Spirituality - Knowledge

2802:, add to well-being. There is also some suggestion that the benefits associated with spirituality and religiosity might arise from being a member of a close-knit community. Social bonds available via secular sources (i.e., not unique to spirituality or faith-based groups) might just as effectively raise well-being. In sum, spirituality may not be the "active ingredient" (i.e., past association with psychological well-being measures might reflect a reverse causation or effects from other variables that correlate with spirituality), and that the effects of agreeableness, conscientiousness, or virtue – personality traits common in many non-spiritual people yet known to be slightly more common among the spiritual – may better account for spirituality's apparent correlation with mental health and social support. 1617: 2348:

strongest element in society influencing the thinking and actions of the people. Hence spirituality was a sub-domain of religion. Despite the rapid social, economic and political changes of the last century, traditional religion remains the essential background for many African people. And that religion is a communal given, not an individual choice. Religion gives all of life its meaning and provides ground for action. Each person is "a living creed of his religion". There is no concern for spiritual matters apart from ones physical and communal life. Life continues after death but remains focused on pragmatic family and community matters.

2103: 2798:, whether the correlation represents a causal link remains contentious. Both supporters and opponents of this claim agree that past statistical findings are difficult to interpret, in large part because of the ongoing disagreement over how spirituality should be defined and measured. There is also evidence that an agreeable/positive temperament and/or a tendency toward sociability (which all correlate with spirituality) might actually be the key psychological features that predispose people to subsequently adopt a spiritual orientation and that these characteristics, not spiritually 2878:

spirituality quantitatively, including unidimensional (e.g. the Character Strength Inventory—Spirituality and the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale) and multi-dimensional (e.g. Spiritual Transcendence Scale (STS) and the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS)) scales. MacDonald et al. gave an "Expressions of Spirituality Inventory" (ESI-R) measuring five dimensions of spirituality to over 4000 persons across eight countries. The study results and interpretation highlighted the complexity and challenges of measurement of spirituality cross-culturally.

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24 gurus that nature provides. For example, earth teaches steadfastness and the wisdom that all things while pursuing their own activities, do nothing but follow the divine laws that are universally established; another wisdom from earth is her example of accepting the good and bad from everyone. Another guru, the honeybee teaches that one must make effort to gain knowledge, a willingness and flexibility to examine, pick and collect essence from different scriptures and sources. And so on. Nature is a mirror image of spirit, perceptive awareness of nature can be spirituality.

2270: 2091: 4005: 3184: 4139: 2115: 14801: 2890: 14811: 1241:. It aims to present Hinduism as a "homogenized ideal of Hinduism" with Advaita Vedanta as its central doctrine. Due to the colonisation of Asia by the western world, since the 19th century an exchange of ideas has been taking place between the western world and Asia, which also influenced western religiosity. Unitarianism, and the idea of Universalism, was brought to India by missionaries, and had a major influence on neo-Hinduism via 1520: 2489:

pure egoist." Similarly, Aristotle – one of the first known Western thinkers to demonstrate that morality, virtue and goodness can be derived without appealing to supernatural forces – argued that "men create Gods in their own image" (not the other way around). Moreover, theistic and atheistic critics alike dismiss the need for the "secular spirituality" label on the basis that it appears to be nothing more than

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and psychological meaning. Socially it denoted the territory of the clergy: "the ecclesiastical against the temporary possessions, the ecclesiastical against the secular authority, the clerical class against the secular class". Psychologically, it denoted the realm of the inner life: "the purity of motives, affections, intentions, inner dispositions, the psychology of the spiritual life, the analysis of the feelings".

1099:. The Transcendentalists emphasized an intuitive, experiential approach to religion. Following Schleiermacher, an individual's intuition of truth was taken as the criterion for truth. In the late 18th and early 19th century, the first translations of Hindu texts appeared, which were also read by the Transcendentalists, and influenced their thinking. They also endorsed 3092:: "Yoga is not easy to define. In most general terms, the Sanskrit word yoga stands for spiritual discipline in Hinduism, Jainism, and certain schools of Buddhism. (...). Yoga is the equivalent of Christian mysticism, Moslem Sufism, or the Jewish Kabbalah. A spiritual practitioner is known as a yogin (if male) or a yogini (if female)." 4583:, p. 8; Quote: "(...) one need not be religious in the minimal sense described to be accepted as a Hindu by Hindus, or describe oneself perfectly validly as Hindu. One may be polytheistic or monotheistic, monistic or pantheistic, even an agnostic, humanist or atheist, and still be considered a Hindu."; 3104:

discusses examples from Bhagavata Purana, another ancient Hindu scripture, where a forest worker discovers observing mother nature is a spiritual practice, to wisdom and liberating knowledge. The Purana suggests that "true knowledge of nature" leads to "true knowledge of Self and God." It illustrates

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In the 11th century, this meaning of "Spirituality" changed. Instead, the word began to denote the mental aspect of life, as opposed to the material and sensual aspects of life, "the ecclesiastical sphere of light against the dark world of matter". In the 13th century "spirituality" acquired a social

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spiritual"). In 1930 Russell, a self-described agnostic renowned as an atheist, wrote "... one's ego is no very large part of the world. The man who can centre his thoughts and hopes upon something transcending self can find a certain peace in the ordinary troubles of life which is impossible to the

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In some African contexts, spirituality is considered a belief system that guides the welfare of society and the people therein, and eradicates sources of unhappiness occasioned by evil. In traditional society prior to colonization and extensive introduction to Christianity or Islam, religion was the

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Hinduism has no traditional ecclesiastical order, no centralized religious authorities, no governing body, no prophets nor any binding holy book; Hindus can choose to be polytheistic, henotheistic, pantheistic, monotheistic, or atheistic. Within this diffuse and open structure, spirituality in Hindu

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After the Second World War, spirituality and theistic religion became increasingly disconnected, and spirituality became more oriented on subjective experience, instead of "attempts to place the self within a broader ontological context". A new discourse developed, in which (humanistic) psychology,

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There is no single, widely agreed-upon definition of spirituality. Surveys of the definition of the term, as used in scholarly research, show a broad range of definitions with limited overlap. A survey of reviews by McCarroll, each dealing with the topic of spirituality, gave twenty-seven explicit

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is a contemporary movement which seeks to remove the supernatural claims of the faith and replace them with a post-critical understanding of biblical spirituality based on historical and scientific research. It focuses on the lived experience of spirituality over historical dogmatic claims, and

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Sikhism considers spiritual life and secular life to be intertwined: "In the Sikh Weltanschauung ... the temporal world is part of the Infinite Reality and partakes of its characteristics." Guru Nanak described living an "active, creative, and practical life" of "truthfulness, fidelity,

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suggests that a successful spiritual practice requires a longing for truth, but warns of becoming 'false ascetic' who go through the mechanics of spiritual practice without meditating on the nature of Self and universal Truths. In the practice of Hinduism, suggest modern era scholars such as

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Considerable debate persists about – among other factors – spirituality's relation to religion, the number and content of its dimensions, its relation to concepts of well-being, and its universality. A number of research groups have developed instruments which attempt to measure

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Sufis consider themselves as the original true proponents of this pure original form of Islam. They are strong adherents to the principal of tolerance, peace and against any form of violence. The Sufi have suffered severe persecution by more rigid and fundamentalist groups such as the

2221:, the choice between the paths is up to the individual and a person's proclivities. Other scholars suggest that these Hindu spiritual practices are not mutually exclusive, but overlapping. These four paths of spirituality are also known in Hinduism outside India, such as in 2396:

and generally believe in the existence of different "spiritual paths", emphasizing the importance of finding one's own individual path to spirituality. According to one 2005 poll, about 24% of the United States population identifies itself as "spiritual but not religious".

2869:– benign in the sense that the same aberrant sensory perceptions that those suffering clinical psychoses evaluate as distressingly incongruent and inexplicable are instead interpreted by spiritual individuals as positive (personal and meaningful transcendent experiences). 2562:

a wide array of positive health outcomes, including "morale, happiness, and life satisfaction". However, Schuurmans-Stekhoven (2013) actively attempted to replicate this research and found more "mixed" results. Nevertheless, spirituality has played a central role in some

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Within spirituality is also found "a common emphasis on the value of thoughtfulness, tolerance for breadth and practices and beliefs, and appreciation for the insights of other religious communities, as well as other sources of authority within the social sciences."

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have examined brain functioning during reported spiritual experiences finding that certain neurotransmitters and specific areas of the brain are involved. Moreover, experimenters have also successfully induced spiritual experiences in individuals by administering

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between spirituality and mental well-being in both healthy people and those encountering a range of physical illnesses or psychological disorders. Although spiritual individuals tend to be optimistic, report greater social support, and experience higher intrinsic

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According to Kees Waaijman, the traditional meaning of spirituality is a process of re-formation that "aims to recover the original shape of man, the image of God. To accomplish this, the re-formation is oriented at a mold, which represents the original shape: in

5069:, pp. 97–98; Quote: "When, for example, in the Bhagavad-Gita Lord Krsna speaks of jnana-, bhakti- and karma-yoga, he is not talking about three entirely separate ways of carrying out one's spiritual practice, but, rather, about three aspects of the ideal life". 1043:

traditions and elements of Asian, especially Indian, religions. Spirituality became increasingly disconnected from traditional religious organizations and institutions. It is sometimes associated today with philosophical, social, or political movements such as

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Cottam, S.; Paul, S. N.; Doughty, O. J.; Carpenter, L.; Al-Mousawi, A.; Karvounis, S.; Done, D. J. (2011). "Does religious belief enable positive interpretation of auditory hallucinations? A comparison of religious voice hearers with and without psychosis".

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Spiritual experiences play a central role in modern spirituality. Both western and Asian authors have popularised this notion. Important early-20th century Western writers who studied the phenomenon of spirituality, and their works, include

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has developed and expanded over time, and various meanings can be found alongside each other. Traditionally, spirituality referred to a religious process of re-formation which "aims to recover the original shape of man", oriented at "the

2484:) who clearly value the non-material, communal, and virtuous aspects of life reject this usage of the term "spirituality" as being overly-broad (i.e. it effectively amounts to saying "everything and anything that is good and virtuous is 7075:

Schuurmans-Stekhoven, J.B. (2014). "Measuring Spirituality as Personal Belief in Supernatural Forces: Is the Character Strength Inventory-Spirituality subscale a brief, reliable and valid measure?". Implicit Religion. 17 (2): 211–222.

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The new Western spiritual landscape, characterised by consumerism and choice abundance, is scattered with novel religious manifestations based in psychology and the Human Potential Movement, each offering participants a pathway to the

2536: 2185:, profession) becomes in itself a spiritual practice, and work in daily life is perfected as a form of spiritual liberation and not for its material rewards. Rāja marga is the path of cultivating necessary virtues, self-discipline, 922:

definitions among which "there was little agreement". This causes some difficulty in trying to study spirituality systematically; i.e., it impedes both understanding and the capacity to communicate findings in a meaningful fashion.

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Jones, L.G., "A thirst for god or consumer spirituality? Cultivating disciplined practices of being engaged by god," in L. Gregory Jones and James J. Buckley eds., Spirituality and Social Embodiment, Oxford: Blackwell, 1997, 3–28

2306:, the goal is to attain the "attendant balance of separation-fusion, self-other, action-inaction, attachment-detachment, in the course of daily life", the polar opposite to a self-centered existence. Nanak talks further about the 2646:. Schleiermacher used the idea of "religious experience" to defend religion against the growing scientific and secular critique. Many scholars of religion, of whom William James was the most influential, adopted the concept. 1310:

have given rise to this broader view of spirituality. The term "spiritual" is now frequently used in contexts in which the term "religious" was formerly employed. Both theists and atheists have criticized this development.

2508:" already efficiently and succinctly describe the prosocial-orientation and civility that the phrase "secular spirituality" is meant to convey but without risking confusion that one is referring to something supernatural. 1012:

In the 17th and 18th centuries, a distinction was made between higher and lower forms of spirituality: "A spiritual man is one who is Christian 'more abundantly and deeper than others'." The word was also associated with

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This reference gave rise to the distinguishing of two forms of jihad: "greater" and "lesser". Some Islamic scholars dispute the authenticity of this reference and consider the meaning of jihad as a holy war to be more

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Benson; et al. (2006). "Study of the Therapeutic Effects of Intercessory Prayer (STEP) in cardiac bypass patients: A multicenter randomized trial of uncertainty and certainty of receiving intercessory prayer".

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The Prophet ... returned from one of his battles, and thereupon told us, 'You have arrived with an excellent arrival, you have come from the Lesser Jihad to the Greater Jihad – the striving of a servant (of

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Griffiths, R.R., Richards, W.A., McCann, U., Jesse, R. (2006). Psilocybin can occasion mystical type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance Psychopharmacology,

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Drevets, W.C.; Gautier, C.; Price, J.C.; Kupfer, D.J.; Kinahan, P.E.; Grace, A.A.; Price, J.L.; Mathis, C.A. (2001). "Amphetamine-induced dopamine release in human ventral striatum correlates with euphoria".

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In the health-care professions there is growing interest in "spiritual care", to complement the medical-technical approaches and to improve the outcomes of medical treatments. Puchalski et al. argue for

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MacDonald, Douglas A.; Friedman, Harris L.; Brewczynski, Jacek; Holland, Daniel; Salagame, Kiran Kumar K.; Mohan, K. Krishna; Gubrij, Zuzana Ondriasova; Cheong, Hye Wook; Sueur, Cédric (3 March 2015).

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Schuurmans-Stekhoven, J.B. (2014). "Measuring Spirituality as Personal Belief in Supernatural Forces: Is the Character Strength Inventory-Spirituality subscale a brief, reliable and valid measure?".

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Somatic practices, especially deprivation and diminishment. Deprivation aims to purify the body. Diminishment concerns the repulsement of ego-oriented impulses. Examples include fasting and poverty.

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Crescentini, Cristiano; Di Bucchianico, Marilena; Fabbro, Franco; Urgesi, Cosimo (2015). "Excitatory stimulation of the right inferior parietal cortex lessens implicit religiousness/Spirituality".

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Fehring, R.J., Miller, J.F., Shaw, C. (1997). Spiritual well-being, religiosity, hope, depression, and other mood states in elderly people coping with cancer 24. Oncology Nursing Forum. pp. 663–71.

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Necini, P., & Grant, K.A. (2010). Psychobiology of drug-induced religious experience: From the brain 'locus of religion' to cognitive unbinding. Substance Use & Misuse, 45(13), 2130–51.

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Salsman, J.M.; Brown, T.L.; Brechting, E.H.; Carlson, C.R. (2005). "The link between religion and spirituality and psychological adjustment: The mediating role of optimism and social support".

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This doctrine has been adopted throughout the chemical dependency field including Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), despite the fact that it has no scientific foundation and is logically incorrect.

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when increasing numbers of people ... began to perceive a broad similarity between a wide variety of "alternative ideas" and pursuits, and started to think of them as part of one "movement".

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spirituality". Hanegraaf makes a distinction between two "New Age" movements: New Age in a restricted sense, which originated primarily in mid-twentieth century England and had its roots in

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Schuurmans-Stekhoven, J.B. (2013). "As a shepherd divideth his sheep from the goats": Does the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale encapsulate separable theistic and civility components?".

7814: 2167:(teacher) in one's spiritual practice. Bhakti marga is a path of faith and devotion to deity or deities; the spiritual practice often includes chanting, singing and music – such as in 1890:

Classical Sufi scholars have defined Sufism as "a science whose objective is the reparation of the heart and turning it away from all else but God". Alternatively, in the words of the

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Claridge, G. (2010) Spiritual experience: Healthy psychoticism? In Clarke, I. (Ed), Psychosis and spirituality: Consolidating the new paradigm (pp. 75–86). Chester: Wiley-Blackwell.

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re-affirmed that the political/temporal (Miri) and spiritual (Piri) realms are mutually coexistent. According to the 9th Sikh Guru, Tegh Bahadhur, the ideal Sikh should have both

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The man who can centre his thoughts and hopes upon something transcending self can find a certain peace in the ordinary troubles of life which is impossible to the pure egoist.

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or transformation, usually in a context separate from organized religious institutions. Spirituality can be defined generally as an individual's search for ultimate or sacred

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James' notions of "spiritual experience" had a further influence on the modernist streams in Asian traditions, making them even further recognisable for a western audience.

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which go beyond a purely materialist view of the world without necessarily accepting belief in a supernatural reality or any divine being. Nevertheless, many humanists (e.g.

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school, the spiritual practice emphasizes jñāna yoga in stages: samnyasa (cultivate virtues), sravana (hear, study), manana (reflect) and dhyana (nididhyasana, contemplate).

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method, discipline and school of thought of Judaism. Kabbalah is a set of esoteric teachings meant to explain the relationship between an unchanging, eternal and mysterious

3948: 1253:. Roy attempted to modernise and reform Hinduism, from the idea of Universalism. This universalism was further popularised, and brought back to the west as neo-Vedanta, by 7665:

Schuurmans-Stekhoven, J.B. (2013a). "Is God's call more than audible? A preliminary exploration of a two-dimensional model of theistic/spiritual beliefs and experiences".

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Schuurmans-Stekhoven, J.B. (2019). "Conviction, character and coping: religiosity and personality are both uniquely associated with optimism and positive reappraising".

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Joshanloo, Mohsen (4 December 2010). "Investigation of the Contribution of Spirituality and Religiousness to Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being in Iranian Young Adults".

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if an alcoholic failed to perfect and enlarge his spiritual life through work and self-sacrifice for others, he could not survive the certain trials and low spots ahead

3566: 1157:, was particularly interested in developing a genuine Western spirituality, and in the ways that such a spirituality could transform practical institutions such as 5313: 5223: 3225: 6260:

Hill, P.C. (1995). Affect theory and religious experience. In R.W. Hood, Jr (Ed.) Handbook of religious experience (pp.) Birmingham AL, Religious Education Press.

4541: 4463: 8251: 5169: 2173:– in front of idols, or images of one or more deity, or a devotional symbol of the holy. Karma marga is the path of one's work, where diligent practical work or 8374: 2822:

and colleagues revealed that intercessory prayer had no effect on recovery from cardiac arrest, but patients told people were praying for them actually had an

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Wong, Yuk-Lin Renita; Vinsky, Jana (2009). "Speaking from the Margins: A Critical Reflection on the 'Spiritual-but-not-Religious' Discourse in Social Work".

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Schuurmans-Stekhoven, J.B. (2011). "Is it God or just the data that moves in mysterious ways? How well-being research might be mistaking faith for virtue?".

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Thalbourne, M.A.; Delin, P.S. (1994). "A common thread underlying belief in the paranormal, creative personality, mystical experience and psychopathology".

