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1863:, and traditionally practice what authors characterise as a form of animism. During the mid-20th century an attempt was made to force a few Kalasha villages in Pakistan to convert to Islam, but the people fought the conversion and, once official pressure was removed, the vast majority resumed the practice of their own religion. Nevertheless, some Kalasha have since converted to Islam, despite being shunned afterward by their community for having done so.
557:, some anthropologists question modernist assumptions and theorize that all societies continue to "animate" the world around them. In contrast to Tylor's reasoning, however, this "animism" is considered to be more than just a remnant of primitive thought. More specifically, the "animism" of modernity is characterized by humanity's "professional subcultures", as in the ability to treat the world as a detached entity within a delimited sphere of activity.
1702:
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beings and their own written signs. For instance, as soon as someone reads letters on a page or screen, they can "see what it says"âthe letters speak as much as nature spoke to pre-literate peoples. Reading can usefully be understood as an intensely concentrated form of animism, one that effectively eclipses all of the other, older, more spontaneous forms of animistic participation in which humans were once engaged.
6128:
2174:, invisible entities akin to spirits in the Western sense dominant in the Arab religious systems, hardly fit the description of Animism in a strict sense. The jinn are considered to be analogous to the human soul by living lives like that of humans, but they are not exactly like human souls neither are they spirits of the dead. It is unclear if belief in jinn derived from nomadic or sedentary populations.
471:âwho felt that it aptly described their own beliefs, and who in some cases actively identified as "animists." It was thus readopted by various scholars, who began using the term in a different way, placing the focus on knowing how to behave toward other beings, some of whom are not human. As religious studies scholar Graham Harvey stated, while the "old animist" definition had been problematic, the term
580:" rather than a failure of primitive reasoning. That is, self-identity among animists is based on their relationships with others, rather than any distinctive features of the "self". Instead of focusing on the essentialized, modernist self (the "individual"), persons are viewed as bundles of social relationships ("dividuals"), some of which include "superpersons" (i.e. non-humans).
304:
fundamentally seen as a mistake, a basic error from which all religions grew. He did not believe that animism was inherently illogical, but he suggested that it arose from early humans' dreams and visions and thus was a rational system. However, it was based on erroneous, unscientific observations about the nature of reality. Stringer notes that his reading of
2394:
this assumption requires that everything be conscious on that level. If the world is truly quantum animated, then there is an immense amount of invisible inner experience going on all around us that is presently inaccessible to humans, because our own inner lives are imprisoned inside a small quantum system, isolated deep in the meat of an animal brain.
2234:, shamanism encompasses the premise that shamans are intermediaries or messengers between the human world and the spirit worlds. Shamans are said to treat ailments and illnesses by mending the soul. Alleviating traumas affecting the soul or spirit restores the physical body of the individual to balance and wholeness. The shaman also enters
2428:
our experience. The animist experience, or the wolf's or raven's experience, thus become licensed as equally valid worldviews to the modern western scientific one; they are indeed more valid, since they are not plagued with the incoherence that inevitably arises when "objective existence" is separated from "subjective experience."
424:, animism shares similarities with totemism but differs in its focus on individual spirit beings which help to perpetuate life, whereas totemism more typically holds that there is a primary source, such as the land itself or the ancestors, who provide the basis to life. Certain indigenous religious groups such as the
292:, in which he defined it as "the general doctrine of souls and other spiritual beings in general." According to Tylor, animism often includes "an idea of pervading life and will in nature;" a belief that natural objects other than humans have souls. This formulation was little different from that proposed by
268:
571:
Positivistic ideas about the meaning of 'nature', 'life', and 'personhood' misdirected these previous attempts to understand the local concepts. Classical theoreticians (it is argued) attributed their own modernist ideas of self to 'primitive peoples' while asserting that the 'primitive peoples' read
357:
With the development of private property, the descent groups were displaced by the emergence of the territorial state. These rituals and beliefs eventually evolved over time into the vast array of "developed" religions. According to Tylor, as society became more scientifically advanced, fewer members
2460:
communities of New
Zealand, there is an acknowledgement that creating art through carving wood or stone entails violence against the wood or stone person and that the persons who are damaged therefore have to be placated and respected during the process; any excess or waste from the creation of the
2393:
The quantum consciousness assumption, which amounts to a kind of "quantum animism" likewise asserts that consciousness is an integral part of the physical world, not an emergent property of special biological or computational systems. Since everything in the world is on some level a quantum system,
560:
Human beings continue to create personal relationships with elements of the aforementioned objective world, such as pets, cars, or teddy bears, which are recognized as subjects. As such, these entities are "approached as communicative subjects rather than the inert objects perceived by modernists."
2427:
does for pit vipers, and is epistemologically on a par with, rather than superior to, such capabilities. The meaning or aliveness of the "objects" we encounter, rocks, trees, rivers, and other animals, thus depends for its validity not on a detached cognitive judgment, but purely on the quality of
2406:
Herbert's quantum
Animism differs from traditional Animism in that it avoids assuming a dualistic model of mind and matter. Traditional dualism assumes that some kind of spirit inhabits a body and makes it move, a ghost in the machine. Herbert's quantum Animism presents the idea that every natural
697:
To tell the story in this mannerâto provide an animistic account of reason, rather than the other way aroundâis to imply that animism is the wider and more inclusive term and that oral, mimetic modes of experience still underlie, and support, all our literate and technological modes of reflection.
688:
is in close accord with humanity's spontaneous perceptual experience by drawing attention to the senses, and to the primacy of sensuous terrain, enjoining a more respectful and ethical relation to the more-than-human community of animals, plants, soils, mountains, waters, and weather-patterns that
450:
Stewart
Guthrie saw animismâor "attribution" as he preferred itâas an evolutionary strategy to aid survival. He argued that both humans and other animal species view inanimate objects as potentially alive as a means of being constantly on guard against potential threats. His suggested explanation,
2251:). Hence, the shaman's ability to heal individual instances of disease (or imbalance) within the human community is a byproduct of their more continual practice of balancing the reciprocity between the human community and the wider collective of animate beings in which that community is embedded.
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to obtain solutions to problems afflicting the community. Shamans may visit other worlds or dimensions to bring guidance to misguided souls and to ameliorate illnesses of the human soul caused by foreign elements. The shaman operates primarily within the spiritual world, which in turn affects the
112:
Although each culture has its own mythologies and rituals, animism is said to describe the most common, foundational thread of indigenous peoples' "spiritual" or "supernatural" perspectives. The animistic perspective is so widely held and inherent to most indigenous peoples that they often do not
517:
did not require human-likeness, but rather humans were perceived as being like other persons, who for instance included rock persons and bear persons. For the Ojibwe, these persons were each willful beings, who gained meaning and power through their interactions with others; through respectfully
2113:. (Gospel of John 1:14, Colossians 2:9). Animism is not peripheral to Christian identity but is its nurturing home ground, its axis mundi. In addition to the conceptual work the term animism performs, it provides insight into the relational character and common personhood of material existence.
692:
In contrast to a long-standing tendency in the
Western social sciences, which commonly provide rational explanations of animistic experience, Abram develops an animistic account of reason itself. He holds that civilised reason is sustained only by intensely animistic participation between human
350:. By the end of the 19th century, an orthodoxy on "primitive society" had emerged, but few anthropologists still would accept that definition. The "19th-century armchair anthropologists" argued that "primitive society" (an evolutionary category) was ordered by kinship and divided into exogamous
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In other instances, animists believe that interaction with plant and fungi persons can result in the communication of things unknown or even otherwise unknowable. Among some modern Pagans, for instance, relationships are cultivated with specific trees, who are understood to bestow knowledge or
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Abram, however, articulates a less supernatural and much more ecological understanding of the shaman's role than that propounded by Eliade. Drawing upon his own field research in
Indonesia, Nepal, and the Americas, Abram suggests that in animistic cultures, the shaman functions primarily as an
751:
There is ongoing disagreement (and no general consensus) as to whether animism is merely a singular, broadly encompassing religious belief or a worldview in and of itself, comprising many diverse mythologies found worldwide in many diverse cultures. This also raises a controversy regarding the
777:, although the two are sometimes confused. Moreover, some religions are both pantheistic and animistic. One of the main differences is that while animists believe everything to be spiritual in nature, they do not necessarily see the spiritual nature of everything in existence as being united (
521:
Hallowell's approach to the understanding of Ojibwe personhood differed strongly from prior anthropological concepts of animism. He emphasized the need to challenge the modernist, Western perspectives of what a person is, by entering into a dialogue with different worldwide views. Hallowell's
2264:
Animism entails the belief that all living things have a soul, and thus, a central concern of animist thought surrounds how animals can be eaten, or otherwise used for humans' subsistence needs. The actions of non-human animals are viewed as "intentional, planned and purposive", and they are
2309:
Some animists also view plant and fungi life as persons and interact with them accordingly. The most common encounter between humans and these plant and fungi persons is with the former's collection of the latter for food, and for animists, this interaction typically has to be carried out
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artwork is returned to the land, while the artwork itself is treated with particular respect. Harvey, therefore, argued that the creation of art among the MÄori was not about creating an inanimate object for display, but rather a transformation of different persons within a relationship.
303:
For Tylor, animism represented the earliest form of religion, being situated within an evolutionary framework of religion that has developed in stages and which will ultimately lead to humanity rejecting religion altogether in favor of scientific rationality. Thus, for Tylor, animism was
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and those stones which are situated beneath trees struck by lightning, which were understood to have become
Thunderers themselves. The Ojibwe conceived of weather as being capable of having personhood, with storms being conceived of as persons known as 'Thunderers' whose sounds conveyed
128:
discrepancies, opinions differ on whether animism refers to an ancestral mode of experience common to indigenous peoples around the world or to a full-fledged religion in its own right. The currently accepted definition of animism was only developed in the late 19th century (1871) by
603:
Stewart
Guthrie expressed criticism of Bird-David's attitude towards animism, believing that it promulgated the view that "the world is in large measure whatever our local imagination makes it." This, he felt, would result in anthropology abandoning "the scientific project."
660:
Abram suggests that material things are never entirely passive in our direct perceptual experience, holding rather that perceived things actively "solicit our attention" or "call our focus", coaxing the perceiving body into an ongoing participation with those things.
715:
as the belief "that the world is full of persons, only some of whom are human, and that life is always lived in relationship with others." He added that it is therefore "concerned with learning how to be a good person in respectful relationships with other persons."
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from it so that the two glide ceaselessly in and out of each other in a sealed circuit". The animist hunter is thus aware of himself as a human hunter, but, through mimicry, is able to assume the viewpoint, senses, and sensibilities of his prey, to be one with it.
308:
led him to believe that Tylor was far more sympathetic in regard to "primitive" populations than many of his contemporaries and that Tylor expressed no belief that there was any difference between the intellectual capabilities of "savage" people and
Westerners.
451:
however, did not deal with the question of why such a belief became central to the religion. In 2000, Guthrie suggested that the "most widespread" concept of animism was that it was the "attribution of spirits to natural phenomena such as stones and trees."
2344:
Various animistic cultures also comprehend stones as persons. Discussing ethnographic work conducted among the Ojibwe, Harvey noted that their society generally conceived of stones as being inanimate, but with two notable exceptions: the stones of the
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intermediary between the human community and the more-than-human community of active agenciesâthe local animals, plants, and landforms (mountains, rivers, forests, winds, and weather patterns, all of which are felt to have their own specific
251:, which have since been termed the old animism, were concerned with knowledge on what is alive and what factors make something alive. The old animism assumed that animists were individuals who were unable to understand the difference between
2296:
In animism, rituals are performed to maintain relationships between humans and spirits. Indigenous peoples often perform these rituals to appease the spirits and request their assistance during activities such as hunting and healing. In the
561:
These approaches aim to avoid the modernist assumption that the environment consists of a physical world distinct from the world of humans, as well as the modernist conception of the person being composed dualistically of a body and a soul.
2293:('eagle'), conveying welcome to the bird and expressing pleasure at its beauty, and they later articulated the view that the eagle's actions reflected its approval of the event, and the Mi'kmaq's return to traditional spiritual practices.
698:
When reflection's rootedness in such bodily, participatory modes of experience is entirely unacknowledged or unconscious, reflective reason becomes dysfunctional, unintentionally destroying the corporeal, sensuous world that sustains it.
5572:
1769:, are central to Shinto. All things, including natural forces and well-known geographical locations, are thought to be home to the kami. The kami are worshipped at kamidana household shrines, family shrines, and jinja public shrines.
1915:'s invasions. Nuristan had been forcibly converted to Islam in 1895â96, although some evidence has shown the people continued to practice their customs. The Kalash of Chitral have maintained their own separate cultural traditions.
412:
rather than animism, with few directly challenging Tylor's definition. Anthropologists "have commonly avoided the issue of animism and even the term itself, rather than revisit this prevalent notion in light of their new and rich
2415:, Ashley Curtis (2018) has argued that the Cartesian idea of an experiencing subject facing off with an inert physical world is incoherent at its very foundation and that this incoherence is consistent with rather than belied by
781:) the way pantheists do. As a result, animism puts more emphasis on the uniqueness of each individual soul. In pantheism, everything shares the same spiritual essence, rather than having distinct spirits or souls. For example,
4993:
The
History of Sumatra: Containing an Account of the Government, Laws, Customs and Manners of the Native Inhabitants, with a Description of the Natural Productions, and a Relation of the Ancient Political State of that
2050:. It includes belief in a spirit world existing alongside and interacting with the material world, as well as the belief that everything has a spirit, from rocks and trees to animals and humans to natural phenomena.
2440:, because it accords "intelligence, rationality, consciousness, volition, agency, intentionality, language, and desire" to non-humans. Similarly, it challenges the view of human uniqueness that is prevalent in both
615:
Hunter-gatherers do not, as a rule, approach their environment as an external world of nature that has to be 'grasped' intellectually ... indeed the separation of mind and nature has no place in their thought and
837:
Napatan and
Meroitic periods, with displays of animals in Amulets and the esteemed antiques of Lions, appear to be an Animistic culture rather than a polytheistic culture. The Kermans likely treated
5058:
The Pantheon: Representing the Fabulous Histories of the Heathen Gods, and the Most Illustrious Heroes of Antiquity, in a Short, Plain, and Familiar Method, by Way of Dialogue, for the Use of Schools
363:
The term clearly began as an expression of a nest of insulting approaches to indigenous peoples and the earliest putatively religious humans. It was and sometimes remains, a colonialist slur.
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Animismus. Eine EinfĂŒhrung in die begrifflichen Grundlagen des Welt- und Menschenbildes traditionaler (ethnischer) Gesellschaften fĂŒr Entwicklungshelfer und kirchliche Mitarbeiter in Ăbersee
1124:, Krishna said, "There is a banyan tree which has its roots upward and its branches down, and the Vedic hymns are its leaves. One who knows this tree is the knower of the Vedas." (Bg 15.1)
2623:
The Kalash people are small in number, hardly exceeding 3,000, but ... as well as having their own language and costume, they practice animism (the worship of spirits in nature) ...
731:" as opposed to "I-it". In such, Harvey says, the animist takes an I-thou approach to relating to the world, whereby objects and animals are treated as a "thou", rather than as an "it".
7714:
2350:
communications and who engaged in seasonal conflict over the lakes and forests, throwing lightning at lake monsters. Wind, similarly, can be conceived as a person in animistic thought.
