after it was developed by a team assembled by founder Alan Gibbs before the company's engine supplier, Rover, was unable to continue providing engines. Gibbs and new partner Neil Jenkins reconstituted the company and are now seeking U.S. regulatory approval for the Aquada.
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whereas in others they are only an expansion to what has remained primarily a watercraft or a land vehicle. The design that came together with all the features needed for a practical all-terrain amphibious vehicle was by Peter Prell of New Jersey. His design, unlike others, could operate not only on rivers and lakes but the sea and did not require firm ground to enter or exit the water. It combined a boat-like hull with tank-like tracks. In 1931, he tested a scaled down version of his invention.
36:
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564:. The WaterCar can do 80 mph (129 km/h) on land, and 44 mph (38 knots; 71 km/h) on sea, and can transition from land to sea in less than 15 seconds. Since its release, WaterCar has been popular in the Middle East, selling to the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates, with six additional vehicles being sold to the Crown Prince of Dubai. The WaterCar has also been sold to tech enthusiasts and residents of Silicon Valley.
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358:(1885, Carl Benz), it was a three-wheeler. The single front wheel provided direction, both on land and in the water. A three-cylinder petrol combustion-engine powered the oversized rear wheels. In order to get the wheels to provide propulsion in the water, fins or buckets would be attached to the rear wheel spokes. Remarkably the boat-like hull was one of the first integral bodies ever used on a car.
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abilities, and load-carrying capacity. In some cases the design is made amphibious, giving them all-terrain capability in the truest sense. Usually, the front unit houses at least the engine, gearboxes, fuel tank(s) and the driver's compartment, and perhaps there is some space left for cargo or passengers, whereas the rear unit is the primary load carrier.
930:. Although the vehicles' wheels were mounted without suspension or steering action, and land speeds over 20 mph (32 km/h) were ill-advised, its articulated design provided it with good maneuverability and helped it to keep all four wheels firmly in touch with uneven ground. Coupled with its amphibious capability, in the Vietnam War, the
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window, the driver turned on his bilge pumps, shifted his transmission lever to water operations and the
Sheridan entered the water. For newly arrived Sheridans, this might work as engineered. For "war-weary" M551s, the driver's window was often "yellowed" or cracked as to obscure his vision, and the
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occupations. The boats are made of aluminium, are relatively flat-bottomed, and have three, four, or six wheels, depending on the size of the boat. When the tide is out the boats can run on the tidal flats using their wheels. When the tide is in, they use a propeller to move through the water. Oyster
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Some amphibious vehicles, rather than being designed for land transport with the ability to cross water, are designed as water-transport vehicles with the ability to travel on land. The distinction is that the vehicles are designed to be high performing on water, with the land transport ability added
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Amongst the smallest non-air-cushioned amphibious vehicles are amphibious ATVs (all-terrain vehicles). These saw significant popularity in North
America during the 1960s and early 1970s. Typically an amphibious ATV (AATV) is a small, lightweight, off-highway vehicle, constructed from an integral hard
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Since the 1920s, many diverse amphibious vehicles designs have been created for a broad range of applications, including recreation, expeditions, search & rescue, and military, leading to a myriad of concepts and variants. In some of them, the amphibious capabilities are central to their purpose,
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turned into a speedboat called the "Turboat". In the initial tests, the VW had issues on both water and land, the Jeep worked well on water but not on land (the airboat motor left him stranded on the highway), and the
Turboat performed well on land but sank immediately in the water. The Jeep sank as
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can travel over land or water supported by a cushion of air ejected downwards against the surface below it. In principle, a hovercraft can travel over any sufficiently smooth surface: solid, liquid, mixed, or anything in between. Large hovercraft, riding on an air-cushion contained by skirts several
444:
In
October 2013, Gibbs Amphibians introduced the long-awaited Quadski, the first amphibious vehicle capable of traveling 45 mph on land or water. The Quadski was developed using Gibbs' High-Speed Amphibian technology, which Gibbs originally developed for the Aquada, an amphibious car, which the
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set the
Guinness World Record for Fastest Amphibious Vehicle, with their prototype, The Python, which reached top land speeds of 204 km/h (127 mph) and water speeds of 96 km/h (60 mph; 52 knots). Since then, the company launched their first commercial vehicle, The Panther, which
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Constructed this way, an AATV will float with ample freeboard and is capable of traversing swamps, ponds, and streams as well as dry land. On land these units have high grip and great off-road ability, that can be further enhanced with an optional set of tracks that can be mounted directly onto the
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capable of operation on both land and water. "Saidullah's
Bicycle" uses four rectangular air filled floats for buoyancy, and is propelled using two fan blades which are attached to the spokes. Moraga's "Cyclo Amphibious" uses a simple tricycle frame to support three floaters which provide both the
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magazine, multi-unit, all-terrain transport vehicles were first proposed by the
British in 1913, and by the 1950s, over 40 types of articulated tracked vehicles (ATV) were in production. The articulated tracked concept is chosen primarily for its combination of high maneuverability, cross-country
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Recently, Gibbs
Amphibians has developed a new type of amphibian, one capable of high speeds on both land and water. The vehicles use a patented hydraulic system to raise the wheels into the wheel wells, allowing the vehicles to plane on water. These vehicles can transition between land and water
1297:(with some tanks having been launched too far out), and to turning in the current to converge on a specific point on the battlefield, which allowed waves to breach over the screens. Those making it ashore, however, provided essential fire support in the first critical hours.
1141:(Studebaker Weasel), whilst originally designed as a snow vehicle, operated successfully in an amphibious role by the addition of front and rear floats. The basic vehicle will float but its bow is square so the additional floats add stability and load carrying capacity.
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A highly specialised development is the ARKTOS Craft, that uses a linkage with two joints to connect the two units and each unit having independent drive systems, giving enhanced mobility and redundancy. They are capable of climbing large ice steps from open water.