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In Dutch: "Zuiverheid van motieven, affecties, wilsintenties, innerlijke disposities, de psychologie van het geestelijk leven, de analyse van de gevoelens".

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by electromagnetic stimulation of the brain. These results have motivated some leading theorists to speculate that spirituality may be a benign subtype of

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Murdana, I. Ketut (2008), Balinese Arts and Culture: A flash understanding of Concept and Behavior, Mudra – Jurnal Seni Budaya, Indonesia; Volume 22, p. 5

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Harung, Harald (2012). "Illustrations of Peak Experiences during Optimal Performance in World-class Performers Integrating Eastern and Western Insights".

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Schuurmans-Stekhoven, J.B. (2010). "'Moved by the spirit': does spirituality moderate the inter-relationships between subjective well-being subscales?".

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McCarroll, Pam; O'Connor, Thomas St. James; Meakes, Elizabeth (2005). "Assessing plurality in Spirituality Definitions". In Meier; et al. (eds.).

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D. Bhawuk (2011), Spirituality and Cultural Psychology, in Anthony Marsella (Series Editor), International and Cultural Psychology, Springer New York,

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In Dutch: "de kerkelijke tegenover de tijdelijke goederen, het kerkelijk tegenover het wereldlijk gezag, de geestelijke stand tegenover de lekenstand".

2524: 2007:, which literally means "development" or "cultivating" or "producing" in the sense of "calling into existence". It is an important concept in Buddhist 958:." Houtman and Aupers suggest that modern spirituality is a blend of humanistic psychology, mystical and esoteric traditions, and Eastern religions. 11312: 8003: 13754: 8316: 8032: 5753: 8344: 3760: 2661:

Hinduism, in which an emphasis on personal experience replaced the authority of scriptures. Suzuki had a major influence on the popularisation of

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In modern times, the term both spread to other religious traditions and broadened to refer to a wider range of experiences, including a range of

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Schuurmans-Stekhoven, J.B. (2017). "Spirit or Fleeting Apparition? Why Spirituality's Link with Social Support Might be Incrementally Invalid".

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accepts that the faith is both true and a human construction, and that spiritual experiences are psychologically and neurally real and useful.

732: 4420: 2247:. It involves initiation into the school, undergoing rituals, and achieving moksha liberation by experiencing union of cosmic polarities. The 7829: 2208:

suggests that those who engage in ritualistic offerings to gods and priests will fail in their spiritual practice, while those who engage in

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The distinction between the spiritual and the religious became more common in the popular mind during the late 20th century with the rise of

1129:, which searched for 'secret teachings' in Asian religions. It has been influential on modernist streams in several Asian religions, notably 7560: 14612: 11960: 7795: 7413: 3921: 3285: 2818:

prayer. They found no discernible health effects from being prayed for by others. In fact, one large and scientifically rigorous study by

1954:(non-possessiveness). These principles have affected Jain culture in many ways, such as leading to a predominantly vegetarian lifestyle. 2735:

Social practices. Examples include the practice of obedience and communal ownership, reforming ego-orientedness into other-orientedness.

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Ramakrishna Puligandla (1985), Jñâna-Yoga – The Way of Knowledge (An Analytical Interpretation), University Press of America New York,

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development, and spiritual retreats in a convent. Love and/or compassion are often described as the mainstay of spiritual development.

1111:, the idea that there must be truth in other religions as well since a loving God would redeem all living beings, not just Christians. 5400:

Searching for Spiritual Unity...can There be Common Ground?: A Basic Internet Guide to Forty World Religions & Spiritual Practices

5196: 4608:, Editor: VB Kher, Navajivan Publishing, see p. 3; According to Gandhi, "a man may not believe in God and still call himself a Hindu." 3449:

Bergomi, Mariapaola (2018). "Non-religious Spirituality in the Greek Age of Anxiety". In Salazar, Heather; Nicholls, Roderick (eds.).

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D'Aquili, E.G., & Newberg, A.B. (1998) The neuropsychological basis of religions, or Why God won't go away. Zygon, 33(2), 187–201

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Fort, A.O. (1998), Jīvanmukti in Transformation: Embodied Liberation in Advaita and Neo-Vedanta, State University of New York Press,

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In modern times the emphasis is on subjective experience and the "deepest values and meanings by which people live", incorporating

13739: 13613: 13598: 2191:(meditation), contemplation and self-reflection sometimes with isolation and renunciation of the world, to a pinnacle state called 757: 8090: 4601: 8520: 6481: 4317: 2310:

or akal (timelessness) that permeates all life). and which must be seen with 'the inward eye', or the 'heart', of a human being.

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Joseph, R. (2001). The limbic system and the soul: Evolution and the neuroanatomy of religious experience, Zygon, 36(1), 105–36.

3944: 2299:(spiritual meditative qualities). This was developed into the concept of the Saint Soldier by the 10th Sikh Guru, Gobind Singh. 1636:, and encourages a prophetic and contemplative lifestyle, one capable of deep enjoyment free of the obsession with consumption"; 7240:"The Spiritual Turn and the Decline of Tradition: The Spread of Post-Christian Spirituality in 14 Western Countries, 1981–2000" 1677:, there are many different forms of spirituality and private prayer which have developed over the centuries. Each of the major 993:

Words translatable as "spirituality" first began to arise in the 5th century and only entered common use toward the end of the

11538: 7134: 4027:; Assaf, David; Brown, Benjamin; Gellman, Uriel; Heilman, Samuel; Rosman, Moshe; Sagiv, Gadi; Wodziński, Marcin (2020-04-14). 13759: 8720: 8690: 8573: 8554: 8504: 8495: 8472: 8445: 8418: 7944:

Yelle, Robert A. (December 2012). "Comparative Religion as Cultural Combat: Occidentalism and Relativism in Rajiv Malhotra's

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Waaijman uses the word "omvorming", "to change the form". Different translations are possible: transformation, re-formation,

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Ellison, Christopher G.; Daisy Fan (Sep 2008). "Daily Spiritual Experiences and Psychological Well-Being among US Adults".

1584: 8154: 2468:, patience, tolerance, forgiveness, contentment, responsibility, harmony, and a concern for others). These are aspects of 2204:

There is a rigorous debate in Indian literature on relative merits of these theoretical spiritual practices. For example,

2071:, awareness of self, the discovery of higher truths, Ultimate reality, and a consciousness that is liberated and content. 1299:

noted the development within New Age circles of what he called "seminar spirituality": structured offerings complementing

997:. In a Biblical context the term means being animated by God. The New Testament offers the concept of being driven by the 14342: 13623: 13219: 8880: 8293:, philosophical interest in mysticism has been heavy in distinctive, allegedly knowledge-granting 'mystical experiences.' 6288:, & C.L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (pp. 235–52). New York: Guilford Press. 4401: 3558: 1556: 1403:(no end) and the mortal and finite universe (his creation). Interpretations of Kabbalistic spirituality are found within 693: 8119: 3233: 14552: 14282: 14164: 13618: 12198: 10110: 9494: 4538: 3005:* Cobb et al.: "The spiritual dimension is deeply subjective and there is no authoritative definition of spirituality". 725: 8247: 2628:. He has also influenced the understanding of mysticism as a distinctive experience which allegedly grants knowledge. 14850: 14602: 13423: 10631: 9564: 7167: 6675: 5878: 5680: 5640: 5150: 5139: 5128: 5092: 5066: 4913: 4877: 4790: 4705: 4662: 4657:

John Arapura, Spirit and Spiritual Knowledge in the Upanishads, in Hindu Spirituality, Editor: Ewert Cousins (1989),

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traditions. The attributes and means by which Christian mysticism is studied and practiced are varied and range from

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Seybold, Kevin S.; Peter C. Hill (Feb 2001). "The Role of Religion and Spirituality in Mental and Physical Health".

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Richard King (1999), Indian philosophy: An introduction to Hindu and Buddhist thought, Edinburgh University Press,

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Richard King (1999), Indian philosophy: An introduction to Hindu and Buddhist thought, Edinburgh University Press,

4515:"Rhys Davids & Stede (1921–25), p. 503, entry for "Bhāvanā," retrieved 9 December 2008 from University Chicago" 1685:

groupings have their own unique spirituality – its own way of approaching God in prayer and in living out the

6507:"Five-Factor Model Personality Traits, Spirituality/Religiousness, and Mental Health Among People Living With HIV" 4382: 1955: 1747:: The "greater jihad" is the inner struggle by a believer to fulfill his religious duties and fight against one's 14617: 14512: 13638: 13633: 13589: 13214: 12058: 11280: 10265: 7305: 4634:; Quote: "क्षैत्रज्ञ n. (fr. g. , spirituality, nature of the soul Lit. W.; the knowledge of the soul Lit. W." 4627: 4539:

Monier-Williams (1899), p. 755, see "Bhāvana" and "Bhāvanā," retrieved 9 December 2008 from University of Cologne

4460: 3256:"Relationship between Spirituality and Emotional Maturity with Cultural Intelligence in Preventing Culture Shock" 1741:

An inner spiritual struggle and an outer physical struggle are two commonly accepted meanings of the Arabic word

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the term "spirit" is commonly taken as denoting the existence of unseen / otherworldly / life-giving forces; and

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Saroglou, V (2010). "Religiousness as a cultural adaptation of basic traits: A five-factor model perspective".

5486: 3452:

The Philosophy of Spirituality: Analytic, Continental and Multicultural Approaches to a New Field of Philosophy

2909: 1658: 1649:, with an understanding of its meaning, and relaxation are both important dimensions of Christian spirituality. 1541: 12704: 12579: 5539: 4263: 4113: 1570: 1067:(1803–1882) was a pioneer of the idea of spirituality as a distinct field. He was one of the major figures in 14622: 14037: 13774: 13433: 13282: 13204: 12626: 11668: 11179: 9818: 8596: 8465:

A new religious America: How a "Christian country" has now become the world's most religiously diverse nation

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Modern notions of spirituality developed throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, mixing Christian ideas with

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Saroglou, V.; Buxant, C.; Tilquin, J. (2008). "Positive emotions as leading to religion and spirituality".

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Spiritual. All practices aim at purifying ego-centeredness, and direct the abilities at the divine reality.

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or non-material is important to living well can be just as happy as more spiritually-oriented individuals (

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The term spirit means "animating or vital principle in man and animals". It is derived from the Old French

12714: 5528:"Pilgrimages to the Self: Exploring the Topography of Western Consumer Spirituality through 'the Journey'" 4397:

Nuh Ha Mim Keller, "How would you respond to the claim that Sufism is Bid'a?", 1995. Fatwa accessible at:

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known to elicit euphoria and perceptual distortions. Conversely, religiosity and spirituality can also be

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Kurup, R.K.; Kurup, P.A. (2003). "Hypothalamic digoxin, hemispheric chemical digoxin, and spirituality".

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Masters, K.S.; Spielmans, G.I (2007). "Prayer and health: review, meta-analysis, and research agenda".

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Ahmed Zarruq, Zaineb Istrabadi, Hamza Yusuf Hanson – "The Principles of Sufism". Amal Press. 2008.

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Religion and the Specter of the West – Sikhism, India, Postcoloniality and the Politics of Translation

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Schneiders, Sandra M. (1993). "Spirituality as an Academic Discipline: Reflections from Experience".

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Spiritual experiences can include being connected to a larger reality, yielding a more comprehensive

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was formerly employed. Contemporary spirituality is also called "post-traditional spirituality" and "

1306:

Among other factors, declining membership of organized religions and the growth of secularism in the

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Macrae, Janet (1995). "Nightingale's spiritual philosophy and its significance for modern nursing".

14219: 14179: 14134: 13924: 13914: 13719: 13468: 13293: 13229: 13199: 13089: 12854: 12763: 12731: 12692: 12604: 11501: 10726: 10662: 10132: 10117: 9811: 9408: 7373:"Trajectories to the New Age. The spiritual turn of the first generation of Dutch New Age teachers" 5018:

David Carpenter, Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Editor: Knut Jacobsen (2010), Volume II, Brill,

4417: 3057:

In Dutch: "Een spiritueel mens is iemand die 'overvloediger en dieper dan de anderen' christen is".

2662: 2635: 2417: 2213: 1959: 1729: 1273: 1084: 683: 648: 11169: 8518:(2010). "The current status of measures of spirituality: A critical review of scale development". 4802:

See discussion of Hinduism and karma yoga in two different professions in these journal articles:

3589:""Negative to a marked degree" or "an intense and glowing faith"? Rufus Jones and quaker quietism" 14670: 14607: 14557: 14517: 14462: 14097: 14092: 13982: 13929: 13819: 13749: 13545: 13351: 13266: 12471: 12449: 12248: 12070: 11595: 11211: 11138: 10822: 10193: 9993: 9902: 8925: 8784: 7511: 4646:

Bhavasar and Kiem, Spirituality and Health, in Hindu Spirituality, Editor: Ewert Cousins (1989),

2934: 2438: 2375: 1705: 1530: 1447: 1080: 419: 45: 7856:

Sinari, Ramakant (2000). "Advaita and Contemporary Indian Philosophy". In Chattopadhyana (ed.).

7372: 7019:"Spirituality as a Scientific Construct: Testing Its Universality across Cultures and Languages" 5156:

Sawai, Y. (1987), The Nature of Faith in the Śaṅkaran Vedānta Tradition, Numen, 34(1), pp. 18–44

3909: 3811: 3255: 2516:, is said to be an important aspect of modern spirituality, this does not imply spirituality is 973:, belief in a supernatural realm or afterlife, or to make sense of one's own "inner dimension". 14537: 14432: 14392: 14372: 14229: 14204: 14109: 14082: 14032: 14002: 13992: 13909: 13874: 13859: 13844: 13799: 13734: 13403: 13334: 13239: 13234: 12975: 12898: 12660: 12542: 12466: 12263: 12253: 12112: 12080: 12018: 11989: 11496: 11491: 11275: 11156: 11116: 10901: 10242: 10237: 10217: 10213: 9628: 9065: 7526: 6563: 5873:. Wiley Series in General and Clinical Psychiatry. Vol. 10. Wiley & Sons. p. 96. 4679:

Gavin Flood, Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Editor: Knut Jacobsen (2010), Volume II, Brill,

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traces the roots of the notion of "religious experience" further back to the German theologian

1343: 1162: 1108: 791:, and the "deepest values and meanings by which people live", often in a context separate from 166: 20: 5258: 2102: 1965:

Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through a succession of twenty-four leaders or

1902:, purify one's inner self from filth, and beautify it with a variety of praiseworthy traits". 14835: 14778: 14723: 14640: 14592: 14567: 14367: 14189: 14184: 14052: 14042: 13864: 13540: 13478: 13298: 13244: 12665: 12643: 12562: 12503: 12169: 11608: 11459: 10589: 10188: 10100: 9752: 9612: 8789: 8542: 6941:"Affective reactions to auditory hallucinations in psychotic, evangelical and control groups" 5003:

CR Prasad, Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Editor: Knut Jacobsen (2010), Volume II, Brill,

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John Lochtefeld (2002), The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Rosen Publishing New York,

1973:, whom the tradition holds to have lived millions of years ago; the twenty-third tirthankara 1754: 1646: 1505: 1382: 706: 623: 424: 268: 123: 30: 11479: 11427: 8402:

The Method of Early Advaita Vedānta: A Study of Gauḍapāda, Śaṅkara, Sureśvara, and Padmapāda

6502: 6388:

Saroglou, V (2002). "Religion and the five factors of personality: A meta-analytic review".

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The influence of Asian traditions on Western modern spirituality was also furthered by the

1142: 1126: 1072: 970: 962: 808: 469: 449: 404: 357: 218: 171: 69: 11543: 10425: 7433:"Spiritual Dimensions of Whole Person Care: Reaching National and International Consensus" 1577: 8: 14773: 14748: 14728: 14705: 14632: 14582: 14562: 14477: 14467: 14422: 14382: 14337: 14332: 14322: 14312: 14307: 14302: 14292: 14277: 14272: 14267: 14262: 14257: 14234: 14144: 14119: 13997: 13987: 13949: 13919: 13904: 13889: 13879: 13869: 13834: 13829: 13779: 13724: 13699: 13643: 13500: 13483: 13371: 13366: 13356: 13224: 13025: 12938: 12883: 12859: 12746: 12631: 12589: 12384: 12233: 11861: 11653: 11528: 11307: 11094: 10979: 10907: 10797: 10718: 10545: 10198: 10022: 9868: 9060: 4357:

Azeemi, K.S., "Muraqaba: The Art and Science of Sufi Meditation". Houston: Plato, 2005. (

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Koenig, H.G. (2008). "Research on religion, spirituality, and mental health: A review".

7034: 5061:(2000), Hatha-Yoga: Its context, theory and practice, Motilal Banarsidass Publications, 3777:

Ole Therkelsen: Martinus, Darwin and Intelligent design. A new Theory of Evolution, p. 7

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abundance, is scattered with novel religious manifestations based in psychology and the

2160:, the way of contemplation and meditation, as a fourth way, calling all of them "yoga". 2043: 14753: 14733: 14700: 14597: 14587: 14532: 14527: 14457: 14437: 14427: 14412: 14407: 14387: 14357: 14352: 14327: 14317: 14249: 14214: 14199: 14104: 14077: 14067: 14027: 14012: 14007: 13959: 13954: 13894: 13849: 13809: 13704: 13691: 13493: 13473: 13398: 13271: 13094: 12768: 12726: 12567: 12535: 12510: 12437: 12417: 12238: 12186: 12174: 12152: 11744: 11702: 11575: 11400: 11395: 11390: 11189: 10973: 10949: 10328: 10252: 10000: 9946: 9110: 8629: 8082: 7965: 7740: 7682: 7653: 7624: 7544: 7457: 7432: 7405: 7126: 7053: 7018: 6918: 6862: 6819: 6738: 6589: 6531: 6506: 6370: 6315: 6216: 6099: 6064: 5792: 5784: 5747: 4946: 4865: 4841: 4598: 4105: 3608: 3101: 2959: 2954: 2720: 1438:

is a Jewish spiritual movement that has focused on developing character traits such as

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mystical and esoteric traditions and eastern religions are being blended, to reach the

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The "God" Part of the Brain: A Scientific Interpretation of Human Spirituality and God

6453: 6401: 4314: 1639:"Christian spirituality proposes a growth marked by moderation and the capacity to be 1628:

offers several ways in which the calling of Christian spirituality can be considered:

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and religious traditions. Modern usages tend to refer to a subjective experience of a

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Park, C (2005). "Religion as a meaning-making framework in coping with life stress".

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Gorsuch, R.L.; Miller, W.R. (1999). "Assessing spirituality". In W.R. Miller (ed.).

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The New Age Movement: The Celebration of the Self and the Sacralization of Modernity

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My aim is to show that an enlightened form of non-religious spirituality did exist.

