484:
215:
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33:
439:, which coupled together several "loose ends" in quantum field theory, in an organized manner. As a side effect, both theories also all but required that antimatter be affected by this fifth force in a way similar to anti-gravity, dictating repulsion away from mass. Several experiments were carried out in the 1990s to measure this effect, but none yielded positive results.
462:(BPP) from 1996 through 2002. This program studied a number of "far out" designs for space propulsion that were not receiving funding through normal university or commercial channels. Anti-gravity-like concepts were investigated under the name "diametric drive". The work of the BPP program continues in the independent, non-NASA affiliated
566:); he called such a device a "gravitator". Brown made the claim to observers and in the media that his experiments were showing anti-gravity effects. Brown would continue his work and produced a series of high-voltage devices in the following years in attempts to sell his ideas to aircraft companies and the military. He coined the names
365:
will fall away from the negative matter. He noted that two identical masses, one positive and one negative, placed near each other will therefore self-accelerate in the direction of the line between them, with the negative mass chasing after the positive mass. Notice that because the negative mass acquires negative
260:. Over time the Foundation turned its attention away from trying to control gravity, to simply better understanding it. The Foundation nearly disappeared after Babson's death in 1967. However, it continues to run an essay award, offering prizes of up to $ 4,000. As of 2017, it is still administered out of
364:
Bondi pointed out that a negative mass will fall toward (and not away from) "normal" matter, since although the gravitational force is repulsive, the negative mass (according to Newton's law, F=ma) responds by accelerating in the opposite of the direction of the force. Normal mass, on the other hand,
1079:
Grundgedanken der allgemeinen
Relativitätstheorie und Anwendung dieser Theorie in der Astronomie (Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sitzungsberichte, 1915 (teil 1), 31), Zur allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie (Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sitzungsberichte, 1915 (teil 2), 778–786,
500:
produce a force when twisted that operates "out of plane" and can appear to lift themselves against gravity. Although this force is well understood to be illusory, even under
Newtonian models, it has nevertheless generated numerous claims of anti-gravity devices and any number of patented devices.
341:
Under general relativity, gravity is the result of following spatial geometry (change in the normal shape of space) caused by local mass-energy. This theory holds that it is the altered shape of space, deformed by massive objects, that causes gravity, which is actually a property of deformed space
775:
who claims to have invented a flying boat that uses an "apergent"—a rare metal called "radlum"—to produce controlled apergic force, allowing the vessel to ascend and descend. The inventor describes apergy as "a force obtained by blending positive and negative electricity with ultheic, the third
671:
The
Institute for Gravity Research of the Göde Scientific Foundation has tried to reproduce many of the different experiments which claim any "anti-gravity" effects. All attempts by this group to observe an anti-gravity effect by reproducing past experiments have been unsuccessful thus far. The
662:
reporter
Charles Platt in 1998, the device would create a "force beam" in any desired direction and that the university planned to patent and license this device. No further information about this university research project or the "Gravity Generator" device was ever made public.
380:
may consist of particles outside the
Standard Model whose nature is unknown, their mass is ostensibly known – since they were postulated from their gravitational effects on surrounding objects, which implies their mass is positive. The proposed cosmological
302:
wrote two series of newspaper articles claiming that most of the major aviation firms had started gravity control propulsion research in the 1950s. However, there is little outside confirmation of these stories, and since they take place in the midst of the
474:
There have been a number of attempts to build anti-gravity devices, and a small number of reports of anti-gravity-like effects in the scientific literature. None of the examples that follow are accepted as reproducible examples of anti-gravity.
369:, the total energy of the accelerating masses remains at zero. Forward pointed out that the self-acceleration effect is due to the negative inertial mass, and could be seen induced without the gravitational forces between the particles.
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In 1989, it was reported that a weight decreases along the axis of a right spinning gyroscope. A test of this claim a year later yielded null results. A recommendation was made to conduct further tests at a 1999 AIP conference.
138:
in 1915 considered the physical interaction between matter and space, where gravity occurs as a consequence of matter causing a geometric deformation of space which is otherwise flat. Einstein, both independently and with
290:
General relativity was introduced in the 1910s, but development of the theory was greatly slowed by a lack of suitable mathematical tools. It appeared that anti-gravity was outlawed under general relativity.
337:
spending to only the areas of scientific research with explicit military applications. The
Mansfield Amendment was passed specifically to end long-running projects that had little to show for their efforts.
589:, with government conspiracy theorists and related websites, in books and publications with claims that the technology became highly classified in the early 1960s and that it is used to power UFOs and the
2322:
Cady, W. M. (15 September 1952). "Thomas
Townsend Brown: Electro-Gravity Device" (File 24–185). Pasadena, CA: Office of Naval Research. Public access to the report was authorized on 1 October 1952.
401:, which demonstrated that antimatter follows the same laws of physics as "normal" matter, and therefore has positive energy content and also causes (and reacts to) gravity like normal matter (see
446:
looked for an antigravity effect in an experiment designed to study the energy levels within antihydrogen. The antigravity measurement was just an "interesting sideshow" and was inconclusive.
357:
of general relativity theory and the
Newtonian laws of conservation of linear momentum and energy. Bondi's proof yielded singularity-free solutions for the relativity equations. In July 1988,
393:
Under general relativity any form of energy couples with spacetime to create the geometries that cause gravity. A longstanding question was whether or not these same equations applied to
729:
describes it as "the hypothetical existence of a force, the converse of gravitation, which Astor has named 'apergy,'" in his short story entitled "A Thousand Deaths," first published in
385:, on the other hand, is more complicated, since according to general relativity the effects of both its energy density and its negative pressure contribute to its gravitational effect.
