68:
12926:
12947:
320:
853:(scopolamine), and other drugs possessing anticonvulsant, anticholinergic, and/or antispasmodic properties, as well as many other drugs with CNS actions. These drugs are used along with analgesics to modulate and/or modify the action of opioids when used against pain, especially of neuropathic origin.
956:
work and minor medical procedures. In
February 2007 the FDA notified consumers and healthcare professionals of the potential hazards of topical anesthetics entering the bloodstream when applied in large doses to the skin without medical supervision. These topical anesthetics contain anesthetic drugs
603:
When used appropriately, opioids and other central analgesics are safe and effective; however, risks such as addiction and the body's becoming used to the drug (tolerance) can occur. The effect of tolerance means that frequent use of the drug may result in its diminished effect. When safe to do so,
731:
concurrently with weak to mid-range opiates (up to about the hydrocodone level) has been said to show beneficial synergistic effects by combating pain at multiple sites of action, several combination analgesic products have been shown to have few efficacy benefits when compared to similar doses of
5606:
Gobbi M, Moia M, Pirona L, Ceglia I, Reyes-Parada M, Scorza C, Mennini T (September 2002). "p-Methylthioamphetamine and 1-(m-chlorophenyl)piperazine, two non-neurotoxic 5-HT releasers in vivo, differ from neurotoxic amphetamine derivatives in their mode of action at 5-HT nerve endings in vitro".
6978:
4395:
Comes in free, hydrochloride salt, citrate salt forms; practically insoluble in water (free form), soluble in water (citrate salt form), freely soluble in ethanol and methanol; degrades outside the temperature range of 15 °C and 30 °C and upon contact with
732:
their individual components. Moreover, these combination analgesics can often result in significant adverse events, including accidental overdoses, most often due to confusion that arises from the multiple (and often non-acting) components of these combinations.
6657:
3495:
Comes in freebase, hydrochloride, phosphate, polistirex, thiocyanate, tartrate, bitartrate and hydrogen tartrate salt forms; freely soluble in water, practically insoluble in organic solvents (hydrogen tartrate salt); degrades upon contact with air and
3424:
Comes in free form, hydrochloride salt, sulfate salt and phosphate salts; soluble in boiling water (free form), freely soluble in ethanol (free form), soluble/freely soluble in water (salt forms); sensitive to degradation by light. Methoxy analogue of
548:, with some structural similarities to tramadol, presents what is believed to be a novel drug working through two (and possibly three) different modes of action in the fashion of both a traditional opioid and as an SNRI. The effects of serotonin and
6986:
604:
the dosage may need to be increased to maintain effectiveness against tolerance, which may be of particular concern regarding patients with chronic pain and requiring an analgesic over long periods. Opioid tolerance is often addressed with
564:), but opioid-tolerant individuals usually have higher dose ceilings than patients without tolerance. Opioids, while very effective analgesics, may have some unpleasant side-effects. Patients starting morphine may experience
552:
on pain, while not completely understood, have had causal links established and drugs in the SNRI class are commonly used in conjunction with opioids (especially tapentadol and tramadol) with greater success in pain relief.
6360:
Kornhuber J, Bleich S, Wiltfang J, Maler M, Parsons CG (1999). "Flupirtine shows functional NMDA receptor antagonism by enhancing Mg2+ block via activation of voltage independent potassium channels. Rapid communication".
7180:
Neumann R, Schulzke SM, Bührer C (2012). "Oral ibuprofen versus intravenous ibuprofen or intravenous indomethacin for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
2403:
Comes in free acid and sodium form; practically insoluble in water in free form, freely soluble in water (sodium salt), fairly soluble in most organic solvents. Degrades on contact with air and light. Propionic acid
773:
properties, and is believed to be devoid of any activity on dopamine, serotonin, or histamine receptors. It is not addictive, and tolerance usually does not develop. However, tolerance may develop in some cases.
2269:
Comes in free acid and sodium salt form, sodium salt is the form used in human medicine; practically insoluble in water (free acid) and freely soluble in water (sodium salt); sensitive to degradation by air and
6655:
2138:
Bioavailability > 92% (oral), 70–90% (rectal); protein binding > 99%; volume of distribution = 0.1–0.2 L/kg; hepatic metabolism; half-life = 1.5–2 hours (oral), 2.2 hours (rectal), 2 hours (intravenous).
969:
provide pain relief in common conditions such as muscle sprains and overuse injuries. Since the side effects are also lesser, topical preparations could be preferred over oral medications in these conditions.
2174:
Bioavailability of IM formulation = 100%; protein binding = 99%; hepatic metabolism mostly via glucoronic acid conjugation and p-hydroxylation; half-life = 5–6 hours; excretion = urine (91.4%), faeces (6.1%).
1503:
Comes in sodium, potassium and diethylamine (topically used as a gel) salt forms; sparingly soluble in water but soluble in ethanol. Unstable in the presence of light and air. Indole acetic acid derivative.
3719:
Comes in hydrochloride salt form; fairly soluble in water (1 in 4), practically insoluble in most organic solvents; degrades upon contact with air, light and temperatures outside 15 °C to 30 °C.
4561:
Dizziness, euphoria, paranoia, somnolence, abnormal thinking, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, depression, hallucinations, hypotension, special difficulties, emotional lability, tremors, flushing, etc.
608:
in which a patient is routinely switched between two or more non-cross-tolerant opioid medications in order to prevent exceeding safe dosages in the attempt to achieve an adequate analgesic effect.
4555:
Bioavailability = 10–20%; protein binding = 90–99%; volume of distribution = 10 L/kg; hepatic metabolism; half-life = 25–36 hours, 44–59 hours (metabolites); excretion = faeces (50%), urine (15%).
637:
Alcohol has biological, mental, and social effects which influence the consequences of using alcohol for pain. Moderate use of alcohol can lessen certain types of pain in certain circumstances.
615:. The symptoms of these two conditions can appear very similar but the mechanism of action is different. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia is when exposure to opioids increases the sensation of pain (
7708:
He A, Hersh EV (December 2012). "A review of intranasal ketorolac tromethamine for the short-term management of moderate to moderately severe pain that requires analgesia at the opioid level".
429:
enzyme inhibited by NSAIDs was discovered to have at least two different versions: COX1 and COX2. Research suggested most of the adverse effects of NSAIDs to be mediated by blocking the COX1 (
3776:
Comes in tartrate salt form; fairly insoluble in water (1 in 50) and fairly insoluble in ethanol, chloroform and ether; unstable outside of 15 °C and 30 °C; phenanthrene derivative.
3751:
Comes in tartrate salt form; sparingly soluble in water, insoluble in most organic solvents; degrades upon contact with air and at temperatures outside the range of 15 °C and 30 °C.
2279:
Protein binding > 99%; half-life = 2–4 hours; hepatically metabolised via oxidation, hydroxylation, dehalogenation and conjugation with glucuronic acid; excretion = urine, faeces (20–30%).
3760:
Bioavailability = 60–70% (intranasal); protein binding = 80%; volume of distribution = 487 L; hepatic metabolism, mostly via hydroxylation; excretion = urine (mostly); half-life = 4.6 hours.
2849:
Comes in free acid and sodium salt forms; practically insoluble in water and hexane, very slightly soluble in most organic solvents. Degrades upon contact with light. Acetic acid derivative.
4657:
Fatigue, sedation, dizziness, ataxia, tremor, diplopia, nystagmus, amblyopia, amnesia, abnormal thinking, hypertension, vasodilation, peripheral oedema, dry mouth, weight gain and rash.
7403:
Shohin IE, Kulinich JI, Ramenskaya GV, Abrahamsson B, Kopp S, Langguth P, et al. (October 2012). "Biowaiver monographs for immediate-release solid oral dosage forms: ketoprofen".
7333:
Adachi H, Ioppolo F, Paoloni M, Santilli V (July 2011). "Physical characteristics, pharmacological properties and clinical efficacy of the ketoprofen patch: a new patch formulation".
4318:
Comes in hydrochloride salt form; freely soluble in water and methanol, insoluble in acetone; degrades at temperatures less than 15 °C and 30 °C and upon contact with light.
3728:
Bioavailability = 10% (oral); protein binding = 10–12%; volume of distribution = 1.94–4.22 L/kg; hepatic metabolism; half-life = 7–9 hours, 9–11 hours (XR); excretion = urine, faeces.
2952:
Comes as free acid; practically insoluble in water but freely soluble in most organic solvents; propionic acid derivative; degrades upon contact with light. Propionic acid derivative.
4676:
Bioavailability = 85–90%; protein binding = 13%: volume of distribution = 400 L; hepatic metabolism; half-life = 6–8 hours (L-isomer), 8–10 hours (D-isomer); excretion = urine (55%).
6640:
3235:
Bioavailability = 89%; protein binding > 99%; volume of distribution = 0.1–0.2 L/kg; half-life = 22–24 hours; extensive hepatic metabolism; excretion = urine (45%), faeces (47%).
3599:
Comes in hydrochloride salt form; freely soluble in water, fairly insoluble in organic solvents; degrades upon contact with light or temperatures outside 15 °C and 35 °C.
4349:
As per other opioids but with less respiratory depression and constipation. Psychiatric AEs reported. Serotonin syndrome possible if used in conjunction with other serotonergics.
5669:
5313:
4509:
Comes in free form and in hydrochloride and embonate salt forms; practically insoluble in water (embonate salt), freely soluble in water (HCl); degrades upon contact with light.
7843:
Balfour JA, Fitton A, Barradell LB (April 1996). "Lornoxicam. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic potential in the management of painful and inflammatory conditions".
3895:
Comes in free, hydrochloride and lactate salt forms; fairly insoluble in water (1:30 or less), more soluble in ethanol and chloroform; degrades upon contact with air and light.
9519:
8884:
8692:
8225:
8119:
7940:
7508:
7284:
4044:
Comes in free form, hydrochloride and napsilate salt forms; very soluble in water (HCl), practically insoluble in water (napsilate); degrades upon contact with light and air.
1589:
Bioavailability = 80–100%; protein binding > 99%; volume of distribution = 0.11 L/kg; hepatic metabolism; half-life = 8–12 hours; excretion = urine (90%), faeces (<5%).
640:
The majority of its analgesic effects come from antagonizing NMDA receptors, similarly to ketamine, thus decreasing the activity of the primary excitatory (signal boosting)
8376:
McCormack PL (December 2011). "Celecoxib: a review of its use for symptomatic relief in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis".
1227:
Bioavailability = 80–100%; protein binding = 25–95% (inversely dependent on plasma concentration); half life = 2–3 hours, 15–30 hours (higher doses); excretion = 80–100%.
1035:
Comes in betadex salt and free acid forms; practically insoluble in water, soluble in many organic solvents; degrades on contact with light; phenylacetic acid derivative.
5083:
4618:
Bioavailability = 90% (oral), 72.5% (rectal); protein binding = 80%; volume of distribution = 154 L; hepatic metabolism; half-life = 6.5 hours; excretion = urine (72%).
4178:
Comes in hydrochloride salt form; soluble in water and ethanol; degrades upon contact with air and light and outside the temperature range of 15 °C and 30 °C.
1210:
Comes in free form, aluminium and lysine salt forms; fairly insoluble in water (1 in 300); highly soluble (1 in 5) in alcohol; degrades on contact with air. Salicylate.
810:) are used alongside NSAIDs and opioids for pain involving nerve damage and similar problems. Other agents directly potentiate the effects of analgesics, such as using
6580:
Elliott KJ, Brodsky M, Hyanansky A, Foley KM, Inturrisi CE (December 1995). "Dextromethorphan shows efficacy in experimental pain (nociception) and opioid tolerance".
2908:
Bioavailability = 100% (oral), 80% (rectal); protein binding = 99%; volume of distribution = 0.15 L/kg; half-life = 60–75 hours; excretion = urine (67%), faeces (33%).
2624:
Comes in free acid and betadex salt forms; practically insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol; degrades on contact with air and light. Enolic acid derivative.
1546:
6896:
2413:
Bioavailability = ?; protein binding > 99.5%; volume of distribution = 10% of bodyweight; half-life = 12–15 hours; excretion = urine (95%), faeces (<3%).
11720:
4187:
Bioavailability = 36–100% (mean: 70–80%); protein binding = 81–97% (mean: 87%); volume of distribution = 1.9-8 L/kg (mean: 4 L/kg); hepatic metabolism, mostly via
3633:
Protein binding = 35%; extensive hepatic metabolism, with some metabolism occur in the gut after oral administration; half-life = 2 hours; excretion = urine (90%).
2299:
Comes in free acid form; practically insoluble in water, fairly insoluble in organic solvents; degrades on contact with air and light. Anthranilic acid derivative.
4450:
Comes in free and citrate salt forms; soluble in water, ethanol and methanol; degrades upon contact with light and temperatures outside 15 °C and 30 °C.
3180:
Bioavailability = 100%; protein binding = 91.4%; volume of distribution = 120 L; half-life = 22 hours; hepatic metabolism; excretion = urine (70%), faeces (20%).
644:, glutamate. It also functions as an analgesic to a lesser degree by increasing the activity of the primary inhibitory (signal reducing) neurotransmitter, GABA.
3929:
Comes in free, hydrochloride and phosphate forms; fairly insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether and chloroform; degrades upon contact with air and light.
10319:
2458:
Comes in free acid form, glycinamide and ethyl ester form; practically insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, acetone and methanol. Nicotinic acid derivative.
8974:
8333:
Brogden RN, Heel RC, Speight TM, Avery GS (June 1978). "Tolmetin: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in rheumatic diseases".
6874:
1487:
Bioavailability = ?; protein binding = 99%; metabolism = hepatic via carboxylation and hydroxylation; half-life = 1.8–3.5 hours; excretion = Urine (90%).
12878:
11958:
4595:
Anticholinergic effects, GI effects, yawning, sweating, dizziness, weakness, sexual dysfunction, somnolence, insomnia, headache, tremor, decreased appetite.
2496:
Bioavailability = ?; protein binding > 99.5%; volume of distribution = 0.15–0.25 L/kg; half-life = 50–60 hours; excretion = urine (65), faeces (35%).
437:) enzyme. Thus, the COX2 inhibitors were developed to inhibit only the COX2 enzyme (traditional NSAIDs block both versions in general). These drugs (such as
100:
5532:"Actions of tramadol, its enantiomers and principal metabolite, O-desmethyltramadol, on serotonin (5-HT) efflux and uptake in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus"
4740:
3473:
Rapidly hydrolysed to 6-acetylmorphine and then to morphine after crossing the blood-brain barrier which in turn activates the opioid receptors in the CNS.
2719:
755:—a monoamine reuptake inhibitor, and calcium and sodium channel modulator—is also approved for the treatment of moderate to severe pain in some countries.
8247:
Gonzalez JP, Todd PA (September 1987). "Tenoxicam. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy".
1737:
Comes in calcium salt; fairly insoluble in water and chloroform and fairly soluble in alcohol; sensitive to degradation by air. Propionic acid derivative.
7751:
Taggart E, Doran S, Kokotillo A, Campbell S, Villa-Roel C, Rowe BH (February 2013). "Ketorolac in the treatment of acute migraine: a systematic review".
3562:
Comes in hydrochloride/tartrate salt form; freely soluble in water, practically insoluble in most organic solvents; degrades upon contact with light/air.
3518:
6404:
Klawe C, Maschke M (June 2009). "Flupirtine: pharmacology and clinical applications of a nonopioid analgesic and potentially neuroprotective compound".
4149:
Comes in hydrochloride salt form; soluble in water, ethanol and methanol, fairly insoluble in acetone; unstable at temperatures greater than 25 °C.
8065:
Todd PA, Brogden RN (October 1986). "Oxaprozin. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy".
1887:
Comes in sodium salt and free acid forms; fairly insoluble in water but soluble in ethanol; sensitive to degradation by air. Propionic acid derivative.
912:, which are most commonly used for neuropathic pain, as their mechanism of action tends to inhibit pain sensation originating from the nervous system.
9639:
8944:
8914:
8638:
Davies NM, Skjodt NM (February 1999). "Clinical pharmacokinetics of meloxicam. A cyclo-oxygenase-2 preferential nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug".
2035:
Comes in free acid and sodium salt forms; practically insoluble in water and most solvents; sensitive to degradation by light. Acetic acid derivative.
456:
by 40% on average. This led to the withdrawal of rofecoxib and valdecoxib, and warnings on others. Etoricoxib seems relatively safe, with the risk of
9856:
8851:
2548:
11926:
9004:
7137:
Smith HS, Voss B (February 2012). "Pharmacokinetics of intravenous ibuprofen: implications of time of infusion in the treatment of pain and fever".
3408:
Bioavailability = 79% (sublingual); protein binding = 96%: volume of distribution = 97–187 L/kg; half-life = 20–36 hours; excretion = urine, faeces.
11715:
9785:
9669:
9205:
Brogden RN, Speight TM, Avery GS (1973). "Pentazocine: a review of its pharmacological properties, therapeutic efficacy and dependence liability".
9329:
9256:
7970:
3399:
Comes in free and hydrochloride salt forms; fairly insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, methanol and acetone; degrades upon contact with light.
12935:
9932:
7046:
6019:
5903:
3470:
Comes in hydrochloride salt form; freely soluble in water, soluble in alcohol; degrades upon contact with light. Diacetyl derivative of morphine.
1067:
Comes in free form; practically insoluble in water, soluble in certain organic solvents; degrades upon contact with light. Chemically related to
8043:
10618:
8462:
Balfour JA, Buckley MM (August 1991). "Etodolac. A reappraisal of its pharmacology and therapeutic use in rheumatic diseases and pain states".
8548:
Takemoto JK, Reynolds JK, Remsberg CM, Vega-Villa KR, Davies NM (2008). "Clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of etoricoxib".
6036:
Jensen B, Chen J, Furnish T, Wallace M (October 2015). "Medical
Marijuana and Chronic Pain: a Review of Basic Science and Clinical Evidence".
1512:
Bioavailability = 50–60%; protein binding = 99–99.8%; hepatic metabolism; half-life = 1.2–2 hours; excretion = urine (50–70%), faeces (30–35%)
365:. Effects last between two and four hours. Paracetamol is classified as a mild analgesic. Paracetamol is generally safe at recommended doses.
6447:
Stoessel C, Heberlein A, Hillemacher T, Bleich S, Kornhuber J (August 2010). "Positive reinforcing effects of flupirtine--two case reports".
3983:
Comes in hydrochloride form; very soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ether, soluble in ethanol; degrades upon contact with air and light.
2919:
1419:
7992:
Todd PA, Clissold SP (July 1990). "Naproxen. A reappraisal of its pharmacology, and therapeutic use in rheumatic diseases and pain states".
2858:
Bioavailability = 90%; protein binding = 93% (sulindac), 98% (active metabolite); hepatic metabolism; excretion = urine (50%), faeces (25%).
9110:
9034:
5195:
4645:
Binds to the α2δ-1 subunit of voltage gated calcium ion channels in the spinal cord. May also modulate NMDA receptors and protein kinase C.
2997:
1782:
9352:
9140:
7016:
6637:
11948:
10566:
8192:
4326:
3780:
2972:
1903:; postoperative ocular swelling; herpetic stromal keratitis, excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy; ocular gingivitis. Systemic use:
10037:
9545:
Holmes B, Ward A (October 1985). "Meptazinol. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy".
3608:
Bioavailability = 50–62% (oral); protein binding = 8–19%; extensively hepatically metabolised; half-life = 2–3 hours; excretion = urine.
2531:
As per bromfenac. For systemic use haematological side effects such as aplastic anaemia; agranulocytosis; leucopenia; neutropenia; etc.
1324:
Aspirin-paracetamol ester. Practically insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in ethanol and methanol, soluble in acetone and chloroform.
802:
Certain drugs that have been introduced for uses other than analgesics are also used in pain management. Both first-generation (such as
12729:
3151:
Bioavailability = ?; protein binding > 99%; volume of distribution = 0.41 L/kg; half-life = 6–7 hours; excretion = urine (73%).
2070:
12689:
5661:
5438:
Smith HS, Raffa RB, Pergolizzi JV, Taylor R, Tallarida RJ (July 2014). "Combining opioid and adrenergic mechanisms for chronic pain".
3766:
As above, but with a higher propensity for causing hallucinations and delusions. Respiratory depression is subject to ceiling effect.
3624:
Comes in freebase form, hydrochloride salt, sulfate salt and tartrate salt forms; soluble in water; degrades in the presence of light.
3537:
Comes in freebase, hydrochloride, camphorate and camsilate salt forms; soluble in water and alcohol; degrades upon contact with light.
2574:
Comes in free form; practically insoluble in water, freely soluble in most organic solvents; degrades upon contact with light and air.
6158:
5916:
The term medical marijuana refers to using the whole unprocessed marijuana plant or its basic extracts to treat a disease or symptom.
3109:
Comes in free form; practically insoluble in water, fairly soluble in organic solvents. Degrades on contact with light and moisture.
704:
preparations found in many non-prescription pain relievers. They can also be found in combination with vasoconstrictor drugs such as
9162:
Errick JK, Heel RC (September 1983). "Nalbuphine. A preliminary review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy".
3052:
Comes in sodium salt form; freely soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, freely soluble in methanol. Acetic acid derivative.
859:
has been noted to slow the development of and reverse tolerance to opioids, as well as to exert additional analgesia by acting upon
9523:
8873:
8681:
8214:
8141:
Brogden RN, Heel RC, Speight TM, Avery GS (October 1984). "Piroxicam. A reappraisal of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy".
