827:
918:
in John Cage's
Imaginary Landscape series (1939– 1952), some of which employ unconventional percussion akin to the AACM's little instruments. All of these pieces are aleatoric— in other words, the performers have to improvise (although Stockhausen and Cage would instead use terms like "intuitive music" and "indeterminacy"). Composition 76 also recalls other improvisatory Stockhausen works for winds, percussion, and voice, including Aus den sieben Tagen (1968) and Sternklang(1971). However, few of the musicians in Stockhausen's orbit could have played the dozens of instruments that Braxton wanted to feature in Composition 76. Fortunately, Braxton could turn to another community of musicians, one much closer to home.
789:, where the title indicates the physical positions of the performers. The titles can themselves be musical notation indicating to the performer how a piece is played. Some letters are identifiable as the initials of Braxton's friends and musical colleagues, but many titles remain inscrutable to critics. By the mid-to-late 1980s, Braxton's titles began to incorporate drawings and illustrations. He also began to include lifelike images of inanimate objects such as train cars, which were most notably seen after the advent of his Ghost Trance Music system. Braxton settled on a system of opus-numbers to make referring to these pieces simpler, and earlier pieces have had opus-numbers retroactively added to them.
854:
and out of the primary melody, with notes marked by a shape—a circle, triangle, or square—signaling opportunities to move to a different composition, or mode of composing, in the system. A circle indicates that a performer can engage in an open or a "language music" improvisation; if the latter, performers may also give visual cues prompting others to follow the logics of a specific
Braxtonian "language type". Triangles and squares are both invitations to play other notated compositions (or "stable identities"). Triangles represent specific "secondary material" included with each
33:
443:
909:, Braxton began to work on "image logics", resulting in graphic scores with large paintings and drawings with smaller legends of various symbols. Performs must find their own meanings in the symbols and construct a path through the score, balancing "the demands of traditional notation interpretation and esoteric inter-targeting."
853:
composition is a ceaseless "primary melody", which
Braxton describes as "a melody that never ends". This line of music, which may extend for 80 pages or more, is written to be played in unison by any performer who wishes to participate in the "ritual circle dance". Musicians are also able to move in
917:
The scoring techniques used in 76 are reminiscent of a number of graphic works by other experimental composers. In a lecture about
Composition 76, Braxton "cite as inspirations" Karlheinz Stockhausen's Zyklus (1959), for a soloist playing thirteen percussion instruments, as well as the fi ve pieces
524:
was the first full-length album for unaccompanied saxophone. The work has been described as "one of the greatest solo saxophone records ever made, and maybe one of the greatest recordings ever issued" and "an album of solo free improvisation that still remains a paragon of technical, aesthetic and
797:
Language Music was
Braxton's original composition system, first used as an approach to solo improvisation. By limiting the music to a single parameter (for example, trills), Braxton was able to explore beyond the surface particulars of a given parameter. These language "types", which serve as the
314:
Braxton identifies as a "trans-idiomatic" composer and has repeatedly opposed the idea of a rigid dichotomy between improvisation and composition. He has written extensively about the "language music" system that forms the basis for his work and developed a philosophy of "world creativity" in his
801:
He has said that "language music is the basis of my work" and that it also serves as the basis for his other compositional systems. Braxton emphasizes working with "notation as practiced in black improvised creativity", where it functions "as both a recall-factor as well as a generating factor".
813:
Braxton's various quartets in the late 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s were laboratories for his experiments in collage forms, or what he refers to as a constructor set approach to composition, giving musicians different compositions to be performed simultaneously. This collage strategy became an
817:
One important part of these collage structures was the pulse-track structures. These pulse tracks were graphic notation given to the rhythm section that allowed them to break free from traditional rhythm section approaches but still play a supportive role behind the other instruments.
330:
from 1990 until his retirement at the end of 2013. He is the artistic director of the Tri-Centric
Foundation, a nonprofit he founded in 1994 to support the preservation and production of works by Braxton and other artists "in pursuit of 'trans-idiomatic' creativity".
427:. While in South Korea he met a number of improvising musicians and even led his own group, though many in the barracks did not appreciate the more esoteric works in his collection, and he purchased headphones due to rules restricting his listening time.
869:
Braxton's notational devices also ensure variation within the primary melody itself, often by the orders they refuse to give: for example, a traditional clef assigns a note to a specific line, but the diamond-shaped "open clef" of a
897:; these works have been described by a performer as "a labyrinth of hyper-notated activities", featuring irregular polyrhythms, dynamic extremes, color-coding to denote additional variables––and no geometric invitations to depart.
3085:
Lock, Forces in Motion, 330. See also Cage, Imaginary
Landscape No. 1; Cage, Imaginary Landscape No. 2; Cage, Imaginary Landscape No. 3; Cage, Imaginary Landscape No. 4; Cage, Imaginary Landscape No. 5; Stockhausen,
737:, Bandcamp Daily wrote, "Anthony Braxton's discography has been massive for decades. Since 2012, he's released two 4-CD operas; a 12-CD set of duos with various partners; a 7-CD set of the music of
730:, a recording of the concert, was described by critic François Couture as sympathetic and effective collaboration: "something really clicked between these artists, and it was all in good fun."
889:. Changes across species include increasing range and variation of elements such as rhythm, dynamics, and articulation. The escalation in complexity and intensity culminates in
802:
Accordingly, the language types function as both parameters and prompts in ensemble settings, where they may be used to structure improvisation or signal other performers.
2977:"ROAD by Graham Lock : from Forces in Motion: Anthony Braxton and the Meta-reality of Creative Music: Interviews and Tour Notes, England 1985 (London: Quartet, 1988)"
741:
and associated artists; an 11-CD set of
Charlie Parker's music; a 12-CD set of vocal music; an 8-CD set of duos with Eugene Chadbourne; a 4-CD set of collaborations with
758:
1367:
2809:
380:
As was the case after World War I, post-WWII Chicago faced increased rates of white mob violence against Black people, and
Braxton heard about incidents such as the
3706:
3496:
451:
220:
3850:
2517:
4180:
3692:
3573:
846:
works are written to provide a "gateway to ritual space" with elements "designed to function as pathways between
Braxton's various musical systems".
733:
Braxton is known for a sprawling and extremely diverse discography which has continued to grow in his later career: in introducing his 13-CD box set
4145:
4110:
4075:
3843:
1453:
359:. Braxton grew up living with his mother, stepfather, and three brothers, but still saw his father regularly. He grew up in a poorer district on
4310:
454:
and he attended a concert. Following the performance he met Roscoe Mitchell, who invited him to come practice with, and later join, the group.
749:; and an audio Blu-Ray of 12 compositions for sextet, septet, and nonet, totaling over 11 hours of music. And that's probably not all of it."
