Veneration of the dead

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as donations and other good works done in their name. This is similar to Japanese practices and other ancestral veneration practices overall. These good deeds done in the name of the dead are reciprocated by the dead's prayers to God for the living. There are taboos and injunctions the living must follow, particularly in regard to their direct ancestors: not to use the remains of coffin wood for other purposes, to bury the dead in a proper shroud, and not to eat or drink at the beginning and/or close of Shabbat, as that is when spirits of the dead are believed to eat, drink, and bathe. One who eats during this time has stolen from the spirits, and one who drinks at the beginning of Shabbat risks ingesting contaminated bathing water.

54: 2396: 2938:, one of the greatest companions of the Prophet. Abu Ayyub al-Ansariyy replied, “Yes, I know what I am doing. I came here for the Messenger of Allah–not for the stone.” By this he meant he was seeking the blessings from the presence of the Prophet, not for the stone covering his grave. Abu Ayyub al-Ansariyy continued his response with what he heard the Messenger of Allah say: “Do not cry over the Religion of Islam if the rulers are ruling correctly. Rather, cry over this Religion if the rulers are ruling incorrectly.” By his response, Abu Ayyub was telling Marwan Ibn al-Hakam: “You are not one of those rulers who are correctly ruling by the rules of Islam." 2142: 1656: 1280:. However, in other cultures, this act of worship does not confer any belief that the departed ancestors have become some kind of deity. Rather, the act is a way to express filial duty, devotion and respect and look after ancestors in their afterlives as well as seek their guidance for their living descendants. In this regard, many cultures and religions have similar practices. Some may visit the graves of their parents or other ancestors, leave flowers and pray to them in order to honor and remember them, while also asking their ancestors to continue to look after them. However, this would not be considered as worshipping them since the term 1577: 1393: 1445:

residence. This ghost was considered both powerful and something for others to fear. These ghosts are not necessarily saints (in fact, those who hold these beliefs believe very holy persons never possess others in this way, as they are always in the presence of God), but like saints, they function as intermediaries with God. In some cases these may be family shrines, which are not frequented by outsiders, but some (usually older shrines) are frequented by many. When asking for aid from one of these spirits, one may often pledge an animal sacrifice upon aid being rendered, which is also done with saints.

3237: 3065:" and that to die and be with God is a better existence than an earthly one was relatively unknown among the ancient Egyptians. This was not to say that they were unacquainted with the harshness of life; rather, their ethos included a sense of continuity between this life and the next. The Egyptian people loved the culture, customs and religion of their daily lives so much that they wanted to continue them in the next—although some might hope for a better station in the Beautiful West (Egyptian afterlife). 2193:. There can be multiple locations in the spirit world, varying in different ethnic groups. Which place souls end up in depends on how they died, the age at death, or conduct of the person when they were alive. Souls reunite with deceased relatives in the underworld and lead normal lives in the underworld as they did in the material world. In some cases, the souls of evil people undergo penance and cleansing before they are granted entrance into a particular spirit realm. Souls would eventually 2404: 1497: 6539: 1920: 2767: 7700: 6842: 6457: 5879: 1812: 9377: 1488:) are presumed to be especially active. In order to combat this, food-offerings are made to benefit them, some of these ghosts having the opportunity to end their period of purgation, whereas others are imagined to leave hell temporarily, to then return to endure more suffering; without much explanation, relatives who are not in hell (who are in heaven or otherwise reincarnated) are also generally imagined to benefit from the ceremonies. 2991: 2826: 2590: 1200: 7815: 2447: 1545:) seek to honour and recollect the actions of the deceased; they represent the ultimate homage to the dead. The importance of paying respect to parents (and elders) lies with the fact that all physical bodily aspects of one's being were created by one's parents, who continued to tend to one's well-being until one was on firm footing. The respect and homage to parents is to return this gracious deed to them in life and after. The 5210: 1417:, whereby a deceased family member's remains may be exhumed to be periodically re-wrapped in fresh silk shrouds before being replaced in the tomb. The famadihana is an occasion to celebrate the beloved ancestor's memory, reunite with family and community, and enjoy a festive atmosphere. Residents of surrounding villages are often invited to attend the party, where food and rum are typically served and a 2950:

of similar practice was likely seen as acceptable in Israelite religion until King Josiah's reign. In Biblical literature, and in contemporary prayer, the ancestors, particularly Abraham, Moses, Aaron, Jacob/Israel, or "the Patriarchs" and "the Matriarchs", are often referred to. Stress is placed on the identity of the Jewish people as being the "seed", "house", or "children" of these figures.

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cultures, the purpose of ancestor veneration is not to ask for favors but to do one's filial duty. Some cultures believe that their ancestors actually need to be provided for by their descendants, and their practices include offerings of food and other provisions. Others do not believe that the ancestors are even aware of what their descendants do for them, but that the expression of

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always blesses the family. So every Ahom family in order to worship the dead establish a pillar on the opposite side of the kitchen (Barghar) which is called ‘Damkhuta’ where they worship the dead with various offerings like homemade wine, mah-prasad, rice with various items of meat and fish. Me-Dam-Me-Phi, a ritual centred on commemorating the dead, is celebrated by the

2482:. The evening before All Saints'—"All Hallows Eve" or "Hallowe'en"—is unofficially the Catholic day to remember the realities of Hell, to mourn the souls lost to evil, and to remember ways to avoid Hell . It is commonly celebrated in the United States and parts of the United Kingdom in a spirit of light-hearted horror and fear, which is marked by the recounting of 2747:(in France, Belgium, the United Kingdom, the Philippines, Panama, Italy, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, and Tunisia). It is also common practice among veterans to memorialize fallen service members on the dates of their death. This practice is also common in other countries when remembering Americans who died in battles to liberate their towns in the 3261:, like many Mediterranean societies, regarded the bodies of the dead as polluting. During Rome's Classical period, the body was most often cremated, and the ashes placed in a tomb outside the city walls. Much of the month of February was devoted to purifications, propitiation, and veneration of the dead, especially at the nine-day 1427:, taboos that are respected during and after the lifetime of the person who establishes them. It is widely believed that by showing respect for ancestors in these ways, they may intervene on behalf of the living. Conversely, misfortunes are often attributed to ancestors whose memory or wishes have been neglected. The sacrifice of 1686:, in which the family makes offerings to the deceased. During these rituals, the family prepares the food items that the deceased liked and offers food to the deceased. They offer this food to crows as well on certain days as it is believed that the soul comes in the form of a bird to taste it. They are also obliged to offer 2331:. Filipinos traditionally observe this day by visiting the family dead, cleaning and repairing their tombs. Common offerings are prayers, flowers, candles, and even food, while many also spend the remainder of the day and ensuing night holding reunions at the graveyard, playing games and music or singing. 2949:

Judaism, like Islam, has a complicated relationship to ancestor veneration/worship, grave shrines, and other related concepts. It is thought ancient Israelite religion and Pre-Israelite Cannanites practiced a form of ancestor worship in which ancestors were raised to the status of gods, and some form

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Before the introduction of Buddhism to Japan, ancestor worship and funerary rites were not common, especially for non-elites. In the Heian Period, abandonment was a common method of disposing of the dead. Following the advent of Buddhism, rituals were sometimes performed at the gravesite after burial

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on 31 January every year in memory of the departed. It is the manifestation of the concept of ancestor worship that the Ahoms share with other peoples originating from the Tai-Shan stock. It is a festival to show respect to the departed ancestors and remember their contribution to society. On the day

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In the United States and Canada, flowers, wreaths, grave decorations and sometimes candles, food, small pebbles, or items the dead valued in life are put on graves year-round as a way to honor the dead. These traditions originate in the diverse cultural backgrounds of the current populations of both

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It is thought that the word Sheol (the afterlife referred to in Biblical literature) comes from the word meaning "to inquire". Pre-Israelite Cannanites gave their ancestors offerings of food and drink, as well as symbolic vessel offerings which, even empty, provided both in the afterlife. In light

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Two prayers- Kaddish and Yizkor- are recited on behalf of the dead by Rabbinic Jews, including on anniversaries of a death. For some, the performance of prayers, especially prayers in their first year after death from their children, are thought to positively impact God's judgement of them, as well

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or deities. In some Afro-diasporic cultures, ancestors are seen as being able to intercede on behalf of the living, often as messengers between humans and God. As spirits who were once human themselves, they are seen as being better able to understand human needs than would a divine being. In other

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Filipino people still hold ancestors in particular esteem—though without the formality common to their neighbours—despite having been Christianised since coming into contact with Spanish missionaries in 1521. In the present day, ancestor veneration is expressed in having photographs of the dead by

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is based on ancestor-worship. The Ahoms believe that a person after his death remains as ‘Dam’(ancestor) only for a few days and soon he becomes ‘Phi’ (God). They also believe that the soul of a person which is immortal unites with the supreme soul, possesses the qualities of a spiritual being and

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entwined with veneration of the dead, which one academic referred to as "ghost riders". A ghost who came to possess a person would be honored with a dedicated grave monument or sanctuary, where locals would make offerings and swear oaths. Those who swore false oaths may be punished by the ghost in

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Ancestor veneration is prevalent throughout Africa, and serves as the basis of many religions. It is often augmented by a belief in a supreme being, but prayers and/or sacrifices are usually offered to the ancestors who may ascend to becoming a kind of minor deities themselves. Ancestor veneration

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even invited passers-by to speak aloud the names of the deceased within (which also helped to perpetuate their memory), and to offer water, prayers or other things if they so desired. In the private homes of the less wealthy, niches were carved into the walls for the purpose of housing images of

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In contemporary Rabbinic Judaism, visiting the graves of tzaddikim (righteous figures akin to saints) has long remained popular, including the graves of ancestral figures like Abraham and Esther. These visits may also be accompanied by petitions of the dead, as their elevated status is thought to

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Americans of various religions and cultures may build a shrine in their home dedicated to loved ones who have died, with pictures of their ancestors, flowers and mementos. Increasingly, many roadside shrines may be seen for deceased relatives who died in car accidents or were killed on that spot,

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are left for them. On the festival day, ancient people would extinguish the hearth fires in their homes, participate in a community bonfire festival, and then carry a flame home from the communal fire and use it to light their home fires anew. This custom has continued to some extent into modern

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are provided so that the deceased will be able to have these items after they have died. Often, paper versions of these objects are burned for the same purpose. Originally, real-life objects were buried with the dead. In time these goods were replaced by full size clay models which in turn were

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Although there is no generally accepted theory concerning the origins of ancestor veneration, this social phenomenon appears in some form in all human cultures documented so far. David-Barrett and Carney claim that ancestor veneration might have served a group coordination role during

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waited patiently behind Wesir's judgment seat to consume them. She was a composite creature resembling three of the deadliest animals in Egypt: the crocodile, the hippopotamus and the lion. Being fed to Ammit was to be consigned to the Eternal Void, to be "unmade" as a

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These offerings and practices are done frequently during important traditional or religious celebrations, the starting of a new business, or even when a family member needs guidance or counsel and is a hallmark of the emphasis Vietnamese culture places on filial duty.

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memorial stones are associated with ancestral worship in western India. These memorials are worshipped by people of associated community or descendants of a person on special days such as death day of person, event anniversaries, festivals, auspicious days in Kartika,

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A significant distinguishing feature of Vietnamese ancestor veneration is that women have traditionally been allowed to participate and co-officiate ancestral rites, unlike in Chinese Confucian doctrine, which allows only male descendants to perform such rites.