8108:
7929:
7497:
7273:
5037:
4769:
Comes in free form; practically insoluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol; degrades upon contact with moisture, air and light.
3904:
Bioavailability = 60–70%; protein binding = 60%; hepatic metabolism; half-life = 2–3 hours; excretion = urine (primary), faeces.
5690:
Oxford
Textbook of Palliative Medicine, 3rd ed. (Doyle D, Hanks G, Cherney I and Calman K, eds. Oxford University Press, 2004).
5391:"A turbulent decade for NSAIDs: update on current concepts of classification, epidemiology, comparative efficacy, and toxicity"
5117:
3992:
Bioavailability = 50–60%; protein binding = 65–75%; hepatic metabolism; half-life = 2.5–4 hours; excretion = urine (primarily).
920:
Topical analgesia is generally recommended to avoid systemic side-effects. Painful joints, for example, may be treated with an
744:. The available research concludes that more research would be necessary to better understand the use of alternative medicine.
452:
After widespread adoption of the COX-2 inhibitors, it was discovered that most of the drugs in this class increase the risk of
5483:"Interaction of the central analgesic, tramadol, with the uptake and release of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the rat brain in vitro"
3485:
As per codeine. Higher potential for abuse compared to other opioids due to its rapid penetration of the blood-brain barrier.
12302:
11461:
6850:
6816:
6774:
5372:
3691:
Bioavailability = 60–87%; protein binding = 45%; volume of distribution = 2.6 L/kg; extensively metabolised in the liver via
3142:
Comes in free form; practically insoluble in water, freely soluble in acetone and dehydrated alcohol. Acetic acid derivative.
1399:
Comes in free acid form; practically insoluble in water, soluble in a few organic solvents; degrades upon contact with light.
647:
Attempting to use alcohol to treat pain has also been observed to lead to negative outcomes including excessive drinking and
740:
There is some evidence that some treatments using alternative medicine can relieve some types of pain more effectively than
12589:
12582:
10069:
9278:
Anderson P, Arnér S, Bondesson U, Boréus LO, Hartvig P (1982). "Single-dose kinetics and bioavailability of ketobemidone".
2899:
Comes as free acid; practically insoluble in water, fairly insoluble in organic solvents; degrades upon contact with light.
2378:
Comes in free acid form; practically insoluble in water, freely soluble in acetone; degrades on contact with air and light.
966:
4572:
Comes in hydrochloride salt form; slightly soluble in water, freely soluble in methanol; degrades upon contact with light.
11077:
10638:
10606:
6904:
1014:
374:
232:
8419:
Lynch S, Brogden RN (April 1986). "Etodolac. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic activity and therapeutic use".
4786:
Protein binding = 10–25%; volume of distribution = 1 L/kg; hepatic metabolism; half-life = 1–3 hours; excretion = urine.
449:) are equally effective analgesics when compared with NSAIDs, but cause less gastrointestinal hemorrhage in particular.
12332:
12195:
5571:
Reimann W, Schneider F (May 1998). "Induction of 5-hydroxytryptamine release by tramadol, fenfluramine and reserpine".
4366:
Comes in hydrochloride salt form; freely soluble in ethanol, water, methanol; degrades upon contact with air and light.
2203:
Protein binding = 99%; volume of distribution = 0.2 L/kg; half-life = 3–5 hours; excretion = faeces (51%), urine (42%).
2177:
Mild-moderate postoperative pain; acute migraine; inflammation of the eye due to cataract surgery or allergic seasonal
11956:
7093:
5189:
5147:
549:
541:
3132:
As per non-selective NSAIDs. More prone to causing thrombotic events than most of them, however, except diclofenac.
1896:
Bioavailability = 96% (oral); protein binding > 99%; volume of distribution = 0.12 L/kg; excretion = urine (70%).
11710:
11670:
11478:
8966:
6866:
4965:
928:-containing gel (The labeling for topical diclofenac has been updated to warn about drug-induced hepatotoxicity.);
31:
4289:
Comes in hydrochloride salt form; soluble in water, ethanol and dichloromethane; degrades upon contact with light.
3682:
salt forms; freely soluble in water and practically insoluble in organic solvents; degrades upon contact with air.
2528:. Systemic (now seldom used due to adverse effects): ankylosing spondylitis; rheumatoid arthritis; osteoarthritis.
12485:
11941:
11831:
3402:
Partial agonist at the mu opioid receptor; agonist at delta opioid receptor; antagonist at kappa opioid receptor.
2044:
Bioavailability = 100% (oral); protein binding = 90%; hepatic metabolism; excretion = urine (60%), faeces (33%).
11517:
5153:
3479:
Extensively metabolised to morphine with 6-acetylmorphine as a possible intermediate. Mostly excreted in urine.
2633:
Protein binding = 99%; extensively hepatically metabolised; half-life = 36–45 hours; excretion = urine, faeces.
9849:"Tylenol, Tylenol Infants' Drops (acetaminophen) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
11637:
6079:
Patel R, Dickenson AH (October 2021). "Neuropharmacological basis for multimodal analgesia in chronic pain".
4642:
Comes in free and enacarbil salt forms; fairly insoluble in ethanol, dichoromethane, fairly soluble in water.
4626:
4434:
Protein binding = 70%; hydrolysed by blood and tissue esterases; half-life = 20 min; excretion = urine (95%).
4375:
Protein binding = 90%; volume of distribution = small; half-life = 1–2 hours; hepatic metabolism, mostly via
2417:
905:
900:
are prescribed for neuropathic pain, and phenibut is available without prescription. Gabapentinoids work as α
7446:
Sarzi-Puttini P, Atzeni F, Lanata L, Bagnasco M, Colombo M, Fischer F, D'Imporzano M (July–September 2010).
3789:
Protein binding = 40%; extensive first-pass metabolism; half-life = 12–16 hours, 30 hours (repeated dosing).
2129:
salt form. Practically insoluble in water; freely soluble in most other solvents. Propionic acid derivative.
12184:
11966:
11603:
10933:
10576:
9631:
8936:
8906:
4955:
4913:
4793:
4069:
Comes in hydrochloride salt form; practically insoluble in water and ether, soluble in acetone and ethanol.
2961:
Protein binding > 99%; volume of distribution = 0.1–0.2 L/kg; hepatic metabolism; half-life = 2–4 hours.
2387:
Protein binding = 99%; hepatically metabolised; half-life = 24 hours; excretion = urine (80%), faeces (9%).
1249:
680:
used to treat disease or improve symptoms. There is evidence suggesting that cannabis can be used to treat
220:, recent research has suggested that classes of drugs that are not normally considered analgesics, such as
9848:
8843:
2964:
Ankylosing spondylitis; osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis; fibrosis; capsulitis; soft-tissue disorders.
1051:
Protein binding > 99%; half-life = 4 hours; metabolised to diclofenac (minor); excretion = urine (67%).
12795:
9734:
Devulder J (October 2010). "Flupirtine in pain management: pharmacological properties and clinical use".
8996:
7618:"Perioperative single dose ketorolac to prevent postoperative pain: a meta-analysis of randomized trials"
7360:
Kokki H (October 2010). "Ketoprofen pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and tolerability in pediatric patients".
3482:
Severe pain (including labour pain); cough due to terminal lung cancer; angina; left ventricular failure.
2554:
Protein binding < 10%; half-life = 12 hours; hepatic metabolised; excretion = urine (primary), faeces.
1900:
612:
42:
9777:
9661:
6867:"Zorprin, Bayer Buffered Aspirin (aspirin) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
6243:
Cameron M, Gagnier JJ, Chrubasik S (February 2011). "Herbal therapy for treating rheumatoid arthritis".
4529:
Neuropathic pain; nocturnal enuresis; major depression; migraine prophylaxis; urinary urge incontinence.
4405:
Bioavailability = 50% (buccal), 89% (intranasal); protein binding = 80%; hepatic metabolism, mostly via
520:
is a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) with weak μ-opioid receptor agonist properties.
213:
are neurophysiologically overlapping and thus various drugs have both analgesic and anesthetic effects.
12445:
11934:
11900:
10596:
9321:
9248:
7962:
7886:
Skjodt NM, Davies NM (June 1998). "Clinical pharmacokinetics of lornoxicam. A short half-life oxicam".
7796:"Ketorolac therapy for the prevention of acute pseudophakic cystoid macular edema: a systematic review"
6492:"Do the potential benefits outweigh the risks? An update on the use of ziconotide in clinical practice"
3368:
3061:
Protein binding > 99%; volume of distribution = 7–10 L; half-life = 1 hour; excretion = urine (90%).
3027:
Comes as free acid; practically insoluble in water; degrades upon contact with light; anthranilic acid.
2125:
Comes in free acid, lysine salt, sodium salt and hydrochloride salt forms; the dex-enantiomer comes in
17:
10016:
9924:
7038:
6321:"Nefopam analgesia and its role in multimodal analgesia: A review of preclinical and clinical studies"
5978:
5895:
3954:
Comes in hydrochloride salt form; freely soluble in water, soluble in ethanol and fairly insoluble in
3822:
Protein binding = not significant; hepatic metabolism; half-life = 5 hours; excretion = urine, faeces.
137:
8035:
3036:
Protein binding = 99%; half-life = 2 hours; hepatically metabolised; excretion = urine (90%), faeces.
537:
221:
8937:"Dilaudid, Dilaudid HP (hydromorphone) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
7123:
4991:
Dworkin RH, Backonja M, Rowbotham MC, Allen RR, Argoff CR, Bennett GJ, et al. (November 2003).
2487:
Comes in potassium and free acid forms; degrades upon contact with light. Propionic acid derivative.
11869:
11311:
11272:
10062:
6623:
Eardley I, Whelan P, Kirby R, Schaeffer A. "Drugs Used In The
Treatment Of Interstitial Cystitis".
6122:
Mehlisch DR (July 2002). "The efficacy of combination analgesic therapy in relieving dental pain".
4053:
Protein binding = 80%; hepatic metabolism; half-life = 6–12 hours, 30–36 hours (active metabolite).
2423:
As per diclofenac. less prone to causing thrombotic events compared to other non-selective NSAIDs.
1994:
1712:
Comes as free acid; fairly insoluble in most solvents (including water); propionic acid derivative.
7573:
Sinha VR, Kumar RV, Singh G (September 2009). "Ketorolac tromethamine formulations: an overview".
7080:. Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients and Related Methodology. Vol. 37. pp. 113–81.
5977:
Whiting PF, Wolff RF, Deshpande S, Di Nisio M, Duffy S, Hernandez AV, et al. (23 June 2015).
3129:
Rheumatoid arthritis; osteoarthritis; ankylosing spondylitis; pain due to dysmenorrhoea or injury.
1949:
Comes in lysine salt and free acid forms; practically insoluble in water, but soluble in ethanol,
12500:
12178:
12029:
11466:
11182:
10586:
10242:
10010:
4124:
Comes in hydrochloride salt form; soluble in water and alcohol; degrades upon contact with light.
1580:
salt forms; practically insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol; degrades upon contact with light.
1262:
Comes in free form; fairly insoluble in water and chloroform, soluble in ethanol; phenylbutazone.
532:
and delivers analgesia by not only delivering "opioid-like" effects (through mild agonism of the
67:
9102:
9026:
8967:"Roxicodone, OxyContin (oxycodone) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
8844:"Buprenex, Subutex (buprenorphine) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
8290:
Davies NM (November 1996). "Clinical pharmacokinetics of tiaprofenic acid and its enantiomers".
6537:
Hewitt DJ (June 2000). "The use of NMDA-receptor antagonists in the treatment of chronic pain".
4158:
Bioavailability = 8.69% (oral); protein binding = 27.1%; half-life = 2 hours; excretion = urine.
12537:
12292:
11230:
10186:
9375:
9132:
7008:
6928:"Single dose oral dexibuprofen [S(+)-ibuprofen] for acute postoperative pain in adults"
4916:
4415:
As with other opioids, with less nausea, vomiting, constipation and itching and more sedation.
3251:
Comes in free and betadex form; practically insoluble in water and ethanol, soluble in acetone.
2636:
Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and sports injuries (topical use).
2589:
Haematologic toxicity (including agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia) and AEs typical of NSAIDs.
2059:
1746:
Bioavailability = ?; protein binding = 99%; hepatic metabolism; excretion = urine, faeces.
781:
9322:"Demerol, Pethidine (meperidine) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
8184:
5179:
3226:
Comes in free form; fairly insoluble in water and in most organic solvents; oxicam derivative.
2165:
salt form; highly soluble in water. Degrades in the presence of light. Acetic acid derivative.
12222:
12158:
12003:
11915:
11803:
11632:
10989:
10683:
10601:
10591:
10303:
10246:
4152:
Mixed opioid agonist-antagonist, partial agonist at mu-1 receptor; cholinergic actions exist.
3809:
2749:
Fairly insoluble in water and chloroform; soluble in most other organic solvents; salicylate.
2000:
As per diclofenac, except with lower risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and hypertension.
1530:
1239:
408:
236:
8997:"Opana, Opana ER (oxymorphone) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
4536:, sexual dysfunction, tremor, dizziness, sweating, agitation, insomnia, anxiety, confusion.
4526:; active metabolite, nortriptyline; half-life = 9–27 hours; excretion = urine (18%), faeces.
948:
may be injected into joints for longer-term pain relief. Lidocaine is also used for painful
556:
Dosing of all opioids may be limited by opioid toxicity (confusion, respiratory depression,
12297:
12277:
12146:
11826:
11200:
11161:
10994:
10984:
10979:
10806:
10611:
10527:
10169:
4335:
Bioavailability = 70–75% (oral), 100% (IM); protein binding = 20%; hepatic metabolism, via
2239:
2141:
2047:
2005:
1986:
1904:
1846:
Extensively metabolised by the liver; half-life = 8 hours; excretion = urinary and biliary.
1617:
1515:
1336:
Osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis; soft-tissue rheumatism; mild-moderate pain and fever.
1235:
1161:
648:
453:
9392:
Latta KS, Ginsberg B, Barkin RL (January–February 2002). "Meperidine: a critical review".
9103:"Levo Dromoran (levorphanol) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
6732:
6491:
6166:
4840:
Bioavailability = 90%; half-life = 6.3 hours; hepatic metabolism; excretion = urine (90%).
3460:
Constipation, dependence, sedation, itching, nausea, vomiting and respiratory depression.
3206:
Bioavailability = 74%; protein binding > 98%; extensive hepatic metabolism, mostly via
3154:
Rheumatoid arthritis, including juvenile idiopathic arthritis; osteoarthritis; acute pain.
8:
12987:
12906:
12642:
12428:
12207:
12034:
10949:
10581:
10410:
10311:
10250:
10137:
10126:
10055:
9476:
Mather LE, Meffin PJ (September–October 1978). "Clinical pharmacokinetics of pethidine".
6270:"Chinese herbal medicine for chronic neck pain due to cervical degenerative disc disease"
6192:
Oltean H, Robbins C, van Tulder MW, Berman BM, Bombardier C, Gagnier JJ (December 2014).
4322:
3813:
1045:
430:
194:
957:
such as lidocaine, tetracaine, benzocaine, and prilocaine in a cream, ointment, or gel.
12940:
12805:
12664:
12118:
11580:
11510:
11387:
10954:
10852:
10523:
10381:
10315:
10031:
9980:
9955:
9903:
9759:
9716:
9613:
9570:
9501:
9458:
9453:
9436:
9417:
9303:
9291:
9230:
9187:
9084:
8907:"Zohydro ER (hydrocodone) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
8825:
8782:
8739:
8663:
8620:
8573:
8530:
8487:
8444:
8401:
8358:
8315:
8272:
8166:
8090:
8017:
7911:
7868:
7820:
7795:
7776:
7733:
7690:
7647:
7598:
7555:
7428:
7385:
7250:
7225:
7206:
7162:
7111:
7085:
6952:
6927:
6839:
6699:
6674:
6605:
6562:
6519:
6472:
6429:
6386:
6294:
6269:
6231:
6218:
6193:
6104:
6061:
5959:
5872:
5847:
5823:
5798:
5774:
5749:
5725:
5642:
5507:
5498:
5482:
5463:
5415:
5390:
5364:
5227:
5210:
5033:
4716:
4039:
3999:
3323:
Bioavailability = 93%; protein binding = 87%; hepatic metabolism; half-life = 17 hours.
1684:
1304:
797:
7665:
Garnock-Jones KP (June 2012). "Intranasal ketorolac: for short-term pain management".
7226:"Evidence-based use of indomethacin and ibuprofen in the neonatal intensive care unit"
5584:
5336:
2861:
Rheumatoid arthritis; osteoarthritis; gout; ankylosing spondylitis; inflammatory pain.
12946:
12901:
12684:
12674:
12577:
12407:
12363:
12347:
12151:
12141:
12084:
12074:
11905:
11885:
11778:
11171:
11026:
11014:
10901:
10307:
9985:
9895:
9891:
9878:
McKeage K, Keam SJ (2009). "Pregabalin: in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia".
9830:
9751:
9747:
9708:
9605:
9574:
9562:
9558:
9493:
9489:
9409:
9405:
9367:
9295:
9222:
9218:
9191:
9179:
9175:
9076:
8829:
8817:
8813:
8786:
8774:
8743:
8731:
8727:
8655:
8651:
8612:
8565:
8561:
8522:
8518:
8491:
8479:
8475:
8448:
8436:
8432:
8393:
8389:
8350:
8346:
8307:
8303:
8276:
8264:
8260:
8170:
8158:
8154:
8094:
8082:
8078:
8021:
8009:
8005:
7903:
7899:
7872:
7860:
7856:
7825:
7768:
7725:
7682:
7678:
7639:
7590:
7547:
7543:
7479:
7420:
7389:
7377:
7373:
7342:
7315:
7255:
7198:
7166:
7154:
7150:
7099:
7089:
7072:
6957:
6846:
6812:
6770:
6704:
6597:
6554:
6550:
6511:
6464:
6421:
6378:
6342:
6299:
6256:
6223:
6139:
6108:
6096:
6053:
6011:
5951:
5877:
5828:
5779:
5717:
5634:
5620:
5588:
5553:
5512:
5455:
5420:
5356:
5291:
5251:
5232:
5185:
5175:
5143:
5113:
5014:
4581:
Protein binding > 90%; volume of distribution = 3.4 L/kg; hepatic metabolism, via
4533:
4093:
2819:
2264:
1523:
1176:
240:
9907:
9778:"Savella (milnacipran) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
9763:
9720:
9662:"Cymbalta (duloxetine) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
9617:
9505:
9462:
9421:
9307:
9234:
9088:
8624:
8577:
8534:
8405:
8362:
8319:
7915:
7780:
7737:
7694:
7651:
7602:
7559:
7432:
7210:
6609:
6566:
6476:
6433:
6390:
6135:
5729:
5646:
5467:
5368:
4993:"Advances in neuropathic pain: diagnosis, mechanisms, and treatment recommendations"
3289:
Plasma binding = 98%; volume of distribution = 55 L; hepatic metabolism, mostly via
1974:
Bioavailability = 80–100%; protein binding = 90–99%; hepatic metabolism, mostly via
151:
12982:
12977:
12911:
12734:
12659:
12647:
12572:
12438:
12317:
12106:
11743:
11593:
11248:
10722:
9975:
9967:
9887:
9820:
9743:
9700:
9632:"Marinol (dronabinol) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
9597:
9554:
9485:
9448:
9401:
9287:
9249:"Talwin (pentazocine) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
9214:
9171:
9068:
9027:"Stadol (butorphanol) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
8809:
8766:
8723:
8667:
8647:
8604:
8557:
8514:
8471:
8428:
8385:
8342:
8299:
8256:
8150:
8074:
8001:
7963:"Relafen (nabumetone) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
7895:
7852:
7815:
7807:
7760:
7717:
7674:
7629:
7582:
7539:
7469:
7459:
7412:
7369:
7245:
7237:
7190:
7146:
7081:
6947:
6943:
6939:
6694:
6690:
6686:
6589:
6546:
6523:
6503:
6456:
6413:
6370:
6332:
6289:
6285:
6281:
6252:
6248:
6235:
6213:
6209:
6205:
6131:
6088:
6065:
6045:
6003:
5993:
5963:
5941:
5867:
5859:
5818:
5810:
5769:
5761:
5709:
5624:
5616:
5580:
5543:
5502:
5494:
5447:
5410:
5402:
5348:
5303:
5263:
5222:
5004:
4945:
3916:
3429:
2947:
856:
660:
641:
350:
217:
131:
123:
12378:
9925:"Prialt (ziconotide) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
9809:"Nefopam for the prevention of postoperative pain: quantitative systematic review"
9133:"Nubain (nalbuphine) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
7039:"Nalfon (fenoprofen) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
6638:
Voltaren Gel (diclofenac sodium topical gel) 1% – Hepatic
Effects Labeling Changes
6593:
6092:
5130:
4896:
CNS toxicity (abnormal gait, abnormal vision, memory problems, etc.); GI effects.
4211:; half-life = 5–130 hours (mean: 20–35 hours); excretion = urine (20–50%), faeces.
12951:
12896:
12765:
12760:
12599:
12532:
12527:
12413:
12359:
12200:
12091:
12044:
11846:
11813:
11798:
11432:
11351:
11333:
11146:
10911:
10896:
10837:
10220:
10121:
8036:"Daypro (oxaprozin) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
7721:
7634:
7617:
6661:
6644:
5863:
5713:
4950:
3955:
3510:
3022:
2507:
1958:
1857:
1658:
Liquid; practically insoluble in water, miscible with ethyl acetate and methanol.