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was trialled with two pontoons that could be attached or removed, the tracks driving the tank in the water. The "Medium Tank A/T 1" was a tank with inbuilt buoyancy some 24 ft (7.3 m) long and 11 ft (3.4 m) tall. The
Valentine, then the
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since 2005. These craft can travel up to 39 knots on water, but travel at only 7.5 km/h on land, showing the preference for water performance in design. Various versions of this type of amphibious boat design have been produced, including the French
970:
Gibbs has also developed other types of fast amphibians including the
Phibian, a 30-foot (9.1 m) amphibian that is aimed at first responder market, and the Humdinga, a 21-foot (6.4 m) amphibian that is capable of traversing extreme terrain.
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to provide close fire support on the beaches during the initial landings. The Sherman DD could not fire when afloat as the buoyancy screen was higher than the gun. A number swamped and sank in the operation, due to rough weather in the
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1198:, sometimes with an added propeller or water jets. As long as the opposite bank has a shallow enough slope for the vehicle to climb out within a few miles, they can cross rivers and water obstacles. An American example is the
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during the Walcheren campaign. While offering greater capacity than the DUKW, ease of operation favoured the DUKW. An improved version of the Terrapin never got beyond prototype stage. During the war, Germany produced the
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tank can use a series of rings to create a long tube. This tube is then fitted to the crew commander's hatch and provides air and an escape route for the crew. The height of the tube is limited to around three meters.
1656:. Hammond's vessel sank shortly after departing, and May's couldn't depart due to bad winds, and as such all three presenters ended up making the trip aboard Clarkson's vehicle. Along the way, they attempted to beat
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to float by blending a boat-like hull with the car's frame. One of the first reasonably well-documented cases was the 1905 amphibious petrol-powered carriage of T. Richmond (Jessup, Iowa, USA). Just like the world's
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but did not adopt it for service use. An order was placed with Vickers by the USSR for a small number of tanks. After negotiations to purchase the Vickers tank by Poland failed, they developed their own design the
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Gibbs Sports Amphibians Inc. introduced a motorized version of the amphibious cycle that resembles a jet ski on water and motorcycle on land. The model can reach up to 80 mph by land and 45 mph by water.
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as stabilizers. Hammond built a near-identical Dampervan, which had many of the same problems as its predecessor. May used the same actual vehicle as before, with only minor improvements (including a retractable
1347:. The Sheridan needed no modifications for river crossings: crewmen simply raised the cloth sides that were tucked inside rubber tubes along the hull's upper edges, raised the driver's front shield which had an
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406:
The SBK Engineering Shuttle-Bike consists of two inflatable floats with straps that allow the carrying of a bicycle with a passenger. The ensemble, when deflated, fits in a backpack for carrying by the cyclist.
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states developed a number of amphibious APCs, fighting vehicles and tanks, both wheeled and tracked. Most of the vehicles the Soviets designed were amphibious or could ford deep water. Wheeled examples are the
674:, Rotterdam, was copied in Amsterdam in 2011 but suspended in 2012 after technical problems, and then relaunched in 2019. A tour of LĂĽbeck was launched in 2014. In 2010 it was tested as a replacement for the
1563:(95 mph or 154 km/h)) and can make the transition between land and water at speed – unlike most wheeled or tracked amphibians. Drawbacks are high fuel consumption and noise levels.
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wheels. Although the spinning action of the tires is enough to propel the vehicle through the water – albeit slowly – outboard motors can be added for extended water use.
608:
271:, a type of a heavy covered wagon, was popular during the 18th and 19th century in the United States and Canada. The wagon was designed in such a way as to be able to cross rivers and streams.
213:, in the form of inflatable floatation devices, much like the sides of a rubber dinghy, or a waterproof fabric skirt raised from the top perimeter of the vehicle, to increase its displacement.
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in the VW. Foust abandoned the trip halfway through, being picked up by a friend's yacht. Wood and Ferrara made it to the Canadian border, but were turned away because they did not bring
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tank) from ship to shore and can access more than 70% of the world's coastline, as opposed to conventional landing craft, which are only capable of landing along 17% of that coastline.
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The show returned to the concept in S10E02, when the presenters built updated versions of their designs with lessons learned from the first time. Clarkson built his "Nissank" out of a
533:
10 storm off the North Sea coast (Pohl, 1998). Only about 100 were built – those who own one have found it capable of crossing the English Channel almost effortlessly.
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By the early 1930s, Vickers had developed an amphibious tank. By using very thin armour, flotation could be achieved without external buoyancy aids. The British Army trialled the
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rubber tubes that contained the rolled up side sleeves were often cracked or frozen into place. The Sheridan could still cross a body of water, but like its swimming cousin, the
46:
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tank is also able to perform deep fording operations. The Russian snorkel is only a few inches around and does not provide a crew escape path, but it can be stored on the tank.
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were given waterproofed hulls and trunking was fixed to the engine intakes and exhausts to allow them to come ashore from landing craft in shallow water. The Germans gave their
1312:, started production after the beginning of the war. A 14-ton tank, the PT-1, was created but was not mass-produced. In addition, an attempt was made to attach pontoons to the
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nevertheless also have amphibious ability, tactically useful inland, reducing dependence on destroyable and easily targeted bridges. To provide motive power, they use their
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significantly stimulated their development. Two of the most significant amphibious cars to date were developed during World War II. The most proliferous was the German
1570:. The hovercraft's ability to distribute its laden weight evenly across the surface below it makes it well suited to the role of amphibious landing craft. The US Navy
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167:) and those that do not. Among the latter, many extend the off-road capabilities of land vehicles to all kinds of terrain, including ice, snow, mud,
926:. The latter was based on a 1950s civil construction vehicle and became the US Army's standard heavy tactical truck before its replacement by the
75:
Some examples of amphibious vehicles: a hovercraft, an amphibious automobile, an amphibious boat, an amphibious tank, a specialized cargo vehicle
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1935:
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1660:'s world record for crossing the channel in an amphibious vehicle, but failed. The pickup truck successfully crossed the channel and landed in
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had this setup. When in water the waterproof float screen was raised and propellers deployed. The M2 and M3 Bradleys also need such a skirt.