427:(light) carry electromagnetism. Simple attempts along this direction all failed, however, leading to more complex examples that attempted to account for these problems. Two of these,
4639:
600:
Follow-up studies on Brown's work and other claims have been conducted by R. L. Talley in a 1990 US Air Force study, NASA scientist
Jonathan Campbell in a 2003 experiment, and
558:
seemed to change mass depending on its orientation on a balance scale. Through the 1920s Brown developed this into devices that combined high voltages with materials with high
2916:
593:. There is also research and videos on the internet purported to show lifter-style capacitor devices working in a vacuum, therefore not receiving propulsion from ion drift or
541:
412:, a single physical theory that explains the four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong and weak nuclear forces. Scientists have made progress in
2341:
624:, that a fast rotating superconductor reduces the gravitational effect. Many studies have attempted to reproduce Podkletnov's experiment, always to negative results.
206:
where gravity is not a force but the result of the geometry of spacetime. Under general relativity, anti-gravity is impossible except under contrived circumstances.
115:
The possibility of creating anti-gravity depends upon a complete understanding and description of gravity and its interactions with other physical theories, such as
508:
Another "rotating device" example is shown in a series of patents granted to Henry
Wallace between 1968 and 1974. His devices consist of rapidly spinning disks of
318:
and the Glenn L. Martin Company. Another effort in the private sector to master understanding of gravitation was the creation of the Institute for Field Physics,
1158:
2119:
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N. Li; D. Noever; T. Robertson; R. Koczor; et al. (August 1997). "Static Test for a Gravitational Force Coupled to Type II YBCO Superconductors".
323:
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Einstein, Albert (1879-1955). Autograph manuscript, comprising calculations and arguments from the Einheitliche theorie von Gravitation un Elektrizitt
349:
Both general relativity and Newtonian gravity appear to predict that negative mass would produce a repulsive gravitational field. In particular, Sir
285:
764:
512:, a material made up largely of elements with a total half-integer nuclear spin. He claimed that by rapidly rotating a disk of such material, the
361:
presented a paper at the AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 24th Joint Propulsion Conference that proposed a Bondi negative gravitational mass propulsion system.
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3106:
1800:
Hathaway, G.; Cleveland, B.; Bao, Y. (2003). "Gravity modification experiment using a rotating superconducting disk and radio frequency fields".
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in conjunction with his devices. Brown tested his asymmetrical capacitor devices in a vacuum, supposedly showing it was not a more down-to-earth
314:, who formed the Research Institute for Advanced Study. Major newspapers announced the contract that had been made between theoretical physicist
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4448:
1506:
Hayasaka, H. & Takeuchi, S. (1989). "Anomalous weight reduction on a gyroscope's right rotations around the vertical axis on the Earth".
93:"Anti-gravity" is often used to refer to devices that look as if they reverse gravity even though they operate through other means, such as
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rather than being a true force. Although the equations cannot normally produce a "negative geometry", it is possible to do so by using "
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416:, but gravity has remained "the problem" in every attempt. This has not stopped any number of such attempts from being made, however.
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proposed how a time-dependent magnetic field could cause the spins of the lattice ions in a superconductor to generate detectable
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Thomas Valone, Electrogravitics II: Validating Reports on a New Propulsion Methodology, Integrity Research Institute, page 52-58
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of particle physics, which describes all currently known forms of matter, does not include negative mass. Although cosmological
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656:. According to a leaked document from the Office of Technology Transfer at the University of South Carolina and confirmed to
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devices produce thrust along their axis regardless of the direction of gravity consistent with electrohydrodynamic effects.
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became aligned, and as a result created a "gravitomagnetic" field in a fashion similar to the magnetic field created by the
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None of these devices has ever been demonstrated to work under controlled conditions, and have often become the subject of
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Goldberg, J. M. (1992). US air force support of general relativity: 1956–1972. In, J. Eisenstaedt & A. J. Kox (Ed.),
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Tajmar, M.; De Matos, C.J. (2003). "Gravitomagnetic field of a rotating superconductor and of a rotating superfluid".
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element or state of electric energy" and calls apergy a "second phase of gravity," hinting at a third phase as well.
67:. Anti-gravity is a recurring concept in science fiction. Examples are the gravity blocking substance "Cavorite" in
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3200:
2518:
2123:
1777:
Woods, C.; Helme, J.; Cooke, S.; Caldwell, C. (2001). "Gravity modification by high-temperature superconductors".
1056:
Papachristou, Costas J. (2016). "Electromagnetic waves, gravitational waves and the prophets who predicted them".
814:
202:, gravity was an external force transmitted by unknown means. In the 20th century, Newton's model was replaced by
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and gravitoelectric fields in a series of papers published between 1991 and 1993. In 1999, a Miss Li appeared in
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Li, Ning; Torr, DG (1 September 1992). "Gravitational effects on the magnetic attenuation of superconductors".
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proposed in 1957 that negative gravitational mass, combined with negative inertial mass, would comply with the
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For much of the last quarter of the 20th century, the physics community was involved in attempts to produce a
264:, by George Rideout Jr., son of the foundation's original director. Winners include California astrophysicist
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Podkletnov, E; Nieminen, R (10 December 1992). "A possibility of gravitational force shielding by bulk YBa
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Iwanaga, N. (1999). "Reviews of some field propulsion methods from the general relativistic standpoint".
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in a 2004 paper. They have found that no thrust could be observed in a vacuum and that Brown's and other
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17:
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to generate what she described as "AC Gravity." No further evidence of this prototype has been offered.
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2068:"Patent and Copyright Committee List of Disclosures Reviewed Between July 1996 and June 1997 - USC ID"
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Li, Ning; Torr, DG (15 January 1991). "Effects of a gravitomagnetic field on pure superconductors".
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foundation has offered a reward of one million euros for a reproducible anti-gravity experiment.
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Theoretical quantum physicists have postulated the existence of a quantum gravity particle, the
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Jason Palmer, Antigravity gets first test at Cern's Alpha experiment, bbc.co.uk, 30 April 2013
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Li, Ning; Torr, DG (August 1993). "Gravitoelectric-electric coupling via superconductivity".