1231:
846:
770:
762:
709:
705:
673:
605:
513:
505:
494:
434:
420:
248:
198:
10086:
10082:
7464:
7447:
6460:
5308:
5268:
5009:
4992:
4558:
Refractory chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting; anorexia; neuropathic pain.
688:, with some trials indicating improved relief of neuropathic pain over opioids.
341:
Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen or APAP, is a medication used to treat
12930:
12830:
12825:
12679:
12669:
12619:
12604:
12594:
12495:
12490:
12480:
12418:
12390:
12342:
12337:
12069:
12024:
12020:
11890:
11793:
11660:
11472:
11427:
11190:
11070:
11045:
10921:
10906:
10376:
10256:
10207:
10174:
9520:"Dipipanone 10mg + Cyclizine 30mg Tablets – Summary of Product Characteristics"
8608:
5814:
4960:
4940:
4014:
3650:
3490:
2874:
Practically insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol and acetone; phenylbutazone.
2569:
2294:
2178:
2145:
2051:
1990:
1908:
1529:
As per aspirin, except without Reye syndrome and with the following additions:
1519:
1165:
1119:
945:
909:
883:
823:
426:
268:
225:
9704:
9072:
8770:
7586:
7241:
6417:
6049:
5765:
5406:
4279:
As per other opioids; less likely to cause nausea, vomiting and constipation.
2824:
Freely soluble in water; degrades upon contact with air and light; salicylate.
1541:. More prone to causing these AEs compared to the other non-selective NSAIDs.
908:, and tend to have other mechanisms of action as well. Gabapentinoids are all
765:
properties. It was used in Europe for moderate to strong pain, as well as its
12972:
12966:
12862:
12835:
12694:
12512:
12423:
12403:
12399:
12262:
12190:
12079:
11994:
11788:
11753:
11705:
11665:
11503:
11361:
11356:
11346:
11276:
11238:
10696:
10471:
10401:
10261:
10230:
10179:
10026:
5451:
5352:
4890:
Protein binding = 50%; half-life = 2.9–6.5 hours; excretion = urine (<1%).
4772:
Multiple; inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS, an active metabolite,
4504:
4261:
Bioavailability = 32%; protein binding = 20%; hepatic metabolism, mostly via
4119:
3898:
Kappa opioid receptor agonist; mu opioid receptor antagonist/partial agonist.
3679:
3594:
3580:
3532:
3524:
Moderate-severe pain; usually in combination with paracetamol and/or aspirin.
3394:
3361:
3349:
Bioavailability = 83%; protein binding = 98%; hepatic metabolism, mostly via
2644:
2453:
1245:
933:
890:
886:
803:
785:
713:
685:
509:
362:
324:
244:
105:
72:
6337:
6320:
1687:
salt forms; practically insoluble in water and ethanol, soluble in methanol.
1522:; inflammatory pain (e.g. period pain); local pain/inflammation (as a gel);
379:
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (usually abbreviated to NSAIDs), are a
12820:
12739:
12475:
12433:
12267:
12257:
12173:
12168:
11700:
11685:
11680:
11366:
11341:
11099:
11004:
10888:
10675:
10663:
10653:
10628:
10496:
10486:
10416:
10291:
10286:
10197:
10020:, vol. 2 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 90
9989:
9899:
9834:
9755:
9712:
9609:
9413:
9371:
9080:
8821:
8778:
8735:
8659:
8616:
8569:
8397:
7829:
7772:
7729:
7686:
7643:
7594:
7551:
7483:
7424:
7381:
7346:
7319:
7259:
7202:
7158:
7103:
7009:"(diflunisal) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
6961:
6708:
6558:
6515:
6468:
6425:
6382:
6346:
6303:
6260:
6227:
6143:
6100:
6057:
6015:
5998:
5955:
5881:
5832:
5783:
5721:
5700:
Bannister K (June 2015). "Opioid-induced hyperalgesia: where are we now?".
5638:
5548:
5531:
5459:
5424:
5360:
5236:
5018:
4851:
4749:
Protein binding = 73%; half-life = 4 hours; excretion = urine, faeces (8%).
4733:
4679:
4622:
4420:
3949:
3644:
2744:
2594:
2558:
2525:
2465:
2348:
1919:
1882:
1832:
1538:
1469:
1257:
872:
830:
819:
815:
681:
677:
616:
585:
392:
10047:
9601:
9588:
Lugo RA, Satterfield KL, Kern SE (2005). "Pharmacokinetics of methadone".
9566:
9299:
9226:
9183:
8526:
8483:
8440:
8311:
8268:
8185:"(salsalate) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
8162:
8086:
8013:
7907:
7864:
6601:
6374:
5592:
5557:
5516:
2564:
Nephrotoxicity and haematologic toxicity and other AEs typical of NSAIDs.
826:
to increase the pain-killing ability of a given dose of opioid analgesic.
12704:
12614:
12354:
12307:
12252:
12135:
12101:
11910:
11836:
11821:
11783:
11738:
11695:
11690:
11588:
11562:
11412:
11392:
11301:
11210:
11141:
11133:
11094:
11019:
10969:
10964:
10863:
10799:
10727:
10571:
10556:
10547:
10481:
10466:
10461:
10451:
10446:
10441:
10391:
10371:
10366:
10361:
10330:
10325:
10281:
10266:
10235:
10214:
10192:
9825:
9808:
9497:
8354:
7811:
6897:"Seractil 300mg Film-Coated Tablets – Summary of Product Characteristics"
6811:(2013 ed.). Adelaide: The Australian Medicines Handbook Unit Trust.
4928:
4924:
4764:
4696:
4662:
4532:
Sedation, anticholinergic effects, weight gain, orthostatic hypotension,
4479:
4293:
4222:
4162:
3924:
3890:
3771:
3746:
3714:
3700:
3557:
3465:
3450:
3191:
3168:
3110:
2694:
2586:
Ankylosing spondylitis; acute gout; osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis.
2283:
2282:
Osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis; mild-moderate pain; dysmenorrhoea;
2030:
1653:
1628:
1344:
1288:
1144:
1080:
1068:
1030:
876:
811:
697:
533:
525:
490:
388:
354:
336:
10009:
9971:
9691:
Szelenyi I (March 2013). "Flupirtine, a re-discovered drug, revisited".
8505:
Brocks DR, Jamali F (April 1994). "Etodolac clinical pharmacokinetics".
6007:
5629:
5132:
4019:
Comes in tartrate salt and free forms; soluble in water (tartrate salt).
316:
Analgesics are typically classified based on their mechanism of action.
75:
such as this one provide ingredients for the class of analgesics called
12882:
12853:
12811:
12780:
12775:
12714:
12709:
12699:
12637:
12623:
12563:
12518:
12466:
12386:
12382:
12323:
12283:
12238:
12234:
12124:
12060:
12010:
11975:
11971:
11859:
11773:
11611:
11547:
11442:
11437:
11382:
11319:
11262:
11243:
11220:
11215:
11205:
11195:
11156:
11119:
11114:
11109:
11060:
11055:
11037:
10974:
10959:
10944:
10878:
10858:
10789:
10779:
10748:
10702:
10689:
10658:
10623:
10506:
10501:
10476:
10426:
10421:
10396:
10351:
10276:
7764:
7474:
7306:
Coaccioli S (August 2011). "Ketoprofen 2.5% gel: a clinical overview".
4876:
4826:
4801:
4777:
4700:
4690:
4637:
4606:
4600:
4567:
4541:
4445:
4361:
4247:
4144:
4064:
3865:
3800:
3571:
Protein binding = 19%; extensively hepatically metabolised, mostly via
3334:
3264:
3246:
3162:
2869:
2669:
2373:
2214:
2189:
2162:
2126:
2120:
1962:
1732:
1571:
1498:
1319:
1062:
1039:
949:
941:
925:
897:
893:
842:
838:
834:
807:
777:
758:
573:
545:
457:
446:
380:
210:
202:
58:
7416:
7194:
5946:
5929:
4459:
Protein binding = 90%; half-life = 2.5 hours; excretion = urine (80%).
349:. It is typically used for mild to moderate pain. In combination with
165:
12790:
12770:
12744:
12719:
12654:
12460:
12373:
12247:
11895:
11864:
11854:
11748:
11675:
11655:
11647:
11619:
11570:
11557:
11447:
11407:
11402:
11256:
11104:
11065:
11009:
10939:
10873:
10868:
10845:
10827:
10812:
10784:
10763:
10758:
10753:
10712:
10668:
10456:
10431:
10296:
10225:
10153:
10041:, vol. 2 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 79
6507:
5979:"Cannabinoids for Medical Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"
5530:
Bamigbade TA, Davidson C, Langford RM, Stamford JA (September 1997).
5328:
4412:
Moderate-severe pain (including labour pain); adjunct to anaesthesia.
4173:
4076:
3978:
3910:
As per codeine. Respiratory effects are subject to a ceiling effect.
3828:
As per codeine. Respiratory depression is subject to ceiling effect.
3673:
3454:
3414:
As per codeine, respiratory effects are subject to a ceiling effect.
3308:
3275:
3221:
3104:
3072:
2936:
2894:
2794:
2619:
2536:
2482:
2428:
2323:
2156:
1944:
1807:
1757:
1600:
1475:
1394:
1369:
953:
937:
929:
921:
868:
720:
620:
593:
577:
557:
498:
486:
442:
438:
400:
301:
252:
117:
6979:"Cardiovascular safety of Cox-2 inhibitors and non-selective NSAIDs"
4912:
Some novel and investigational analgesics include subtype-selective
3967:
Bioavailability = 34% (oral), 44% (rectal); half-life = 2–3.5 hours.
12891:
12755:
12751:
12724:
12163:
12096:
12015:
11552:
11417:
11296:
11291:
11151:
11050:
10822:
10817:
10794:
10743:
10717:
10707:
10516:
10511:
10491:
10406:
10386:
10335:
10148:
10133:
9353:"Should New Zealand continue signing up to the Pethidine Protocol?"
8592:
7402:
5337:"Prophylactic use of NSAIDs by athletes: a risk/benefit assessment"
4920:
4402:
Buccal, epidermal, IM, IV, intrathecal, intranasal, SC, sublingual.
4390:
4313:
4284:
3840:
3619:
3443:
3137:
3047:
2844:
2398:
2095:
1954:
1707:
1678:
1577:
1551:
Freely soluble in water; degrades upon contact with light and iron.
1444:
1308:
1282:
1182:
864:
850:
766:
724:
597:
589:
581:
569:
561:
521:
517:
502:
474:
404:
358:
8547:
7223:
6446:
5799:"Alcohol related changes in regulation of NMDA receptor functions"
3754:
Kappa opioid receptor agonist; mu opioid receptor partial agonist.
1862:
Comes in free acid form and aluminium salt form; anthranilic acid.
12867:
12785:
12450:
12217:
12039:
11989:
11624:
11422:
11397:
11267:
11252:
10999:
10929:
10561:
10533:
10356:
10271:
10116:
7530:
McCormack PL (July 2011). "Ketorolac 0.45% ophthalmic solution".
7445:
7224:
Johnston PG, Gillam-Krakauer M, Fuller MP, Reese J (March 2012).
6673:
Derry S, Moore RA, Gaskell H, McIntyre M, Wiffen PJ (June 2015).
5529:
4753:
4727:
4632:
Drowsiness, dizziness, heartburn, dry mouth, fatigue and nausea.
4592:
Major depression; generalised anxiety disorder; neuropathic pain.
4519:
4266:
4200:
3419:
3378:
2611:
Musculoskeletal, joint, peri-articular and soft-tissue disorders.
1979:
1950:
1936:
Musculoskeletal, joint, peri-articular and soft-tissue disorders.
1205:
1094:
752:
741:
701:
632:
529:
482:
433:) enzyme, with the analgesic effects being mediated by the COX2 (
396:
305:
76:
8593:"Lumiracoxib in the management of osteoarthritis and acute pain"
6449:
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological
Psychiatry
5750:"Interrelations between pain and alcohol: An integrative review"
3505:
Bioavailability = 20%; extensive hepatic metabolism, partly via
2312:; half-life = 2 hours; excretion = urine (66%), faeces (20–25%).
1287:
Comes in free acid and lysine salt forms. Chemically related to
769:-treating and muscle-relaxant properties. It has no significant
12549:
12212:
10202:
10104:
10095:
6186:
6184:
4586:
4582:
4523:
4406:
4376:
4340:
4336:
4270:
4262:
4208:
4204:
4196:
4192:
4188:
3696:
3692:
3576:
3572:
3514:
3506:
3439:
3354:
3350:
3294:
3290:
3210:; half-life = 3–6 hours; excretion = Urine (50%), faeces (50%).
3207:
3123:
2309:
1975:
1534:
728:
565:
478:
469:
10030:
6767:
5928:
Borgelt LM, Franson KL, Nussbaum AM, Wang GS (February 2013).
4589:; half-life = 12 hours; excretion = urine (70%), faeces (20%).
3998:
As per other opioids; and seizures, anxiety, mood changes and
3854:
Volume of distribution = 9–12 L/kg; half-life = 2.2–2.7 hours.
3039:
Migraine; osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis; dysmenorrhoea.
2416:
Rheumatoid arthritis; osteoarthritis; ankylosing spondylitis;
2100:
Comes in free and sodium salt form; phenylbutazone derivative.
1361:
Musculoskeletal disorders; soft-tissue disorders; sore throat.
829:
Adjuvant analgesics, also called atypical analgesics, include
12849:
12559:
12054:
10436:
10143:
10108:
9059:
Prommer E (March 2007). "Levorphanol: the forgotten opioid".
7750:
7448:"Pain and ketoprofen: what is its role in clinical practice?"
6191:
5976:
4990:
4856:
Freely soluble in water; degrades upon contact with moisture.
4792:
Hepatotoxicity; hypersensitivity reactions (rare), including
4773:
2808:
Hepatic metabolism; half-life = 7–8 hours; excretion = urine.
2769:
2244:
Comes in free form; soluble in water and ethanol; salicylate.
2135:
PO, rectal, topical, transdermal, intravenous, intramuscular.
1965:. Degrades in the presence of air. Propionic acid derivative.
1914:
As per bromfenac (ophthalmologic) and diclofenac (PO/IM/IV).
1812:
Comes in free acid and piperazine salt forms. Phenylbutazone.
1218:
1214:
346:
295:
285:
275:
216:
Analgesic choice is also determined by the type of pain: For
206:
205:, which temporarily reduce, and in some instances eliminate,
145:
9954:
Yekkirala AS, Roberson DP, Bean BP, Woolf CJ (August 2017).
9277:
7332:
6579:
6359:
6181:
5930:"The pharmacologic and clinical effects of medical cannabis"
5208:
1762:
Comes in free form and calcium salt; acetic acid derivative.
12553:
11526:
7793:
5131:
4409:; half-life = 219 min; excretion = urine (primary), faeces.
2090:
As per bufexamac (topical use) and diclofenac (PO/rectal).
2055:
2025:
As per bufexamac (topical use) and diclofenac (PO/rectal).
1827:
As per bufexamac (topical use) and diclofenac (PO/rectal).
860:
696:
Analgesics are frequently used in combination, such as the
600:-containing or co-danthramer) are typically co-prescribed.
384:
357:
and after surgery. It is typically used either by mouth or
342:
93:
9953:
8800:
Ormrod D, Wellington K, Wagstaff AJ (2002). "Valdecoxib".
6903:. Genus Pharmaceuticals. 30 September 2005. Archived from
5927:
5437:
4821:
Haematologic, nephrotoxicity, cancer and paracetamol AEs.
4732:
Comes in a hydrochloride salt form. Chemically related to
4102:
As above plus nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist.
3986:
Mu opioid receptor agonist with some serotonergic effects.
3731:
Postoperative analgesia/anaesthesia; moderate-severe pain.
3405:
Sublingual, transdermal, IM, IV, intranasal, epidural, SC.
2308:
Protein binding extensive; hepatic metabolism, mostly via
2181:; prevention of acute pseudophakic cystoid macular oedema.
319:
6836:
6675:"Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults"
6672:
4114:
As per other opioids, plus ventricular rhythm disorders.
3367:
As above and also potentially fatal skin reactions (e.g.
2911:
Osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis; soft tissue injury.
1086:
Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and lower back pain.
11721:
congenital insensitivity to pain with partial anhidrosis
8799:
7794:
Yilmaz T, Cordero-Coma M, Gallagher MJ (February 2012).
7615:
7335:
European Review for
Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
7308:
European Review for
Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
6035:
5211:"Evidence on the use of paracetamol in febrile children"
4901:
Where † indicates products that are no longer marketed.
4088:
Less sedating than morphine, otherwise as per morphine.
2724:
Comes in sodium and diethylamine salt forms; salicylate.
2474:
Musculoskeletal, joint and mouth inflammatory disorders.
2171:
PO, IM, IV, intranasal, tromethamine and ophthalmologic.
1982:-mediated oxidation; excretion = Urine (50–60%), faeces.
11495:
9956:"Breaking barriers to novel analgesic drug development"
8332:
8140:
7930:"PRODUCT INFORMATION PONSTAN CAPSULES (mefenamic acid)"
6622:
6325:
Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology
6242:
4273:; excretion = urine (70%), faeces; half-life = 4 hours.
788:
for the relief of severe, usually cancer-related pain.
584:(itching) may require switching to a different opioid.
353:, paracetamol is now used for more severe pain such as
30:
For the medical condition of hereditary analgesia, see
7842:
7616:
De Oliveira GS, Agarwal D, Benzon HT (February 2012).
7070:
6764:
3825:
Pain; anaesthesia supplement; opioid-induced pruritus.
3122:
Protein binding = 97%; hepatic metabolism, mostly via
2799:
Degrades upon contact with air; salicylate derivative.
1490:
Osteoarthritis; mild-moderate pain and menstrual pain.
1374:
Comes in free acid form; phenylacetic acid derivative.
460:
events similar to that of non-coxib NSAID diclofenac.
11959:
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
9806:
9590:
Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy
7498:"NAME OF THE MEDICINE TORADOL (ketorolac trometamol)"
7179:
6769:(12th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Professional.
5605:
5116:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
4546:
Comes in free form; degrades upon contact with light.
4217:
As per other opioids, plus QT interval prolongation.
2219:
Comes in sodium salt form. Propionic acid derivative.
1837:
Comes in free acid form; anthranilic acid derivative.
395:. The most prominent members of this group of drugs,
8682:"PRODUCT INFORMATION DYNASTAT parecoxib (as sodium)"
6318:
5209:
Russell FM, Shann F, Curtis N, Mulholland K (2003).
5140:
Guideline 106: Control of pain in adults with cancer
4741:
serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor
1424:
Comes in calcium salt form; fairly soluble in water.
9807:Evans MS, Lysakowski C, Tramèr MR (November 2008).
9587:
9391:
9204:
5662:"Replacing Opioids: Developing drugs to treat pain"
2649:
Comes in maleate salt form; indometacin derivative.
1427:
Is metabolised to aspirin and urea. As per aspirin.
1274:
Rheumatoid arthritis; gout; ankylosing spondylitis.
243:owing to the substantial risks and high chances of
9437:"Strategy to Eliminate Pethidine Use in Hospitals"
8590:
6838:
5292:"A review of ketorolac as a prehospital analgesic"
5252:"A review of ketorolac as a prehospital analgesic"
3357:; half-life = 8.11 hours; excretion = urine (90%).
2353:Comes in free acid form; niflumic acid derivative.
1721:Protein binding > 99%; half-life = 10–17 hours.
1171:Photosensitivity and other AEs typical of NSAIDs.
889:is used to treat neuropathic pain. Similarly, the
9280:Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum
8714:Scott LJ, Lamb HM (September 1999). "Rofecoxib".
6845:(65 ed.). London, UK: Pharmaceutical Press.
5743:
5741:
5739:
5702:Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care
4343:; half-life = 6 hours; excretion = urine, faeces.
3703:; half-life = 2–4 hours; excretion = urine (83%).
3446:; half-life = 3–4 hours; excretion = urine (86%).
3326:Acute pain; osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis.
2445:Inflammation and pain following cataract surgery.
1670:Musculoskeletal, joint and soft-tissue disorders.
1349:Comes in free acid form; freely soluble in water.
761:is a centrally acting K channel opener with weak
619:) and can even make non-painful stimuli painful (
12964:
11716:congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis
9434:
5570:
5243:
4759:Has antimuscarinic and sympathomimetic effects.
4462:Adjunct to anaesthesia and moderate-severe pain.
4255:Mu opioid and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.
2194:Hydrochloride salt form used; oxicam derivative.
2148:and superficial sporting injuries (topical use).
1787:Comes in free acid and hydrochloride salt forms.
973:
8757:Hillson JL, Furst DE (July 2000). "Rofecoxib".
7572:
7507:. ROCHE PRODUCTS PTY LIMITED. 3 February 2012.
6319:Girard P, Chauvin M, Verleye M (January 2016).
5747:
5480:
5384:
5382:
4161:Moderate-severe pain; perioperative analgesia;
3297:; half-life = 8 hours; excretion = urine (70%).
2839:Cardiac problems; otherwise As per diclofenac.
2315:Inflammatory pain and heavy menstrual bleeding.
536:) but also by acting as a weak but fast-acting
425:These drugs have been derived from NSAIDs. The
8461:
6925:
6078:
5736:
3521:; half-life = 3.5 –5 hours; excretion = urine.
3449:Mild-moderate pain, often in combination with
3263:Acute pain; dysmenorrhoea; sprains (topical);
2420:; inflammatory pain; heavy menstrual bleeding.