2186:
groups, including Eco-pagans, describe themselves as animists, meaning that they respect the diverse community of living beings and spirits with whom humans share the world and cosmos.
152:
exists not only in humans but also in other animals, plants, rocks, geographic features (such as mountains and rivers), and other entities of the natural environment. Examples include
2075:(Hindu) who holds the access to divine realms; for this reason they are invoked first and are the first to receive offerings, regardless of the deity the worshipper wants to pray to.
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as they dig up the latter. While doing so, there is an awareness of a kinship relationship between the MÄori and the sweet potatoes, with both understood as having arrived in
447:
argued the opposite, believing that children were not born with an animist worldview but that they became acculturated to such beliefs as they were educated by their society.
396:. Primitive people believed, he argued, that they were descended from the same species as their totemic animal. Subsequent debate by the "armchair anthropologists" (including
4333:
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of that society would believe in animism. However, any remnant ideologies of souls or spirits, to Tylor, represented "survivals" of the original animism of early humanity.
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Nowhere is this more evident than among the pagan Kalash, a non-Islamic community living in the isolated valleys of Chitral whose faith is founded on animism.
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8119:
1113:, sacred to Indian religions, has branches spread over five acres and was listed as the world's largest banyan tree in the Guinness World Records in 1989.
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can refer to the traditional polytheistic, animist, and in some rare cases, shamanistic, religions of the peoples of the Arabian Peninsula. The belief in
2071:. The omnipotent Bathala also presides over the spirits of ancestors called Anito. Anitos serve as intermediaries between mortals and the divine, such as
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History of the Indian Archipelago: Containing an Account of the Manners, Art, Languages, Religions, Institutions, and Commerce of Its Inhabitants
636:, in this view, is an everyday attempt to influence spirits of ancestors and animals, by mirroring their behaviors, as the hunter does its prey.
623:
extends the argument by noting that animists reject this Cartesian dualism and that the animist self identifies with the world, "feeling at once
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In many animistic world views, the human being is often regarded as on a roughly equal footing with other animals, plants, and natural forces.
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2851:. Contributed by Helen James; coordinated by Elliott Shaw with assistance from Ian Favell. ELMAR Project (University of Cumbria). 1998â1999.
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He identifies them more particularly with the Gandhari, that is to say, the former inhabitants of what is now known as the Mohmand country.
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1376:
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Torri, Davide (2010). "10. In the Shadow of the Devil: Traditional patterns of Lepcha culture reinterpreted". In Ferrari, Fabrizio (ed.).
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reassessing the idea of animism in 1999. Seven comments from other academics were provided in the journal, debating Bird-David's ideas.
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Harvey expressed the view that animist worldviews were present in various works of literature, citing such examples as the writings of
196:
initially wanted to describe the phenomenon as spiritualism, but he realized that it would cause confusion with the modern religion of
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The importance of place is also a recurring element of animism, with some places being understood to be persons in their own right.
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chiefs in the 19th century. It was anthropological studies of Ojibwe religion that resulted in the development of the "new animism".
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5210:
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475:
was nevertheless "of considerable value as a critical, academic term for a style of religious and cultural relating to the world."
248:
3692:
When Someone You Love Is Wiccan: A Guide to Witchcraft and Paganism for Concerned Friends, Nervous parents, and Curious Co-Workers
7442:
7412:
4334:"The Kalash â Protection and Conservation of an Endangered Minority in the Hindukush Mountain Belt of Chitral, Northern Pakistan"
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altogether; or, by endowing various non-human elements of nature with spirituality or personhood, it in fact promotes a complex
9734:
7643:
1661:
1558:
1005:
4686:
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See, for instance, the automated search of the SLTP ed. of the Pali Canon for the root "nigrodh" which results in 243 matches
354:
related by a series of marriage exchanges. Their religion was animism, the belief that natural species and objects had souls.
140:
Animism encompasses beliefs that all material phenomena have agency, that there exists no categorical distinction between the
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inanimate objects and that it was only later that they grew out of this belief. Conversely, from her ethnographic research,
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2010:
2006:
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once had the same culture and practised a faith very similar to that of the Kalash, differing in a few minor particulars.
549:
that divides the subjective from the objective, and culture from nature. In the modernist view, animism is the inverse of
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in 1996; an eagle flew over the proceedings, circling over the central drum group. The assembled participants called out
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is inherently animistic in that it discloses a material field that is animate and self-organizing from the beginning.
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The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East: Volume III: Volume III: From the Hyksos to the Late Second Millennium BC
3807:
856:
includes the traditional polytheistic, animist, and in some rare cases, shamanistic, religions of the Berber people.
200:, which was then prevalent across Western nations. He adopted the term animism from the writings of German scientist
5222:
4980:
The History of Sumatra: Containing an Account of the Government, Laws, Customs and Manners of the Native Inhabitants
3511:
6160:
2375:
1732:
864:
220:, and that the normal phenomena of life and the abnormal phenomena of disease could be traced to spiritual causes.
4850:
3379:
Hornborg, Alf (2006). "Animism, fetishism, and objectivism as strategies for knowing (or not knowing) the world".
2737:
Hornborg, Alf (2006). "Animism, fetishism, and objectivism as strategies for knowing (or not knowing) the world".
10821:
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10438:
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Harvey opined that animism's views on personhood represented a radical challenge to the dominant perspectives of
1109:) married women observe a fast, tie threads around a banyan tree, and pray for the well-being of their husbands.
921:, a reservoir equals ten ponds, while a son equals ten reservoirs, and a tree equals ten sons." Indian religions
113:
even have a word in their languages that corresponds to "animism" (or even "religion"). The term "animism" is an
9550:
5998:
Forbes, Andrew; Henley, David (2012). "Lamphun's Little-Known Animal Shrines (Animist traditions in Thailand)".
3618:
Primitive culture: researches into the development of mythology, philosophy, religion, language, art, and custom
1885:
who were left behind from his armed campaign, though no evidence exists for him to have passed the area.{{efn|
259:. Critics of the old animism have accused it of preserving "colonialist and dualistic worldviews and rhetoric."
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in Indic religions, which are sacred groves containing five type of trees, usually chosen from among the Vata (
6118:
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4043:
3707:
Ideas in Seventeenth-century France: The Most Important Thinkers and the Climate of Ideas in which They Worked
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6088:, and the essay "Our Religions: Are They the Religions of Humanity Itself?", usually available at Ishmael.org
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1543:
1260:
930:
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from another location possibly further south, which the Kalash call "Tsiyam" in their folk songs and epics.
1859:
They are considered unique among the people of Pakistan. They are also considered to be Pakistan's smallest
10705:
8887:
7308:
1874:-speakers. The Kalash are considered to be an indigenous people of Asia, with their ancestors migrating to
1766:
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region, certain rituals are common before the hunt as a means to show respect for the spirits of animals.
899:, the animistic aspects of nature worship and ecological conservation are part of the core belief system.
10831:
10117:
10074:
9604:
9594:
8584:
8528:
6894:
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5135:
Magic and Divination in Early Islam. (2021). Vereinigtes Königreich: Taylor & Francis.
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1866:
The term is used to refer to many distinct people including the VĂ€i, the Äima-niĆĄei, the VĂąntĂ€, plus the
1253:
853:
1263:
was practiced from 1600 BCE to 1046 BCE, and was built on the idea of spiritualizing natural phenomena.
743:
A tableau presenting figures of various cultures filling in mediator-like roles, often being termed as "
344:" by lawyers, theologians, and philologists. The debate defined the field of research of a new science:
10079:
9744:
9709:
9505:
7332:
6274:
5215:
4688:
South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
2862:
2419:. Human reason (and its rigorous extension in the natural sciences) fits an evolutionary niche just as
2124:
approach that understands God being present in all earthly objects, such as animals, trees, and rocks.
2103:
1826:
of Northern Pakistan follow an ancient animistic religion identified with an ancient form of Hinduism.
649:
5882:
5627:
Miyazaki's Animism Abroad: The Reception of Japanese Religious Themes by American and German Audiences
4430:
3090:
Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom
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are capable of interacting with humans and causing problems if they are not honoured appropriately.
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1381:
1361:
82:
20:
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Wallace, Mark I. (2013). "Christian Animism, Green Spirit Theology, and the Global Crisis today".
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Vontress, Clemmont E. (2005). "Animism: Foundation of Traditional Healing in Sub-Saharan Africa".
1139:
nature, likening the banyan's supplanting of a host tree as comparable to the way sensual desire (
680:, as well as the perspectival worldviews of diverse indigenous oral cultures, to propose a richly
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More recently, postmodern anthropologists are increasingly engaging with the concept of animism.
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467:. However, the term had also been claimed by religious groupsânamely, Indigenous communities and
197:
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physical gifts, such as flowers, sap, or wood that can be used as firewood or to fashion into a
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systems and ceremonies with humans, as well as having their own kinship systems and ceremonies.
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Stringer, Martin D. (1999). "Rethinking Animism: Thoughts from the Infancy of our Discipline".
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The idea that there had once been "one universal form of primitive religion" (whether labelled
164:, among others. Animism may further attribute a life force to abstract concepts such as words,
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Religious Beliefs and Life at the Beginning of the Spanish Regime in the Philippines: Readings
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movement commonly demonstrates animistic traits in asserting the existence of nature spirits.
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1240:'the Way of the Gods') is a term originated by Chinese folk religions influenced by,
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917:(hymn), which explains the importance of reverence of ecology. It states: "A pond equals ten
397:
153:
16:
Religious belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence
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system has an inner life, a conscious center, from which it directs and observes its action.
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Animism can also entail relationships being established with non-corporeal spirit entities.
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respectfully. Harvey cited the example of MÄori communities in New Zealand, who often offer
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as a special sacred site, and passed it on to the Kushites and Egyptians who venerated the
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Tylor's definition of animism was part of a growing international debate on the nature of "
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In indigenous Filipino belief, the Bathala is the omnipotent deity which was derived from
553:, and hence, is deemed inherently invalid by some anthropologists. Drawing on the work of
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172:. Some members of the non-tribal world also consider themselves animists, such as author
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Tylor's notion of animismâfor him the first religionâincluded the assumption that early
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and story-based cosmology in which matter is alive. He suggested that such a relational
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Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-Worshippers and Other Pagans in America
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has argued for "quantum animism" in which the mind permeates the world at every level:
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of God (Jeremiah 23:24; Proverbs 15:3; 1 Kings 8:27), and God is bodily present in the
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are basically a complex form of animism with polytheistic and shamanistic elements and
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382:
In 1869 (three years after Tylor proposed his definition of animism), Edinburgh lawyer
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In Hinduism, the leaf of the banyan tree is said to be the resting place for the god
673:
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5562:"Spirits, gods and pastel paints: The weird world of master animator Hayao Miyazaki"
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Colliding Continents: A geological exploration of the Himalaya, Karakoram, and Tibet
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cited an example of an animist understanding of animal behavior that occurred at a
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human world. The restoration of balance results in the elimination of the ailment.
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A shaman is a person regarded as having access to, and influence in, the world of
1961:, the native Korean belief, has many animist aspects. The various deities, called
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ethical claims animism may or may not make: whether animism ignores questions of
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439:
suggested that children were born with an innate animist worldview in which they
217:
181:
121:
7174:
5886:. Vol. 2 (9th ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 55â57.
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3830:
Emberling, Geoff; Minor, Elizabeth (2022). "Early Kush: The Kingdom of Kerma".
2516:
2505:
2501:
2493:
2456:
Animist beliefs can also be expressed through artwork. For instance, among the
2317:
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understood to be persons, as they are both alive, and communicate with others.
1875:
1777:
1148:
1102:
986:
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782:
611:
argues that animists do not see themselves as separate from their environment:
468:
341:
325:
66:
30:
5805:
5659:
3392:
2897:. President and Fellows of Harvard College and Diana Eck. 2005. Archived from
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1411:
518:
interacting with other persons, they themselves learned to "act as a person".
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5691:
The Spell of the Sensuous: Perception and Language in a More-than-Human World
5599:
5205:
5083:
2497:
2231:
2091:
2037:
1907:
The first historically recorded Islamic invasions of their lands were by the
1830:
1823:
1536:
1490:
1178:
1164:
1121:
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826:
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proposed an ethical and ecological understanding of animism, grounded in the
444:
414:
405:
328:, who stated that "it removes complexity, a precondition of religion now, in
293:
177:
145:
114:
8848:
4875:
4809:
3433:
The Perception of the Environment: Essays in livelihood, dwelling, and skill
3222:
The Perception of the Environment: Essays on Livelihood, Dwelling, and Skill
2898:
2116:
With rising awareness of ecological preservation, recently theologians like
1911:
in the 11th century while they themselves are first attested in 1339 during
1748:
is the traditional Japanese folk religion and has many animist aspects. The
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10521:
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10393:
10308:
10240:
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9525:
9474:
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7292:
7076:
7029:
7024:
6984:
6745:
6628:
6493:
6085:
6075:
5938:
5908:
Soul Hunters: Hunting, animism, and personhood among the Siberian Yukaghirs
5813:
5735:""Animism" Revisited: Personhood, Environment, and Relational Epistemology"
5033:
Sacred Sacrifice: Ritual Paradigms in Vedic Religion and Early Christianity
4112:
3787:
Integrating Traditional Healing Practices into Counseling and Psychotherapy
2584:
2509:
2481:
2477:
2469:
2183:
2099:
2027:
sacred Indigenous Philippine shrines, forests, mountains and sacred grounds
1973:
1681:
1666:
1601:
1444:
1406:
1245:
980:
951:
849:
838:
834:
724:
577:
554:
543:
463:, deeming it to be too close to early anthropological theory and religious
346:
324:) has been dismissed as "unsophisticated" and "erroneous" by archaeologist
279:
271:
173:
141:
134:
102:
54:
5072:
Interdisciplinary and Religio-Cultural Discourses on a Spirit-Filled World
4825:"The Tinguian; Social, Religious, and Economic life of a Philippine tribe"
3799:
2268:
In animist worldviews, non-human animals are understood to participate in
1656:
1500:
10588:
10573:
10453:
10448:
9994:
9927:
9846:
9811:
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9319:
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7009:
6994:
6936:
6849:
6775:
6698:
6478:
6441:
6409:
6404:
6392:
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5968:
A History of God: The 4,000-Year Quest of Judaism, Christianity and Islam
5684:
2574:
2549:
2539:
2489:
2465:
2445:
2284:
2281:
2059:
2041:
2017:, animism is part of their core beliefs as demonstrated by the belief in
1980:
1901:
1470:
1135:) is referenced numerous times. Typical metaphors allude to the banyan's
1086:
1082:
1074:
1052:
669:
645:
588:
436:
98:
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7189:
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auch bei: Erlanger Verlag fĂŒr Mission und Okumene, Neuendettelsau 2004,
5875:
4109:
Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Saáčyutta NikÄya
2807:
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2136:
1927:
1792:
1275:
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10235:
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10009:
9979:
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9900:
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9464:
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8977:
8940:
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7019:
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6623:
6553:
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6453:
6446:
6424:
6365:
6340:
6335:
6229:
6032:
4889:
4735:. Vol. 6. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt Graz. p. 349.
3553:
Leeming, David A.; Madden, Kathryn; Marlan, Stanton (6 November 2009).