4155:
4085:
4360:
4220:
4165:
582:
4240:
4135:
4105:
3186:
858:
score, whereas squares signify pre-selected "outside" materials; these tertiary works, chosen prior to a given performance, may include
3380:
785:
Braxton often titles his compositions with diagrams or numbers and letters. Some diagrams have a clear meaning or signification, as on
307:, in which musicians "play" iPods containing the bulk of Braxton's oeuvre. He has released the first six operas in a series called the
701:, which introduced a pulse to his music and allowed the simultaneous performance of any piece by the performers; many of the earliest
544:
Braxton was initially pessimistic about making a living as a working musician and began hustling chess, but in 1970 he joined pianist
4250:
4245:
4190:
4185:
4130:
4100:
3428:
2027:
1056:
4325:
4265:
4225:
4215:
4200:
4170:
4150:
4115:
4080:
3524:
2053:
415:
for one semester, but was unable to continue his studies due to financial difficulties; he instead applied and was admitted to the
2079:
1562:
255:, the diversity of his output encompassed work with many members of the AACM, including duets with co-founder and first president
4300:
4175:
4120:
4090:
3391:
1368:"Anthony Braxton: 3 Compositions (EEMHM) 2011/Trillium J: The Non-Unconfessionables No. 380/Quintet (Tristano) 2014 Album Review"
352:
3899:
4445:
4380:
4345:
885:
works went through four phases over the eleven years of their composition, with each phase considered a different "species" of
4355:
4330:
4255:
4160:
4048:
4041:
3161:
2904:
2193:
3401:
2835:
2416:
838:
compositional series comprises approximately 150 pieces written from 1995 to 2006. Inspired by 19th century Native American
805:
While he has catalogued over 100 sound "classifications" or "relationships", Braxton uses twelve types in most of his work.
4450:
4420:
4410:
4205:
3369:
2312:
1229:
423:, where he could continue studies with Jack Gell at the Chicago School of Music, but he later traveled to South Korea with
2491:
2466:
4305:
4285:
4260:
4230:
3010:
430:
After a few years Braxton left the army and moved back to Chicago; he later studied philosophy and music composition at
4415:
4125:
4095:
3608:
3311:
966:
4275:
4270:
4195:
3685:
3510:
3117:
2976:
2634:
2441:
2132:
1981:
1931:
1734:
1648:
1429:
1092:
1032:
1001:
3822:
2896:
Blutopia: Visions of the Future and Revisions of the Past in the Work of Sun Ra, Duke Ellington, and Anthony Braxton
4390:
4340:
4315:
4235:
4140:
3678:
3657:
2951:
1341:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4395:
4350:
4335:
4280:
3773:
3664:
1393:
1024:
Forces in Motion: Anthony Braxton and the Meta-reality of Creative Music: Interviews and Tour Notes, England 1985
1286:
564:, Holland and Altschul remained with Braxton for much of the 1970s as part of a quartet that variously included
4400:
4385:
3913:
3727:
2108:
597:
401:
3236:
4290:
4030:
3892:
3559:
3421:
622:
613:
592:
496:
277:
2856:
2390:
2364:
1482:
826:
667:
recordings, often featuring him as a pianist rather than saxophonist. He released multidisc sets, including
4365:
4320:
4004:
3962:
3885:
3808:
3766:
3734:
2567:
75:
1509:"The African Aesthetic in World Creativity: Anthony Braxton's Philosophy of Vibrational Affinity Dynamics"
4295:
4210:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3927:
3829:
3446:
3036:
2699:
1312:
947:
681:
that were recorded on tour in 2003. He worked with several groups, including a quintet crediting bassist
674:
671:
668:
4425:
4375:
3948:
3836:
3461:
2726:
577:
459:
374:
2338:
2286:
4405:
3955:
3941:
3871:
3794:
3636:
3531:
2120:
2104:
962:
626:
was inspired by jazz and marching band traditions. Braxton also recorded duets with George Lewis and
424:
244:
1177:
616:(violin)--this album was released in the late 1970s by the Italian label, Vedette, under the title,
355:. His parents divorced when he was young, and his mother remarried Lawrence Fouche, a worker at the
3934:
3517:
3414:
2768:
690:
526:
416:
412:
381:
32:
3920:
3878:
3801:
3720:
3601:
3475:
1151:
646:
573:
420:
377:
among his favorites, but as a child was more excited by rocketships, television, and technology.
348:
2161:
2124:
2112:
878:. Micro-level interventions include "open accidentals" that can be played either sharp or flat.
765:
Braxton has written several volumes to explain his theories and works, such as the three-volume
4370:
1923:
601:
3286:
2894:
1419:
1082:
981:
3864:
3153:
1969:
974:
958:
875:
650:
480:
196:
3143:
2260:
2149:
1726:
4070:
3815:
3787:
3489:
2810:"A ritual of openness. The (meta-)reality of Anthony Braxton's Ghost Trance Music | FORUM+"
2769:""What I Call a Sound": Anthony Braxton's Synaesthetic Ideal and Notations for Improvisers"
1891:
657:
605:
504:
431:
400:
In his early teens, Braxton took his at-home explorations of technology and electronics to
385:
365:
256:
3211:
2608:
8:
3713:
3643:
3580:
3545:
1781:
726:
360:
327:
208:
135:
3396:
1714:
3995:
3699:
3629:
3167:
2749:
2234:
1587:
1536:
1528:
627:
557:
356:
260:
184:
87:
71:
529:, Joe McPhee, and Evan Parker, who went on to record their own solo albums. Tracks on
3780:
3594:
3503:
3171:
3157:
3113:
2900:
2788:
2753:
2189:
2128:
1977:
1927:
1730:
1644:
1540:
1425:
1088:
1028:
930:
is also a musician, and the former guitarist, keyboardist and vocalist with American
561:
231:
2183:
4018:
3857:
3650:
3552:
3261:
3149:
3105:
2780:
2741:
2659:
2157:
1998:
1722:
1520:
1203:
989:
970:
634:
609:
516:. There had previously been occasional unaccompanied saxophone recordings (notably
500:
248:
143:
79:
3097:
2518:"Mario Pavone, Hard-Hitting Bassist And Respected East-Coast Educator, Dead At 80"
3671:
3375:
3109:
2635:"Navigating Anthony Braxton's Massive Live Collection "Quartet (Standards) 2020""
1917:
1638:
1022:
927:
774:
746:
738:
694:
642:
569:
517:
468:
344:
264:
251:
has released hundreds of recordings and compositions. During six years signed to
139:
123:
3061:
3759:
3741:
3622:
3615:
1087:(30th Anniversary ed.). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. xxx.
935:
553:
492:
363:, where he attended Betsy Ross Grammar School and had a paper route delivering
287:
Critics' Poll Album of the Year. Many of his projects are ongoing, such as the
272:
252:
204:
131:
127:
1119:
4064:
3906:
3538:
3386:
3336:
2792:
2784:
2745:
2542:
1524:
686:
664:
565:
476:
370:
323:
292:
1454:"Avant-Garde Legend Anthony Braxton on His 'Trans-Idiomatic' Improv Odyssey"
3482:
2209:
993:
985:
682:
638:
587:
549:
534:
464:
227:
188:
997:
4011:
1612:
839:
717:
678:
545:
488:
484:
472:
389:
300:
268:
147:
1532:
1508:
814:
integral feature of Braxton's approach to composition and band-leading.
