Human rights in Belarus

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Lukashenko provoked a diplomatic crisis by ... confiscating diplomatic residences the US, German, British, French, Italian, and IMF residences away from those missions ... In addition, Lukashenko used his newly centralized power to repress human rights throughout the country *** Since his election in July 1994 ... Lukashenka has consolidated power steadily in the executive branch through authoritarian means and has dominated all branches of government. He used a non-democratic referendum in November 1996 to amend the 1994 constitution to broaden his powers and illegally extend his term in office. *** In 2004, he engineered a fraudulent referendum that removed term limits on the presidency. *** In 2006, Lukashenka "won" another term in an undemocratic election. In January 2007, he further consolidated his rule through local elections that failed to meet international standards.

2401:(the Hostage Convention); the United Nations Convention Against Torture; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR); the United Nations Convention Against Torture (the Torture Convention); and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Zeltser's and Funk's abduction, detention and mistreatment in KGB captivity was an attempt to coerce the United States to lift sanctions against Lukashenko (and other members of the Belarusian government) and against the Belarusian petrochemical company Belneftekhim (which they owned). Belarus's actions were gross violations of the law of nations and universally accepted norms of the international law of human rights, including laws prohibiting hostage-taking and 738: 3109:"the European Union and the United States of America should maintain travel restrictions for Belarusian officials" and all other member states should adopt similar measures. The UN Special Rapporteur noted that "the opinions and assessments of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Belarus were confirmed and fully shared by the most important European or Euro-Atlantic organizations, namely the OSCE, the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the European Council, the European Parliament, the European Commission and the NATO Parliamentary Assembly", adding: "It is impossible to believe that all these people are wrong or biased." 1432:, detention and imprisonment, Lukashenko's regime conducts arbitrary arrests, detention and imprisonment of individuals for political reasons; while Article 210(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code provides that a search warrant must be obtained before any searches, in practice authorities search residences and offices for political reasons; while Article 43 of the Criminal Procedure Code gives defendants the right to attend proceedings, confront witnesses, and present evidence on their own behalf, in practice these rights are disregarded. Prosecutors are not independent, and that lack of independence renders due-process protections meaningless; prosecutor authority over the accused is "excessive and imbalanced". 2433: 2393:] about the arrests and detention of Mr Zeltser and Ms Funk and the reports of physical mistreatment of Mr Zeltser" and stated that this was inconsistent with Belarus' obligations under international agreements, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the Convention Against Torture and Other Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT). The letter also noted that the charges the KGB brought against Zeltser and Funk "appears to have no basis to it", lacks "any explanation or detail" and "concerns have thus been reported that this is a fabricated charge, created to justify their unlawful detention". 43: 1187:: in 2020, 99.7% of criminal cases resulted in conviction and only 0.3% — in acquittance. This rate is stable for several years. The judicial system is especially severe to people expressing their views: among prosecuted people are journalists, civil activists, people who make political comments and jokes on social networks and put emojis there. Among the most controversial "crimes" are white socks with a red stripe, white and red hair, 70 people arrested in Brest for dancing (some of them were sentenced to 2 years of prison). Opposition leader also experience harsh treatment in the courthouses which is sometimes compared with the 614: 3266:

manipulated elections, and arbitrary decrees. Subsequent presidential elections have not been free or fair, and the 28 September, parliamentary election failed to meet international standards. security forces ... continued to commit numerous human rights abuses. The government's human rights record remained very poor as government authorities continued to commit frequent serious abuses. ... The government failed to account for past politically motivated disappearances . Prison conditions remained extremely poor, and reports of abuse of prisoners and detainees continued.

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of the Main Department for Combating Organised Crime and Corruption (HUBAZiK), as well as members of the judiciary and heads of correctional institutions. Prominent supporters of the Lukashenka regime, such as the director-general of the State news agency BelTA and other propagandists, were also sanctioned. The measures included asset freezes, travel bans, and restrictions on financial transactions. These actions were part of the EU's response to the repression following the 2020 presidential elections and Belarus's involvement in Russia's war against Ukraine.