3426:
3217:
2891:"Native American Religious and Cultural Freedom: An Introductory Essay"
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are more typically totemic in their worldview, whereas others like the
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Animist worldviews have also been identified in the animated films of
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10205:
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169:
165:
149:
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4906:, The University of Hong Kong Press, pages 16, 123, 494â495, 550â552
4403:"'Earthquake was Allah's wrath for Kalash community's immoral ways'"
3865:"Haryana mulls giving marks to class 12 students for planting trees"
2715:
2336:
of mead or ale, a drop of blood from a finger, or a strand of wool.
1993:
spirit of her village that reside in the water-worn stones known as
938:
785:
equated the world soul with God and espoused a pantheistic animism.
81:âas being animated, having agency and free will. Animism is used in
10725:
10715:
10200:
10195:
10190:
10142:
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7946:
7892:
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7715:
Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period
7638:
7381:
Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
7199:
7081:
6999:
6839:
6802:
6618:
6308:
6185:
5797:
5753:
5734:
5108:"Theologian Mark Wallace Explores Christian Animism in Recent Book"
2569:
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2321:
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1976:
1853:
1701:
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1591:
1136:
1033:
1025:
1017:
910:
888:
884:
798:
685:
409:
392:
6638:
3175:
The Invention of Primitive Society: Transformations of an illusion
1055:
festival, married women tie threads around a banyan tree in India.
511:
in the mid-20th century. For the Ojibwe encountered by Hallowell,
454:
9974:
9885:
9806:
9439:
9392:
9112:
8875:
8736:
8038:
7184:
7114:
7004:
6740:
6345:
6239:
6190:
4634:
4195:. Facts on File Library of World History. Infobase. p. 462.
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2022:
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is considered holy in several religious traditions of India. The
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351:
252:
213:
125:
74:
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related to the banyan tree, and is observed by married women in
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9147:
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Pagan Christmas: Winter Feasts of the Kalasha of the Hindu Kush
4389:
Pagan Christmas: Winter Feasts of the Kalasha of the Hindu Kush
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2064:
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1201:. It is a polytheistic and animist religion and is named after
1060:
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778:
753:
744:
723:(2013), Harvey identifies the animist perspective in line with
508:
504:
503:, produced on the basis of his ethnographic research among the
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86:
58:
50:
38:
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2018:
1989:
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is distinct from Shinto, but shares similar characteristics.
1021:
664:
In the absence of intervening technologies, he suggests that
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429:
70:
62:
5977:
Urarina Society, Cosmology, and History in Peruvian Amazonia
9402:
9164:
7154:
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6854:
6812:
5441:"Holistic Physics â or â An Introduction to Quantum Tantra"
5131:
5129:
4075:"Search term 'Nigrodh' found in 243 pages in all documents"
3963:"Mumbai: Women celebrate Vat Purnima at Jogeshwari station"
3220:(2000). "Totemism, Animism, and the Depiction of Animals".
3111:
Reinvention of Primitive Society: Transformations of a Myth
2824:
Ritual and Belief: Readings in the Anthropology of Religion
2329:
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2072:
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philosophy, referring to the divine order of nature or the
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106:
78:
53:
that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct
46:
42:
5393:
5366:
5354:
5286:
4917:
Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society
4852:
Barangay: Sixteenth century Philippine culture and society
4597:. Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente. 1992.
4261:
Laiyingthou Sanamahi Amasung Sanamahi Laining Hinggat Ihou
4111:(Boston: Wisdom Publications), pp. 1593, 1906 n. 81; and,
1151:(also known as Munism or Bongthingism) is the traditional
9484:
8043:
6169:
5383:
5381:
5344:
5342:
5329:
5327:
4363:"Richard Strand's NuristĂąn Site: The Kalasha of KalashĂŒm"
4278:. (2019). "Identifying local actors of deforestation and
3902:
2913:
1205:, one of the most important deities of the Meitei faith.
1090:
93:
in contrast to the relatively more recent development of
6035:. 2006. "Rethinking the animate, re-animating thought."
6009:. 1960. "Ojibwa ontology, behavior, and world view." In
5540:
5480:
5126:
4882:
The Soul Book: Introduction to Philippine pagan religion
4357:
4355:
4353:
3636:
The World's Religions: Continuities and Transformations.
3283:
3067:
3065:
3063:
2036:' spirit') refers to the various indigenous shamanistic
499:
emerged largely from the publications of anthropologist
5307:"Animism in Anthropological and Psychological Contexts"
5009:. College of Theology, Silliman University, 1964. p. 46
4940:, Volume 1. University of the Philippines Press, 2014.
4880:; Nakpil-Zialcita, Roberto B.; Feleo, Fernando (1991).
4829:
Field Museum of Natural History: Anthropological Series
3741:
The Wakeful World: Animism, Mind and the Self in Nature
3326:
3324:
3322:
3237:
3235:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3032:
868:
Ingrown sculpture of human head in a tree trunk in Laos
639:
6138:
5492:
5417:
5405:
5378:
5339:
5324:
5274:
5262:
5250:
4972:
4627:
3407:
3271:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3181:
3132:
3130:
702:
242:
5528:
5516:
5504:
5238:
4904:
Saivism in Indonesia during the Hindu-Javanese period
4350:
4141:. Vol. 7. Mittal Publications. pp. 284â86.
4038:
3060:
3048:
2980:
8783:
8446:
7819:
5018:
Blair, Emma Helen & Robertson, James Alexander.
4845:
3501:
3499:
3486:
3484:
3360:
3348:
3336:
3319:
3307:
3295:
3259:
3247:
3232:
3154:
3029:
377:
6081:
The Story of B: An Adventure of the Mind and Spirit
5468:
5022:, Volume 40 (of 55): 1690â1691. Chapter XV, p. 106.
4773:Newby, Eric. A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush. 2008.
4395:
3552:
3193:
3177:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 6â7.
3142:
3127:
2968:
2956:
2836:
had invested animals and plants with souls ...
2044:, led by female or feminized male shamans known as
2000:
239:The first known usage in English appeared in 1819.
7765:
5688:
5560:
4919:. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
4855:. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
4517:
4328:
4326:
335:
8555:
5770:
4767:
4733:Historical and Political Gazetteer of Afghanistan
4481:
4479:
4107:46.39, "Trees ", trans. by Bhikkhu Bodhi (2000),
3771:
3697:
3654:(2 ed.). Cambridge: Polity. pp. 142â3.
3496:
3481:
2288:
1012:â the Great Banyan tree revered by the people of
223:The origin of the word comes from the Latin word
105:: specifically, on the concept of the immaterial
10793:
3102:
3100:
2641:
2639:
2025:as well as their conservation and veneration of
386:, argued that the animistic thinking evident in
4511:
4509:
4323:
4302:Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania
4192:Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania
4048:The Pali Text Society's Pali-English dictionary
2380:Body and Mind: A History and Defence of Animism
1749:
806:
522:approach influenced the work of anthropologist
274:developed animism as an anthropological theory.
7238:Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament
5624:
4476:
3829:
3731:
3000:"Animism - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms"
2703:Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
1758:
9335:
7751:
7325:A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts
6534:
6154:
6002:. Vol. 1. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books.
4869:
4790:Lee, Peter H.; De Bary, Wm. Theodore (1996).
4574:
4515:
3989:"Backpacker Backgammon Boards - Banyan Trees"
3097:
2636:
1726:
768:
300:", but the terms now have distinct meanings.
6061:EinfĂŒhrung in seine begrifflichen Grundlagen
5056:Pomey, François & Tooke, Andrew (1793).
4727:
4506:
4455:
4423:
2127:
1182:
829:display Animistic elements similar to other
262:
4961:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 219â220.
4936:de los Reyes y Florentino, Isabelo (2014).
4709:
4449:
4431:"The Kalash: Pakistan's last animist tribe"
4292:
4215:
3710:. Manchester University Press. p. 24.
3582:
1235:
576:She explains that animism is a "relational
478:
459:Many anthropologists ceased using the term
224:
206:
9349:
9342:
9328:
7758:
7744:
6541:
6527:
6161:
6147:
5903:
5732:
5652:"Hayao Miyazaki - The Essence of Humanity"
4839:
4789:
4168:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 149â156.
4165:Health and Religious Rituals in South Asia
3936:"Vat-Pournima: Worship of the banyan tree"
3471:
3455:
3204:
3023:
2919:
2788:
2695:
2693:
2177:
1733:
1719:
872:
533:
10741:Relationship between religion and science
6027:, edited by G. Harvey. London: Continuum.
6017:. (New York: Columbia University Press).
5874:Lonie, Alexander Charles Oughter (1878).
5752:
5625:Ogihara-Schuck, Eriko (16 October 2014).
5463:Compassion: A New Philosophy of the Other
4485:
2806:
2431:
1881:They claim to descend from the armies of
859:
435:From his studies into child development,
137:'s earliest concepts, if not the first."
6548:
6048:. Bad Liebenzell: Liebenzeller Mission.
5764:Error and Loss: A Licence to Enchantment
5211:Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy
4822:
4748:
4742:
4679:
4575:Nicolaisen, Johannes; Yde, Jens (1963).
3783:
3378:
2736:
2699:
2413:Error and Loss: A Licence to Enchantment
2120:argue for animistic Christianity with a
1967:
1046:
1004:
943:worship the mountains and their ecology.
863:
738:
582:
482:
266:
8648:
5784:Guthrie, Stewart (2000). "On Animism".
5783:
5558:
5435:
5204:
5069:
4823:Cole, Fay-Cooper; Gale, Albert (1922).
4794:. New York: Columbia University Press.
4721:
4257:
4155:
3883:, greenmesg.org, accessed 26 July 2021.
3556:Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion
3413:
3277:
2690:
2398:Werner Krieglstein wrote regarding his
2378:defended a form of animism in his book
1833:(Kalasha: کۧÙŰۧێŰۧ, romanised: Kaáž·aáčŁa,
788:
10794:
9667:Proper basis and Reformed epistemology
7644:List of people executed for witchcraft
5850:
5828:
5761:
5546:
5534:
5522:
5510:
5498:
5486:
5474:
5423:
5411:
5399:
5387:
5372:
5360:
5348:
5333:
5292:
5280:
5268:
5256:
5244:
5198:
4654:
4648:
4633:
3933:
3703:
3621:. Vol. 2. J. Murray. p. 360.
3533:
3425:
3366:
3354:
3342:
3330:
3313:
3301:
3289:
3265:
3253:
3241:
3216:
3187:
3160:
3148:
3136:
3093:. Vol. 1. J. Murray. p. 260.
3071:
3054:
3042:
2986:
2974:
2962:
2931:
2925:
2078:
1559:Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines
57:essence. Animism perceives all thingsâ
9323:
9289:Christianization of saints and feasts
9046:European Congress of Ethnic Religions
9000:
8791:
8647:
8554:
8445:
8099:
7827:
7739:
7613:Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire
6522:
6142:
5890:
5716:Becoming Animal: An Earthly Cosmology
5713:
5683:
5228:
4816:
4658:Himalayan Languages: Past and Present
4282:in the Kalasha valleys of Pakistan."
4161:
4132:
4126:
3874:
3647:
3611:
3588:
3517:
3505:
3490:
3172:
3106:
3083:
2821:
2657:
2451:
2011:pre-colonial religions of Philippines
455:"New animism" non-archaic definitions
278:The idea of animism was developed by
77:, human handiwork, and in some cases
5834:Animism: Respecting the Living World
5649:
5593:
5304:
5166:New Age Religion and Western Culture
4607:
4298:
4188:
4182:
4042:; Stede, William, eds. (1921â1925).
3858:
3744:. John Hunt Publishing. p. 87.
3536:The Handbook of Contemporary Animism
2935:Animism: Respecting the Living World
2686:from the original on 9 October 2022.
2668:
2666:
2259:
2131:
2007:indigenous Philippine folk religions
1922:
1787:
1270:
1208:
1085:and in the Western Indian states of
978:, Indian Gooseberry, Amla), Ashoka (
652:of sensory experience. In his books
640:Ethical and ecological understanding
5559:Epstein, Robert (31 January 2010).
5035:. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2005.
3934:Kerkar, Rajendra P. (7 June 2009).
3886:
3737:
1266:
703:Relation to the concept of 'I-thou'
644:Cultural ecologist and philosopher
13:
7710:Left-hand path and right-hand path
7285:De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus
5931:
5873:
5771:Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe (2003).
5658:. Channel Criswell. Archived from
4759:(Online ed.). United States:
4608:Shah, Danial (29 September 2012).
4578:Folk: dansk etnografisk tidsskrift
3842:10.1093/oso/9780190687601.003.0025
3115:(2nd ed.). Florence, KY, US:
2773:
2645:
14:
10853:
6106:
5150:Handbook of Contemporary Paganism
5020:The Philippine Islands, 1493â1898
4546:"Tribe of Kalash: The Last Kafir"
4139:Encyclopaedia of North-East India
4015:"Thimmamma Marrimanu â Anantapur"
2776:What Is Religion? An Introduction
2663:
2209:benevolent and malevolent spirits
2057:word for the Hindu supreme deity
1687:Syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism
1097:. For three days of the month of
390:gave rise to a religion he named
378:Confounding animism with totemism
10776:
10775:
10765:
8447:Middle-Eastern and North African
6504:
6126:
6112:
6025:Readings in Indigenous Religions
5643:
5618:
5594:Ross, David A. (19 April 2011).
5587:
5552:
5455:
5429:
5298:
5171:
5155:
5138:
5100:
5063:
5050:
5025:
5012:
5005:Silliman, Robert Benton (1964).
4999:
4951:
4930:
4909:
4896:
4783:
4749:Klimberg, Max (1 October 2004).
4299:West, Barbara A. (19 May 2010).
2135:
2001:Philippines indigenous religions
1926:
1791:
1783:
1700:
1331:
1274:
1105:(which falls in MayâJune in the
721:Handbook of Contemporary Animism
5893:Myth: A Very Short Introduction
5575:from the original on 7 May 2022
4601:
4585:
4568:
4538:
4380:
4268:
4251:
4226:
4209:
4097:
4066:
4032:
4007:
3981:
3955:
3927:
3893:"Peepal for east amla for west"
3823:
3777:
3684:
3668:
3641:
3625:
3605:
3573:
3546:
3527:
3419:
3372:
3210:
3166:
3077:
2992:
2883:
2869:
2740:Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology
2617:
2608:
2339:
2254:
2083:Animism also has influences in
814:: most religious traditions of
572:their idea of self into others!
336:Social evolutionist conceptions
9061:Polytheistic reconstructionism
7408:Jamyi Witch hiring controversy
7269:Summis desiderantes affectibus
6059:mit dem verkĂŒrzten Untertitel
5914:University of California Press
5650:Bond, Lewis (6 October 2015).
5060:. Silvester Doig, 1793. p. 151
4638:"The kalaáčŁa of kalaáčŁĂŒm Strand"
4552:. 1 March 2021. Archived from
4516:Sheehan, Sean (October 1993).
4456:Searle, Mike (28 March 2013).
4234:"The Revivalism of Sanamahism"
4189:West, Barbara A., ed. (2009).
3634:, and Peter Beyer, eds. 2009.
2841:
2815:
2782:
2767:
2730:
2651:
2364:
2211:, who typically enters into a
1261:Shang dynasty's state religion
1230:
990:, Cluster Fig, Gular), Nimba (
689:materially sustains humanity.