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Some military vehicles are capable of "wading" using waterproof screens to keep the upper hull dry. In World War II the tanks following the
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to Vietnam. This 17-ton light tank was built with an aluminium hull, steel turret, and the 152 mm "gun-launcher" (which could fire the
1636:, the Dampervan immediately sank, and the Triumph was the only vehicle to complete the trip, although it took a very long time to do so.
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in all cavalry squadrons, leaving only the M48A3 in the U.S. Army's three armored battalions in Vietnam, the 1/77th, 1/69th, and the
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1268:, was produced by Vickers in 1939. It was tested but further work was halted during WW2. It was tested again at the end of the war.
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In the 1870s, logging companies in eastern Canada and the northern United States developed a steam-powered amphibious tug called an
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1517:, a coastline railway that ran on submerged rails through the shallow coastal waters of the English Channel between 1896 and 1901.
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One of the benefits of this type of amphibious craft is the possibility of making them large – the British-built
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which could cross between lakes and rivers. The most successful Alligator tugs were produced by the firm of West and Peachey in
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Some of the earliest known amphibious vehicles were amphibious carriages, the invention of which is credited to the Neapolitan
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competed to see who could build the best amphibious car, starting with a used vehicle of their choice. Clarkson used a
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is a French fully amphibious APC, powered in the water by two water jets, mounted one on either side of the rear hull (
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144:, will likely crash on any but the flattest of landmasses so are also not considered to be amphibious vehicles.
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1316:. While successful, the project was closed due to the high vulnerability and unwieldiness of the construction.
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Since 1977, several boat builders in Brittany have built specialized amphibious vehicles for use in the area's
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is usually greater than its weight, and thus it will float. Heavily armoured vehicles however sometimes have a
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well after Foust and Ferrara got into an impromptu sea battle. All three presenters then attempted to cross
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main battle tank carried flotation gear all the time and was, therefore, theoretically, always amphibious.
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Mk.3 ferries could carry dozens of vehicles. ACVs have a high speed over water (an SR.N4 Mk.1 could do 83
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1487:, essentially a long tube on the commander's hatch that allowed it to wade through four metres of water.
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Most land vehicles – even lightly armoured ones – can be made amphibious simply by providing them with a
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in 1849. On testing, it reportedly tipped over 50 feet (15 m) from shore, from an apparent lack of
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in 1805, although it is disputed to have successfully travelled over land or water under its own steam.
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medium tank were made amphibious with the addition of a rubberized canvas screen to provide additional
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Many modern military vehicles, ranging from light wheeled command and reconnaissance vehicles, through
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For some military applications wheeled and tracked amphibious vehicles are slowly being supplanted by
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missile), and could swim across bodies of water. The M551 upon arrival in Vietnam began replacing the
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The first known self-propelled amphibious vehicle, a steam-powered wheeled dredging barge, named the
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For propulsion in or on the water some vehicles simply spin their wheels or tracks, while others use
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which use auger-like barrels which propel a vehicle through muddy terrain with a twisting motion.
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Tracked armored vehicles with amphibious capabilities include those that are intended for use in
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at Renfrew, Scotland, but not adopted. A similar service, using different vehicles, operates in
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floatation and thrust. The wings on the powered wheels propel the vehicle in a similar way to a
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had drums attached to the side and front and was tested as an amphibious vehicle launched into
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all-terrain vehicle that is fully amphibious and can swim at 5.4 km/h (3.4 mph). The
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are an example of this, which are a range of aluminium three-wheeled fabricated boats (mostly
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Several amphibious cycles have been created by engineering students as university projects.
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truck was used to establish and supply beachheads. It was designed as a wartime project by
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A Polish PT-76 amphibious light tank coming out of the water during an amphibious exercise
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mostly came down to simply putting wheels and axles on a boat hull, or getting a rolling
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aluminium alloy. Extensively engineered, this costly vehicle was proven seaworthy at a
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with inflatable floats to create a vehicle that will swim much like an improvised raft
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that works both on land and on or under water. Amphibious vehicles include amphibious
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can be used as a ferry or as a floating bridge for trucks and heavy combat vehicles.
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Some heavier tanks have an amphibious mode in which a fabric skirt is needed to add
1070:). It entered service in 1976 and around 5000 were produced in many configurations.
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Two main categories of amphibious vehicles are those that travel on an air cushion (
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are not amphibious vehicles as they do not work on land, although they are part of
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Hagglunds Bv206 in US military service as M-973 SUSV (small unit support vehicle)
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For taking vehicles and supplies onto the beaches the US used the 1950s designed
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Some civilian deep wading vehicles achieve their capability by means of legs or
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but dropped the idea of amphibious tanks as obsolete. A pontoon based tank, the
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Many tracked armored vehicles that are primarily intended for land-use, such as
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Splashtour 'Amfibus' amphibious bus, An der Untertrave, LĂĽbeck, 12 August 2020
510:) was developed during World War II as well. A specially modified GPA, called
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and fitted it with a sail. During the challenge, which was to drive across a
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Before World War II, The Soviets produced light amphibious tanks called the
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meters tall, can deal with obstacles 1 to 2 meters in height. The smallest
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1944 Sherman DD (Duplex Drive) amphibious tank with float screens lowered
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developed a reputation of being able to go where other trucks could not.
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and propellers driven by the main engine to give propulsion. These were
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to give additional functionality, rather than being the main function.
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One of the most capable post-war amphibious off-roaders was the German
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Amphibious steam-powered carriage designed by Oliver Evans (1775–1819)
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greater than water (their weight in kilograms exceeds their volume in
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has, on several occasions, used amphibious vehicles as the basis for
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to raise the body of the vehicle from its wheels. One example is the
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In World War II the British further developed amphibious tanks. The
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featured a very similar challenge in S04E06. Their vehicles were a
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modes in about five seconds. The first Gibbs fast amphibian is the
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2253:"Splashtours: Amphibious bus ride through the canals of Amsterdam"
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chassis and carry 43 passengers. The operation started in 2010 in
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2100:"Attorneys: New Classification Needed for High Speed Amphibians"
1768:"Killer amphibious vehicle - 39 mph on water and 55 mph on land"
1612:, which he nicknamed the "Toybota", and powered it with a large
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710: – on Thames river in London near Lambeth Bridge.