3077:(soul) of the deceased could return to receive offerings of the things s/he enjoyed while alive. If mummification was not affordable, a "ka-statue" in the likeness of the deceased was carved for this purpose. The Blessed Dead were collectively called the 3269:

during which a family honored its ancestors. The family visited the cemetery and shared cake and wine, both in the form of offerings to the dead and as a meal among themselves. The Parentalia drew to a close on February 21 with the more somber

2782:. While there is no clear answer as to why, this custom of leaving pebbles may date back to biblical days when individuals were buried under piles of stones. Today, they are left as tokens that people have been there to visit and to remember. 1431:

is a traditional method used to appease or honor the ancestors. Small, everyday gestures of respect include throwing the first capful of a newly opened bottle of rum into the northeast corner of the room to give the ancestors their due share.

1803:, the lover's skeletons of a man between 35 and 40 years old and women in early 20s were found who were likely married to each other and buried together, their grave contained pots which likely carried food and water as offering to the dead. 1604:. Due to the hardships of the late 19th- and 20th-century China, when meat and poultry were difficult to come by, sumptuous feasts are still offered in some Asian countries as a practice to the spirits or ancestors. However, in the orthodox 2961:- the merit of one's ancestors, used to explain both a belief that the dead pray on behalf of the deceased, and a prayer to God to remember the good deeds of one's ancestors and be merciful in judgement- into the related idea of 2470:), or "The Day of the Dead", is the day when all of the faithful dead are remembered. On that day, families go to cemeteries to light candles for their dead relatives, leave them flowers, and often to picnic. They also celebrate 1169:

is to ensure the ancestors' continued well-being and positive disposition towards the living, and sometimes to ask for special favours or assistance. The social or non-religious function of ancestor veneration is to cultivate

2934:–that he once passed by the grave of the Prophet and saw a man with his cheek on the grave of the Prophet. Marwan Ibn al-Hakam asked: “Do you know what you are doing?” Nearing the grave, Marwan Ibn al-Hakam realized it was 2337:, meanwhile, have the most apparent and distinct customs related to ancestor veneration, carried over from traditional Chinese religion and most often melded with their current Catholic faith. Many still burn incense and 2189:(lit. "guardian" or "caretaker"). They can be the spirits of actual ancestors or generalized guardian spirits of a family. Ancient Filipinos believed that upon death, the soul of a person travels (usually by boat) to a 2426:, and great platters of food are made as offerings on the ancestor altar, which usually has pictures or plaques with the names of the deceased. In the case of missing persons, believed to be dead by their family, a 2293:, "fetch") by the spirits of dead relatives. It is said that when the dying call out the names of deceased loved ones, they can see the spirits of those particular people waiting at the foot of the deathbed. 2969:

give them more direct access to God. Rabbinic Jews stress that they do not worship the dead, and only respect and honor them- a distinction made by other cultures, including Japanese and African cultures.

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at each grave. Memorial Day is traditionally observed on the last Monday in May, allotting for a 3-day weekend in which many memorial services and parades take place not only across the country, but in 26

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Native Americans were not heavily concerned with the veneration of the dead, though they were known to bury the dead with clothes and tools as well as occasionally leave food and drink at the gravesite;

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ceremony, the ancestral spirit supposedly would enter the personator, who would eat and drink sacrificial offerings and convey spiritual messages. Spiritual messages usually were conveyed in the form of

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can be used to appease or banish them. Ancestor spirits also figured prominently during illness or death, as they were believed to be the ones who call the soul to the underworld, guide the soul (a

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pp. 197–216: Ross, Anne "Material Culture, Myth and Folk Memory" (on modern survivals); pp. 217–242: Danaher, Kevin "Irish Folk Tradition and the Celtic Calendar" (on specific customs and rituals)

1694:. Only after these rituals are the family members allowed to eat. It is believed that this reminds the ancestors's spirits that they are not forgotten and are loved, so it brings them peace. On 6871: 1165:

cultures (which includes but should be distinguished from multiple cultures and Indigenous populations in the Americas who were never influenced by the African Diaspora), the goal of ancestor

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of one's loved one was always an important occasion. Besides an essential gathering of family members for a banquet in memory of the deceased, incense sticks are burned along with

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language overnight (continuously, without sleeping) in prelude to the gates of hell opening, an event that is presumed to occur once a year, and is linked to the cosmology of King

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of this, "honor thy father and mother", is thought by some to have referenced this practice, particularly as it predates the ban of ancestor worship and necromancy by Josiah.

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The majority of Catholics, Buddhists and nonbelievers practise ancestral rites, although Protestants do not. The Catholic ban on ancestral rituals was lifted in 1939, when the

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the home altar, a common fixture in many Filipino Christian homes. Candles are often kept burning before the photographs, which are sometimes decorated with garlands of fresh

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were housing in the Hereafter and so they were carefully constructed and decorated, just as homes for the living were. Mummification was a way to preserve the corpse so the

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Ashkenazi Jews commonly name children after dead relatives, and are hoped to embody those dead's positive traits. Eastern European Jews specifically transform the concept of

2726:

is a Federal holiday for remembering the deceased men and women who served in the nation's military, particularly those who died in war or during active service. In the 147

3615:

Dávid-Barrett, Tamás; Carney, James (2015-08-14). "The deification of historical figures and the emergence of priesthoods as a solution to a network coordination problem".

2373:, lit. "spirit dance" or "ghost dance") takes place. It includes offerings for ancestors with spirit mediums sword fighting, spirit-possessed dancing, and spirit mediums 2060:

Sije (시제, 時祭; also called 사시제 or 四時祭) – seasonal rites held for ancestors who are five or more generations removed (typically performed annually on the tenth lunar month)

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was not properly prepared, this journey could be fraught with dangerous pitfalls and strange demons; hence some of the earliest religious texts discovered, such as the

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people make offerings to their ancestors. Pchum Ben is a time when many Cambodians pay their respects to deceased relatives of up to seven generations. Monks chant the

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to perform prayers and give offerings at their tombs. In return, the priests were allowed to keep a portion of the offerings as payment for services rendered. Some

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Islam has a complex and mixed view on the idea of grave shrines and ancestor worship. The graves of many early Islamic figures are holy sites for Muslims, including

4179: 5597: 1407:. Approximately half of the country's population of 20 million currently practice traditional religion, which tends to emphasize links between the living and the 5408: 4342: 2466:), became known and is still known as the day to specifically venerate those who have died, and who have been deemed official saints by the Church. November 2, ( 2206:

rituals may be used to invoke good ancestor spirits for protection, intercession, or advice. Vengeful spirits of the dead can manifest as apparitions or ghosts (

1182:. Ancestor veneration occurs in societies with every degree of social, political, and technological complexity, and it remains an important component of various 4368: 2069:

Ancestor worship in modern-day Myanmar is largely confined to some ethnic minority communities, but mainstream remnants of it still exist, such as worship of

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Rodney C. Jubilado; Hanafi Hussin & Maria Khristina Manueli (2011). "The Sama-Bajaus of Sulu-Sulawesi Seas: perspectives from linguistics and culture".

5364: 2285:, the national flower. Ancestors, particularly dead parents, are still regarded as psychopomps, as a dying person is said to be brought to the afterlife ( 6547: 2941:

Some followers of Islam are at odds with the concept of saint veneration, but this practice is retained in Turkey, particularly through Alevi Muslims.

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In traditional Chinese culture, sacrifices are sometimes made to altars as food for the deceased. This falls under the modes of communication with the

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may but from the limited perspective of certain Western European Christian traditions, convey a more accurate sense of what practitioners, such as the

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wore the masks and regalia of the dead person's ancestors as the body was carried from the home, through the streets, and to its final resting place.

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were also displayed. The masks, probably modeled of wax from the face of the deceased, were part of the funeral procession when an elite Roman died.

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veneration of the dead finds its greatest expression in the Philippines is the Hallowmas season between 31 October and 2 November, variously called

5635: 5469: 4114: 6493: 5524: 2798: 2168: 7729: 5575: 5540: 5512: 2349:

In Sri Lanka, making offerings to one's ancestors is conducted on the sixth day after death as a part of traditional Sri Lankan funeral rites.

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days, people pray that the souls of ancestors be appeased, forget any animosity and find peace. Each year, on the particular date (as per the

5442: 5425: 5391: 5612: 3496: 4822: 3891: 3568: 3548: 5199: 4671: 3476: 1411:(ancestors). The veneration of ancestors has led to the widespread tradition of tomb building, as well as the highlands practice of the 5592: 4847: 2341:

at family tombs and before photos at home, while they incorporate Chinese practises into Masses held during the All Souls' Day period.

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with many companions and early caliphs. Many other mausoleums are major architectural, political, and cultural sites, including the

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sometimes financed by the state or province as these markers serve as potent reminders to drive cautiously in hazardous areas. The

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Image – Object – Performance: Mediality and Communication in Cultural Contact Zones of Colonial Latin America and the Philippines

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images of deceased kings and their consorts were worshipped three times a year by the royal family, during the Burmese New Year (

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societies, as well as the African and European cultures see themselves as doing. This is consistent with the meaning of the word

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remains among many Africans, sometimes practiced alongside the later adopted religions of Christianity (as in Nigeria among the

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Drixler, Fabian (2019). "Imagined Communities of the Living and the Dead". In Berry, Mary Elizabeth; Yonemoto, Marcia (eds.).

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troupe or other musical entertainment is commonly present. Veneration of ancestors is also demonstrated through adherence to

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disputes the concept of saint veneration. Followers of this movement have destroyed many gravesite shrines, including in

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in Washington, D.C., is particularly known for the leaving of offerings to the deceased; items left are collected by the

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may not always convey such meaning in the exclusive and narrow context of certain Western European Christian traditions.

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Imagined Communities of the Living and the Dead:: The Spread of the Ancestor-Venerating Stem Family in Tokugawa Japan

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Many of these same religious beliefs and ancestor veneration practices are still carried on today in the religion of

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Davies, John; Jenkins, Nigel (2008). The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.

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Although some historians claim that ancient Egyptian society was a "death cult" because of its elaborate tombs and

2622: 1585: 17: 3916: 3307: 2549:, November 1 in Ireland and Scotland, the dead are thought to return to the world of the living, and offerings of 53: 9452: 9187: 7834: 7764: 6913: 6765: 4596: 4307: 2395: 113: 2715:

are also times when relatives and friends of the deceased may gather at the graves of their loved ones. In the

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of Me-Dam Me Phi worship is offered only to Chaufi and Dam Chaufi because they are regarded as gods of heaven.

1676:, which is venerated. When a person dies, the family observes a thirteen-day mourning period, generally called 1221: 490: 7854: 7789: 5811: 3199:"alive" in this life as well as in the next. Royals, nobles and the wealthy made contracts with their local 718: 263: 2719:, one's local parish church often offers prayers for the dead on their death anniversary or All Souls' Day. 7372: 6682: 6672: 5651: 5476: 4527: 2735: 1526: 1521: 198: 7229: 9232: 7799: 7382: 6943: 5709: 2731: 2190: 1309:

in English, that is great respect or reverence caused by the dignity, wisdom, or dedication of a person.