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Lockwood draws attention to the variety of spiritual experience in the contemporary

2019:

normally appears in conjunction with another word forming a compound phrase such as

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Gebauer, J.; Bleidorn, W.; Gosling, S.; Rentfrow, P.; Lamb, M.; Potter, J. (2014).

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The Spiritual Dynamic in Modern Art: Art History Reconsidered, 1800 to the Present

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The Roots Of Unitarian Universalist Spirituality In New England Transcendentalism

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New Age Religion and Western Culture. Esotericism in the mirror of Secular Thought

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and similar practices are suggested to help the practitioner cultivate a personal

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The term "spiritual", meaning "concerning the spirit", is derived from Old French

14840: 14814: 13438: 13418: 12908: 12800: 12790: 12459: 12127: 11918: 11898: 11829: 11794: 11727: 11511: 11437: 11410: 11385: 11322: 11285: 11073: 11016: 10787: 10304: 10105: 10031: 9971: 9926: 9895: 9688: 9641: 9469: 9328: 9095: 8950: 8820: 8810: 7283: 7043: 6906: 6701: 5868: 5826: 5670: 5630: 4631: 4605: 4545: 4501: 4489: 4467: 4424: 4405: 4386: 4321: 4055: 4028: 3910:"Spiritual but Not Religious: The Vital Interplay between Submission and Freedom" 3878: 3766: 3450: 3003:* Koenig et al.: "There is no widely agreed on definition of spirituality today". 2895: 2791: 2678: 2631: 2528: 2461: 2401: 2252: 1919: 1899: 1895: 1880: 1821: 1713: 1654: 1633: 1624:

Christian spirituality is the spiritual practice of living out a personal faith.

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and integrated them in their religious concepts. A second, related influence was

966: 804: 800: 516: 213: 6940: 5257:. The Fundamentalism project. Vol. 3. University of Chicago Press. p. 4785:

Jean Varenne (1976), Yoga and the Hindu Tradition, University of Chicago Press,

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Various studies (most originating from North America) have reported a positive

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as insight into a timeless, transcendent reality. Other influences came through

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In Dutch: "de hemelse lichtsfeer tegenover de duistere wereld van de materie".

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Contemporary proponents of spirituality may suggest that spirituality develops

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Those who speak of spirituality outside of religion often define themselves as

2288: 1986: 1674: 1477: 1435: 1427:. This movement included an elite ideal of nullification to paradoxical Divine 1154: 1053: 987: 504: 203: 91: 10741: 8455: 7961: 7728: 7649: 7620: 6726: 6621: 6577: 6311: 6144: 6127: 6095: 5780: 4819: 4398: 3604: 1977:, whom historians date to 9th century BCE; and the twenty-fourth tirthankara, 1751:. This non-violent meaning is stressed by both Muslim and non-Muslim authors. 362: 14829: 13488: 13042: 12923: 12315: 12310: 12258: 12095: 12033: 11928: 11819: 11717: 11648: 11580: 11570: 11533: 11469: 11366: 11332: 11250: 11146: 11109: 11028: 10936: 10387: 10338: 10043: 9787: 9777: 9509: 9474: 9418: 9398: 9383: 9288: 9213: 9188: 9080: 9010: 8960: 8850: 8835: 8730: 8700: 8654: 8625: 8617: 8583: 8490: 8482: 8428: 7781: 7391: 6358: 6204: 5860: 5167: 5087:

Gavin Flood (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press,

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of all the available and reputable research examining the effects of distant

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in life. Additionally it can mean to seek out or search for personal growth,

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William James popularized the use of the term "religious experience" in his

1958:(the function of souls is to help one another) is the faith's motto and the 1935: 13628: 13530: 13386: 13074: 13047: 13037: 12918: 12350: 12285: 12228: 12213: 12179: 11804: 11712: 10708: 10599: 10594: 10445: 10415: 10289: 10257: 10005: 9976: 9963: 9669: 9393: 9358: 9075: 8940: 8870: 7865: 7736: 7707: 7599: 7556: 7466: 7288:

Orientalism and Religion: Post-Colonial Theory, India and "The Mystic East"

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self-control and purity" as being higher than a purely contemplative life.

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Puchalski, Christina; Vitillo, Robert; Hull, Sharon; Relle, Nancy (2014).

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Fundamentalisms and the State: Remaking Polities, Economies, and Militance

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Rochford, E.B. (1985), Hare Krishna in America, Rutgers University Press;

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Klaus Klostermaier (2007), A Survey of Hinduism, 3rd Edition, SUNY Press,

4849: 4101: 3812:"Video: Gurus, Women, and Yoga: The Spiritual World of Hindu Universalism" 2237:

Different schools of Hinduism encourage different spiritual practices. In

2157: 1838: 1815: 1462:, has encouraged spiritual practices of Jewish meditation, Jewish prayer, 13550: 13525: 13344: 13312: 13303: 13249: 13179: 13164: 13057: 12948: 12609: 12557: 12345: 12063: 12043: 11883: 11824: 11562: 11558: 11371: 10859: 10807: 10777: 10614: 10468: 10360: 10284: 10149: 10085: 10036: 9732: 9544: 9489: 9293: 9278: 9223: 8955: 8920: 8885: 8682: 7790: 5666: 5495: 4575:, Hindus: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition, Routledge, 4024: 2904: 2795: 2786: 2755: 2747: 2543: 2409: 2218: 2153: 2149: 2114: 1966: 1640: 1489: 1428: 1374: 1300: 1296: 1238: 1234: 1218: 1212: 1192: 1130: 1114: 1076: 994: 628: 546: 464: 454: 399: 384: 323: 306: 12864: 12805: 11908: 11302: 11121: 10670: 7548: 7512:"Spiritual But Not Religious? Evidence for Two Independent Dispositions" 5788: 3118: 2238: 13516: 13511: 13381: 13376: 13339: 13317: 13174: 13154: 13149: 12990: 12980: 12943: 12547: 12325: 12273: 12013: 11658: 11638: 11174: 11099: 11038: 10802: 10782: 10703: 10355: 10323: 10294: 10073: 10068: 10053: 9717: 9635: 9554: 9514: 9504: 9499: 9423: 9363: 9333: 9303: 9258: 9233: 9138: 9015: 8980: 7678: 7591: 7130: 5171:

The Socially Involved Renunciate – Guru Nanaks Discourse to Nath Yogi's

4958:

Levin, Jeff (2010). "Religion and mental health: Theory and research".

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Such spiritually-informed treatment approaches have been challenged as

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philosophy is an individual experience, and referred to as ksaitrajña (

2027:(the development/cultivation of loving kindness). When used on its own 1951: 1931: 1887:

Sufi were forced to flee Mecca and Medina and head to Sudan and Libya.

1544: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1284: 1092: 1088: 1045: 986:

Bergomi detects "an enlightened form of non-religious spirituality" in

788: 536: 318: 183: 12355: 11194: 8737: 7400: 6648: 4624: 4057:

A History of Kabbalah: From the Early Modern Period to the Present Day

2382:, and "New Age" in a general sense, which emerged in the later 1970s: 1870:

as you are seeing Him and while you see Him not yet truly He sees you.

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See the following two in Ewert Cousins series on World Spirituality:

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Not all modern notions of spirituality embrace transcendental ideas.

2433:. It often embraces the idea of an ultimate or an alleged immaterial 2430: 1693: 1632:"Christian spirituality proposes an alternative understanding of the 1250: 1014: 638: 598: 561: 414: 345: 301: 248: 130: 10891: 10420: 7476:

The Limits of Scripture: Vivekananda's Reinterpretation of the Vedas

7267:

Contemporary Debates in American Reform Judaism: Conflicting Visions

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school for example, the spiritual practice has been referred to as

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Vivekananda, S. (1980), Raja Yoga, Ramakrishna Vivekanada Center,

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Lester Kurtz (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace and Conflict,

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Major Asian influences on contemporary spirituality have included

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History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization

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Nelson, C.J.; Rosenfeld, B.; Breitbart, W.; Galietta, M. (2002).

5803: 5602: 3018: 2974: 2914: 2442: 2434: 2371: 2357: 2314: 2264: 2193: 2004: 1915: 1891: 1884: 1876: 1855: 1757:, an 11th-century Islamic scholar, referenced a statement by the 1420: 1400: 1386: 1378: 1366: 1330: 1288: 1034: 927: 840: 593: 429: 372: 8675:

Spirituality and history: Questions of interpretation and method

8341:"Hu Shih: Ch'an (Zen) Buddhism in China. Its History and Method" 6125: 3363: 3142: 3140: 3138: 2558:

and character. Ellison and Fan (2008) assert that spirituality

981: 13443: 13322: 13307: 13126: 13015: 13000: 12958: 12736: 12614: 11888: 11643: 11633: 11245: 11206: 11048: 10656: 10626: 10350: 9792: 9579: 9574: 9569: 9388: 9343: 9318: 9308: 9263: 9253: 9163: 9158: 9123: 9118: 9090: 9035: 8970: 8965: 8860: 8830: 7889:

Six Jewish Spiritual Paths: A Rationalist Looks at Spirituality

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Cobb, Mark R.; Puchalski, Christina M.; Rumbold, Bruce (2012).

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Ewert Cousins, preface to Antoine Faivre and Jacob Needleman,

4334:

Islam and Colonialism. The doctrine of Jihad in Modern History

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4441:

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4416:

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3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3306: 3304: 3302: 2829: 1981:

around 600 BCE. Jainism is considered to be an eternal

1450:. The Musar movement, first founded in the 19th century by 1385:, and other practices. It may involve practices ordained by 13064: 12953: 10864: 9803: 9762: 9747: 9448: 9248: 9238: 9228: 9100: 9050: 8915: 8865: 7860:. Vol. II. Delhi: Centre for Studies in Civilizations. 7314: 6030: 6028: 6026: 4868:(1989). "Spirituality and Nature". In Ewert Cousins (ed.). 4739:

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American Gurus: From Transcendentalism to New Age Religion

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The best known form of Islamic mystic spirituality is the

1260: 12963: 12928: 11603: 10940: 9085: 8910: 8075: 7430: 7276:

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has frequently become used in contexts in which the term

6023: 5870:

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school emphasizes bhakti yoga as spiritual practice. In

1620:

Union with Christ is the purpose of Christian mysticism.

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7317:

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founded in 18th-century Eastern Europe by Rabbi Israel

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5705:

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The new Western spiritual landscape, characterised by

2023:(the development or cultivation of the heart/mind) or 1985:

with the tirthankaras guiding every time cycle of the

1115:

Theosophy, anthroposophy, and the perennial philosophy

885:

The term "spirituality" is derived from Middle French

19:

For the belief in being able to contact the dead, see

8411:

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Margaret A. Burkhardt and Mary Gail Nagai-Jacobson,