775:, were jailed and faced politically motivated criminal proceedings. Hundreds of peaceful protesters, including their supporters, were arbitrarily arrested and heavily fined or held in "administrative detention". On 14 August 2020, the European Union imposed sanctions on individual Belarusian officials, after reports of the systematic abuse and torture of Belarusians in a violent crackdown on protesters. The Belarusian security forces beat and detained peaceful protesters, who participated in demonstrations against the official election outcome. 3231:

Belarus's disregard for human rights, the subservience of Belarusian courts to Lukashenko's administration and members of Lukashenko's inner circle, and the use of the Belarusian judiciary as a tool for accomplishing improper political objectives and accommodating the interests of the regime. The United Nations Human Rights Council noted that the Belarusian political system is "incompatible with the concept of human rights". Belarus has been called "the last true remaining dictatorship in the heart of Europe" by the US Secretary of State

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determined to be a habitual violator of international human rights laws and accepted norms of international behavior by the UN, the US, the Organization of Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, the Council of Europe, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the European Council, the European Parliament, the European Commission, and the NATO Parliamentary Assembly. As stated by the UN Special Rapporteur on Belarus, "it is impossible to believe that all these people are wrong or biased".

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political interference are prevalent in the judiciary; the government convicts individuals on false and politically motivated charges, and executive and local authorities dictate the outcomes of trials; the judiciary branch lacks independence, and trial outcomes are usually predetermined; judges depend on executive-branch officials for housing; and the criminal-justice system is used as an instrument to silence human-rights defenders through politically motivated arrests, detention, lack of due process and closed political trials.

497: 1206: 1698:") legal help to the arrested protesters. The amendments were highly criticized by independent lawyers, human rights activists and legal experts. Jurist Sergey Gasoyan claimed that the amendments "question the existence of advocacy as an institution that defends laws, rights and interests of citizens". The amendments were compared with the abolishment of independent advocacy. The law wasn't put up for public discussion, but at least 4,000 people signed the petition against the amendments. 7437:

Council of Europe, and observer status before the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, the Organization Internationale de la Francophonie and the International Labour Organization. FIDH works closely with the European Union, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Organization of American States, United Nations Development Program, World Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.

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that Belarus' human rights record cannot be improved because the human rights violations are consistent with the political nature of the regime." The UN Special Rapporteur states that "Belarus does not respect its obligations under the international human rights instruments to which it has adhered" and reiterates his recommendation "that the Security Council should adopt appropriate measures to ensure the respect by the Republic of Belarus of its legal obligations, including:

2003:) which promoted the women rights in Belarus by withstanding gender discrimination and domestic violence. GP collaborated with the government on legal issues concerning women and hosted the national hot line for victims of domestic violence which took c. 15,000 calls in 10 years. After the court liquidated this organization, its team claimed that the government "doesn't care about the needs of a huge number of women experiencing domestic violence or gender discrimination". 58: 2387:, a Belarusian legal expert and Press Secretary of the Belarus Helsinki Commission, said in an interview: "This is yet another shameful case for the Belarusian judiciary for which more than one generation of Belarusian legal experts will blush." A strongly worded letter from the New York City Bar Association to Lukashenko condemned KGB abuse of Zeltser and Funk and demanding their immediate release. The bar-association letter expressed "great concerned [ 2315:. Immediately after that, massive raids on local Romani people was organized. Up to 40 Romani people were detained. Women were released after night at the police station, but men remained at the police station. One of the released Romani woman said she was told that "men were going to be in jail until we found the criminals." It was later established that the GAI road police officer whose death led to these roundups committed suicide. Minister of interior 3223:" policy with the government of Belarus, limiting access by the government to U.S. government officials at the assistant-secretary level and below and restricting U.S. assistance to the Belarus government. On 19 June 2006, President George W. Bush declared a national emergency in connection with the actions of members of the Belarusian government (including Lukashenko), ordering sanctions against Lukashenko, other members of the Belarusian government and 446: 2379:(the Stalin-era Belarusian KGB detention facility), where they were tortured, denied medication and told they would remain imprisoned indefinitely unless the U.S. lifted sanctions against Lukashenko. Zeltser and Funk were held hostage for 473 days and 373 days, respectively. Their seizure, torture and detention sparked international outrage and significant press coverage (apparently unexpected by Belarusian authorities). 3194:

continues to deteriorate, while the Belarusian authorities continue to ignore concerns raised by the EU and others ... Politically motivated arrests and detentions continue ... The UK and EU continue to raise human rights issues with the Belarusian government by way of regular EU statements, demarches by EU heads of mission in Minsk, and through international organizations including the UN and OSCE.