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47:) is a hypothetical phenomenon of creating a place or object that is free from the force of
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also ran a study effort throughout the 1950s and into the 1960s. Former Lieutenant Colonel
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1312:(How to book 364). Greenwich, CT: Fawcett Publications, pp. 9–10, 137, 139. LCCN 58-001060
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8:
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2422:
1991:
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Tajmar, M. (2004). "Biefeld-Brown Effect: Misinterpretation of Corona Wind Phenomena".
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to study ways to reduce the effects of gravity. Their efforts were initially somewhat "
203:
123:; as of the current year, physicists have yet to discover a quantum theory of gravity.
116:
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1821:
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750:
harnessed, by employing frequency to release the latent force found within all atomic
346:". The same equations do not, of themselves, rule out the existence of negative mass.
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describes "inertron," a substance that falls up. The story was the basis for the
685:
632:
419:
Generally these attempts tried to "quantize gravity" by positing a particle, the
265:
171:
135:
2282:"The Project Gutenberg eBook of Astounding Stories of Super-Science, March 1930"
2018:
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Apergy can also be found in an 1896 article, "Some Truths About Keely," where
489:
435:, both required the existence of an extremely weak "fifth force" carried by a
51:. It does not refer to either the lack of weight under gravity experienced in
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1901:
1161:
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906:
886:
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555:
428:
350:
343:
315:
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214:
140:
1944:
520:. No independent testing or public demonstration of these devices is known.
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4236:
4032:
4027:
3633:
3423:
3380:
3111:
3031:
2971:
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2335:, a NASA paper debunking a wide variety of gyroscopic (and related) devices
1952:
1909:
1586:
1537:
956:
804:
800:
542:
United States gravity control propulsion research § Brown's gravitator
513:
493:: Method and apparatus for generating a secondary gravitational force field
432:
398:
295:
237:
223:
127:
130:
observed an apple falling from the tree in his garden, thus realizing the
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4361:
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3021:
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http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1897-01-17/ed-1/seq-20/
2045:
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649:
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382:
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82:
68:
27:
Idea of creating a place or object that is free from the force of gravity
3912:
1786:
803:
and Albert Einstein investigate apergy. Apergy is also mentioned in the
743:
4580:
4037:
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3531:
3521:
3157:
2911:
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1987:
779:
700:
563:
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59:, or to balancing the force of gravity with some other force, such as
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1742:
1705:
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titled "The Secret of Aerial Flight Revealed," science correspondent
699:
is a fictitious form of anti-gravitational energy first described by
642:
605:
497:
94:
52:
2225:
The New Science Review: A Miscellany of Modern Thought and Discovery
1609:
1552:
1415:
1395:
307:
era, it is not clear how much weight these stories should be given.
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2749:
2675:
2491:
1739:
1677:
1062:
839:
594:
420:
167:
2355:
397:. The issue was considered solved in 1960 with the development of
4356:
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3806:
3501:
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871:
681:
652:
were involved in the development of a "gravity generator" at the
582:
329:
Military support for anti-gravity projects was terminated by the
252:", but they held occasional conferences that drew such people as
48:
793:'s short story "Annus Mirabilis" from the 2006 second volume of
3979:
3957:
2545:
1435:
and Peter van Nieuwenhuizen, Scientific American, February 1978
751:
424:
104:
838:
has space travel based on the gravity-blocking properties of "
2628:
2501:
1550:
1402:
Landis, G.A. (1991). "Comments on Negative Mass Propulsion".
782:'s short story "Cold Light," which appeared in March 1930 in
757:
In an ostensibly non-fictitious article published in 1897 in
509:
256:, known for his frozen-food products, and helicopter pioneer
226:
for research into anti-gravity and partial gravity insulators
56:
1133:
Kaluza, Theodor (1921). "Zum Unitätsproblem in der Physik".
310:
It is known that there were serious efforts underway at the
1553:"Null result for the weight change of a spinning gyroscope"
1455:
455:
443:
279:
276:(2015) who previously won the 1999 Nobel Prize in physics.
32:
2148:
The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction: An Illustrated A to Z
469:
449:
1344:
Bondi, H. (1957). "Negative mass in general relativity".
1505:
1429:
Supergravity and the Unification of the Laws of Physics,
2120:"The Göde award - One Million Euro to overcome gravity"
1776:
1148:
https://archive.org/details/sitzungsberichte1921preussi
767:, D.Sc., visits an unnamed Hindu man masquerading as a
4640:
History of science and technology in the United States
1290:
Studies in the History of General Relativity, Volume 3
1135:
Sitzungsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. (Math. Phys.)
620:
claimed to have discovered, whilst experimenting with
36:
Artistic depiction of a fictional anti-gravity vehicle
1382:
Forward, R. L. (1990). "Negative matter propulsion".
1242:
Mooallem, J. (October 2007). "A curious attraction".
527:
1799:
1292:
Boston, Massachusetts: Center for Einstein Studies.
786:, mentions apergy as the opposite force of gravity.
680:The existence of anti-gravity is a common theme in
2228:. Transatlantic Publishing Company. pp. 321–.
2175:A journey in other worlds. A romance of the future
1690:
578:effect generated by high voltage ion flow in air.
1322:Clarke, A. C. (1957). "The conquest of gravity".
286:United States gravity control propulsion research
4616:
322:in 1956, by Gravity Research Foundation trustee
2122:. Institute of Gravity Research. Archived from
1246:. Vol. 315, no. 1889. pp. 84–91.
1232:, Cambridge University Press. A modern textbook
1193:
2310:"Newtons principle of gravitation apple falls"
2221:
2144:
1834:
1107:, Princeton University Press, 24 October 2017
3928:
2371:
2245:. Adventures Unlimited Press. pp. 221–.
2238:
1551:Nitschke, J. M. & Wilmath, P. A. (1990).
2232:
2215:
2138:
1779:37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit
1055:
1040:A Brief History of Isaac Newton's Apple Tree
423:, that carried gravity in the same way that
105:Historical attempts at understanding gravity
611:
320:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
3935:
3921:
2378:
2364:
1377:
1375:
719:used it in his 1894 science fiction novel
454:During the close of the twentieth century
97:, which fly in the air by moving air with
3942:
2086:
1848:
1061:
641:, claiming to have constructed a working
193:
4347:Atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion
1627:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1339:
1337:
1241:
1205:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
975:
482:
280:General relativity research in the 1950s
213:
31:
2242:Free Energy Pioneer: John Worrell Keely
2201:. New York: Vintage Books. p. 26.