633:
Braxton's regular group in the 1980s and early 1990s was a quartet with
450:
Shortly after returning to Chicago, Braxton's cousin told him about the
3566:
3098:"Improvised Music after 1950: Afrological and Eurological Perspectives"
742:
192:
369:. He sang in a church choir and had an early love of rock music, with
2773:
Critical Studies in Improvisation / Études critiques en improvisation
2727:"Improvisation and Collaboration in Anthony Braxton's Composition 76"
931:
721:
538:
442:
405:
275:; compositions for four orchestras; and the ensemble arrangements of
200:
83:
3587:
3468:
2417:"Old friends: David Grundy on the Anthony Braxton Standard Quartet"
2261:"Pop and Jazz: 'THE COMPLETE ARISTA RECORDINGS OF ANTHONY BRAXTON'"
798:
vocabulary of his Language Music, are often signaled by hand cues.
512:
283:
236:
216:
166:
3406:
3364:
2893:
Lock, Graham (1999). "" All the Things You Are: Legba's Legacy"".
1000:. In 2016, he was awarded an honorary doctorate in music from the
663:
During the 1990s and early 2000s, Braxton created a large body of
340:
212:
1418:
Corbett, John (1994). "Anthony Braxton: From Planet to Planet".
3062:"482 Music – Anthony Braxton / Matt Bauder: 2 + 2 Compositions"
2952:"Four Compositions (Washington, D.C.) 1998, by Anthony Braxton"
525:
emotional excellence". The album influenced other artists like
716:(482 Music, 2005). In 2005, he was a guest performer with the
291:
works, in which Braxton implements audio programming language
243:
A prolific composer with a vast body of cross-genre work, the
3037:"Anthony Braxton | Falling River Music (364f) (2004) | Artsy"
1421:
Extended Play: Sounding Off from John Cage to Dr. Funkenstein
3402:
List No. 82: An Introduction to the Music of Anthony Braxton
2313:"Anthony Braxton and Richard Teitelbaum: Silence/Time Zones"
1640:
New Musical Figurations: Anthony Braxton's Cultural Critique
1195:
697:
on drums. From 1995 to 2006, he concentrated what he called
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1113:
1111:
757:
224:
151:
3387:
Interview of Braxton by Ted Panken at Intakt Records, 2002
3132:
Stockhausen, Aus den sieben Tagen; Stockhausen, Sternklang
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2391:"Creative Music Studio: Woodstock Jazz Festival Volume 2"
2365:"Creative Music Studio: Woodstock Jazz Festival Volume 1"
1476:
1474:
1108:
1048:
3707:
Eight (+3) Tristano Compositions, 1989: For Warne Marsh
1684:
1682:
1669:
1667:
1247:
457:
Braxton played over ten instruments on his 1968 debut,
299:
series, inspired by his studies of the Native American
240:, the first full-length album of solo saxophone music.
3187:"Tyondai Braxton Talks About Punk, Percussion and Dad"
2997:
1471:
408:
set the course for his future compositional diagrams.
2677:
1947:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1840:
1838:
705:
recordings were released on his Braxton House label.
452:
Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians
221:
Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians
3851:
Composition No. 94 for Three Instrumentalists (1980)
1811:
1799:
1694:
1679:
1664:
1027:. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications. p. 3.
980:
In 2009, he received an honorary doctorate from the
874:
composition allows performers to choose any clef or
556:(drums) to form the short-lived avant garde quartet
2932:
2874:
2188:. Internet Archive. New York : Rolling Stone.
1204:"The Complete Arista Recordings of Anthony Braxton"
404:, where drafting courses and time in shop studying
3693:Four Compositions (Solo, Duo & Trio) 1982/1988
2920:
1976:(Concise ed.). Virgin Books. pp. 174/5.
1867:
1850:
1835:
1823:
1762:
1750:
862:compositions in Braxton's oeuvre (including other
752:
3376:Interview of Braxton by Ted Panken for WKCR, 1995
2592:Cain, Nick (2009). "Noise". In Young, Rob (ed.).
1919:Soundpieces 2: interviews with American composers
596:, with the group of the same name, consisting of
395:
4062:
3844:Anthony Braxton / Robert Schumann String Quartet
2103:
1385:
1313:"Anthony Braxton: Music as Spiritual Commitment"
1230:"Following the Tradition of Being Untraditional"
326:from 1985 to 1990 and was Professor of Music at
3312:"Docteurs honoris causa des années précédentes"
3148:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 66–67.
1563:"Anthony Braxton's Tempo Emphasizes the Upbeat"
3422:
3008:
388:near his home, and the lynching of Chicagoan
2287:"Anthony Braxton: Donaueschingen (Duo) 1976"
2123:(8th ed.). New York: Penguin. pp.
1968:
463:, the influences for which he identified as
3365:The Tri-Centric Foundation Official Website
1643:. University of Chicago Press. p. 38.
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
761:The graphical title for Composition No. 65.
560:. After Corea left to form the fusion band
3429:
3415:
3184:
2080:"Circle Circle 1: Live in Germany Concert"
1394:"Anthony Braxton's Trillium Opera Complex"
649:to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the
259:; collaborations with electronic musician
31:
16:American musician and composer (born 1945)
4181:African-American male classical composers
3216:John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation
3141:
2724:
2594:The Wire Primers: A Guide to Modern Music
2492:"Anthony Braxton: 19 Standards (Quartet)"
2467:"Anthony Braxton: 20 Standards (Quartet)"
2442:"Anthony Braxton: 23 Standards (Quartet)"
2310:
2162:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.j545100
1996:
1964:
1962:
1706:
1506:
1201:
1057:"Celebrating a Master of the Avant-Garde"
434:, though he did not complete his degree.
3017:. Columbia University School of the Arts
2704:bells | free jazz journal by henry kuntz
2078:Walls, Seth Colter (September 7, 2016).
1974:The Virgin Encyclopedia of Popular Music
1451:
1178:"A Renewed Spotlight on Anthony Braxton"
1137:
825:
756:
510:In 1969, Braxton recorded the double LP
495:. The album's trio arrangement included
441:
347:, and Clarence Dunbar Braxton Sr., from
4146:21st-century African-American academics
4111:21st-century African-American musicians
4076:20th-century African-American musicians
2632:
2600:
2515:
2258:
2181:
2147:
2097:
2025:
1560:
1519:(2). Sage Publications, Inc.: 130–141.
1417:
1310:
1227:
900:
419:in 1963. He was initially stationed in
4063:
3672:Seven Standards (1985) Vols. 1 & 2
3392:Comprehensive discography through 2016
3154:10.7208/chicago/9780226820439.001.0001
2683:
2414:
2051:
1959:
1953:
1817:
1805:
1719:Oxford African American Studies Center
1712:
1700:
1688:
1673:
1636:
1507:Frederick, Gerald J. (November 2007).
1480:
1424:. Duke University Press. p. 209.
1284:
1054:
645:(drums). In 1981, he performed at the
392:, who was killed when Braxton was 10.
4311:Creative Construction Company members
4049:Creative Construction Company Vol. II
3410:
3337:"NEC Honorary Doctor of Music Degree"
3095:
3011:"Composer Portraits: Anthony Braxton"
2836:"Anthony Braxton's Arista Recordings"
2804:
2802:
2694:
2692:
2585:
2330:
2148:Kennedy, Gary W. (January 20, 2002).