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Indian and Chinese practices of ancestor-worship are prevalent throughout Asia as a result of the large

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Ancestors are widely revered, honoured, and venerated in India. The spirit of a dead person is called a

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deemed worthy to be venerated by the living through rites and offerings. Those who became lost in the

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Most cultures who practice ancestor veneration do not call it "ancestor worship". In English, the word

4435:"Depicting Netherworlds, or the Treatment of the Afterlife in a Colonial Contact Zone: The Paete Case" 2801: 1608:

and Buddhist rituals, only vegetarian food would suffice. For those with deceased in the afterlife or

9447: 9300: 9272: 7745: 6918: 6223: 6208: 6030: 5974: 5570: 5430: 5396: 5386: 4122: 3374: 3355: 3252: 2787: 2739: 1796: 1702:) when the person had died, the family members repeat this ritual. This period falls just before the 1107: 939: 796: 4993: 4210: 4096: 3829: 2647: 2200:

Souls in the spirit world still retain a degree of influence in the material world, and vice versa.

9422: 9227: 7879: 7704: 6528: 6228: 5864: 5283: 3278:, the potentially malevolent spirits of the dead who required propitiation. One of the most common 3001: 2836: 2687:

countries. In the United States, many people honor deceased loved ones who were in the military on

2141: 688: 540: 153: 45: 3574: 9437: 9082: 7569: 6057: 5908: 5837: 5704: 5459: 4574:. Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology, Volume 109. Cambridge University Press. 4050:. Answers from Early Modern Japan (1 ed.). University of California Press. pp. 68–108. 3005: 2840: 2812:

supported a cult of the dead which worshipped or petitioned the dead through ritualistic dances.

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In Vietnam, traditionally people did not celebrate birthdays (before Western influence), but the

1899: 1745:, and elsewhere across the continent. Furthermore, the large Indian population in places such as 1576: 1505: 1392: 1380:(ancient Seereer saints and/or ancestral spirits). There are various types of pangool (singular: 1210: 871: 821: 602: 435: 223: 5964: 4259: 3191:

could suffer after physical death was to be forgotten. For this reason, ancestor veneration in

9427: 9252: 9032: 9017: 8833: 8756: 8034: 7509: 7494: 7387: 6644: 5969: 5464: 5333: 5086: 3502: 1162: 816: 648: 643: 4826: 3984: 3731: 3542: 3175:, the Restless Dead. For the few whose truly evil hearts outweighed the Feather, the goddess 2518:, the autumn ancestor festivals occur around November 1. In Cornwall the festival is known as 2057:

Kije (기제, 忌祭) – household rites held the night before an ancestor's death anniversary (기일, 忌日)

505: 9432: 9402: 7352: 6750: 6732: 6566: 5788: 5196: 4980: 4197: 4010:Ōtō, Osamu (2011). "Life and Death, Funeral Rites and Burial Systems in Early Modern Japan". 3876: 3470: 3369: 3332: 3236: 2791: 1597: 1049: 831: 668: 560: 555: 510: 480: 2390: 9381: 7038: 7023: 6928: 6895: 6318: 6268: 5235: 5163: 3133: 978: 703: 588: 550: 148: 98: 3684: 1633:

replaced by scale models, and in time today's paper offerings (including paper servants).

1568:, or to confirm whether the ancestors consent on the messages requested by the divinator. 8: 8987: 8803: 8791: 7347: 7249: 7211: 7008: 6948: 6433: 6246: 6042: 5842: 5756: 3735: 3449: 3379: 3171:

or deliberately tried to avoid judgment became the unfortunate (and sometimes dangerous)

2935: 2495: 1045: 885: 663: 595: 485: 1179: 9200: 8967: 8219: 7984: 7784: 6938: 6461: 6378: 6020: 6015: 5901: 5761: 5740: 5035: 4939: 4886: 4084: 4061: 3780: 3712: 3640: 3588: 3434: 3073: 2760: 2471: 2463: 2412: 2378: 2320: 2234: 1588:. Some of the veneration includes visiting the deceased at their graves, and making or 1465: 851: 742: 500: 275: 138: 6790: 5016:"The Living and the Dead: A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Jewish Memorial Observances" 4548: 4501: 4253: 3298:

on February 22 was a celebration of the family line as it continued into the present.

1850:. These memorials are washed with milk and water on these days. They are smeared with 9351: 9217: 9137: 8571: 8124: 7888: 7859: 7681: 7677: 7672: 7614: 7317: 7043: 6383: 6343: 6338: 6303: 5995: 5990: 5766: 5686: 5602: 5323: 5027: 4931: 4876: 4841: 4789: 4764: 4743: 4719: 4696: 4636: 4575: 4469: 4442: 4315: 4278: 4229: 4151: 4126: 4051: 3990: 3924: 3747: 3740: 3716: 3704: 3663: 3644: 3632: 3439: 3424: 3409: 3384: 3320: 3216: 2779: 2704: 2499: 2491: 2419: 2334: 2328: 2021: 1887: 1882:

In Indonesia ancestor worship has been a tradition of some of the indigenous people.

1158: 1146: 737: 609: 470: 389: 307: 3964:

A young couple's grave found in the Rakhigarhi cemetery of the Harappan Civilization

3765: 3516: 1094:, is based on love and respect for the deceased. In some cultures, it is related to 460: 9211: 9047: 8436: 8144: 7659: 7524: 7377: 6983: 6887: 6413: 6393: 6117: 4868: 3794: 3696: 3624: 3091:) and were indeed depicted as golden stars on the roofs of many tombs and temples. 2923: 2752: 2286: 2081: 2017: 1730: 1593: 1546: 1003: 762: 747: 698: 530: 3982: 3685:"Why minds create gods: Devotion, deception, death, and arational decision making" 3628: 2415:, as practically all Vietnamese have an ancestor altar in their home or business. 2269:. These were carved by the community upon a person's death. Every household had a 2107:

Some scholars attribute the disappearance of ancestor worship to the influence of

2080:

Ancestor worship was present in the royal court in pre-colonial Burma. During the

1102:, and may possess the ability to influence the fortune of the living. Some groups 9442: 9205: 9027: 8681: 8641: 8586: 8244: 8209: 7921: 7864: 7844: 7504: 7499: 7289: 7279: 7239: 7219: 7003: 6993: 6806: 6755: 6662: 6618: 6288: 6218: 6127: 5882: 5805: 5580: 5228: 5203: 4924:

Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development

4678: 4626: 4569: 4463: 4434: 4118: 3970: 3950: 3772: 3324: 3262: 3109: 2893: 2716: 2708: 2566:. Lights in the window to guide the dead home are left burning all night. On the 2282: 2262: 2047: 2032: 2011: 1950: 1726: 1613: 1314: 1150: 1115: 1111: 1027: 998: 988: 811: 632: 495: 450: 405: 395: 193: 183: 108: 6132: 3963: 2804:

and other rituals for their dead ancestors, along with those of other families.

8406: 8326: 8239: 8104: 7931: 7438: 7392: 7312: 6846: 6740: 6523: 6502: 6423: 6403: 6313: 6087: 6082: 6047: 6005: 5849: 5827: 5696: 5563: 5420: 5415: 5328: 5264: 3360: 3140:

were actually written as guides to help the deceased successfully navigate the

3129: 2809: 2563: 2559: 2423: 2254: 2238: 1847: 1699: 1601: 1565: 1513: 1373: 1343: 1318: 1317:, and thus it was the mechanism that led to religious representation fostering 1292: 1008: 983: 856: 415: 410: 3944:

Ancient lovers found in Indian burial site mystify and intrigue archaeologists

3700: 2073:(literally "great grandfather"), as well as of other guardian spirits such as 1106:

their direct, familial ancestors. Certain religious groups, in particular the

475: 9396: 9356: 9310: 9267: 9222: 9167: 9052: 8895: 8890: 8656: 8376: 8159: 8029: 7969: 7644: 7529: 7433: 7428: 7367: 7297: 7244: 6963: 6908: 6715: 6697: 6388: 6240: 6190: 6112: 6107: 6037: 6000: 5959: 5952: 5942: 5832: 5723: 5358: 5298: 5058: 5031: 4935: 4781: 4065: 4045: 3708: 3636: 3399: 3394: 3364: 3192: 3137: 3062: 2901: 2771: 2467: 2403: 2374: 2366: 2226: 2194: 1945: 1768: 1762: 861: 678: 636: 545: 535: 520: 515: 465: 359: 7714: 7667: 2098:. The images were stored in the treasury and worshiped at the Zetawunzaung ( 2020:

scholars and kings of ancient times, respectively. The ceremony held on the

1484:. During this period, the gates of hell are opened and ghosts of the dead ( 9315: 9305: 9295: 9262: 9237: 9152: 9092: 9087: 9072: 9057: 8982: 8936: 8721: 8531: 8411: 8351: 8099: 8024: 8003: 7629: 7579: 7574: 7559: 7534: 7413: 7332: 6825: 6657: 6438: 6308: 6298: 5313: 4973:"What do the Dead Know?: Ancestor Worship and Necromancy in Ancient Israel" 4890: 4657: 3419: 3389: 3258: 2723: 2688: 2074: 1665: 1660: 1617: 1552: 1496: 1423: 1369: 1351: 1339: 1300: 1262: 1175: 1123: 846: 779: 525: 455: 218: 213: 123: 6978: 6786: 6538: 4872: 4862: 4693:

Searching for Vietnam: selected writings on Vietnamese culture and society

4502:"The Tinguian; Social, Religious, and Economic life of a Philippine tribe" 3204: 964: 9341: 9172: 8476: 8319: 8149: 8119: 8114: 7979: 7829: 7794: 7649: 7448: 7337: 7327: 7087: 6801: 6745: 6518: 6142: 6097: 6072: 6025: 5773: 5381: 5318: 5303: 4786:

The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy

3350: 3241: 2897: 2567: 2526: 2483: 2459: 2172: 1919: 1862:

is lighted near it with sesame oil. Sometimes a flag is erected over it.

1773: 1331: 1134:. Other religious groups, however, consider veneration of the dead to be 959: 905: 836: 791: 440: 354: 337: 233: 203: 163: 4943: 4919: 3742:

Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation

2766: 9336: 9177: 9022: 8905: 8848: 8686: 8496: 8361: 8299: 8274: 8164: 7687: 7357: 7182: 7123: 6998: 6770: 6408: 6178: 6102: 5733: 5308: 5220: 5039: 5015: 3328: 3266: 3102:

was not automatic upon death; it involved a 70-day journey through the

2977:

Ancestor worship was a prominent feature of many historical societies.

2614: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2572: 2338: 2246: 2215: 2043: 1843: 1811: 1792: 1786: 1753:

has resulted in these practices spreading beyond their Asian homeland.