2196:
1599:
1422:
1381:
1372:
1175:An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory
912:Gravitational interaction of antimatter
581:Electrogravitics is a popular topic in
470:Empirical claims and commercial efforts
460:Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Program
450:Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Program
403:gravitational interaction of antimatter
14:
4617:
3122:Writers and Illustrators of the Future
2008:
1965:
1922:
1879:
1655:
1401:
1321:
1132:
170:. Various theoretical explanations of
3916:
2359:
2171:
2092:
1616:
1604:. Vol. 458. pp. 1015–1059.
1343:
1334:
478:
200:Newton's law of universal gravitation
2333:Responding to Mechanical Antigravity
2301:"Newtons discovery of the apple law"
487:A "kinemassic field" generator from
2385:
2044:. light-science.com. Archived from
1032:
990:from the original on 18 August 2010
784:Astounding Stories of Super-Science
629:University of Alabama in Huntsville
24:
4252:Field-emission electric propulsion
2316:
2306:"Newtons principle of gravitation"
528:Thomas Townsend Brown's gravitator
209:
132:principle of universal gravitation
25:
4666:
4326:Microwave electrothermal thruster
2326:
1276:"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1999"
414:unifying the three quantum forces
4598:
3895:
3886:
3885:
2470:Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic
2039:
616:In 1992, the Russian researcher
2291:
2274:
2259:
2190:
2165:
2112:
2093:Platt, Charles (1 March 1998).
2060:
2033:
2002:
1959:
1916:
1873:
1828:
1793:
1770:
1733:
1684:
1649:
1640:
1628:Thompson, Clive (August 2003).
1593:
1544:
1499:
1486:
1473:
1460:
1449:
1438:
1404:Journal of Propulsion and Power
1384:Journal of Propulsion and Power
1315:
1302:
1282:
1268:
1250:
1235:
1219:
1187:
976:Thompson, Clive (August 2003).
388:
268:(1993), who later won the 2006
111:History of gravitational theory
4456:Pulsed nuclear thermal rocket
4352:High Power Electric Propulsion
3847:Science and technology studies
2009:Wilson, Jim (1 October 2000).
1968:Foundations of Physics Letters
1167:
1152:
1126:
1083:
1070:
1049:
1002:
969:
826:
13:
1:
4311:Helicon double-layer thruster
4280:Electrodeless plasma thruster
4275:Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster
2095:"Breaking the Law of Gravity"
1867:10.1016/S0921-4534(02)02305-5
1822:10.1016/S0921-4534(02)02284-0
1764:10.1016/S0921-4534(97)01462-7
1630:"The Antigravity Underground"
1173:Peskin, M and Schroeder, D.;
1010:"On the Verge of Antigravity"
978:"The Antigravity Underground"
963:
740:Clara Jessup Bloomfield-Moore
675:
666:
562:constants (essentially large
174:have been created, including
2197:Haining, Peter, ed. (1976).
1837:Physica C: Superconductivity
1802:Physica C: Superconductivity
1727:10.1016/0921-4534(92)90055-H
1080:799–80) Retrieved 2019-06-16
654:University of South Carolina
355:strong equivalence principle
7:
3391:Space stations and habitats
1579:10.1103/PhysRevLett.64.2115
1530:10.1103/PhysRevLett.63.2701
864:
431:and the relativity related
246:Gravity Research Foundation
126:During the summer of 1666,
10:
4671:
2339:Göde Scientific Foundation
2312:(google > google books)
2172:Astor, John Jacob (1894).
1602:AIP Conference Proceedings
554:found that a high-voltage
531:
333:of 1973, which restricted
283:
229:
108:
4645:Historiography of science
4596:
4513:
4492:
4436:
4383:
4374:
4339:
4293:
4270:Pulsed inductive thruster
4262:
4224:
4215:
4185:
4154:
4111:
4085:
4078:
4015:
3950:
3880:
3837:Museum of Science Fiction
3794:
3782:Christian science fiction
3774:
3746:Self-replicating machines
3707:
3621:
3590:
3494:
3409:
3366:
3357:
3293:
3272:
3236:
3191:
3184:
3135:
2892:
2871:
2864:
2758:
2705:
2698:
2644:
2465:
2458:
2393:
2271:, January 17, 1897, p.18.
2178:. D. Appleton and Company
1366:10.1103/revmodphys.29.423
1346:Reviews of Modern Physics
836:The First Men in the Moon
820:The First Men in the Moon
722:A Journey in Other Worlds
691:
458:provided funding for the
143:, attempted to unify his
74:The First Men in the Moon
4444:Nuclear pulse propulsion
4203:Electric-pump-fed engine
4103:Hybrid-propellant rocket
4093:Liquid-propellant rocket
1902:10.1103/PhysRevB.46.5489
1262:28 December 2012 at the
902:Electrostatic levitation
813:, as being generated by
742:used it to describe the
612:Gravitoelectric coupling
597:being generated in air.
546:In 1921, while still in
262:Wellesley, Massachusetts
188:asymptotic safety theory
4500:Beam-powered propulsion
4473:Fission-fragment rocket
4428:Nuclear photonic rocket
4396:Nuclear electric rocket
4162:Staged combustion cycle
4098:Solid-propellant rocket
3715:Artificial intelligence
3613:Simulated consciousness
2222:J. M. Stoddart (1895).
2145:Peter Nicholls (1979).
1945:10.1103/PhysRevD.43.457
1558:Physical Review Letters
1509:Physical Review Letters
1177:(Westview Press, 1995)
917:Gravitational shielding
312:Glenn L. Martin Company
305:policy by press release
232:Gravitational shielding
45:non-gravitational field
4650:Science fiction themes
4551:Non-rocket spacelaunch
4401:Nuclear thermal rocket
4301:Pulsed plasma thruster
3867:Technology and society
2735:Science Fiction Museum
2269:The San Francisco Call
2239:Theo Paijmans (2004).