2077:
1915:
1727:10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.36258
1391:
1366:Walls, Seth Colter (March 28, 2016).
1365:
1359:
1333:
1081:Davis, John S. (September 15, 2020).
1080:
984:in Belgium; fellow honorees included
821:
4156:African-American classical composers
4086:20th-century American male musicians
2938:
2926:
2892:
2880:
2766:
2591:
2117:The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings
1878:
1861:
1844:
1829:
1768:
1756:
1588:"Artistic Director: Anthony Braxton"
1342:"SA16: Echo Echo Mirror House Music"
1020:
895:Accelerator Class Ghost Trance Music
223:. He received great acclaim for his
219:, and was a key early member of the
4361:Jazz-influenced classical composers
4221:American jazz baritone saxophonists
4166:African-American classical pianists
3436:
2606:
2415:Grundy, David (February 26, 2020).
2185:The Rolling stone jazz record guide
2052:Taylor, Derek (September 1, 2000).
2026:Spencer, Robert (January 1, 2001).
1175:
411:After high school Braxton attended
183:(born June 4, 1945) is an American
105:Saxophones, clarinets, flute, piano
13:
4241:American jazz soprano saxophonists
4136:21st-century American saxophonists
4106:20th-century American saxophonists
3609:Alto Saxophone Improvisations 1979
2799:
2689:
2388:
2362:
2311:Shoemaker, Bill (April 25, 2019).
2259:Ratliff, Ben (November 27, 2008).
2235:"Muhal Richard Abrams discography"
1713:Dufour, Ronald P. (May 31, 2013).
1561:Ratliff, Ben (February 18, 2016).
1483:"Anthony Braxton's Language Music"
1228:Ratliff, Ben (December 16, 2012).
1202:Whitehead, Kevin (February 2009).
1176:Ham, Robert (September 24, 2019).
967:Doris Duke Performing Artist Award
507:joining on the B-side recordings.
351:; Braxton's father worked for the
14:
4462:
3511:Saxophone Improvisations Series F
3358:
2633:Freeman, Philip (July 26, 2021).
2336:
2284:
1339:
1117:
912:
792:
576:. The core trio plus saxophonist
343:, to Julia Samuels Braxton, from
4251:American male classical pianists
4246:American jazz tenor saxophonists
4191:African-American opera composers
4186:African-American music educators
4131:21st-century classical composers
4101:20th-century classical composers
3679:Five Compositions (Quartet) 1986
3658:Four Compositions (Quartet) 1983
3381:"The Third Millennial Interview"
3241:Doris Duke Charitable Foundation
3185:Coscarelli, Joe (May 15, 2015).
2516:Johnson, Martin (May 19, 2021).
1452:Shteamer, Hank (June 18, 2019).
1055:Chinen, Nate (October 4, 2011).
957:Braxton's awards include a 1981
921:
808:
712:compositions were documented on
4326:American experimental composers
4266:American multi-instrumentalists
4226:American jazz bass saxophonists
4216:American jazz alto saxophonists
4201:American classical clarinetists
4171:African-American jazz composers
4151:21st-century American academics
4116:21st-century American composers
4081:20th-century American composers
3900:2 Compositions (Järvenpää) 1988
3774:Quartet: Live at Moers Festival
3665:Six Compositions (Quartet) 1984
3329:
3304:
3279:
3266:National Endowment for the Arts
3254:
3237:"2013 Doris Duke Artist Awards"
3229:
3204:
3178:
3135:
3126:
3089:
3079:
3054:
3029:
2969:
2944:
2886:
2849:
2828:
2760:
2718:
2652:
2626:
2560:
2535:
2509:
2484:
2459:
2434:
2408:
2382:
2356:
2304:
2278:
2252:
2227:
2202:
2175:
2150:"Creative Construction Company"
2141:
2071:
2045:
2019:
1990:
1909:
1884:
1774:
1630:
1605:
1580:
1554:
1500:
1445:
1411:
1304:
753:Compositional style and systems
656:In 1994, Braxton was awarded a
371:Frankie Lymon and the Teenagers
4301:Circle (American band) members
4176:African-American jazz pianists
4121:21st-century American pianists
4091:20th-century American pianists
3914:Seven Compositions (Trio) 1989
3823:Creative Orchestra (Köln) 1978
3728:4 (Ensemble) Compositions 1992
3686:Six Monk's Compositions (1987)
2700:"anthony braxton | part three"
1221:
1169:
1074:
1014:
941:
402:Chicago Vocational High School
396:Education and military service
353:Burlington and Quincy Railroad
199:who is best known for playing
1:
4446:African-American philosophers
4381:American male opera composers
4346:Globe Unity Orchestra members
4042:Creative Construction Company
3893:Ensemble (Victoriaville) 1988
3560:Creative Orchestra Music 1976
2006:The New York City Jazz Record
1311:Woodard, Josef (March 2012).
1084:Historical Dictionary of Jazz
1007:
623:Creative Orchestra Music 1976
593:Creative Construction Company
417:United States Fifth Army Band
334:
278:Creative Orchestra Music 1976
4356:Jazz musicians from Illinois
4331:Firehouse 12 Records artists
4256:American male jazz composers
4161:American classical composers
3963:Two Compositions (Trio) 1998
3886:19 (Solo) Compositions, 1988
3809:The Montreux/Berlin Concerts
3767:Solo: Live at Moers Festival
3735:Four Compositions (GTM) 2000
3110:10.5040/9781501318399.ch-046
3009:Pellegrinelli, Lara (2019).
2596:. London: Verso. p. 34.
1997:Greenland, Tom (June 2018).
305:Echo Echo Mirror House Music
97:Composer, musician, educator
76:contemporary classical music
7:
4451:American male jazz pianists
4421:Wesleyan University faculty
4411:Roosevelt University alumni
4206:American classical pianists
3984:19 Standards (Quartet) 2003
3977:20 Standards (Quartet) 2003
3970:23 Standards (Quartet) 2003
3928:10 Compositions (Duet) 1995
2339:"Quartet (Santa Cruz) 1993"
2054:"Anthony Braxton: For Alto"
2028:"Anthony Braxton: For Alto"
1922:. Scarecrow Press. p.
1786:The Encyclopedia of Chicago
1120:"Anthony Braxton: For Alto"
948:Anthony Braxton discography
375:Bill Haley & His Comets
281:, which was named the 1977
263:; a saxophone quartet with
10:
4467:
4306:Clean Feed Records artists
4286:Avant-garde jazz musicians
4261:American male saxophonists
4231:American jazz clarinetists
3949:9 Standards (Quartet) 1993
3837:Performance (Quartet) 1979
3462:3 Compositions of New Jazz
2572:www.paristransatlantic.com
1637:Radano, Ronald M. (2009).
1617:The Tri-Centric Foundation
1592:The Tri-Centric Foundation
945:
460:3 Compositions of New Jazz
187:composer, educator, music
4416:Sackville Records artists
4126:21st-century clarinetists
4096:20th-century clarinetists
4028:
3993:
3956:Quartet (Santa Cruz) 1993
3942:Trio (Victoriaville) 2007
3872:Quartet (Birmingham) 1985
3795:Donaueschingen (Duo) 1976
3751:
3637:Six Compositions: Quartet
3532:In the Tradition Volume 2
3453:
3444:
3096:Lewis, George E. (2017).