1749:Pain; rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
1699:Musculoskeletal pain and soft tissue injuries.
1230:Blood thinning; mild-to-moderate pain; fever;
588:occurs in almost all patients on opioids, and
330:
239:in most countries, whereas various others are
11942:
11511:
10063:
8691:. Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd. 6 February 2013.
7939:. Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd. 12 October 2012.
7664:
5064:
5052:
4605:Comes as maleate salt. Chemically related to
4321:Mu opioid (mostly via its active metabolite,
3428:Metabolised to morphine, which activates the
1414:Skin conditions, such as contact dermatitis.
1248:; nephrotoxicity; blood dyscrasias (rarely);
611:Opioid tolerance should not be confused with
38:"Painkiller" and similar terms redirect here.
11957:Major chemical drug groups – based upon the
9475:
8756:
8637:
8504:
8418:
8246:
7991:
7885:
7274:"Arthrexin Indomethacin PRODUCT INFORMATION"
7071:Abdel-Aziz AA, Al-Badr AA, Hafez GA (2012).
6403:
6267:
6115:
6072:
5599:
5379:
4108:Protein binding = 80%; half-life = 2.6 days.
3763:Moderate-severe pain, including labour pain.
201:. Analgesics are conceptually distinct from
10077:
9877:
8883:. Aspen Pharma Pty Ltd. 19 September 2006.
8224:. Alphapharm Pty Limited. 8 November 2011.
8064:
7283:. Alphapharm Pty Limited. 14 October 2011.
6932:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6679:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6274:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6245:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6198:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
5921:
5748:Zale EL, Maisto SA, Ditre JW (April 2015).
5564:
5523:
5474:
5142:. Scotland: National Health Service (NHS).
4984:
4715:Neuropathic pain and spasticity as part of
4252:Comes in free and hydrochloride salt forms.
3197:Comes in free form; acetic acid derivative.
1592:Pain; osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis.
1221:; hence inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.
11949:
11935:
11518:
11504:
10070:
10056:
9544:
9161:
9054:
9052:
6926:Derry S, Best J, Moore RA (October 2013).
6627:. John Wiley & Sons, 2008. p. 65.
6124:Journal of the American Dental Association
5174:
5170:
5168:
5166:
5108:
5106:
5104:
3805:Comes primarily as its hydrochloride salt.
66:
9979:
9824:
9452:
9441:Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research
8713:
8375:
7819:
7633:
7529:
7473:
7463:
7305:
7249:
7136:
6951:
6765:Brunton L, Chabner B, Knollman B (2010).
6733:"Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference"
6698:
6336:
6293:
6217:
5997:
5945:
5871:
5822:
5773:
5699:
5628:
5547:
5506:
5414:
5307:
5289:
5283:
5267:
5249:
5226:
5215:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
5008:
3583:; half-life = 8 hours; excretion = urine.
3438:Extensive hepatic metabolism, mostly via
1449:Comes in free acid and lysine salt forms.
572:(generally relieved by a short course of
9919:
9917:
9733:
9690:
7066:
7064:
6730:
6268:Cui X, Trinh K, Wang YJ (January 2010).
6121:
5970:
5388:
5084:"British National Formulary: Analgesics"
5034:"Online Etymology Dictionary: Analgesia"
4059:As per other opioids, plus ECG changes.
3476:IM, intrathecal, intranasal, PO, IV, SC.
3411:Opioid dependence, moderate-severe pain.
2062:; period pain; patent ductus arteriosus.
318:
9350:
9058:
9049:
7707:
6973:
6971:
6489:
6025:from the original on 21 September 2017.
5845:
5163:
5101:
4927:, as well as multimodal agents such as
4456:Epidural, IV, intrathecal, transdermal.
3364:; rheumatoid arthritis; osteoarthritis.
3280:Comes in sodium salt form; sulfonamide.
2433:Comes in free form; related to amfenac.
1355:Topical, PO, rectal, spray and vaginal.
735:
719:While the use of paracetamol, aspirin,
501:) all exert a similar influence on the
255:in the absence of medical supervision.
14:
12965:
12936:Pharmacological classification systems
12303:Selective estrogen receptor modulators
8591:Bannwarth B, Bérenbaum F (July 2007).
8289:
6832:
6830:
6828:
6802:
6800:
6798:
6796:
6794:
6792:
6790:
6788:
6786:
6588:(12 Suppl 8). NEUROLOGY, 2005: S66-8.
6536:
5684:
5481:Driessen B, Reimann W (January 1992).
5334:
5302:(12). London: MA Healthcare: 522–526.
5184:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 119.
5031:
4685:As per duloxetine, plus hypertension.
27:Drugs used to achieve relief from pain
12583:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
11930:
11499:
10051:
9914:
7359:
7061:
6806:
6760:
6758:
6756:
6754:
6726:
6724:
6722:
6720:
6718:
6150:
4752:Analgesia, especially postoperative;
4549:Cannabinoid receptor partial agonist.
4385:As per other opioids. Very sedating.
4227:Comes in free or tartrate salt forms.
3678:Comes in freebase, hydrochloride and
3238:Osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis.
3064:Osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis.
2836:Pain, fever and rheumatic conditions.
2811:Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis.
2499:Osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis.
2390:Osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis.
806:) and newer antidepressants (such as
782:N-type voltage-gated calcium channels
304:). Such drugs were usually known as "
228:may be considered as an alternative.
122:
8887:from the original on 15 October 2015
8695:from the original on 15 October 2015
8228:from the original on 15 October 2015
8122:from the original on 15 October 2015
8118:. Apotex Pty Ltd. 18 December 2013.
7943:from the original on 15 October 2015
7710:Current Medical Research and Opinion
7511:from the original on 15 October 2015
7287:from the original on 15 October 2015
6968:
6859:
5796:
4843:Neuropathic pain; anxiety; epilepsy.
3812:, partial agonist/antagonist at the
3630:IM, intrathecal, PO, IV, SC, rectal.
2886:Musculoskeletal and joint disorders.
2661:Musculoskeletal and joint disorders.
2087:Musculoskeletal and joint disorders.
1386:Postoperative pain and inflammation.
1136:Musculoskeletal and joint disorders.
1015:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
967:nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
12196:Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
6825:
6783:
6194:"Herbal medicine for low-back pain"
6156:
5672:from the original on 22 August 2017
2512:Comes in free form. Phenylbutazone.
1985:Pain; fever; inflammatory illness;
1563:Rheumatic and musculoskeletal pain.
414:
375:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
24:
10025:
10007:
9935:from the original on 13 April 2014
9859:from the original on 14 April 2014
9788:from the original on 13 April 2014
9672:from the original on 13 April 2014
9642:from the original on 13 April 2014
9454:10.1002/j.2055-2335.2008.tb00807.x
9292:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1982.tb01848.x
9259:from the original on 13 April 2014
9143:from the original on 13 April 2014
9113:from the original on 13 April 2014
9037:from the original on 13 April 2014
9007:from the original on 13 April 2014
8977:from the original on 13 April 2014
8947:from the original on 13 April 2014
8917:from the original on 13 April 2014
8854:from the original on 13 April 2014
8808:(14): 2059–71, discussion 2072–3.
8195:from the original on 13 April 2014
8046:from the original on 13 April 2014
7973:from the original on 13 April 2014
7405:Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
7086:10.1016/B978-0-12-397220-0.00004-0
7049:from the original on 13 April 2014
7019:from the original on 13 April 2014
6837:Joint Formulary Committee (2013).
6751:
6715:
6159:"Combination analgesics in adults"
5906:from the original on 17 April 2016
5499:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14226.x
5070:
5058:
5040:from the original on March 3, 2014
3627:Opioid receptor agonist (μ, δ, κ).
1874:Soft tissue inflammation and pain.
1452:Reversible COX-1/COX-2 inhibition.
1436:Used for thromboembolic disorders.
1402:Reversible COX-1/COX-2 inhibition.
980:Comparison of different analgesics
25:
12999:
11162:Tetrahydrocannabinol (dronabinol)
9435:MacPherson RD, Duguid MD (2008).
9332:from the original on 8 April 2014
8759:Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
8597:Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
6877:from the original on 7 April 2014
6406:Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
6038:Current Pain and Headache Reports
5659:
4099:Comes in hydrochloride salt form.
3183:Acute pain; gout; osteoarthritis.
1506:Reversible COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor.
1377:Reversible COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor.
716:drugs for people with allergies.
542:norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
391:, and, in higher doses, decrease
311:
231:Various analgesics, such as many
12945:
12925:
12924:
11711:Congenital insensitivity to pain
11671:Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder
9947:
9892:10.2165/11203750-000000000-00000
9871:
9841:
9800:
9770:
9748:10.2165/11536230-000000000-00000
9727:
9684:
9654:
9624:
9581:
9559:10.2165/00003495-198530040-00001
9538:
9522:. 22 August 2012. Archived from
9512:
9490:10.2165/00003088-197803050-00002
9469:
9428:
9406:10.1097/00045391-200201000-00010
9394:American Journal of Therapeutics
9385:
9344:
9314:
9271:
9241:
9219:10.2165/00003495-197305010-00002
9198:
9176:10.2165/00003495-198326030-00002
9155:
9125:
9095:
9019:
8989:
8959:
8929:
8814:10.2165/00003495-200262140-00005
8728:10.2165/00003495-199958030-00016
8722:(3): 499–505, discussion 506–7.
8652:10.2165/00003088-199936020-00003
8562:10.2165/00003088-200847110-00002
8519:10.2165/00003088-199426040-00003
8476:10.2165/00003495-199142020-00008
8433:10.2165/00003495-198631040-00002
8390:10.2165/11208240-000000000-00000
8347:10.2165/00003495-197815060-00002
8304:10.2165/00003088-199631050-00002
8261:10.2165/00003495-198734030-00001
8155:10.2165/00003495-199448060-00007
8079:10.2165/00003495-198632040-00001
8006:10.2165/00003495-199040010-00006
7900:10.2165/00003088-199834060-00001
7857:10.2165/00003495-199651040-00008
7679:10.2165/11209240-000000000-00000
7544:10.2165/11207450-000000000-00000
7374:10.2165/11534910-000000000-00000
7151:10.2165/11599230-000000000-00000
6841:British National Formulary (BNF)
6551:10.1097/00002508-200006001-00013
5900:National Institute of Drug Abuse
5621:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.01073.x
5573:European Journal of Pharmacology
5375:from the original on 2010-11-26.
5341:The Physician and Sportsmedicine
5316:from the original on 5 June 2018
5198:from the original on 2017-09-10.
5159:from the original on 2010-12-20.
5120:from the original on 2016-06-05.
4703:in roughly equal concentrations.
4372:Epidural, IM, IV, intrathecally.
3848:Mixed opioid agonist-antagonist.
3340:Comes in free form; sulfonamide.
3314:Comes in free form; sulfonamide.
2761:Muscular and rheumatic diseases.
1339:As per aspirin and paracetamol.
560:and pinpoint pupils), seizures (
193:, is any member of the group of
32:Congenital insensitivity to pain
12333:Hypothalamic–pituitary hormones
9360:The New Zealand Medical Journal
8899:
8866:
8836:
8793:
8750:
8707:
8674:
8631:
8584:
8541:
8498:
8455:
8412:
8369:
8326:
8283:
8240:
8207:
8177:
8134:
8101:
8058:
8028:
7985:
7955:
7922:
7879:
7836:
7787:
7744:
7701:
7658:
7609:
7575:Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery
7566:
7523:
7490:
7439:
7396:
7353:
7326:
7299:
7266:
7217:
7173:
7130:
7031:
7001:
6919:
6901:electronic Medicines Compendium
6889:
6666:
6649:
6631:
6616:
6573:
6530:
6483:
6440:
6397:
6353:
6312:
6136:10.14219/jada.archive.2002.0300
6029:
5888:
5839:
5790:
5693:
5653:
5487:British Journal of Pharmacology
5431:
4884:N-type calcium-channel blocker.
4612:Potassium channel (Kv7) opener.
4214:Opioid addiction; chronic pain.
3216:As above, plus hepatotoxicity.
2786:Lower urinary tract infections.
2340:Musculoskeletal and joint pain.
2010:Comes in free form. Salicylate.
1633:Comes in free form; salicylate.
1327:As per aspirin and paracetamol.
712:-related preparations, or with
691:
407:, Diclofenac are all available
10930:Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)
9960:Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery
9813:British Journal of Anaesthesia
8874:"PRODUCT INFORMATION ACTACODE"
6985:. 26 July 2013. Archived from
6944:10.1002/14651858.CD007550.pub3
6691:10.1002/14651858.CD007402.pub3
6363:Journal of Neural Transmission
6286:10.1002/14651858.CD006556.pub2
6253:10.1002/14651858.CD002948.pub2
6210:10.1002/14651858.CD004504.pub4
5536:British Journal of Anaesthesia
5202:
5124:
5076:
5025:
4868:Analgesia and fever reduction.
4818:Analgesia and fever reduction.
4789:Analgesia and fever reduction.
4075:PO, often in combination with
3388:Those with a morphine skeleton
906:voltage-gated calcium channels
747:
516:of the μ-opioid receptor, and
13:
1:
12085:Thrombolytics / fibrinolytics
8109:"CHEMMART PIROXICAM CAPSULES"
6809:Australian Medicines Handbook
6594:10.1212/WNL.45.12_Suppl_8.S66
6093:10.1080/00325481.2021.1985351
5585:10.1016/S0014-2999(98)00195-2
5296:Journal of Paramedic Practice
5256:Journal of Paramedic Practice
4972:
3653:ester derivative of morphine.
3092:As per other topical NSAIDs.
2711:Pain, inflammation and fever.
2614:As per other topical NSAIDs.
2418:juvenile idiopathic arthritis
974:List of drugs with comparison
915:
12796:Wakefulness-promoting agents
7722:10.1185/03007995.2012.744302
7635:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182334d68
6539:The Clinical Journal of Pain
5896:"What is medical marijuana?"
5864:10.18773/austprescr.2015.072
5714:10.1097/SPC.0000000000000137
4977:
4956:Patient-controlled analgesia
4914:voltage-gated sodium channel
4499:Cancer; AEs of paracetamol.
4425:Comes in hydrochloride salt.
3779:Mu opioid; NMDA antagonist;
3611:Moderate-severe pain; cough.
3126:; faeces (57%), urine (27%).
3089:Inflammatory skin disorders.
2231:Local inflammation and pain.
2022:Muscular and rheumatic pain.
1993:; heavy menstrual bleeding;
1849:Short-term relief from pain.
1799:Local inflammatory response.
1645:Musculoskeletal pain; fever.
1478:. Propionic acid derivative.
1139:Agranulocytosis and cancer.
879:have intrinsic NMDA action.
791:
258:
7:
10572:Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
10008:Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878),
7667:Clinical Drug Investigation
7465:10.4081/reumatismo.2010.172
6461:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.03.031
6165:(33): 113–5. Archived from
5846:Murnion B (December 2015).
5309:10.12968/jpar.2017.9.12.522
5269:10.12968/jpar.2017.9.12.522
5010:10.1001/archneur.60.11.1524
4934:
4907:
4654:Neuropathic pain; epilepsy.
4181:Mu opioid; NMDA antagonist.
4127:Mu opioid; NMDA antagonist.
3961:Mu opioid; NMDA antagonist.
3932:Mu opioid receptor agonist.
3870:Comes as hydrobromide salt.
3695:and to a lesser extent via
1901:Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
1893:PO, IM, IV, ophthalmologic.
654:
613:opioid-induced hyperalgesia
481:, and other opioids (e.g.,
331:Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
308:" before the 20th century.
43:Painkiller (disambiguation)
10:
13004:
12446:Intravenous immunoglobulin
10000:
8609:10.1517/14656566.8.10.1551
5815:10.2174/157015908783769662
5754:Clinical Psychology Review
5395:Rheumatology International
4796:; hypotension (rare; IV).
3369:toxic epidermal necrolysis
3116:Selective COX-2 inhibitor.
3098:COX-2 selective inhibitors
2736:Musculoskeletal disorders.
1526:; heavy menstrual bleeding
1124:Related to phenylbutazone.
867:. Some analgesics such as
795:
658:
630:
626:
524:is structurally closer to
467:
463:
418:
372:
334:
296:
286:
276:
36:
29:
12920:
12876:
12848:
12804:
12613:
12548:
12511:
12459:
12372:
12316:
12276:
12233:
12117:
12053:
11965:
11878:
11845:
11812:
11766:
11731:
11646:
11602:
11579:
11540:
11533:
11456:
11375:
11332:
11310:
11273:Tricyclic antidepressants
11229:
11181:
11170:
11132:
11087:
11036:
10920:
10887:
10836:
10772:
10736:
10646:
10637:
10546:
10344:
10162:
10103:
10094:
9705:10.1007/s00011-013-0592-5
9478:Clinical Pharmacokinetics
9073:10.1007/s00520-006-0146-2
9061:Supportive Care in Cancer
8771:10.1517/14656566.1.5.1053
8640:Clinical Pharmacokinetics
8550:Clinical Pharmacokinetics
8507:Clinical Pharmacokinetics
8292:Clinical Pharmacokinetics
7888:Clinical Pharmacokinetics
7587:10.1517/17425240903116006
7242:10.1016/j.clp.2011.12.002
6660:October 19, 2010, at the
6625:Drug Treatment in Urology
6490:Bäckryd E (August 2018).
6418:10.1517/14656560902988528
6050:10.1007/s11916-015-0524-x
5803:Current Neuropharmacology
5766:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.02.005
5609:Journal of Neurochemistry
5407:10.1007/s00296-011-2263-6
5389:Conaghan PG (June 2012).
5181:Cancer and its Management
4900:
4627:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
4469:
4353:
4006:
3914:
3832:
3738:
3386:
3375:
3096:
2464:PO, rectal (ethyl ester,
1314:Hepatotoxicity reported.
1303:Skin conditions (such as
1022:
1011:
538:serotonin releasing agent
368:
222:tricyclic antidepressants
209:, although analgesia and
164:
159:
144:
130:
116:
111:
99:
89:
84:
65:
56:
51:
12501:Topoisomerase inhibitors
12185:renin–angiotensin system
12179:Calcium channel blockers
11525:
10607:+propyphenazone/caffeine
9351:Shipton E (March 2006).
7622:Anesthesia and Analgesia
6496:European Journal of Pain
5452:10.3810/pgm.2014.07.2788
5353:10.3810/psm.2010.04.1770
5335:Warden SJ (April 2010).
4794:Stevens–Johnson syndrome
4518:Hepatic metabolism, via
4437:Anaesthesia maintenance.
4195:and to a lesser extent:
3685:Opioid receptor agonist.
3602:Opioid receptor agonist.
3499:Opioid receptor agonist.
2365:Inflammatory conditions.
1995:patent ductus arteriosus
1297:Topical, ophthalmologic.
1250:Stevens–Johnson syndrome
1079:Slightly metabolised to
995:Routes of administration
177:, also called simply an
11832:Posteromarginal nucleus
11767:Measurement and testing
10038:Encyclopædia Britannica
10017:Encyclopædia Britannica
7230:Clinics in Perinatology
6338:10.1111/1440-1681.12506
4968:(insensitivity to pain)
4859:Prodrug to paracetamol.
4809:Prodrug to paracetamol.
4382:Procedural anaesthesia.
3659:IM, IV, PO, rectal, SC.
3565:Opioid receptor ligand.
3540:Opioid receptor ligand.
2889:As per phenylbutazone.
2206:Acute and chronic pain.
2081:PO, rectal and topical.
1924:Indometacin derivative.
1576:Comes in free acid and
1547:Diethylamine salicylate
960:
606:opioid rotation therapy
387:that decrease pain and
12293:Hormonal contraception
12223:Bile acid sequestrants
12004:Proton-pump inhibitors
11967:gastrointestinal tract
10457:Pethidine (meperidine)
8881:TGA eBusiness Services
8689:TGA eBusiness Services
8222:TGA eBusiness Services
8116:TGA eBusiness Services
7937:TGA eBusiness Services
7505:TGA eBusiness Services
7281:TGA eBusiness Services
6739:. Pharmaceutical Press
5999:10.1001/jama.2015.6358
4651:Half-life = 5–7 hours.
4308:As per other opioids.
4292:Mu opioid metabolite,
4242:As per other opioids.
4034:As per other opioids.
3973:As per other opioids.
3810:kappa opioid receptors
3579:to a lesser extent to
2060:ankylosing spondylitis
1531:myocardial infarctions
1213:Irreversibly inhibits
1111:Pain and inflammation.
952:and to numb areas for
904:δ-subunit blockers of
780:, a blocker of potent
361:but is also available
351:opioid pain medication
327:
11916:Drug-seeking behavior
11804:Visual analogue scale
11078:+paracetamol/caffeine
11056:Metamizole (dipyrone)
10990:Morpholine salicylate
10934:+paracetamol/caffeine
9693:Inflammation Research
9602:10.1080/J354v19n04_05
6807:Rossi S, ed. (2013).
6375:10.1007/s007020050206
6163:Australian Prescriber
6081:Postgraduate Medicine
5852:Australian Prescriber
5797:Nagy J (March 2008).
5440:Postgraduate Medicine
4997:Archives of Neurology
4346:Moderate-severe pain.
4305:Moderate-severe pain.
4276:Moderate-severe pain.
4085:Moderate-severe pain.
4082:Half-life = 20 hours.
3995:Moderate-severe pain.
3970:Moderate-severe pain.
3941:Moderate-severe pain.
3907:Moderate-severe pain.
