33:
300:(HGA). This disease was first identified in 1990, although this pathogen was known to cause veterinary disease since 1932. Since 1990, incidence of HGA has increased, and it is now recognized in Europe. This disease was first identified due to a Wisconsin patient who died with a severe febrile illness two weeks after a tick bite. During the last stage of the infection, a group of small bacteria was seen within the neutrophils in the blood. Other symptoms include fever, headache, absence of skin rash,
62:
442:
524:"Reorganization of genera in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in the order Rickettsiales: unification of some species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma, Cowdria with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia with Neorickettsia, descriptions of six new species combinations and designation of Ehrlichia equi and 'HGE agent' as subjective synonyms of Ehrlichia phagocytophila"
462:
drugs are also effective. In general, patients with symptoms of HGA and unexplained fever after a tick exposure should receive empiric doxycycline therapy while their diagnostic tests are pending, especially if they experience
246:, obligate bacterium of neutrophils. It causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis, which is a tick-borne rickettsial disease. Because this bacterium invades neutrophils, it has a unique adaptation and pathogenetic mechanism.
371:). The bacterium adheres to PSGL-1 (CD162) through the 44-kDa major surface protein-2 (Msp2). After the bacterium enters the cell, the endosome stops maturation and does not accumulate markers of late endosomes or
398:
assembly. It also disrupts normal neutrophil function, such as endothelial cell adhesion, transmigration, motility, degranulation, respiratory burst, and phagocytosis. It causes an increase in the secretion of
419:
Indirect immunofluorescence assay is the principal test used to detect infection. The acute and convalescent phase serum samples can be evaluated to look for a four-fold change in antibody titer to
257:
is a small, obligate, intracellular bacterium with a Gram-negative cell wall. It is 0.2–1.0 μm and lacks a lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic machinery. The bacterium first resides in an early
458:
therapy, 100 mg twice daily until the patient's fever subsides for at least 3 days. This drug has been the most beneficial to those patients infected with the bacteria. Some other
852:
261:, where it acquires nutrients for binary fission and grows into small groups called morulae. This bacterium prefers to grow within myeloid or granulocytic cells.
2500:
646:
Brown, Wendy C.; Barbet, Anthony F. (2016-02-15). "Persistent
Infections and Immunity in Ruminants to Arthropod-Borne Bacteria in the Family Anaplasmataceae".
845:
745:
390:
This bacterium has the ability to affect neutrophils by altering their function. It can survive the first encounter with the host cell by detoxifying
403:, a chemoattractant that increases the phagocytosis of neutrophils. The purpose of this is to increase bacterial dissemination into the neutrophil.
2474:
838:
2513:
777:
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2487:
2018:
2492:
32:
1668:
1413:
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648:
1094:
1222:
865:
367:
is known to help in the transfer of molecules between the bacterium and the host. The most studied ligand is PSGL-1 (
1658:
368:
1663:
1204:
233:
2518:
753:
1236:
830:
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1052:
2222:
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61:
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binds to fucosylated and sialylated scaffold proteins on neutrophil and granulocyte surfaces. A
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1932:
1926:
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491:
395:
2195:
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1982:
1612:
1438:
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1216:
976:
930:
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285:. Cattle infections had been suspected but were only first confirmed by Nieder et al. 2012.
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1004:
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48:(indicated by arrows) which are basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions when stained with
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340:(a type of white blood cell) from the peripheral blood and synovial fluid. It can cause
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1734:
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2004:
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535:
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2123:
2028:
1968:
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1509:
1479:
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475:
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Intracellular
Inclusions (morulae) are visualized in granulocytes on Wright- or
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1998:
1992:
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83:
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113:
103:
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823:
746:"Human Anaplasmosis Information for Health Professionals: Diagnostic tests"
720:
681:
632:
614:
549:
487:
459:
427:
329:
297:
217:
814:
797:
699:
specifically induces tyrosine phosphorylation of ROCK1 during infection".