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2073:"Motorcycle Innovations: Introducing the Amphibious Motorcycle"
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1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1083:
1018:
938:
888:
811:
802:
754:, introduced in October 2012. It went on sale in January 2013.
2294:
16:
Vehicle capable of transport on both land and over/under water
3107:
2962:
2531:
2447:
2170:"WaterCar Panther, the amphibious off-road vehicle sets sail"
1556:
1536:
1324:
1289:
1211:
1203:
927:
862:
679:
667:
646:
amphibious buses made by Dutch Amphibious Transport (DAT) in
445:
company has still not produced because of regulatory issues.
310:
206:
172:
168:
110:
1035:
BTR-80s coming ashore, engine snorkels and waterjet deployed
960:
water-jet propulsion units drove it along at about 6 knots.
183:
body configurations or other unconventional designs such as
179:
in addition to or instead of wheels, and in some cases have
2281:"Britain's first amphibious bus nearly becomes a submarine"
1632:, the Toybota made it almost all the way to the end before
1499:
1313:
1309:
1179:. The United States started developing a long line of LVT (
1044:
984:
846:
707:
306:
1873:"Was This America's First Steamboat, Locomotive, and Car?"
1331:
or by their tracks. In 1969, the U.S. Army rushed the new
1327:
are amphibious, typically being propelled in the water by
3267:
2837:
2725:
2562:
1997:
Shourie, D. (17 February 2006). "Grassroots inventions".
1620:, which he combined with a boat hull to build a drivable
1552:
are nimble enough to follow some rolling of the terrain.
1090:
1059:
873:
854:
473:
345:
Until the late 1920s, the efforts to unify a boat and an
197:
and perhaps a propeller. This is possible as a vehicle's
2393:
British Battle Tanks British-made Tanks of World War II
2126:"With Car/Boat Stalled, Gibbs to Launch Amphibious ATV"
1936:"The Alligator or Steam Powered Amphibious Warping Tug"
514:, was driven and sailed around the world by Australian
1858:"Conestoga Wagon Replica (U.S. National Park Service)"
2321:"Gibbs Launches 30-foot Phibian High Speed Amphibian"
2048:"Shuttle-Bike - convert a bike to a pedal-power boat"
1288:(from "Duplex Drive") and the Sherman DD was used on
918:
truck-series to move supplies through the canals and
536:
Purely recreational amphibian cars include the 1960s
2515:. HEEL Verlag, Gut-Pottscheidt Konigswinter, 1998,
547:In 2010, a Southern California-based company named
1652:). The challenge was to drive the cars across the
1515:Brighton and Rottingdean Seashore Electric Railway
525:, that featured a hull made of seawater-resistant
2201:"Amphibious WaterCar is a pricey, fast boat, too"
1825:"Raimondo di Sangro - Experiments and Inventions"
1051:, are manufactured with amphibious capabilities.
706:Amphibious tour bus – a converted
317:to counteract the force of the wind in the sail.
3617:
1986:. Bonnier Corporation. 1 April 1931. p. 70.
1252:successfully swam in a river near Christchurch.
956:as their amphibious cargo carrier. In the water
462:have been conceived from ca. 1900; however, the
2347:The Vickers Tanks: From Landships to Challenger
1574:can take troops and materials (if necessary an
865:design firm who also designed the hull for the
432:Land Tamer amphibious 8x8 remote access vehicle
2345:Foss, Christopher F.; McKenzie, Peter (1988).
2198:
2547:
2018:Moraga, Ernesto Octavio (21 September 1971).
1793:"Howe and Howe Tech: Meet The Assault Lander"
1168:'Buffalos' taking Canadian troops across the
264:whose design of 1781 was built in June 1987.
2508:, Guildford Grammar School Foundation, 1989.
2383:
2381:
2379:
2344:
1067:
849:was the most successful amphibious truck of
480:engineering firm in 1942 and widely used in
1624:called the "Dampervan". May started with a
876:amphibious cargo carrier which was used by
650:, Netherlands are used to operate tours of
2554:
2540:
2318:
2199:England-Nelson, Jordan (27 January 2014).
2123:
2097:
887:. In the 1950s, the Soviets developed the
845:With more than 20,000 units produced, the
816:Constructions Maritimes du Vivier Amphibie
766:Amphibious boat used for water maintenance
746:(covered in the "Tracked" section below).
633:driving at High Speeds on Lake Havasu, AZ.
484:. The amphibious bodywork was designed by
147:
2376:
1429:Examples of this concept are the Russian
1257:Vickers-Carden-Loyd Light Amphibious Tank
260:of Sansevero in July 1770 or earlier, or
2958:Cabriolet / Convertible / Drophead coupe
2387:
2349:. Patrick Stephens Limited. p. 28.
2020:"Cyclo Amphibious (US Patent 3,606,856)"
1978:"Strange Craft at Home on Water or Land"
1530:
1462:
1412:
1160:
1148:
1030:
830:
789:
427:
385:
319:
273:
243:
175:etc. This explains why many designs use
151:
3304:Homogeneous charge compression ignition
2415:
1996:
598:"Drozd" amphibious vehicle during the "
390:Amphibious bike 'Cyclomer', Paris, 1932
3618:
2465:(first ed.). Osprey. p. 18.
2098:Laviolette, Bryan (14 February 2012).
2045:
2017:
1963:
1961:
1765:
814:make use of similar boats. Currently,
224:. Most amphibians will work only as a
2535:
2460:
2319:Laviolette, Bryan (9 February 2012).
2267:"Splashtour LĂĽbeck - Splashtours bus"
2167:
1870:
835:Amphibious vehicle used by coastguard
567:Other amphibious cars include the US
1933:
945:which could carry 60 tons of cargo.
826:
2418:"Vityaz Transporters From Ishumbai"
2416:Shangin, Vladimir (February 1999).