1707: 1556: 1481: 1413: 1404: 1396: 1305: 1224: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1166: 1103: 949: 445: 349: 178: 173: 158: 143: 133: 128: 103: 93: 3087:). They were described as "shining as gold in the belly of Nut" (Gr. 1993: 1990: 1969: 1966: 683: 9147: 9127: 9062: 8900: 8798: 8781: 8736: 8726: 8676: 8646: 8631: 8551: 8506: 8501: 8269: 7911: 7779: 7624: 7539: 7453: 6923: 6592: 6373: 6293: 6152: 6077: 5924: 5778: 5255: 4632: 4365:"The Soul According to the Ethnolinguistic Groups of the Philippines" 3444: 3429: 3121: 2909: 2905: 2748: 2700: 2696: 2532: 2520: 2475: 2427: 2327:(lit. "Day of the Dead"), which refers to the following solemnity of 2165: 2070: 1871: 1839: 1742: 1734: 1459: 1183: 1131: 1099: 1022: 924: 910: 841: 806: 786: 767: 752: 297: 208: 118: 78: 5728: 2990: 2825: 2589: 2265:. Ancestor spirits are usually represented by carved figures called 1199: 322: 9346: 9097: 8941: 8843: 8828: 8546: 8541: 8461: 8396: 8386: 8304: 8254: 8089: 7964: 7584: 7544: 7234: 7159: 7079: 6856: 6815: 6623: 6510: 6443: 6428: 6418: 6147: 6122: 4972: 3295: 3245: 3151:

passed judgment and was granted access to the Beautiful West as an

2927: 2511: 2479: 2451: 2446: 2358: 2182: 2108: 2090: 1895: 1738: 1715: 1703: 1441: 1418: 1296: 1154: 1135: 1091: 993: 944: 934: 900: 895: 890: 878: 801: 732: 725: 713: 332: 292: 287: 7814: 7264: 5447: 5437: 4395:"Anitism: a survey of religious beliefs native to the Philippines" 3660:

Modes of Religiosity. A Cognitive Theory of Religious Transmission

2756: 1372:

of Senegal, The Gambia and Mauritania who adhere to the tenets of

1335: 9361: 9331: 9162: 9132: 9122: 9037: 8946: 8885: 8771: 8766: 8701: 8696: 8666: 8611: 8561: 8536: 8401: 8371: 8366: 8264: 8129: 8064: 8039: 7639: 7609: 7514: 7463: 7302: 7274: 7254: 7069: 6760: 6471: 6348: 6283: 6168: 6137: 5947: 5783: 5111:"Libation by Kimani S. K. Nehusi (Ebook) - Read free for 30 days" 4499: 3414: 3302: 3271: 3061:, it was the opposite. The philosophy that "this world is but a 2887: 2712: 2545: 2487: 2051: 1851: 1800: 1691: 1682: 1509: 1501: 1377: 1363: 1347: 1273: 1253: 1171: 1034: 1015: 971: 866: 757: 83: 61: 9195: 9142: 9067: 8972: 8915: 8910: 8853: 8838: 8823: 8746: 8731: 8711: 8706: 8651: 8636: 8616: 8581: 8511: 8486: 8466: 8456: 8446: 8431: 8421: 8416: 8284: 8259: 8249: 8184: 8169: 8154: 8084: 8079: 8054: 8049: 7989: 7974: 7941: 7926: 7916: 7906: 7901: 7619: 7554: 7468: 7458: 7423: 7362: 7322: 7269: 7259: 7224: 7154: 7074: 6819: 6710: 6677: 6667: 6634: 6398: 6353: 5715: 5558: 5454: 5209: 3983:

Adalbert J. Gail; Gerd J. R. Mevissen; Richard Salomon (2006).

3200: 3113: 2931: 2692: 2175:, ancestor spirits were one of the two major types of spirits ( 2146: 2116: 2112: 2004: 1891: 1859: 1855: 1833: 1750: 1711: 1646: 1605: 1538: 1530: 1095: 954: 708: 693: 673: 327: 188: 168: 88: 3404: 1664:

taking place at the Jagannath Ghat in Calcutta, at the end of

1403:

Veneration of ancestors is prevalent throughout the island of

1342:

and the Bakossi people) in much of the continent. In orthodox

9117: 9107: 9102: 9077: 8786: 8751: 8741: 8691: 8661: 8606: 8591: 8566: 8556: 8516: 8491: 8481: 8471: 8426: 8381: 8336: 8314: 8309: 8294: 8289: 8279: 8204: 8174: 8074: 8069: 8044: 7604: 7594: 7589: 7564: 7549: 7342: 7307: 7149: 7128: 7113: 6796: 6705: 6687: 6555: 6092: 6067: 6010: 5854: 5548: 5251: 3345: 3314: 3275: 3176: 2554: 2515: 2202: 2177: 2156: 2150: 2128: 2095: 2077:, all of which may be vestiges of historic ancestor worship. 2038:

Ancestral rites are typically divided into three categories:

1960: 1940: 1883: 1824: 1673: 1642: 1621: 1485: 1469: 1257: 1119: 929: 917: 653: 312: 302: 228: 5893: 4150:. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 12–13. 9157: 9112: 9042: 9012: 9007: 8977: 8962: 8931: 8880: 8875: 8813: 8776: 8716: 8596: 8451: 8134: 8109: 8094: 8059: 8019: 7959: 7949: 7896: 7774: 7634: 7599: 7519: 7489: 7484: 7408: 7197: 7061: 6933: 6811: 6278: 5859: 5179:

R.G. Lewis, "Imperial Autobiography, Augustus to Hadrian,"

5059:"Jewish Magic and Superstition: 5. The Spirits of the Dead" 3147:

If the heart was in balance with the Feather of Ma'at, the

3120:

s heart would be weighed on a scale against the Feather of

3104: 3088: 3068: 2550: 2411:

Ancestor veneration is one of the most unifying aspects of

2361:, a religious ceremony honoring ancestral spirits known as 2085: 2016:, which are performed periodically each year for venerated 1977: 1934: 1925: 1820: 1746: 1629: 1609: 1477: 1473: 1428: 1127: 658: 317: 4312:

Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society

3195:

was an important rite of remembrance in order to keep the

2458:

In Catholic countries in Europe (continued later with the

1559:) sacrificial representative of a dead relative. During a 8521: 8356: 8346: 8341: 8179: 7954: 7100: 4672:

Trance Dancing and Spirit Possession in Northern Thailand

4461: 3792: 3079: 2035:

formally recognised ancestral rites as a civil practice.

1943:, ancestor veneration is referred to by the generic term 1819:

s, one dedicated to man and three to women at Chhatardi,

1625: 1277: 1139: 772: 8626: 4526:. SEAsite, Northern Illinois University. Archived from 4506:

Field Museum of Natural History: Anthropological Series

4228:. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 90–111. 3274:, a public festival of sacrifices and offerings to the 1272:

usually but not always refers to the reverent love and

30:"Cult of the dead" redirects here. For other uses, see 4339:"How to Travel the Underworld of Philippine Mythology" 3973:, Anatomy & Cell Biology, vol 51 (3), pp. 200-204. 2691:. Days with religious and spiritual significance like 1902:

are a few examples of the forms the veneration takes.