432:are more typically animistic.
1:
8556:Oceanian and Pacific Islander
6265:Negative and positive atheism
6255:Implicit and explicit atheism
6117:The dictionary definition of
5853:Archaeology, Ritual, Religion
4915:Scott, William Henry (1994).
4581:. Dansk etnografisk forening.
2630:
2580:Religion and environmentalism
2324:together in the same canoes.
1544:Association of Shinto Shrines
1458:
831:Traditional African religions
812:Traditional African religions
216:theory that souls formed the
204:, who had developed the term
144:and physical world, and that
10706:Desacralization of knowledge
8100:
7413:accusations against children
7309:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
5947:(Revised ed.). London:
5773:Ideas that Changed the World
5718:. New York: Pantheon Books.
5305:Koto, Koray (5 April 2023).
4655:Saxena, Anju (12 May 2011).
2778:. Paulist Press. p. 19.
2196:
807:African indigenous religions
420:According to anthropologist
249:anthropological perspectives
187:
7:
10118:Best of all possible worlds
10075:Eschatological verification
9632:Fine-tuning of the universe
5981:University Press of Florida
4792:Sources of Korean tradition
4550:Global Human Rights Defence
4284:Forest Policy and Economics
4133:Bareh, Hamlet, ed. (2001).
3836:. Oxford University Press.
2522:
2374:In the early 20th century,
1837:: à€à€łà€·), or Kalasha, are an
1750:
972:, Bengal Quince), Amalaki (
854:traditional Berber religion
773:Animism is not the same as
763:
734:
192:English anthropologist Sir
10:
10858:
8792:
7333:Daemonolatreiae libri tres
6276:Theological noncognitivism
6023:: 2002. Pp. 17â49 in
5975:Dean, Bartholomew (2009).
5880:. In Baynes, T. S. (ed.).
5836:. London: Hurst & Co.
5733:Bird-David, Nurit (1999).
5677:
5216:Princeton University Press
5214:. Bollingen Series LXXVI.
4884:. Quezon City: GCF Books.
4489:Spectrum Guide to Pakistan
2369:
2356:
2200:
792:
769:Distinction from pantheism
707:Religious studies scholar
18:
10761:
10693:
10597:
10482:
10402:
10337:
10259:
10166:
10151:
10103:
10065:
9777:
9702:
9577:
9568:
9498:
9435:
9426:
9357:
9284:Christianity and paganism
9274:
9088:
9011:
9007:
9001:
8996:
8804:
8800:
8787:
8774:
8660:
8656:
8643:
8565:
8561:
8550:
8456:
8452:
8441:
8110:
8106:
8095:
7838:
7834:
7828:
7823:
7806:
7778:
7677:
7656:
7621:
7605:
7563:
7512:
7481:
7450:
7441:
7398:
7391:
7365:A Guide to Grand-Jury Men
7228:
7105:
6945:
6758:
6691:
6567:
6560:
6502:
6176:
6098:, Teil II. Leipzig 1906 (
5966:Armstrong, Karen (1994).
5904:Willerslev, Rane (2007).
5766:. ZĂŒrich: Kommode Verlag.
5443:. southerncrossreview.org
5195:. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
5031:Talbott, Rick F. (2005).
4991:Marsden, William (1784).
4978:Marsden, William (1784).
4718:, By Augusto S. Cacopardo
4610:"In the land of infidels"
3794:, Inc. pp. 124â137.
3638:London: Routledge. p. 15.
3393:10.1080/00141840600603129
2940:Columbia University Press
2789:Van Eyghen, Hans (2023).
2753:10.1080/00141840600603129
2168:Pre-Islamic Arab religion
2128:Pre-Islamic Arab religion
1983:making an offering to an
1759:
1221:
833:. In contrast, the later
654:The Spell of the Sensuous
263:Edward Tylor's definition
243:"Old animism" definitions
115:anthropological construct
10807:Anthropology of religion
10347:Friedrich Schleiermacher
9933:Theories about religions
9735:Inconsistent revelations
7695:Christian views on magic
7373:The Discovery of Witches
7245:Directorium Inquisitorum
6007:Hallowell, Alfred Irving
5851:Insoll, Timothy (2004).
5084:10.1057/9781137268990_15
4876:Demetrio, Francisco R.;
4258:Nilabir, Sairem (2002).
4216:Gourchandra, M. (1982).
3559:. Springer. p. 42.
2601:
2304:
1972:A 1922 photograph of an
1918:
931:superlative banyan trees
479:Hallowell and the Ojibwe
83:anthropology of religion
21:Animism (disambiguation)
7301:De praestigiis daemonum
7253:De maleficis mulieribus
6168:
5897:Oxford University Press
5883:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
5762:Curtis, Ashley (2018).
5189:Oxford University Press
4948:, 9789715427296. p. 83.
4878:Cordero-Fernando, Gilda
3648:Curry, Patrick (2011).
3534:Harvey, Graham (2013).
2932:Harvey, Graham (2006).
2289:
2178:New religious movements
1896:(historically known as
1183:
1014:Indian-origin religions
881:Indian-origin religions
873:Indian-origin religions
534:Postmodern anthropology
10822:Philosophy of religion
10211:Gaunilo of Marmoutiers
9351:Philosophy of religion
9192:Religion and mythology
9118:Dying and rising deity
9098:Veneration of the dead
8832:Native American Church
7357:Compendium Maleficarum
7349:Magical Investigations
7240:(8thâ2nd centuries BC)
6430:Naturalistic pantheism
5891:Segal, Robert (2004).
5461:Werner J. Krieglstein
4957:John Crawfurd (2013).
4524:. Marshall Cavendish.
4386:Augusto S. Cacopardo.
3772:Fernandez-Armesto 2003
3690:McColman, Carl. 2002.
3589:Quinn, Daniel (2012).
2861:: CS1 maint: others (
2432:Socio-political impact
2409:
2396:
1997:
1554:List of Shinto shrines
1056:
1044:
960:, Banyan), Ashvattha (
935:sacred groves of India
869:
860:Asian origin religions
748:
700:
618:
600:
574:
547:subject-object dualism
542:is characterized by a
492:
426:Australian Aboriginals
408:) remained focused on
384:John Ferguson McLennan
365:
286:through his 1871 book
275:
225:
207:
34:
10812:Metaphysical theories
10746:Faith and rationality
10701:Criticism of religion
10639:Robert Merrihew Adams
10629:Nicholas Wolterstorff
9832:Divine command theory
6980:Cloak of invisibility
6736:Solitary practitioner
6649:Witch-cult hypothesis
6044:KĂ€ser, Lothar. 2004.
5714:Abram, David (2010).
5596:"Musings on Miyazaki"
5162:Hanegraaff, Wouter J.
4695:. 2003. p. 318.
4050:. Chipstead, London:
3800:10.4135/9781452231648
3704:Kearns, E.J. (1982).
3679:Elements of Pantheism
3613:Tylor, Edward Burnett
3601:on 23 September 2011.
3085:Tylor, Edward Burnett
2895:The Pluralism Project
2822:Hicks, David (2010).
2791:"Animism and Science"
2674:"Religion and Nature"
2595:Wildlife totemization
2530:Anecdotal cognitivism
2404:
2391:
1971:
1677:Secular Shrine Theory
1050:
1008:
867:
742:
695:
613:
586:
569:
486:
361:
270:
103:supernatural universe
101:which focuses on the
10736:Religious philosophy
10216:Pico della Mirandola
10181:Anselm of Canterbury
10113:Augustinian theodicy
10025:Religious skepticism
9358:Concepts in religion
8461:Ancient Near Eastern
8248:Hellenistic religion
7700:Magical organization
7215:Witches of Benevento
6437:Philosophical theism
6135:at Wikimedia Commons
5786:Current Anthropology
5740:Current Anthropology
5078:. pp. 197â211.
4847:Scott, William Henry
4756:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
4693:Taylor & Francis
3579:Harvey (2006), p. 6.
3173:Kuper, Adam (1988).
3107:Kuper, Adam (2005).
2063:, as one of the ten
2015:Philippine mythology
1861:ethnoreligious group
1637:Edo neo-Confucianism
1445:Important literature
1203:Lainingthou Sanamahi
1145:) overcomes humans.
1131:, the banyan (Pali:
1002:, Indian Mesquite).
984:, Ashok), Udumbara (
789:Fetishism / totemism
120:Largely due to such
19:For other uses, see
10721:History of religion
10422:Friedrich Nietzsche
10299:Gottfried W Leibniz
10294:Nicolas Malebranche
10226:King James VI and I
9506:Abrahamic religions
9294:Constantinian shift
9016:Neopagan witchcraft
8650:Sub-Saharan African
7317:Newes from Scotland
7277:Malleus Maleficarum
6654:Anglo-Saxon England
6420:Classical pantheism
6096:Mythus und Religion
5970:. Ballantine Books.
5402:, pp. 108â109.
5375:, pp. 106â107.
5363:, pp. 104â105.
5295:, pp. 102â103.
5144:Pizza, Murphy, and
4982:. Good Press, 2019.
4761:Columbia University
4492:. Interlink Books.
4408:The Express Tribune
4307:Infobase Publishing
4115:2.5 v. 271 or 272 (
3914:Government of India
3228:. pp. 112â113.
3026:, pp. S67âS68.
2901:on 23 December 2014
2877:"Interesting facts"
2808:10.3390/rel14050653
2442:Abrahamic religions
2236:supernatural realms
2085:Abrahamic religions
2079:Abrahamic religions
1767:supernatural beings
1707:Religion portal
1617:Ritual purification
1612:Ritual incantations
1564:Shinto architecture
1111:Thimmamma Marrimanu
1010:Thimmamma Marrimanu
996:, Neem) and Shami (
975:Phyllanthus emblica
825:In East Africa the
747:" in the literature
182:contemporary Pagans
99:metaphysical belief
95:organized religions
10832:Schools of thought
10731:Religious language
10711:Ethics in religion
10669:William Lane Craig
10544:Charles Hartshorne
10284:Desiderius Erasmus
10186:Augustine of Hippo
10128:Inconsistent triad
10090:Apophatic theology
10085:Logical positivism
10067:Religious language
9687:Watchmaker analogy
9652:Necessary existent
9428:Conceptions of God
9388:Intelligent design
9234:Trees in mythology
9229:Supernatural magic
9138:Magic and religion
7669:Witches in fiction
7657:In popular culture
7231:historic treatises
6371:Ethical monotheism
6203:Conceptions of God
6011:Culture in History
6000:Ancient Chiang Mai
5777:Dorling Kindersley
5152:. pp. 408â09.
5112:www.swarthmore.edu
5076:Palgrave Macmillan
4486:Camerapix (1998).
4411:. 10 November 2015
4280:forest degradation
4085:on 2 December 2008
4040:Rhys Davids, T. W.
3941:The Times of India
3738:Orr, E.R. (2012).
3292:, pp. xii, 3.
2565:Mauri (life force)
2474:Barbara Kingsolver
2452:Art and literature
2423:does for bats and
2147:. You can help by
1998:
1938:. You can help by
1850:Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa
1803:. You can help by
1662:Mythical creatures
1642:Glossary of Shinto
1569:Twenty-Two Shrines
1286:. You can help by
1107:Gregorian calendar
1066:Ficus benghalensis
1057:
1045:
1030:Dravidian Hinduism
999:Prosopis spicigera
993:Azadirachta indica
966:, Peepal), Bilva (
957:Ficus benghalensis
870:
816:Sub-Saharan Africa
749:
672:used contemporary
666:sensory experience
601:
493:
469:nature worshippers
276:
168:, or metaphors in
158:vegetation deities
91:Indigenous peoples
85:as a term for the
10789:
10788:
10689:
10688:
10649:Peter van Inwagen
10634:Richard Swinburne
10579:George I Mavrodes
10439:Vladimir Solovyov
10379:SĂžren Kierkegaard
10304:William Wollaston
10251:William of Ockham
10231:Marcion of Sinope
10133:Irenaean theodicy
10123:Euthyphro dilemma
10050:Transcendentalism
9879:Womanist theology
9869:Feminist theology
9773:
9772:
9564:
9563:
9450:Divine simplicity
9370:Euthyphro dilemma
9317:
9316:
9082:
9081:
9078:
9077:
9074:
9073:
8992:
8991:
8988:
8987:
8768:
8767:
8764:
8763:
8760:
8759:
8639:
8638:
8635:
8634:
8546:
8545:
8542:
8541:
8437:
8436:
8433:
8432:
8386:Mysteries of Isis
8091:
8090:
8087:
8086:
7733:
7732:
7690:Witch (archetype)
7652:
7651:
7601:
7600:
6927:Sympathetic magic
6754:
6753:
6516:
6515:
6474:Theistic finitism
6400:Nontrinitarianism
6250:Christian atheism
6131:Media related to
6100:Völkerpsychologie
5990:978-0-8130-3378-5
5958:978-0-14-303819-1
5866:978-0-415-25312-3
5843:978-0-231-13701-0
5725:978-0-375-42171-6
5706:978-0-679-43819-9
5662:on 9 October 2015
5114:. 15 October 2020
4967:978-1-108-05615-1
4938:History of Ilocos
4902:R. Ghose (1966),
4663:Walter de Gruyter
4531:978-1-85435-583-6
4499:978-1-56656-240-9
4469:978-0-19-165249-3
4367:www.nuristan.info
4202:978-1-4381-1913-7
4175:978-1-136-84629-8
4052:Pali Text Society
3881:"Panchvati trees"
3792:SAGE Publications
3751:978-1-78099-408-6
3717:978-0-7190-0907-5
3675:Harrison, Paul A.
3661:978-0-7456-5126-2
3651:Ecological Ethics
3566:978-0-387-71801-9
2949:978-0-231-13700-3
2376:William McDougall
2260:Non-human animals
2165:
2164:
2096:Wisdom literature
2067:of the Hindu god
1956:
1955:
1888:The neighbouring
1842:indigenous people
1821:
1820:
1774:Ryukyuan religion
1743:
1742:
1672:Religion in Japan
1382:Sects and schools
1304:
1303:
1238:
1209:Chinese religions
758:ecological ethics
607:Like Bird-David,
528:scholarly article
526:, who produced a
441:anthropomorphized
342:primitive society
306:Primitive Culture
289:Primitive Culture
202:Georg Ernst Stahl
10849:
10779:
10778:
10769:
10674:Ali Akbar Rashad
10537:Reinhold Niebuhr
10497:Bertrand Russell
10492:George Santayana
10389:Albrecht Ritschl
10374:Ludwig Feuerbach
10164:
10163:
10160:(by date active)
10020:Process theology
9765:Russell's teapot
9575:
9574:
9570:Existence of God
9480:Process theology
9433:
9432:
9418:Theological veto
9381:religious belief
9344:
9337:
9330:
9321:
9320:
9276:Christianization
9066:Secular paganism
9051:Goddess movement
9021:Cochrane's Craft
9009:
9008:
8998:
8997:
8802:
8801:
8789:
8788:
8785:
8784:
8658:
8657:
8645:
8644:
8563:
8562:
8552:
8551:
8454:
8453:
8443:
8442:
8258:Sacred mysteries
8108:
8107:
8097:
8096:
7836:
7835:
7825:
7824:
7821:
7820:
7810:ethnic religions
7760:
7753:
7746:
7737:
7736:
7664:Magic in fiction
7494:Northern Moravia
7448:
7447:
7428:Papua New Guinea
7396:
7395:
7180:Nine sorceresses
6932:Witches' Sabbath
6781:Ceremonial magic
6771:Apotropaic magic
6565:
6564:
6543:
6536:
6529:
6520:
6519:
6508:
6459:Skeptical theism
6299:Ceremonial deism
6289:Classical theism
6277:
6245:Agnostic atheism
6163:
6156:
6149:
6140:
6139:
6130:
6116:
6003:
5994:
5971:
5962:
5927:
5911:
5900:
5887:
5879:
5870:
5847:
5825:
5780:
5767:
5758:
5756:
5729:
5710:
5694:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5667:
5647:
5641:
5640:
5622:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5611:
5602:. Archived from
5591:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5580:
5564:
5556:
5550:
5549:, p. xxiii.