1958:
1881:. American Heritage. Archived from
1379:Vickers Carden Loyd amphibious tank
1093:armored scout cars, as well as the
1021:5-ton U.S. amphibious cargo vehicle
13:
2483:
1443:Bronco All Terrain Tracked Carrier
14:
3652:
2968:Coupé de Ville / Sedanca de Ville
2527:
2124:Laviolette, Bryan (2 July 2010).
1801:. 2 February 2010. Archived from
1766:Hanlon, Mike (28 February 2007).
1539:Mk.3, a large civilian hovercraft
2395:. Osprey Publishing. p. 5.
1688:combined with a Sea Ray boat; a
1543:An air-cushion vehicle (ACV) or
1396:
1384:
1372:
1010:
995:
976:
910:used the amphibious articulated
771:
759:
699:
687:
623:
607:
591:
576:
239:
65:
54:
45:
34:
25:
2454:
2440:
2409:
2363:
2338:
2312:
2287:
2273:
2259:
2245:
2220:
2192:
2161:
2143:
2117:
2091:
2065:
2039:
2011:
1990:
1452:
1421:According to a 1999 article in
1354:M113 armoured personnel carrier
785:
729:) designed and manufactured in
494:. An amphibious version of the
356:first petrol-powered automobile
232:, skimming over the water like
3605:Template:EC car classification
2561:
1970:
1927:
1905:"Great Citizens - Gail Borden"
1897:
1864:
1850:
1817:
1785:
1759:
1672:, their intended destination.
1200:M113 Armored Personnel Carrier
1127:
1058:is a compact, lightly armored
794:Oyster boat in the harbour at
1:
2424:. No. 31. Archived from
2373:. Crowood Press. pp. 178, 185
1871:Lubar, Steven (Spring 2006).
1752:
1520:
1408:
1132:
286:, was conceived and built by
2168:Lloyd, Alex (27 June 2013).
2046:Hanlon, Mike (4 June 2004).
1664:, although they ended up in
1471:A4 with turret snorkel, 2010
1308:. A third serial model, the
1240:At the end of World War I a
1183:) designs from around 1940.
1144:
853:. This 31-foot (9.4 m)
370:
228:when in the water – few can
7:
2498:The Other Half of Half-Safe
2371:The British Tanks 1915-1919
1720:
1581:
1568:air-cushioned landing craft
1214:APCs based on its chassis.
1192:armoured personnel carriers
1041:armoured personnel carriers
552:has been featured on ABC's
209:) and will need additional
10:
3657:
3631:18th-century introductions
3294:Gasoline / petrol
3058:Roadster / Spider / Spyder
2493:, Andre Deutsch Ltd, 1955.
1878:Invention & Technology
1586:The BBC television series
1524:
1456:
1202:. Soviet examples are the
1188:armoured fighting vehicles
1122:
1026:
838:
452:
421:
379:
365:
156:Pod Water Jet on a French
3590:
3514:
3434:(engine / drive)
3428:
3400:
3347:
3199:
3121:
2913:
2851:
2810:
2757:
2724:
2696:
2668:
2630:
2579:
2570:
1206:amphibious tank, and the
1157:emerge from the Aberdeen.
1117:infantry fighting vehicle
394:An amphibious cycle is a
375:
3073:Sedan delivery/Panel van
2513:Mit dem Auto baden gehen
2463:A Dictionary of Aviation
2461:Wragg, David W. (1973).
2369:Fletcher, David (2001).
2151:"Fastest amphibious car"
1798:Discovery Communications
1235:
1068:see detail picture above
1049:amphibious warfare ships
869:. Britain developed the
821:
779:Sealegs Amphibious Craft
723:Sealegs Amphibious Craft
715:
666:brand. The buses have a
638:
476:vehicle designed by the
305:, designed and tested a
185:screw-propelled vehicles
3334:Liquified petroleum gas
3146:Driverless (autonomous)
1181:Landing Vehicle Tracked
859:Sparkman & Stephens
818:has a range of models.
448:
417:
148:General technical notes
3239:Compressed natural gas
3166:Personal rapid transit
2155:Guinness World Records
1540:
1472:
1418:
1172:
1158:
1153:Two U.S. Marine Corps
1036:
878:79th Armoured Division
836:
798:
742:featuring all-terrain
460:Amphibious automobiles
433:
391:
331:
279:
249:
160:
138:Ground effect vehicles
3505:Dual motor-four-wheel
3103:Town (Coupé de Ville)
1934:Owen, Bryant (1999).
1732:Amphibious automobile
1534:
1466:
1416:
1164:
1152:
1034:
952:used the 6x6 wheeled
834:
793:
731:Auckland, New Zealand
540:and the contemporary
455:Amphibious automobile
431:
396:human-powered vehicle
389:
323:
277:
247:
155:
3516:Engine configuration
1737:Amphibious excavator
472:, a small jeep-like
3636:History of the tank
3626:Amphibious vehicles
3522:internal combustion
3324:Internal combustion
3131:All-terrain vehicle
3053:Retractable hardtop
2428:on 16 February 2012
2283:. 11 February 2010.
2077:American Industrial
1915:on 13 February 2012
1805:on 1 September 2010
1550:personal hovercraft
884:Landwasserschlepper
301:, better known for
2130:The Detroit Bureau
2079:. 20 November 2015
1831:Cappella Sansevero
1727:Amphibian aircraft
1618:Volkswagen Vanagon
1541:
1473:
1419:
1177:amphibious assault
1173:
1159:
1037:
837:
799:
434:
392:
332:
284:Orukter Amphibolos
280:
258:Raimondo di Sangro
250:
161:
134:amphibious warfare
83:amphibious vehicle
3641:Military vehicles
3613:
3612:
2909:
2908:
2678:Compact executive
2206:The Seattle Times
1702:Plymouth Conquest
1616:. Hammond used a
1441:designs, and the
1337:MGM-51 Shillelagh
965:M3 Amphibious Rig
827:Trucks and barges
631:Water Car Panther
571:and the Spira4u.