3882:Moderate-severe pain.
3857:Moderate-severe pain.
3706:Moderate-severe pain.
3665:Moderate-severe pain.
3636:Moderate-severe pain.
1149:Related to piroxicam.
1006:Major safety concerns
454:cardiovascular events
383:that groups together
322:
12902:Radiopharmaceuticals
12690:Antiparkinson agents
11827:Anterolateral system
11201:Gabapentin enacarbil
10995:Potassium salicylate
10985:Magnesium salicylate
10980:Imidazole salicylate
10807:Indometacin farnesil
10203:Diamorphine (heroin)
10170:Acetyldihydrocodeine
7812:10.1038/eye.2011.296
6731:Brayfield, A (ed.).
5848:"Medicinal cannabis"
5549:10.1093/bja/79.3.352
5290:Mallinson T (2017).
5250:Mallinson T (2017).
4966:Congenital analgesia
4871:As per paracetamol.
4487:Paracetamol prodrug.
4379:; excretion = urine.
4168:As per pentazocine.
3257:PO, rectal, topical.
3167:Comes in free form;
2655:PO, rectal, topical.
2580:PO, rectal, topical.
2240:Magnesium salicylate
2142:Rheumatoid arthritis
2048:Rheumatoid arthritis
2016:PO, rectal, topical.
2006:Imidazole salicylate
1987:rheumatoid arthritis
1905:rheumatoid arthritis
1818:PO, Rectal, topical.
1618:Rheumatoid arthritis
1516:Rheumatoid arthritis
1389:Corneal ulceration.
1294:As per acetametacin.
1236:rheumatoid arthritis
1162:Rheumatoid arthritis
992:Mechanism of action
736:Alternative medicine
649:alcohol use disorder
41:For other uses, see
12685:Antimigraine agents
12675:Antidementia agents
12578:Anti-inflammatories
12268:Medicated dressings
12208:Antihyperlipidemics
12035:Diabetes medication
10950:Carbasalate calcium
9972:10.1038/nrd.2017.87
5666:Analytical Cannabis
4846:As per gabapentin.
4831:Comes in free form.
4783:PO, IV, IM, rectal.
4780:reuptake inhibitor.
4722:As per dronabinol.
4332:IM, IV, PO, rectal.
4323:O-desmethyltramadol
4056:Mild-moderate pain.
4025:IM, IV, PO, rectal.
3964:PO, IM, IV, rectal.
3814:mu opioid receptors
3792:Acute/chronic pain.
3757:IM, IV, intranasal.
3329:As per diclofenac.
3303:As per diclofenac.
3300:Postoperative pain.
3270:As per diclofenac.
3241:As per diclofenac.
3186:As per diclofenac.
3157:As per diclofenac.
3067:As per diclofenac.
3042:As per diclofenac.
3017:As per diclofenac.
3014:Pain; inflammation.
2992:As per diclofenac.
2989:Pain; inflammation.
2967:As per diclofenac.
2942:As per diclofenac.
2914:As per diclofenac.
2864:As per diclofenac.
2814:As per diclofenac.
2789:As per diclofenac.
2764:As per diclofenac.
2739:As per diclofenac.
2714:As per diclofenac.
2705:PO, ophthalmologic.
2689:As per diclofenac.
2674:Comes in free form.
2664:As per diclofenac.
2639:As per diclofenac.
2599:Comes in free form.
2518:PO, Ophthalmologic.
2502:As per diclofenac.
2477:As per diclofenac.
2393:As per diclofenac.
2368:As per diclofenac.
2343:As per diclofenac.
2328:Comes in free form.
2318:As per diclofenac.
2289:As per diclofenac.
2259:As per diclofenac.
2234:As per diclofenac.
2209:As per diclofenac.
2184:As per diclofenac.
2151:As per diclofenac.
2115:As per diclofenac.
2075:Comes in free form.
2065:As per diclofenac.
1939:As per diclofenac.
1852:As per diclofenac.
1777:As per diclofenac.
1752:As per diclofenac.
1727:As per diclofenac.
1648:As per diclofenac.
1623:As per diclofenac.
1605:Comes in free form.
1595:As per diclofenac.
1493:As per diclofenac.
1464:As per diclofenac.
1455:PO, IM, IV, rectal.
1439:As per diclofenac.
1364:As per diclofenac.
1277:As per diclofenac.
1244:GI bleeds; ulcers;
1200:As per diclofenac.
1089:As per diclofenac.
1057:As per diclofenac.
986:Generic name (INN)
982:
863:receptors, as does
411:in most countries.
12538:Immunosuppressants
12408:Antimycobacterials
12364:Antithyroid agents
12348:Mineralocorticoids
12152:Cardiac stimulants
12142:Cardiac glycosides
12134:cardiac therapy /
12030:Anti-obesity drugs
11906:Philosophy of pain
11581:Respiratory system
11483:Never to phase III
11388:Analgesic adjuvant
11289:1.7/1.8-selective:
10955:Choline salicylate
10382:Dextropropoxyphene
9929:Medscape Reference
9853:Medscape Reference
9826:10.1093/bja/aen267
9782:Medscape Reference
9666:Medscape Reference
9636:Medscape Reference
9326:Medscape Reference
9253:Medscape Reference
9137:Medscape Reference
9107:Medscape Reference
9031:Medscape Reference
9001:Medscape Reference
8971:Medscape Reference
8941:Medscape Reference
8911:Medscape Reference
8848:Medscape Reference
8189:Medscape Reference
8040:Medscape Reference
7967:Medscape Reference
7765:10.1111/head.12009
7043:Medscape Reference
7013:Medscape Reference
6871:Medscape Reference
6737:Medicines Complete
6643:2014-01-08 at the
6545:(2 Suppl): S73-9.
4865:No data available.
4834:As per gabapentin.
4706:As per dronabinol.
4465:As with fentanyl.
4440:As with fentanyl.
4355:Anilidopiperidines
4236:No data available.
4139:As per methadone.
4111:Opioid dependence.
4040:Dextropropoxyphene
4028:No data available.
4008:Open-chain opioids
4000:serotonin syndrome
3845:No data available.
3662:No available data.
3549:Cough suppressant.
3055:As per diclofenac.
3030:As per diclofenac.
3005:As per diclofenac.
2980:As per diclofenac.
2955:As per diclofenac.
2927:As per diclofenac.
2902:As per diclofenac.
2877:As per diclofenac.
2852:As per diclofenac.
2827:As per diclofenac.
2802:As per diclofenac.
2777:As per diclofenac.
2752:As per diclofenac.
2727:As per diclofenac.
2720:Salamidacetic acid
2702:As per diclofenac.
2686:As per diclofenac.
2677:As per diclofenac.
2652:As per diclofenac.
2627:As per diclofenac.
2602:As per diclofenac.
2583:No data available.
2577:As per diclofenac.
2544:As per diclofenac.
2515:As per diclofenac.
2490:As per diclofenac.
2461:As per diclofenac.
2448:As per bromfenac.
2436:As per diclofenac.
2407:As per diclofenac.
2381:As per diclofenac.
2356:As per diclofenac.
2331:As per diclofenac.
2302:As per diclofenac.
2273:As per diclofenac.
2256:As per diclofenac.
2247:As per diclofenac.
2222:As per diclofenac.
2197:As per diclofenac.
2168:As per diclofenac.
2132:As per diclofenac.
2112:As per diclofenac.
2103:As per diclofenac.
2078:As per diclofenac.
2038:As per diclofenac.
2013:As per diclofenac.
1968:As per diclofenac.
1927:As per diclofenac.
1890:As per diclofenac.
1877:As per bufexamac.
1865:As per diclofenac.
1840:As per diclofenac.
1824:As per diclofenac.
1815:As per diclofenac.
1802:As per bufexamac.
1790:As per diclofenac.
1774:As per diclofenac.
1765:As per diclofenac.
1740:As per diclofenac.
1724:As per diclofenac.
1715:As per diclofenac.
1702:As per bufexamac.
1690:As per diclofenac.
1685:diisopropanolamine
1683:Comes in free and
1673:As per bufexamac.
1661:As per diclofenac.
1636:As per diclofenac.
1608:As per diclofenac.
1583:As per diclofenac.
1566:As per bufexamac.
1554:As per diclofenac.
1481:As per diclofenac.
1358:No data available.
1352:As per diclofenac.
1305:contact dermatitis
1271:No data available.
1265:As per diclofenac.
1240:Kawasaki's disease
1224:PO, IM, IV, rectal
1197:As per diclofenac.
1188:As per diclofenac.
1152:As per diclofenac.
1127:As per diclofenac.
1102:As per diclofenac.
1099:No available data.
1073:As per diclofenac.
1054:As per diclofenac.
1024:Unselective agents
978:
798:Analgesic adjuvant
784:, is administered
328:
241:prescription drugs
12960:
12959:
12863:Ophthalmologicals
12573:Anabolic steroids
12476:Anticancer agents
12439:Ectoparasiticides
12159:Antihypertensives
12107:Antifibrinolytics
11924:
11923:
11779:Cold pressor test
11762:
11761:
11493:
11492:
11328:
11327:
11312:Potassium openers
11249:Local anesthetics
11191:Alcohol (ethanol)
11128:
11127:
11027:methyl salicylate
11015:Sodium salicylate
10902:Meclofenamic acid
10577:+aspirin/caffeine
10542:
10541:
9880:Drugs & Aging
9381:on April 8, 2014.
7532:Drugs & Aging
7417:10.1002/jps.23233
7195:10.1159/000335332
6989:on April 13, 2014
6852:978-0-85711-084-8
6818:978-0-9805790-9-3
6776:978-0-07-162442-8
5947:10.1002/phar.1187
5032:Harper D (2001).
4905:
4904:
4534:sinus tachycardia
4136:As per methadone.
4094:Levacetylmethadol
3917:Phenylpiperidines
3519:nordihydrocodeine
3343:As per celecoxib.
3317:As per celecoxib.
3283:As per celecoxib.
3254:As per celecoxib.
3229:As per celecoxib.
3200:As per celecoxib.
3174:As per celecoxib.
3145:As per celecoxib.
2820:Sodium salicylate
2265:Meclofenamic acid
1524:actinic keratoses
1177:Amtolmetin guacil
999:Pharmacokinetics
989:Physicochemistry
670:medical marijuana
477:, the archetypal
171:
170:
85:Class identifiers
16:(Redirected from
12995:
12949:
12928:
12927:
12912:Senotherapeutics
12766:Neuroprotectives
12761:Mood stabilizers
12660:Anti-ADHD agents
12600:Muscle relaxants
12533:Immunostimulants
12528:Immunomodulators
12360:Thyroid hormones
12298:Fertility agents
12201:Renin inhibitors
12092:Antihemorrhagics
12059:forming organs (
12045:Dietary minerals
11951:
11944:
11937:
11928:
11927:
11879:Related concepts
11870:Pain eradication
11628:
11615:
11566:
11538:
11537:
11534:By region/system
11520:
11513:
11506:
11497:
11496:
11183:Calcium blockers
11179:
11178:
11075:
11024:
10850:
10838:COX-2 inhibitors
10804:
10723:Tiaprofenic acid
10694:
10681:
10673:
10644:
10643:
10521:
10301:
10240:
10212:
10184:
10101:
10100:
10072:
10065:
10058:
10049:
10048:
10042:
10034:
10021:
10013:
9994:
9993:
9983:
9951:
9945:
9944:
9942:
9940:
9921:
9912:
9911:
9875:
9869:
9868:
9866:
9864:
9845:
9839:
9838:
9828:
9804:
9798:
9797:
9795:
9793:
9774:
9768:
9767:
9731:
9725:
9724:
9688:
9682:
9681:
9679:
9677:
9658:
9652:
9651:
9649:
9647:
9628:
9622:
9621:
9585:
9579:
9578:
9542:
9536:
9535:
9533:
9531:
9526:on 13 April 2014
9516:
9510:
9509:
9473:
9467:
9466:
9456:
9432:
9426:
9425:
9389:
9383:
9382:
9380:
9374:. Archived from
9357:
9348:
9342:
9341:
9339:
9337:
9318:
9312:
9311:
9275:
9269:
9268:
9266:
9264:
9245:
9239:
9238:
9202:
9196:
9195:
9159:
9153:
9152:
9150:
9148:
9129:
9123:
9122:
9120:
9118:
9099:
9093:
9092:
9056:
9047:
9046:
9044:
9042:
9023:
9017:
9016:
9014:
9012:
8993:
8987:
8986:
8984:
8982:
8963:
8957:
8956:
8954:
8952:
8933:
8927:
8926:
8924:
8922:
8903:
8897:
8896:
8894:
8892:
8878:
8870:
8864:
8863:
8861:
8859:
8840:
8834:
8833:
8797:
8791:
8790:
8754:
8748:
8747:
8711:
8705:
8704:
8702:
8700:
8686:
8678:
8672:
8671:
8635:
8629:
8628:
8588:
8582:
8581:
8545:
8539:
8538:
8502:
8496:
8495:
8459:
8453:
8452:
8416:
8410:
8409:
8373:
8367:
8366:
8330:
8324:
8323:
8287:
8281:
8280:
8244:
8238:
8237:
8235:
8233:
8219:
8215:"Aclin Sulindac"
8211:
8205:
8204:
8202:
8200:
8181:
8175:
8174:
8138:
8132:
8131:
8129:
8127:
8113:
8105:
8099:
8098:
8062:
8056:
8055:
8053:
8051:
8032:
8026:
8025:
7989:
7983:
7982:
7980:
7978:
7959:
7953:
7952:
7950:
7948:
7934:
7926:
7920:
7919:
7883:
7877:
7876:
7840:
7834:
7833:
7823:
7791:
7785:
7784:
7748:
7742:
7741:
7705:
7699:
7698:
7662:
7656:
7655:
7637:
7613:
7607:
7606:
7570:
7564:
7563:
7527:
7521:
7520:
7518:
7516:
7502:
7494:
7488:
7487:
7477:
7467:
7443:
7437:
7436:
7411:(10): 3593–603.
7400:
7394:
7393:
7362:Paediatric Drugs
7357:
7351:
7350:
7330:
7324:
7323:
7303:
7297:
7296:
7294:
7292:
7278:
7270:
7264:
7263:
7253:
7221:
7215:
7214:
7177:
7171:
7170:
7134:
7128:
7127:
7121:
7117:
7115:
7107:
7079:
7068:
7059:
7058:
7056:
7054:
7035:
7029:
7028:
7026:
7024:
7005:
6999:
6998:
6996:
6994:
6975:
6966:
6965:
6955:
6938:(10): CD007550.
6923:
6917:
6916:
6914:
6912:
6907:on 13 April 2014
6893:
6887:
6886:
6884:
6882:
6863:
6857:
6856:
6844:
6834:
6823:
6822:
6804:
6781:
6780:
6762:
6749:
6748:
6746:
6744:
6728:
6713:
6712:
6702:
6670:
6664:
6653:
6647:
6635:
6629:
6628:
6620:
6614:
6613:
6577:
6571:
6570:
6534:
6528:
6527:
6508:10.1002/ejp.1229
6502:(7): 1193–1202.
6487:
6481:
6480:
6444:
6438:
6437:
6401:
6395:
6394:
6369:(9–10): 857–67.
6357:
6351:
6350:
6340:
6316:
6310:
6307:
6297:
6264:
6239:
6221:
6204:(12): CD004504.
6188:
6179:
6178:
6176:
6174:
6169:on 25 March 2012
6154:
6148:
6147:
6119:
6113:
6112:
6076:
6070:
6069:
6033:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6001:
5983:
5974:
5968:
5967:
5949:
5925:
5919:
5918:
5913:
5911:
5892:
5886:
5885:
5875:
5843:
5837:
5836:
5826:
5794:
5788:
5787:
5777:
5745:
5734:
5733:
5697:
5691:
5688:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5657:
5651:
5650:
5632:
5603:
5597:
5596:
5579:(2–3): 199–203.
5568:
5562:
5561:
5551:
5527:
5521:
5520:
5510:
5478:
5472:
5471:
5435:
5429:
5428:
5418:
5386:
5377:
5376:
5332:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5321:
5311:
5287:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5271:
5247:
5241:
5240:
5230:
5206:
5200:
5199:
5172:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5137:
5128:
5122:
5121:
5110:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5094:
5080:
5074:
5068:
5062:
5056:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5029:
5023:
5022:
5012:
4988:
4946:Electroanalgesia
4472:Other analgesics
3944:As per codeine.
3885:As per codeine.
3873:As per morphine.
3860:As per codeine.
3808:Full agonist at
3795:As per codeine.
3734:As per codeine.
3722:As per morphine.
3709:As per codeine.
3668:As per codeine.
3656:As per morphine.
3639:As per codeine.
3614:As per codeine.
3589:As per codeine.
3552:As per codeine.
3527:As per codeine.
3430:opioid receptors
2948:Tiaprofenic acid
2830:PO, IV, topical.
2524:Ophthalmologic:
1899:Ophthalmologic:
1252:(uncommon/rare)
983:
977:
857:Dextromethorphan
666:Medical cannabis
661:Medical cannabis
642:neurotransmitter
415:COX-2 inhibitors
409:over the counter
299:
298:
289:
288:
279:
278:
237:over the counter
235:, are available
218:neuropathic pain
154:
140:
132:Consumer Reports
126:
70:
49:
48:
46:
39:
21:
13003:
13002:
12998:
12997:
12996:
12994:
12993:
12992:
12963:
12962:
12961:
12956:
12952:Medicine portal
12916:
12872:
12844:
12839:
12831:Cough medicines
12826:Bronchodilators
12807:
12800:
12680:Antidepressants
12670:Anticonvulsants
12618:
12609:
12605:Bisphosphonates
12595:Corticosteroids
12557:
12544:
12516:
12507:
12491:Spindle poisons
12481:Antimetabolites
12464:
12455:
12377:
12368:
12343:Glucocorticoids
12338:Corticosteroids
12319:
12312:
12279:
12272:
12229:
12147:Antiarrhythmics
12120:
12113:
12070:Antithrombotics
12058:
12049:
12025:Antipropulsives
12021:Antidiarrhoeals
11998:
11969:
11961:
11955:
11925:
11920:
11874:
11841:
11814:Pathophysiology
11808:
11799:Tail flick test
11758:
11727:
11642:
11626:
11613:
11604:Musculoskeletal
11598:
11575:
11564:
11529:
11524:
11494:
11489:
11488:
11473:Clinical trials
11452:
11433:Phenazopyridine
11371:
11352:Cyclobenzaprine
11324:
11306:
11288:
11231:Sodium blockers
11225:
11173:
11166:
11124:
11083:
11073:
11032:
11022:
10916:
10912:Tolfenamic acid
10897:Flufenamic acid
10883:
10848:
10832:
10802:
10768:
10732:
10692:
10679:
10671:
10633:
10597:+metoclopramide
10538:
10519:
10340:
10299:
10238:
10221:Dihydromorphine
10210:
10182:
10158:
10090:
10076:
10046:
10032:"Anodyne"
10011:"Anodyne"
10003:
9998:
9997:
9952:
9948:
9938:
9936:
9923:
9922:
9915:
9876:
9872:
9862:
9860:
9847:
9846:
9842:
9805:
9801:
9791:
9789:
9776:
9775:
9771:
9732:
9728:
9689:
9685:
9675:
9673:
9660:
9659:
9655:
9645:
9643:
9630:
9629:
9625:
9586:
9582:
9543:
9539:
9529:
9527:
9518:
9517:
9513:
9474:
9470:
9433:
9429:
9390:
9386:
9378:
9366:(1230): U1875.
9355:
9349:
9345:
9335:
9333:
9320:
9319:
9315:
9276:
9272:
9262:
9260:
9247:
9246:
9242:
9203:
9199:
9160:
9156:
9146:
9144:
9131:
9130:
9126:
9116:
9114:
9101:
9100:
9096:
9057:
9050:
9040:
9038:
9025:
9024:
9020:
9010:
9008:
8995:
8994:
8990:
8980:
8978:
8965:
8964:
8960:
8950:
8948:
8935:
8934:
8930:
8920:
8918:
8905:
8904:
8900:
8890:
8888:
8876:
8872:
8871:
8867:
8857:
8855:
8842:
8841:
8837:
8798:
8794:
8755:
8751:
8712:
8708:
8698:
8696:
8684:
8680:
8679:
8675:
8636:
8632:
8603:(10): 1551–64.
8589:
8585:
8546:
8542:
8503:
8499:
8460:
8456:
8417:
8413:
8384:(18): 2457–89.
8374:
8370:
8331:
8327:
8288:
8284:
8245:
8241:
8231:
8229:
8217:
8213:
8212:
8208:
8198:
8196:
8183:
8182:
8178:
8139:
8135:
8125:
8123:
8111:
8107:
8106:
8102:
8063:
8059:
8049:
8047:
8034:
8033:
8029:
7990:
7986:
7976:
7974:
7961:
7960:
7956:
7946:
7944:
7932:
7928:
7927:
7923:
7884:
7880:
7841:
7837:
7792:
7788:
7749:
7745:
7716:(12): 1873–80.
7706:
7702:
7663:
7659:
7614:
7610:
7571:
7567:
7528:
7524:
7514:
7512:
7500:
7496:
7495:
7491:
7444:
7440:
7401:
7397:
7358:
7354:
7331:
7327:
7304:
7300:
7290:
7288:
7276:
7272:
7271:
7267:
7222:
7218:
7178:
7174:
7135:
7131:
7119:
7118:
7109:
7108:
7096:
7077:
7069:
7062:
7052:
7050:
7037:
7036:
7032:
7022:
7020:
7007:
7006:
7002:
6992:
6990:
6977:
6976:
6969:
6924:
6920:
6910:
6908:
6895:
6894:
6890:
6880:
6878:
6865:
6864:
6860:
6853:
6835:
6826:
6819:
6805:
6784:
6777:
6763:
6752:
6742:
6740:
6729:
6716:
6685:(6): CD007402.