2420:
1914:
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510:
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391:
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337:
321:
301:
2102:
1954:
1622:
1563:
1444:
798:"Nosocomial transmission of human granulocytic anaplasmosis in China"
375:. Because of this, the vacuole does not become acidified or fused to
123:
2382:
2405:
1538:
593:
Dumler JS, Choi KS, Garcia-Garcia JC, et al. (December 2005).
376:
341:
325:
258:
229:
73:
2129:
2075:
1429:
1394:
571:
317:
209:
2453:
907:
345:
274:
316:
The disease is multisystemic, but the most severe changes are
278:
270:
41:
282:
592:
208:) is a Gram-negative bacterium that is unusual in its
522:
Dumler JS, Barbet AF, Bekker CP, et al. (2001).
433:
Polymerase chain reaction assays are used to detect
796:Zhang L, Liu Y, Ni D, et al. (November 2008).
332:, another tick-borne illness. It is a vector-borne
521:
387:or when the bacteria leave to infect other cells.
2546:
2306:
752:. Minnesota Department of Health. Archived from
639:
740:
738:
846:
411:These tests can be performed to determine an
694:
311:
735:
645:
853:
839:
795:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
31:
813:
788:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
622:
563:
561:
559:
539:
328:, which can be confused with symptoms of
440:
288:
577:
406:
2547:
556:
355:
336:whose morula can be visualized within
2387:
2386:
2019:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
834:
595:"Human granulocytic anaplasmosis and
449:
1404:Neisseria meningitidis/meningococcus
666:10.1146/annurev-animal-022513-114206
649:Annual Review of Animal Biosciences
504:
220:in sheep and cattle, also known as
13:
866:Gram-negative bacterial infections
14:
2571:
1223:Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
771:
695:Thomas V, Fikrig E (July 2007). "
1439:Neisseria gonorrhoeae/gonococcus
1414:Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome
713:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.00908.x
474:In animals, antibiotics such as
308:, and mild injury to the liver.
162:(Foggie 1949) Dumler et al. 2001
60:
1205:Human granulocytic anaplasmosis
234:human granulocytic anaplasmosis
1237:Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection
781:phagocytophilum HZ Genome Page
688:
515:
511:Page Anaplasma on lpsn.dsmz.de
177:Rickettsia phagocytophila ovis
1:
1053:Flinders Island spotted fever
528:Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol
497:
352:, and weak or painful limbs.
2223:Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
1547:Burkholderia cepacia complex
983:Rocky Mountain spotted fever
396:neutrophil phagocyte oxidase
7:
1884:Far East scarlet-like fever
1878:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
1494:Chromobacteriosis infection
574:, accessed 12 October 2011.
365:type IV secretion apparatus
10:
2576:
2560:Bacteria described in 1949
570:reviewed and published by
541:10.1099/00207713-51-6-2145
454:Patients with HGA undergo
296:causes human granulocytic
249:
2427:Anaplasma phagocytophilum
2397:Anaplasma phagocytophilum
2395:
2297:
2259:
2232:
2212:
2168:
2113:
2086:
2041:
2015:
1979:
1911:
1902:
1794:
1759:
1750:
1707:
1684:Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
1602:
1587:
1578:
1519:Burkholderia pseudomallei
1508:
1488:Chromobacterium violaceum
1455:
1428:
1418:Meningococcal septicaemia
1393:
1384:
1375:
1287:
1260:
1251:
1199:Anaplasma phagocytophilum
1184:
1149:
1108:
966:
955:
906:
890:
881:
872:
786:Anaplasma+phagocytophilum
697:Anaplasma phagocytophilum
597:Anaplasma phagocytophilum
312:Clinical signs in animals
205:Ehrlichia phagocytophilum
199:Anaplasma phagocytophilum
189:Cytoecetes phagocytophila
185:Cytoecetes phagocytophila
181:Rickettsia phagocytophila
174:
167:
156:Anaplasma phagocytophilum
152:
145:
57:Scientific classification
55:
46:Anaplasma phagocytophilum
39:
30:
25:Anaplasma phagocytophilum
23:
2506:anaplasma-phagocytophila
2159:Plesiomonas shigelloides
1941:Brazilian purpuric fever
1558:Bordetella parapertussis
1347:Bartonella bacilliformis
1166:Flea-borne spotted fever
1096:Rickettsia aeschlimannii
1089:Rickettsia aeschlimannii
1081:American tick bite fever
790:Medical Subject Headings
264:
2327:Guillain–Barré syndrome
2243:Cardiobacterium hominis
2203:Acinetobacter baumannii
2145:Vibrio parahaemolyticus
1864:Yersinia enterocolitica
1631:Klebsiella granulomatis
1067:African tick bite fever
1025:North Asian tick typhus
324:. This organism causes
138:A. phagocytophilum
2179:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
2097:Francisella tularensis
2056:Legionella longbeachae
2052:Legionella pneumophila
1694:Enterobacter aerogenes
1339:Bacillary angiomatosis
1133:Orientia tsutsugamushi
1039:Queensland tick typhus
1011:Japanese spotted fever
945:Flying squirrel typhus
615:10.3201/eid1112.050898
446:
228:, and also causes the
2196:Moraxella catarrhalis
2062:Legionnaires' disease
1983:Pasteurella multocida
1613:Klebsiella pneumoniae
1410:Meningococcal disease
1217:Ehrlichia chaffeensis
977:Rickettsia rickettsii
941:Brill–Zinsser disease
931:Rickettsia prowazekii
815:10.1001/jama.2008.626
444:
430:stained blood smears.
289:Role in human disease
2357:Helicobacter cinaedi
2317:Campylobacter jejuni
2270:Aeromonas hydrophila
2152:Vibrio alginolyticus
1803:Shigella dysenteriae
1741:Citrobacter freundii
1698:Enterobacter cloacae
1554:Bordetella pertussis
1033:Rickettsia australis
603:Emerging Infect. Dis
407:Laboratory diagnosis
16:Species of bacterium
2335:Helicobacter pylori
1825:Bacillary dysentery
1770:Salmonella enterica
1718:Serratia marcescens
1637:Granuloma inguinale
1533:Burkholderia mallei
1468:Eikenella corrodens
1316:Bartonella quintana
1308:Cat-scratch disease
1302:Bartonella henselae
1019:Rickettsia sibirica
1005:Rickettsia japonica
478:, sulphamethazine,
383:then divides until
356:Bacterial mechanism
294:A. phagocytophilum
94:Alphaproteobacteria
50:Wright-Giemsa stain
2323:Campylobacteriosis
2234:Cardiobacteriaceae
1735:Citrobacter koseri
1645:Klebsiella oxytoca
1075:Rickettsia parkeri
1061:Rickettsia africae
991:Rickettsia conorii
450:Antibiotic therapy
447:
435:A. phagocytophilum
421:A. phagocytophilum
413:A. phagocytophilum
381:A. phagocytophilum
361:A. phagocytophilum
255:A. phagocytophilum
240:A. phagocytophilum
2542:
2541:
2527:Open Tree of Life
2389:Taxon identifiers
2380:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2308:Campylobacterales
2293:
2292:
2274:Aeromonas veronii
2138:Vibrio vulnificus
2070:Coxiella burnetii
2037:
2036:
1963:H. parainfluenzae
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1833:Proteus mirabilis
1780:Paratyphoid fever
1669:Enterohemorrhagic
1589:Enterobacteriales
1574:
1573:
1504:
1503:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1353:Carrion's disease
1247:
1246:
1231:Ehrlichia ewingii
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
997:Boutonneuse fever
534:(Pt 6): 2145–65.