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3348: 3080:(The Celestial Song), Chapters 2:56–57, 12, 13:1–28 1217:An important influence on western spirituality was 835:, ghost, courage, vigor, breath) and is related to 7509: 7364:Buddhist Dictionary: Manual of Terms And Doctrines 6929: 5250: 4864: 3792: 3327: 2431:"deepest values and meanings by which people live" 2148:, the way of selfless action. In the 19th century 1141:, which have taken over modern western notions of 8367:"Does hallucinations + happiness = spirituality?" 7160:The deeper dimension of yoga: Theory and practice 6938: 5481:(2nd rev. and enl. ed.). Oxford: Heinemann. 3687: 3412: 2038:developed throughout the ages. Best-known is the 1969:, with the first in the current time cycle being 1692:Christian mysticism refers to the development of 1496:, Jewish prayer, Torah study, ritual, and musar. 1125:A major influence on modern spirituality was the 1075:movement, which was rooted in English and German 14827: 8046: 7303: 6882: 6642: 6553: 5766: 5345:. 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The term was used within 14828: 8289:Under the influence of William James' 8184:"What Are Jewish Spiritual Practices?" 8083:"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 7950:International Journal of Hindu Studies 7855: 7491: 7342: 7294: 7273: 7264: 7104: 6948:British Journal of Clinical Psychology 6851:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.02.016 6606: 6390:Personality and Individual Differences 6166: 6003:Spirituality: living our connectedness 5971: 5959: 5947: 5665: 5584: 5397: 5349: 5285:History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606–708 5242: 5188: 4368: 4302: 4256:"The American Jewish Revival of Musar" 4229: 4169: 4145: 2769: 2714: 2201:has been compared to peak experience. 1024: 13679: 12832: 12382: 9845: 9807: 8741: 8496:The Varieties of Religious Experience 8291:The Varieties of Religious Experience 8104: 7943: 7812: 7760: 7754:Mental Health, Religion & Culture 7482: 7148: 6715:International Journal of Neuroscience 5935: 5476: 5422: 5382: 4675: 4673: 4282: 4280: 4205: 4181: 4157: 4133: 4079: 4077: 3992: 3990: 3942: 3908:Hollywood, Amy (Winter–Spring 2010). 3834: 3700: 3669: 3619:from the original on 20 November 2022 3586: 3421: 3130:McCarroll, O'Connor & Meakes 2005 2626:The Varieties of Religious Experience 2605:The Varieties of Religious Experience 2136:(ways) of spiritual practice, namely 1962:is its most common and basic prayer. 1850:). Sufis believe they are practicing 1454:and developed in the 21st century by 1005:in which one rejects this influence. 8543:"Defining Religion and Spirituality" 8438:Understanding Christian Spirituality 8308:Whose Zen? Zen Nationalism Revisited 7282: 7238:Houtman, Dick; Aupers, Stef (2007). 7203: 7088: 7007: 6233: 5906: 5542:from the original on 12 October 2022 5201:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 530. 4994: 4374:Alan Godlas, University of Georgia, 4053: 3920:(1 and 2). Harvard Divinity School. 3898:. Nova Science Publishers: New York. 3861: 3846: 3798: 1542:adding citations to reliable sources 1513: 905:), which is also derived from Latin 870:(12c.), which is derived from Latin 803:, a quest for an ultimate or sacred 8271: 8228:from the original on 6 October 2018 7500: 5502:Otterloo, Aupers & Houtman 2012 5195:Kaur Singh; Nikky Guninder (2004). 4532: 4517:. Dsal.uchicago.edu. Archived from 4507: 4254:Claussen, Geoffrey (January 2010). 3968: 3786: 3260:Psympathic: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi 2685:(1894–1969) to a western audience. 2429:Modern spirituality centers on the 1905: 1846: 1825: 1338: 1319: 1280:, free expression, and meditation. 1021:, and acquired a negative meaning. 780:to include mental aspects of life. 694:Evolutionary psychology of religion 13: 13649:Religions and spiritual traditions 9848:Religious groups and denominations 9495:Eutheism, dystheism, and maltheism 8409:Carrette, J. R.; King, R. (2011). 8393: 8377:from the original on June 13, 2015 7496:. Cothen: Uitgeverij Juwelenschip. 6005:, Delmar Cengage Learning, p. xiii 5479:African religions & philosophy 4842:10.1111/j.1547-5069.1995.tb00806.x 4670: 4277: 4074: 3987: 3924:from the original on 16 April 2021 3885:. 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Oxford University Press. 7274:Kaplan, Dana Evan (2018). 7265:Kaplan, Dana Evan (2013). 7158:Feuerstein, Georg (2003). 7083: 6273:Schuurmans-Stekhoven 2013a 5769:Social Indicators Research 4943:10.1177/097168581101800104 4488:An English translation of 3732:McDermott, Robert (2007). 2833: 2826:of medical complications. 2778: 2718: 2590: 2355: 2340: 2262: 2258: 2078: 1996: 1910: 1793:tradition (famous through 1782: 1503: 1472:musar (ethical) literature 1324: 1264: 1210: 1169:. More independently, the 1118: 1028: 18: 14795: 14714: 14631: 14503: 14248: 13973: 13690: 13686: 13675: 13584: 13509: 13280: 13188: 13125: 12843: 12839: 12828: 12391: 12378: 12303: 12126: 12108:Transcendental Meditation 12001: 11988: 11953: 11701: 11678: 11667: 11594: 11557: 11259: 11155: 11137: 11081: 11072: 10989: 10917: 10768: 10759: 10717: 10689: 10647: 10580: 10571: 10562: 10528: 10495: 10467: 10458: 10408: 10275: 9962: 9876: 9867: 9858: 9854: 9841: 9698: 9598: 9462: 9109: 8798: 8775: 8365:Tom Rees (June 5, 2013). 8139:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 7962:10.1007/s11407-012-9133-z 7896:Versluis, Arthur (2014). 7813:Sharf, Robert H. (2000). 7761:Sharf, Robert H. (1995). 7729:10.1007/s10943-013-9801-3 7650:10.1007/s11205-011-9920-8 7621:10.1007/s11205-010-9630-7 7149:Dorff, Elliot N. (2018). 6997:Journal of Parapsychology 6895:Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 6727:10.1080/00207450390162155 6622:10.1016/j.ahj.2005.05.028 6578:10.1007/s10865-007-9106-7 6440:Schuurmans-Stekhoven 2017 6333:Schuurmans-Stekhoven 2010 6312:10.1080/17439760801998737 6179:Schuurmans-Stekhoven 2019 6145:10.1176/appi.psy.43.3.213 6096:10.1007/s10902-010-9236-4 5813:Schuurmans-Stekhoven 2013 5781:10.1007/s11205-007-9187-2 5632:The Conquest of Happiness 5614:Schuurmans-Stekhoven 2011 5532:Literature and Aesthetics 4820:10.1108/02683949410070142 3969:Lam, Label (2023-06-16). 3914:Harvard Divinity Bulletin 3605:10.1215/0961754X-2010-009 3392:Houtman & Aupers 2007 3373:Schuurmans-Stekhoven 2014 3311:Gorsuch & Miller 1999 2677:(1934), which introduced 2464:(qualities such as love, 2352:Contemporary spirituality 2229:(literally: four paths). 2182: 2064: 1950:(sexual continence), and 1778: 1720:of Holy Scripture (i.e., 1188:was deeply influenced by 1001:, as opposed to living a 776:and broadened during the 14851:Epistemology of religion 13740:Central African Republic 10727:Vietnamese folk religion 10118:Charismatic Christianity 8467:. New York: Harper One. 8436:Downey, Michael (1997). 8400:Comans, Michael (2000). 7782:10.1163/1568527952598549 7483:Remes, Pauliina (2014). 7392:10.1177/0037768612440965 7188:Spirituality and Society 7111:Philosophy East and West 6670:Sourcebooks, Inc., 2008 6359:10.1177/1088868309352322 6236:Journal of Social Issues 6205:10.1177/0146167204271563 5987:A Search in Secret India 5703:Wilkinson, Tony (2007). 4504:has said this in a talk. 4320:August 18, 2013, at the 2986: 2950:Sacred–profane dichotomy 2675:A Search in Secret India 2636:Friedrich Schleiermacher 2418:Human Potential Movement 2233:Schools and spirituality 1956:Parasparopagraho jīvānām 1736: 1730:Progressive Christianity 1423:, and the figure of the 1315:Traditional spirituality 1085:Friedrich Schleiermacher 1071:, an early 19th-century 756:" as exemplified by the 684:Neuroscience of religion 649:True self and false self 14846:Metaphysics of religion 13634:New religious movements 13267:Theories about religion 13220:Evolutionary psychology 12249:Modern Finnish paganism 10194:Independent Catholicism 8785:Outline of spirituality 8564:Schmidt, L. E. (2012). 8514:Kapuscinski, Afton N.; 7914:Waaijman, Kees (2002). 7905:Waaijman, Kees (2000). 7887:Sonsino, Rifat (2002). 7492:Renard, Philip (2010). 6960:10.1348/014466501163850 6061:10.1111/1467-8721.00106 5477:Mbiti, John S. (1990). 5339:Singh, Nirbhai (1990). 4931:Journal of Human Values 4599:The Essence of Hinduism 4594:, Academic Press, 2008; 4086:"The Practice of Musar" 4030:Hasidism: A New History 3638:Snyder & Lopez 2007 3407:Snyder & Lopez 2007 3273:10.15575/psy.v9i1.15628 2935:Outline of spirituality 2754:, the contemplation of 1714:mystical union with God 1653:The terminology of the 1184:, whose main proponent 1081:Johann Gottfried Herder 888: 866: 821: 14283:Bosnia and Herzegovina 12264:Erzyan native religion 12113:Unitarian Universalism 11492:Native American Church 10238:Oneness Pentecostalism 9629:The Cloud of Unknowing 8715:. Palgrave Macmillan. 8499:. Dover Publications. 8280:(Summer 2011 ed.) 8089:. Plato.stanford.edu. 7708:10.1558/imre.v17i2.211 7519:Journal of Personality 7343:Morgan, Diane (2010). 6610:American Heart Journal 6511:Journal of Personality 5398:Lebron, Robyn (2012). 4735:De Michelis, Elizabeth 3894:Michael Hogan (2010). 3213:Wong & Vinsky 2009 2965:Spiritual intelligence 2806:Intercessionary prayer 2577: 2422: 2388: 2280: 1930:(non-absolutism), and 1900:presence of the Divine 1872: 1776: 1712:visions of the soul's 1621: 1287:and the advent of the 1109:Unitarian Universalism 908: 901: 895: 878: 872: 845: 827: 167:New religious movement 21:Spiritualism (beliefs) 14603:Saint Kitts and Nevis 13900:São Tomé and Príncipe 13760:Republic of the Congo 11961:Aboriginal Australian 10590:Chinese folk religion 9613:Akilattirattu Ammanai 8790:Category:Spirituality 8592:Schneiders, Sandra M. 8413:. London: Routledge. 7918:. Peeters Publishers. 7449:10.1089/jpm.2014.9427 7162:. London: Shambhala. 6796:Biological Psychiatry 6655:Puchalski et al. 2014 4380:University of Georgia 4102:10.1353/coj.2012.0002 3734:The Essential Steiner 3649:Schmidt, Leigh Eric. 2849:Spiritual experiences 2775:Health and well-being 2573: 2406: 2384: 2272: 2225:, where it is called 2042:, but others include 1864: 1767: 1759:companion of Muhammad 1755:Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi 1619: 1506:Catholic spirituality 1494:feminist spirituality 839:(to breathe). In the 624:Humanistic psychology 425:Esoteric Christianity 269:Spiritual development 242:Spiritual development 14225:United Arab Emirates 13011:Religious experience 12385:Historical religions 11345:Four Mothers Society 10747:Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương 10079:Schwenkfelder Church 9607:A Course in Miracles 9071:Spiritual possession 8901:Ethic of reciprocity 8118:Jone Johnson Lewis. 7501:Roy, Sumita (2003). 6416:"independent review" 5383:Hayer, Tara (1988). 4689:Wisdom and Knowledge 4544:4 March 2009 at the 4090:Conservative Judaism 3816:cswr.hds.harvard.edu 2970:Sublime (philosophy) 2615:The Idea of the Holy 2593:Religious experience 2587:Spiritual experience 2569:Alcoholics Anonymous 2454:Secular spirituality 2337:African spirituality 2214:Svetasvataropanishad 2044:the Bodhisattva Path 2040:Noble Eightfold Path 1716:to simple prayerful 1538:improve this article 1482:Conservative Judaism 1389:or other practices. 1182:perennial philosophy 1127:Theosophical Society 971:religious experience 967:meaning, and purpose 809:religious experience 470:Theosophical Society 450:Comparative religion 358:Perennial philosophy 219:Religious experience 197:Spiritual experience 172:Secular spirituality 14618:Trinidad and Tobago 14513:Antigua and Barbuda 13681:Religion by country 12737:Cult of Magna Mater 11217:Philippine Dayawism 10798:Nimbarka Sampradaya 10546:Chinese Manichaeism 10218:Jehovah's Witnesses 10023:Proto-Protestantism 9061:Spiritual evolution 8991:Planes of existence 8769:Modern spirituality 8597:Theological Studies 8541:Oman, Doug (2013). 8463:Eck, D. L. (2009). 7937:10.1093/bjsw/bcn032 7870:Positive Psychology 7035:2015PLoSO..1017701M 6020:, pp. 644–645. 5504:, pp. 239–240. 4376:Sufism's Many Paths 4260:The Hedgehog Review 4244:, pp. 112–129. 4160:, pp. 49, 151. 3999:Jewish Spirituality 3640:, pp. 261–261. 3527:, pp. 360–361. 3497:, pp. 359–360. 3226:"The medieval mind" 2925:Kardecist spiritism 2859:psychoactive agents 2781:Religion and health 2770:Scientific research 2715:Spiritual practices 1763:Jabir ibn Abd-Allah 1671:fides quae creditur 1510:Christian mysticism 1190:Swami Vivekananda's 1143:personal experience 1121:Western esotericism 1065:Ralph Waldo Emerson 1025:Modern spirituality 634:Positive psychology 334:Western esotericism 297:Divine illumination 209:Mystical experience 14553:Dominican Republic 13599:Abrahamic prophets 12688:Proto-Indo-Iranian 11190:Aliran Kepercayaan 10393:Non-denominational 10315:Modernist Salafism 10001:Oriental Orthodoxy 8709:Spretnak, Charlene 8343:. Thezensite.com. 8306:"Robert H. Sharf, 8060:. Etymonline.com. 8031:. Etymonline.com. 8002:. Etymonline.com. 7851:. Wiley-Blackwell. 7679:10.1111/ajpy.12015 7592:10.1002/jclp.20694 6700:2010-12-31 at the 5825:Anonymous (2009). 5707:. Findhorn Press. 5564:Philip Sheldrake, 4870:Hindu Spirituality 4866:Klaus Klostermaier 4630:2016-09-12 at the 4604:2015-07-24 at the 4466:2023-04-24 at the 4437:Hawting, Gerald R. 4423:2008-08-28 at the 4418:Islamicacademy.org 4404:2008-12-31 at the 4385:2011-10-16 at the 3765:2015-09-23 at the 3102:Klaus Klostermaier 2960:Spiritual activism 2955:Self-actualization 2721:Spiritual practice 2567:movements such as 2527:2015-10-13 at the 2437:. It envisions an 2287:The 6th Sikh Guru 2281: 1866:Worship and serve 1663:fides qua creditur 1622: 1227:Hindu Universalism 1139:Buddhist modernism 1135:Theravada Buddhism 1107:ideas, leading to 1073:liberal Protestant 893:, from Late Latin 770:early Christianity 689:Geschwind syndrome 674:Mystical psychosis 368:Emanuel Swedenborg 264:Spiritual activism 259:Self-actualization 229:Spiritual practice 162:Buddhist modernism 14823: 14822: 14791: 14790: 14787: 14786: 13775:Equatorial Guinea 13671: 13670: 13667: 13666: 13205:Cognitive science 12824: 12823: 12757:Mysteries of Isis 12531:Frankish paganism 12374: 12373: 12370: 12369: 12366: 12365: 12118:White Brotherhood 11984: 11983: 11949: 11948: 11350:Keetoowah Society 11251:Sundanese Wiwitan 11068: 11067: 11064: 11063: 10793:Brahma Sampradaya 10755: 10754: 10558: 10557: 10554: 10553: 10536:Assianism/Uatsdin 10454: 10453: 10223:British Israelism 10209:Nontrinitarianism 10172:Plymouth Brethren 10167:Nondenominational 10101:Congregationalism 9989:Eastern Orthodoxy 9937:Reconstructionist 9801: 9800: 9647:Guru Granth Sahib 9585:Transcendentalism 9439:Wearing vestments 9324:Religious ecstasy 9149:Bearing testimony 8722:978-1-137-35003-9 8692:978-1-57075-203-2 8671:Sheldrake, Philip 8575:978-0-520-27367-2 8556:978-1-4625-1006-1 8516:Masters, Kevin S. 8506:978-0-486-82663-9 8474:978-0-06-062159-9 8447:978-0-8091-3680-3 8420:978-0-415-30209-8 8272:Gellman, Jerome. 8085:Transcendentalism 7879:978-0-7619-2633-7 7696:Implicit Religion 7354:978-0-313-36025-1 7335:978-0-19-518327-6 7089:Published sources 6680:978-1-4022-1452-3 5838:978-1-892959-16-4 5739:978-0-316-16725-3 5714:978-1-84409-116-4 5627:Russell, Bertrand 5434:978-0-521-43287-0 5409:978-1-4627-1261-8 5369:978-0-7910-8098-6 5325:978-0-231-14724-8 5295:978-81-269-0857-8 5268:978-0-226-50884-9 5235:978-81-8069-268-0 5208:978-81-208-1937-5 5181:978-0-7914-7950-6 5109:978-0-8135-1114-6 5047:978-0-7914-7081-7 5026:, see Article on 5024:978-90-04-17893-9 5011:, see Article on 5009:978-90-04-17893-9 4898:978-0-911206-23-4 4748:978-0-8264-8772-8 4722:978-1-4419-8109-7 4687:, see Article on 4685:978-90-04-17893-9 4592:978-0-12-369503-1 4581:978-0-415-45677-7 4454:978-0-415-24073-4 4220:, pp. 56–59. 4196:, pp. 72–92. 4067:978-1-108-88297-2 4040:978-0-691-20244-0 4001:. Vol. 1, 2. 3743:978-1-58420-051-2 2920:Interspirituality 2651:Swami Vivekananda 2223:Balinese Hinduism 2206:Chandogyopanishad 1702:mystical theology 1614: 1613: 1606: 1588: 1363:Jewish meditation 1347: 1255:Swami Vivekananda 1171:spiritual science 1153:, whose founder, 1133:, the revival of 1069:Transcendentalism 1050:feminist theology 876:, which comes by 843:, the Latin word 743: 742: 587:Other non-Western 390:Transcendentalism 224:Religious ecstasy 14858: 14813: 14803: 14802: 14681:Papua New Guinea 14656:Marshall Islands 14483:Northern Ireland 13688: 13687: 13677: 13676: 13561:Secular theology 13556:Secular humanism 12841: 12840: 12830: 12829: 12705:Ancestral Pueblo 12380: 12379: 11999: 11998: 11676: 11675: 11079: 11078: 10835:Shaiva Siddhanta 10766: 10765: 10699:Korean shamanism 10578: 10577: 10569: 10568: 10465: 10464: 10378:Mahdawi movement 10248:Swedenborgianism 10228:Christadelphians 9874: 9873: 9865: 9864: 9856: 9855: 9843: 9842: 9828: 9821: 9814: 9805: 9804: 9682:The Urantia Book 9374:Self-realization 9154:Being born again 9134:Ancestor worship 8762: 8755: 8748: 8739: 8738: 8734: 8704: 8666: 8637: 8587: 8560: 8537: 8534:10.1037/a0020498 8510: 8486: 8459: 8432: 8405: 8387: 8386: 8384: 8382: 8362: 8356: 8355: 8353: 8352: 8337: 8331: 8330: 8328: 8327: 8321: 8314: 8302: 8296: 8295: 8286: 8285: 8269: 8263: 8262: 8260: 8259: 8244: 8238: 8237: 8235: 8233: 8214: 8203: 8202: 8200: 8199: 8180: 8174: 8173: 8171: 8170: 8155:"Barry Andrews, 8151: 8145: 8144: 8138: 8130: 8128: 8127: 8115: 8102: 8101: 8099: 8098: 8079: 8073: 8072: 8070: 8069: 8050: 8044: 8043: 8041: 8040: 8021: 8015: 8014: 8012: 8011: 7992: 7973: 7940: 7931:(7): 1343–1359. 7919: 7910: 7901: 7892: 7883: 7861: 7852: 7843: 7841: 7840: 7834: 7819: 7809: 7807: 7806: 7800: 7794:. Archived from 7793: 7767: 7757: 7748: 7723:(4): 1248–1262. 