1690:, a small feast of specific preparations, to eligible 1324: 5013: 4437:. In Astrid Windus & Eberhard Crailsheim (ed.). 3923:. Vol. 2. Mittal Publications. pp. 72–73. 3159:("true of voice") to dwell among the gods and other 1376:(Seereer religion) believe in the veneration of the 4920:"Emplacing Islam: Saint Veneration In Rural Turkey" 4861:Hultkrantz, Åke (1982). Vecsey, Christopher (ed.). 3614: 2104:, "Hall of Ancestors"), along with a book of odes. 1870:Tuluvas practice a form of ancestor worship called 4314:. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. 3739: 5168:The Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic 4392: 9394: 5014:Savishinsky, Joel S.; Wimberley, Howard (1974). 3593:, Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 19 April 2023, 2755:, died of wounds from enemy action sustained in 1612:, elaborate or even creative offerings, such as 4597:"Day of the Dead Traditions in the Philippines" 4571:Power and Intimacy in the Christian Philippines 4567: 4033:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 247–292. 3682: 3187:Besides being eaten by Ammit, the worst fate a 2799:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 2407:Ancestors altar of a Vietnamese Buddhist family 4753: 4224:Sadan, Mandy (2005). Skidmore, Monique (ed.). 3822:"Dead Join the Living in a Family Celebration" 3766:Some reflections on ancestor worship in Africa 2502:" (going door to door and begging for candy). 2273:stored in a shelf in the corner of the house. 1865: 1357: 7744: 7730: 6872: 6487: 5909: 5236: 4226:Burma at the turn of the twenty-first century 3986:Script and Image: Papers on Art and Epigraphy 3729: 3222: 2908:in India. However, the religious movement of 2751:. One example of this is on 16 August (1944) 2738:, it is common for volunteers to place small 2474:to shorten the time that souls need to leave 2099: 1067: 5087:"Visiting Graves Of Tzaddikim: How And Why?" 4302: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4173:"The Challenge of Ancestor Worship in Korea" 4031:Death and the Afterlife in Japanese Buddhism 3844: 3683:Atran, Scott; Norenzayan, Ara (2004-12-01). 3290:"for the Manes gods", which appears even on 2505: 2197:after a period of time in the spirit world. 2185:communicate. Ancestor spirits were known as 1988: 1982: 1964: 1954: 1780: 1680:. A year thence, they observe the ritual of 3521:, Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, May 2023, 3019:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2854:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 7737: 7723: 6879: 6865: 6494: 6480: 5916: 5902: 5243: 5229: 5181:Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt 4864:Belief and Worship in Native North America 4860: 4734: 4732: 4714: 4712: 4500:Fay-Cooper Cole & Albert Gale (1922). 4277:. Transaction Publishers. pp. 69–70. 3877:"Caring for the Dead Ritually in Cambodia" 3813: 3657: 3240:Detail from an early second-century Roman 2778:In Judaism, when a grave site is visited, 2759:, the same day he is credited with saving 2119:, impermanence and rejection of a 'self'. 2046:held four times a year on major holidays ( 1384:), each with its own means of veneration. 1252:Ancestor reverence is not the same as the 1074: 1060: 4432: 4388: 4386: 4291: 3989:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 187–190. 3573:, Oxford University Press, archived from 3501:, Oxford University Press, archived from 3039:Learn how and when to remove this message 2874:Learn how and when to remove this message 2780:a small pebble is placed on the headstone 2674:Learn how and when to remove this message 2538: 1240:Learn how and when to remove this message 1126:; the latter also believes in prayer for 5250: 5084: 4594: 4542: 4333: 4331: 3793:Bureau of African Affairs (3 May 2011). 3235: 2765: 2570:the festival is known as "old Sauin" or 2445: 2402: 2394: 2140: 1918: 1810: 1654: 1575: 1495: 1391: 1178:, family loyalty, and continuity of the 582:Anthropological Perspectives on Religion 4788:. Oxford, Blackwell. pp. 327–341. 4729: 4709: 4624: 4561: 4247: 4245: 4148:Cultural Blending in Korean Death Rites 4141: 4139: 4043: 3124:(representing Truth). However, if the 1858:and flowers are scattered over it. The 14: 9395: 4846:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 4780: 4774: 4516: 4468:. Rex Bookstore, Inc. pp. 58–59. 4455: 4383: 4251: 4028: 3914: 3908: 3819: 3786: 3738:, Christopher Burghard Steiner (ed.), 3212:and to serve as altars of veneration. 2926:, Al-Hakim, and others narrated about 2094:), at the beginning and at the end of 7718: 7031: 6860: 6475: 5897: 5224: 5085:Neustadt, Rabbi Doniel (2017-06-25). 5080: 5078: 5053: 5051: 5049: 5009: 5007: 5005: 5003: 4966: 4964: 4913: 4911: 4742:, Vol. 3. William MacLellan, Glasgow 4690: 4367:. The Aswang Project. 15 April 2017. 4341:. The Aswang Project. 14 April 2018. 4328: 4306: 4272: 4223: 3597:from the original on 18 December 2015 2304:(based on the word for " first", the 2024:of a family member's death is called 6886: 4917: 4493: 4426: 4371:from the original on 24 October 2020 4357: 4345:from the original on 24 October 2020 4242: 4145: 4136: 4111:Ancestor Worship and Korean Society, 3874: 3801:from the original on 26 October 2020 3017:adding citations to reliable sources 2984: 2852:adding citations to reliable sources 2819: 2612:adding citations to reliable sources 2583: 2441: 2133:Indigenous Philippine folk religions 1806: 1718:marks the end of the fortnight-long 1222:adding citations to reliable sources 1193: 271:Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants 5197:Smithsonian: Ancestor Worship Today 4802: 4695:. Trans Pacific Press. p. 75. 4217: 4170: 4009: 3956: 3937: 3859: 3053:Ancient Egyptian funerary practices 2972: 2916:and in territory controlled by the 2745:American cemeteries on foreign soil 2221:Ancestor spirits are also known as 2210:) and cause harm to living people. 2028:(차례). It is still practised today. 1325:West and Southeast African cultures 24: 6501: 5133:Michele Renee Salzman, "Religious 5075: 5046: 5000: 4961: 4908: 4812:(1896) G & R Johnson, Douglas. 4551:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 4462:Maria Christine N. Halili (2004). 3820:Bearak, Barry (5 September 2010). 2218:), or meet the soul upon arrival. 1334:), and Islam (among the different 401:Archaeology of religion and ritual 52: 25: 9464: 9248:Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld 9243:The Contendings of Horus and Seth 5190: 4970: 2535:is derived from these festivals. 1733:populations in countries such as 1448: 32:Cult of the dead (disambiguation) 9375: 9291:Beautiful Festival of the Valley 7813: 7699: 7698: 6962: 6841: 6840: 6537: 6456: 6455: 5878: 5877: 5208: 4759:O'Driscoll, Robert (ed.) (1981) 4738:McNeill, F. Marian (1961, 1990) 4121:Roger Janelli, Dawnhee Janelli, 3311:) in the tablinum of their home 2989: 2980: 2824: 2588: 2579: 2399:A Vietnamese altar for ancestors 1586:Chinese spiritual world concepts 1551:(尸; "corpse, personator") was a 1198: 5173: 5157: 5144: 5127: 5103: 4950:from the original on 2021-04-21 4897:from the original on 2020-10-18 4854: 4815: 4684: 4664: 4649:from the original on 2023-08-30 4618: 4607:from the original on 2022-05-18 4588: 4482:from the original on 2023-12-30 4415:from the original on 2018-07-07 4266: 4185:from the original on 2012-06-17 4164: 4103: 4072:from the original on 2020-07-31 4037: 4022: 4003: 3976: 3897:from the original on 2019-04-20 3868: 3853: 3759: 3732:"Ancestors as Elders in Africa" 3723: 3551:from the original on 2015-11-08 3525:from the original on 2015-10-02 3479:from the original on 2015-11-18 3231: 3083:, or "shining ones" (singular: 2599:needs additional citations for 1435: 1209:needs additional citations for 114:Evolutionary origin of religion 4524:"Mindanao Customs and Beliefs" 4171:Bae, Choon Sup (August 2007). 3676: 3651: 3617:Religion, Brain & Behavior 3608: 3581: 3561: 3547:, Cambridge University Press, 3535: 3509: 3489: 3475:, Cambridge University Press, 3463: 3319:. Some sources indicate these 3163:. At this point only was the 3116:), Lord of the Dead where the 3108:, or Otherworld, which led to 2965:, inherited ancestral status. 2122: 1989: 1983: 1965: 1955: 269:Treatise on the Apparitions of 27:Cultural or religious practice 13: 1: 5923: 5812:Hammersmith Ghost murder case 5139:A Companion to Roman Religion 4867:. Syracuse University Press. 4628:Studying Buddhism in Practice 4029:Walter, Mariko Namba (2008). 3962:Vasant Shinde1, et al, 2018, 3795:"Background Note: Madagascar" 3689:Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3629:10.1080/2153599X.2015.1063001 3456: 2160:or ancestor spirits (c. 1900) 1387: 719:Traditional African religions 264:Coral Gardens and Their Magic 9413:Buddhist belief and doctrine 4595:Bautista, Iss (2018-10-23). 3875:Holt, John Clifford (2012). 3850:Bradt (2011), pp. 13–20 3828:. p. A7. Archived from 3797:. U.S. Department of State. 3327:, while others suggest that 3305:displayed ancestral images ( 2344: 1877: 1571: 1537:) and ancestor worship (拜祖, 1522:Ancestor veneration in China 7: 9233:Book of Traversing Eternity 5710:Electronic voice phenomenon 5503:locations in United Kingdom 5137:and Religious Dissent," in 3921:Festivals In Indian Society 3862:Ghost Riders of Upper Egypt 3658:Whitehouse, Harvey (2004). 3338: 2802:perform posthumous baptisms 2352: 1866:Tuluva culture in Tulu Nadu 1529:, ancestor veneration (敬祖, 1453: 1358:Serer of Senegal and Gambia 1189: 1186:practices in modern times. 10: 9469: 9258:Litany of the Eye of Horus 7811: 6038:Lighting candles on graves 5141:(Blackwell, 2007), p. 116. 4393:Stephen K. Hislop (1971). 4273:Spiro, Melford E. (1978). 4178:. University of Pretoria. 3777:African Systems of Thought 3250: 3223:Ancient Israelite Religion 3050: 2944: 2885: 2460:Anglican Church in England 2388: 2384: 2137:Souls in Filipino cultures 2126: 2064: 1932: 1784: 1760: 1651:Indian rituals after death 1640: 1519: 1457: 1361: 1276:accorded a deity (god) or 29: 9370: 9324: 9301:Coronation of the pharaoh 9281: 9273:Spell of the Twelve Caves 9186: 8996: 8955: 8924: 8866: 8010: 7998: 7940: 7887: 7878: 7822: 7752: 7746:Ancient Egyptian religion 7696: 7658: 7477: 7401: 7288: 7210: 7052: 7022: 6971: 6960: 6894: 6838: 6779: 6731: 6724: 6696: 6643: 6546: 6535: 6509: 6452: 6366: 6327: 6267: 6258: 6201: 6161: 6056: 6031:Connecticut field pumpkin 5983: 5933: 5873: 5820: 5797: 5749: 5695: 5669: 5644: 5628: 5533: 5485: 5374: 5351: 5342: 5271: 5262: 4625:Harding, John S. (2013). 4123:Stanford University Press 3860:Winkler, Hans Alexander. 3701:10.1017/S0140525X04470174 3375:Chinese rites controversy 3356:Chinese ancestral worship 3292:some Christian tombstones 3253:Roman funerals and burial 2788:Vietnam Veterans Memorial 2506:Brythonic Celtic cultures 2370: 2100: 1797:Indus Valley civilization 1781:Indus Valley Civilization 1464:During Pchum Ben and the 1287:In that sense the phrase 1108:Eastern Orthodox Churches 797:Armenian Apostolic Church 9408:Anthropology of religion 9382:Ancient Egypt portal 9228:Book of the Heavenly Cow 5682:Ancient Egyptian culture 5170:(London, 1908), p. 418. 4810:Manx Ballads & Music 4761:The Celtic Consciousness 4691:Rambo, A. Terry (2005). 4568:Fenella Cannell (1999). 4146:Park, Chang-Won (2010). 3953:, CNN, January 10, 2019. 3746:, Blackwell Publishing, 3410:Joss paper#Health impact 2815: 2623:"Veneration of the dead" 1914: 1905: 1756: 1710:falling in the month of 1636: 1592:for the deceased in the 1508:, which is dedicated to 1491: 689:Native American religion 344:Revitalization movements 199:Sacred–profane dichotomy 46:Anthropology of religion 9083:Horus on the Crocodiles 7570:Horus on the Crocodiles 5705:Apparitional experience 5183:II.34.1 (1993), p. 658. 4918:Hart, Kimberly (2015). 4275:Burmese Supernaturalism 3884:Southeast Asian Studies 3244:depicting the death of 3094:The process by which a 1998:). Notable examples of 1900:Karo people (Indonesia) 1898:and the coffins of the 1506:Mengjia Longshan Temple 1504:during a veneration at 603:The Journal of Religion 224:Theories about religion 9453:Veneration of the dead 9253:Great Hymn to the Aten 9033:Crown of justification 8757:Souls of Pe and Nekhen 8035:Amenhotep, son of Hapu 7870:Veneration of the dead 7510:Crown of justification 7444:North African elephant 7388:Throne Hall of Dongola 7014:Veneration of the dead 6330:Veneration of the Dead 5334:Procession of the dead 4988:Cite journal requires 4252:Harvey, G. E. (1925). 4205:Cite journal requires 3730:Igor Kopytoff (1997), 3361:Chinese ancestral hall 3248: 2775: 2722:In the United States, 2539:Gaelic Celtic cultures 2455: 2408: 2400: 2296:Filipino Catholic and 2161: 1930: 1828: 1669: 1581: 1517: 1400: 1265:is what is important. 