2899:. Duke University Press.
2861:archive.soundamerican.org
2121:The Penguin Guide to Jazz
1392:Young, Katherine (2016).
952:
780:
493:Chicago Transit Authority
437:
207:. Braxton grew up on the
161:
157:
119:
109:
101:
93:
67:
47:
42:
30:
23:
4391:Music & Arts artists
4276:Antilles Records artists
4271:American music educators
4196:American opera composers
3935:Duo (Victoriaville) 2005
3518:Four Compositions (1973)
3341:New England Conservatory
3142:Steinbeck, Paul (2022).
2785:10.21083/csieci.v4i1.462
2746:10.1215/00222909-7127682
2725:Steinbeck, Paul (2018).
1525:10.1177/0021934705283772
1513:Journal of Black Studies
1002:New England Conservatory
849:The central thread in a
735:Quartet (Standards) 2020
382:Cicero race riot of 1951
4341:Freedom Records artists
4316:Delmark Records artists
4236:American jazz composers
4141:Academics from Illinois
3921:Willisau (Quartet) 1991
3879:Quartet (Coventry) 1985
3830:One in Two – Two in One
3802:Dortmund (Quartet) 1976
3721:Willisau (Quartet) 1991
3602:Seven Compositions 1978
2734:Journal of Music Theory
724:at the FIMAV Festival.
647:Woodstock Jazz Festival
583:Conference of the Birds
421:Highland Park, Illinois
349:Greenville, Mississippi
63:Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
4441:Emanem Records artists
4436:21st-century flautists
4431:20th-century flautists
4396:Musicians from Chicago
4351:Intakt Records artists
4336:Free jazz saxophonists
4281:Arista Records artists
2857:"SA16: Language Music"
2210:"Muse Records Listing"
2182:Swenson, John (1985).
1285:Dicker, Erica (2016).
1004:in the United States.
831:
762:
447:
386:White City Roller Rink
43:Background information
4401:Pi Recordings artists
4386:Mills College faculty
3865:Quartet (London) 1985
3383:by Mike Heffley, 2001
3291:United States Artists
2984:Jazzstudiesonline.org
2843:jazzstudiesonline.org
2767:Lock, Graham (2008).
1481:Wooley, Nate (2016).
1021:Lock, Graham (2018).
975:United States Artists
971:NEA Jazz Master Award
959:Guggenheim Fellowship
829:
760:
651:Creative Music Studio
481:Karlheinz Stockhausen
445:
413:Wilson Junior College
197:multi-instrumentalist
4291:Big band bandleaders
4033:Construction Company
3816:Quintet (Basel) 1977
3788:Elements of Surprise
3490:The Complete Braxton
1916:Gagne, Cole (1993).
1896:Roosevelt University
1287:"Ghost Trance Music"
1156:MacArthur Foundation
963:MacArthur Fellowship
901:Falling River Musics
773:, both published by
769:and the five-volume
745:, Greg Saunier, and
710:Falling River Musics
658:MacArthur Fellowship
606:Muhal Richard Abrams
505:Muhal Richard Abrams
432:Roosevelt University
425:The Eighth Army Band
366:The Chicago Defender
339:Braxton was born in
289:Diamond Curtain Wall
257:Muhal Richard Abrams
167:tricentricfoundation
4366:Leo Records artists
4321:ECM Records artists
3714:Duets: Hamburg 1991
3581:For Four Orchestras
3546:New York, Fall 1974
3316:Université de Liège
2814:www.forum-online.be
2607:Couture, Francois.
2496:Jazz Music Archives
2471:Jazz Music Archives
2446:Jazz Music Archives
2389:Nastos, Michael G.
2363:Nastos, Michael G.
982:University of Liège
907:Falling River Music
590:released his album
580:recorded Holland's
328:Wesleyan University
203:, particularly the
4296:BYG Actuel artists
4211:American flautists
3700:A Memory of Vienna
3630:Composition No. 96
3372:by Anthony Braxton
3191:The New York Times
2265:The New York Times
2154:Grove Music Online
1715:"Braxton, Anthony"
1567:The New York Times
1234:The New York Times
1061:The New York Times
891:Fourth Species GTM
883:Ghost Trance Music
864:Ghost Trance Music
836:Ghost Trance Music
832:
822:Ghost Trance Music
767:Tri-Axium Writings
763:
699:Ghost Trance Music
685:as co-leader with
641:(double bass) and
628:Richard Teitelbaum
552:(double bass) and
533:were dedicated to
520:' "Picasso"), but
448:
384:, protests at the
357:Ford Motor Company
322:Braxton taught at
317:Tri-Axium Writings
297:Ghost Trance Music
261:Richard Teitelbaum
88:free improvisation
72:experimental music
4426:Okka Disk artists
4376:MacArthur Fellows
4058:
4057:
3781:First Duo Concert
3595:Birth and Rebirth
3287:"Anthony Braxton"
3262:"Anthony Braxton"
3212:"Anthony Braxton"
3163:978-0-226-82009-5
3145:Sound Experiments
2956:New Braxton House
2906:978-0-8223-7847-1
2660:"Anthony Braxton"
2239:www.jazzlists.com
2195:978-0-394-72643-4
1892:"Anthony Braxton"
1346:soundamerican.org
1152:"Anthony Braxton"
771:Composition Notes
562:Return to Forever
406:wiring schematics
341:Chicago, Illinois
175:
174:
4458:
4406:RogueArt artists
3858:Solo (Pisa) 1982
3651:Six Duets (1982)
3644:Open Aspects '82
3553:Five Pieces 1975
3525:In the Tradition
3431:
3424:
3417:
3408:
3407:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3139:
3133:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3093:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3006:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2981:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2840:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2806:
2797:
2796:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2731:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2706:. April 15, 2007
2696:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2547:www.482music.com
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2003:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1966:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1865:
1859:
1848:
1842:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1677:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1478:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1282:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1148:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1115:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1018:
990:Frederic Rzewski
714:2+2 Compositions
693:on trumpet, and
635:Marilyn Crispell
610:Wadada Leo Smith
608:(piano, cello),
541:, among others.