7711: 7690: 7661: 7632: 7603: 7574: 7572: 7571: 7565: 7534: 7516: 7506: 7497: 7488: 7479: 7470: 7460: 7427: 7425: 7424: 7418: 7403: 7377: 7367: 7358: 7339: 7320: 7311: 7300: 7291: 7279: 7270: 7261: 7259: 7234: 7232: 7231: 7225: 7210: 7200: 7191: 7182: 7173: 7154: 7145: 7143: 7142: 7101: 7077: 7073: 7067: 7066: 7056: 7046: 7014: 7005: 7004: 6992: 6986: 6985: 6983: 6982: 6976: 6945: 6936: 6927: 6926: 6889: 6880: 6877: 6871: 6870: 6839:Neuropsychologia 6834: 6828: 6827: 6790: 6784: 6780: 6774: 6771: 6765: 6762: 6756: 6753: 6747: 6746: 6710: 6704: 6688: 6682: 6666:Alper, Matthew, 6664: 6658: 6652: 6646: 6640: 6634: 6633: 6604: 6598: 6597: 6571: 6551: 6545: 6544: 6534: 6517:(5): 1411–1436. 6503:Löckenhoff, C.E. 6499: 6493: 6492: 6490: 6489: 6470:10.1037/a0037683 6449: 6443: 6437: 6431: 6430: 6428: 6427: 6412: 6406: 6405: 6385: 6379: 6378: 6342: 6336: 6330: 6324: 6323: 6295: 6289: 6282: 6276: 6270: 6261: 6258: 6252: 6251: 6231: 6225: 6224: 6188: 6182: 6176: 6170: 6164: 6158: 6157: 6147: 6123: 6117: 6114: 6108: 6107: 6079: 6073: 6072: 6044: 6038: 6032: 6021: 6015: 6006: 5999: 5993: 5992: 5981: 5975: 5969: 5963: 5957: 5951: 5945: 5939: 5933: 5927: 5921: 5910: 5904: 5895: 5894: 5889: 5887: 5856: 5850: 5849: 5847: 5845: 5822: 5816: 5810: 5801: 5800: 5764: 5758: 5757: 5751: 5743: 5725: 5719: 5718: 5700: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5663: 5657: 5656: 5651: 5649: 5623: 5617: 5611: 5600: 5593: 5582: 5575: 5569: 5562: 5556: 5555: 5549: 5547: 5523: 5517: 5511: 5505: 5499: 5493: 5492: 5474: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5464: 5445: 5439: 5438: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5395: 5389: 5388: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5353: 5347: 5346: 5336: 5330: 5329: 5309: 5300: 5299: 5279: 5273: 5272: 5256: 5246: 5240: 5239: 5219: 5213: 5212: 5192: 5186: 5185: 5165: 5159: 5118: 5112: 5101: 5095: 5085: 5079: 5076: 5070: 5056: 5050: 5039: 5033: 4998: 4992: 4989: 4975: 4954: 4923: 4917: 4906: 4900: 4890: 4884: 4883: 4862: 4856: 4853: 4823: 4800: 4794: 4783: 4777: 4771: 4765: 4759: 4753: 4752: 4731: 4725: 4714: 4708: 4698: 4692: 4677: 4668: 4641: 4635: 4617: 4611: 4573:Julius J. Lipner 4567: 4561: 4558:Nyanatiloka 1980 4555: 4549: 4536: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4526: 4511: 4505: 4499: 4493: 4486: 4480: 4477: 4471: 4458: 4433: 4427: 4414: 4408: 4395: 4389: 4372: 4366: 4355: 4349: 4343: 4337: 4332:Rudolph Peters, 4330: 4324: 4312: 4306: 4300: 4291: 4284: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4271: 4251: 4245: 4239: 4233: 4227: 4221: 4215: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4191: 4185: 4184:, p. 69–70. 4179: 4173: 4167: 4161: 4155: 4149: 4143: 4137: 4131: 4125: 4124: 4122: 4121: 4081: 4072: 4071: 4051: 4045: 4044: 4021: 4015: 4009: 4003: 4002: 3994: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3981: 3966: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3956: 3940: 3934: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3905: 3899: 3892: 3886: 3871: 3865: 3859: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3832: 3826: 3825: 3823: 3822: 3808: 3802: 3796: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3775: 3769: 3754: 3748: 3747: 3729: 3723: 3717: 3704: 3698: 3685: 3679: 3673: 3667: 3661: 3647: 3641: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3593:Common Knowledge 3584: 3578: 3577: 3575: 3574: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3528: 3522: 3513: 3507: 3498: 3492: 3486: 3482: 3476: 3475: 3470: 3469: 3446: 3440: 3434: 3425: 3419: 3410: 3404: 3395: 3389: 3376: 3370: 3361: 3355: 3346: 3340: 3331: 3325: 3314: 3308: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3293: 3275: 3251: 3245: 3244: 3242: 3241: 3232:. Archived from 3230:The Psychologist 3222: 3216: 3210: 3197: 3191: 3182: 3176: 3167: 3161: 3150: 3144: 3133: 3127: 3106: 3099: 3093: 3090:Georg Feuerstein 3087: 3081: 3074: 3068: 3064: 3058: 3055: 3049: 3046: 3040: 3037: 3031: 3028: 3022: 3015: 3006: 2999: 2898: 2893: 2892: 2794:, strength, and 2681:(1879–1950) and 2653:(1863–1902) and 2482:Jean-Paul Sartre 2478:Bertrand Russell 2474:human experience 2273:An 18th century 2197:. This state of 2184: 2117: 2105: 2093: 2066: 1946:(not stealing), 1938:(non-violence), 1926:(non-violence), 1906:Indian religions 1849: 1848: 1842: 1827: 1819: 1706:Eastern Orthodox 1679:religious orders 1609: 1602: 1598: 1595: 1589: 1587: 1546: 1522: 1514: 1409:Orthodox Judaism 1352: 1342: 1340: 1329:Spirituality in 1320:Abrahamic faiths 1293:Shirley MacLaine 1041:Western esoteric 911: 904: 898: 891: 881: 875: 869: 848: 830: 824: 789:sacred dimension 778:Late Middle Ages 735: 728: 721: 644:Self-realization 26: 25: 14866: 14865: 14861: 14860: 14859: 14857: 14856: 14855: 14826: 14825: 14824: 14819: 14783: 14710: 14691:Solomon Islands 14627: 14499: 14403:North Macedonia 14244: 13969: 13682: 13663: 13624:Mass gatherings 13592: 13587: 13580: 13519: 13514: 13505: 13439:Religiocentrism 13419:National church 13287: 13284: 13276: 13191: 13184: 13121: 13043:Bodies of water 12835: 12820: 12605:Jamaican Maroon 12387: 12362: 12299: 12129: 12122: 11993: 11991: 11980: 11945: 11919:Trinidad Orisha 11704: 11697: 11670: 11663: 11590: 11553: 11539:Washat Dreamers 11262: 11255: 11151: 11133: 11060: 11034:Srilankan Vedda 10985: 10913: 10788:Sri Vaishnavism 10751: 10713: 10685: 10643: 10550: 10524: 10491: 10450: 10404: 10329:Twelver Shi'ism 10271: 10133:Neo-charismatic 10106:Presbyterianism 9958: 9850: 9837: 9832: 9802: 9797: 9694: 9642:Hindu scripture 9594: 9458: 9329:Religious music 9105: 8951:Meaning of life 8811:Akashic Records 8794: 8771: 8766: 8723: 8707: 8693: 8669: 8640: 8590: 8576: 8563: 8557: 8540: 8513: 8507: 8489: 8475: 8462: 8448: 8435: 8421: 8408: 8399: 8396: 8394:Further reading 8391: 8390: 8380: 8378: 8363: 8359: 8350: 8348: 8339: 8338: 8334: 8325: 8323: 8319: 8312: 8304: 8303: 8299: 8283: 8281: 8270: 8266: 8257: 8255: 8246: 8245: 8241: 8231: 8229: 8216: 8215: 8206: 8197: 8195: 8182: 8181: 8177: 8168: 8166: 8153: 8152: 8148: 8132: 8131: 8125: 8123: 8116: 8105: 8096: 8094: 8081: 8080: 8076: 8067: 8065: 8052: 8051: 8047: 8038: 8036: 8023: 8022: 8018: 8009: 8007: 7994: 7993: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7946:Being Different 7880: 7838: 7836: 7832: 7817: 7804: 7802: 7798: 7765: 7569: 7567: 7563: 7532:10.1.1.548.7658 7514: 7422: 7420: 7416: 7375: 7355: 7336: 7229: 7227: 7223: 7213:Nanzan Bulletin 7208: 7170: 7140: 7138: 7123:10.2307/1399467 7091: 7086: 7081: 7080: 7074: 7070: 7029:(3): e0117701. 7015: 7008: 6993: 6989: 6980: 6978: 6974: 6943: 6937: 6930: 6890: 6883: 6878: 6874: 6835: 6831: 6791: 6787: 6781: 6777: 6772: 6768: 6763: 6759: 6754: 6750: 6711: 6707: 6702:Wayback Machine 6689: 6685: 6665: 6661: 6653: 6649: 6641: 6637: 6605: 6601: 6569:10.1.1.462.3003 6552: 6548: 6500: 6496: 6487: 6485: 6450: 6446: 6438: 6434: 6425: 6423: 6414: 6413: 6409: 6386: 6382: 6343: 6339: 6331: 6327: 6296: 6292: 6286:R.F. Paloutzian 6283: 6279: 6271: 6264: 6259: 6255: 6232: 6228: 6189: 6185: 6177: 6173: 6165: 6161: 6124: 6120: 6115: 6111: 6080: 6076: 6045: 6041: 6033: 6024: 6016: 6009: 6000: 5996: 5983: 5982: 5978: 5970: 5966: 5958: 5954: 5946: 5942: 5934: 5930: 5922: 5913: 5905: 5898: 5885: 5883: 5881: 5867:, eds. (1995). 5857: 5853: 5843: 5841: 5839: 5823: 5819: 5811: 5804: 5765: 5761: 5745: 5744: 5740: 5726: 5722: 5715: 5701: 5697: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5664: 5660: 5647: 5645: 5643: 5624: 5620: 5612: 5603: 5594: 5585: 5576: 5572: 5563: 5559: 5545: 5543: 5524: 5520: 5514:Hanegraaff 1996 5512: 5508: 5500: 5496: 5489: 5475: 5471: 5462: 5460: 5453:Harvard Gazette 5447: 5446: 5442: 5435: 5421: 5417: 5410: 5396: 5392: 5381: 5377: 5370: 5354: 5350: 5337: 5333: 5326: 5310: 5303: 5296: 5280: 5276: 5269: 5247: 5243: 5236: 5220: 5216: 5209: 5193: 5189: 5182: 5166: 5162: 5119: 5115: 5102: 5098: 5086: 5082: 5077: 5073: 5057: 5053: 5040: 5036: 4999: 4995: 4979: 4972:10.1002/aps.240 4957: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4907: 4903: 4891: 4887: 4880: 4863: 4859: 4827: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4784: 4780: 4776:, "Chapter 55". 4774:Feuerstein 2003 4772: 4768: 4762:Feuerstein 2003 4760: 4756: 4749: 4732: 4728: 4715: 4711: 4699: 4695: 4678: 4671: 4642: 4638: 4632:Wayback Machine 4618: 4614: 4606:Wayback Machine 4568: 4564: 4556: 4552: 4546:Wayback Machine 4537: 4533: 4524: 4522: 4513: 4512: 4508: 4502:Matthieu Ricard 4500: 4496: 4490:Ahmad ibn Ajiba 4487: 4483: 4478: 4474: 4468:Wayback Machine 4455: 4434: 4430: 4425:Wayback Machine 4415: 4411: 4406:Wayback Machine 4396: 4392: 4387:Wayback Machine 4373: 4369: 4356: 4352: 4344: 4340: 4331: 4327: 4322:Wayback Machine 4313: 4309: 4301: 4294: 4285: 4278: 4269: 4267: 4252: 4248: 4240: 4236: 4228: 4224: 4216: 4212: 4204: 4200: 4192: 4188: 4180: 4176: 4168: 4164: 4156: 4152: 4144: 4140: 4132: 4128: 4119: 4117: 4082: 4075: 4068: 4052: 4048: 4041: 4022: 4018: 4010: 4006: 3997:Green, Arthur. 3995: 3988: 3979: 3977: 3967: 3963: 3954: 3952: 3941: 3937: 3927: 3925: 3906: 3902: 3893: 3889: 3879:Anthony Giddens 3872: 3868: 3860: 3853: 3845: 3841: 3833: 3829: 3820: 3818: 3810: 3809: 3805: 3797: 3793: 3785: 3781: 3776: 3772: 3767:Wayback Machine 3755: 3751: 3744: 3736:. Lindisfarne. 3730: 3726: 3718: 3707: 3699: 3688: 3680: 3676: 3668: 3664: 3648: 3644: 3636: 3632: 3622: 3620: 3585: 3581: 3572: 3570: 3557: 3556: 3552: 3544: 3531: 3523: 3516: 3508: 3501: 3493: 3489: 3483: 3479: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3447: 3443: 3435: 3428: 3420: 3413: 3405: 3398: 3390: 3379: 3371: 3364: 3356: 3349: 3345:, pp. 1–2. 3341: 3334: 3330:, p. 1259. 3326: 3317: 3309: 3300: 3291: 3289: 3252: 3248: 3239: 3237: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3211: 3200: 3192: 3185: 3177: 3170: 3162: 3153: 3145: 3136: 3128: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3100: 3096: 3088: 3084: 3075: 3071: 3065: 3061: 3056: 3052: 3047: 3043: 3038: 3034: 3029: 3025: 3016: 3009: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2993: 2989: 2984: 2896:Religion portal 2894: 2887: 2884: 2875: 2854:Neuroscientists 2851: 2838: 2832: 2808: 2792:meaning in life 2783: 2777: 2772: 2723: 2717: 2679:Ramana Maharshi 2663:Zen in the west 2632:Wayne Proudfoot 2595: 2589: 2550:. For example, 2529:Wayback Machine 2462:moral character 2427: 2425:Characteristics 2360: 2354: 2345: 2339: 2267: 2261: 2253:Advaita Vedanta 2235: 2130: 2129: 2128: 2127: 2123: 2122: 2121: 2118: 2110: 2109: 2106: 2098: 2097: 2094: 2083: 2077: 2056: 2001: 1995: 1960:Ṇamōkāra mantra 1920:Indian religion 1913: 1908: 1896:Ahmad ibn Ajiba 1881:Salafi movement 1787: 1781: 1739: 1655:Catholic Church 1634:quality of life 1610: 1599: 1593: 1590: 1547: 1545: 1535: 1523: 1512: 1504:Main articles: 1502: 1452:Israel Salanter 1405:Hasidic Judaism 1327: 1322: 1317: 1278:self-disclosure 1269: 1263: 1215: 1209: 1123: 1117: 1062: 1037: 1027: 984: 979: 963:personal growth 919: 896:spiritualitatem 817: 801:personal growth 745:The meaning of 739: 699: 698: 669: 668: 654: 653: 619: 618: 609: 608: 589: 588: 579: 578: 517:Advaita Vedanta 485: 484: 475: 474: 445: 444: 435: 434: 289: 288: 274: 273: 244: 243: 234: 233: 214:Oceanic feeling 199: 198: 189: 188: 157: 156: 147: 146: 145: 86: 85: 76: 75: 74: 59: 58: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 14864: 14854: 14853: 14848: 14843: 14838: 14821: 14820: 14818: 14817: 14807: 14796: 14793: 14792: 14789: 14788: 14785: 14784: 14782: 14781: 14776: 14771: 14766: 14761: 14756: 14751: 14746: 14741: 14736: 14731: 14726: 14720: 14718: 14712: 14711: 14709: 14708: 14703: 14698: 14693: 14688: 14683: 14678: 14673: 14668: 14663: 14658: 14653: 14648: 14643: 14637: 14635: 14629: 14628: 14626: 14625: 14620: 14615: 14610: 14605: 14600: 14595: 14590: 14585: 14580: 14575: 14570: 14565: 14560: 14555: 14550: 14545: 14540: 14535: 14530: 14525: 14520: 14515: 14509: 14507: 14501: 14500: 14498: 14497: 14496: 14495: 14490: 14485: 14480: 14473:United Kingdom 14470: 14465: 14460: 14455: 14450: 14445: 14440: 14435: 14430: 14425: 14420: 14415: 14410: 14405: 14400: 14395: 14390: 14385: 14380: 14375: 14370: 14365: 14360: 14355: 14350: 14345: 14340: 14335: 14330: 14325: 14320: 14315: 14310: 14305: 14300: 14295: 14290: 14285: 14280: 14275: 14270: 14265: 14260: 14254: 14252: 14246: 14245: 14243: 14242: 14237: 14232: 14227: 14222: 14217: 14212: 14207: 14202: 14197: 14192: 14187: 14182: 14177: 14172: 14167: 14162: 14157: 14152: 14147: 14142: 14137: 14132: 14127: 14122: 14117: 14112: 14107: 14102: 14101: 14100: 14095: 14085: 14080: 14075: 14070: 14065: 14060: 14055: 14050: 14045: 14040: 14035: 14030: 14025: 14020: 14015: 14010: 14005: 14000: 13995: 13990: 13985: 13979: 13977: 13971: 13970: 13968: 13967: 13962: 13957: 13952: 13947: 13942: 13937: 13932: 13927: 13922: 13917: 13912: 13907: 13902: 13897: 13892: 13887: 13882: 13877: 13872: 13867: 13862: 13857: 13852: 13847: 13842: 13837: 13832: 13827: 13822: 13817: 13812: 13807: 13802: 13797: 13792: 13787: 13782: 13777: 13772: 13767: 13762: 13757: 13752: 13747: 13742: 13737: 13732: 13727: 13722: 13717: 13712: 13707: 13702: 13696: 13694: 13684: 13683: 13673: 13672: 13669: 13668: 13665: 13664: 13662: 13661: 13656: 13651: 13646: 13641: 13636: 13631: 13626: 13621: 13616: 13611: 13606: 13601: 13595: 13593: 13585: 13582: 13581: 13579: 13578: 13573: 13568: 13566:Secularization 13563: 13558: 13553: 13548: 13546:Deconstruction 13543: 13538: 13533: 13528: 13522: 13520: 13510: 13507: 13506: 13504: 13503: 13498: 13497: 13496: 13491: 13486: 13481: 13471: 13466: 13461: 13456: 13451: 13446: 13441: 13436: 13431: 13426: 13421: 13416: 13411: 13406: 13401: 13396: 13394:Fundamentalism 13391: 13390: 13389: 13384: 13379: 13374: 13364: 13359: 13354: 13349: 13348: 13347: 13342: 13337: 13327: 13326: 13325: 13320: 13315: 13301: 13296: 13290: 13288: 13281: 13278: 13277: 13275: 13274: 13269: 13264: 13259: 13258: 13257: 13247: 13242: 13237: 13232: 13227: 13222: 13217: 13212: 13207: 13202: 13196: 13194: 13186: 13185: 13183: 13182: 13177: 13172: 13167: 13162: 13157: 13152: 13147: 13142: 13137: 13131: 13129: 13123: 13122: 13120: 13119: 13118: 13117: 13112: 13107: 13097: 13092: 13087: 13082: 13077: 13072: 13067: 13062: 13061: 13060: 13055: 13050: 13045: 13035: 13034: 13033: 13028: 13023: 13013: 13008: 13003: 12998: 12993: 12988: 12983: 12978: 12973: 12968: 12967: 12966: 12961: 12956: 12946: 12941: 12936: 12931: 12926: 12921: 12916: 12911: 12906: 12901: 12896: 12891: 12886: 12881: 12872: 12870:Call to prayer 12867: 12862: 12857: 12855:Disaffiliation 12847: 12845: 12837: 12836: 12826: 12825: 12822: 12821: 12819: 12818: 12813: 12808: 12803: 12798: 12793: 12788: 12783: 12782: 12781: 12776: 12771: 12761: 12760: 12759: 12754: 12749: 12744: 12739: 12729: 12724: 12723: 12722: 12717: 12712: 12702: 12701: 12700: 12695: 12685: 12684: 12683: 12678: 12673: 12668: 12658: 12653: 12652: 12651: 12641: 12640: 12639: 12634: 12624: 12619: 12618: 12617: 12607: 12602: 12597: 12592: 12587: 12582: 12577: 12572: 12571: 12570: 12565: 12560: 12555: 12553:Greco-Buddhism 12550: 12540: 12539: 12538: 12533: 12528: 12523: 12513: 12508: 12507: 12506: 12496: 12491: 12486: 12485: 12484: 12474: 12469: 12464: 12463: 12462: 12457: 12447: 12442: 12441: 12440: 12435: 12430: 12420: 12415: 12410: 12405: 12404: 12403: 12392: 12389: 12388: 12376: 12375: 12372: 12371: 12368: 12367: 12364: 12363: 12361: 12360: 12359: 12358: 12348: 12343: 12338: 12333: 12328: 12323: 12318: 12313: 12307: 12305: 12301: 12300: 12298: 12297: 12296: 12295: 12283: 12278: 12277: 12276: 12271: 12266: 12261: 12256: 12251: 12246: 12236: 12231: 12226: 12221: 12216: 12211: 12206: 12201: 12196: 12195: 12194: 12184: 12183: 12182: 12177: 12167: 12166: 12165: 12160: 12150: 12145: 12144: 12143: 12134: 12132: 12124: 12123: 12121: 12120: 12115: 12110: 12105: 12104: 12103: 12098: 12088: 12083: 12078: 12073: 12068: 12067: 12066: 12056: 12051: 12046: 12041: 12036: 12031: 12026: 12021: 12016: 12011: 12005: 12003: 11996: 11986: 11985: 11982: 11981: 11979: 11978: 11973: 11968: 11963: 11957: 11955: 11951: 11950: 11947: 11946: 11944: 11943: 11942: 11941: 11936: 11931: 11926: 11921: 11916: 11914:Tambor de Mina 11911: 11906: 11901: 11896: 11891: 11886: 11881: 11876: 11871: 11870: 11869: 11864: 11859: 11840: 11839: 11838: 11837: 11827: 11822: 11817: 11812: 11807: 11802: 11797: 11792: 11787: 11782: 11777: 11772: 11767: 11762: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11742: 11741: 11740: 11735: 11725: 11720: 11715: 11709: 11707: 11699: 11698: 11696: 11695: 11694: 11693: 11691:Guanche church 11682: 11680: 11673: 11665: 11664: 11662: 11661: 11656: 11651: 11646: 11641: 11636: 11631: 11626: 11621: 11616: 11611: 11606: 11600: 11598: 11596:Tibeto-Burmese 11592: 11591: 11589: 11588: 11583: 11578: 11573: 11567: 11565: 11555: 11554: 11552: 11551: 11546: 11541: 11536: 11531: 11526: 11525: 11524: 11519: 11509: 11504: 11502:Nuu-chah-nulth 11499: 11494: 11489: 11484: 11483: 11482: 11477: 11472: 11467: 11457: 11452: 11447: 11446: 11445: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11424: 11423: 11418: 11413: 11411:Muscogee Creek 11408: 11403: 11393: 11388: 11383: 11378: 11369: 11364: 11359: 11354: 11353: 11352: 11347: 11337: 11336: 11335: 11330: 11325: 11320: 11310: 11305: 11300: 11299: 11298: 11293: 11288: 11278: 11273: 11267: 11265: 11257: 11256: 11254: 11253: 11248: 11246:Sumbese Marapu 11243: 11242: 11241: 11236: 11226: 11225: 11224: 11214: 11209: 11204: 11199: 11198: 11197: 11192: 11184: 11183: 11182: 11177: 11167: 11165:Batak Parmalim 11161: 11159: 11153: 11152: 11150: 11149: 11143: 11141: 11135: 11134: 11132: 11131: 11130: 