5544:
5538:
5532:
5526:
5520:
5514:
5508:
5502:
5496:
5490:
5489:, p. xviii.
5484:
5478:
5472:
5466:
5459:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5448:
5433:
5427:
5421:
5415:
5409:
5403:
5397:
5391:
5385:
5376:
5370:
5364:
5358:
5352:
5346:
5337:
5331:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5317:
5311:ULUKAYIN English
5302:
5296:
5290:
5284:
5278:
5272:
5266:
5260:
5254:
5248:
5242:
5236:
5226:
5220:
5219:
5202:
5196:
5175:
5169:
5159:
5153:
5142:
5136:
5133:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5119:
5104:
5098:
5097:
5067:
5061:
5054:
5048:
5029:
5023:
5016:
5010:
5003:
4997:
4989:
4983:
4976:
4970:
4955:
4949:
4934:
4928:
4913:
4907:
4900:
4894:
4893:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4843:
4837:
4836:
4820:
4814:
4813:
4787:
4781:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4746:
4740:
4739:
4725:
4719:
4713:
4707:
4706:
4683:
4677:
4676:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4631:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4589:
4583:
4582:
4572:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4561:
4556:on 22 April 2021
4542:
4536:
4535:
4523:
4513:
4504:
4503:
4483:
4474:
4473:
4453:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4427:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4399:
4393:
4384:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4359:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4339:. Archived from
4338:
4330:
4321:
4320:
4296:
4290:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4255:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4130:
4124:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4081:. Archived from
4079:Bodhgayanews.net
4070:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4011:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3991:. Archived from
3985:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3906:
3900:
3890:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3781:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3701:
3695:
3688:
3682:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3645:
3639:
3632:Clarke, Peter B.
3629:
3623:
3622:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3597:. Archived from
3586:
3580:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3531:
3525:
3515:
3509:
3503:
3494:
3488:
3479:
3469:
3463:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3436:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3376:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3346:
3340:
3334:
3328:
3317:
3311:
3305:
3299:
3293:
3287:
3281:
3275:
3269:
3263:
3257:
3251:
3245:
3239:
3230:
3229:
3214:
3208:
3202:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3125:
3124:
3114:
3104:
3095:
3094:
3081:
3075:
3069:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2860:
2852:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2774:Haught, John F.
2771:
2765:
2764:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2697:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2678:
2670:
2661:
2655:
2649:
2643:
2624:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2292:
2219:, and practices
2160:
2157:
2139:
2132:
1951:
1948:
1930:
1923:
1892:of the adjacent
1890:Nuristani people
1846:Chitral District
1844:residing in the
1816:
1813:
1795:
1788:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1755:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1705:
1704:
1463:
1460:
1335:
1325:
1317:
1314:
1306:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1278:
1271:
1267:Japan and Shinto
1239:
1236:
1232:
1223:
1188:
1163:religion of the
939:rivers as sacred
820:ancestor worship
658:Becoming Animal,
565:Nurit Bird-David
524:Nurit Bird-David
501:Irving Hallowell
373:
228:
210:
133:. It is "one of
10857:
10856:
10852:
10851:
10850:
10848:
10847:
10846:
10792:
10791:
10790:
10785:
10757:
10685:
10681:Alexander Pruss
10664:Jean-Luc Marion
10619:Alvin Plantinga
10614:Dewi Z Phillips
10601:
10599:
10593:
10564:Walter Kaufmann
10554:Frithjof Schuon
10527:Rudolf Bultmann
10484:
10478:
10474:Joseph Maréchal
10464:Pavel Florensky
10459:Sergei Bulgakov
10444:Ernst Troeltsch
10427:Harald HĂžffding
10404:
10398:
10369:William Whewell
10357:Georg W F Hegel
10352:Karl C F Krause
10339:
10333:
10329:Johann G Herder
10319:Baron d'Holbach
10269:Augustin Calmet
10255:
10171:
10159:
10158:
10155:
10147:
10105:Problem of evil
10099:
10095:Verificationism
10061:
9769:
9715:Atheist's Wager
9698:
9560:
9494:
9422:
9398:Problem of evil
9353:
9348:
9318:
9313:
9270:
9170:Myth and ritual
9090:Myth and ritual
9084:
9083:
9070:
9003:
8984:
8937:Turko-Mongolic
8796:
8777:
8770:
8769:
8756:
8652:
8631:
8557:
8538:
8448:
8429:
8102:
8083:
7952:Hindu mythology
7830:
7814:
7812:
7808:
7802:
7774:
7771:modern paganism
7764:
7734:
7729:
7673:
7648:
7617:
7597:
7559:
7513:Northern Europe
7508:
7477:
7437:
7387:
7230:
7224:
7107:
7101:
7040:Magical weapons
6990:Flying ointment
6941:
6786:Magical formula
6750:
6687:
6634:Greece and Rome
6556:
6547:
6517:
6512:
6510:Religion portal
6498:
6376:Post-monotheism
6304:Christian deism
6275:
6220:Agnostic theism
6172:
6167:
6109:
5997:
5991:
5979:. Gainesville:
5974:
5965:
5959:
5937:
5934:
5932:Further reading
5924:
5877:"Animism"
5867:
5844:
5726:
5707:
5680:
5675:
5665:
5663:
5648:
5644:
5637:
5623:
5619:
5609:
5607:
5592:
5588:
5578:
5576:
5568:The Independent
5557:
5553:
5545:
5541:
5533:
5529:
5521:
5517:
5509:
5505:
5497:
5493:
5485:
5481:
5473:
5469:
5460:
5456:
5446:
5444:
5434:
5430:
5422:
5418:
5410:
5406:
5398:
5394:
5386:
5379:
5371:
5367:
5359:
5355:
5347:
5340:
5332:
5325:
5315:
5313:
5303:
5299:
5291:
5287:
5279:
5275:
5267:
5263:
5255:
5251:
5243:
5239:
5227:
5223:
5218:. pp. 3â7.
5206:Eliadem, Mircea
5203:
5199:
5176:
5172:
5160:
5156:
5143:
5139:
5134:
5127:
5117:
5115:
5106:
5105:
5101:
5094:
5068:
5064:
5055:
5051:
5030:
5026:
5017:
5013:
5004:
5000:
4990:
4986:
4977:
4973:
4956:
4952:
4935:
4931:
4914:
4910:
4901:
4897:
4874:
4870:
4863:
4844:
4840:
4821:
4817:
4802:
4788:
4784:
4772:
4768:
4747:
4743:
4726:
4722:
4714:
4710:
4703:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4673:
4653:
4649:
4632:
4628:
4618:
4616:
4606:
4602:
4591:
4590:
4586:
4573:
4569:
4559:
4557:
4544:
4543:
4539:
4532:
4514:
4507:
4500:
4484:
4477:
4470:
4454:
4450:
4440:
4438:
4437:. 29 March 2021
4429:
4428:
4424:
4414:
4412:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4385:
4381:
4371:
4369:
4361:
4360:
4351:
4346:on 7 July 2007.
4343:
4336:
4332:
4331:
4324:
4317:
4309:. p. 357.
4297:
4293:
4273:
4269:
4256:
4252:
4242:
4240:
4232:
4231:
4227:
4219:Sanamahi Laihui
4214:
4210:
4203:
4187:
4183:
4176:
4160:
4156:
4149:
4131:
4127:
4102:
4098:
4088:
4086:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4057:
4055:
4037:
4033:
4023:
4021:
4013:
4012:
4008:
3998:
3996:
3995:on 10 July 2012
3987:
3986:
3982:
3972:
3970:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3946:
3944:
3932:
3928:
3918:
3916:
3910:"National Tree"
3908:
3907:
3903:
3899:, 26 July 2021.
3891:
3887:
3879:
3875:
3871:, 26 July 2021.
3869:Hindustan Times
3863:
3859:
3852:
3828:
3824:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3782:
3778:
3770:
3766:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3736:
3732:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3702:
3698:
3689:
3685:
3673:
3669:
3662:
3646:
3642:
3630:
3626:
3610:
3606:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3567:
3551:
3547:
3532:
3528:
3516:
3512:
3504:
3497:
3489:
3482:
3472:Willerslev 2007
3470:
3466:
3456:Willerslev 2007
3454:
3450:
3424:
3420:
3412:
3408:
3377:
3373:
3365:
3361:
3353:
3349:
3341:
3337:
3329:
3320:
3312:
3308:
3300:
3296:
3288:
3284:
3276:
3272:
3264:
3260:
3252:
3248:
3240:
3233:
3215:
3211:
3205:Bird-David 1999
3203:
3194:
3190:, p. xiii.
3186:
3182:
3171:
3167:
3159:
3155:
3147:
3143:
3135:
3128:
3105:
3098:
3082:
3078:
3070:
3061:
3053:
3049:
3041:
3030:
3024:Bird-David 1999
3022:
3018:
3008:
3006:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2989:, pp. 3â4.
2985:
2981:
2973:
2969:
2961:
2957:
2950:
2930:
2926:
2920:Bird-David 1999
2918:
2914:
2904:
2902:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2854:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2830:. p. 359.
2820:
2816:
2787:
2783:
2772:
2768:
2735:
2731:
2716:10.2307/2661147
2698:
2691:
2683:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2664:
2656:
2652:
2644:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2525:
2454:
2434:
2425:infrared vision
2400:quantum Animism
2372:
2367:
2359:
2342:
2316:invocations to
2307:
2262:
2257:
2215:state during a
2205:
2199:
2180:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2145:needs expansion
2130:
2118:Mark I. Wallace
2081:
2003:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1936:needs expansion
1921:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1801:needs expansion
1786:
1756:
1739:
1699:
1692:
1691:
1632:
1622:
1621:
1582:
1574:
1573:
1539:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1515:
1505:
1495:
1485:
1475:
1465:
1461:
1447:
1437:
1436:
1397:
1387:
1386:
1362:List of deities
1343:
1323:
1312:
1309:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1284:needs expansion
1269:
1211:
1199:Northeast India
1175:ethnic religion
963:Ficus religiosa
933:, conserve the
875:
862:
809:
801:
793:Main articles:
791:
771:
766:
737:
705:
678:natural science
642:
621:Rane Willerslev
599:, Mali, in 1972
587:Animist altar,
536:
507:communities of
481:
457:
380:
375:
367:
338:
332:its variants."