558:as well as USA's
248:A conestoga wagon
226:displacement hull
3648:
3525:
3484:Front-four-wheel
3435:
3298:direct injection
3209:Alternative fuel
3023:Multi-stop truck
2577:
2576:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2477:
2476:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2385:
2374:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2176:. Archived from
2165:
2159:
2158:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2015:
2009:
2008:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1942:. Archived from
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1911:. Archived from
1901:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1838:on 14 March 2014
1834:. Archived from
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1763:
1742:Float (nautical)
1690:Jeep Wrangler YJ
1433:, Swedish Volvo
1400:
1388:
1376:
1246:Hendon Reservoir
1014:
999:
980:
775:
763:
738:, an amphibious
703:
691:
627:
611:
595:
580:
464:Second World War
382:Amphibious cycle
115:railway vehicles
69:
58:
49:
38:
29:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3586:
3557:Single-cylinder
3519:
3518:
3510:
3498:Rear-four-wheel
3449:Front mid-front
3433:
3432:
3424:
3402:Engine position
3396:
3343:
3329:Liquid nitrogen
3195:
3123:
3117:
2905:
2847:
2806:
2753:
2739:Crossover (CUV)
2720:
2692:
2664:
2626:
2566:
2560:
2530:
2486:
2484:Further reading
2481:
2480:
2473:
2459:
2455:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2422:Military Parade
2414:
2410:
2403:
2389:Fletcher, David
2386:
2377:
2368:
2364:
2357:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2325:Fast Amphibians
2317:
2313:
2303:
2301:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2255:. 26 June 2018.
2251:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2211:
2209:
2197:
2193:
2183:
2181:
2166:
2162:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2122:
2118:
2108:
2106:
2104:Fast Amphibians
2096:
2092:
2082:
2080:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2056:
2054:
2044:
2040:
2030:
2028:
2016:
2012:
1995:
1991:
1983:Popular Science
1976:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1959:
1949:
1947:
1946:on 30 June 2008
1932:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1909:Houston History
1903:
1902:
1898:
1888:
1886:
1885:on 22 June 2009
1869:
1865:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1841:
1839:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1806:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1776:
1774:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1723:
1696:turned into an
1682:Volkswagen Golf
1658:Richard Branson
1654:English Channel
1641:Nissan Hardbody
1584:
1529:
1523:
1461:
1455:
1423:Military Parade
1411:
1404:
1401:
1392:
1389:
1380:
1377:
1295:English Channel
1238:
1170:Scheldt in 1944
1147:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1006:
1000:
991:
981:
958:vectored thrust
914:and the larger
867:Ford GPA 'Seep'
843:
829:
824:
788:
781:
776:
767:
764:
718:
711:
704:
695:
692:
641:
634:
628:
619:
612:
603:
596:
587:
584:VW Schwimmwagen
581:
457:
451:
426:
420:
384:
378:
373:
368:
340:Simcoe, Ontario
269:conestoga wagon
242:
218:screw propeller
150:
119:combat vehicles
79:
78:
77:
76:
72:
71:
70:
61:
60:
59:
51:
50:
41:
40:
39:
31:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3654:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3528:
3526:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3501:
3494:
3491:Mid-four-wheel
3487:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3436:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3406:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3353:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3306:
3301:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3261:
3255:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3205:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3078:Shooting brake
3075:
3070:
3068:Saloon / Sedan
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2919:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2857:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2763:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2730:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2702:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2674:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2583:
2581:
2574:
2572:Classification
2568:
2567:
2559:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2536:
2529:
2528:External links
2526:
2525:
2524:
2509:
2494:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2471:
2453:
2448:"ARKTOS Craft"
2439:
2408:
2401:
2375:
2362:
2355:
2337:
2311:
2295:"Our projects"
2286:
2272:
2258:
2244:
2219:
2191:
2180:on 1 July 2013
2160:
2142:
2116:
2090:
2064:
2038:
2025:Google Patents
2010:
1989:
1969:
1957:
1926:
1896:
1863:
1849:
1816:
1784:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1722:
1719:
1626:Triumph Herald
1614:outboard motor
1583:
1580:
1525:Main article:
1522:
1519:
1457:Main article:
1454:
1451:
1445:of Singapore.
1437:and Hagglunds
1410:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1371:
1365:Stridsvagn 103
1363:, the Swedish
1237:
1234:
1230:D-Day invasion
1146:
1143:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1007:
1004:Alvis Stalwart
1001:
994:
992:
982:
975:
954:Alvis Stalwart
924:Southeast Asia
828:
825:
823:
820:
807:oyster farming
787:
784:
783:
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777:
770:
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758:
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714:
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705:
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640:
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635:
629:
622:
620:
613:
606:
604:
597:
590:
588:
582:
575:
518:in the 1950s.