6671:
6667:
6662:Wayback Machine
6654:
6650:
6645:Wayback Machine
6636:
6632:
6621:
6617:
6578:
6574:
6535:
6531:
6488:
6484:
6445:
6441:
6412:(9): 1495–500.
6402:
6398:
6358:
6354:
6317:
6313:
6280:(1): CD006556.
6247:(2): CD002948.
6189:
6182:
6172:
6170:
6155:
6151:
6120:
6116:
6077:
6073:
6034:
6030:
6022:
5992:(24): 2456–73.
5981:
5975:
5971:
5934:Pharmacotherapy
5926:
5922:
5909:
5907:
5894:
5893:
5889:
5844:
5840:
5795:
5791:
5746:
5737:
5698:
5694:
5689:
5685:
5675:
5673:
5658:
5654:
5604:
5600:
5569:
5565:
5528:
5524:
5479:
5475:
5436:
5432:
5401:(6): 1491–502.
5387:
5380:
5333:
5329:
5319:
5317:
5288:
5284:
5274:
5272:
5262:(12): 522–526.
5248:
5244:
5207:
5203:
5192:
5173:
5164:
5156:
5150:
5135:
5133:"6.1 and 7.1.1"
5129:
5125:
5114:"Acetaminophen"
5112:
5111:
5102:
5092:
5090:
5082:
5081:
5077:
5069:
5065:
5057:
5053:
5043:
5041:
5030:
5026:
5003:(11): 1524–34.
4989:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4951:Pain management
4937:
4910:
4473:
4184:IM, IV, PO, SC.
3989:IM, IV, PO, SC.
3956:dichloromethane
3786:PO, IM, IV, SC.
3605:IM, IV, PO, SC.
3511:dihydromorphine
3502:IM, IV, PO, SC.
3381:
3213:Osteoarthritis.
3023:Tolfenamic acid
2549:otolaryngologic
2508:Oxyphenbutazone
2439:Ophthalmologic.
1971:PO, IV, topical
1959:dichloromethane
1858:Flufenamic acid
1509:PO and topical.
1411:Skin disorders.
1380:Ophthalmologic.
1232:rheumatic fever
1114:As diclofenac.
1017:
1007:
1003:
996:
981:
976:
963:
918:
910:anticonvulsants
903:
847:cyclobenzaprine
800:
794:
771:anticholinergic
763:NMDA antagonist
750:
738:
706:pseudoephedrine
694:
663:
657:
635:
629:
558:myoclonic jerks
514:partial agonist
506:opioid receptor
495:dihydromorphine
472:
466:
423:
421:COX-2 inhibitor
417:
377:
371:
339:
333:
314:
290:, "pain"), and
261:
226:anticonvulsants
199:pain management
150:
136:
80:
47:
40:
37:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13001:
12991:
12990:
12985:
12980:
12975:
12958:
12957:
12955:
12954:
12943:
12938:
12933:
12921:
12918:
12917:
12915:
12914:
12909:
12904:
12899:
12897:Contrast media
12894:
12888:
12886:
12874:
12873:
12871:
12870:
12865:
12859:
12857:
12850:sensory organs
12846:
12845:
12843:
12842:
12837:
12833:
12828:
12823:
12817:
12815:
12802:
12801:
12799:
12798:
12793:
12788:
12783:
12778:
12773:
12768:
12763:
12758:
12749:
12748:
12747:
12742:
12737:
12727:
12722:
12717:
12712:
12707:
12702:
12697:
12695:Antipsychotics
12692:
12687:
12682:
12677:
12672:
12667:
12665:Antiaddictives
12662:
12657:
12652:
12651:
12650:
12645:
12635:
12629:
12627:
12620:nervous system
12611:
12610:
12608:
12607:
12602:
12597:
12592:
12590:Antirheumatics
12587:
12586:
12585:
12575:
12569:
12567:
12546:
12545:
12543:
12542:
12541:
12540:
12535:
12524:
12522:
12509:
12508:
12506:
12505:
12504:
12503:
12498:
12496:Antineoplastic
12493:
12488:
12483:
12472:
12470:
12457:
12456:
12454:
12453:
12448:
12443:
12442:
12441:
12436:
12431:
12429:Antiprotozoals
12424:Antiparasitics
12421:
12416:
12411:
12404:Antibacterials
12400:Antimicrobials
12396:
12394:
12370:
12369:
12367:
12366:
12357:
12352:
12351:
12350:
12345:
12335:
12329:
12327:
12314:
12313:
12311:
12310:
12305:
12300:
12295:
12289:
12287:
12274:
12273:
12271:
12270:
12265:
12263:Antipsoriatics
12260:
12255:
12250:
12244:
12242:
12231:
12230:
12228:
12227:
12226:
12225:
12220:
12215:
12205:
12204:
12203:
12198:
12193:
12191:ACE inhibitors
12181:
12176:
12171:
12166:
12161:
12156:
12155:
12154:
12149:
12144:
12130:
12128:
12119:cardiovascular
12115:
12114:
12112:
12111:
12110:
12109:
12104:
12099:
12089:
12088:
12087:
12082:
12080:Anticoagulants
12077:
12066:
12064:
12051:
12050:
12048:
12047:
12042:
12037:
12032:
12027:
12018:
12013:
12008:
12007:
12006:
12001:
11996:
11992:
11981:
11979:
11963:
11962:
11954:
11953:
11946:
11939:
11931:
11922:
11921:
11919:
11918:
11913:
11908:
11903:
11898:
11893:
11891:Pain tolerance
11888:
11886:Pain threshold
11882:
11880:
11876:
11875:
11873:
11872:
11867:
11862:
11857:
11851:
11849:
11843:
11842:
11840:
11839:
11834:
11829:
11824:
11818:
11816:
11810:
11809:
11807:
11806:
11801:
11796:
11794:Hot plate test
11791:
11786:
11781:
11776:
11770:
11768:
11764:
11763:
11760:
11759:
11757:
11756:
11751:
11746:
11741:
11735:
11733:
11729:
11728:
11726:
11725:
11724:
11723:
11718:
11708:
11703:
11698:
11693:
11688:
11683:
11678:
11673:
11668:
11663:
11661:Pain asymbolia
11658:
11652:
11650:
11644:
11643:
11641:
11640:
11635:
11630:
11622:
11617:
11608:
11606:
11600:
11599:
11597:
11596:
11591:
11585:
11583:
11577:
11576:
11574:
11573:
11568:
11560:
11555:
11550:
11544:
11542:
11535:
11531:
11530:
11523:
11522:
11515:
11508:
11500:
11491:
11490:
11487:
11486:
11485:
11484:
11481:
11470:
11464:
11458:
11457:
11454:
11453:
11451:
11450:
11445:
11440:
11435:
11430:
11428:Methoxyflurane
11425:
11420:
11415:
11410:
11405:
11400:
11395:
11390:
11385:
11379:
11377:
11373:
11372:
11370:
11369:
11364:
11359:
11354:
11349:
11344:
11338:
11336:
11330:
11329:
11326:
11325:
11323:
11322:
11316:
11314:
11308:
11307:
11305:
11304:
11299:
11294:
11286:
11281:
11280:
11270:
11265:
11260:
11246:
11241:
11235:
11233:
11227:
11226:
11224:
11223:
11218:
11213:
11208:
11203:
11198:
11193:
11187:
11185:
11176:
11168:
11167:
11165:
11164:
11159:
11154:
11149:
11144:
11138:
11136:
11130:
11129:
11126:
11125:
11123:
11122:
11117:
11112:
11107:
11102:
11097:
11091:
11089:
11085:
11084:
11082:
11081:
11071:Propyphenazone
11068:
11063:
11058:
11053:
11048:
11046:Aminophenazone
11042:
11040:
11034:
11033:
11031:
11030:
11017:
11012:
11007:
11002:
10997:
10992:
10987:
10982:
10977:
10972:
10967:
10962:
10957:
10952:
10947:
10942:
10937:
10926:
10924:
10918:
10917:
10915:
10914:
10909:
10907:Mefenamic acid
10904:
10899:
10893:
10891:
10885:
10884:
10882:
10881:
10876:
10871:
10866:
10861:
10856:
10842:
10840:
10834:
10833:
10831:
10830:
10825:
10820:
10815:
10810:
10797:
10792:
10787:
10782:
10776:
10774:
10770:
10769:
10767:
10766:
10761:
10756:
10751:
10746:
10740:
10738:
10734:
10733:
10731:
10730:
10725:
10720:
10715:
10710:
10705:
10700:
10687:
10666:
10661:
10656:
10650:
10648:
10641:
10635:
10634:
10632:
10631:
10626:
10621:
10616:
10615:
10614:
10609:
10604:
10599:
10594:
10589:
10584:
10579:
10569:
10564:
10559:
10553:
10551:
10544:
10543:
10540:
10539:
10537:
10536:
10531:
10514:
10509:
10504:
10499:
10494:
10489:
10484:
10479:
10474:
10469:
10464:
10459:
10454:
10449:
10444:
10439:
10434:
10429:
10424:
10419:
10414:
10404:
10399:
10394:
10389:
10384:
10379:
10377:Dextromoramide
10374:
10369:
10364:
10359:
10354:
10348:
10346:
10342:
10341:
10339:
10338:
10333:
10328:
10323:
10294:
10289:
10284:
10279:
10274:
10269:
10264:
10259:
10257:Hydromorphinol
10254:
10233:
10228:
10223:
10218:
10208:Dihydrocodeine
10205:
10200:
10195:
10190:
10177:
10175:Benzylmorphine
10172:
10166:
10164:
10160:
10159:
10157:
10156:
10151:
10146:
10141:
10131:
10130:
10129:
10124:
10113:
10111:
10098:
10092:
10091:
10075:
10074:
10067:
10060:
10052:
10045:
10044:
10029:, ed. (1911),
10027:Chisholm, Hugh
10023:
10004:
10002:
9999:
9996:
9995:
9966:(8): 545–564.
9946:
9913:
9886:(10): 883–92.
9870:
9840:
9799:
9769:
9742:(10): 867–81.
9726:
9683:
9653:
9623:
9580:
9553:(4): 285–312.
9537:
9511:
9468:
9427:
9384:
9343:
9313:
9270:
9240:
9197:
9170:(3): 191–211.
9154:
9124:
9094:
9048:
9018:
8988:
8958:
8928:
8898:
8865:
8835:
8792:
8765:(5): 1053–66.
8749:
8706:
8673:
8630:
8583:
8556:(11): 703–20.
8540:
8497:
8454:
8427:(4): 288–300.
8411:
8368:
8325:
8282:
8255:(3): 289–310.
8239:
8206:
8176:
8149:(4): 292–323.
8133:
8100:
8073:(4): 291–312.
8057:
8027:
7984:
7954:
7921:
7878:
7835:
7786:
7743:
7700:
7657:
7608:
7565:
7522:
7489:
7438:
7395:
7352:
7325:
7298:
7265:
7216:
7172:
7129:
7120:|journal=
7094:
7060:
7030:
7000:
6967:
6918:
6888:
6858:
6851:
6824:
6817:
6782:
6775:
6750:
6714:
6665:
6648:
6630:
6615:
6572:
6529:
6482:
6439:
6396:
6352:
6311:
6309:
6308:
6265:
6180:
6149:
6114:
6087:(3): 245–259.
6071:
6028:
5969:
5940:(2): 195–209.
5920:
5887:
5838:
5789:
5735:
5692:
5683:
5652:
5615:(6): 1435–43.
5598:
5563:
5522:
5473:
5430:
5378:
5327:
5282:
5242:
5201:
5190:
5162:
5148:
5123:
5100:
5075:
5063:
5051:
5024:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4963:
4961:Pain in babies
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4941:Audioanalgesia
4936:
4933:
4909:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4898:
4897:
4894:
4891:
4888:
4885:
4882:
4879:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4866:
4863:
4860:
4857:
4854:
4848:
4847:
4844:
4841:
4838:
4835:
4832:
4829:
4823:
4822:
4819:
4816:
4813:
4810:
4807:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4781:
4770:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4757:
4750:
4747:
4744:
4737:
4730:
4724:
4723:
4720:
4713:
4712:Not available.
4710:
4707:
4704:
4693:
4687:
4686:
4683:
4677:
4674:
4671:
4668:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4655:
4652:
4649:
4646:
4643:
4640:
4634:
4633:
4630:
4619:
4616:
4613:
4610:
4603:
4597:
4596:
4593:
4590:
4579:
4576:
4573:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4559:
4556:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4538:
4537:
4530:
4527:
4516:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4501:
4500:
4497:
4494:
4491:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4466:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4442:
4441:
4438:
4435:
4432:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4403:
4400:
4397:
4393:
4387:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4373:
4370:
4367:
4364:
4358:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4344:
4333:
4330:
4319:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4290:
4287:
4281:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4259:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4170:
4169:
4166:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4015:Dextromoramide
4011:
4010:
4004:
4003:
3996:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3806:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3777:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3651:nicotinic acid
3647:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3493:
3491:Dihydrocodeine
3487:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3447:
3436:
3433:
3426:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2708:Not available.
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2683:Not available.
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2658:Not available.
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2570:Phenylbutazone
2566:
2565:
2562:
2555:
2552:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2362:Not available.
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2337:Not available.
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2295:Mefenamic acid
2291:
2290:
2287:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2253:Not available.
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2179:conjunctivitis
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2146:osteoarthritis
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2109:Not available.
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2084:Not available.
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2052:osteoarthritis
2045:
2042:
2041:PO, IV, rectal
2039:
2036:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2019:Not available.
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1991:osteoarthritis
1983:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1933:Not available.
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1909:osteoarthritis
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1821:Not available.
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1667:Not available.
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1642:Not available.
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1615:
1614:Not available.
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1527:
1520:osteoarthritis
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1242:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1211:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1166:osteoarthritis
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1133:Not available.
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1120:Aminophenazone
1116:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1000:
997:
993:
990:
987:
979:
975:
972:
962:
959:
917:
914:
901:
891:gabapentinoids
884:anticonvulsant
824:tripelennamine
796:Main article:
793:
790:
749:
746:
737:
734:
693:
690:
659:Main article:
656:
653:
628:
625:
550:norepinephrine
468:Main article:
465:
462:
427:cyclooxygenase
419:Main article:
416:
413:
373:Main article:
370:
367:
335:Main article:
332:
329:
313:
312:Classification
310:
280:, "without"),
260:
257:
175:analgesic drug
169:
168:
162:
161:
157:
156:
148:
142:
141:
138:Best Buy Drugs
134:
128:
127:
120:
114:
113:
109:
108:
103:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
82:
81:
71:
63:
62:
54:
53:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13000:
12989:
12986:
12984:
12981:
12979:
12976:
12974:
12971:
12970:
12968:
12953:
12948:
12944:
12942:
12939:
12937:
12934:
12932:
12923:
12922:
12919:
12913:
12910:
12908:
12905:
12903:
12900:
12898:
12895:
12893:
12890:
12889:
12887:
12884:
12880:
12875:
12869:
12866:
12864:
12861:
12860:
12858:
12855:
12851:
12847:
12841:
12834:
12832:
12829:
12827:
12824:
12822:
12821:Decongestants
12819:
12818:
12816:
12813:
12809:
12803:
12797:
12794:
12792:
12789:
12787:
12784:
12782:
12779:
12777:
12774:
12772:
12769:
12767:
12764:
12762:
12759:
12757:
12753:
12750:
12746:
12743:
12741:
12740:Dissociatives
12738:
12736:
12733:
12732:
12731:
12730:Hallucinogens
12728:
12726:
12723:
12721:
12718:
12716:
12713:
12711:
12708:
12706:
12703:
12701:
12698:
12696:
12693:
12691:
12688:
12686:
12683:
12681:
12678:
12676:
12673:
12671:
12668:
12666:
12663:
12661:
12658:
12656:
12653:
12649:
12646:
12644:
12641:
12640:
12639:
12636:
12634:
12631:
12630:
12628:
12625:
12621:
12616:
12612:
12606:
12603:
12601:
12598:
12596:
12593:
12591:
12588:
12584:
12581:
12580:
12579:
12576:
12574:
12571:
12570:
12568:
12565:
12561:
12555:
12551:
12547:
12539:
12536:
12534:
12531:
12530:
12529:
12526:
12525:
12523:
12520:
12514:
12510:
12502:
12499:
12497:
12494:
12492:
12489:
12487:
12484:
12482:
12479:
12478:
12477:
12474:
12473:
12471:
12468:
12462:
12458:
12452:
12449:
12447:
12444:
12440:
12437:
12435:
12434:Anthelmintics
12432:
12430:
12427:
12426:
12425:
12422:
12420:
12417:
12415:
12412:
12409:
12405:
12401:
12398:
12397:
12395:
12392:
12388:
12384:
12380:
12375:
12371:
12365:
12361:
12358:
12356:
12353:
12349:
12346:
12344:
12341:
12340:
12339:
12336:
12334:
12331:
12330:
12328:
12325:
12321:
12315:
12309:
12306:
12304:
12301:
12299:
12296:
12294:
12291:
12290:
12288:
12285:
12281:
12278:genitourinary
12275:
12269:
12266:
12264:
12261:
12259:
12258:Antipruritics
12256:
12254:
12251:
12249:
12246:
12245:
12243:
12240:
12236:
12232:
12224:
12221:
12219:
12216:
12214:
12211:
12210:
12209:
12206:
12202:
12199:
12197:
12194:
12192:
12189:
12188:
12187:
12186:
12182:
12180:
12177:
12175:
12174:Beta blockers
12172:
12170:
12167:
12165:
12162:
12160:
12157:
12153:
12150:
12148:
12145:
12143:
12140:
12139:
12138:
12137:
12132:
12131:
12129:
12126:
12122:
12116:
12108:
12105:
12103:
12100:
12098:
12095:
12094:
12093:
12090:
12086:
12083:
12081:
12078:
12076:
12075:Antiplatelets
12073:
12072:
12071:
12068:
12067:
12065:
12062:
12056:
12052:
12046:
12043:
12041:
12038:
12036:
12033:
12031:
12028:
12026:
12022:
12019:
12017:
12014:
12012:
12009:
12005:
12002:
12000:
11993:
11991:
11988:
11987:
11986:
11983:
11982:
11980:
11977:
11973:
11968:
11964:
11960:
11952:
11947:
11945:
11940:
11938:
11933:
11932:
11929:
11917:
11914:
11912:
11909:
11907:
11904:
11902:
11899:
11897:
11894:
11892:
11889:
11887:
11884:
11883:
11881:
11877:
11871:
11868:
11866:
11863:
11861:
11858:
11856:
11853:
11852:
11850:
11848:
11844:
11838:
11835:
11833:
11830:
11828:
11825:
11823:
11820:
11819:
11817:
11815:
11811:
11805:
11802:
11800:
11797:
11795:
11792:
11790:
11789:Grimace scale
11787:
11785:
11782:
11780:
11777:
11775:
11772:
11771:
11769:
11765:
11755:
11754:Low back pain
11752:
11750:
11747:
11745:
11742:
11740:
11737:
11736:
11734:
11730:
11722:
11719:
11717:
11714:
11713:
11712:
11709:
11707:
11706:Referred pain
11704:
11702:
11699:
11697:
11694:
11692:
11689:
11687:
11684:
11682:
11679:
11677:
11674:
11672:
11669:
11667:
11666:Pain disorder
11664:
11662:
11659:
11657:
11654:
11653:
11651:
11649:
11645:
11639:
11638:Delayed-onset
11636:
11634:
11631:
11629:
11623:
11621:
11618:
11616:
11610:
11609:
11607:
11605:
11601:
11595:
11592:
11590:
11587:
11586:
11584:
11582:
11578:
11572:
11569:
11567:
11561:
11559:
11556:
11554:
11551:
11549:
11546:
11545:
11543:
11541:Head and neck
11539:
11536:
11532:
11528:
11521:
11516:
11514:
11509:
11507:
11502:
11501:
11498:
11482:
11480:
11477:
11476:
11474:
11471:
11468:
11465:
11463:
11460:
11459:
11455:
11449:
11446:
11444:
11441:
11439:
11436:
11434:
11431:
11429:
11426:
11424:
11421:
11419:
11416:
11414:
11411:
11409:
11406:
11404:
11401:
11399:
11396:
11394:
11391:
11389:
11386:
11384:
11381:
11380:
11378:
11374:
11368:
11365:
11363:
11362:Methocarbamol
11360:
11358:
11357:Mephenoxalone
11355:
11353:
11350:
11348:
11347:Chlorzoxazone
11345:
11343:
11340:
11339:
11337:
11335:
11331:
11321:
11318:
11317:
11315:
11313:
11309:
11303:
11300:
11298:
11295:
11293:
11290:
11283:
11282:
11278:
11277:amitriptyline
11274:
11271:
11269:
11266:
11264:
11261:
11258:
11254:
11250:
11247:
11245:
11242:
11240:
11239:Carbamazepine
11237:
11236:
11234:
11232:
11228:
11222:
11219:
11217:
11214:
11212:
11209:
11207:
11204:
11202:
11199:
11197:
11194:
11192:
11189:
11188:
11186:
11184:
11180:
11177:
11175:
11169:
11163:
11160:
11158:
11155:
11153:
11150:
11148:
11145:
11143:
11140:
11139:
11137:
11135:
11131:
11121:
11118:
11116:
11113:
11111:
11108:
11106:
11103:
11101:
11098:
11096:
11093:
11092:
11090:
11086:
11079:
11072:
11069:
11067:
11064:
11062:
11059:
11057:
11054:
11052:
11049:
11047:
11044:
11043:
11041:
11039:
11035:
11028:
11021:
11018:
11016:
11013:
11011:
11008:
11006:
11003:
11001:
10998:
10996:
10993:
10991:
10988:
10986:
10983:
10981:
10978:
10976:
10973:
10971:
10968:
10966:
10963:
10961:
10958:
10956:
10953:
10951:
10948:
10946:
10943:
10941:
10938:
10935:
10931:
10928:
10927:
10925:
10923:
10919:
10913:
10910:
10908:
10905:
10903:
10900:
10898:
10895:
10894:
10892:
10890:
10886:
10880:
10877:
10875:
10872:
10870:
10867:
10865:
10862:
10860:
10857:
10854:
10847:
10844:
10843:
10841:
10839:
10835:
10829:
10826:
10824:
10821:
10819:
10816:
10814:
10811:
10808:
10801:
10798:
10796:
10793:
10791:
10788:
10786:
10783:
10781:
10778:
10777:
10775:
10771:
10765:
10762:
10760:
10757:
10755:
10752:
10750:
10747:
10745:
10742:
10741:
10739:
10735:
10729:
10726:
10724:
10721:
10719:
10716:
10714:
10711:
10709:
10706:
10704:
10701:
10698:
10697:Dexketoprofen
10691:
10688:
10685:
10677:
10670:
10667:
10665:
10662:
10660:
10657:
10655:
10652:
10651:
10649:
10645:
10642:
10640:
10636:
10630:
10627:
10625:
10622:
10620:
10617:
10613:
10610:
10608:
10605:
10603:
10600:
10598:
10595:
10593:
10590:
10588:
10585:
10583:
10580:
10578:
10575:
10574:
10573:
10570:
10568:
10565:
10563:
10560:
10558:
10555:
10554:
10552:
10549:
10545:
10535:
10532:
10529:
10525:
10518:
10515:
10513:
10510:
10508:
10505:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10495:
10493:
10490:
10488:
10485:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10475:
10473:
10472:Phenoperidine
10470:
10468:
10465:
10463:
10460:
10458:
10455:
10453:
10450:
10448:
10445:
10443:
10440:
10438:
10435:
10433:
10430:
10428:
10425:
10423:
10420:
10418:
10415:
10412:
10408:
10405:
10403:
10402:Ethoheptazine
10400:
10398:
10395:
10393:
10390:
10388:
10385:
10383:
10380:
10378:
10375:
10373:
10370:
10368:
10365:
10363:
10360:
10358:
10355:
10353:
10350:
10349:
10347:
10343:
10337:
10334:
10332:
10329:
10327:
10324:
10321:
10317:
10313:
10309:
10305:
10298:
10295:
10293:
10290:
10288:
10285:
10283:
10280:
10278:
10275:
10273:
10270:
10268:
10265:
10263:
10262:Hydromorphone
10260:
10258:
10255:
10252:
10248:
10244:
10237:
10234:
10232:
10231:Ethylmorphine
10229:
10227:
10224:
10222:
10219:
10216:
10209:
10206:
10204:
10201:
10199:
10196:
10194:
10191:
10188:
10181:
10180:Buprenorphine
10178:
10176:
10173:
10171:
10168:
10167:
10165:
10163:Semisynthetic
10161:
10155:
10152:
10150:
10147:
10145:
10142:
10139:
10135:
10132:
10128:
10125:
10123:
10120:
10119:
10118:
10115:
10114:
10112:
10110:
10106:
10102:
10099:
10097:
10093:
10088:
10084:
10080:
10073:
10068:
10066:
10061:
10059:
10054:
10053:
10050:
10040:
10039:
10033:
10028:
10024:
10019:
10018:
10012:
10006:
10005:
9991:
9987:
9982:
9977:
9973:
9969:
9965:
9961:
9957:
9950:
9934:
9930:
9926:
9920:
9918:
9909:
9905:
9901:
9897:
9893:
9889:
9885:
9881:
9874:
9858:
9854:
9850:
9844:
9836:
9832:
9827:
9822:
9818:
9814:
9810:
9803:
9787:
9783:
9779:
9773:
9765:
9761:
9757:
9753:
9749:
9745:
9741:
9737:
9730:
9722:
9718:
9714:
9710:
9706:
9702:
9698:
9694:
9687:
9671:
9667:
9663:
9657:
9641:
9637:
9633:
9627:
9619:
9615:
9611:
9607:
9603:
9599:
9595:
9591:
9584:
9576:
9572:
9568:
9564:
9560:
9556:
9552:
9548:
9541:
9525:
9521:
9515:
9507:
9503:
9499:
9495:
9491:
9487:
9484:(5): 352–68.