1088:veneration of the dead 649:Alaska Native religion 644:Afro-American religion 239:Veneration of the dead 57: 9418:Chinese folk religion 7353:Philae temple complex 5975:Christian observances 5789:Paranormal television 5498:locations in Scotland 5020:Jewish Social Studies 4873:10.2307/j.ctv9b2xgt.9 4258:. Longmans. pp. 3915:Sharma, Usha (2008). 3370:Chinese folk religion 3333:Professional mourners 3282:on Latin epitaphs is 3280:inscriptional phrases 3239: 3059:mummification rituals 2936:Abu Ayyub al-Ansariyy 2930:–Umayyad governor of 2792:National Park Service 2769: 2449: 2406: 2398: 2144: 1922: 1814: 1658: 1579: 1499: 1395: 1124:intercessors with God 1098:that the dead have a 1050:cultural anthropology 669:Chinese folk religion 561:Anthony F. C. Wallace 556:Daniel Martin Varisco 481:E. E. Evans-Pritchard 383:of the Religious Life 56: 7855:Opening of the mouth 6929:Flooding of the Nile 6653:Ancestral veneration 6560:Chicamassi-chinuinji 6319:Parade of Lost Souls 6270:Festival of the Dead 5774:Stories about ghosts 5598:District of Columbia 5217:at Wikimedia Commons 5164:William Warde Fowler 5150:Salzman, "Religious 4763:New York, Braziller 4681:", 19 November 2010. 4308:Scott, William Henry 3890:. Kyoto University. 3577:on November 21, 2012 3134:The Book of the Dead 3013:improve this section 2904:in Pakistan and the 2848:improve this section 2608:improve this article 2169:indigenous religions 1440:In Egypt, a form of 1350:is venerated by the 1301:Confucian-influenced 1218:improve this article 704:Shamanism in Siberia 551:Edward Burnett Tylor 381:The Elementary Forms 149:Magic (supernatural) 99:Comparative religion 8988:The Indestructibles 8792:Hermes Trismegistus 7478:Symbols and objects 7348:Musawwarat es-Sufra 7250:Kingdom of al-Abwab 6949:Prophecy of Neferti 6462:Category: Halloween 6247:Treehouse of Horror 6043:Prayer for the dead 5843:Kardecist spiritism 5687:Classical antiquity 3736:Roy Richard Grinker 3662:. Alta Mira Press. 3450:Zhong Yuan Festival 3380:Communion of saints 3132:(commonly known as 2928:Marwan Ibn al-Hakam 2728:National Cemeteries 2558:times, in both the 2379:spiritual cockfight 2171:of the precolonial 1929:altar for ancestors 1480:originating in the 1297:Buddhist-influenced 1289:ancestor veneration 1100:continued existence 886:Hindu denominations 827:Ethiopian Orthodoxy 596:The Hibbert Journal 506:Claude Lévi-Strauss 491:Fustel de Coulanges 40:Part of a series on 9201:Books of Breathing 8220:Four sons of Horus 6174:Haunted attraction 5757:Films about ghosts 5741:Spirit photography 5202:2021-04-26 at the 4677:2014-01-07 at the 4530:on 24 October 2020 4465:Philippine History 4441:. Waxmann Verlag. 4433:Imke Rath (2013). 4117:2023-05-06 at the 4012:Early Modern Japan 3969:2021-09-16 at the 3949:2021-09-16 at the 3832:on 27 January 2012 3781:University of Kent 3771:2009-04-25 at the 3505:on October 3, 2015 3303:noble Roman family 3249: 3112:before Wesir (Gr. 2902:National Mausoleum 2776: 2763:from destruction. 2761:Chartres Cathedral 2524:, and in Wales as 2456: 2413:Vietnamese culture 2409: 2401: 2357:In rural northern 2323:"), and sometimes 2276:The predominantly 2162: 2042:Charye (차례, 茶禮) – 1931: 1829: 1722:to the ancestors. 1670: 1628:, paper money and 1582: 1518: 1466:Cambodian New Year 1401: 1090:, including one's 940:Non-denominational 852:Oriental Orthodoxy 406:Poles in mythology 139:Laying on of hands 58: 9390: 9389: 9352:Mysteries of Isis 9325:Related religions 9218:Book of the Earth 8862: 8861: 7712: 7711: 7682:Meroitic alphabet 7678:Meroitic language 7673:Egyptian language 7668:Blemmyes language 7206: 7205: 6919:Egyptian religion 6854: 6853: 6834: 6833: 6529:Kongo Catholicism 6469: 6468: 6362: 6361: 6339:Death anniversary 6304:Qingming Festival 5991:Trick-or-treating 5891: 5890: 5665: 5664: 5324:Residual haunting 5289:Haunted locations 5279:Ancestral spirits 5213:Media related to 4882:978-1-68445-013-8 4808:Moore, A.W. (ed) 4795:978-0-631-18946-6 4724:978-0-7083-1953-6 4702:978-1-920901-05-9 4601:ModernFilipina.ph 4321:978-971-550-135-4 4284:978-1-56000-882-8 4235:978-0-8248-2897-4 4157:978-1-4411-1749-6 4057:978-0-520-31608-9 3996:978-81-208-2944-2 3930:978-81-8324-113-7 3753:978-1-55786-686-8 3669:978-0-7591-0615-4 3440:Transfer of merit 3425:Qingming Festival 3385:Death anniversary 3217:Kemetic Orthodoxy 3205:tomb inscriptions 3049: 3048: 3041: 2884: 2883: 2876: 2684: 2683: 2676: 2658: 2500:trick-or-treating 2478:and the enter in 2442:European cultures 2420:death anniversary 2335:Chinese Filipinos 2325:Áraw ng mga Patáy 1807:Paliya in Gujarat 1580:Burning offerings 1399:reburial ceremony 1250: 1249: 1242: 1084: 1083: 872:Russian Orthodoxy 822:Eastern Orthodoxy 471:Arnold van Gennep 390:Purity and Danger 16:(Redirected from 9460: 9448:Taoist practices 9380: 9379: 9378: 9212:Book of the Dead 9048:Egyptian obelisk 8437:Kothar-wa-Khasis 7885: 7884: 7850:Offering formula 7845:Mortuary temples 7835:Embalming ritual 7817: 7739: 7732: 7725: 7716: 7715: 7702: 7701: 7525:Egyptian obelisk 7378:Temple of Dendur 7029: 7028: 6984:Execration texts 6966: 6888:Kushite religion 6881: 6874: 6867: 6858: 6857: 6844: 6843: 6729: 6728: 6541: 6496: 6489: 6482: 6473: 6472: 6464: 6459: 6458: 6331: 6271: 6265: 6264: 6186:Pumpkin festival 6060: 5936: 5927: 5918: 5911: 5904: 5895: 5894: 5881: 5880: 5349: 5348: 5294:Haunted highways 5245: 5238: 5231: 5222: 5221: 5215:Ancestor worship 5212: 5184: 5177: 5171: 5161: 5155: 5148: 5142: 5131: 5125: 5124: 5122: 5121: 5107: 5101: 5100: 5098: 5097: 5082: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5069: 5063:sacred-texts.com 5055: 5044: 5043: 5026:(3/4): 281–300. 5011: 4998: 4997: 4991: 4986: 4984: 4976: 4968: 4959: 4958: 4956: 4955: 4915: 4906: 4905: 4903: 4902: 4858: 4852: 4851: 4845: 4837: 4835: 4834: 4825:. 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Tambiah 496:Clifford Geertz 451:Joseph Campbell 436:Augustin Calmet 431: 430: 429:Major theorists 421: 420: 396:Myth and ritual 382: 375: 374: 365: 364: 270: 254: 253: 244: 243: 194:Sacred language 184:Rite of passage 109:Divine language 74: 73: 64: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9466: 9456: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9438:Kongo religion 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9388: 9387: 9385: 9384: 9371: 9368: 9367: 9365: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9328: 9326: 9322: 9321: 9319: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9287: 9285: 9279: 9278: 9276: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9220: 9215: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9192: 9190: 9184: 9183: 9181: 9180: 9175: 9170: 9165: 9160: 9155: 9150: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9120: 9115: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9025: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9004: 9002: 8994: 8993: 8991: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8959: 8957: 8953: 8952: 8950: 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8187: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8011: 8008: 8007: 8002: 8000: 7996: 7995: 7993: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7946: 7944: 7938: 7937: 7935: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7893: 7891: 7882: 7876: 7875: 7873: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7837: 7832: 7826: 7824: 7820: 7819: 7812: 7810: 7808: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7765:Creation myths 7762: 7756: 7754: 7750: 7749: 7742: 7741: 7734: 7727: 7719: 7710: 7709: 7697: 7694: 7693: 7691: 7690: 7685: 7675: 7670: 7664: 7662: 7656: 7655: 7653: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7481: 7479: 7475: 7474: 7472: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7439:Nile crocodile 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7405: 7403: 7402:Sacred animals 7399: 7398: 7396: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7373:Temple of Amun 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7318:Dodekaschoinos 7315: 7313:Deir el-Bahari 7310: 7305: 7300: 7294: 7292: 7286: 7285: 7283: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7216: 7214: 7208: 7207: 7204: 7203: 7201: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7144: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7090: 7085: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7064: 7059: 7053: 7050: 7049: 7047: 7046: 7041: 7035: 7033: 7026: 7020: 7019: 7017: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6975: 6973: 6969: 6968: 6961: 6959: 6957: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6914:Creation myths 6911: 6906: 6900: 6898: 6892: 6891: 6884: 6883: 6876: 6869: 6861: 6852: 6851: 6839: 6836: 6835: 6832: 6831: 6829: 6828: 6823: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6783: 6781: 6777: 6776: 6774: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6741:Black cat bone 6737: 6735: 6726: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6702: 6700: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6673:Nature spirits 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6649: 6647: 6641: 6640: 6638: 6637: 6632: 6629: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6613: 6610: 6607: 6604: 6601: 6598: 6595: 6590: 6587: 6584: 6581: 6578: 6575: 6572: 6569: 6564: 6561: 6558: 6552: 6550: 6544: 6543: 6536: 6534: 6532: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6515: 6513: 6507: 6506: 6503:Kongo religion 6499: 6498: 6491: 6484: 6476: 6467: 6466: 6453: 6450: 6449: 6447: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6424:Mischief Night 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6404:Eid il-Burbara 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6384:All Souls' Day 6381: 6376: 6370: 6368: 6364: 6363: 6360: 6359: 6357: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6335: 6333: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6321: 6316: 6314:Zhōng yuán jié 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6289:Día de Muertos 6286: 6281: 6275: 6273: 6262: 6256: 6255: 6253: 6252: 6251: 6250: 6243: 6233: 6232: 6231: 6226: 6216: 6211: 6205: 6203: 6199: 6198: 6196: 6195: 6194: 6193: 6183: 6182: 6181: 6171: 6165: 6163: 6159: 6158: 6156: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6083:Bonfire toffee 6080: 6075: 6070: 6064: 6062: 6054: 6053: 6051: 6050: 6048:Pangangaluluwa 6045: 6040: 6035: 6034: 6033: 6028: 6018: 6016:Halloween Tree 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5987: 5985: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5956: 5955: 5950: 5939: 5937: 5931: 5930: 5921: 5920: 5913: 5906: 5898: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5885: 5874: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5850:The Ghost Club 5847: 5846: 5845: 5835: 5830: 5828:Fear of ghosts 5824: 5822: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5814: 5809: 5801: 5799: 5795: 5794: 5792: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5770: 5769: 5764: 5753: 5751: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5743: 5738: 5737: 5736: 5726: 5721: 5720: 5719: 5707: 5701: 5699: 5697:Parapsychology 5693: 5692: 5690: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5673: 5671: 5667: 5666: 5663: 5662: 5660: 5659: 5654: 5648: 5646: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5638: 5632: 5630: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5622: 5621: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5585: 5584: 5583: 5578: 5568: 5567: 5566: 5564:Ghost sickness 5561: 5553: 5552: 5551: 5543: 5537: 5535: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5516: 5515: 5507: 5506: 5505: 5500: 5489: 5487: 5483: 5482: 5480: 5479: 5474: 5473: 5472: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5451: 5450: 5445: 5435: 5434: 5433: 5428: 5418: 5416:Ghost Festival 5413: 5412: 5411: 5401: 5400: 5399: 5394: 5384: 5378: 5376: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5368: 5363:South Africa ( 5361: 5355: 5353: 5346: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5336: 5331: 5329:Vengeful ghost 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5304:Haunted trains 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5275: 5273: 5272:Manifestations 5269: 5268: 5265:List of ghosts 5263: 5260: 5259: 5248: 5247: 5240: 5233: 5225: 5219: 5218: 5206: 5192: 5191:External links 5189: 5186: 5185: 5172: 5156: 5143: 5126: 5102: 5074: 5045: 4999: 4990:|journal= 4960: 4907: 4881: 4853: 4814: 4801: 4794: 4782:Hutton, Ronald 4773: 4752: 4728: 4708: 4701: 4683: 4670:Marti Patel, " 4663: 4642:978-1136501883 4641: 4617: 4587: 4581:978-0521646222 4580: 4560: 4541: 4515: 4492: 4475:978-9712339349 4474: 4454: 4448:978-3830979296 4447: 4425: 4408:(2): 144–156. 