1945:, offices of trade unions were raided by the police which forced unions to transfer personal information of the union members to the police. Cases of abduction of union representatives on their way to work were reported. In 2021, International Trade Union Confederation claimed that new government regulations can be seen as a "de facto ban on all public assemblies and strikes for unions". 1934:. It enabled to fire employees who served an arrest and who called to strike. A number of reasons for temporarily suspension from work including "calling to stop performing other employees' duties without good reason" were also added. Companies having any "hazardous production facilities" became completely prohibited to strike. Political slogans during strikes became banned entirely. 1275:, a scientist who was jailed on accusations on taking bribes from students' parents, although Amnesty International has stated on their website "His conviction was widely believed to be related to his scientific research into the Chernobyl catastrophe and his open criticism of the official response to the Chernobyl nuclear reactor disaster on people living in the region of Gomel.". 3177:. The European Union also expresses its concern about the denial of access of observers to the trial", and in its 2009 Conclusions it stated: "the Council deeply regrets the recent lack of significant progress in addressing its concerns in the area of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including as regards the crackdown on peaceful political actions ..." 1135:

of the party founders. Another refusal was based on a statement in the party's charter that its members should be "supporters of a Christian worldview". Amnesty International reported cases of pressure to withdraw signatures needed to register a political party by the local authorities and managers (in state organizations). Several activists (including

1438:"Arbitrary arrests, detentions, and imprisonment of citizens for political reasons, criticizing officials, or for participating in demonstrations also continued. Some court trials were conducted behind closed doors without the presence of independent observers. The judiciary branch lacked independence and trial outcomes usually were predetermined". 3098:"to immediately establish a group of legal experts to investigate whether senior officials of the Government of Belarus are responsible for the disappearance and murders of several politicians and journalists and make concrete proposals for their prosecution, in order to bring to an end the impunity enjoyed by those involved in such crimes; 767:, ahead of presidential elections scheduled for 9 August 2020. The organization reported politically motivated prosecutions, intimidation, harassment and reprisals against opposition candidates and their supporters. The Belarusian authorities targeted and intimidated civil society activists and independent media. Two politicians, 3122:(b) About the failure of the Government of Belarus to cooperate fully with all the mechanisms of the Human Rights Council, in particular with the Special Rapporteurs on the situation of human rights in Belarus, while noting the serious concern relating to the continued and systematic violations of human rights in Belarus ... 1665:). At least three other lawyers were disbarred after arrests during protests or comments in the social networks. This practice was criticized as violation of independence of the legal profession. Official reasons of disbarment included "low level of knowledge" and "lack of qualification". Opposition activists and lawyers 2056:'s efforts to gain official registration was blocked by the Ministry of Justice. On 31 January 2005, the Belarusian national anti-pornography and violence commission announced that it would block two gay websites, www.gaily.ru and www.qguis.ru; they were said to contain obscene language and "indications of pornography". 3211:"citizens were unable to choose their government through elections; in a system bereft of checks and balances, authorities committed abuses; and former political prisoners' political rights remained largely restricted while the government failed to account for longstanding cases of politically motivated disappearances." 2123:; therefore Belarus had no LGBT associations. Cases of police raids on gay parties were reported, and LGBT activists were often interrogated in connection with different crimes. One of the activists was beaten in the police station, but the prosecutor's office refused to start an investigation of this case. 1445:

remained a serious problem"; "Police frequently detained and arrested individuals without a warrant"; "authorities arbitrarily detained or arrested scores of individuals, including opposition figures and members of the independent media, for reasons that were widely considered to be politically motivated".

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expression by expanding the definition of "extremism" and by banning dissemination of certain types of information among children under the false pretense of protecting them. International observers recognized some progress during the September parliamentary elections, but called for additional reforms.