195:
194:
44:cells containing
2567:
2535:
2534:
2522:
2521:
2509:
2508:
2496:
2495:
2483:
2482:
2470:
2469:
2457:
2456:
2444:
2443:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2384:
2383:
2304:
2303:
2214:Xanthomonadaceae
2022:
2005:Actinobacillosis
1986:
1919:
1909:
1908:
1839:Proteus vulgaris
1757:
1756:
1654:Escherichia coli
1600:
1599:
1585:
1584:
1460:
1391:
1390:
1382:
1381:
1271:Brucella abortus
1258:
1257:
1253:Hyphomicrobiales
1160:Rickettsia felis
1119:Rickettsia akari
1047:Rickettsia honei
964:
963:
917:Rickettsia typhi
904:
903:
888:
887:
879:
878:
855:
848:
841:
832:
831:
827:
817:
765:
764:
762:
761:
742:
733:
732:
692:
686:
685:
643:
637:
636:
626:
590:
575:
568:Tick-Borne Fever
565:
554:
553:
543:
519:
513:
508:
494:have been used.
469:thrombocytopenia
350:loss of appetite
334:zoonotic disease
306:thrombocytopenia
222:tick-borne fever
158:
65:
64:
35:
21:
20:
2575:
2574:
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2425:
2424:
2419:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2391:
2381:
2372:
2289:
2255:
2228:
2208:
2170:Pseudomonadales
2164:
2124:Vibrio cholerae
2109:
2082:
2033:
2016:
2011:
1980:
1975:
1912:
1890:
1846:Yersinia pestis
1790:
1746:
1703:
1659:Enterotoxigenic
1591:
1570:
1510:Burkholderiales
1500:
1474:Kingella kingae
1456:
1451:
1424:
1363:
1357:Verruga peruana
1283:
1243:
1186:Anaplasmataceae
1172:
1145:
1104:
958:
951:
937:Epidemic typhus
895:
868:
859:
808:(19): 2263–70.
774:
769:
768:
759:
757:
744:
743:
736:
701:Cell. Microbiol
693:
689:
644:
640:
609:(12): 1828–34.
591:
578:
566:
557:
520:
516:
509:
505:
500:
476:oxytetracycline
452:
409:
358:
314:
291:
267:
252:
187:
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179:
163:
160:
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141:
59:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2353:
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2351:
2349:Gastric cancer
2331:
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2329:
2312:
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2301:
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2209:
2207:
2206:
2199:
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2174:
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2165:
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2110:
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2039:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2025:
2023:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2007:
1999:Actinobacillus
1995:
1993:Pasteurellosis
1989:
1987:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1922:
1920:
1906:
1904:Pasteurellales
1900:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1856:Bubonic plague
1842:
1829:
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1827:
1798:
1796:
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1705:
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1701:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1664:Enteroinvasive
1661:
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1641:
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1639:
1627:
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1625:
1608:
1606:
1597:
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1501:
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1343:
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1341:
1326:
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1324:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1293:
1291:
1289:Bartonellaceae
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1266:
1264:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
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1188:
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1168:
1155:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1125:Rickettsialpox
1114:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1015:
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1013:
1001:
1000:
999:
987:
986:
985:
972:
970:
961:
953:
952:
950:
949:
948:
947:
927:
926:
925:
912:
910:
901:
892:Rickettsiaceae
885:
876:
870:
869:
862:Pseudomonadota
858:
857:
850:
843:
835:
829:
828:
793:
783:
773:
772:External links
770:
767:
766:
734:
687:
658:Annual Reviews
638:
576:
555:
514:
502:
501:
499:
496:
480:sulphadimidine
451:
448:
439:
438:
431:
424:
408:
405:
373:phagolysosomes
357:
354:
313:
310:
290:
287:
269:Hosts include
266:
263:
251:
248:
193:
192:
172:
171:
165:
164:
161:
150:
149:
143:
142:
135:
133:
129:
128:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
84:Pseudomonadota
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
53:
52:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2572:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2555:Rickettsiales
2553:
2552:
2550:
2533:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2345:MALT lymphoma
2342:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2261:Aeromonadales
2258:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2088:Thiotrichales
2085:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2043:Legionellales
2040:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2014:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1927:H. influenzae
1924:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1785:
1784:Salmonellosis
1781:
1777:
1776:Typhoid fever
1774:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1714:
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1710:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1691:
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1677:
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1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1656:
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1651:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1619:Rhinoscleroma
1617:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1469:
1465:
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1462:
1459:
1454:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1297:Bartonellosis
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1002:
998:
995:
994:
993:
992:
988:
984:
981:
980:
979:
978:
974:
973:
971:
969:
965:
962:
960:
954:
946:
942:
938:
935:
934:
933:
932:
928:
924:
923:Murine typhus
921:
920:
919:
918:
914:
913:
911:
909:
905:
902:
899:
898:Rickettsioses
893:
889:
886:
884:
883:Rickettsiales
880:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
856:
851:
849:
844:
842:
837:
836:
833:
825:
821:
816:
811:
807:
803:
799:
794:
791:
787:
784:
782:
780:
776:
775:
756:on 2019-02-13
755:
751:
747:
741:
739:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
707:(7): 1730–7.
706:
702:
698:
691:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
650:
642:
634:
630:
625:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
598:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
573:
569:
564:
562:
560:
551:
547:
542:
537:
533:
529:
525:
518:
512:
507:
503:
495:
493:
492:sulphonamides
489:
485:
481:
477:
472:
470:
466:
461:
457:
443:
436:
432:
429:
425:
422:
418:
417:
416:
414:
404:
402:
397:
393:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
262:
260:
256:
247:
245:
244:Gram-negative
241:
237:
235:
231:
227:
226:pasture fever
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
206:
201:
200:
191:
190:
186:
182:
178:
173:
170:
166:
159:
157:
151:
148:
147:Binomial name
144:
140:
139:
134:
131:
130:
127:
126:
122:
119:
118:
115:
114:Ehrlichiaceae
112:
109:
108:
105:
104:Rickettsiales
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
82:
79:
78:
75:
72:
69:
68:
63:
58:
54:
51:
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
2396:
2364:Helicobacter
2363:
2355:
2341:Peptic ulcer
2333:
2315:
2280:
2268:
2241:
2221:
2201:
2194:
2185:
2177:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2122:
2115:Vibrionaceae
2095:
2068:
2050:
2017:
1997:
1981:
1961:
1947:
1933:
1925:
1913:
1876:
1862:
1844:
1837:
1831:
1801:
1768:
1739:
1733:
1724:
1716:
1692:
1652:
1643:
1629:
1611:
1552:
1545:
1531:
1517:
1486:
1472:
1466:
1457:
1437:
1402:
1386:Neisseriales
1345:
1333:
1329:
1322:Trench fever
1314:
1300:
1269:
1262:Brucellaceae
1229:
1215:
1209:Anaplasmosis
1198:
1197:
1194:Ehrlichiosis
1158:
1139:Scrub typhus
1131:
1117:
1095:
1087:
1073:
1059:
1045:
1031:
1017:
1003:
989:
975:
929:
915:
864:-associated
805:
801:
778:
758:. Retrieved
754:the original
749:
704:
700:
696:
690:
653:
647:
641:
606:
602:
596:
531:
527:
517:
506:
488:trimethoprim
473:
460:tetracycline
453:
434:
420:
412:
410:
394:produced by
389:
380:
360:
359:
330:Lyme disease
315:
298:anaplasmosis
293:
292:
268:
254:
253:
239:
238:
225:
221:
218:anaplasmosis
216:. It causes
204:
203:
198:
197:
196:
188:
184:
180:
176:
175:
155:
153:
137:
136:
124:
45:
24:
18:
2421:Wikispecies
2186:Pseudomonas
1934:Haemophilus
1915:Haemophilus
1870:Yersiniosis
1821:Shigellosis
1525:Melioidosis
1334:B. quintana
1330:B. henselae
1277:Brucellosis
660:: 177–197.