4382: 4356: 4327: 4320: 4290: 4283: 4265: 4241: 4234: 4216: 4207:|journal= 4163: 4156: 4135: 4102: 4056: 4036: 4021: 4002: 3995: 3975: 3955: 3936: 3929: 3907: 3867: 3852: 3843: 3826:New York Times 3812: 3785: 3758: 3752: 3722: 3695:(6): 754–770. 3675: 3668: 3650: 3623:(4): 307–317. 3607: 3580: 3560: 3534: 3508: 3488: 3461: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3286:, abbreviated 3233: 3230: 3224: 3221: 3130:Papyrus of Ani 3051:Main article: 3047: 3046: 2997: 2995: 2988: 2982: 2979: 2974: 2971: 2946: 2943: 2886:Main article: 2882: 2881: 2832: 2830: 2823: 2817: 2814: 2810:Pueblo Indians 2794:and archived. 2740:American flags 2705:All Souls' Day 2682: 2681: 2596: 2594: 2587: 2581: 2578: 2560:Celtic nations 2540: 2537: 2507: 2504: 2443: 2440: 2386: 2383: 2354: 2351: 2346: 2343: 2329:All Souls' Day 2278:Roman Catholic 2124: 2121: 2066: 2063: 2062: 2061: 2058: 2055: 1916: 1913: 1911:or cremation. 1907: 1904: 1879: 1876: 1867: 1864: 1848:Hindu calendar 1808: 1805: 1799:(IVC) site in 1785:Main article: 1782: 1779: 1761:Main article: 1758: 1755: 1700:Hindu calendar 1638: 1635: 1573: 1570: 1566:poe divination 1520:Main article: 1493: 1490: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1449:Asian cultures 1447: 1437: 1434: 1389: 1386: 1370:Seereer people 1362:Main article: 1359: 1356: 1344:Serer religion 1326: 1323: 1319:group cohesion 1248: 1247: 1206: 1204: 1197: 1191: 1188: 1180:family lineage 1163:Afro-diasporic 1128:departed souls 1082: 1081: 1079: 1078: 1071: 1064: 1056: 1053: 1052: 1042: 1041: 1038: 1037: 1031: 1030: 1025: 1019: 1018: 1012: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 975: 974: 968: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 921: 920: 914: 913: 908: 903: 898: 893: 888: 882: 881: 875: 874: 869: 864: 859: 857:Pentecostalism 854: 849: 844: 839: 834: 829: 824: 819: 814: 809: 804: 799: 794: 789: 783: 782: 776: 775: 770: 765: 760: 755: 750: 745: 740: 735: 729: 728: 722: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 640: 639: 637:folk religions 629: 623: 622: 621: 618: 617: 614: 613: 606: 599: 592: 585: 577: 573: 572: 571: 568: 567: 564: 563: 558: 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 463: 461:Émile Durkheim 458: 453: 448: 443: 441:Akbar S. Ahmed 438: 432: 428: 427: 426: 423: 422: 419: 418: 416:Elite religion 413: 411:Lived religion 408: 403: 398: 393: 386: 376: 372: 371: 370: 367: 366: 363: 362: 357: 352: 346: 345: 341: 340: 335: 330: 325: 320: 315: 310: 305: 300: 295: 290: 284: 283: 279: 278: 273: 266: 260: 259: 255: 251: 250: 249: 246: 245: 242: 241: 236: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 136: 131: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 75: 72:Basic concepts 71: 70: 69: 66: 65: 60:Shrine of St. 59: 49: 48: 42: 41: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9465: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9428:Death customs 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9400: 9398: 9383: 9373: 9372: 9369: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9357:Temple of Set 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9329: 9327: 9323: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9311:Opet Festival 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9288: 9286: 9284: 9280: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9268:Pyramid Texts 9266: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9224: 9223:Book of Gates 9221: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9213: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9193: 9191: 9189: 9185: 9179: 9176: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9168:Vulture crown 9166: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9053:Egyptian pool 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9005: 9003: 9001: 8995: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8960: 8958: 8954: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8929: 8927: 8923: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8891:Hieracosphinx 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8873: 8871: 8869: 8865: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8793: 8790: 8789: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8657:Renpetneferet 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8321: 8318: 8317: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8012: 8009: 8005: 8001: 7997: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7947: 7945: 7943: 7939: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7894: 7892: 7890: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7877: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7827: 7825: 7821: 7816: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7757: 7755: 7751: 7747: 7740: 7735: 7733: 7728: 7726: 7721: 7720: 7717: 7707: 7706: 7695: 7689: 7686: 7683: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7661: 7657: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7645:Vulture crown 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7530:Egyptian pool 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7482: 7480: 7476: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7429:Hieracosphinx 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7406: 7404: 7400: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7383:Temple of Mut 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7295: 7293: 7291: 7287: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7217: 7215: 7213: 7209: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7054: 7051: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7036: 7034: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7021: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6976: 6974: 6970: 6965: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6901: 6899: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6882: 6877: 6875: 6870: 6868: 6863: 6862: 6859: 6849: 6848: 6837: 6827: 6824: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6792: 6788: 6785: 6784: 6782: 6778: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6730: 6727: 6723: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6695: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6650: 6648: 6646: 6642: 6636: 6633: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6619:Nzambi Mpungu 6617: 6614: 6611: 6608: 6605: 6602: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6588: 6585: 6582: 6579: 6576: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6553: 6551: 6549: 6545: 6540: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6516: 6514: 6512: 6508: 6504: 6497: 6492: 6490: 6485: 6483: 6478: 6477: 6474: 6463: 6451: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6434:Old Halloween 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6394:Devil's Night 6392: 6390: 6389:Beggars Night 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6371: 6369: 6365: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6344:Death customs 6342: 6340: 6337: 6336: 6334: 6332: 6326: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6272: 6266: 6263: 6257: 6249: 6248: 6244: 6242: 6241:Great Pumpkin 6239: 6238: 6237: 6234: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6221: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6206: 6204: 6200: 6192: 6191:Pumpkin Queen 6189: 6188: 6187: 6184: 6180: 6177: 6176: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6166: 6164: 6160: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6113:Caramel apple 6111: 6109: 6108:Candy pumpkin 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6065: 6063: 6061: 6055: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6023: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 6001:Apple bobbing 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5988: 5986: 5982: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5954: 5953:Allhallowtide 5951: 5949: 5946: 5945: 5944: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5932: 5928: 5919: 5914: 5912: 5907: 5905: 5900: 5899: 5896: 5884: 5876: 5875: 5872: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5844: 5841: 5840: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5833:Spectrophilia 5831: 5829: 5826: 5825: 5823: 5819: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5807: 5803: 5802: 5800: 5796: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5759: 5758: 5755: 5754: 5752: 5748: 5742: 5739: 5735: 5732: 5731: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5724:Ghost hunting 5722: 5718: 5717: 5713: 5712: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5702: 5700: 5698: 5694: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5668: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5649: 5647: 5643: 5637: 5634: 5633: 5631: 5629:South America 5627: 5619: 5618:San Francisco 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5590: 5589: 5588:United States 5586: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5573: 5572: 5569: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5556: 5554: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5534:North America 5532: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5514: 5511: 5510: 5508: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5495: 5494: 5491: 5490: 5488: 5484: 5478: 5475: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5440: 5439: 5436: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5423: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5410: 5407: 5406: 5405: 5402: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5389: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5379: 5377: 5373: 5366: 5362: 5360: 5359:Madam Koi Koi 5357: 5356: 5354: 5350: 5347: 5341: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5309:Haunted ships 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5299:Haunted house 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5270: 5266: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5246: 5241: 5239: 5234: 5232: 5227: 5226: 5223: 5216: 5211: 5207: 5205: 5201: 5198: 5195: 5194: 5182: 5176: 5169: 5165: 5160: 5153: 5147: 5140: 5136: 5130: 5116: 5112: 5106: 5092: 5088: 5081: 5079: 5064: 5060: 5054: 5052: 5050: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5010: 5008: 5006: 5004: 4995: 4982: 4974: 4967: 4965: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4914: 4912: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4865: 4857: 4849: 4843: 4829:on 2015-07-21 4828: 4824: 4818: 4811: 4805: 4797: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4777: 4770: 4769:0-8076-1136-0 4766: 4762: 4756: 4749: 4748:0-948474-04-1 4745: 4741: 4735: 4733: 4725: 4721: 4715: 4713: 4704: 4698: 4694: 4687: 4680: 4676: 4673: 4667: 4659: 4648: 4644: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4629: 4621: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4591: 4583: 4577: 4573: 4572: 4564: 4556: 4552: 4545: 4529: 4525: 4519: 4512:(2): 235–493. 