11129: 11124: 11114: 11113: 11112: 11107: 11102: 11087: 11085: 11076: 11070: 11069: 11066: 11065: 11062: 11061: 11059: 11058: 11057: 11056: 11051: 11041: 11036: 11031: 11026: 11021: 11020: 11019: 11014: 11004: 10999: 10993: 10991: 10987: 10986: 10984: 10983: 10976: 10971: 10970: 10969: 10959: 10958: 10957: 10952: 10947: 10929: 10923: 10921: 10915: 10914: 10912: 10911: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10879: 10874: 10873: 10872: 10867: 10862: 10857: 10852: 10847: 10842: 10837: 10827: 10826: 10825: 10820: 10815: 10810: 10805: 10800: 10795: 10790: 10785: 10774: 10772: 10763: 10757: 10756: 10753: 10752: 10750: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10723: 10721: 10715: 10714: 10712: 10711: 10706: 10701: 10695: 10693: 10687: 10686: 10684: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10667: 10666: 10653: 10651: 10645: 10644: 10642: 10641: 10640: 10639: 10634: 10624: 10623: 10622: 10617: 10607: 10602: 10597: 10592: 10586: 10584: 10575: 10566: 10560: 10559: 10556: 10555: 10552: 10551: 10549: 10548: 10543: 10538: 10532: 10530: 10526: 10525: 10523: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10501: 10499: 10493: 10492: 10490: 10489: 10484: 10479: 10477:Ilm-e-Khshnoom 10473: 10471: 10462: 10456: 10455: 10452: 10451: 10449: 10448: 10443: 10438: 10433: 10428: 10423: 10418: 10412: 10410: 10406: 10405: 10403: 10402: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10365: 10364: 10363: 10353: 10348: 10347: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10321: 10320: 10319: 10318: 10317: 10312: 10302: 10297: 10292: 10281: 10279: 10273: 10272: 10270: 10269: 10262: 10261: 10260: 10255: 10250: 10245: 10240: 10235: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10214:Bible Students 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10184:Restorationism 10181: 10180: 10179: 10174: 10169: 10164: 10163: 10162: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10140:Evangelicalism 10137: 10136: 10135: 10130: 10125: 10115: 10114: 10113: 10108: 10103: 10093: 10088: 10083: 10082: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10066: 10061: 10051: 10041: 10040: 10039: 10034: 10020: 10019: 10018: 10013: 10003: 9998: 9997: 9996: 9986: 9985: 9984: 9979: 9968: 9966: 9960: 9959: 9957: 9956: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9913: 9912: 9911: 9910: 9900: 9899: 9898: 9882: 9880: 9871: 9862: 9852: 9851: 9839: 9838: 9831: 9830: 9823: 9816: 9808: 9799: 9798: 9796: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9730: 9725: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9704: 9702: 9696: 9695: 9693: 9692: 9685: 9678: 9673: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9632: 9625: 9623:Book of Mormon 9620: 9615: 9610: 9602: 9600: 9596: 9595: 9593: 9592: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9572: 9567: 9562: 9557: 9552: 9547: 9542: 9537: 9532: 9527: 9522: 9517: 9512: 9507: 9502: 9497: 9492: 9487: 9482: 9477: 9472: 9466: 9464: 9463:Belief systems 9460: 9459: 9457: 9456: 9451: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9421: 9416: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9391: 9386: 9381: 9376: 9371: 9366: 9361: 9356: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9306: 9301: 9296: 9291: 9286: 9281: 9276: 9271: 9266: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9246: 9241: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9211: 9206: 9201: 9196: 9191: 9186: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9161: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9115: 9113: 9107: 9106: 9104: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9013: 9008: 9003: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8986:Parapsychology 8983: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8963: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8946:Lataif-e-sitta 8943: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8891:Eternal return 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8851:Creation myths 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8802: 8800: 8796: 8795: 8793: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8776: 8773: 8772: 8765: 8764: 8757: 8750: 8742: 8736: 8735: 8721: 8705: 8691: 8667: 8638: 8588: 8574: 8561: 8555: 8538: 8528:(4): 191–205. 8511: 8505: 8491:James, William 8487: 8473: 8460: 8446: 8433: 8419: 8406: 8395: 8392: 8389: 8388: 8357: 8332: 8297: 8264: 8239: 8204: 8175: 8146: 8103: 8074: 8045: 8016: 7983: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7974: 7956:(3): 335–348. 7941: 7920: 7911: 7902: 7893: 7884: 7878: 7862: 7853: 7844: 7810: 7776:(3): 228–283. 7758: 7749: 7712: 7702:(2): 211–222. 7691: 7673:(3): 146–155. 7662: 7644:(1): 131–146. 7633: 7615:(2): 313–330. 7604: 7586:(7): 709–725. 7575: 7525:(5): 1257–92. 7507: 7498: 7489: 7480: 7471: 7443:(6): 642–656. 7428: 7380:Social Compass 7368: 7359: 7353: 7340: 7334: 7321: 7312: 7301: 7292: 7280: 7271: 7262: 7250:(3): 305–320. 7235: 7201: 7192: 7183: 7174: 7168: 7155: 7146: 7102: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7079: 7078: 7068: 7006: 6987: 6928: 6901:(5): 403–421. 6881: 6872: 6829: 6785: 6775: 6766: 6757: 6748: 6705: 6683: 6659: 6647: 6635: 6599: 6546: 6494: 6464:(6): 1064–91. 6444: 6432: 6407: 6380: 6337: 6325: 6290: 6277: 6262: 6253: 6226: 6183: 6171: 6159: 6132:Psychosomatics 6118: 6109: 6074: 6039: 6037:, p. 645. 6022: 6007: 5994: 5976: 5964: 5952: 5950:, p. 191. 5940: 5938:, p. 271. 5928: 5924:Rambachan 1994 5911: 5896: 5879: 5861:Ross, Colin A. 5851: 5837: 5817: 5802: 5759: 5738: 5720: 5713: 5695: 5681: 5658: 5641: 5618: 5601: 5583: 5570: 5557: 5518: 5506: 5494: 5487: 5469: 5455:. 2015-10-06. 5440: 5433: 5415: 5408: 5390: 5375: 5368: 5348: 5331: 5324: 5301: 5294: 5274: 5267: 5241: 5234: 5214: 5207: 5187: 5180: 5160: 5158: 5157: 5154: 5143: 5132: 5113: 5096: 5080: 5071: 5051: 5034: 5032: 5031: 5016: 4993: 4991: 4990: 4977: 4955: 4918: 4901: 4885: 4878: 4857: 4855: 4854: 4825: 4795: 4778: 4766: 4754: 4747: 4726: 4709: 4693: 4669: 4667: 4666: 4655: 4636: 4612: 4610: 4609: 4595: 4584: 4562: 4550: 4531: 4506: 4494: 4481: 4472: 4453: 4428: 4409: 4390: 4367: 4350: 4348:vol. 4, p. 511 4338: 4325: 4307: 4292: 4286:Pope Francis, 4276: 4246: 4234: 4222: 4210: 4198: 4186: 4174: 4162: 4150: 4138: 4126: 4073: 4066: 4046: 4039: 4016: 4004: 3986: 3961: 3947:. TIME Ideas. 3935: 3900: 3887: 3866: 3851: 3849:, p. 135. 3839: 3837:, p. 338. 3827: 3803: 3791: 3779: 3770: 3749: 3742: 3724: 3705: 3686: 3674: 3672:, p. 202. 3662: 3642: 3630: 3599:(3): 518–531. 3579: 3550: 3548:, p. 361. 3529: 3514: 3512:, p. 360. 3499: 3487: 3477: 3461: 3441: 3439:, p. 315. 3426: 3411: 3409:, p. 261. 3396: 3377: 3362: 3347: 3343:Sheldrake 2007 3332: 3315: 3298: 3246: 3217: 3198: 3183: 3181:, p. 460. 3168: 3166:, p. 213. 3151: 3134: 3116: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3107: 3094: 3082: 3069: 3059: 3050: 3041: 3032: 3023: 3019:trans-mutation 3007: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2901: 2900: 2899: 2883: 2880: 2874: 2871: 2850: 2847: 2834:Main article: 2831: 2828: 2824:increased risk 2820:Herbert Benson 2807: 2804: 2779:Main article: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2740: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2719:Main article: 2716: 2713: 2707:; or with the 2591:Main article: 2588: 2585: 2510: 2509: 2498: 2445:of his or her 2426: 2423: 2353: 2350: 2341:Main article: 2338: 2335: 2289:Guru Hargobind 2263:Main article: 2260: 2257: 2234: 2231: 2212:will succeed; 2125: 2124: 2119: 2112: 2111: 2107: 2100: 2099: 2095: 2088: 2087: 2086: 2085: 2084: 2079:Main article: 2076: 2073: 2055: 2052: 1997:Main article: 1994: 1991: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1883:. In 1843 the 1783:Main article: 1780: 1777: 1738: 1735: 1651: 1650: 1644: 1637: 1612: 1611: 1553:"Spirituality" 1526: 1524: 1517: 1501: 1498: 1478:Reform Judaism 1436:Musar movement 1407:, a branch of 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1265:Main article: 1262: 1259: 1221:, also called 1211:Main article: 1208: 1205: 1155:Rudolf Steiner 1116: 1113: 1061: 1058: 1054:green politics 1026: 1023: 988:late antiquity 983: 980: 978: 975: 918: 915: 816: 813: 741: 740: 738: 737: 730: 723: 715: 712: 711: 710: 709: 701: 700: 697: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 670: 666: 665: 664: 661: 660: 656: 655: 652: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 620: 616: 615: 614: 611: 610: 607: 606: 601: 596: 590: 586: 585: 584: 581: 580: 577: 576: 565: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 539: 534: 529: 524: 519: 508: 507: 505:Zoroastrianism 496: 495: 486: 482: 481: 480: 477: 476: 473: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 446: 442: 441: 440: 437: 436: 433: 432: 427: 422: 417: 412: 407: 402: 397: 392: 387: 376: 375: 370: 365: 360: 349: 348: 337: 336: 331: 326: 321: 310: 309: 304: 299: 290: 286: 285: 284: 281: 280: 276: 275: 272: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 245: 241: 240: 239: 236: 235: 232: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 206: 204:Lived religion 200: 196: 195: 194: 191: 190: 187: 186: 181: 174: 169: 164: 158: 154: 153: 152: 149: 148: 144: 143: 138: 133: 128: 127: 126: 116: 115: 114: 109: 104: 94: 92:Elite religion 88: 87: 83: 82: 81: 78: 77: 73: 72: 67: 61: 60: 54: 53: 52: 49: 48: 42: 41: 35: 34: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14863: 14852: 14849: 14847: 14844: 14842: 14839: 14837: 14834: 14833: 14831: 14816: 14812: 14808: 14806: 14798: 14797: 14794: 14780: 14777: 14775: 14772: 14770: 14767: 14765: 14762: 14760: 14757: 14755: 14752: 14750: 14747: 14745: 14742: 14740: 14737: 14735: 14732: 14730: 14727: 14725: 14722: 14721: 14719: 14717: 14716:South America 14713: 14707: 14704: 14702: 14699: 14697: 14694: 14692: 14689: 14687: 14684: 14682: 14679: 14677: 14674: 14672: 14669: 14667: 14664: 14662: 14659: 14657: 14654: 14652: 14649: 14647: 14644: 14642: 14639: 14638: 14636: 14634: 14630: 14624: 14623:United States 14621: 14619: 14616: 14614: 14611: 14609: 14606: 14604: 14601: 14599: 14596: 14594: 14591: 14589: 14586: 14584: 14581: 14579: 14576: 14574: 14571: 14569: 14566: 14564: 14561: 14559: 14556: 14554: 14551: 14549: 14546: 14544: 14541: 14539: 14536: 14534: 14531: 14529: 14526: 14524: 14521: 14519: 14516: 14514: 14511: 14510: 14508: 14506: 14505:North America 14502: 14494: 14491: 14489: 14486: 14484: 14481: 14479: 14476: 14475: 14474: 14471: 14469: 14466: 14464: 14461: 14459: 14456: 14454: 14451: 14449: 14446: 14444: 14441: 14439: 14436: 14434: 14431: 14429: 14426: 14424: 14421: 14419: 14416: 14414: 14411: 14409: 14406: 14404: 14401: 14399: 14396: 14394: 14391: 14389: 14386: 14384: 14381: 14379: 14376: 14374: 14371: 14369: 14366: 14364: 14363:Liechtenstein 14361: 14359: 14356: 14354: 14351: 14349: 14346: 14344: 14341: 14339: 14336: 14334: 14331: 14329: 14326: 14324: 14321: 14319: 14316: 14314: 14311: 14309: 14306: 14304: 14301: 14299: 14296: 14294: 14291: 14289: 14286: 14284: 14281: 14279: 14276: 14274: 14271: 14269: 14266: 14264: 14261: 14259: 14256: 14255: 14253: 14251: 14247: 14241: 14238: 14236: 14233: 14231: 14228: 14226: 14223: 14221: 14218: 14216: 14213: 14211: 14208: 14206: 14203: 14201: 14198: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14186: 14183: 14181: 14178: 14176: 14173: 14171: 14168: 14166: 14163: 14161: 14158: 14156: 14153: 14151: 14148: 14146: 14143: 14141: 14138: 14136: 14133: 14131: 14128: 14126: 14123: 14121: 14118: 14116: 14113: 14111: 14108: 14106: 14103: 14099: 14096: 14094: 14091: 14090: 14089: 14086: 14084: 14081: 14079: 14076: 14074: 14071: 14069: 14066: 14064: 14061: 14059: 14056: 14054: 14051: 14049: 14046: 14044: 14041: 14039: 14036: 14034: 14031: 14029: 14026: 14024: 14021: 14019: 14016: 14014: 14011: 14009: 14006: 14004: 14001: 13999: 13996: 13994: 13991: 13989: 13986: 13984: 13981: 13980: 13978: 13976: 13972: 13966: 13963: 13961: 13958: 13956: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13941: 13938: 13936: 13933: 13931: 13928: 13926: 13923: 13921: 13918: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13903: 13901: 13898: 13896: 13893: 13891: 13888: 13886: 13883: 13881: 13878: 13876: 13873: 13871: 13868: 13866: 13863: 13861: 13858: 13856: 13853: 13851: 13848: 13846: 13843: 13841: 13838: 13836: 13833: 13831: 13828: 13826: 13823: 13821: 13818: 13816: 13815:Guinea-Bissau 13813: 13811: 13808: 13806: 13803: 13801: 13798: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13788: 13786: 13783: 13781: 13778: 13776: 13773: 13771: 13768: 13766: 13763: 13761: 13758: 13756: 13753: 13751: 13748: 13746: 13743: 13741: 13738: 13736: 13733: 13731: 13728: 13726: 13723: 13721: 13718: 13716: 13713: 13711: 13708: 13706: 13703: 13701: 13698: 13697: 13695: 13693: 13689: 13685: 13678: 13674: 13660: 13657: 13655: 13652: 13650: 13647: 13645: 13642: 13640: 13639:Organizations 13637: 13635: 13632: 13630: 13627: 13625: 13622: 13620: 13617: 13615: 13612: 13610: 13607: 13605: 13602: 13600: 13597: 13596: 13594: 13591: 13583: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13559: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13549: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13534: 13532: 13529: 13527: 13524: 13523: 13521: 13518: 13513: 13508: 13502: 13499: 13495: 13492: 13490: 13487: 13485: 13482: 13480: 13477: 13476: 13475: 13472: 13470: 13467: 13465: 13464:Vegetarianism 13462: 13460: 13457: 13455: 13452: 13450: 13447: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13437: 13435: 13432: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13417: 13415: 13412: 13410: 13409:Homosexuality 13407: 13405: 13402: 13400: 13397: 13395: 13392: 13388: 13385: 13383: 13380: 13378: 13375: 13373: 13370: 13369: 13368: 13365: 13363: 13360: 13358: 13355: 13353: 13350: 13346: 13343: 13341: 13338: 13336: 13333: 13332: 13331: 13328: 13324: 13321: 13319: 13316: 13314: 13311: 13310: 13309: 13305: 13302: 13300: 13297: 13295: 13292: 13291: 13289: 13286: 13279: 13273: 13270: 13268: 13265: 13263: 13260: 13256: 13253: 13252: 13251: 13248: 13246: 13243: 13241: 13238: 13236: 13233: 13231: 13230:Neurotheology 13228: 13226: 13223: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13211: 13208: 13206: 13203: 13201: 13198: 13197: 13195: 13193: 13187: 13181: 13178: 13176: 13173: 13171: 13168: 13166: 13163: 13161: 13158: 13156: 13153: 13151: 13148: 13146: 13143: 13141: 13138: 13136: 13133: 13132: 13130: 13128: 13124: 13116: 13113: 13111: 13108: 13106: 13103: 13102: 13101: 13098: 13096: 13093: 13091: 13088: 13086: 13083: 13081: 13078: 13076: 13073: 13071: 13068: 13066: 13063: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13051: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13041: 13040: 13039: 13036: 13032: 13029: 13027: 13024: 13022: 13019: 13018: 13017: 13014: 13012: 13009: 13007: 13004: 13002: 12999: 12997: 12994: 12992: 12989: 12987: 12984: 12982: 12979: 12977: 12974: 12972: 12969: 12965: 12962: 12960: 12957: 12955: 12952: 12951: 12950: 12947: 12945: 12942: 12940: 12937: 12935: 12932: 12930: 12927: 12925: 12924:Folk religion 12922: 12920: 12917: 12915: 12912: 12910: 12907: 12905: 12902: 12900: 12897: 12895: 12892: 12890: 12887: 12885: 12882: 12880: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12852: 12849: 12848: 12846: 12842: 12838: 12831: 12827: 12817: 12814: 12812: 12809: 12807: 12804: 12802: 12799: 12797: 12794: 12792: 12789: 12787: 12784: 12780: 12777: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12767: 12766: 12765: 12762: 12758: 12755: 12753: 12750: 12748: 12747:Imperial cult 12745: 12743: 12740: 12738: 12735: 12734: 12733: 12730: 12728: 12725: 12721: 12718: 12716: 12713: 12711: 12708: 12707: 12706: 12703: 12699: 12696: 12694: 12691: 12690: 12689: 12686: 12682: 12679: 12677: 12674: 12672: 12669: 12667: 12664: 12663: 12662: 12659: 12657: 12654: 12650: 12647: 12646: 12645: 12642: 12638: 12635: 12633: 12630: 12629: 12628: 12625: 12623: 12620: 12616: 12613: 12612: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12569: 12566: 12564: 12561: 12559: 12556: 12554: 12551: 12549: 12546: 12545: 12544: 12541: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12529: 12527: 12524: 12522: 12519: 12518: 12517: 12514: 12512: 12509: 12505: 12502: 12501: 12500: 12497: 12495: 12492: 12490: 12487: 12483: 12480: 12479: 12478: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12461: 12458: 12456: 12453: 12452: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12443: 12439: 12436: 12434: 12431: 12429: 12426: 12425: 12424: 12421: 12419: 12416: 12414: 12411: 12409: 12406: 12402: 12399: 12398: 12397: 12394: 12393: 12390: 12386: 12381: 12377: 12357: 12354: 12353: 12352: 12349: 12347: 12344: 12342: 12339: 12337: 12334: 12332: 12329: 12327: 12324: 12322: 12319: 12317: 12316:Discordianism 12314: 12312: 12311:Anthroposophy 12309: 12308: 12306: 12302: 12294: 12293: 12289: 12288: 12287: 12284: 12282: 12279: 12275: 12272: 12270: 12267: 12265: 12262: 12260: 12259:Mari religion 12257: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12241: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12230: 12227: 12225: 12222: 12220: 12217: 12215: 12212: 12210: 12207: 12205: 12202: 12200: 12197: 12193: 12190: 12189: 12188: 12185: 12181: 12178: 12176: 12173: 12172: 12171: 12168: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12156: 12155: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12146: 12142: 12139: 12138: 12136: 12135: 12133: 12131: 12125: 12119: 12116: 12114: 12111: 12109: 12106: 12102: 12099: 12097: 12096:Neo-Theosophy 12094: 12093: 12092: 12089: 12087: 12084: 12082: 12079: 12077: 12074: 12072: 12069: 12065: 12062: 