484:doxycycline
456:doxycycline
445:Doxycycline
415:infection:
338:neutrophils
214:neutrophils
2549:Categories
2366:cellulitis
1949:H. ducreyi
1936:meningitis
1458:ungrouped:
1151:Flea-borne
1110:Mite-borne
968:Tick-borne
760:2011-04-27
498:References
465:leukopenia
392:superoxide
385:cell lysis
322:leukopenia
302:leucopenia
202:(formerly
2283:infection
2281:Aeromonas
2188:infection
2103:Tularemia
1955:Chancroid
1727:infection
1709:Slow/weak
1623:Pneumonia
1564:Pertussis
1445:Gonorrhea
1098:infection
779:Anaplasma
674:2165-8102
377:lysosomes
132:Species:
125:Anaplasma
2480:10928238
2406:Wikidata
1811:flexneri
1725:Serratia
1539:Glanders
824:19017912
750:Diseases
729:20043230
721:17346310
682:26734888
633:16485466
550:11760958
342:lethargy
326:lameness
259:endosome
232:disease
230:zoonotic
169:Synonyms
110:Family:
80:Phylum:
74:Bacteria
70:Domain:
2467:8315208
2412:Q292189
2130:Cholera
2076:Q fever
1679:O104:H4
1674:O157:H7
1328:Either
957:Spotted
624:3367650
572:WikiVet
467:and/or
428:Giemsa-
318:anaemia
250:Biology
210:tropism
120:Genus:
100:Order:
90:Class:
2532:904893
2493:959387
2454:976561
1852:Plague
1815:boydii
1807:sonnei
908:Typhus
822:
792:(MeSH)
727:
719:
680:
672:
631:
621:
548:
486:, and
346:ataxia
275:cattle
40:Human
2475:IRMNG
2441:66L9V
2249:HACEK
2029:HACEK
1969:HACEK
1480:HACEK
959:fever
725:S2CID
656:(1).
369:CD162
279:horse
265:Hosts
242:is a
2514:NCBI
2501:LPSN
2488:ITIS
2462:GBIF
1795:H2S−
1761:H2S+
1752:Lac−
1604:Lac+
820:PMID
802:JAMA
717:PMID
678:PMID
670:ISSN
629:PMID
546:PMID
437:DNA.
401:IL-8
320:and
281:and
271:goat
224:and
42:HL60
2519:948
2449:EoL
2436:CoL
1594:OX−
1332:or
810:doi
806:300
709:doi
662:doi
619:PMC
611:doi
536:doi
283:dog
212:to
2551::
2529::
2516::
2503::
2490::
2477::
2464::
2451::
2438::
2423::
2408::
2347:,
2343:,
2325:,
1823:,
1782:,
1778:,
1657::
1621:,
1430:M−
1416:,
1412:,
1395:M+
1355:,
1299::
1207:,
1196::
943:,
939:,
818:.
804:.
800:.
748:.
737:^
723:.
715:.
703:.
676:.
668:.
652:.
627:.
617:.
607:11
605:.
601:.
579:^
558:^
544:.
532:51
530:.
526:.
482:,
471:.
379:.
348:,
344:,
304:,
277:,
273:,
236:.
2299:ε
2272:/
2054:/
1917::
1854:/
1836:/
1813:/
1809:/
1805:/
1738:/
1696:/
1596:)
1592:(
1580:γ
1556:/
1471:/
1377:β
900:)
896:(
894:/
874:α
854:e
847:t
840:v
826:.
812::
763:.
731:.
711::
705:9
684:.
664::
654:4
635:.
613::
599:"
552:.
538::
490:-
423:.
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