265:
245:
218:vital principle
190:
122:ethnolinguistic
97:. Animism is a
75:weather systems
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
10855:
10845:
10844:
10839:
10834:
10829:
10824:
10819:
10814:
10809:
10804:
10787:
10786:
10784:
10783:
10773:
10762:
10759:
10758:
10756:
10755:
10748:
10743:
10738:
10733:
10728:
10723:
10718:
10713:
10708:
10703:
10697:
10695:
10694:Related topics
10691:
10690:
10687:
10686:
10684:
10683:
10677:
10676:
10671:
10666:
10661:
10656:
10654:Daniel Dennett
10651:
10646:
10644:Ravi Zacharias
10641:
10636:
10631:
10626:
10621:
10616:
10611:
10609:William L Rowe
10605:
10603:
10595:
10594:
10592:
10591:
10586:
10584:William Alston
10581:
10576:
10571:
10566:
10561:
10556:
10551:
10546:
10540:
10539:
10534:
10532:Gabriel Marcel
10529:
10524:
10519:
10514:
10509:
10504:
10499:
10494:
10488:
10486:
10480:
10479:
10477:
10476:
10471:
10469:Ernst Cassirer
10466:
10461:
10456:
10451:
10446:
10441:
10435:
10434:
10429:
10424:
10419:
10414:
10408:
10406:
10400:
10399:
10397:
10396:
10391:
10386:
10381:
10376:
10371:
10366:
10364:Thomas Carlyle
10360:
10359:
10354:
10349:
10343:
10341:
10335:
10334:
10332:
10331:
10326:
10321:
10316:
10311:
10306:
10301:
10296:
10291:
10289:Baruch Spinoza
10286:
10281:
10276:
10274:René Descartes
10271:
10265:
10263:
10257:
10256:
10254:
10253:
10248:
10246:Thomas Aquinas
10243:
10238:
10233:
10228:
10223:
10218:
10213:
10208:
10203:
10198:
10193:
10188:
10183:
10177:
10175:
10161:
10152:
10149:
10148:
10146:
10145:
10140:
10135:
10130:
10125:
10120:
10115:
10109:
10107:
10101:
10100:
10098:
10097:
10092:
10087:
10082:
10077:
10071:
10069:
10063:
10062:
10060:
10059:
10052:
10047:
10042:
10037:
10032:
10027:
10022:
10017:
10015:Possibilianism
10012:
10007:
10002:
9997:
9992:
9987:
9982:
9977:
9972:
9971:
9970:
9965:
9960:
9950:
9945:
9940:
9935:
9930:
9925:
9924:
9923:
9918:
9913:
9903:
9898:
9893:
9891:Fundamentalism
9888:
9883:
9882:
9881:
9876:
9866:
9865:
9864:
9859:
9852:Existentialism
9849:
9844:
9839:
9834:
9829:
9824:
9819:
9814:
9809:
9804:
9799:
9794:
9789:
9783:
9781:
9775:
9774:
9771:
9770:
9768:
9767:
9762:
9757:
9752:
9747:
9745:Noncognitivism
9742:
9737:
9732:
9727:
9722:
9717:
9712:
9706:
9704:
9700:
9699:
9697:
9696:
9694:Transcendental
9691:
9690:
9689:
9684:
9674:
9669:
9664:
9662:Pascal's wager
9659:
9654:
9649:
9644:
9639:
9634:
9629:
9624:
9619:
9614:
9613:
9612:
9607:
9597:
9592:
9590:Christological
9587:
9581:
9579:
9572:
9566:
9565:
9562:
9561:
9559:
9558:
9553:
9548:
9543:
9538:
9533:
9528:
9523:
9518:
9513:
9508:
9502:
9500:
9496:
9495:
9493:
9492:
9487:
9482:
9477:
9472:
9467:
9462:
9457:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9436:
9430:
9424:
9423:
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9410:
9405:
9400:
9395:
9390:
9385:
9384:
9383:
9372:
9367:
9361:
9359:
9355:
9354:
9347:
9346:
9339:
9332:
9324:
9315:
9314:
9312:
9311:
9309:Virtuous pagan
9306:
9304:Religio licita
9301:
9296:
9291:
9286:
9280:
9278:
9272:
9271:
9269:
9268:
9266:Animal worship
9263:
9258:
9253:
9248:
9247:
9246:
9241:
9231:
9226:
9225:
9224:
9219:
9209:
9204:
9199:
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9172:
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9130:
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9115:
9110:
9105:
9100:
9094:
9092:
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9076:
9075:
9072:
9071:
9069:
9068:
9063:
9058:
9053:
9048:
9043:
9038:
9033:
9028:
9026:Feri Tradition
9023:
9018:
9012:
9005:
9004:
8994:
8993:
8990:
8989:
8986:
8985:
8983:
8982:
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8873:
8868:
8858:
8857:
8856:
8851:
8841:
8836:
8835:
8834:
8829:
8821:
8820:
8819:
8814:
8805:
8798:
8797:
8782:
8780:
8772:
8771:
8766:
8765:
8762:
8761:
8758:
8757:
8755:
8754:
8749:
8744:
8739:
8734:
8729:
8724:
8719:
8714:
8709:
8704:
8699:
8694:
8693:
8692:
8687:
8682:
8677:
8667:
8661:
8654:
8653:
8641:
8640:
8637:
8636:
8633:
8632:
8630:
8629:
8628:
8627:
8622:
8617:
8612:
8607:
8602:
8592:
8587:
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8514:
8513:
8512:
8507:
8497:
8496:
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8479:
8478:
8468:
8463:
8457:
8450:
8449:
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8435:
8434:
8431:
8430:
8428:
8427:
8426:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8389:
8388:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8358:
8357:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8325:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8306:
8305:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8279:
8278:
8277:
8276:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8255:
8250:
8240:
8239:
8238:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8213:
8208:
8207:
8206:
8196:
8195:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8171:
8166:
8165:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8144:
8139:
8138:
8137:
8132:
8127:
8117:
8111:
8104:
8103:
8093:
8092:
8089:
8088:
8085:
8084:
8082:
8081:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8024:Tibeto-Burmese
8021:
8016:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7976:
7971:
7966:
7965:
7964:
7954:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7928:
7927:
7917:
7912:
7907:
7906:
7905:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7839:
7832:
7831:
7818:
7816:
7813:(existing and
7804:
7803:
7801:
7800:
7795:
7790:
7785:
7779:
7776:
7775:
7763:
7762:
7755:
7748:
7740:
7731:
7730:
7728:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7681:
7679:
7675:
7674:
7672:
7671:
7666:
7660:
7658:
7654:
7653:
7650:
7649:
7647:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7625:
7623:
7619:
7618:
7616:
7615:
7609:
7607:
7603:
7602:
7599:
7598:
7596:
7595:
7594:
7593:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7567:
7565:
7564:Western Europe
7561:
7560:
7558:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7516:
7514:
7510:
7509:
7507:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7485:
7483:
7482:Eastern Europe
7479:
7478:
7476:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7454:
7452:
7445:
7439:
7438:
7436:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7404:
7402:
7393:
7389:
7388:
7386:
7385:
7377:
7369:
7361:
7353:
7345:
7337:
7329:
7321:
7313:
7305:
7297:
7289:
7281:
7273:
7265:
7257:
7249:
7241:
7234:
7232:
7226:
7225:
7223:
7222:
7220:Witch of Endor
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7111:
7109:
7103:
7102:
7100:
7099:
7097:Witch's ladder
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7048:
7047:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6971:
6970:
6960:
6955:
6949:
6947:
6943:
6942:
6940:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6903:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6816:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6795:
6790:
6789:
6788:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6762:
6760:
6756:
6755:
6752:
6751:
6749:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6727:
6726:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6695:
6693:
6689:
6688:
6686:
6685:
6684:
6683:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6662:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6606:
6605:
6604:
6594:
6593:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6571:
6569:
6562:
6558:
6557:
6546:
6545:
6538:
6531:
6523:
6514:
6513:
6503:
6500:
6499:
6497:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6484:Trinitarianism
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6450:
6449:
6439:
6434:
6433:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6396:
6395:
6385:
6380:
6379:
6378:
6373:
6363:
6358:
6356:Liberal theism
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6321:Dipolar theism
6318:
6317:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6280:
6279:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6260:Jewish atheism
6257:
6252:
6247:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6216:
6215:
6210:
6200:
6199:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6177:
6174:
6173:
6166:
6165:
6158:
6151:
6143:
6137:
6136:
6124:
6108:
6107:External links
6105:
6104:
6103:
6092:Wundt, Wilhelm
6089:
6073:
6072:
6071:
6042:
6030:
6029:
6028:
6004:
5995:
5989:
5972:
5963:
5957:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5928:
5922:
5901:
5888:
5871:
5865:
5848:
5842:
5830:Harvey, Graham
5826:
5806:10.1086/300107
5798:10.1086/300107
5792:(1): 106â107.
5781:
5768:
5759:
5754:10.1086/200061
5730:
5724:
5711:
5705:
5697:Pantheon Books
5679:
5676:
5674:
5673:
5642:
5636:978-0786472628
5635:
5617:
5606:on 9 June 2017
5586:
5551:
5539:
5527:
5515:
5503:
5501:, p. xix.
5491:
5479:
5467:
5454:
5428:
5426:, p. 122.
5416:
5414:, p. 109.
5404:
5392:
5390:, p. 107.
5377:
5365:
5353:
5351:, p. 106.
5338:
5336:, p. 104.
5323:
5297:
5285:
5283:, p. 102.
5273:
5271:, p. 100.
5261:
5259:, p. 101.
5249:
5237:
5221:
5197:
5193:Dictionary.com
5170:
5154:
5146:James R. Lewis
5137:
5125:
5099:
5092:
5062:
5049:
5024:
5011:
4998:
4984:
4971:
4950:
4929:
4908:
4895:
4868:
4862:978-9715501354
4861:
4838:
4815:
4800:
4782:
4766:
4741:
4731:, ed. (1985).
4720:
4708:
4701:
4678:
4671:
4665:. p. 72.
4647:
4626:
4600:
4584:
4567:
4537:
4530:
4505:
4498:
4475:
4468:
4462:. OUP Oxford.
4448:
4422:
4394:
4379:
4349:
4322:
4315:
4291:
4267:
4250:
4225:
4208:
4201:
4181:
4174:
4154:
4147:
4125:
4096:
4065:
4031:
4006:
3980:
3954:
3926:
3901:
3897:Times of India
3885:
3873:
3857:
3850:
3822:
3808:
3776:
3774:, p. 138.
3764:
3750:
3730:
3716:
3696:
3683:
3667:
3660:
3640:
3624:
3604:
3591:"Q and A #400"
3581:
3572:
3565:
3545:
3538:. London, UK:
3526:
3510:
3495:
3480:
3464:
3448:
3418:
3416:, p. 107.
3406:
3371:
3359:
3347:
3335:
3318:
3306:
3294:
3282:
3280:, p. 106.
3270:
3258:
3246:
3231:
3209:
3192:
3180:
3165:
3153:
3141:
3126:
3096:
3076:
3074:, p. xii.
3059:
3057:, p. xiv.
3047:
3028:
3016:
3004:Vocabulary.com
2991:
2979:
2967:
2955:
2948:
2924:
2922:, p. S67.
2912:
2882:
2868:
2840:
2828:Roman Altamira
2826:(3 ed.).
2814:
2781:
2766:
2729:
2689:
2662:
2650:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2616:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2517:Hayao Miyazaki
2506:Louise Erdrich
2502:Ursula Le Guin
2494:Patricia Grace
2453:
2450:
2433:
2430:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2358:
2355:
2341:
2338:
2318:sweet potatoes
2306:
2303:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2201:Main article:
2198:
2195:
2179:
2176:
2163:
2162:
2142:
2140:
2129:
2126:
2080:
2077:
2038:folk religions
2002:
1999:
1954:
1953:
1933:
1931:
1920:
1917:
1900:) province of
1876:Chitral Valley
1819:
1818:
1798:
1796:
1785:
1782:
1778:Ryukyu islands
1741:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1540:
1537:Shinto shrines
1535:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1518:
1516:
1508:
1506:
1498:
1496:
1488:
1486:
1478:
1476:
1468:
1466:
1451:
1448:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1377:Sacred objects
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1328:
1327:
1319:
1318:
1302:
1301:
1281:
1279:
1268:
1265:
1210:
1207:
1127:In Buddhism's
1103:Hindu calendar
1079:Hindu festival
987:Ficus racemosa
969:Aegle marmelos
874:
871:
861:
858:
808:
805:
790:
787:
783:Giordano Bruno
770:
767:
765:
762:
736:
733:
704:
701:
641:
638:
535:
532:
480:
477:
456:
453:
402:Ămile Durkheim
398:J. J. Bachofen
379:
376:
360:
352:descent groups
337:
334:
326:Timothy Insoll
280:anthropologist
264:
261:
244:
241:
229:, which means
189:
186:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10854:
10843:
10840:
10838:
10835:
10833:
10830:
10828:
10825:
10823:
10820:
10818:
10815:
10813:
10810:
10808:
10805:
10803:
10800:
10799:
10797:
10782:
10774:
10772:
10768:
10764:
10763:
10760:
10754:
10753:
10749:
10747:
10744:
10742:
10739:
10737:
10734:
10732:
10729:
10727:
10724:
10722:
10719:
10717:
10714:
10712:
10709:
10707:
10704:
10702:
10699:
10698:
10696:
10692:
10682:
10679:
10678:
10675:
10672:
10670:
10667:
10665:
10662:
10660:
10657:
10655:
10652:
10650:
10647:
10645:
10642:
10640:
10637:
10635:
10632:
10630:
10627:
10625:
10624:Anthony Kenny
10622:
10620:
10617:
10615:
10612:
10610:
10607:
10606:
10604:
10596:
10590:
10587:
10585:
10582:
10580:
10577:
10575:
10572:
10570:
10567:
10565:
10562:
10560:
10557:
10555:
10552:
10550:
10549:Mircea Eliade
10547:
10545:
10542:
10541:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10530:
10528:
10525:
10523:
10520:
10518:
10515:
10513:
10510:
10508:
10505:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10495:
10493:
10490:
10489:
10487:
10481:
10475:
10472:
10470:
10467:
10465:
10462:
10460:
10457:
10455:
10452:
10450:
10447:
10445:
10442:
10440:
10437:
10436:
10433:
10432:William James
10430:
10428:
10425:
10423:
10420:
10418:
10415:
10413:
10412:Ernst Haeckel
10410:
10409:
10407:
10401:
10395:
10392:
10390:
10387:
10385:
10382:
10380:
10377:
10375:
10372:
10370:
10367:
10365:
10362:
10361:
10358:
10355:
10353:
10350:
10348:
10345:
10344:
10342:
10336:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10324:Immanuel Kant
10322:
10320:
10317:
10315:
10312:
10310:
10307:
10305:
10302:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10292:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10279:Blaise Pascal
10277:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10267:
10266:
10264:
10262:
10258:
10252:
10249:
10247:
10244:
10242:
10239:
10237:
10234:
10232:
10229:
10227:
10224:
10222:
10219:
10217:
10214:
10212:
10209:
10207:
10204:
10202:
10199:
10197:
10194:
10192:
10189:
10187:
10184:
10182:
10179:
10178:
10176:
10174:
10169:
10165:
10162:
10157:
10150:
10144:
10141:
10139:
10136:
10134:
10131:
10129:
10126:
10124:
10121:
10119:
10116:
10114:
10111:
10110:
10108:
10106:
10102:
10096:
10093:
10091:
10088:
10086:
10083:
10081:
10080:Language game
10078:
10076:
10073:
10072:
10070:
10068:
10064:
10058:
10057:
10053:
10051:
10048:
10046:
10043:
10041:
10038:
10036:
10033:
10031:
10028:
10026:
10023:
10021:
10018:
10016:
10013:
10011:
10008:
10006:
10003:
10001:
9998:
9996:
9993:
9991:
9988:
9986:
9983:
9981:
9978:
9976:
9973:
9969:
9966:
9964:
9961:
9959:
9956:
9955:
9954:
9951:
9949:
9946:
9944:
9941:
9939:
9936:
9934:
9931:
9929:
9926:
9922:
9919:
9917:
9914:
9912:
9909:
9908:
9907:
9904:
9902:
9899:
9897:
9894:
9892:
9889:
9887:
9884:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
9871:
9870:
9867:
9863:
9860:
9858:
9855:
9854:
9853:
9850:
9848:
9845:
9843:
9840:
9838:
9835:
9833:
9830:
9828:
9825:
9823:
9820:
9818:
9815:
9813:
9810:
9808:
9805:
9803:
9800:
9798:
9795:
9793:
9790:
9788:
9785:
9784:
9782:
9780:
9776:
9766:
9763:
9761:
9758:
9756:
9753:
9751:
9750:Occam's razor
9748:
9746:
9743:
9741:
9738:
9736:
9733:
9731:
9728:
9726:
9723:
9721:
9718:
9716:
9713:
9711:
9708:
9707:
9705:
9701:
9695:
9692:
9688:
9685:
9683:
9680:
9679:
9678:
9675:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9665:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9653:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9640:
9638:
9635:
9633:
9630:
9628:
9625:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9611:
9608:
9606:
9603:
9602:
9601:
9598:
9596:
9595:Consciousness
9593:
9591:
9588:
9586:
9583:
9582:
9580:
9576:
9573:
9571:
9567:
9557:
9554:
9552:
9549:
9547:
9544:
9542:
9539:
9537:
9534:
9532:
9529:
9527:
9524:
9522:
9519:
9517:
9514:
9512:
9509:
9507:
9504:
9503:
9501:
9497:
9491:
9490:Unmoved mover
9488:
9486:
9485:Supreme Being
9483:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9461:
9458:
9456:
9453:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9437:
9434:
9431:
9429:
9425:
9419:
9416:
9414:
9411:
9409:
9406:
9404:
9401:
9399:
9396:
9394:
9391:
9389:
9386:
9382:
9378:
9377:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9366:
9363:
9362:
9360:
9356:
9352:
9345:
9340:
9338:
9333:
9331:
9326:
9325:
9322:
9310:
9307:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9290:
9287:
9285:
9282:
9281:
9279:
9277:
9273:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9236:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9227:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9215:
9214:
9213:
9210:
9208:
9205:
9203:
9200:
9198:
9195:
9193:
9190:
9188:
9187:Reincarnation
9185:
9183:
9180:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9167:
9166:
9163:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9145:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9095:
9093:
9091:
9087:
9067:
9064:
9062:
9059:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9013:
9010:
9006:
8999:
8995:
8979:
8976:
8974:
8971:
8969:
8966:
8964:
8961:
8959:
8956:
8955:
8954:
8951:
8947:
8946:Vattisen Yaly
8944:
8942:
8939:
8938:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8863:
8862:
8859:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8846:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8833:
8830:
8828:
8825:
8824:
8822:
8818:
8815:
8813:
8810:
8809:
8807:
8806:
8803:
8799:
8795:
8790:
8786:
8781:
8779:
8773:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8735:
8733:
8730:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8681:
8678:
8676:
8673:
8672:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8662:
8659:
8655:
8651:
8646:
8642:
8626:
8623:
8621:
8618:
8616:
8613:
8611:
8608:
8606:
8603:
8601:
8600:Cook Islander
8598:
8597:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8567:
8564:
8560:
8553:
8549:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8523:
8520:
8519:
8518:
8515:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8502:
8501:
8498:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8485:
8484:
8481:
8477:
8474:
8473:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8458:
8455:
8451:
8444:
8440:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8408:Baltic Finnic
8406:
8405:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8387:
8384:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8376:Imperial cult
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8363:
8362:
8359:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8341:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8309:
8307:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8284:
8283:
8280:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8260:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8245:
8244:
8241:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8218:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8205:
8202:
8201:
8200:
8197:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8174:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8149:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8122:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8112:
8109:
8105:
8098:
8094:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7963:
7960:
7959:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7937:Sunda Wiwitan
7935:
7933:
7930:
7926:
7923:
7922:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7908:
7904:
7901:
7900:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7873:Austroasiatic
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7840:
7837:
7833:
7826:
7822:
7817:
7811:
7805:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7780:
7777:
7772:
7768:
7761:
7756:
7754:
7749:
7747:
7742:
7741:
7738:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7720:Folk religion
7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7682:
7680:
7676:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7661:
7659:
7655:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7626:
7624:
7620:
7614:
7611:
7610:
7608:
7604:
7592:
7589:
7588:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7568:
7566:
7562:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7517:
7515:
7511:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7486:
7484:
7480:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7455:
7453:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7440:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7405:
7403:
7401:
7397:
7394:
7390:
7383:
7382:
7378:
7375:
7374:
7370:
7367:
7366:
7362:
7359:
7358:
7354:
7351:
7350:
7346:
7343:
7342:
7338:
7335:
7334:
7330:
7327:
7326:
7322:
7319:
7318:
7314:
7311:
7310:
7306:
7303:
7302:
7298:
7295:
7294:
7290:
7287:
7286:
7282:
7279:
7278:
7274:
7271:
7270:
7266:
7263:
7262:
7258:
7255:
7254:
7250:
7247:
7246:
7242:
7239:
7236:
7235:
7233:
7227:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7210:Three Witches
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7170:Morgan le Fay
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7112:
7110:
7104:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7046:
7043:
7042:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7015:Kitchen witch
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
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6666:Latin America
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6590:Witch smeller
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6369:
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6364:
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6351:Kathenotheism
6349:
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6344:
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6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
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6327:
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6319:
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6307:
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6300:
6297:
6296:
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6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6284:Binitarianism
6282:
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6273:
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6268:
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6263:
6261:
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6251:
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6213:Gender of God
6211:
6209:
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6197:
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6159:
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6141:
6134:
6129:
6125:
6123:at Wiktionary
6122:
6121:
6115:
6111:
6110:
6101:
6097:
6093:
6090:
6087:
6083:
6082:
6077:
6076:Quinn, Daniel
6074:
6070:
6069:3-87214-609-2
6066:
6062:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6054:3-921113-61-X
6051:
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5996:
5992:
5986:
5982:
5978:
5973:
5969:
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5954:
5950:
5949:Penguin Books
5946:
5945:
5940:
5939:Adler, Margot
5936:
5935:
5925:
5923:9780520252172
5919:
5915:
5910:
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5791:
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5760:
5755:
5750:
5747:(S1): 67â91.