9483:
9479:
9472:
9464:
9460:
9455:
9450:
9446:
9442:
9438:
9431:
9423:
9419:
9415:
9411:
9407:
9403:
9399:
9395:
9388:
9377:
9373:
9369:
9365:
9361:
9354:
9347:
9331:
9327:
9323:
9317:
9309:
9305:
9301:
9297:
9293:
9289:
9285:
9281:
9274:
9258:
9254:
9250:
9244:
9236:
9232:
9228:
9224:
9220:
9216:
9212:
9208:
9201:
9193:
9189:
9185:
9181:
9177:
9173:
9169:
9165:
9158:
9142:
9138:
9134:
9128:
9112:
9108:
9104:
9098:
9090:
9086:
9082:
9078:
9074:
9070:
9067:(3): 259–64.
9066:
9062:
9055:
9053:
9036:
9032:
9028:
9022:
9006:
9002:
8998:
8992:
8976:
8972:
8968:
8962:
8946:
8942:
8938:
8932:
8916:
8912:
8908:
8902:
8886:
8882:
8875:
8869:
8853:
8849:
8845:
8839:
8831:
8827:
8823:
8819:
8815:
8811:
8807:
8803:
8796:
8788:
8784:
8780:
8776:
8772:
8768:
8764:
8760:
8753:
8745:
8741:
8737:
8733:
8729:
8725:
8721:
8717:
8710:
8694:
8690:
8683:
8677:
8669:
8665:
8661:
8657:
8653:
8649:
8646:(2): 115–26.
8645:
8641:
8634:
8626:
8622:
8618:
8614:
8610:
8606:
8602:
8598:
8594:
8587:
8579:
8575:
8571:
8567:
8563:
8559:
8555:
8551:
8544:
8536:
8532:
8528:
8524:
8520:
8516:
8513:(4): 259–74.
8512:
8508:
8501:
8493:
8489:
8485:
8481:
8477:
8473:
8470:(2): 274–99.
8469:
8465:
8458:
8450:
8446:
8442:
8438:
8434:
8430:
8426:
8422:
8415:
8407:
8403:
8399:
8395:
8391:
8387:
8383:
8379:
8372:
8364:
8360:
8356:
8352:
8348:
8344:
8341:(6): 429–50.
8340:
8336:
8329:
8321:
8317:
8313:
8309:
8305:
8301:
8298:(5): 331–47.
8297:
8293:
8286:
8278:
8274:
8270:
8266:
8262:
8258:
8254:
8250:
8243:
8227:
8223:
8216:
8210:
8194:
8190:
8186:
8180:
8172:
8168:
8164:
8160:
8156:
8152:
8148:
8144:
8137:
8121:
8117:
8110:
8104:
8096:
8092:
8088:
8084:
8080:
8076:
8072:
8068:
8061:
8045:
8041:
8037:
8031:
8023:
8019:
8015:
8011:
8007:
8003:
8000:(1): 91–137.
7999:
7995:
7988:
7972:
7968:
7964:
7958:
7942:
7938:
7931:
7925:
7917:
7913:
7909:
7905:
7901:
7897:
7893:
7889:
7882:
7874:
7870:
7866:
7862:
7858:
7854:
7851:(4): 639–57.
7850:
7846:
7839:
7831:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7813:
7809:
7805:
7801:
7797:
7790:
7782:
7778:
7774:
7770:
7766:
7762:
7759:(2): 277–87.
7758:
7754:
7747:
7739:
7735:
7731:
7727:
7723:
7719:
7715:
7711:
7704:
7696:
7692:
7688:
7684:
7680:
7676:
7673:(6): 361–71.
7672:
7668:
7661:
7653:
7649:
7645:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7628:(2): 424–33.
7627:
7623:
7619:
7612:
7604:
7600:
7596:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7581:(9): 961–75.
7580:
7576:
7569:
7561:
7557:
7553:
7549:
7545:
7541:
7537:
7533:
7526:
7510:
7506:
7499:
7493:
7485:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7458:(3): 172–88.
7457:
7453:
7449:
7442:
7434:
7430:
7426:
7422:
7418:
7414:
7410:
7406:
7399:
7391:
7387:
7383:
7379:
7375:
7371:
7368:(5): 313–29.
7367:
7363:
7356:
7348:
7344:
7341:(7): 823–30.
7340:
7336:
7329:
7321:
7317:
7313:
7309:
7302:
7286:
7282:
7275:
7269:
7261:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7243:
7239:
7236:(1): 111–36.
7235:
7231:
7227:
7220:
7212:
7208:
7204:
7200:
7196:
7192:
7188:
7184:
7176:
7168:
7164:
7160:
7156:
7152:
7148:
7145:(3): 327–37.
7144:
7140:
7133:
7125:
7113:
7105:
7101:
7097:
7095:9780123972200
7091:
7087:
7083:
7076:
7075:
7067:
7065:
7048:
7044:
7040:
7034:
7018:
7014:
7010:
7004:
6988:
6984:
6980:
6974:
6972:
6963:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6945:
6941:
6937:
6933:
6929:
6922:
6906:
6902:
6898:
6892:
6876:
6872:
6868:
6862:
6854:
6848:
6843:
6842:
6833:
6831:
6829:
6820:
6814:
6810:
6803:
6801:
6799:
6797:
6795:
6793:
6791:
6789:
6787:
6778:
6772:
6768:
6761:
6759:
6757:
6755:
6738:
6734:
6727:
6725:
6723:
6721:
6719:
6710:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6692:
6688:
6684:
6680:
6676:
6669:
6663:
6659:
6656:
6652:
6646:
6642:
6639:
6634:
6626:
6619:
6611:
6607:
6603:
6599:
6595:
6591:
6587:
6583:
6576:
6568:
6564:
6560:
6556:
6552:
6548:
6544:
6540:
6533:
6525:
6521:
6517:
6513:
6509:
6505:
6501:
6497:
6493:
6486:
6478:
6474:
6470:
6466:
6462:
6458:
6455:(6): 1120–1.
6454:
6450:
6443:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6423:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6407:
6400:
6392:
6388:
6384:
6380:
6376:
6372:
6368:
6364:
6356:
6348:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6330:
6326:
6322:
6315:
6305:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6287:
6283:
6279:
6275:
6271:
6266:
6262:
6258:
6254:
6250:
6246:
6241:
6240:
6237:
6233:
6229:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6211:
6207:
6203:
6199:
6195:
6187:
6185:
6168:
6164:
6160:
6153:
6145:
6141:
6137:
6133:
6130:(7): 861–71.
6129:
6125:
6118:
6110:
6106:
6102:
6098:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6082:
6075:
6067:
6063:
6059:
6055:
6051:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6032:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6009:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5991:
5987:
5980:
5973:
5965:
5961:
5957:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5939:
5935:
5931:
5924:
5917:
5905:
5902:. July 2015.
5901:
5897:
5891:
5883:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5857:
5853:
5849:
5842:
5834:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5816:
5812:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5793:
5785:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5767:
5763:
5759:
5755:
5751:
5744:
5742:
5740:
5731:
5727:
5723:
5719:
5715:
5711:
5708:(2): 116–21.
5707:
5703:
5696:
5687:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5656:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5622:
5618:
5614:
5610:
5602:
5594:
5590:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5567:
5559:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5526:
5518:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5493:(1): 147–51.
5492:
5488:
5484:
5477:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5446:(4): 98–114.
5445:
5441:
5434:
5426:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5385:
5383:
5374:
5370:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5331:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5286:
5270:
5265:
5261:
5257:
5253:
5246:
5238:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5221:(5): 367–72.
5220:
5216:
5212:
5205:
5197:
5193:
5191:9781118468715
5187:
5183:
5182:
5177:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5155:
5151:
5149:9781905813384
5145:
5141:
5134:
5127:
5119:
5115:
5109:
5107:
5105:
5089:
5085:
5079:
5072:
5067:
5060:
5055:
5039:
5035:
5028:
5020:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4987:
4983:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4932:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4915:
4899:
4895:
4893:Chronic pain.
4892:
4889:
4886:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4867:
4864:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4842:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4820:
4817:
4814:
4811:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4788:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4758:
4755:
4751:
4748:
4745:
4742:
4738:
4735:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4718:
4714:
4711:
4709:Buccal spray.
4708:
4705:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4684:
4681:
4678:
4675:
4672:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4647:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4631:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4617:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4594:
4591:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4560:
4557:
4554:
4551:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4505:Amitriptyline
4503:
4502:
4498:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4468:
4464:
4461:
4458:
4455:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4439:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4404:
4401:
4398:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4378:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4345:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4307:
4304:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4275:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4120:Levomethadone
4118:
4117:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4078:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4033:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3940:
3937:
3934:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3909:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3835:
3834:Benzomorphans
3831:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3680:terephthalate
3677:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3595:Hydromorphone
3593:
3592:
3588:
3586:Chronic pain.
3585:
3582:
3581:hydromorphone
3578:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3533:Ethylmorphine
3531:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3395:Buprenorphine
3393:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3362:dysmenorrhoea
3359:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2645:Proglumetacin
2643:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2454:Niflumic acid
2452:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:Comes in the
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1246:Reye syndrome
1243:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1010:
1005:
1001:
998:
994:
991:
988:
985:
984:
971:
968:
958:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
932:also is used
931:
927:
923:
913:
911:
907:
899:
895:
892:
888:
887:carbamazepine
885:
880:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
827:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
804:amitriptyline
799:
789:
787:
786:intrathecally
783:
779:
775:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
754:
745:
743:
733:
730:
726:
722:
717:
715:
714:antihistamine
711:
707:
703:
699:
689:
687:
686:muscle spasms
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
662:
652:
650:
645:
643:
638:
634:
624:
622:
618:
614:
609:
607:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
554:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
510:Buprenorphine
507:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
471:
461:
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
422:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
376:
366:
364:
363:intravenously
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
338:
326:
325:acetaminophen
321:
317:
309:
307:
303:
293:
283:
273:
270:
267:derives from
266:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
229:
227:
223:
219:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
187:pain reliever
184:
180:
176:
167:
163:
158:
153:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
119:
115:
112:Clinical data
110:
107:
104:
102:
98:
95:
92:
88:
83:
78:
74:
73:Opium poppies
69:
64:
61:
60:
55:
50:
44:
33:
19:
12735:Psychedelics
12705:Aphrodisiacs
12632:
12379:infestations
12355:Sex hormones
12308:Sex hormones
12253:Cicatrizants
12183:
12169:Vasodilators
12136:antianginals
12133:
11985:stomach acid
11984:
11701:Phantom pain
11686:Hyperalgesia
11681:Chronic pain
11565:(swallowing)
11563:Odynophagia
11367:Orphenadrine
11342:Carisoprodol
11334:Myorelaxants
11284:
11134:Cannabinoids
11100:Floctafenine
11005:Salicylamide
10684:+paracetamol
10676:Dexibuprofen
10664:Flurbiprofen
10654:Benoxaprofen
10629:Propacetamol
10619:Parapropamol
10587:+hydrocodone
10528:+paracetamol
10497:Remifentanil
10487:Proheptazine
10417:Ketobemidone
10357:Alphaprodine
10304:+paracetamol
10292:Nicomorphine
10287:Nicodicodine
10243:+paracetamol
10215:+paracetamol
10198:Desomorphine
10127:+paracetamol
10078:
10036:
10015:
9963:
9959:
9949:
9937:. Retrieved
9928:
9883:
9879:
9873:
9861:. Retrieved
9852:
9843:
9819:(5): 610–7.
9816:
9812:
9802:
9790:. Retrieved
9781:
9772:
9739:
9735:
9729:
9699:(3): 251–8.
9696:
9692:
9686:
9674:. Retrieved
9665:
9656:
9644:. Retrieved
9635:
9626:
9596:(4): 13–24.
9593:
9589:
9583:
9550:
9546:
9540:
9528:. Retrieved
9524:the original
9514:
9481:
9477:
9471:
9447:(2): 88–89.
9444:
9440:
9430:
9400:(1): 53–68.
9397:
9393:
9387:
9376:the original
9363:
9359:
9346:
9334:. Retrieved
9325:
9316:
9283:
9279:
9273:
9261:. Retrieved
9252:
9243:
9210:
9206:
9200:
9167:
9163:
9157:
9145:. Retrieved
9136:
9127:
9115:. Retrieved
9106:
9097:
9064:
9060:
9039:. Retrieved
9030:
9021:
9009:. Retrieved
9000:
8991:
8979:. Retrieved
8970:
8961:
8949:. Retrieved
8940:
8931:
8919:. Retrieved
8910:
8901:
8889:. Retrieved
8880:
8868:
8856:. Retrieved
8847:
8838:
8805:
8801:
8795:
8762:
8758:
8752:
8719:
8715:
8709:
8697:. Retrieved
8688:
8676:
8643:
8639:
8633:
8600:
8596:
8586:
8553:
8549:
8543:
8510:
8506:
8500:
8467:
8463:
8457:
8424:
8420:
8414:
8381:
8377:
8371:
8338:
8334:
8328:
8295:
8291:
8285:
8252:
8248:
8242:
8230:. Retrieved
8221:
8209:
8197:. Retrieved
8188:
8179:
8146:
8142:
8136:
8124:. Retrieved
8115:
8103:
8070:
8066:
8060:
8048:. Retrieved
8039:
8030:
7997:
7993:
7987:
7975:. Retrieved
7966:
7957:
7945:. Retrieved
7936:
7924:
7894:(6): 421–8.
7891:
7887:
7881:
7848:
7844:
7838:
7806:(2): 252–8.
7803:
7799:
7789:
7756:
7752:
7746:
7713:
7709:
7703:
7670:
7666:
7660:
7625:
7621:
7611:
7578:
7574:
7568:
7538:(7): 583–9.
7535:
7531:
7525:
7513:. Retrieved
7504:
7492:
7455:
7451:
7441:
7408:
7404:
7398:
7365:
7361:
7355:
7338:
7334:
7328:
7314:(8): 943–9.
7311:
7307:
7301:
7289:. Retrieved
7280:
7268:
7233:
7229:
7219:
7186:
7182:
7175:
7142:
7138:
7132:
7074:Flurbiprofen
7073:
7051:. Retrieved
7042:
7033:
7021:. Retrieved
7012:
7003:
6991:. Retrieved
6987:the original
6982:
6935:
6931:
6921:
6909:. Retrieved
6905:the original
6900:
6891:
6879:. Retrieved
6870:
6861:
6840:
6808:
6766:
6741:. Retrieved
6736:
6682:
6678:
6668:
6651:
6633:
6624:
6618:
6585:
6581:
6575:
6542:
6538:
6532:
6499:
6495:
6485:
6452:
6448:
6442:
6409:
6405:
6399:
6366:
6362:
6355:
6328:
6324:
6314:
6277:
6273:
6244:
6201:
6197:
6171:. Retrieved
6167:the original
6162:
6152:
6127:
6123:
6117:
6084:
6080:
6074:
6041:
6037:
6031:
6008:10757/558499
5989:
5985:
5972:
5937:
5933:
5923:
5915:
5908:. Retrieved
5899:
5890:
5858:(6): 212–5.
5855:
5851:
5841:
5809:(1): 39–54.
5806:
5802:
5792:
5757:
5753:
5705:
5701:
5695:
5686:
5674:. Retrieved
5665:
5655:
5630:10533/173421
5612:
5608:
5601:
5576:
5572:
5566:
5542:(3): 352–6.
5539:
5535:
5525:
5490:
5486:
5476:
5443:
5439:
5433:
5398:
5394:
5347:(1): 132–8.
5344:
5340:
5330:
5318:. Retrieved
5299:
5295:
5285:
5273:. Retrieved
5259:
5255:
5245:
5218:
5214:
5204:
5180:
5176:Hochhauser D
5139:
5126:
5091:. Retrieved
5087:
5078:
5066:
5054:
5042:. Retrieved
5027:
5000:
4996:
4986:
4911:
4887:Intrathecal.
4852:Propacetamol
4734:orphenadrine
4680:Fibromyalgia
4623:fibromyalgia
4496:Pain; fever.
4470:
4421:Remifentanil
4354:
4239:Severe pain.
4031:Severe pain.
4007:
3950:Ketobemidone
3915:
3833:
3739:
3645:Nicomorphine
3387:
3376:
3260:Unavailable.
3097:
2880:PO, topical.
2780:PO, topical.
2755:PO, topical.
2745:Salicylamide
2733:Unavailable.
2630:PO, topical.
2595:Piketoprofen
2559:otitis media
2526:Episcleritis
2521:Unavailable.
2471:Unavailable.
2466:morniflumate
2442:Unavailable.