4511: 4507: 4503: 4496: 4481: 4477: 4471: 4467: 4466: 4458: 4450: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4429: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4402:Asian Studies 4396: 4389: 4387: 4370: 4366: 4360: 4344: 4340: 4334: 4332: 4323: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4286: 4280: 4276: 4269: 4261: 4257: 4256: 4248: 4246: 4237: 4231: 4227: 4220: 4212: 4199: 4181: 4174: 4167: 4159: 4153: 4149: 4142: 4140: 4132: 4131:0-8047-2158-0 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4113: 4112: 4106: 4098: 4086: 4071: 4067: 4066:j.ctvr7fdd1.8 4063: 4059: 4053: 4049: 4048: 4040: 4032: 4025: 4017: 4013: 4006: 3998: 3992: 3988: 3987: 3979: 3972: 3968: 3965: 3959: 3952: 3948: 3945: 3940: 3932: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3911: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3878: 3871: 3863: 3856: 3847: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3816: 3800: 3796: 3789: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3767: 3762: 3755: 3749: 3744: 3743: 3737: 3733: 3726: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3679: 3671: 3665: 3661: 3654: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3611: 3596: 3592: 3591: 3584: 3576: 3572: 3571: 3564: 3550: 3546: 3545: 3538: 3524: 3520: 3519: 3512: 3504: 3500: 3499: 3492: 3478: 3474: 3473: 3466: 3462: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3435:Suffrage Mass 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3400:Haus Tambaran 3398: 3396: 3395:Funerary cult 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3343: 3336: 3334: 3330: 3329:funeral masks 3326: 3322: 3318: 3316: 3310: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3254: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3229: 3220: 3218: 3213: 3211: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3193:ancient Egypt 3190: 3185: 3183: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3145: 3143: 3139: 3138:Pyramid Texts 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3106: 3101: 3097: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3081: 3076: 3075: 3070: 3066: 3064: 3063:vale of tears 3060: 3054: 3043: 3040: 3032: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3008: 3007: 3003: 2998:This section 2996: 2992: 2987: 2986: 2981:Ancient Egypt 2978: 2970: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2955: 2951: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2919: 2918:Islamic State 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2889: 2878: 2875: 2867: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2838: 2833:This section 2831: 2827: 2822: 2821: 2813: 2811: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2795: 2793: 2789: 2783: 2781: 2773: 2772:Tequisquiapan 2768: 2764: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2720: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2678: 2675: 2667: 2656: 2653: 2649: 2646: 2642: 2639: 2635: 2632: 2628: 2625: – 2624: 2620: 2619:Find sources: 2613: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2597:This section 2595: 2591: 2586: 2585: 2580:North America 2577: 2575: 2574: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2547: 2536: 2534: 2530: 2528: 2523: 2522: 2517: 2513: 2503: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2484:ghost stories 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2468:All Souls Day 2465: 2461: 2453: 2448: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2416: 2414: 2405: 2397: 2392: 2382: 2380: 2376: 2375:cock fighting 2368: 2364: 2360: 2350: 2342: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2294: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2204: 2198: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2179: 2174: 2170: 2167: 2159: 2158: 2153: 2152: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2120: 2118: 2114: 2111:doctrines of 2110: 2105: 2097: 2093: 2092: 2087: 2083: 2078: 2076: 2072: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2040: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2029: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2018:Neo-Confucian 2015: 2013: 2008: 2006: 2001: 1995: 1992: 1980: 1979: 1971: 1968: 1962: 1952: 1948: 1947: 1942: 1936: 1928: 1927: 1921: 1912: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1875: 1873: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1836: 1835: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1813: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1788: 1778: 1775: 1770: 1769:Ahom religion 1764: 1763:Me-Dam-Me-Phi 1754: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1684: 1679: 1675: 1667: 1663: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1634: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1618:refrigerators 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1578: 1569: 1567: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1549: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1523: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1498: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1461: 1446: 1443: 1433: 1430: 1426: 1425: 1420: 1416: 1415: 1410: 1406: 1398: 1394: 1385: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1365: 1355: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1310: 1308: 1307: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1285: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1264: 1259: 1255: 1244: 1241: 1233: 1230:December 2023 1223: 1219: 1213: 1212: 1207:This section 1205: 1201: 1196: 1195: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1143: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1077: 1072: 1070: 1065: 1063: 1058: 1057: 1055: 1054: 1051: 1047: 1044: 1043: 1036: 1033: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 976: 973: 970: 969: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 922: 919: 916: 915: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 887: 884: 883: 880: 877: 876: 873: 870: 868: 865: 863: 862:Protestantism 860: 858: 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 784: 781: 778: 777: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 730: 727: 724: 723: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 641: 638: 634: 631: 630: 626: 620: 619: 612: 611: 607: 605: 604: 600: 598: 597: 593: 591: 590: 586: 584: 583: 579: 578: 570: 569: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 546:Victor Turner 544: 542: 539: 537: 536:Melford Spiro 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 521:Roy Rappaport 519: 517: 516:Steven Ozment 514: 512: 511:Robert Marett 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 466:Mircea Eliade 464: 462: 459: 457: 454: 452: 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 437: 434: 433: 425: 424: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 391: 387: 385: 384: 378: 377: 369: 368: 361: 360:Handsome Lake 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 347: 343: 342: 339: 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 324: 321: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 285: 281: 280: 277: 274: 272: 267: 265: 262: 261: 257: 256: 248: 247: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 192: 190: 187: 185: 182: 180: 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 155: 152: 150: 147: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 100: 97: 95: 92: 90: 87: 85: 82: 80: 77: 76: 68: 67: 63: 55: 51: 50: 47: 44: 43: 39: 38: 33: 19: 9433:Filial piety 9403:Anthropology 9316:Sed festival 9306:Min festival 9296:Cattle count 9263:Litany of Re 9238:Coffin Texts 9210: 9153:Solar barque 9093:Imiut fetish 9088:Hypocephalus 9073:Hemhem crown 9058:Eye of Horus 8983:Land of Manu 8937:Djadjaemankh 8818: 8808: 8761: 8671: 8621: 8601: 8576: 8532:Nebethetepet 8526: 8441: 8412:Khenti-kheti 8391: 8331: 8234: 8230:Gate deities 8224: 8214: 8199: 8189: 8139: 8014: 8004:Theban Triad 7869: 7830:Canopic jars 7703: 7630:Solar barque 7580:Imiut fetish 7575:Hypocephalus 7560:Hemhem crown 7535:Eye of Horus 7414:Barbary lion 7333:Jebel Barkal 7192: 7187: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7138: 7133: 7118: 7108: 7095: 7056: 7013: 6909:Christianity 6845: 6826:Maria Lionza 6658:Kalunga line 6652: 6439:Punkie Night 6367:Other events 6328: 6309:Totensonntag 6299:Pitru Paksha 6279:Bon Festival 6245: 6133:Pão por Deus 5838:Spiritualism 5804: 5714: 5677:Mesopotamian 5613:Pennsylvania 5343:By continent 5314:Hungry ghost 5284:Ghost lights 5278: 5180: 5175: 5167: 5159: 5151: 5146: 5138: 5134: 5129: 5118:. Retrieved 5114: 5105: 5094:. Retrieved 5090: 5066:. Retrieved 5062: 5023: 5019: 4981:cite journal 4952:. Retrieved 4927: 4923: 4899:. Retrieved 4863: 4856: 4831:. Retrieved 4827:the original 4817: 4809: 4804: 4785: 4776: 4760: 4755: 4739: 4692: 4686: 4666: 4658:Google Books 4656:– via 4651:. Retrieved 4627: 4620: 4609:. Retrieved 4600: 4590: 4570: 4563: 4554: 4550: 4544: 4532:. Retrieved 4528:the original 4518: 4509: 4505: 4495: 4484:. Retrieved 4464: 4457: 4438: 4428: 4417:. Retrieved 4405: 4401: 4373:. Retrieved 4359: 4347:. Retrieved 4311: 4274: 4268: 4254: 4225: 4219: 4198:cite journal 4187:. Retrieved 4166: 4147: 4110: 4105: 4074:. Retrieved 4046: 4039: 4030: 4024: 4015: 4011: 4005: 3985: 3978: 3958: 3939: 3920: 3910: 3899:. Retrieved 3887: 3883: 3870: 3861: 3855: 3846: 3834:. Retrieved 3830:the original 3825: 3815: 3803:. Retrieved 3788: 3776: 3761: 3741: 3725: 3692: 3688: 3678: 3659: 3653: 3620: 3616: 3610: 3599:, retrieved 3589: 3583: 3575:the original 3569: 3563: 3553:, retrieved 3543: 3537: 3527:, retrieved 3517: 3511: 3503:the original 3497: 3491: 3481:, retrieved 3471: 3465: 3420:Bon Festival 3390:Funerary art 3312: 3306: 3300: 3287: 3283: 3256: 3232:Ancient Rome 3226: 3214: 3209: 3196: 3188: 3186: 3181: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3146: 3141: 3125: 3117: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3093: 3084: 3078: 3072: 3067: 3056: 3035: 3026: 3011:Please help 2999: 2976: 2967: 2962: 2958: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2940: 2922: 2914:Saudi Arabia 2891: 2870: 2861: 2846:Please help 2834: 2806: 2796: 2784: 2777: 2724:Memorial Day 2721: 2689:Memorial Day 2685: 2670: 2664:January 2020 2661: 2651: 2644: 2637: 2630: 2618: 2606:Please help 2601:verification 2598: 2571: 2544: 2542: 2525: 2519: 2509: 2457: 2436: 2432: 2417: 2410: 2362: 2356: 2348: 2333: 2324: 2319:(literally " 2316: 2312: 2311:or possibly 2308: 2301: 2295: 2290: 2275: 2270: 2266: 2258: 2250: 2242: 2230: 2227:Cordillerans 2222: 2220: 2211: 2207: 2201: 2199: 2191:spirit world 2186: 2181:) with whom 2176: 2163: 2155: 2149: 2106: 2089: 2079: 2068: 2037: 2030: 2025: 2010: 2003: 1999: 1976: 1944: 1938: 1924: 1909: 1881: 1869: 1860:earthen lamp 1832: 1830: 1816: 1790: 1766: 1724: 1719: 1695: 1687: 1681: 1677: 1671: 1666:Pitru Paksha 1659: 1583: 1560: 1553:Zhou dynasty 1547: 1542: 1534: 1525: 1516:, and others 1463: 1439: 1436:North Africa 1422: 1412: 1408: 1402: 1381: 1367: 1352:Serer people 1328: 1311: 1304: 1288: 1286: 1281: 1269: 1267: 1263:filial piety 1251: 1236: 1227: 1216:Please help 1211:verification 1208: 1176:filial piety 1144: 1087: 1085: 979:Conservative 847:Nestorianism 780:Christianity 608: 601: 594: 587: 580: 526:Saba Mahmood 501:Robin Horton 486:James Frazer 456:Mary Douglas 388: 379: 276:Neo-Paganism 252:Case studies 238: 219:Superstition 214:Soul dualism 124:Great Spirit 9342:Hermeticism 9173:Was-sceptre 9000:and objects 8477:Mehet-Weret 8320:Harpocrates 8150:Banebdjedet 8115:Arensnuphis 7795:Osiris myth 7650:Was-sceptre 7328:Elephantine 7088:Arensnuphis 7039:Elephantine 6802:Espiritismo 6746:Goofer dust 6631:Phulu Bunzi 6597:Mbantilanda 6593:Mamba Muntu 6519:Antonianism 6143:Pumpkin pie 6098:Candy apple 6073:Apple cider 6026:Stingy Jack 6011:Ghost tours 5935:Main topics 5798:Court cases 5345:and culture 5319:Poltergeist 4891:j.ctv9b2xgt 4557:(1): 83–95. 4093:|work= 3284:Dis Manibus 3242:sarcophagus 3029:August 2020 2963:yichus ovus 2959:zechut avot 2864:August 2020 2797:Members of 2770:Ofrenda in 2568:Isle of Man 2531:Modern-day 2527:Calan Gaeaf 2235:Maguindanao 2195:reincarnate 2173:Philippines 2123:Philippines 2101:ဇေတဝန်ဆောင် 2022:anniversary 1963:: 1953:: 1774:Ahom people 1500:Burning of 1332:Igbo people 906:Vaishnavism 837:Lutheranism 792:Anglicanism 476:René Girard 355:Ghost Dance 234:Transtheism 204:Sacred site 164:Nympholepsy 9397:Categories 9337:Gnosticism 9178:Winged sun 9023:Corn mummy 8925:Characters 8849:Werethekau 8687:Sebiumeker 8497:Meretseger 8362:Ikhemu-sek 8300:Hermanubis 7800:Philosophy 7790:Numerology 7358:Qasr Ibrim 6999:Pilgrimage 6944:Philosophy 6771:Ring shout 6609:Moni-Mambu 6574:Kuitikuiti 6409:Hop-tu-Naa 6236:Television 6179:Hell house 6103:Candy corn 5984:Traditions 5965:Activities 5734:Mediumship 5652:Polynesian 5593:California 5545:Caribbean 5477:Vietnamese 5154:," p. 115. 5120:2024-03-18 5096:2024-03-18 5068:2024-03-19 4954:2020-10-03 4901:2020-10-09 4833:2009-12-31 4653:2019-08-20 4611:2022-06-08 4486:2020-09-06 4419:2018-05-12 4189:2012-02-24 4076:2020-10-03 3917:"Mahalaya" 3901:2019-04-20 3836:13 January 3601:3 November 3590:veneration 3570:veneration 3555:2015-11-03 3529:2015-11-03 3483:2015-11-03 3457:References 3267:Parentalia 3251:See also: 3136:) and the 3098:became an 2924:Imam Ahmad 2749:World Wars 2736:Gettysburg 2634:newspapers 2573:Hop-tu-Naa 2521:Kalan Gwav 2494:, carving 2490:, wearing 2424:hell notes 2391:Nhà thờ họ 2389:See also: 2321:All Saints 2283:sampaguita 2247:Sama-Bajau 2245:among the 2233:among the 2225:among the 2216:psychopomp 2154:depicting 1933:See also: 1896:Minahasans 1888:Toba Batak 1846:months of 1844:Bhadrapada 1793:Rakhigarhi 1787:Rakhigarhi 1708:Durga Puja 1641:See also: 1482:Pali Canon 1458:See also: 1414:famadihana 1405:Madagascar 1397:Famadihana 1388:Madagascar 1374:A ƭat Roog 1306:veneration 1295:and other 1167:veneration 1028:Śvetāmbara 664:Böö mörgöl 446:Talal Asad 350:Cargo cult 179:Polytheism 174:Pilgrimage 159:Monotheism 144:Liminality 134:Initiation 129:Henotheism 104:Divination 94:Communitas 9283:Festivals 9148:Shen ring 9128:Ouroboros 9063:Eye of Ra 9018:Cartouche 8956:Locations 8901:Serpopard 8868:Creatures 8799:Tjenenyet 8782:Ta-Bitjet 8727:Shesmetet 8647:Renenutet 8632:Raet-Tawy 8552:Nehmetawy 8502:Meskhenet 8270:Hedjhotep 8125:Assessors 7823:Practices 7785:Mythology 7780:Maa Kheru 7760:Afterlife 7660:Languages 7625:Shen ring 7540:Eye of Ra 7495:Cartouche 7454:Serpopard 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