5746:
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5708:
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5657:
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5646:
5638:
5632:
5629:. McFarland.
5628:
5621:
5605:
5601:
5600:Kyoto Journal
5597:
5590:
5574:
5570:
5569:
5563:
5555:
5548:
5543:
5537:, p. 64.
5536:
5531:
5525:, p. 55.
5524:
5519:
5513:, p. 50.
5512:
5507:
5500:
5495:
5488:
5483:
5476:
5471:
5464:
5458:
5442:
5438:
5437:Herbert, Nick
5432:
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5420:
5413:
5408:
5401:
5396:
5389:
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5374:
5369:
5362:
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5312:
5308:
5301:
5294:
5289:
5282:
5277:
5270:
5265:
5258:
5253:
5247:, p. 99.
5246:
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5234:
5230:
5225:
5217:
5213:
5212:
5207:
5201:
5194:
5190:
5186:
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5167:
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5141:
5132:
5130:
5113:
5109:
5103:
5095:
5093:9781137268990
5089:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5066:
5059:
5053:
5046:
5045:9781597523400
5042:
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5034:
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5021:
5015:
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4954:
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4926:
4925:971-550-135-4
4922:
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4899:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4872:
4864:
4858:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4842:
4835:(2): 235â493.
4834:
4830:
4826:
4819:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4801:0-231-10566-5
4797:
4793:
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4702:9780415939195
4698:
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4690:
4689:
4682:
4674:
4672:9783110898873
4668:
4664:
4660:
4659:
4651:
4643:
4642:nuristan.info
4639:
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4630:
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4604:
4596:
4595:
4594:East and West
4588:
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4312:
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4148:81-7099-787-9
4144:
4140:
4136:
4129:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4100:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4069:
4054:. p. 355
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4035:
4020:
4019:Anantapur.com
4016:
4010:
3994:
3990:
3984:
3969:. 2 June 2015
3968:
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3877:
3870:
3866:
3861:
3853:
3851:9780197601204
3847:
3843:
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3834:
3826:
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3809:9780761930471
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3568:
3562:
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3507:
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3500:
3492:
3487:
3485:
3477:
3473:
3468:
3461:
3457:
3452:
3444:
3440:
3435:
3434:
3428:
3422:
3415:
3410:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3375:
3369:, p. 21.
3368:
3363:
3357:, p. 20.
3356:
3351:
3345:, p. 19.
3344:
3339:
3333:, p. 18.
3332:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3316:, p. 17.
3315:
3310:
3304:, p. xv.
3303:
3298:
3291:
3286:
3279:
3274:
3268:, p. 16.
3267:
3262:
3256:, p. 15.
3255:
3250:
3244:, p. 14.
3243:
3238:
3236:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3207:, p. S68
3206:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3189:
3184:
3176:
3169:
3163:, p. 29.
3162:
3157:
3150:
3145:
3138:
3133:
3131:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3112:
3103:
3101:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3080:
3073:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3056:
3051:
3045:, p. xi.
3044:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3025:
3020:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2988:
2983:
2976:
2971:
2964:
2959:
2951:
2945:
2942:. p. 9.
2941:
2937:
2936:
2928:
2921:
2916:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2878:
2872:
2864:
2858:
2850:
2844:
2837:
2835:
2829:
2825:
2818:
2809:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2785:
2777:
2770:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2733:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2710:(4): 541â56.
2709:
2705:
2704:
2696:
2694:
2682:
2675:
2669:
2667:
2660:, p. 14.
2659:
2654:
2647:
2642:
2640:
2635:
2620:
2611:
2607:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
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2566:
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2556:
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2551:
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2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2520:
2518:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2498:Chinua Achebe
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2459:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2403:
2401:
2395:
2390:
2388:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2362:
2354:
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2337:
2335:
2331:
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2323:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2302:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2274:Graham Harvey
2271:
2266:
2252:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2232:Mircea Eliade
2230:According to
2228:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2194:
2192:
2187:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2159:
2150:
2146:
2143:This section
2141:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2092:Old Testament
2088:
2086:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1987:, a guardian
1986:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1941:
1937:
1934:This section
1932:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1824:Kalash people
1815:
1806:
1802:
1799:This section
1797:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1784:Kalash people
1781:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1765:, a class of
1754:
1753:
1747:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1724:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
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1653:
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1640:
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1635:
1634:
1631:
1626:
1625:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
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1584:
1578:
1577:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1533:
1532:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1491:Shoku Nihongi
1487:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1462: 711 CE
1456:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1441:
1440:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
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1410:
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1405:
1403:
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1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1349:
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1345:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1308:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1285:
1282:This section
1280:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1264:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1233:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1180:
1179:Meitei people
1176:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1165:Lepcha people
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1122:Bhagavat Gita
1119:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1071:national tree
1068:
1067:
1062:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1001:
1000:
995:
994:
989:
988:
983:
982:
977:
976:
971:
970:
965:
964:
959:
958:
953:
949:
945:
944:
940:
937:, revere the
936:
932:
929:and numerous
928:
924:
923:worship trees
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
903:Matsya Purana
900:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
877:
866:
857:
855:
851:
846:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
827:Kerma culture
823:
821:
817:
813:
804:
800:
796:
786:
784:
780:
776:
761:
759:
755:
746:
741:
732:
730:
726:
722:
717:
714:
710:
709:Graham Harvey
699:
694:
690:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
662:
659:
655:
651:
650:phenomenology
647:
637:
635:
630:
626:
622:
617:
612:
610:
605:
598:
594:
590:
585:
581:
579:
573:
568:
567:argues that:
566:
562:
558:
556:
552:
548:
545:
541:
531:
529:
525:
519:
516:
515:
510:
506:
502:
498:
490:
485:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
452:
448:
446:
445:Margaret Mead
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
423:
418:
416:
415:ethnographies
411:
407:
406:Sigmund Freud
403:
399:
395:
394:
389:
385:
374:
371:
370:Graham Harvey
364:
359:
355:
353:
349:
348:
343:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
310:
307:
301:
299:
295:
294:Auguste Comte
291:
290:
285:
281:
273:
269:
260:
258:
254:
250:
240:
237:
236:
232:
227:
221:
219:
215:
212:in 1708 as a
211:
209:
203:
199:
195:
185:
183:
179:
178:Lawson Oyekan
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
154:water sprites
151:
148:, spirit, or
147:
143:
138:
136:
132:
127:
123:
118:
116:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
87:belief system
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
22:
10837:Spirituality
10750:
10569:Martin Lings
10522:Emil Brunner
10512:Paul Tillich
10502:Martin Buber
10417:W K Clifford
10394:Afrikan Spir
10309:Thomas Chubb
10261:Early modern
10241:Adi Shankara
10154:Philosophers
10138:Natural evil
10054:
10030:Spiritualism
10005:Perennialism
9958:Metaphysical
9802:Antireligion
9796:
9677:Teleological
9600:Cosmological
9551:BahĂĄÊŒĂ Faith
9516:Christianity
9475:Personal god
9299:Neoplatonism
9239:Tree of life
9202:Sacred grove
9103:Bear worship
9056:Neoshamanism
8918:Zalmoxianism
8871:Adyghe Habze
8776:Modern pagan
8483:Mesopotamian
8339:Paleo-Balkan
8273:Samothracian
8152:Old Prussian
8049:Bongthingism
7782:
7685:Witch (word)
7634:Witch's mark
7443:Early Modern
7379:
7371:
7363:
7355:
7347:
7341:Daemonologie
7339:
7331:
7323:
7315:
7307:
7299:
7293:Laienspiegel
7291:
7283:
7275:
7267:
7259:
7251:
7243:
7175:Muma PÄdurii
7106:Folklore and
7077:Sator Square
7030:Magic circle
7025:Magic carpet
6985:Crystal ball
6922:Spiritualism
6765:
6746:Witch doctor
6629:Cunning folk
6494:Unitarianism
6464:Spiritualism
6224:
6119:
6099:
6095:
6086:Bantam Books
6084:. New York:
6079:
6060:
6045:
6036:
6024:
6020:
6013:, edited by
6010:
5999:
5976:
5967:
5943:
5912:. Berkeley:
5907:
5892:
5881:
5852:
5833:
5789:
5785:
5772:
5763:
5744:
5738:
5715:
5695:. New York:
5690:
5685:Abram, David
5664:. Retrieved
5660:the original
5655:
5645:
5626:
5620:
5608:. Retrieved
5604:the original
5589:
5577:. Retrieved
5566:
5554:
5542:
5530:
5518:
5506:
5494:
5482:
5470:
5465:2002, p. 118
5462:
5457:
5445:. Retrieved
5431:
5419:
5407:
5395:
5368:
5356:
5314:. Retrieved
5310:
5300:
5288:
5276:
5264:
5252:
5240:
5224:
5209:
5200:
5182:
5173:
5165:
5157:
5149:
5140:
5116:. Retrieved
5111:
5102:
5071:
5065:
5057:
5052:
5032:
5027:
5019:
5014:
5006:
5001:
4992:
4987:
4979:
4974:
4958:
4953:
4937:
4932:
4916:
4911:
4903:
4898:
4881:
4871:
4851:
4841:
4832:
4828:
4818:
4791:
4785:
4769:
4754:
4744:
4736:
4732:
4729:Adamec, L.W.
4723:
4711:
4687:
4681:
4657:
4650:
4641:
4629:
4617:. Retrieved
4613:
4603:
4593:
4587:
4577:
4570:
4558:. Retrieved
4554:the original
4549:
4540:
4519:
4488:
4458:
4451:
4439:. Retrieved
4434:
4425:
4413:. Retrieved
4406:
4397:
4388:
4382:
4370:. Retrieved
4366:
4341:the original
4301:
4294:
4286:
4283:
4275:
4270:
4260:
4253:
4241:. Retrieved
4237:
4228:
4218:
4211:
4191:
4184:
4164:
4157:
4138:
4128:
4108:
4099:
4087:. Retrieved
4083:the original
4078:
4068:
4056:. Retrieved
4047:
4034:
4022:. Retrieved
4018:
4009:
3997:. Retrieved
3993:the original
3983:
3971:. Retrieved
3966:
3957:
3945:. Retrieved
3939:
3929:
3917:. Retrieved
3904:
3896:
3888:
3876:
3868:
3860:
3832:
3825:
3813:. Retrieved
3786:
3779:
3767:
3755:. Retrieved
3740:
3733:
3721:. Retrieved
3706:
3699:
3691:
3686:
3678:
3670:
3650:
3643:
3635:
3627:
3617:
3607:
3599:the original
3594:
3584:
3575:
3555:
3548:
3535:
3529:
3513:
3467:
3451:
3437:. New York:
3432:
3421:
3414:Guthrie 2000
3409:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3362:
3350:
3338:
3309:
3297:
3285:
3278:Guthrie 2000
3273:
3261:
3249:
3221:
3212:
3183:
3174:
3168:
3156:
3151:, p. 8.
3144:
3139:, p. 6.
3110:
3089:
3079:
3050:
3019:
3007:. Retrieved
3003:
2994:
2982:
2977:, p. 5.
2970:
2965:, p. 7.
2958:
2934:
2927:
2915:
2903:. Retrieved
2899:the original
2894:
2885:
2871:
2843:
2834:Homo sapiens
2833:
2831:
2823:
2817:
2798:
2794:
2784:
2775:
2769:
2747:(1): 21â32.