1400:; see also commentary
1123:, Retrieved 2019-06-16
1098:John Archibald Wheeler
1046:, Retrieved 2019-07-20
1038:Department of Physics
927:Ion-propelled aircraft
877:Aerodynamic levitation
796:Tales of the Shadowmen
760:The San Francisco Call
494:
270:Nobel Prize in physics
227:
194:Hypothetical solutions
99:electromagnetic fields
37:
4217:Electrical propulsion
3944:Spacecraft propulsion
3466:Organ transplantation
2725:Libraries and museums
2646:Cyberpunk derivatives
2600:Utopian and dystopian
2151:. Unknown Publisher.
1494:U.S. patent 3,823,570
1481:U.S. patent 3,626,605
1468:U.S. patent 3,626,606
846:Philip Francis Nowlan
627:Douglas Torr, of the
552:Thomas Townsend Brown
532:Further information:
490:U.S. patent 3,626,605
486:
335:Department of Defense
217:
190:amongst many others.
35:
4449:Antimatter-catalyzed
4247:Hall-effect thruster
4060:Solar thermal rocket
3817:Fictional technology
3812:Fictional astronauts
3669:Frankenstein complex
2042:"Gravity Conquered?"
1164:Retrieved 2019-06-16
851:Armageddon 2419 A.D.
568:Biefeld–Brown effect
534:Biefeld-Brown effect
410:unified field theory
236:In 1948 businessman
180:loop quantum gravity
161:quantum field theory
159:to link gravity and
4391:Direct Fusion Drive
4306:Vacuum arc thruster
4193:Pressure-fed engine
4172:Gas-generator cycle
4079:Chemical propulsion
4016:Physical propulsion
3857:Speculative fiction
3451:Genetic engineering
2344:31 May 2010 at the
2199:The Fantastic Pulps
1980:1993FoPhL...6..371T
1937:1991PhRvD..43..457L
1894:1992PhRvB..46.5489L
1859:2003PhyC..385..551T
1814:2003PhyC..385..488H
1787:10.2514/6.2001-3363
1756:1997PhyC..281..260L
1719:1992PhyC..203..441P
1670:2004AIAAJ..42..315T
1571:1990PhRvL..64.2115N
1522:1989PhRvL..63.2701H
1456:Tau Zero Foundation
1358:1957RvMP...29..423B
1308:Mallan, L. (1958).
1143:1921SPAW.......966K
1020:on 23 February 2017
937:Magnetic levitation
717:John Jacob Astor IV
576:electrohydrodynamic
503:conspiracy theories
464:Tau Zero Foundation
331:Mansfield Amendment
157:James Clerk Maxwell
4635:History of physics
4630:General relativity
4605:Spaceflight portal
4571:Reactionless drive
4536:Aerogravity assist
4376:Nuclear propulsion
3684:Message from space
3649:Ancient astronauts
3537:Parallel universes
3512:Extrasolar planets
3419:Biological warfare
2541:Parallel universes
2423:Scientific romance
2021:on 5 November 2012
1988:10.1007/BF00665654
1433:Daniel Z. Freedman
1226:Polchinski, Joseph
1201:General Relativity
1044:University of York
952:Reactionless drive
947:Optical levitation
922:Gravitational wave
882:Artificial gravity
810:Aetheric Mechanics
495:
479:Gyroscopic devices
294:It is claimed the
228:
204:general relativity
176:superstring theory
151:using the work of
117:general relativity
38:
4612:
4611:
4566:Atmospheric entry
4521:Orbital mechanics
4488:
4487:
4370:
4369:
4321:Resistojet rocket
4211:
4210:
4186:Intake mechanisms
4119:Liquid propellant
4023:Cold gas thruster
3910:
3909:
3802:Alternate history
3790:
3789:
3751:Simulated reality
3481:Sex and sexuality
3434:Extraterrestrials
3353:
3352:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3175:
2917:Campbell Memorial
2694:
2693:
2563:Planetary romance
2252:978-1-931882-33-0
2158:978-0-246-11020-6
2015:Popular Mechanics
1703:superconductor".
1565:(18): 2115–2116.
1516:(25): 2701–2704.
1244:Harper's Magazine
1212:978-0-226-87033-5
1090:Charles W. Misner
861:and adaptations.
771:somewhere on the
710:Across the Zodiac
648:Douglas Torr and
638:Popular Mechanics
618:Eugene Podkletnov
359:Robert L. Forward
254:Clarence Birdseye
145:theory of gravity
121:quantum mechanics
16:(Redirected from
4662:
4602:
4586:Alcubierre drive
4576:Field propulsion
4526:Orbital maneuver
4514:Related concepts
4381:
4380:
4232:Colloid thruster
4222:
4221:
4083:
4082:
3985:Specific impulse
3937:
3930:
3923:
3914:
3913:
3899:
3889:
3888:
3727:Astroengineering
3659:Evil corporation
3386:Matrioshka brain
3364:
3363:
3303:List of TV shows
3189:
3188:
2869:
2868:
2703:
2702:
2573:Sword and planet
2463:
2462:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2357:
2356:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2272:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2126:on 28 April 2015
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2070:. Archived from
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2040:Cain, Jeanette.
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2017:. Archived from
2011:"Taming Gravity"
2006:
2000:
1999:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1888:(9): 5489–5495.
1877:
1871:
1870:
1852:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1750:(2–3): 260–267.
1737:
1731:
1730:
1713:(3–4): 441–444.