12061: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12052: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12042: 12040: 12037: 12035: 12034:New Acropolis 12032: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12022: 12020: 12017: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12006: 12004: 12000: 11997: 11995: 11987: 11977: 11974: 11972: 11969: 11967: 11964: 11962: 11959: 11958: 11956: 11952: 11940: 11937: 11935: 11932: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11920: 11917: 11915: 11912: 11910: 11907: 11905: 11902: 11900: 11897: 11895: 11892: 11890: 11887: 11885: 11882: 11880: 11877: 11875: 11872: 11868: 11865: 11863: 11860: 11858: 11855: 11854: 11853: 11850: 11849: 11848: 11846: 11842: 11841: 11836: 11833: 11832: 11831: 11828: 11826: 11823: 11821: 11818: 11816: 11813: 11811: 11808: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11771: 11768: 11766: 11763: 11761: 11758: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11739: 11736: 11734: 11731: 11730: 11729: 11726: 11724: 11721: 11719: 11716: 11714: 11711: 11710: 11708: 11706: 11700: 11692: 11689: 11688: 11687: 11684: 11683: 11681: 11679:North African 11677: 11674: 11672: 11666: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11622: 11620: 11617: 11615: 11612: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11602: 11601: 11599: 11597: 11593: 11587: 11584: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11568: 11566: 11564: 11560: 11556: 11550: 11547: 11545: 11542: 11540: 11537: 11535: 11532: 11530: 11527: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11515: 11514: 11513: 11510: 11508: 11505: 11503: 11500: 11498: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11481: 11478: 11476: 11473: 11471: 11468: 11466: 11463: 11462: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11444: 11441: 11440: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11433:Kwakwakaʼwakw 11431: 11429: 11426: 11422: 11419: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11409: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11398: 11397: 11394: 11392: 11389: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11373: 11370: 11368: 11365: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11342: 11341: 11338: 11334: 11331: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11315: 11314: 11311: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11301: 11297: 11294: 11292: 11289: 11287: 11284: 11283: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11268: 11266: 11264: 11258: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11240: 11237: 11235: 11232: 11231: 11230: 11227: 11223: 11220: 11219: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11196: 11193: 11191: 11188: 11187: 11185: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11172: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11162: 11160: 11158: 11154: 11148: 11145: 11144: 11142: 11140: 11139:Austroasiatic 11136: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11119: 11118: 11115: 11111: 11110:Vattisen Yaly 11108: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11097: 11096: 11092: 11089: 11088: 11086: 11084: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11071: 11055: 11052: 11050: 11047: 11046: 11045: 11042: 11040: 11037: 11035: 11032: 11030: 11029:Kirat Mundhum 11027: 11025: 11022: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11009: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10994: 10992: 10988: 10982: 10981: 10977: 10975: 10972: 10968: 10965: 10964: 10963: 10960: 10956: 10953: 10951: 10948: 10946: 10942: 10938: 10935: 10934: 10933: 10930: 10928: 10925: 10924: 10922: 10920: 10916: 10910: 10909: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10871: 10868: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10856: 10853: 10851: 10848: 10846: 10843: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10832: 10831: 10828: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10786: 10784: 10781: 10780: 10779: 10776: 10775: 10773: 10771: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10758: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10724: 10722: 10720: 10716: 10710: 10707: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10696: 10694: 10692: 10688: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10665: 10664: 10660: 10659: 10658: 10655: 10654: 10652: 10650: 10646: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10629: 10628: 10625: 10621: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10612: 10611: 10608: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10587: 10585: 10583: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10561: 10547: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10534: 10533: 10531: 10527: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10503: 10502: 10500: 10498: 10494: 10488: 10485: 10483: 10480: 10478: 10475: 10474: 10472: 10470: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10457: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10424: 10422: 10419: 10417: 10414: 10413: 10411: 10407: 10401: 10400: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10388:Milah Abraham 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10362: 10359: 10358: 10357: 10354: 10352: 10349: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10326: 10325: 10322: 10316: 10313: 10311: 10308: 10307: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10287: 10286: 10283: 10282: 10280: 10278: 10274: 10268: 10267: 10263: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10249: 10246: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10219: 10215: 10212: 10211: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10170: 10168: 10165: 10161: 10158: 10157: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10120: 10119: 10116: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10102: 10099: 10098: 10097: 10094: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10084: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10060: 10057: 10056: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10046: 10045: 10044:Protestantism 10042: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10029: 10026: 10025: 10024: 10021: 10017: 10014: 10012: 10009: 10008: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9999: 9995: 9992: 9991: 9990: 9987: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9974: 9973: 9970: 9969: 9967: 9965: 9961: 9955: 9954: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9909: 9906: 9905: 9904: 9901: 9897: 9894: 9893: 9892: 9889: 9888: 9887: 9884: 9883: 9881: 9879: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9857: 9853: 9849: 9844: 9840: 9836: 9829: 9824: 9822: 9817: 9815: 9810: 9809: 9806: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9788:Seven virtues 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9778:Moral courage 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9705: 9703: 9701: 9697: 9691: 9690: 9686: 9684: 9683: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9671: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9654: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9637: 9633: 9631: 9630: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9608: 9604: 9603: 9601: 9597: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9526: 9523: 9521: 9518: 9516: 9513: 9511: 9510:Kathenotheism 9508: 9506: 9503: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9488: 9486: 9483: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9475:Anthroposophy 9473: 9471: 9468: 9467: 9465: 9461: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9419:Vegetarianism 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9399:Sufi whirling 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9384:Simple living 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9289:Nonresistance 9287: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9249:Koan practice 9247: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9214:Faith healing 9212: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9189:Contemplation 9187: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9116: 9114: 9112: 9108: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9081:Synchronicity 9079: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9011:Reincarnation 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8876:Enlightenment 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8836:Consciousness 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8803: 8801: 8797: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8777: 8774: 8770: 8763: 8758: 8756: 8751: 8749: 8744: 8743: 8740: 8732: 8728: 8724: 8718: 8714: 8710: 8706: 8702: 8698: 8694: 8688: 8684: 8680: 8676: 8672: 8668: 8664: 8660: 8656: 8652: 8648: 8644: 8639: 8635: 8631: 8627: 8623: 8619: 8615: 8611: 8607: 8604:(4): 676–97. 8603: 8599: 8598: 8593: 8589: 8585: 8581: 8577: 8571: 8567: 8562: 8558: 8552: 8548: 8544: 8539: 8535: 8531: 8527: 8523: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8508: 8502: 8498: 8497: 8492: 8488: 8484: 8480: 8476: 8470: 8466: 8461: 8457: 8453: 8449: 8443: 8439: 8434: 8430: 8426: 8422: 8416: 8412: 8407: 8403: 8398: 8397: 8376: 8372: 8368: 8361: 8346: 8342: 8336: 8318: 8311: 8309: 8301: 8294: 8292: 8279: 8275: 8268: 8253: 8249: 8243: 8227: 8223: 8219: 8213: 8211: 8209: 8193: 8189: 8185: 8179: 8165:on 2013-09-21 8164: 8160: 8158: 8150: 8142: 8136: 8121: 8114: 8112: 8110: 8108: 8092: 8088: 8086: 8078: 8063: 8059: 8057: 8049: 8034: 8030: 8028: 8020: 8005: 8001: 7999: 7991: 7989: 7984: 7971: 7967: 7963: 7959: 7955: 7951: 7947: 7942: 7938: 7934: 7930: 7926: 7921: 7917: 7912: 7908: 7903: 7899: 7894: 7890: 7885: 7881: 7875: 7871: 7867: 7863: 7859: 7854: 7850: 7845: 7835:on 2013-05-13 7831: 7827: 7823: 7816: 7811: 7801:on 2019-04-12 7797: 7792: 7791:2027.42/43810 7787: 7783: 7779: 7775: 7771: 7764: 7759: 7755: 7750: 7746: 7742: 7738: 7734: 7730: 7726: 7722: 7718: 7713: 7709: 7705: 7701: 7697: 7692: 7688: 7684: 7680: 7676: 7672: 7668: 7663: 7659: 7655: 7651: 7647: 7643: 7639: 7634: 7630: 7626: 7622: 7618: 7614: 7610: 7605: 7601: 7597: 7593: 7589: 7585: 7581: 7576: 7562: 7558: 7554: 7550: 7546: 7542: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7524: 7520: 7513: 7508: 7504: 7499: 7495: 7490: 7486: 7481: 7477: 7472: 7468: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7450: 7446: 7442: 7438: 7434: 7429: 7415: 7411: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7393: 7389: 7386:(2): 239–56. 7385: 7381: 7374: 7369: 7365: 7360: 7356: 7350: 7346: 7341: 7337: 7331: 7327: 7322: 7318: 7313: 7309: 7308: 7302: 7298: 7293: 7289: 7285: 7284:King, Richard 7281: 7277: 7272: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7249: 7245: 7241: 7236: 7222: 7218: 7214: 7207: 7202: 7198: 7193: 7189: 7184: 7180: 7175: 7171: 7169:1-57062-935-8 7165: 7161: 7156: 7152: 7147: 7136: 7132: 7128: 7124: 7120: 7116: 7112: 7108: 7103: 7099: 7094: 7093: 7072: 7064: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7036: 7032: 7028: 7024: 7020: 7013: 7011: 7002: 6998: 6991: 6973: 6969: 6965: 6961: 6957: 6954:(4): 361–70. 6953: 6949: 6942: 6935: 6933: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6912: 6908: 6904: 6900: 6896: 6888: 6886: 6876: 6868: 6864: 6860: 6856: 6852: 6848: 6844: 6840: 6833: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6805: 6801: 6797: 6789: 6779: 6770: 6761: 6752: 6744: 6740: 6736: 6732: 6728: 6724: 6721:(3): 383–93. 6720: 6716: 6709: 6703: 6699: 6696: 6693: 6690:Talan, Jamie 6687: 6681: 6677: 6676:1-4022-1452-9 6673: 6669: 6663: 6656: 6651: 6644: 6639: 6631: 6627: 6623: 6619: 6616:(4): 934–42. 6615: 6611: 6603: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6562:(4): 329–38. 6561: 6557: 6550: 6542: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6512: 6508: 6504: 6498: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6471: 6467: 6463: 6459: 6455: 6448: 6441: 6436: 6421: 6417: 6411: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6384: 6376: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6360: 6356: 6353:(1): 108–25. 6352: 6348: 6341: 6334: 6329: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6306:(3): 165–73. 6305: 6301: 6294: 6287: 6281: 6274: 6269: 6267: 6257: 6249: 6245: 6242:(4): 707–29. 6241: 6237: 6230: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6199:(4): 522–35. 6198: 6194: 6187: 6180: 6175: 6168: 6163: 6155: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6138:(3): 213–20. 6137: 6133: 6129: 6122: 6113: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6090:(6): 915–30. 6089: 6085: 6078: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6050: 6043: 6036: 6035:Waaijman 2000 6031: 6029: 6027: 6019: 6018:Waaijman 2000 6014: 6012: 6004: 5998: 5990: 5988: 5980: 5973: 5968: 5961: 5956: 5949: 5944: 5937: 5932: 5925: 5920: 5918: 5916: 5909:, p. 47. 5908: 5903: 5901: 5893: 5882: 5880:9780471007760 5876: 5872: 5871: 5866: 5862: 5855: 5840: 5834: 5830: 5829: 5821: 5814: 5809: 5807: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5775:(2): 247–71. 5774: 5770: 5763: 5755: 5749: 5741: 5735: 5731: 5724: 5716: 5710: 5706: 5699: 5684: 5682:9781577318422 5678: 5674: 5673: 5668: 5662: 5655: 5644: 5642:9781329522206 5638: 5634: 5633: 5628: 5622: 5615: 5610: 5608: 5606: 5598: 5592: 5590: 5588: 5580: 5574: 5567: 5561: 5554: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5522: 5516:, p. 97. 5515: 5510: 5503: 5498: 5490: 5484: 5480: 5473: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5444: 5436: 5430: 5426: 5419: 5411: 5405: 5401: 5394: 5386: 5379: 5371: 5365: 5361: 5360: 5352: 5344: 5343: 5335: 5327: 5321: 5317: 5316: 5308: 5306: 5297: 5291: 5287: 5286: 5278: 5270: 5264: 5260: 5255: 5254: 5245: 5237: 5231: 5227: 5226: 5218: 5210: 5204: 5200: 5199: 5191: 5183: 5177: 5173: 5172: 5164: 5155: 5152: 5151:0-7486-0954-7 5148: 5144: 5141: 5140:0-7914-3903-8 5137: 5133: 5130: 5129:0-8191-4531-9 5126: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5110: 5106: 5100: 5094: 5093:0-521-43878-0 5090: 5084: 5075: 5068: 5067:81-208-1706-0 5064: 5060: 5055: 5049:, pp. 119–260 5048: 5044: 5038: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5002: 5001: 4997: 4987: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4969: 4966:(2): 102–15. 4965: 4961: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4927: 4926: 4922: 4915: 4914:0-7486-0954-7 4911: 4905: 4899: 4895: 4889: 4881: 4879:0-8245-0755-X 4875: 4871: 4867: 4861: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4804: 4803: 4799: 4792: 4791:0-226-85116-8 4788: 4782: 4775: 4770: 4763: 4758: 4750: 4744: 4741:. Continuum. 4740: 4736: 4730: 4723: 4719: 4713: 4707: 4706:0-8239-2287-1 4703: 4697: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4676: 4674: 4664: 4663:0-8245-0755-X 4660: 4656: 4653: 4652:0-8245-0755-X 4649: 4645: 4644: 4640: 4633: 4629: 4626: 4622: 4616: 4607: 4603: 4600: 4596: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4571: 4570: 4566: 4560:, p. 67. 4559: 4554: 4547: 4543: 4540: 4535: 4521:on 2012-07-11 4520: 4516: 4510: 4503: 4498: 4491: 4485: 4476: 4469: 4465: 4462: 4456: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4432: 4426: 4422: 4419: 4413: 4407: 4403: 4400: 4394: 4388: 4384: 4381: 4377: 4371: 4364: 4363:0-9758875-4-8 4360: 4354: 4347: 4346:Fayd al-Qadir 4342: 4335: 4329: 4323: 4319: 4316: 4311: 4305:, p. 87. 4304: 4299: 4297: 4289: 4283: 4281: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4250: 4243: 4238: 4232:, p. 50. 4231: 4226: 4219: 4214: 4208:, p. 91. 4207: 4202: 4195: 4190: 4183: 4178: 4172:, p. 53. 4171: 4166: 4159: 4154: 4147: 4142: 4136:, p. 49. 4135: 4130: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4080: 4078: 4069: 4063: 4059: 4058: 4050: 4042: 4036: 4032: 4031: 4026: 4020: 4013: 4008: 4000: 3993: 3991: 3976: 3972: 3965: 3950: 3946: 3939: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3904: 3897: 3891: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3873:Paul Heelas, 3870: 3863: 3858: 3856: 3848: 3843: 3836: 3831: 3817: 3813: 3807: 3801:, p. 93. 3800: 3795: 3788: 3783: 3774: 3768: 3764: 3761: 3758: 3753: 3745: 3739: 3735: 3728: 3721: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3702: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3684:, p. 35. 3683: 3682:Versluis 2014 3678: 3671: 3666: 3660: 3659:0-06-054566-6 3656: 3652: 3646: 3639: 3634: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3583: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3554: 3547: 3546:Waaijman 2000 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3526: 3525:Waaijman 2000 3521: 3519: 3511: 3510:Waaijman 2000 3506: 3504: 3496: 3495:Waaijman 2000 3491: 3481: 3474: 3464: 3462:9789004376311 3458: 3454: 3453: 3445: 3438: 3437:Waaijman 2002 3433: 3431: 3423: 3418: 3416: 3408: 3403: 3401: 3393: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3374: 3369: 3367: 3359: 3354: 3352: 3344: 3339: 3337: 3329: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3312: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3250: 3236:on 2021-10-23 3235: 3231: 3227: 3221: 3214: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3195: 3194:Waaijman 2002 3190: 3188: 3180: 3179:Waaijman 2000 3175: 3173: 3165: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3149:, p. 36. 3148: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3132:, p. 44. 