2744:
2738:
2732:
2707:
2701:
2653:
2619:
2610:
2585:Sacred trees
2514:
2510:Marge Piercy
2482:Daniel Quinn
2478:Alice Walker
2470:Leslie Silko
2463:
2455:
2444:and Western
2435:
2421:echolocation
2412:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2397:
2392:
2387:Nick Herbert
2384:
2379:
2373:
2360:
2352:
2343:
2340:The elements
2326:
2311:
2308:
2295:
2280:held by the
2267:
2263:
2255:Animist life
2245:
2229:
2206:
2188:
2184:modern pagan
2181:
2166:
2153:
2149:adding to it
2144:
2115:
2106:of his Son,
2100:omnipresence
2089:
2082:
2058:
2052:
2045:
2031:
2004:
1994:
1988:
1984:
1962:
1957:
1944:
1940:adding to it
1935:
1906:
1887:
1880:
1865:
1858:
1852:province of
1828:
1822:
1809:
1805:adding to it
1800:
1771:
1744:
1682:State Shinto
1667:Nippon Kaigi
1607:Ritual dance
1519:
1514:(807â936 CE)
1509:
1499:
1489:
1484:(713â723 CE)
1479:
1469:
1452:
1407:Ame-no-Uzume
1347:
1292:
1288:adding to it
1283:
1258:
1229:
1212:
1169:
1153:polytheistic
1147:
1140:
1132:
1126:
1115:
1064:
1058:
997:
991:
985:
981:Saraca asoca
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
952:sacred trees
946:
925:such as the
901:
878:
876:
850:North Africa
847:
839:Jebel Barkal
835:polytheistic
824:
810:
802:
772:
750:
725:Martin Buber
720:
718:
712:
706:
696:
691:
663:
657:
653:
643:
628:
624:
619:
614:
606:
602:
578:epistemology
575:
570:
563:
559:
555:Bruno Latour
537:
520:
512:
496:
494:
472:
460:
458:
449:
434:
419:
391:
381:
366:
362:
356:
347:anthropology
345:
339:
329:
321:
317:
313:
311:
305:
302:
287:
284:Edward Tylor
277:
272:Edward Tylor
246:
238:
234:
230:
222:
205:
198:spiritualism
194:Edward Tylor
191:
174:Daniel Quinn
162:tree spirits
139:
135:anthropology
131:Edward Tylor
119:
111:
26:
25:
10842:Transtheism
10817:Panentheism
10589:Antony Flew
10574:Peter Geach
10507:René Guénon
10454:Lev Shestov
10449:Rudolf Otto
10156:of religion
9995:Panentheism
9928:Inclusivism
9847:Exclusivism
9842:Esotericism
9812:Creationism
9792:Agnosticism
9760:Poor design
9755:Omnipotence
9682:Natural law
9657:Ontological
9610:Contingency
9460:Holy Spirit
8908:Italo-Roman
8812:Ausar Auset
8580:Micronesian
8371:Gallo-Roman
8221:Anglo-Saxon
8019:Satsana Phi
7903:Momolianism
7807:Historical
7788:Panentheism
7392:Persecution
7261:Formicarius
7205:Spearfinger
7145:Elbow witch
7045:Magic sword
7010:Julleuchter
6995:Goofer dust
6937:White magic
6850:Incantation
6776:Black magic
6731:Renaissance
6699:Chaos magic
6671:Middle East
6602:Philippines
6479:Transtheism
6442:Physitheism
6410:Panentheism
6405:Open theism
6393:Post-theism
6270:New Atheism
6041:71(1):9â20.
6033:Ingold, Tim
5656:YouTube.com
5547:Harvey 2005
5535:Harvey 2005
5523:Harvey 2005
5511:Harvey 2005
5499:Harvey 2005
5487:Harvey 2005
5475:Curtis 2018
5424:Harvey 2005
5412:Harvey 2005
5400:Harvey 2005
5388:Harvey 2005
5373:Harvey 2005
5361:Harvey 2005
5349:Harvey 2005
5334:Harvey 2005
5293:Harvey 2005
5281:Harvey 2005
5269:Harvey 2005
5257:Harvey 2005
5245:Harvey 2005
5231:, pp.
4441:31 December
4415:11 November
4372:31 December
4274:Zeb, Alam,
4103:See, e.g.,
4089:22 November
4058:22 November
3595:Ishmael.org
3427:Ingold, Tim
3387:(1): 22â4.
3367:Harvey 2005
3355:Harvey 2005
3343:Harvey 2005
3331:Harvey 2005
3314:Harvey 2005
3302:Harvey 2005
3290:Harvey 2005
3266:Harvey 2005
3254:Harvey 2005
3242:Harvey 2005
3218:Ingold, Tim
3188:Harvey 2005
3161:Insoll 2004
3149:Harvey 2005
3137:Harvey 2005
3072:Harvey 2005
3055:Harvey 2005
3043:Harvey 2005
2987:Harvey 2005
2975:Harvey 2005
2963:Harvey 2005
2575:Panpsychism
2550:Ecotheology
2540:Anima mundi
2490:David Abram
2486:Linda Hogan
2466:Alan Garner
2446:rationalism
2365:Other usage
2282:Conne River
2104:incarnation
2098:preach the
2042:Philippines
1981:Philippines
1902:Afghanistan
1471:Nihon Shoki
1157:shamanistic
1155:, animist,
1087:Maharashtra
1083:North India
1075:Vat Purnima
1053:Vat Purnima
1020:(including
670:David Abram
646:David Abram
497:new animism
437:Jean Piaget
180:, and many
176:, sculptor
10827:Polytheism
10796:Categories
10559:J L Mackie
10517:Karl Barth
10314:David Hume
10236:Maimonides
10221:Heraclitus
10010:Polytheism
9980:Nondualism
9968:Humanistic
9953:Naturalism
9943:Monotheism
9901:Henotheism
9896:Gnosticism
9827:Demonology
9710:747 gambit
9627:Experience
9465:Misotheism
9261:Witchcraft
9244:World tree
9182:Orthopraxy
9031:Stregheria
8978:Udmurt Vos
8941:Burkhanism
8849:Dievturība
8827:Mexicayotl
8595:Polynesian
8575:Melanesian
8570:Australian
8488:Babylonian
8302:Lusitanian
8297:Gallaecian
8287:Cantabrian
8263:Eleusinian
8177:Circassian
8173:Caucasian
8162:Lithuanian
8079:Sanamahism
8059:Donyi-Polo
7920:Philippine
7898:Kaharingan
7883:Vietnamese
7798:Polytheism
7705:Maleficium
7629:Witch-hunt
7433:Witch camp
7092:Witch ball
7035:Magic ring
7020:Love charm
6875:Necromancy
6870:Moon magic
6865:Mediumship
6860:Love magic
6845:Gray magic
6825:Divination
6624:Benandanti
6554:witchcraft
6454:Polytheism
6447:Euhemerism
6425:Hylotheism
6366:Monotheism
6341:Henotheism
6336:Misotheism
6230:Antitheism
6015:S. Diamond
5855:. London:
5229:Abram 1996
5118:8 December
5041:1597523402
4946:9715427294
4890:B007FR4S8G
4779:1741795281
4751:"NURISTAN"
4635:Strand, R.
4044:"Nigrodha"
3999:18 January
3919:16 January
3815:1 November
3520:, p.
3518:Abram 1996
3506:Abram 2010
3491:Abram 1996
3474:, p.
3458:, p.
3441:. p.
3224:. London:
3119:. p.
3009:16 January
2801:(5): 653.
2658:Segal 2004
2631:References
2385:Physicist
2347:Bell Rocks
2240:dimensions
2221:divination
2122:biocentric
1909:Ghaznavids
1898:Kafiristan
1839:Indo-Aryan
1835:Devanagari
1549:Ichinomiya
1395:Major kami
1372:Polytheism
1197:') in
1185:Kangleipak
1171:Sanamahism
1129:Pali canon
1073:of India.
948:Panchavati
927:Bodhi Tree
907:Hindu text
609:Tim Ingold
597:Bandiagara
514:personhood
422:Tim Ingold
214:biological
166:true names
49:') is the
10659:Loyal Rue
10384:Karl Marx
10206:Gaudapada
10035:Shamanism
10000:Pantheism
9985:Nontheism
9963:Religious
9948:Mysticism
9921:Christian
9911:Religious
9862:Atheistic
9857:Christian
9740:Nonbelief
9725:Free will
9541:Mormonism
9365:Afterlife
9212:Sacrifice
9207:Holy well
9175:Mythology
9158:Stone row
8968:Hungarian
8898:Hellenism
8893:Heathenry
8861:Caucasian
8823:American
8817:Godianism
8778:movements
8510:Canaanite
8413:Hungarian
8381:Mithraism
8312:Camunnian
8253:Hero cult
8120:Anatolian
8034:Benzhuism
8029:Bathouism
7957:Dravidian
7888:Indonesia
7858:Mongolian
7793:Pantheism
7606:Classical
7125:Baba Yaga
7108:mythology
6917:Spiritism
6907:Sex magic
6885:Shamanism
6880:Occultism
6835:Evocation
6830:Entheogen
6808:Damnation
6759:Practices
6489:Tritheism
6415:Pantheism
6388:Nontheism
6383:Mysticism
6361:Monolatry
6331:Egotheism
6326:Dystheism
6314:Polydeism
6235:Apatheism
6208:Existence
6078:. 1997.
5941:(2006) .
5857:Routledge
5822:224796411
5168:. p. 199.
4996:. p. 255.
4927:. p. 234.
4238:e-pao.net
3540:Routledge
3439:Routledge
3401:143991508
3226:Routledge
3117:Routledge
2905:4 October
2849:"Animism"
2795:Religions
2761:143991508
2590:Shamanism
2555:Hylozoism
2535:Animatism
2438:modernity
2417:Darwinism
2334:libations
2249:sentience
2203:Shamanism
2197:Shamanism
2156:July 2021
1977:priestess
1947:July 2021
1883:Alexander
1812:July 2021
1657:Ko-ShintĆ
1587:Festivals
1581:Practices
1521:Engishiki
1501:Kogo Shƫi
1432:Tsukuyomi
1402:Amaterasu
1367:Mythology
1352:Animatism
1295:July 2021
1246:Confucian
1193:for '
1161:syncretic
1137:epiphytic
1120:. In the
913:language
883:, namely
795:Fetishism
775:pantheism
682:pluralist
674:cognitive
634:Shamanism
616:practice.
591:village,
551:scientism
544:Cartesian
540:Modernism
388:fetishism
322:shamanism
298:fetishism
208:animismus
188:Etymology
170:mythology
150:sentience
142:spiritual
55:spiritual
37:meaning '
10781:Category
10726:Religion
10716:Exegesis
10201:Boethius
10196:Averroes
10191:Avicenna
10173:medieval
10143:Theodicy
9990:Pandeism
9906:Humanism
9874:Thealogy
9817:Dharmism
9787:Acosmism
9779:Theology
9647:Morality
9642:Miracles
9521:Hinduism
9511:Buddhism
9470:Pandeism
9445:Demiurge
9413:Theodicy
9143:Megalith
9133:Idolatry
9128:Folklore
8958:Estonian
8913:Kemetism
8888:Canarian
8839:Armenian
8808:African
8727:Malagasy
8697:Dahomean
8675:Bushongo
8620:Tahitian
8615:Rapa Nui
8605:Hawaiian
8493:Sumerian
8471:Egyptian
8393:Scythian
8354:Thracian
8349:Illyrian
8317:Ligurian
8226:Frankish
8216:Germanic
8211:Etruscan
8187:Ossetian
8182:Georgian
8142:Armenian
8135:Phrygian
8115:Albanian
8101:European
8069:Kiratism
7989:Ryukyuan
7947:Hinduism
7893:Parmalim
7878:Sarnaism
7863:Tengrism
7815:extinct)
7767:Paganism
7639:Pricking
7550:Scotland
7473:Virginia
7463:New York
7458:Maryland
7451:Americas
7200:Sorginak
7190:Pasiphaë
7082:Talisman
7052:Mojo bag
7000:Grimoire
6895:Regional
6840:Familiar
6803:Anathema
6719:Neopagan
6714:Medieval
6619:Akelarre
6309:Pandeism
6186:Divinity
6094:. 1906.
5832:(2005).
5814:10593728
5687:(1996).
5573:Archived
5439:(2002).
5208:(1972).
5148:. 2008.
4849:(1994).
4810:34553561
4619:16 March
4614:DAWN.COM
4560:11 April
4520:Pakistan
4435:Atalayar
4289:: 56â64.
4243:18 April
4135:"Sikkim"
4119:, 1881,
4117:Fausböll
4024:19 March
3694:. p. 97.
3681:. p. 11.
3615:(1920).
3429:(2000).
3087:(1871).
2857:cite web
2681:Archived
2570:Kaitiaki
2545:Dayawism
2523:See also
2382:(1911).
2322:Aotearoa
2094:and the
2060:bhattara
2055:Sanskrit
2047:babaylan
1894:Nuristan
1854:Pakistan
1652:Kokugaku
1630:See also
1592:Kannushi
1524:(927 CE)
1504:(807 CE)
1494:(797 CE)
1474:(720 CE)
1313:a series
1310:Part of
1133:nigrodha
1099:Jyeshtha
1034:Buddhism
1026:Shaivism
1018:Hinduism
1016:such as
950:are the
911:Sanskrit
909:, has a
889:Buddhism
885:Hinduism
799:Totemism
764:Concepts
735:Religion
711:defined
686:ontology
410:totemism
393:totemism
318:totemism
247:Earlier
126:cultural
89:of many
10802:Animism
10752:more...
10485:postwar
10168:Ancient
10056:more...
9975:New Age
9916:Secular
9886:Fideism
9837:Dualism
9807:Atheism
9797:Animism
9703:Against
9546:Sikhism
9536:Judaism
9531:Jainism
9440:Brahman
9393:Miracle
9113:Tumulus
9041:Druidry
8973:Mordvin
8963:Finnish
8928:Semitic
8876:Uatsdin
8737:Odinani
8717:Lugbara
8585:Nauruan
8522:Persian
8517:Iranian
8505:Arabian
8500:Semitic
8466:Hurrian
8334:Nuragic
8322:Umbrian
8308:Italic
8282:Iberian
8192:Vainakh
8157:Latvian
8125:Hittite
8054:Burmese
8039:Bimoism
7974:Punjabi
7942:Chinese
7925:Tagalog
7910:KejawĂšn
7783:Animism
7678:Related
7622:Related
7540:Iceland
7535:Finland
7530:England
7525:Denmark
7489:Hungary
7185:Obayifo
7115:Agamede
7072:Potions
7005:Incense
6946:Objects
6766:Animism
6741:Warlock
6676:Oceania
6659:Britain
6346:Ietsism
6240:Atheism
6225:Animism
6191:Goddess
6133:Animism
6120:animism
6021:Reprint
5678:Sources
5316:8 April
5047:. p. 82
4392:. p.28.
3973:18 July
3967:Mid Day
3947:18 July
2724:2661147
2646:EB 1878
2370:Science
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1342:Beliefs
1231:shéndà o
1218:Chinese
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1195:Manipur
1177:of the
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1101:in the
1095:Gujarat
1069:is the
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1038:Jainism
897:Sikhism
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879:In the
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473:animism
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372:, 2005.
314:animism
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9499:God in
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9217:animal
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8854:Romuva
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8625:Tongan
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8529:Berber
8476:Nubian
8403:Uralic
8398:Slavic
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8344:Dacian
8329:Minoan
8292:Castro
8268:Orphic
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8199:Celtic
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8064:Heraka
7994:Korean
7984:Shinto
7969:Kalash
7932:Marapu
7868:Turkic
7853:Manchu
7848:Altaic
7591:Basque
7576:Geneva
7571:France
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7504:Russia
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6681:MÄkutu
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4276:et al
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2720:JSTOR
2684:(PDF)
2677:(PDF)
2602:Notes
2458:MÄori
2305:Flora
2290:kitpu
2182:Some
2108:Jesus
2019:Anito
1990:anito
1985:apdel
1974:Itneg
1959:Muism
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10602:2010
10600:1990
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4562:2021
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4494:ISBN
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4374:2022
4311:ISBN
4245:2022
4197:ISBN
4170:ISBN
4143:ISBN
4091:2008
4060:2008
4026:2019
4001:2015
3975:2021
3949:2021
3921:2012
3846:ISBN
3817:2019
3804:ISBN
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3712:ISBN
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