1688:
1682:
1681:
1653:
1647:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1625:
1614:
1613:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1453:
1447:
1442:
1436:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1399:
1379:
1370:
1369:
1341:
1332:
1331:
1319:
1313:
1310:Space satellites
1306:
1300:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1272:
1266:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1239:
1233:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1191:
1185:
1171:
1165:
1156:
1150:
1146:
1130:
1124:
1087:
1081:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1053:
1047:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1016:. Archived from
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
973:
817:technology from
705:sword and planet
585:, anti-gravity,
572:electrogravitics
538:Electrogravitics
492:
324:Agnew H. Bahnson
149:electromagnetism
87:Cities in Flight
65:aerodynamic lift
61:electromagnetism
21:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4615:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4592:
4509:
4484:
4432:
4366:
4335:
4289:
4263:Electromagnetic
4258:
4207:
4198:Pump-fed engine
4181:
4150:
4107:
4074:
4011:
4002:Rocket equation
3968:Reaction engine
3946:
3941:
3911:
3906:
3905:
3876:
3852:Sense of wonder
3786:
3770:
3703:
3699:Xenoarchaeology
3674:Galactic empire
3629:Africanfuturism
3617:
3586:
3490:
3405:
3349:
3289:
3268:
3232:
3172:
3131:
2894:
2888:
2860:
2754:
2690:
2640:
2617:Techno-thriller
2585:Climate fiction
2553:Science fantasy
2507:Anime and manga
2454:
2413:Anthropological
2389:
2387:Science fiction
2384:
2346:Wayback Machine
2329:
2319:
2317:Further reading
2294:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2264:
2260:
2253:
2237:
2233:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2195:
2191:
2181:
2179:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2091:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2007:
2003:
1964:
1960:
1925:Physical Review
1921:
1917:
1882:Physical Review
1878:
1874:
1833:
1829:
1798:
1794:
1775:
1771:
1738:
1734:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1626:
1617:
1610:10.1063/1.57497
1598:
1594:
1549:
1545:
1504:
1500:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1439:
1427:
1423:
1416:10.2514/3.23327
1396:10.2514/3.23219
1380:
1373:
1342:
1335:
1320:
1316:
1307:
1303:
1287:
1283:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1264:Wayback Machine
1257:List of winners
1255:
1251:
1240:
1236:
1224:
1220:
1213:
1195:Wald, Robert M.
1192:
1188:
1172:
1168:
1157:
1153:
1131:
1127:
1088:
1084:
1077:Albert Einstein
1075:
1071:
1054:
1050:
1037:
1033:
1023:
1021:
1008:
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
974:
970:
966:
961:
867:
829:
694:
686:science fiction
678:
669:
633:gravitomagnetic
622:superconductors
614:
544:
530:
488:
481:
472:
452:
391:
288:
282:
274:Gerard 't Hooft
266:George F. Smoot
234:
212:
210:Gravity shields
196:
172:quantum gravity
136:Albert Einstein
113:
107:
43:(also known as
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4668:
4658:
4657:
4655:Fringe physics
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4610:
4609:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4589:
4588:
4583:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4531:Gravity assist
4528:
4523:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4496:
4494:
4493:External power
4490:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4466:Bussard ramjet
4458:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4440:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4398:
4393:
4387:
4385:
4378:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4294:Electrothermal
4291:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4234:
4228:
4226:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4167:Expander cycle
4164:
4158:
4156:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4136:Monopropellant
4133:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4089:
4087:
4080:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4007:Thermal rocket
4004:
3999:
3994:
3993:
3992:
3987:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3960:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3947:
3940:
3939:
3932:
3925:
3917:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3893:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3842:Rubber science
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3822:Future history
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3644:Alien language
3641:
3639:Alien invasion
3636:
3631:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3603:Mind uploading
3600:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3461:Nanotechnology
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3415:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3396:Stellar engine
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3370:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3299:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3197:
3195:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2893:Literary, art,
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2875:
2873:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2650:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2472:
2466:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2405:
2399:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2383:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:KURED Research
2348:
2336:
2328:
2327:External links
2325:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2303:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2273:
2258:
2251:
2231:
2214:
2207:
2189:
2164:
2157:
2137:
2111:
2085:
2059:
2048:on 6 July 2013
2032:
2001:
1974:(4): 371–383.
1958:
1931:(2): 457–459.
1915:
1872:
1843:(4): 551–554.
1827:
1808:(4): 488–500.
1792:
1769:
1732:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1683:
1678:10.2514/1.9095
1664:(2): 315–318.
1648:
1639:
1634:Wired Magazine
1615:
1592:
1543:
1498:
1485:
1472:
1459:
1448:
1437:
1421:
1371:
1352:(3): 423–428.