3131: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3117: 3103: 3098: 3091: 3086: 3079: 3078:Bhagavad Gita 3073: 3063: 3054: 3045: 3036: 3027: 3020: 3014: 3012: 2998: 2996: 2991: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2902: 2897: 2891: 2886: 2879: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2855: 2846: 2844: 2843:compassionate 2837: 2827: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2812:meta-analysis 2803: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2788: 2782: 2767: 2763: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2727: 2726: 2722: 2712: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2695: 2691: 2686: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2667:enlightenment 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2647: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2627: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2616: 2612:, especially 2611: 2607: 2606: 2601: 2600:William James 2594: 2584: 2582: 2581:pseudoscience 2576: 2572: 2570: 2566: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2540: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2514:psychological 2507: 2503: 2499: 2496: 2495: 2494: 2492: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2450: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2421: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2405: 2403: 2398: 2395: 2394: 2387: 2383: 2381: 2380:Anthroposophy 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2359: 2349: 2344: 2334: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2302:According to 2300: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2285: 2279: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2256: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2245: 2240: 2230: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2202: 2200: 2196: 2195: 2190: 2189: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2116: 2104: 2092: 2082: 2072: 2070: 2062: 2051: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2032: 2030: 2026: 2025:metta-bhavana 2022: 2021:citta-bhavana 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2000: 1990: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1963: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1894:Sufi teacher 1893: 1888: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1871: 1869: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1843: 1841: 1835: 1832:dimension of 1831: 1823: 1818: 1812: 1810: 1809: 1804: 1801:) in which a 1800: 1796: 1792: 1786: 1775: 1773: 1766: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1750: 1746: 1745: 1734: 1731: 1727: 1725: 1724: 1723:Lectio Divina 1719: 1718:contemplation 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1690: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1657:refers to an 1656: 1648: 1645: 1643:with little." 1642: 1638: 1635: 1631: 1630: 1629: 1627: 1618: 1608: 1605: 1597: 1586: 1583: 1579: 1576: 1572: 1569: 1565: 1562: 1558: 1555: – 1554: 1550: 1549:Find sources: 1543: 1539: 1533: 1532: 1527:This section 1525: 1521: 1516: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1486:Jewish ethics 1483: 1479: 1475: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1464:Jewish ethics 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1413:Baal Shem Tov 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1359:Jewish prayer 1356: 1355:Jewish ethics 1351: 1345: 1336: 1332: 1312: 1309: 1308:western world 1304: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1268: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1243:Ram Mohan Roy 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1214: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1191: 1187: 1186:Aldous Huxley 1183: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1151:Anthroposophy 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1122: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1042: 1036: 1032: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1010: 1006: 1004: 1000: 996: 991: 989: 974: 972: 968: 964: 959: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 923: 914: 912: 910: 903: 902:spiritualitas 897: 892: 890: 883: 882:or "spirit". 880: 874: 868: 862: 860: 859: 854: 853: 847: 842: 838: 834: 829: 823: 812: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 781: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 750: 749: 736: 731: 729: 724: 722: 717: 716: 714: 713: 708: 705: 704: 703: 702: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 671: 663: 662: 658: 657: 650: 647: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 632: 630: 627: 625: 622: 621: 617:Psychological 613: 612: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 592: 591: 583: 582: 575: 572: 571: 570: 569: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 543: 540: 538: 535: 533: 530: 528: 527:Enlightenment 525: 523: 522:Buddha-nature 520: 518: 515: 514: 513: 512: 506: 503: 502: 501: 500: 494: 491: 490: 489: 479: 478: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 447: 439: 438: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 410:Anthroposophy 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 391: 388: 386: 383: 382: 381: 380: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 355: 354: 353: 347: 344: 343: 342: 341: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 316: 315: 314: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 294: 293: 283: 282: 278: 277: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 254:Individuation 252: 250: 247: 246: 238: 237: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 207: 205: 202: 201: 193: 192: 185: 182: 179: 175: 173: 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 159: 151: 150: 142: 141:Folk religion 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 125: 122: 121: 120: 117: 113: 110: 108: 105: 103: 100: 99: 98: 95: 93: 90: 89: 80: 79: 71: 68: 66: 63: 62: 57: 51: 50: 47: 44: 43: 40: 37: 36: 32: 28: 27: 22: 14836:Spirituality 14220:Turkmenistan 14180:Saudi Arabia 13925:South Africa 13915:Sierra Leone 13720:Burkina Faso 13629:Names of God 13576:Unaffiliated 13531:Antireligion 13387:Universalism 13335:Assimilation 13200:Anthropology 13075:Supernatural 13070:Spirituality 13069: 13038:Sacred space 13026:Purification 12899:Denomination 12853: / 12661:Paleo-Balkan 12627:Mesopotamian 12467:Cook Islands 12438:Old Prussian 12351:UFO religion 12290: 12286:Zalmoxianism 12214:Neoshamanism 12071:Spiritualism 11954:Other ethnic 11843: 11669:Traditional 11629:Bongthingism 11517:Acoma Pueblo 11460:Mesoamerican 11157:Austronesian 10978: 10974:Neo-Buddhism 10906: 10902:Neo-Hinduism 10823:Swaminarayan 10661: 10610:Salvationist 10595:Confucianism 10446:Samaritanism 10416:Ali-Illahism 10397: 10264: 10258:Unitarianism 10199:Old Catholic 10006:Nestorianism 9964:Christianity 9951: 9917:Conservative 9687: 9680: 9670:Tao Te Ching 9668: 9651: 9634: 9627: 9605: 9565:Spiritualism 9394:Supplication 9076:Supernatural 9066:Spiritualism 8941:Kevala jnana 8871:Emanationism 8780:Spirituality 8779: 8768: 8712: 8674: 8649:(2): 10–15. 8646: 8642: 8601: 8595: 8565: 8546: 8525: 8519: 8494: 8464: 8437: 8410: 8401: 8379:. 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Retrieved 5535: 5531: 5521: 5509: 5497: 5478: 5472: 5461:. Retrieved 5452: 5443: 5424: 5418: 5399: 5393: 5384: 5378: 5358: 5351: 5341: 5334: 5314: 5284: 5277: 5252: 5244: 5224: 5217: 5197: 5190: 5170: 5163: 5116: 5099: 5083: 5074: 5059:Mikel Burley 5054: 5037: 5030:, pp. 865–69 5027: 5015:, pp. 724–29 5012: 4996: 4985: 4981: 4963: 4959: 4937:(1): 33–52. 4934: 4930: 4921: 4904: 4888: 4869: 4860: 4833: 4829: 4811: 4807: 4798: 4793:, pp. 97–130 4781: 4769: 4764:, p. 3. 4757: 4738: 4729: 4724:, pp. 93–140 4712: 4696: 4691:, pp. 881–84 4688: 4639: 4620: 4615: 4565: 4553: 4534: 4523:. Retrieved 4519:the original 4509: 4497: 4484: 4475: 4440: 4431: 4412: 4393: 4375: 4370: 4353: 4341: 4333: 4328: 4310: 4268:. Retrieved 4259: 4249: 4242:Sonsino 2002 4237: 4225: 4218:Sonsino 2002 4213: 4201: 4194:Sonsino 2002 4189: 4177: 4165: 4153: 4141: 4129: 4118:. Retrieved 4093: 4089: 4056: 4049: 4029: 4025:Biale, David 4019: 4012:Sonsino 2002 4007: 3998: 3978:. Retrieved 3974: 3964: 3953:. Retrieved 3938: 3926:. Retrieved 3917: 3913: 3903: 3895: 3890: 3882: 3874: 3869: 3842: 3830: 3819:. Retrieved 3815: 3806: 3794: 3782: 3773: 3756: 3752: 3733: 3727: 3720:McMahan 2008 3677: 3665: 3650: 3645: 3633: 3621:. Retrieved 3596: 3592: 3582: 3571:. Retrieved 3562: 3553: 3490: 3480: 3472: 3466:. Retrieved 3451: 3444: 3358:Griffin 1988 3290:. Retrieved 3266:(1): 45–54. 3263: 3259: 3249: 3238:. Retrieved 3234:the original 3229: 3220: 3097: 3085: 3072: 3062: 3053: 3044: 3035: 3026: 2876: 2862: 2852: 2839: 2823: 2816:intercessory 2809: 2799: 2784: 2764: 2756:sacred texts 2741: 2724: 2687: 2674: 2671:Paul Brunton 2655:D. T. Suzuki 2648: 2644:the infinite 2639: 2630: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2613: 2610:Rudolph Otto 2603: 2596: 2578: 2574: 2559: 2541: 2517: 2511: 2502:philanthropy 2491:obscurantism 2485: 2451: 2428: 2407: 2399: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2367: 2363: 2361: 2346: 2317:there is no 2312: 2301: 2286: 2282: 2249:Hare Krishna 2242: 2236: 2227:Chatur Marga 2226: 2209: 2203: 2198: 2192: 2186: 2174: 2168: 2164: 2162: 2133: 2131: 2108:Bhakti marga 2057: 2033: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2015:). The word 2012: 2002: 1975:Parshvanatha 1971:Rishabhadeva 1967:Tirthankaras 1964: 1948:brahmacharya 1928:anekāntavāda 1914: 1889: 1873: 1865: 1837: 1813: 1806: 1788: 1768: 1753: 1742: 1740: 1728: 1721: 1698:Christianity 1691: 1670: 1662: 1659:act of faith 1652: 1626:Pope Francis 1623: 1600: 1591: 1581: 1574: 1567: 1560: 1548: 1536:Please help 1531:verification 1528: 1500:Christianity 1476: 1460:Ira F. Stone 1456:Alan Morinis 1433: 1391: 1379:dietary laws 1373:observance, 1328: 1305: 1282: 1270: 1247:Brahmo Samaj 1226: 1223:neo-Hinduism 1222: 1216: 1201:World War II 1197:universalism 1179: 1147:universalism 1124: 1105:Unitarianist 1101:universalist 1097:Neoplatonism 1063: 1038: 1011: 1007: 992: 985: 960: 936:Christianity 924: 920: 906: 899:(nominative 889:spiritualité 886: 884: 863: 856: 850: 836: 818: 797:supernatural 782: 762:sacred texts 754:image of God 748:spirituality 747: 746: 744: 667:Neurological 567: 566: 532:Kevala jnana 510: 509: 498: 497: 488:Pre-historic 487: 420:Spiritualism 395:Universalism 378: 377: 352:Early modern 351: 350: 339: 338: 329:Neoplatonism 312: 311: 291: 39:Spirituality 38: 14671:New Zealand 14608:Saint Lucia 14558:El Salvador 14463:Switzerland 14398:Netherlands 14170:Philippines 14098:South Korea 14093:North Korea 13983:Afghanistan 13930:South Sudan 13820:Ivory Coast 13604:Deification 13551:Objectivism 13526:Agnosticism 13479:Persecution 13469:Video games 13434:Populations 13345:Proselytism 13313:Monasticism 13304:Clericalism 13294:Agriculture 13285:and society 13250:Soteriology 13210:Comparative 13180:Transtheism 13165:Panentheism 12949:Monasticism 12742:Gallo-Roman 12644:Micronesian 12610:Manichaeism 12558:Hermeticism 12526:Continental 12521:Anglo-Saxon 12401:Paleolithic 12396:Prehistoric 12346:Scientology 12209:Italo-Roman 12064:Radha Soami 12044:New Thought 11884:Espiritismo 11825:Waaqeffanna 11765:Fon and Ewe 11703:Sub-Saharan 11586:Satsana Phi 11372:Ghost Dance 11313:Californian 11281:Anishinaabe 11207:Karo Pemena 11186:Indonesian 10860:Lingayatism 10808:Mahanubhava 10778:Vaishnavism 10709:Jeungsanism 10632:Folk Taoism 10615:Xiantiandao 10469:Zoroastrian 10128:Charismatic 10123:Pentecostal 10086:Anglicanism 10037:Waldensians 9972:Catholicism 9733:Forgiveness 9545:Panentheism 9490:Esotericism 9294:Nonviolence 9279:Monasticism 9269:Ministering 9224:Glossolalia 9179:Channelling 8956:Metaphysics 8921:Inner peace 8886:Eschatology 8683:Orbis Books 8274:"Mysticism" 8232:20 February 7979:Web-sources 6167:Koenig 2008 5972:Comans 1993 5960:Sinari 2000 5948:Renard 2010 5865:Pam, Alvin. 4988:(1): 38–59. 4916:, pp. 69–71 4836:(1): 8–10. 4597:MK Gandhi, 4461:book search 4459:See Google 4399:Masud.co.uk 4303:Morgan 2010 4288:Laudato si' 4230:Kaplan 2013 4170:Kaplan 2013 4148:, p. . 4146:Kaplan 2018 4096:(2): 3–26. 4014:, p. . 3623:19 November 3563:www.ipl.org 3196:, p. . 2905:Esotericism 2873:Measurement 2796:inner peace 2787:correlation 2748:mindfulness 2608:(1902) and 2544:inner peace 2486:necessarily 2456:emphasizes 2410:consumerism 2219:Vivekananda 2154:neo-Vedanta 2150:Vivekananda 2096:Jñāna marga 1490:tikkun olam 1429:Panentheism 1375:Torah study 1297:Paul Heelas 1239:orientalism 1235:colonialism 1219:Neo-Vedanta 1213:Neo-Vedanta 1207:Neo-Vedanta 1193:Neo-Vedanta 1163:agriculture 1131:Neo-Vedanta 1077:Romanticism 999:Holy Spirit 995:Middle Ages 909:spiritualis 873:spiritualis 855:and Hebrew 774:Holy Spirit 629:Mindfulness 547:Neo-Vedanta 465:Orientalism 455:Neo-Advaita 443:Orientalist 400:New Thought 385:Romanticism 363:Jakob Böhme 324:Hermeticism 307:Panentheism 84:Traditional 14830:Categories 14661:Micronesia 14538:Costa Rica 14433:San Marino 14393:Montenegro 14373:Luxembourg 14230:Uzbekistan 14205:Tajikistan 14110:Kyrgyzstan 14083:Kazakhstan 14033:East Timor 14003:Bangladesh 13993:Azerbaijan 13910:Seychelles 13875:Mozambique 13860:Mauritania 13845:Madagascar 13735:Cape Verde 13517:irreligion 13512:Secularism 13414:Minorities 13382:Toleration 13377:Syncretism 13362:Fanaticism 13352:Disability 13340:Missionary 13330:Conversion 13318:Ordination 13240:Psychology 13235:Philosophy 13175:Polytheism 13155:Monotheism 13150:Henotheism 12991:Orthopraxy 12981:Ordination 12944:Meditation 12939:Indigenous 12904:Entheogens 12889:Conversion 12715:Pueblo III 12632:Babylonian 12622:Melanesian 12548:Gnosticism 12433:Lithuanian 12326:Fourth Way 12180:Circassian 12158:Dievturība 12081:Tensegrity 12014:Falun Gong 11659:Sanamahism 11639:Donyi-Polo 11229:Polynesian 11175:Kaharingan 11100:Burkhanism 11039:Ravidassia 11017:Śvetāmbara 10803:Pushtimarg 10783:Krishnaism 10719:Vietnamese 10704:Cheondoism 10637:Yao Taoism 10573:East Asian 10339:Isma'ilism 10295:Maturidism 10074:Mennonites 10069:Hutterites 10054:Anabaptism 9947:Humanistic 9718:Compassion 9664:Sufi texts 9636:Dhammapada 9555:Polytheism 9535:Nondualism 9515:Monotheism 9505:Henotheism 9500:Gnosticism 9424:Veneration 9364:Sahaj marg 9339:Revivalism 9334:Repentance 9304:Pilgrimage 9259:Meditation 9234:Iconolatry 9139:Asceticism 9016:Revelation 8981:Paranormal 8961:Mind's eye 8926:Involution 8881:Epigenesis 8456:1203470053 8351:2014-01-04 8326:2014-01-04 8284:2014-01-04 8258:2009-06-05 8198:2021-11-25 8169:2014-01-04 8126:2014-01-04 8097:2014-01-04 8068:2014-01-04 8039:2014-01-04 8010:2014-01-04 7839:2013-01-13 7805:2013-02-10 7570:2013-03-05 7423:2018-04-20 7401:1765/21876 7230:2013-01-13 7141:2019-01-03 6981:2018-12-17 6783:187:268–83 6488:2019-12-09 6426:2014-07-14 5936:Sharf 2000 5538:(1): 108. 5488:0435895915 5463:2020-02-04 4814:(6): 5–8. 4625:क्षैत्रज्ञ 4525:2014-01-04 4270:2021-11-23 4206:Dorff 2018 4182:Dorff 2018 4158:Dorff 2018 4134:Dorff 2018 4120:2019-05-20 3980:2024-09-24 3955:2014-01-04 3835:Yelle 2012 3821:2024-01-25 3701:Sharf 1995 3670:Remes 2014 3573:2022-11-05 3468:2019-04-29 3422:Sharf 2000 3292:2023-01-06 3240:2019-12-11 3112:References 3067:important. 2744:meditation 2683:Meher Baba 2556:inner life 2552:meditation 2466:compassion 2458:humanistic 2439:inner path 2356:See also: 2304:Guru Nanak 2146:Karma yoga 2120:Rāja marga 2075:Four paths 2065:क्षैत्रज्ञ 1952:aparigraha 1932:aparigraha 1814:Sufism or 1564:newspapers 1285:secularism 1119:See also: 1089:skepticism 1046:liberalism 1029:See also: 917:Definition 537:Madhyamaka 460:Nonduality 319:Gnosticism 279:Influences 184:Syncretism 14779:Venezuela 14724:Argentina 14641:Australia 14593:Nicaragua 14568:Guatemala 14368:Lithuania 14190:Sri Lanka 14185:Singapore 14165:Palestine 14053:Indonesia 14043:Hong Kong 13865:Mauritius 13586:Overviews 13541:Criticism 13494:Sectarian 13484:Terrorism 13459:Theocracy 13404:Happiness 13372:Pluralism 13357:Education 13283:Religion 13255:Salvation 13245:Sociology 13190:Religious 13170:Pantheism 13160:Nontheism 13053:Mountains 13031:Sacrifice 12986:Orthodoxy 12976:Mythology 12971:Mysticism 12860:Behaviour 12769:Canaanite 12752:Mithraism 12720:Pueblo IV 12710:Pueblo II 12615:Mazdakism 12590:Hungarian 12563:Mysteries 12472:Dravidian 12254:Hungarian 12170:Caucasian 12141:Godianism 12101:Agni Yoga 12091:Theosophy 12054:Rastafari 12029:Modekngei 12009:Brahmoism 12002:Syncretic 11994:movements 11992:religious 11904:Quimbanda 11852:Candomblé 11845:Diasporic 11624:Bathouism 11614:Benzhuism 11529:Tsimshian 11480:Purépecha 11401:Longhouse 11376:Sun Dance 11308:Blackfoot 11296:Wabunowin 11291:Midewiwin 11212:Malaysian 11202:Kapitayan 11012:Digambara 10997:Ayyavazhi 10962:Vajrayana 10927:Theravada 10840:Ganapatya 10813:Ramanandi 10742:Hoahaoism 10620:Yiguandao 10515:Yarsanism 10510:Shabakism 10497:Yazdânism 10487:Zurvanism 10482:Mazdaznan 10441:Rastafari 10436:Mandaeism 10310:Wahhabism 10290:Ash'arism 10253:Tolstoyan 10243:Spiritual 10233:Mormonism 10204:Judaizers 10177:Quakerism 10155:Methodist 10145:Irvingism 10096:Calvinism 10049:Adventism 10032:Moravians 9869:Abrahamic 9753:Intuition 9738:Gratitude 9708:Awareness 9550:Pantheism 9525:Mysticism 9520:Monolatry 9434:Wabi-sabi 9429:Vipassana 9379:Shamanism 9369:Sainthood 9354:Sacrifice 9349:Sacrament 9264:Martyrdom 9244:Kinomichi 9199:Entheogen 9144:Astrology 9111:Practices 9021:Salvation 8906:Existence 8846:Cosmology 8841:Cosmogony 8821:Awakening 8806:Afterlife 8731:951518757 8701:796958914 8679:Maryknoll 8655:1082-9008 8626:556989066 8618:0040-5639 8584:901470818 8493:(2018) . 8483:642935048 8429:774046317 8371:Epiphenom 8222:Religions 8027:Spiritual 7970:144950049 7687:143149239 7658:144658300 7629:144755003 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