501:Wadada Leo Smith
245:MacArthur Fellow
171:
168:
140:Music & Arts
112:
80:avant-garde jazz
61:
57:
55:
35:
21:
20:
4466:
4465:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4032:
4024:
3989:
3747:
3476:Anthony Braxton
3449:
3440:
3438:Anthony Braxton
3435:
3370:Research papers
3361:
3356:
3355:
3345:
3343:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3320:
3318:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3295:
3293:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3270:
3268:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3245:
3243:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3220:
3218:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3195:
3193:
3183:
3179:
3164:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3120:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3080:
3070:
3068:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3045:
3043:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3020:
3018:
3007:
2998:
2988:
2986:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2937:
2933:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2891:
2887:
2879:
2875:
2865:
2863:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2819:
2817:
2808:
2807:
2800:
2765:
2761:
2729:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2698:
2697:
2690:
2682:
2678:
2668:
2666:
2664:Frog Peak Music
2658:
2657:
2653:
2643:
2641:
2631:
2627:
2617:
2615:
2605:
2601:
2590:
2586:
2576:
2574:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2551:
2549:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2526:
2524:
2514:
2510:
2500:
2498:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2475:
2473:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2450:
2448:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2425:
2423:
2413:
2409:
2399:
2397:
2387:
2383:
2373:
2371:
2361:
2357:
2347:
2345:
2335:
2331:
2321:
2319:
2309:
2305:
2295:
2293:
2283:
2279:
2269:
2267:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2218:
2216:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2196:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2102:
2098:
2088:
2086:
2076:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2050:
2046:
2036:
2034:
2024:
2020:
2010:
2008:
2001:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1967:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1914:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1877:
1868:
1860:
1851:
1843:
1836:
1828:
1824:
1816:
1812:
1804:
1800:
1790:
1788:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1767:
1763:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1711:
1707:
1699:
1695:
1687:
1680:
1672:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1635:
1631:
1621:
1619:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1596:
1594:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1571:
1569:
1559:
1555:
1545:
1543:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1489:
1479:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1450:
1446:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1416:
1412:
1402:
1400:
1390:
1386:
1376:
1374:
1364:
1360:
1350:
1348:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1315:
1309:
1305:
1295:
1293:
1283:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1226:
1222:
1212:
1210:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1174:
1170:
1160:
1158:
1150:
1149:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1116:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1079:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1019:
1015:
1010:
955:
950:
944:
928:Tyondai Braxton
924:
915:
903:
830:Braxton c. 2003
824:
811:
795:
783:
775:Frog Peak Music
755:
747:Taylor Ho Bynum
739:Lennie Tristano
695:Pheeroan akLaff
643:Gerry Hemingway
612:(trumpet), and
570:George E. Lewis
518:Coleman Hawkins
469:Ornette Coleman
440:
398:
345:Tulsa, Oklahoma
337:
311:Opera Complex.
265:Julius Hemphill
249:NEA Jazz Master
181:Anthony Braxton
178:
165:
110:
62:
59:
53:
51:
38:
37:Braxton in 2007
26:
25:Anthony Braxton
17:
12:
11:
5:
4464:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4045:
4037:
4035:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4015:
4008:
4000:
3998:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3760:Town Hall 1972
3755:
3753:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3742:Beyond Quantum
3738:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3623:Composition 98
3619:
3616:For Two Pianos
3612:
3605:
3598:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3497:Together Alone
3493:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3434:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3397:Sessionography
3394:
3389:
3384:
3378:
3373:
3367:
3360:
3359:External links
3357:
3354:
3353:
3328:
3303:
3278:
3253:
3228:
3203:
3177:
3162:
3134:
3125:
3118:
3088:
3078:
3053:
3028:
3015:Miller Theater
2996:
2968:
2943:
2941:, p. 167.
2931:
2919:
2905:
2885:
2883:, p. 172.
2873:
2848:
2827:
2798:
2759:
2740:(2): 249–278.
2717:
2688:
2686:, p. 277.
2676:
2651:
2625:
2599:
2584:
2559:
2534:
2508:
2483:
2458:
2433:
2407:
2381:
2355:
2329:
2303:
2285:Yanow, Scott.
2277:
2251:
2226:
2201:
2194:
2174:
2140:
2133:
2113:"Dave Holland"
2096:
2070:
2058:All About Jazz
2044:
2032:All About Jazz
2018:
1989:
1982:
1972:, ed. (1997).
1958:
1956:, p. 115.
1946:
1932:
1908:
1883:
1866:
1849:
1834:
1822:
1810:
1798:
1773:
1761:
1749:
1735:
1705:
1693:
1678:
1663:
1649:
1629:
1604:
1579:
1553:
1499:
1487:Sound American
1470:
1444:
1430:
1410:
1398:Sound American
1384:
1358:
1332:
1303:
1291:Sound American
1246:
1220:
1194:
1168:
1136:
1107:
1093:
1073:
1047:
1033:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1006:
954:
951:
946:Main article:
943:
940:
926:Braxton's son
923:
920:
914:
913:Graphic scores
911:
902:
899:
893:, also called
823:
820:
810:
807:
794:
793:Language Music
791:
782:
779:
754:
751:
689:on saxophone,
630:in the 1970s.
554:Barry Altschul
439:
436:
397:
394:
361:the South Side
336:
333:
273:Hamiet Bluiett
253:Arista Records
177:Musical artist
176:
173:
172:
163:
159:
158:
155:
154:
121:
117:
116:
113:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
69:
65:
64:
49:
45:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4463:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4371:Living people
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4005:Paris Concert
4002:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3907:Eugene (1989)
3904:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3539:Trio and Duet
3536:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:Studio albums
3452:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3432:
3427:
3425:
3420:
3418:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3317:
3313:
3307:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3242:
3238:
3232:
3217:
3213:
3207:
3192:
3188:
3181:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3138:
3129:
3121:
3119:9781501318399
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3102:Audio Culture
3099:
3092:
3082:
3067:
3063:
3057:
3042:
3041:www.artsy.net
3038:
3032:
3016:
3012:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2985:
2978:
2972:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2940:
2935:
2929:, p. 27.
2928:
2923:
2908:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2889:
2882:
2877:
2862:
2858:
2852:
2844:
2837:
2831:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2763:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2685:
2680:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2640:
2636:
2629:
2618:September 21,
2614:
2610:
2609:"Black Vomit"
2603:
2595:
2588:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2523:
2519:
2512:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2422:
2418:
2411:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2348:September 21,
2344:
2340:
2337:Jurek, Thom.
2333:
2318:
2314:
2307:
2292:
2288:
2281:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2197:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2178:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2144:
2136:
2134:0-14-102327-9
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2105:Cook, Richard
2100:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2059:
2055:
2048:
2033:
2029:
2022:
2007:
2000:
1999:"Globe Unity"
1993:
1985:
1983:1-85227-745-9
1979:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1955:
1950:
1935:
1933:9780810827103
1929:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1912:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1881:, p. 47.
1880:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1864:, p. 46.
1863:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1847:, p. 45.
1846:
1841:
1839:
1832:, p. 41.
1831:
1826:
1820:, p. 47.
1819:
1814:
1808:, p. 32.
1807:
1802:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1771:, p. 40.
1770:
1765:
1759:, p. 43.
1758:
1753:
1738:
1736:9780195301731
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1703:, p. 37.
1702:
1697:
1691:, p. 39.
1690:
1685:
1683:
1676:, p. 38.
1675:
1670:
1668:
1652:
1650:9780226701943
1646:
1642:
1641:
1633:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1568:
1564:
1557:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1488:
1484:
1477:
1475:
1459:
1458:Rolling Stone
1455:
1448:
1433:
1431:9780822314738
1427:
1423:
1422:
1414:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1377:September 21,
1373:
1372:pitchfork.com
1369:
1362:
1351:September 21,
1347:
1343:
1340:Testa, Carl.
1336:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1235:
1231:
1224:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1125:
1121:
1118:Jurek, Thom.