453:Main article:
450:
447:
424:Amphibious ATV
422:Main article:
419:
416:
380:Main article:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
303:condensed milk
262:Samuel Bentham
241:
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3552:Reciprocating
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3470:Rear mid-rear
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3083:Station wagon
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2999:
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2973:Coupé utility
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2798:
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2787:Sport compact
2785:
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2709:
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2699:
2698:Minivan / MPV
2695:
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2679:
2676:
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2537:
2534:
2522:
2521:3-89365-702-9
2518:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2506:0-9598731-1-2
2503:
2499:
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2487:
2474:
2472:9780850451634
2468:
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2412:
2404:
2402:9781472820037
2398:
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2372:
2366:
2358:
2356:1-85260-141-8
2352:
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2127:
2120:
2105:
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2094:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2014:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1993:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1964:
1962:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1930:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1884:
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1725:
1724:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1686:Rutledge Wood
1683:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1622:cabin cruiser
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1596:. In S08E03,
1595:
1591:
1590:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1551:
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1387:
1382:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1350:
1349:acrylic glass
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1333:M551 Sheridan
1330:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1250:Medium Mark D
1248:. A modified
1247:
1243:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1151:
1142:
1140:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1112:APCs and the
1111:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1033:
1020:
1013:
1008:
1005:
998:
993:
990:
986:
979:
974:
973:
972:
968:
966:
961:
959:
955:
951:
946:
944:
941:and the huge
940:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
900:
898:
894:
890:
886:
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879:
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872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
842:
833:
819:
817:
813:
808:
804:
797:
796:Gorey, Jersey
792:
780:
774:
769:
762:
757:
756:
755:
753:
747:
745:
741:
737:
732:
728:
724:
709:
702:
697:
690:
685:
684:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
632:
626:
621:
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610:
605:
601:
594:
589:
585:
579:
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572:
570:
565:
563:
562:
557:
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545:
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539:
534:
532:
528:
524:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
492:
487:
486:Erwin Komenda
483:
479:
475:
471:
470:
465:
461:
456:
446:
442:
438:
430:
425:
415:
411:
408:
404:
402:
397:
388:
383:
363:
359:
357:
352:
348:
343:
341:
337:
329:
326:
325:Alligator tug
322:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
293:
289:
288:United States
285:
276:
272:
270:
265:
263:
259:
255:
246:
240:Early history
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
159:
154:
145:
143:
139:
135:
131:
130:landing craft
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
68:
57:
48:
37:
28:
19:
3392:Twelve-wheel
3349:Drive wheels
3135:
3122:Specialized
3043:Pickup truck
2948:Cabrio coach
2792:Sports sedan
2767:Grand tourer
2512:
2497:
2496:Ben Carlin,
2490:
2489:Ben Carlin,
2462:
2456:
2442:
2430:. Retrieved
2426:the original
2421:
2411:
2392:
2370:
2365:
2346:
2340:
2328:. Retrieved
2324:
2314:
2302:. Retrieved
2299:CMV Amphibie
2298:
2289:
2275:
2261:
2247:
2235:. Retrieved
2231:
2222:
2210:. Retrieved
2204:
2194:
2182:. Retrieved
2178:the original
2174:Yahoo! Autos
2173:
2163:
2154:
2145:
2133:. Retrieved
2129:
2119:
2107:. Retrieved
2103:
2093:
2081:. Retrieved
2076:
2067:
2055:. Retrieved
2051:
2041:
2029:. Retrieved
2023:
2013:
1998:
1992:
1981:
1972:
1948:. Retrieved
1944:the original
1939:
1929:
1917:. Retrieved
1913:the original
1908:
1899:
1887:. Retrieved
1883:the original
1876:
1866:
1852:
1840:. Retrieved
1836:the original
1828:
1819:
1807:. Retrieved
1803:the original
1796:
1787:
1775:. Retrieved
1771:
1761:
1711:Lake Ontario
1706:Tanner Foust
1694:Adam Ferrara
1677:Top Gear USA
1675:
1674:
1638:
1610:Toyota Hilux
1587:
1585:
1565:
1554:
1542:
1504:
1498:The Russian
1497:
1489:
1474:
1453:Deep fording
1447:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1358:
1345:2/34th Armor
1341:M48A3 Patton
1323:such as the
1318:
1299:
1270:
1254:
1242:Mark IX tank
1239:
1228:used in the
1216:
1185:
1174:
1136:
1072:
1053:
1038:
989:World War II
969:
962:
950:British Army
947:
936:
920:rice paddies
901:
882:
851:World War II
844:
815:
800:
786:Oyster boats
748:
736:Iguana Yacht
719:
663:
662:, under the
642:
586:in June 1944
569:Hydra Spyder
566:
559:
555:The Bachelor
553:
546:
542:Gibbs Aquada
535:
523:Amphi-Ranger
520:
507:
503:
489:
482:World War II
469:Schwimmwagen
467:
458:
443:
439:
435:
412:
409:
405:
401:paddle wheel
393:
360:
344:
333:
327:
296:
292:Oliver Evans
283:
281:
266:
251:
222:water jet(s)
215:
199:displacement
189:
162:
141:
127:
86:
82:
80:
18:
3542:Four-stroke
3442:Front-front
3382:Eight-wheel
3357:Front-wheel
3289:Natural gas
3274:Fossil fuel
3229:Biogasoline
2915:Body styles
2843:Vintage car
2511:René Pohl:
2232:Spira4u.com
2000:The Tribune
1967:Pohl, 1998.
1668:instead of
1650:daggerboard
1511:sea tractor
1477:Sherman DDs
1459:Deep wading
1359:During the
1321:light tanks
1079:Soviet bloc
1073:During the
1056:Panhard VBL
1054:The French
904:Vietnam War
902:During the
810:farmers in
672:Katendrecht
664:Splashtours
600:Armiya 2020
561:Royal Pains
506:(short for
336:"Alligator"
299:Gail Borden
181:articulated
142:ekranoplans
85:(or simply
3620:Categories
3567:Two-stroke
3463:Front-rear
3456:Rear-front
3372:Four-wheel
3362:Rear-wheel
3201:Propulsion
3191:Voiturette
3176:Flying car
3171:Police car
3136:Amphibious
3048:Quad coupé
2938:Berlinetta
2655:Street rod
2597:Subcompact
2228:"About Us"
2005:Chandigarh
1753:References
1594:challenges
1545:hovercraft
1527:Hovercraft
1521:Hovercraft
1481:Tiger tank
1409:Multi-unit
1278:M4 Sherman
1139:M29 Weasel
1133:M29 Weasel
1002:A British
841:Duck tours
839:See also:
616:Land Rover
531:Gale force
516:Ben Carlin
498:jeep, the
491:KĂĽbelwagen
347:automobile
328:Bonnechere
234:speedboats
230:hydroplane
192:waterproof
165:Hovercraft
140:, such as
123:hovercraft
3477:Rear-rear
3387:Ten-wheel
3377:Six-wheel
3367:Two-wheel
3279:Fuel cell
3219:Biodiesel
3186:Tow truck
3161:Pedal car
3141:Connected
3113:Vis-Ă -vis
3088:Targa top
3033:Panel van
3028:Notchback
3008:Limousine
2998:Landaulet
2988:Hatchback
2933:Barchetta
2901:S-segment
2896:M-segment
2891:J-segment
2886:F-segment
2881:E-segment
2876:D-segment
2871:C-segment
2866:B-segment
2861:A-segment
2772:Hot hatch
2749:Coupe SUV
2683:Executive
2645:Lead sled
2622:Full-size
2602:Supermini
2491:Half-Safe
1950:11 August
1940:Duckworks
1889:11 August
1715:passports
1645:oil drums
1634:capsizing
1630:reservoir
1576:M1 Abrams
1492:Leopard 2
1469:Leopard 2
1329:hydrojets
1262:PZInĹĽ 130
1128:Unarmored
932:M520 Goer
916:M520 Goer
912:Gama Goat
740:motorboat
656:Rotterdam
652:Amsterdam
512:Half-Safe
496:Willys MB
371:Unarmored
309:-powered
297:Inventor
290:inventor
87:amphibian
3600:Category
3577:W engine
3562:Straight
3319:Hydrogen
3284:Fuel gas
3249:Electric
3124:vehicles
3063:Runabout
3013:Microvan
3003:Liftback
2993:Kammback
2978:Fastback
2953:Cab over
2943:Brougham
2688:Personal
2660:T-bucket
2650:Lowrider
2617:Mid-size
2432:15 April
2391:(2017).