2349:Morniflumate
1920:Glucametacin
1883:Flurbiprofen
1833:Floctafenine
1539:hypertension
1474:D-isomer of
1470:Dexibuprofen
1333:Unavailable.
1258:Azapropazone
1234:; migraine;
1023:
1012:
964:
919:
881:
875:and perhaps
873:ketobemidone
855:
831:orphenadrine
828:
820:carisoprodol
816:promethazine
801:
776:
757:
751:
739:
727:, and other
718:
695:
692:Combinations
682:chronic pain
678:cannabinoids
672:, refers to
669:
665:
664:
646:
639:
636:
617:hyperalgesia
610:
602:
586:Constipation
555:
473:
451:
431:constitutive
424:
393:inflammation
378:
340:
323:A bottle of
315:
291:
281:
271:
264:
262:
230:
215:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
172:
160:Legal status
124:Drug Classes
57:
12868:Otologicals
12840:antagonists
12806:respiratory
12781:Orexigenics
12776:Neurotoxins
12725:Euphoriants
12715:Entactogens
12710:Depressants
12700:Anxiolytics
12638:Anesthetics
12414:Antifungals
12011:Antiemetics
11999:antagonists
11911:Cancer pain
11837:Substance P
11822:Nociception
11784:Dolorimeter
11739:Pelvic pain
11696:Hyperpathia
11691:Hypoalgesia
11612:Arthralgia
11594:Pleurodynia
11589:Sore throat
11469:from market
11413:Frunevetmab
11393:Bedinvetmab
11302:PF-05089771
11211:Mirogabalin
11172:Ion channel
11142:Cannabidiol
11095:Benzydamine
11038:Pyrazolones
11020:Wintergreen
10970:Ethenzamide
10965:Dipyrocetyl
10922:Salicylates
10864:Lumiracoxib
10800:Indometacin
10728:Zaltoprofen
10647:Propionates
10557:Acetanilide
10548:Paracetamol
10482:Piritramide
10467:Phenazocine
10462:Phenadoxone
10452:Pentazocine
10447:Oliceridine
10442:Norpipanone
10411:+fluanisone
10392:Dimenoxadol
10372:Carfentanil
10367:Bezitramide
10362:Anileridine
10331:Papaveretum
10326:Oxymorphone
10320:+naltrexone
10282:Nicocodeine
10267:Levorphanol
10236:Hydrocodone
10193:Butorphanol
10138:+naltrexone
9213:(1): 6–91.
7475:2434/667356
7189:(1): 9–15.
7183:Neonatology
6331:(1): 3–12.
6157:Murnion B.
5044:December 3,
4929:ralfinamide
4925:raxatrigine
4765:Paracetamol
4697:cannabidiol
4663:Milnacipran
4615:PO, rectal.
4480:Acetanilide
4294:nortilidine
4233:IM, IV, SC.
4223:Piritramide
4163:renal colic
4155:IM, IV, PO.
3925:Anileridine
3901:IM, IV, SC.
3891:Pentazocine
3819:IM, IV, SC.
3772:Levorphanol
3747:Butorphanol
3725:PO, IM, SC.
3715:Oxymorphone
3701:oxymorphone
3558:Hydrocodone
3466:Diamorphine
3451:paracetamol
3435:PO, IM, IV.
3232:PO, rectal.
3192:Lumiracoxib
3169:sulfonamide
3111:Sulfonamide
2920:Tetridamine
2905:PO, rectal.
2855:PO, rectal.
2695:Pranoprofen
2680:PO, rectal.
2404:derivative.
2359:PO, rectal.
2284:menorrhagia
2031:Indometacin
1654:Etofenamate
1629:Ethenzamide
1586:PO, IM, IV.
1420:Carbasalate
1345:Benzydamine
1289:indometacin
1268:PO, rectal.
1181:Prodrug to
1145:Ampiroxicam
1081:indometacin
1069:indometacin
1031:Aceclofenac
1002:Indications
950:mouth sores
877:piritramide
812:hydroxyzine
748:Other drugs
698:paracetamol
574:antiemetics
534:mu receptor
526:venlafaxine
491:hydrocodone
389:lower fever
355:cancer pain
337:Paracetamol
203:anesthetics
166:In Wikidata
152:MedicineNet
12988:Analgesics
12967:Categories
12791:Stimulants
12771:Nootropics
12745:Deliriants
12720:Entheogens
12655:Anorectics
12633:Analgesics
12486:Alkylating
12419:Antivirals
12374:infections
12248:Emollients
12102:Coagulants
11972:metabolism
11860:Anesthesia
11847:Management
11774:Pain scale
11744:Proctalgia
11648:Neurologic
11548:Eye strain
11443:Rimazolium
11438:Proglumide
11383:Analgecine
11320:Flupirtine
11263:Mexiletine
11244:Lacosamide
11221:Ziconotide
11216:Pregabalin
11206:Leconotide
11196:Gabapentin
11174:modulators
11157:Nabiximols
11120:Proquazone
11115:Nimesulide
11110:Nabumetone
11061:Nifenazone
10975:Guacetisal
10960:Diflunisal
10945:Benorylate
10879:Valdecoxib
10859:Etoricoxib
10790:Diclofenac
10780:Acemetacin
10749:Lornoxicam
10703:Loxoprofen
10690:Ketoprofen
10659:Fenoprofen
10624:Phenacetin
10602:+oxycodone
10592:+ibuprofen
10524:+celecoxib
10507:Tapentadol
10502:Sufentanil
10477:Piminodine
10427:Meptazinol
10422:Lofentanil
10397:Dipipanone
10352:Alfentanil
10312:+ibuprofen
10277:Nalbuphine
10247:+ibuprofen
10079:Analgesics
7452:Reumatismo
6044:(10): 50.
5088:BNF online
4973:References
4877:Ziconotide
4827:Pregabalin
4802:Phenacetin
4778:anandamide
4701:dronabinol
4691:Nabiximols
4638:Gabapentin
4607:retigabine
4601:Flupirtine
4568:Duloxetine
4542:Dronabinol
4453:Mu opioid.
4446:Sufentanil
4428:Mu opioid.
4399:Mu opioid.
4369:Mu opioid.
4362:Alfentanil
4248:Tapentadol
4230:Mu opioid.
4145:Meptazinol
4072:Mu opioid.
4065:Dipipanone
4047:Mu opioid.
4022:Mu opioid.
3866:Eptazocine
3801:Nalbuphine
3740:Morphinans
3575:, but via
3360:Pain from
3335:Valdecoxib
3265:tendinitis
3247:Nimesulide
3163:Etoricoxib
2998:Tinoridine
2870:Suxibuzone
2670:Proquazone
2374:Nabumetone
2215:Loxoprofen
2190:Lornoxicam
2163:trometamol
2127:trometamol
2121:Ketoprofen
1963:chloroform
1783:Fepradinol
1733:Fenoprofen
1572:Diflunisal
1499:Diclofenac
1320:Benorilate
1063:Acemetacin
1040:diclofenac
942:anesthetic
926:diclofenac
916:Other uses
898:pregabalin
894:gabapentin
843:gabapentin
839:pregabalin
835:mexiletine
808:duloxetine
778:Ziconotide
759:Flupirtine
631:See also:
546:Tapentadol
458:thrombotic
447:etoricoxib
381:drug class
302:adjectives
300:, forming
211:anesthesia
191:painkiller
59:Drug class
18:Analgesics
12941:ATC codes
12907:Dressings
12892:Antidotes
12756:Sedatives
12752:Hypnotics
12461:malignant
12318:endocrine
12164:Diuretics
12097:Platelets
12057:and blood
12016:Laxatives
11896:Suffering
11865:Cordotomy
11855:Analgesia
11676:Allodynia
11656:Neuralgia
11620:Bone pain
11571:Toothache
11479:Phase III
11467:Withdrawn
11448:Tanezumab
11408:Clonidine
11403:Capsaicin
11257:lidocaine
11105:Glafenine
11066:Phenazone
11010:Salsalate
10940:Aloxiprin
10889:Fenamates
10874:Rofecoxib
10869:Parecoxib
10853:+tramadol
10846:Celecoxib
10828:Zomepirac
10813:Ketorolac
10785:Bromfenac
10764:Tenoxicam
10759:Piroxicam
10754:Meloxicam
10713:Oxaprozin
10669:Ibuprofen
10612:+tramadol
10567:Butacetin
10432:Methadone
10345:Synthetic
10316:+naloxone
10297:Oxycodone
10226:Etorphine
10187:+naloxone
10154:Paregoric
9931:. WebMD.
9855:. WebMD.
9784:. WebMD.
9736:CNS Drugs
9668:. WebMD.
9638:. WebMD.
9575:208818234
9328:. WebMD.
9286:: 59–62.
9255:. WebMD.
9192:196363445
9139:. WebMD.
9109:. WebMD.
9033:. WebMD.
9003:. WebMD.
8973:. WebMD.
8943:. WebMD.
8913:. WebMD.
8850:. WebMD.
8830:250308600
8787:219291177
8744:219216087
8492:195693229
8449:195692567
8277:195698431
8191:. WebMD.
8171:209070732
8095:195692751
8042:. WebMD.
8022:195692083
7969:. WebMD.
7873:265522598
7390:207298956
7167:207301513
7122:ignored (
7112:cite book
7045:. WebMD.
7015:. WebMD.
6873:. WebMD.
6582:Neurology
6173:12 August
6109:238635838
5760:: 57–71.
5676:22 August
5660:Tozer A.
5071:EB (1911)
5059:EB (1878)
4978:Citations
4739:Unknown;
4695:Contains
4174:Methadone
4077:cyclizine
3979:Pethidine
3674:Oxycodone
3455:ibuprofen
3425:morphine.
3309:Rofecoxib
3276:Parecoxib
3222:Meloxicam
3105:Celecoxib
3073:Ufenamate
2973:Tiaramide
2937:Vaginitis
2895:Tenoxicam
2795:Salsalate
2620:Piroxicam
2537:Phenazone
2483:Oxaprozin
2429:Nepafenac
2324:Mofezolac
2157:Ketorolac
1945:Ibuprofen
1808:Feprazone
1758:Fentiazac
1601:Epirizole
1476:ibuprofen
1395:Bufexamac
1370:Bromfenac
1309:cataracts
938:Lidocaine
934:topically
930:capsaicin
922:ibuprofen
869:methadone
792:Adjuvants
721:ibuprofen
621:allodynia
594:lactulose
590:laxatives
578:phenergan
499:pethidine
487:oxycodone
443:celecoxib
439:rofecoxib
435:inducible
401:ibuprofen
265:analgesic
263:The word
259:Etymology
253:addiction
207:sensation
197:used for
179:analgesic
118:Drugs.com
52:Analgesic
12786:Serenics
12451:Vaccines
12218:Fibrates
12040:Vitamins
11990:Antacids
11901:SOCRATES
11627:(muscle)
11625:Myalgia
11553:Headache
11418:Ketamine
11297:Funapide
11292:DSP-2230
11152:Nabilone
11147:Cannabis
11051:Ampyrone
10823:Tolmetin
10818:Sulindac
10795:Etodolac
10773:Acetates
10744:Isoxicam
10718:Suprofen
10708:Naproxen
10582:+codeine
10517:Tramadol
10512:Tilidine
10492:Propiram
10407:Fentanyl
10387:Dezocine
10336:Thebacon
10308:+aspirin
10251:+aspirin
10149:Laudanum
10134:Morphine
10122:+aspirin
9990:28596533
9933:Archived
9908:39007929
9900:19761281
9857:Archived
9835:18796441
9786:Archived
9764:22053483
9756:20839897
9721:16535456
9713:23322112
9670:Archived
9640:Archived
9618:29509469
9610:16431829
9506:35402662
9463:71812645
9422:23410891
9414:11782820
9372:16532042
9330:Archived
9308:35733660
9257:Archived
9235:28014084
9141:Archived
9111:Archived
9089:10916508
9081:17039381
9035:Archived
9005:Archived
8975:Archived
8945:Archived
8915:Archived
8885:Archived
8852:Archived
8822:12269850
8779:11249495
8736:10493277
8693:Archived
8660:10092958
8625:22656859
8617:17661736
8578:11718396
8570:18840026
8535:43007023
8406:71357689
8398:22141388
8363:33403236
8320:25446820
8226:Archived
8193:Archived
8120:Archived
8044:Archived
7971:Archived
7941:Archived
7916:46662001
7830:22094296
7781:12843704
7773:23298250
7753:Headache
7738:25001604
7730:23098098
7695:41818971
7687:22574632
7652:21022357
7644:21965355
7603:25006837
7595:19663721
7560:36573017
7552:21721602
7509:Archived
7484:21052564
7433:31263593
7425:22786667
7382:20799760
7347:21780552
7320:21845805
7285:Archived
7260:22341541
7211:40750585
7203:22414850
7159:22316349
7104:22469318
7047:Archived
7017:Archived
6962:24151035
6875:Archived
6709:26068955
6658:Archived
6641:Archived
6610:46279174
6567:40067641
6559:10870744
6516:29635804
6477:19710997
6469:20362025
6434:11597721
6426:19505216
6391:11636934
6383:10599868
6347:26475417
6304:20091597
6261:21328257
6228:25536022
6144:12148679
6101:34636261
6058:26325482
6020:Archived
6016:26103030
5956:23386598
5910:19 April
5904:Archived
5882:26843715
5833:19305787
5784:25766100
5730:13922218
5722:25872113
5670:Archived
5647:13397864
5639:12354291
5468:19782818
5460:25141248
5425:22193214
5373:Archived
5369:44567896
5361:20424410
5314:Archived
5237:12856055
5196:Archived
5178:(2014).
5154:Archived
5118:Archived
5038:Archived
5019:14623723
4935:See also
4921:funapide
4919:such as
4917:blockers
4908:Research
4881:Peptide.
4815:No data.
4806:No data.
4776:, is an
4667:No data.
4493:No data.
4484:No data.
4391:Fentanyl
4314:Tramadol
4302:No data.
4285:Tilidine
4133:No data.
3938:No data.
3879:No data.
3841:Dezocine
3620:Morphine
3546:No data.
3444:morphine
3138:Etodolac
3086:No data.
3083:Topical.
3080:No data.
3077:No data.
3048:Tolmetin
3011:No data.
3008:No data.
3002:No data.
2986:No data.
2977:No data.
2933:No data.
2930:Vaginal.
2924:No data.
2883:No data.
2845:Sulindac
2833:No data.
2783:No data.
2774:No data.
2758:No data.
2699:No data.
2605:Topical.
2541:No data.
2399:Naproxen
2225:Topical.
2096:Kebuzone
2071:Isonixin
1955:methanol
1868:Topical.
1793:Topical.
1771:No data.
1708:Fenbufen
1693:Topical.
1679:Felbinac
1664:Topical.
1578:arginine
1557:Topical.
1458:No data.
1445:Clonixin
1433:No data.
1408:No data.
1405:Topical.
1283:Bendazac
1194:No data.
1183:tolmetin
1158:No data.
1108:No data.
965:Topical
946:steroids
865:ketamine
851:hyoscine
767:migraine
725:naproxen
674:cannabis
655:Cannabis
598:macrogol
582:Pruritus
576:such as
570:vomiting
562:tramadol
528:than to
522:Tramadol
518:tramadol
508:system.
503:cerebral
475:Morphine
405:naproxen
359:rectally
306:anodynes
245:overdose
183:antalgic
101:ATC code
12983:Agnosia
12978:Opioids
12643:General
12550:muscles
12519:L03–L04
12515:disease
12467:L01–L02
12463:disease
12213:Statins
11614:(joint)
11423:Menthol
11398:Camphor
11275:(e.g.,
11268:Nefopam
11253:cocaine
11251:(e.g.,
11000:Salicin
10737:Oxicams
10562:Bucetin
10534:Viminol
10272:Metopon
10117:Codeine
10105:Opiates
10096:Opioids
10001:Sources
9981:5675565
9939:8 April
9863:8 April
9792:9 April
9676:9 April
9646:9 April
9567:2998723
9530:9 April
9336:9 April
9300:6124079
9263:9 April
9227:4578369
9184:6137354
9147:9 April
9117:9 April
9041:8 April
9011:8 April
8981:8 April
8951:8 April
8921:8 April
8891:8 April
8858:9 April
8699:7 April
8668:9873285
8527:8013160
8484:1717225
8441:2940079
8312:9118583
8269:3315620
8232:7 April
8199:7 April
8163:6386426
8126:7 April
8087:3536423
8050:7 April
8014:2202585
7977:7 April
7947:7 April
7908:9646006
7865:8706598
7821:3272202
7515:7 April
7291:7 April
7251:3598606
7053:7 April
7023:7 April
6993:7 April
6953:4170892
6911:7 April
6881:6 April
6743:9 April
6700:6426435
6602:8545027
6524:4710528
6295:7389878
6236:4498929
6219:7197042
6066:9110606
5964:8503107
5873:4674028
5824:2645546
5775:4385458
5593:9671098
5558:9389855
5517:1596676
5508:1908625
5416:3364420
5228:2572451
4862:IM, IV.
4754:hiccups
4746:PO, IM.
4728:Nefopam
4520:CYP2C19
4267:CYP2C19
4201:CYP2C19
3935:IM, IV.
3876:IM, SC.
3851:IM, IV.
3420:Codeine
3379:Opioids
3286:IM, IV.
2106:IM, PO.
1980:CYP2C19
1951:acetone
1535:strokes
1206:Aspirin
1095:Amfenac
1038:As per
753:Nefopam
742:placebo
702:codeine
676:or its
633:Ethanol
627:Alcohol
530:codeine
483:codeine
464:Opioids
397:aspirin
77:opiates
12950:
12929:
12877:other
12808:system
12560:joints
12513:immune
12320:system
12280:system
12121:system
11462:WHO-EM
11376:Others
11088:Others
11074:
11023:
10849:
10803:
10693:
10680:
10672:
10639:NSAIDs
10520:
10300:
10239:
10211:
10183:
9988:
9978:
9906:
9898:
9833:
9762:
9754:
9719:
9711:
9616:
9608:
9573:
9565:
9504:
9498:359212
9496:
9461:
9420:
9412:
9370:
9306:
9298:
9233:
9225:
9190:
9182:
9087:
9079:
8828:
8820:
8785:
8777:
8742:
8734:
8666:
8658:
8623:
8615:
8576:
8568:
8533:
8525:
8490:
8482:
8447:
8439:
8404:
8396:
8361:
8355:350558
8353:
8318:
8310:
8275:
8267:
8169:
8161:
8093:
8085:
8020:
8012:
7914:
7906:
7871:
7863:
7828:
7818:
7779:
7771:
7736:
7728:
7693:
7685:
7650:
7642:
7601:
7593:
7558:
7550:
7482:
7431:
7423:
7388:
7380:
7345:
7318:
7258:
7248:
7209:
7201:
7165:
7157:
7102:
7092:
6960:
6950:
6849:
6815:
6773:
6707:
6697:
6608:
6600:
6565:
6557:
6522:
6514:
6475:
6467:
6432:
6424:
6389:
6381:
6345:
6302:
6292:
6259:
6234:
6226:
6216:
6142:
6107:
6099:
6064:
6056:
6014:
5962:
5954:
5880:
5870:
5831:
5821:
5782:
5772:
5728:
5720:
5645:
5637:
5591:
5556:
5515:
5505:
5466:
5458:
5423:
5413:
5367:
5359:
5320:2 June
5275:2 June
5235:
5225:
5188:
5146:
5093:8 June
5017:
4621:Pain;
4587:CYP1A2
4583:CYP2D6
4524:CYP3A4
4407:CYP3A4
4396:light.
4377:CYP3A4
4341:CYP2D6
4337:CYP3A4
4325:) and
4271:CYP2D6
4263:CYP2C9
4209:CYP2C8
4207:&
4205:CYP2D6
4197:CYP2C9
4193:CYP2B6
4189:CYP3A4
3697:CYP2D6
3693:CYP3A4
3577:CYP2D6
3573:CYP3A4
3515:CYP3A4
3507:CYP2D6
3496:light.
3440:CYP2D6
3355:CYP2C9
3351:CYP3A4
3295:CYP3A4
3291:CYP2C9
3208:CYP2C9
3124:CYP2C9
2557:Acute
2310:CYP2C9
2270:light.
1976:CYP2C9
1307:) and
954:dental
944:, and
729:NSAIDS
566:nausea
479:opioid
470:Opioid
445:, and
369:NSAIDs
251:, and
249:misuse
233:NSAIDs
155:
12931:Drugs
12648:Local
12615:brain
12554:bones
12055:blood
11732:Other
11633:Acute
10550:-type
10437:NFEPP
10144:Opium
10109:opium
9904:S2CID
9760:S2CID
9717:S2CID
9614:S2CID
9571:S2CID
9547:Drugs
9502:S2CID
9459:S2CID
9418:S2CID
9379:(PDF)
9356:(PDF)
9304:S2CID
9231:S2CID
9207:Drugs
9188:S2CID
9164:Drugs
9085:S2CID
8877:(PDF)
8826:S2CID
8802:Drugs
8783:S2CID
8740:S2CID
8716:Drugs
8685:(PDF)
8664:S2CID
8621:S2CID
8574:S2CID
8531:S2CID
8488:S2CID
8464:Drugs
8445:S2CID
8421:Drugs
8402:S2CID
8378:Drugs
8359:S2CID
8335:Drugs
8316:S2CID
8273:S2CID
8249:Drugs
8218:(PDF)
8167:S2CID
8143:Drugs
8112:(PDF)
8091:S2CID
8067:Drugs
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