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In March 2006 the European Council imposed sanctions on Lukashenko and other members of the Belarusian government, having "deplored the failure of the Belarus authorities to meet OSCE commitments to democratic elections ... and condemned the action of the Belarus authorities ... in arresting peaceful

3104:"to investigate the apparent involvement of senior government officials in international organized crime and illegal arms sales, monitor the international financial cash flows of Belarus and, if necessary, freeze foreign bank accounts of those involved in illicit trafficking, and prosecute criminals." 3089:

The UN Human Rights Council 2007 Report notes that "the Special Rapporteur has encountered, for the third consecutive year, an absolute refusal to cooperate on the part of the Government of Belarus ... all efforts made to engage in constructive dialogue were fruitless"; "the situation of human rights

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The U.S. Department of State and members of the U.S. Congress repeatedly demanded the release of the hostages. World leaders, the European Parliament and international human-rights organizations joined the U.S. call for the immediate release of Funk and Zeltser. Amnesty International issued emergency

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because of "incorrect line spacing" in the documents. During another attempt to register this branch, the ministry requested the additional documents that are not mentioned in the law. One of the refusals got by the Belarusian Christian Democracy cited lack of home or work phones information for some

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On 5 August 2024, the EU Council decided to impose restrictive measures on 28 additional individuals in Belarus due to their involvement in internal repression and human rights violations. These sanctions targeted high-ranking officials in the Ministry of Internal Affairs, including two deputy heads

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The Resolution of the UN General Assembly stated: "he situation of human rights in Belarus in 2007 continued to significantly deteriorate, as documented in the reports of the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the report

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In its 2016 country human rights on Belarus report, the US State Department also stated that there was "discrimination against ... those who sought to use the Belarusian language." "Because the government viewed many proponents of the Belarusian language as political opponents, authorities continued

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Police violence during the protests and the overall conduction of the election caused a wave of harsh criticism from the U.S. and the EU. More than 200 propagandists, state security officers, central election committee staff and other officials were included in sanctions lists of the European Union:

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The US Department of State repeatedly criticized the Lukashenko regime, describing it as "a brutal, authoritarian dictatorship that blatantly ignores human rights and fundamental freedoms". Assessments by the United Nations, the United States and European and Euro-Atlantic organizations demonstrate

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On 10 April 2006, the Council adopted restrictive measures against Lukashenko, the Belarusian leadership and the officials responsible for the violations of international electoral standards and international human-rights law for the crackdown on civil society and democratic opposition, proposing a

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The Special Rapporteur stressed that "present trading relations with Belarus do not grant a better quality of life to Belarusian citizens, but allow President Lukashenko's regime to remain in power by systematically violating human rights and threatening international security" and recommended that

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in Belarus Jonathan Moore commented after their release: "At no time have the Belarusian authorities ever provided any indication that the charges against Mr Zeltser and Ms Funk were legitimate. As a result, I can only conclude that the charges in this case are thoroughly without merit; and are the

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In May 2021, Belarusian parliament amended the laws on the legal profession (law 113-Z issued on 27 May 2021 signed by Lukashenko on 28 May and came into effect on 30 May). The amendments banned individual advocates and law firms (bureaus), making the state-regulated judicial consultations the only

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tells security forces that they can cripple, maim and kill protesters in order to make them understand their actions. This, he says, is justified because anyone who takes to the streets is participating in a kind of guerrilla warfare. In addition, he discussed the establishment of camps, surrounded

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Belarus is subject to US sanctions for "undermining democratic process and constituting an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States". It is also subject to sanctions imposed by the European Union for human rights violations. Belarus has been

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President Alyaksandr Lukashenka secured a fifth term in the October 2015 presidential election, which failed to meet international standards, according to observers from the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). (...) The government was rewarded for the steps it had taken to

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Although the U.S. Department of State repeatedly said that it does not use its citizens as "bargaining chips", many in Belarus still believe that the U.S. made a deal with Lukashenko (inducing him to release the hostages in exchange for IMF credits to Belarus). Appearing on Russian TV network NTV,

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In July 2024, Belarus has freed five political prisoners, including opposition figure Rygor Kastusev, in a rare amnesty amidst continued repression since the disputed 2020 presidential election. While exiled opposition leader Svetlana Tikhanovskaya welcomed the releases, she emphasized the ongoing

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FIDH, headquartered in Paris is a federation of 155 human rights organizations in nearly 100 countries. FIDH coordinates and supports the activities of its member organizations, at the local, regional and international levels and has a consultative status before the United Nations, UNESCO and the