1333:
1314:
1301:
1281:
1267:
1249:
1234:
1218:
1211:
1186:
1166:
1151:
1125:
1082:
1069:
1048:
1031:
1001:
967:
965:
962:
960:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
892:Casimir effect
889:
884:
879:
874:
868:
866:
863:
848:'s 1928 story
834:'s 1901 novel
828:
825:
791:Chris Roberson
765:Frank M. Close
693:
690:
677:
674:
668:
665:
613:
610:
529:
526:
518:Barnett effect
480:
477:
471:
468:
451:
448:
390:
387:
374:Standard Model
367:kinetic energy
284:Main article:
281:
278:
242:Babson College
230:Main article:
220:Babson College
218:A monument at
211:
208:
195:
192:
153:Theodor Kaluza
109:Main article:
106:
103:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4667:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4595:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4541:Oberth effect
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4512:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4461:Fusion rocket
4459:
4457:
4454:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4429:
4426:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4384:Closed system
4382:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4338:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4316:Arcjet rocket
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4285:Plasma magnet
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4225:Electrostatic
4223:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4178:
4177:Tap-off cycle
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4147:
4146:Tripropellant
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4081:
4077:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4065:Photon rocket
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4055:Magnetic sail
4053:
4051:
4050:Electric sail
4048:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3974:
3973:Reaction mass
3971:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3963:Rocket engine
3961:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3938:
3933:
3931:
3926:
3924:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3892:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3832:Magic realism
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3708:Technological
3706:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3689:Transhumanism
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3664:First contact
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:Psychological
3589:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3562:Teleportation
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3542:Portable hole
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
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3497:
3493:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
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3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
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3454:
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3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
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3417:
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3408:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3368:Architectural
3365:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3265:
3264:Short stories
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3087:Tähtivaeltaja
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
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3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
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2990:
2988:
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2925:
2923:
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2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2534:Space Western
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2519:Space warfare
2517:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2381:
2376:
2374:
2369:
2367:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2321:
2320:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2283:
2277:
2270:
2267:
2262:
2254:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2235:
2227:
2226:
2218:
2210:
2208:0-394-72109-8
2204:
2200:
2193:
2177:
2176:
2168:
2160:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2141:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2074:on 2 May 2014
2073:
2069:
2063:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1876:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1850:gr-qc/0203033
1846:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1796:
1788:
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1523:
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1515:
1511:
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1489:
1482:
1476:
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1463:
1457:
1452:
1446:
1441:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1376:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1340:
1338:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1298:0-8176-3479-7
1295:
1291:
1285:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1253:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1230:String Theory
1227:
1222:
1214:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1183:0-201-50397-2
1180:
1176:
1170:
1163:
1160:
1155:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1121:9780691177793
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1094:Kip S. Thorne
1091:
1086:
1078:
1073:
1064:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1005:
989:
985:
984:
979:
972:
968:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
907:Exotic matter
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
887:Burkhard Heim
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
869:
862:
860:
857:
853:
852:
847:
843:
841:
837:
833:
824:
822:
821:
816:
812:
811:
806:
802:
798:
797:
792:
787:
785:
781:
777:
774:
773:Pacific coast
770:
769:viticulturist
766:
762:
761:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
736:
734:
733:
732:The Black Cat
728:
724:
723:
718:
714:
712:
711:
706:
702:
698:
689:
687:
683:
673:
664:
661:
660:
655:
651:
646:
644:
640:
639:
634:
630:
625:
623:
619:
609:
607:
603:
602:Martin Tajmar
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
556:Coolidge tube
553:
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519:
515:
511:
506:
505:as a result.
504:
499:
491:
485:
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447:
445:
440:
438:
434:
430:
429:supersymmetry
426:
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351:Hermann Bondi
347:
345:
344:negative mass
339:
336:
332:
327:
325:
321:
317:
316:Burkhard Heim
313:
308:
306:
301:
300:Ansel Talbert
297:
292:
287:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
258:Igor Sikorsky
255:
251:
247:
244:) formed the
243:
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225:
222:dedicated to
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141:Walther Mayer
137:
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96:
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83:James Blish's
80:
76:
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66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
34:
30:
19:
4625:Anti-gravity
4603:
4546:Space launch
4478:Fission sail
4406:Radioisotope
4237:Ion thruster
4155:Power cycles
4141:Bipropellant
4033:Steam rocket
4028:Water rocket
3862:Supernatural
3634:Afrofuturism
3547:Space travel
3456:Invisibility
3424:Energy being
3401:Terraforming
3381:Dyson sphere
3376:Colonization
3308:Australasian
3201:Film history
2982:Grand Master
2295:
2292:Bibliography
2276:
2268:
2261:
2241:
2234:
2224:
2217:
2198:
2192:
2180:. Retrieved
2174:
2167:
2147:
2140:
2128:. Retrieved
2124:the original
2114:
2102:. Retrieved
2098:
2088:
2076:. Retrieved
2072:the original
2062:
2050:. Retrieved
2046:the original
2035:
2023:. Retrieved
2019:the original
2014:
2004:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1840:
1836:
1830:
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1801:
1795:
1778:
1772:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1710:
1704:
1686:
1661:
1658:AIAA Journal
1657:
1651:
1642:
1633:
1601:
1595:
1562:
1556:
1546:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1488:
1475:
1462:
1451:
1440:
1428:
1424:
1407:
1403:
1390:(1): 28–37.
1387:
1383:
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1345:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1309:
1304:
1289:
1284:
1270:
1252:
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1229:
1221:
1202:
1199:
1189:
1174:
1169:
1154:
1134:
1128:
1100:
1085:
1072:
1051:
1034:
1022:. Retrieved
1018:the original
1004:
992:. Retrieved
981:
971:
957:Tractor beam
849:
844:
835:
830:
818:
808:
805:Warren Ellis
801:Doctor Omega
794:
788:
783:
778:
758:
756:
737:
730:
720:
715:
708:
703:in his 1880
696:
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679:
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647:
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626:
615:
599:
580:
545:
522:
514:nuclear spin
507:
496:
473:
453:
441:
433:supergravity
418:
407:
399:CPT symmetry
392:
389:Unique force
371:
363:
348:
340:
328:
309:
296:US Air Force
293:
289:
240:(founder of
238:Roger Babson
235:
224:Roger Babson
197:
165:
128:Isaac Newton
125:
114:
92:
85:
81:machines in
72:
44:
41:Anti-gravity
40:
39:
29:
4561:Aerocapture
4556:Aerobraking
4437:Open system
4421:"Lightbulb"
4362:Mass driver
4112:Propellants
4043:Diffractive
3720:AI takeover
3567:Time travel
3527:Inertialess
3517:Force field
3507:Black holes
3476:Prosthetics
3338:Live-action
3107:Translation
3102:Tour-Apollo
2977:Golden Duck
2879:Jules Verne
2745:Women in SF
2710:Conventions
2595:Libertarian
2558:Dying Earth
2529:Space opera
2497:Inner space
2408:Definitions
1137:: 966–972.
1101:Gravitation
932:Heim theory
859:comic strip
856:Buck Rogers
832:H. G. Wells
827:Other terms
727:Jack London
650:Timir Datta
587:free energy
548:high school
437:graviphoton
383:dark energy
378:dark matter
69:H. G. Wells
18:Antigravity
4619:Categories
4581:Warp drive
4411:Salt-water
4129:Hypergolic
4038:Solar sail
3756:Spacecraft
3732:Holography
3598:Group mind
3577:Warp drive
3532:Multiverse
3522:Hyperspace
3411:Biological
3295:Television
3259:Publishers
3237:Literature
3136:Multimedia
3052:Prometheus
2987:Grand Prix
2902:Astounding
2766:Australian
2671:Dieselpunk
2636:Underwater
2435:Golden Age
2296:Criteria:
1410:(2): 304.