1114:
1112:
1096:
1094:9781538128152
1090:
1086:
1085:
1077:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1036:
1034:9780486832623
1030:
1026:
1025:
1017:
1013:
1005:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
978:
976:
973:, and a 2020
972:
968:
964:
960:
949:
939:
937:
933:
929:
922:Personal life
919:
910:
908:
898:
896:
892:
888:
884:
879:
877:
876:transposition
873:
867:
865:
861:
857:
852:
847:
845:
841:
837:
828:
819:
815:
809:Collage forms
806:
803:
799:
790:
788:
778:
776:
772:
768:
759:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
731:
729:
728:
723:
719:
715:
711:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
687:Thomas Chapin
684:
680:
676:
673:
670:
666:
665:jazz standard
661:
659:
654:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
631:
629:
625:
624:
619:
615:
614:Leroy Jenkins
611:
607:
603:
599:
598:Richard Davis
595:
594:
589:
585:
584:
579:
575:
571:
567:
566:Kenny Wheeler
563:
559:
555:
551:
548:'s trio with
547:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
523:
519:
515:
514:
508:
506:
502:
498:
497:Leroy Jenkins
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
477:Jackie McLean
474:
470:
466:
462:
461:
455:
453:
444:
435:
433:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
409:
407:
403:
393:
391:
387:
383:
378:
376:
372:
368:
367:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
332:
329:
325:
324:Mills College
320:
318:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
293:SuperCollider
290:
286:
285:
280:
279:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
241:
239:
238:
233:
229:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
170:
164:
160:
156:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
122:
118:
114:
108:
104:
102:Instrument(s)
100:
96:
94:Occupation(s)
92:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
70:
66:
60:(age 79)
50:
46:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
4047:
4040:
4017:
4010:
4003:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3961:
3954:
3947:
3940:
3933:
3926:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3483:This Time...
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3437:
3346:February 28,
3344:. Retrieved
3340:
3331:
3321:February 28,
3319:. Retrieved
3315:
3306:
3296:February 28,
3294:. Retrieved
3290:
3281:
3269:. Retrieved
3265:
3256:
3246:February 28,
3244:. Retrieved
3240:
3231:
3221:February 28,
3219:. Retrieved
3215:
3206:
3194:. Retrieved
3190:
3180:
3144:
3137:
3128:
3101:
3091:
3081:
3069:. Retrieved
3066:482music.com
3065:
3056:
3044:. Retrieved
3040:
3031:
3019:. Retrieved
3014:
2987:. Retrieved
2983:
2971:
2959:. Retrieved
2955:
2946:
2934:
2922:
2912:February 28,
2910:. Retrieved
2895:
2888:
2876:
2864:. Retrieved
2860:
2851:
2842:
2830:
2818:. Retrieved
2813:
2776:
2772:
2762:
2737:
2733:
2720:
2708:. Retrieved
2703:
2679:
2667:. Retrieved
2663:
2654:
2642:. Retrieved
2638:
2628:
2616:. Retrieved
2612:
2602:
2593:
2587:
2575:. Retrieved
2571:
2562:
2550:. Retrieved
2546:
2537:
2527:February 22,
2525:. Retrieved
2521:
2511:
2499:. Retrieved
2495:
2486:
2474:. Retrieved
2470:
2461:
2449:. Retrieved
2445:
2436:
2424:. Retrieved
2420:
2410:
2398:. Retrieved
2394:
2384:
2372:. Retrieved
2368:
2358:
2346:. Retrieved
2342:
2332:
2320:. Retrieved
2316:
2306:
2294:. Retrieved
2291:AllMusic.com
2290:
2280:
2268:. Retrieved
2264:
2254:
2242:. Retrieved
2238:
2229:
2217:. Retrieved
2213:
2204:
2184:
2177:
2165:. Retrieved
2153:
2143:
2116:
2109:Brian Morton
2099:
2087:. Retrieved
2083:
2073:
2061:. Retrieved
2057:
2047:
2035:. Retrieved
2031:
2021:
2011:February 28,
2009:. Retrieved
2005:
1992:
1973:
1970:Colin Larkin
1949:
1937:. Retrieved
1918:
1911:
1901:February 28,
1899:. Retrieved
1895:
1886:
1825:
1813:
1801:
1789:. Retrieved
1785:
1782:"Race Riots"
1776:
1764:
1752:
1740:. Retrieved
1718:
1708:
1696:
1654:. Retrieved
1639:
1632:
1622:February 28,
1620:. Retrieved
1616:
1613:"Who We Are"
1607:
1595:. Retrieved
1591:
1582:
1572:February 28,
1570:. Retrieved
1566:
1556:
1546:February 28,
1544:. Retrieved
1516:
1512:
1502:
1490:. Retrieved
1486:
1463:February 28,
1461:. Retrieved
1457:
1447:
1437:February 28,
1435:. Retrieved
1420:
1413:
1401:. Retrieved
1397:
1387:
1375:. Retrieved
1371:
1361:
1349:. Retrieved
1345:
1335:
1323:. Retrieved
1319:
1306:
1294:. Retrieved
1290:
1239:February 28,
1237:. Retrieved
1233:
1223:
1211:. Retrieved
1207:
1197:
1187:February 28,
1185:. Retrieved
1181:
1171:
1161:February 28,
1159:. Retrieved
1155:
1129:February 28,
1127:. Retrieved
1124:AllMusic.com
1123:
1100:February 28,
1098:. Retrieved
1083:
1076:
1066:February 28,
1064:. Retrieved
1060:
1050:
1040:February 28,
1038:. Retrieved
1023:
1016:
994:Robert Wyatt
986:Archie Shepp
979:
977:Fellowship.
956:
925:
916:
906:
904:
894:
890:
886:
882:
880:
871:
868:
863:
859:
855:
850:
848:
843:
840:Ghost Dances
835:
833:
816:
812:
804:
800:
796:
786:
784:
770:
766:
764:
734:
732:
725:
713:
709:
707:
703:Ghost Trance
702:
698:
691:Dave Douglas
683:Mario Pavone
672:quadruple-CD
662:
655:
639:Mark Dresser
632:
621:
617:
602:Steve McCall
591:
581:
574:Ray Anderson
550:Dave Holland
543:
535:Cecil Taylor
530:
521:
511:
509:
465:Paul Desmond
458:
456:
449:
429:
410:
399:
379:
364:
338:
321:
316:
313:
308:
304:
296:
288:
282:
276:
242:
235:
185:experimental
180:
179:
115:1968–present
111:Years active
58:June 4, 1945
18:
4071:1945 births
4012:Circling In
3752:Live albums
3447:Discography
3104:: 385–398.