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In the section titled: "Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment" the 2008 US State Dept. Belarus Report noted that while Belarusian law prohibits such practices; Belarusian KGB and other special forces disregard the law with impunity, detainees and demonstrators are

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The UN Special Rapporteur noted that "the political system of Belarus seems to be incompatible with the concept of human rights" and that "the Human Rights Council should either call for the democratization of the political regime and a change in the political behavior of the Government or admit

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Neither Funk nor Zeltser had been lawfully "arrested", "charged", "indicted", "tried" or "convicted" under Belarusian or international law. They were unlawfully seized and held hostage, in violation of international law and Belarusian law. During their detention Funk and Zeltser were subjected to

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The section titled "Denial of Fair Public Trial" noted: "The constitution provides for an independent judiciary; however, the government did not respect judicial independence in practice. Corruption, inefficiency, and political interference were prevalent in the judiciary. There was evidence that

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made 7 attempts to register, Party of freedom and progress — 4 attempts; People's Hramada party was also prevented from registration. The ministry justified all these cases by the reasons that are thought to be artificial and flimsy. For example, the ministry refused to register a local branch of

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Belarus's human rights record since President Lukashenka came to power in 1994 has been poor. A September 2006 report ... by the UN Special Rapporteur ... on Human Rights, was highly critical of the situation. This is one of many reports to cite numerous human rights violations ... The situation

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reported that Yakov Gutman (president of the World Association of Belarusian Jewry) had accused Lukashenko of "personal responsibility for the destruction of Jewish holy sites in Belarus", accusing authorities of permitting the destruction of a synagogue to build a housing complex, demolishing a

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documented 450 evidences of torture, cruel treatment, humiliation, sexual abuse, restricted access to water, food, medical aid and hygiene products. Ban of contacts with lawyers and relatives became a common practice for the arrested. Belarusian authorities acknowledged the receipt of nearly 900

558:, but instead harassed those who challenged their version of events. In July 2021, the authorities launched a campaign against the remaining non-governmental organizations, liquidating at least 270 of them by October, including all previously registered human rights organizations in the country. 1872:

Beginning in 1999, all previously registered trade unions had to re-register and provide the official address of the headquarters (which often includes a business address). A letter from the management is also required, confirming the address (making the fate of the trade union dependent on the

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The section of the Report entitled "Arbitrary Arrest or Detention" noted that although "the law limits arbitrary detention ...the government did not respect these limits in practice authorities continued to arrest individuals for political reasons". It further notes that during 2008 "Impunity

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In December 2010, Belarusian special security forces attacked demonstrators, beat and injured many activists with batons and arrested more than 600 people after a rally in central Minsk to protest the outcome of elections widely seen by Western observers as fraudulent. In their joint statement,

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who is responsible for the registration of new organizations uses double standards for commercial and other non-governmental organizations, including political parties. The former need only a declaration to start operations, the latter have to get a permission. Political associations, including

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The 2008 State Department Belarus Report noted grave, habitual abuses by the Belarusian government of human rights and disregard for the freedoms of speech, press, religion and association. It points out inconsistencies between Belarusian law and court rulings. The 2008 State Department report

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Severe restrictions on the rights to freedom of expression, of association and of peaceful assembly remained in place. The government continued to refuse co-operation with the UN Special Rapporteur on human rights in Belarus. At least four people were executed and four people were sentenced to

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As noted in the 2008 U.S. Department of State Report, while the Belarus Constitution provides for the separation of powers, an independent judiciary and impartial courts (Articles 6 and 60), the government ignores these provisions when it suits its immediate needs; corruption, inefficiency and

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plight of over 1,400 remaining political prisoners, many in critical health. Human rights activists accuse Belarusian authorities of imposing harsh conditions, such as public admissions of guilt, for releasing political prisoners, despite promises to free some detainees from the 2020 protests.