1162:Christie's
1113:0691177791
1063:1603.00871
964:References
780:S. P. Meek
748:John Keely
701:Percy Greg
676:In fiction
667:Göde Award
606:ion lifter
591:B-2 bomber
564:capacitors
560:dielectric
498:Gyroscopes
395:antimatter
4124:Cryogenic
3775:Religious
3486:Symbiosis
3471:Parasites
3429:Evolution
3249:Magazines
3226:Tokusatsu
3007:Kitschies
2937:Deutscher
2895:and audio
2872:Cinematic
2826:Norwegian
2816:Hungarian
2776:Brazilian
2686:Steampunk
2681:Solarpunk
2654:Cyberpunk
2624:Tokusatsu
2607:Tech noir
2590:Christian
2568:Superhero
2459:Subgenres
2130:2 January
2104:26 August
2052:5 January
2025:5 January
1996:122075917
1743:Physica C
1706:Physica C
1014:About.com
942:Nazi UFOs
897:Clinostat
735:in 1899.
643:prototype
184:E8 theory
79:Spindizzy
53:free fall
4416:Gas core
3951:Concepts
3891:Category
3761:Tachyons
3608:Psionics
3582:Wormhole
3552:Stargate
3495:Physical
3328:Japanese
3323:European
3318:Canadian
3216:Japanese
3168:Spectrum
3148:Chandler
3082:Sunburst
3077:Sturgeon
3067:Sidewise
3057:Rhysling
3027:Nautilus
2997:Heinlein
2952:Endeavor
2907:Aurealis
2856:Yugoslav
2836:Romanian
2821:Japanese
2806:Estonian
2796:Croatian
2781:Canadian
2750:Worldcon
2720:Fanzines
2676:Nanopunk
2659:Japanese
2524:Military
2492:Grimdark
2487:Feminist
2450:Timeline
2445:New Wave
2342:Archived
2182:11 March
1953:10013404
1910:10004334
1587:10041587
1538:10040968
1330:(6): 62.
1260:Archived
1228:(1998).
1197:(1984).
988:Archived
865:See also
840:Cavorite
815:Cavorite
595:ion wind
442:In 2013
421:graviton
250:crankish
168:graviton
77:and the
4505:Tethers
4357:MagBeam
4242:Gridded
3997:Staging
3990:Delta-v
3807:Fantasy
3795:Related
3766:Weapons
3741:Cyborgs
3502:Ansible
3313:British
3285:Theatre
3097:Tiptree
3072:Skylark
3017:Laßwitz
3002:Ignotus
2992:Harland
2967:Gaughan
2957:FantLab
2922:Chesley
2851:Spanish
2846:Serbian
2841:Russian
2791:Chinese
2786:Chilean
2771:Bengali
2740:Studies
2699:Culture
2666:Biopunk
2514:Mundane
2480:Sitcoms
2440:History
2403:Authors
2395:Outline
1976:Bibcode
1933:Bibcode
1890:Bibcode
1855:Bibcode
1810:Bibcode
1752:Bibcode
1715:Bibcode
1666:Bibcode
1567:Bibcode
1518:Bibcode
1354:Bibcode
1324:Holiday
1139:Bibcode
1105:p. 1231
1024:23 July
994:23 July
872:Area 51
682:fantasy
583:ufology
425:photons
95:lifters
49:gravity
4331:VASIMR
3980:Thrust
3958:Rocket
3901:Portal
3827:Horror
3737:Robots
3694:Uplift
3622:Social
3571:Viewer
3446:Gender
3359:Themes
3254:Novels
3244:Comics
3211:Indian
3153:Dragon
3143:Aurora
3127:Zajdel
3112:Urania
3047:Parsec
3042:Norton
3032:Nebula
3012:Lambda
2972:Geffen
2962:Galaxy
2947:Ditmar
2927:Clarke
2884:Saturn
2865:Awards
2831:Polish
2811:French
2759:Region
2715:Fandom
2612:Spy-Fi
2580:Social
2546:Isekai
2475:Comedy
2249:
2205:
2155:
1994:
1951:
1908:
1585:
1536:
1296:
1209:
1181:
1119:
1111:
807:comic
752:matter
746:force
744:latent
707:novel
697:Apergy
692:Apergy
540:, and
272:, and
4340:Other
4086:State
3872:Weird
3654:Black
3557:Stars
3333:Anime
3280:Opera
3273:Stage
3221:Anime
3206:Films
3185:Media
3163:Seiun
3117:Vogel
3062:SFERA
3037:Nommo
3022:Locus
2932:Crook
2801:Czech
2730:ISFDB
2629:Kaiju
2502:Mecha
2308:>
2099:Wired
2078:2 May
1992:S2CID
1845:arXiv
1058:arXiv
983:Wired
659:Wired
510:brass
147:with
57:orbit
4070:WINE
3739:and
3679:LGBT
3439:List
3345:U.S.
3193:Film
3158:Hugo
2942:Dick
2912:BSFA
2428:Soft
2418:Hard
2247:ISBN
2203:ISBN
2184:2020
2153:ISBN
2132:2014
2106:2021
2080:2014
2054:2014
2027:2014
1949:PMID
1906:PMID
1583:PMID
1534:PMID
1294:ISBN
1207:ISBN
1179:ISBN
1117:ISBN
1109:ISBN
1026:2010
996:2010
684:and
570:and
456:NASA
444:CERN
372:The
186:and
155:and
119:and
3092:TBD
1984:doi
1941:doi
1929:D43
1898:doi
1886:B46
1863:doi
1841:385
1818:doi
1806:385
1783:doi
1760:doi
1748:281
1723:doi
1711:203
1701:7−x
1674:doi
1606:doi
1575:doi
1526:doi
1431:by
1412:doi
1392:doi
1362:doi
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