2083:9 August
2007:, India.
1721:See also
1704:, which
1700:; and a
1692:, which
1684:, which
1666:Sangatte
1598:Clarkson
1589:Top Gear
1582:In media
1361:Cold War
1286:DD tanks
1282:buoyancy
1273:Crusader
1219:buoyancy
1075:Cold War
1043:(APCs),
871:Terrapin
648:Nijmegen
549:WaterCar
538:Amphicar
508:Sea jeep
500:Ford GPA
254:polymath
211:buoyancy
128:Classic
95:bicycles
3572:V (Vee)
3547:H-block
3313:plug-in
3311: (
3296: (
3266: (
3264:Ethanol
3253:battery
3251: (
3224:Biofuel
3214:Autogas
3181:Taxicab
3156:Gyrocar
3151:Go-kart
3098:Touring
3093:Torpedo
3038:Phaeton
3018:Minibus
2983:Hardtop
2828:Economy
2823:Classic
2818:Antique
2802:Go-kart
2734:Compact
2711:Leisure
2706:Compact
2640:Hot rod
2612:Compact
2580:By size
2184:27 June
1698:airboat
1602:Hammond
1485:snorkel
1483:a long
1467:German
1226:DD tank
1223:Sherman
1145:Armored
1123:Tracked
1027:Armored
987:during
943:LARC-LX
908:US Army
893:BAV 485
752:Quadski
644:Amfibus
504:'Seep'
478:Porsche
366:Wheeled
351:chassis
315:ballast
256:Prince
220:(s) or
203:density
91:vehicle
89:) is a
3595:Portal
3582:Wankel
3507:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3489:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3430:Layout
3309:Hybrid
3244:Diesel
3234:Biogas
2928:Baquet
2777:Muscle
2759:Sports
2670:Luxury
2632:Custom
2607:Family
2565:design
2519:
2504:
2469:
2399:
2353:
2330:13 May
2304:13 May
2237:13 May
2212:13 May
2135:13 May
2109:13 May
2057:13 May
2052:Gizmag
2031:13 May
1919:13 May
1842:13 May
1829:Museo
1809:13 May
1777:13 May
1772:Gizmag
1747:Paddle
1670:Calais
1662:France
1507:stilts
1431:Vityaz
1221:. The
1208:BTR-50
1196:tracks
1155:AAV-7s
1114:BTR-90
1107:BTR-94
1103:BTR-80
1099:BTR-70
1095:BTR-60
1088:BRDM-2
1084:BRDM-1
1019:LARC-V
939:LARC-V
906:, the
895:, and
889:GAZ-46
812:Jersey
803:mussel
744:tracks
660:LĂĽbeck
376:Cycles
330:, 1907
207:litres
177:tracks
121:, and
111:trucks
3532:Boxer
3410:Front
3339:Steam
3108:T-top
2963:Coupe
2811:Other
2797:Super
2587:Micro
1561:knots
1557:SR.N4
1537:SR.N4
1439:Bv206
1435:Bv202
1325:PT-76
1319:Some
1302:T-37A
1290:D-Day
1236:Tanks
1212:MT-LB
1204:PT-76
1045:tanks
928:HEMTT
863:yacht
822:Cargo
716:Boats
680:Porto
676:ferry
668:Volvo
639:Buses
527:AlMg2
311:wagon
173:swamp
169:marsh
107:buses
3537:Flat
3420:Rear
2782:Pony
2744:Mini
2716:Mini
2517:ISBN
2502:ISBN
2467:ISBN
2434:2007
2397:ISBN
2351:ISBN
2332:2018
2306:2018
2239:2018
2214:2018
2186:2013
2137:2018
2111:2018
2085:2016
2059:2018
2033:2018
1952:2014
1921:2018
1891:2014
1844:2018
1811:2018
1779:2018
1604:and
1572:LCAC
1535:BHC
1500:T-90
1490:The
1314:T-26
1310:T-40
1306:T-38
1304:and
1266:L1E3
1210:and
1190:and
1137:The
1105:and
1086:and
1077:the
1047:and
985:DUKW
963:The
948:The
861:, a
847:DUKW
805:and
727:RIBs
708:DUKW
658:and
449:Cars
418:ATVs
307:sail
267:The
195:hull
103:cars
99:ATVs
3415:Mid
3268:E85
3258:NEV
2923:2+2
2838:Van
2833:Ute
2726:SUV
2592:Kei
2563:Car
1606:May
1166:LVT
1110:8x8
1091:4x4
1064:VAB
1060:4x4
922:of
897:PTS
874:8x8
855:6x6
474:4x4
158:VAB
81:An
3622::
2853:EU
2500:,
2420:.
2378:^
2323:.
2297:.
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1980:.
1960:^
1938:.
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1101:,
1097:,
1017:A
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891:,
682:.
654:,
614:A
502:or
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342:.
236:.
171:,
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125:.
117:,
113:,
109:,
105:,
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2555:e
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602:"
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