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According to the Centre for Legal Transformation, the ministry is also actively refusing to register non-governmental organizations. In 2009, the ministry declared that the registration process was simplified, but the legal experts of political parties doubted this statement claiming that only

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On 12 June 2009 the Obama administration continued the sanctions against Belarus, pursuant to the "Notice on Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to the Actions and Policies of Certain Members of the Government of Belarus and Other Persons That Undermine Democratic Processes or

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expressed "deep concern about the escalating attacks on the rule of law and the independence of the legal profession in Belarus". In May 2021, ABA's Center for human rights analysed 4 cases of disbarment in Belarus and concluded that these acts represented intimidation, hindrance, harassment,

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insignificant issues were affected. In 2012, the ministry started the procedure of suspension of an NGO citing the wrong capital letter on a stamp ("Dobraya Volya" instead of "Dobraya volya") as one of the reasons; the NGO was soon suspended. In 2011 and 2013, the ministry refused to register

2209:) was closed in February 2004, in what many local Jews believe is a deliberate act of antisemitism to undermine their educational rights and position in society. However, it is not the only educational institution to face closure in Belarus; the last independent university in the nation, the 3246:

ilateral relations cooled following the election of President Lukashenka in July 1994. After the internationally unrecognized November 1996 constitutional referendum, which resulted in the dissolution of Belarus' legitimate parliament and the centralization of power in the executive branch,

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Belarus' human rights friendly rhetoric was not supported by genuine human rights improvements in 2016. The death penalty remains in use. Officials continue to prosecute human rights activists and critical journalists on spurious charges. Legislative amendments further restricted freedom of

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and friend of Lukashenko who was wanted by Interpol for fraud, money-laundering, participation in organized crime and international financial crimes. After landing in Minsk Zeltser and Funk were detained by Lukashenko's guard, according to the U.S. State Department. They were transported to

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The section of the report entitled "Arbitrary Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence" noted that "the law prohibits such actions; however, the government did not respect these prohibitions in practice"; while "the law requires a warrant for searches" the KGB "conducted

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According to its constitution, Belarus is a republic ... In practice, however, power is concentrated in the presidency. Since his election in 1994 as president, Alexander Lukashenka has consolidated his power over all institutions and undermined the rule of law through authoritarian means,

2102:, to be canceled amid threats of violence; foreigners who participated in any related activities would be expelled from the country. In addition, neo-Nazi groups allegedly put pressure on the authorities to cancel the event. Bill Schiller, coordinator of the ILGCN, described the situation: 2424:] by providing Lukashenko the IMF credits, pure and simple; in essence, this is hostage-taking, the practice, which is widespread in Belarus elevated to international level, where Lukashenko is not only sending a political message but demands monetary compensation for human freedom." 1599:

was arrested only to put pressure on him. Amnesty International's Eastern Europe and Central Asia Director Marie Struthers condemned the forced confession of Protasevich and claimed that it was the result of ill-treatment. It was reported that pro-Lukashenko journalist of state-owned

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by barbed wire, where protesters will be detained until the situation calms down. A spokeswoman for the Interior Ministry stamped the audio file as a fake. However, a phonoscopic examination of the audio recording confirmed that the voice on the recording belongs to Karpiankou. The

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These fears were heightened on 16 September 2005 when a bomb was detonated outside a bus stop, injuring two people. On 23 September a bomb was exploded outside a restaurant, wounding nearly 40 people. Muslims are not suspected in the latter attack, which was labeled "hooliganism".

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Belarusian workers are systematically intimidated to leave independent trade unions, members of student independent unions are expelled from universities. In 2021, the leader of the independent REP trade union was forced to leave Belarus after the office was raided by the police.

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adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 17 December 1979. GA res. 34/146 (XXXIV), 34 UN GAOR Supp. (No. 46) at 245, UN Doc. A/34/46 (1979); 1316 UNTS 205; TIAS No. 11081; 18 ILM 1456 (1979) Conclusion Date: 17 December 1979; Entry into Force Date: 3 June

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The UCSJ's representative in Belarus, Yakov Basin, wrote a report detailing the authorities' alleged anti-Semitism. In addition, Yakov Basin said that the authorities were "pretending not to notice anti-Semitic tendencies among bureaucrats, ideologues and leaders of the

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unauthorized searches ... without warrants" with "numerous instances in which authorities searched residences and offices for clearly political reasons". It notes that "he lack of independence of the prosecutor's office rendered due process protections meaningless".