2684:Radano 2009
2577:November 5,
2568:"JULY 2005"
2552:November 5,
2543:"482 Music"
2244:November 5,
2219:November 5,
2167:November 5,
1954:Radano 2009
1818:Radano 2009
1806:Radano 2009
1701:Radano 2009
1689:Radano 2009
1674:Radano 2009
942:Discography
727:Black Vomit
586:. In 1970,
546:Chick Corea
489:James Brown
485:Miles Davis
473:Eric Dolphy
390:Emmett Till
301:Ghost Dance
269:Oliver Lake
136:Black Saint
4065:Categories
3567:Duets 1976
2816:(in Dutch)
2214:jazzmf.com
1008:References
743:Nels Cline
578:Sam Rivers
527:Steve Lacy
491:, and the
335:Early life
209:South Side
201:saxophones
193:improviser
54:1945-06-04
3504:Donna Lee
3172:248116196
2939:Lock 2018
2927:Lock 2018
2881:Lock 2018
2793:1712-0624
2754:171741969
2317:JazzTimes
2111:(2006) .
2084:Pitchfork
1879:Lock 2018
1862:Lock 2018
1845:Lock 2018
1830:Lock 2018
1769:Lock 2018
1757:Lock 2018
1541:143776482
998:Arvo Pärt
969:, a 2014
965:, a 2013
961:, a 1994
932:math rock
722:Wolf Eyes
637:(piano),
604:(drums),
539:John Cage
84:free jazz
4031:Creative
4019:Circulus
3588:For Trio
3469:For Alto
3271:March 2,
3196:March 3,
3071:July 25,
3046:June 16,
3021:March 2,
2989:July 25,
2961:June 16,
2866:June 16,
2820:June 16,
2710:June 12,
2669:March 2,
2644:July 29,
2639:Bandcamp
2613:AllMusic
2501:March 9,
2476:March 9,
2451:March 9,
2426:March 3,
2421:Artforum
2400:March 9,
2395:AllMusic
2374:March 9,
2369:AllMusic
2343:AllMusic
2322:March 3,
2296:March 3,
2270:March 3,
2089:March 1,
2063:March 2,
2037:March 2,
1939:March 2,
1791:March 2,
1742:March 2,
1656:March 2,
1597:March 1,
1533:40034971
1492:March 2,
1403:March 2,
1325:March 2,
1320:DownBeat
1296:March 2,
1213:March 2,
1208:DownBeat
1182:DownBeat
866:works).
787:For Trio
600:(bass),
531:For Alto
522:For Alto
513:For Alto
309:Trillium
284:DownBeat
237:For Alto
217:Illinois
189:theorist
144:Antilles
3086:Zyklus.
936:Battles
905:In his
503:, with
446:In 1976
234:record
213:Chicago
162:Website
124:Delmark
3996:Circle
3170:
3160:
3116:
2903:
2791:
2752:
2192:
2131:
1980:
1930:
1733:
1647:
1539:
1531:
1428:
1091:
1031:
996:, and
953:Awards
842:, the
781:Titles
720:group
572:, and
558:Circle
438:Career
303:; and
295:; the
228:double
132:Hathut
128:Arista
120:Labels
68:Genres
4029:With
3994:With
3574:Duets
3168:S2CID
2980:(PDF)
2839:(PDF)
2779:(1).
2750:S2CID
2730:(PDF)
2002:(PDF)
1537:S2CID
1529:JSTOR
1316:(PDF)
934:band
718:noise
669:three
618:Muhal
3348:2021
3323:2021
3298:2021
3273:2021
3248:2021
3223:2021
3198:2021
3158:ISBN
3114:ISBN
3073:2021
3048:2024
3023:2021
2991:2021
2963:2024
2914:2021
2901:ISBN
2868:2024
2822:2024
2789:ISSN
2712:2024
2671:2021
2646:2021
2620:2018
2579:2021
2554:2021
2529:2022
2503:2022
2478:2022
2453:2022
2428:2021
2402:2022
2376:2022
2350:2018
2324:2021
2298:2021
2272:2021
2246:2021
2221:2021
2190:ISBN
2169:2021
2129:ISBN
2091:2021
2065:2021
2039:2021
2013:2021
1978:ISBN
1941:2021
1928:ISBN
1903:2021
1793:2021
1744:2021
1731:ISBN
1658:2021
1645:ISBN
1624:2021
1599:2021
1574:2021
1548:2021
1494:2021
1465:2021
1439:2021
1426:ISBN
1405:2021
1379:2018
1353:2018
1327:2021
1298:2021
1241:2021
1215:2021
1189:2021
1163:2021
1131:2021
1102:2021
1089:ISBN
1068:2021
1042:2021
1029:ISBN
881:The
834:The
708:His
677:for
675:sets
588:Muse
537:and
499:and
373:and
271:and
247:and
225:1969
205:alto
195:and
169:.org
152:CIMP
48:Born
3150:doi
3106:doi
2781:doi
2742:doi
2522:NPR
2158:doi
2125:653
1723:doi
1521:doi
887:GTM
872:GTM
860:any
856:GTM
851:GTM
844:GTM
679:Leo
211:of
148:Leo
4067::
3339:.
3314:.
3289:.
3264:.
3239:.
3214:.
3189:.
3166:.
3156:.
3112:.
3100:.
3064:.
3039:.
3013:.
2999:^
2982:.
2954:.
2859:.
2841:.
2812:.
2801:^
2787:.
2775:.
2771:.
2748:.
2738:62
2736:.
2732:.
2702:.
2691:^
2662:.
2637:.
2611:.
2570:.
2545:.
2520:.
2494:.
2469:.
2444:.
2419:.
2393:.
2367:.
2341:.
2315:.
2289:.
2263:.
2237:.
2212:.
2156:.
2152:.
2127:.
2119:.
2115:.
2107:;
2082:.
2056:.
2030:.
2004:.
1961:^
1926:.
1924:37
1894:.
1869:^
1852:^
1837:^
1784:.
1729:.
1721:.
1717:.
1681:^
1666:^
1615:.
1590:.
1565:.
1535:.
1527:.
1517:38
1515:.
1511:.
1485:.
1473:^
1456:.
1396:.
1370:.
1344:.
1318:.
1289:.
1249:^
1232:.
1206:.
1180:.
1154:.
1139:^
1122:.
1110:^
1059:.
992:,
988:,
938:.
777:.
660:.
653:.
620:.
568:,
487:,
483:,
479:,
475:,
471:,
467:,
319:.
267:,
232:LP
215:,
191:,
150:,
146:,
142:,
138:,
134:,
130:,
126:,
86:,
82:,
78:,
74:,
56:)
3430:e
3423:t
3416:v
3350:.
3325:.
3300:.
3275:.
3250:.
3225:.
3200:.
3174:.
3152::
3122:.
3108::
3075:.
3050:.
3025:.
2993:.
2965:.
2916:.
2870:.
2845:.
2824:.
2795:.
2783::
2777:4
2756:.
2744::
2714:.
2673:.
2648:.
2622:.
2581:.
2556:.
2531:.
2505:.
2480:.
2455:.
2430:.
2404:.
2378:.
2352:.
2326:.
2300:.
2274:.
2248:.
2223:.
2198:.
2171:.
2160::
2137:.
2093:.
2067:.
2041:.
2015:.
1986:.
1943:.
1905:.
1795:.
1746:.
1725::
1660:.
1626:.
1601:.
1576:.
1550:.
1523::
1496:.
1467:.
1441:.
1407:.
1381:.
1355:.
1329:.
1300:.
1243:.
1217:.
1191:.
1165:.
1133:.
1104:.
1070:.
1044:.
230:-
52:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.