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In its 8 November 2006 Declaration the Council stated that the European Union is "deeply concerned" about imprisonment of political leaders which show the "Belarusian authorities' repeated unwillingness to respect international human rights standards, especially the

3144:’ top Human Rights council passed a resolution that intensified the scrutiny of the human rights abuses committed in Belarus during the peaceful protests. More than 10000 people were arrested during the protest as confirmed by the UN's Special Rapporteur on Belarus. 1854:). Reasons for worsening of the situation included state repression of independent union activity, arbitrary arrests, severe cases of no or restricted access to justice. Belarus have already been among top 10 worst countries in Global Rights Index in 2015 and 2016. 3147:

On 29 June 2022, Anaïs Marin, Special Rapporteur on the human rights situation in Belarus, warned that the deterioration of human rights in Belarus continues to engulf the country in a climate of fear and arbitrary rule. While presenting her annual report to the

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Although Article 25 of the Belarus Constitution prohibits the use of torture, in practice Belarus tortures and mistreats detainees; while Article 26 provides for the presumption of innocence, defendants often must prove their innocence; while Article 25 prohibits

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Jewish observers cite antisemitic statements by legislators and other members of government, and the failure of authorities in Belarus to punish perpetrators of antisemitic crime (including violent crime) as indicators of a policy of antisemitism from the state.

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in the region, as similar practices were allegedly used to discriminate against Jews in the USSR. They are also required to state information about their family and close relatives; this is alleged to be a breach of the constitution. Other countries (such as the

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In a measure which has also reportedly been used against Jewish human-rights organizations, the government announced that any new trade union must contain a minimum of 500 members for it to be recognized. This makes it difficult for new unions to be established.

1512:” the law also provides for public trials; in practice, this was frequently disregarded; "defendants have the right to attend proceedings, confront witnesses, and present evidence on their own behalf; however, in practice these rights were not always respected"; 3119:(a) About the continued use of criminal justice system to silence political opposition and human rights defenders, including through arbitrary detention, lack of due process and closed political trials of leading opposition figures and human rights defenders; 1791:

and 3 other human rights activists organizations issued a statement to "stop demolition of Belarus's civil society", claiming violations of the international obligations of Belarus in the field of freedom of association and expression. On 24 September 2021,

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The government further restricted civil liberties, including freedoms of press, speech, assembly, association, and religion ... Corruption continued to be a problem ... Religious leaders were fined, imprisoned or deported for performing services ...

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was forcibly liquidated by the Supreme Court. The court used materials of some unspecified criminal case (probably with no verdict passed so far) to dissolute the BHC. BHC was the pre-last registered human rights group in Belarus (the last one is

1897:'s governing body issued a report in March 2001 complaining of systematic interference in trade union activities, including harassment and attacks on union assets. Workers who are members of independent trade unions in Belarus have, according to 3215:

Besides that, the US State Department pointed out abuses by the security forces, poor prison conditions, politically-motivated arrests, political interference in the work of the judiciary, restrictions of civil liberties and many other issues.

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Yielding to the demands of the international community, Lukashenko released Funk on 20 March 2009 and Zeltser on 30 June (when a delegation from the U.S. Congress traveled to Belarus to meet with Lukashenko regarding the hostage crisis). U.S.

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International documents reflect that the Belarusian courts that are subject to an authoritarian executive apparatus, routinely disregard the rule of law and exist to rubber-stamp decisions made outside the courtroom; this is tantamount to the

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Dissolved NGOs included "Imena" social and healthcare crowdfunding platform, several human rights activists groups (Center for legal transformation, Human Constanta, Youth Labor Rights, Gender Answer and others), journalists organizations

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ideologue, Eduard Skobelev) had published anti-Semitic books and promoted guns to solve what he termed the "Jewish problem". In 1997, Skobelev was given the title "Honored Figure of Culture" by Lukashenko and put in charge of the journal

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in Minsk was searched with doors being broke, homes of several its journalists were also searched. Coverage of these attacks on independent media by state-run TV channels is considered to be an attempt to intimidate people. According to

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on the site of a historic Jewish cemetery. A website, www.stopthedigging.org (since shut down), was set up to oppose the desecration of the cemetery. The Lukashenko administration also faced criticism on this issue from members of the

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form of provision of advocate services. Ministry of justice was given the right to approve the candidates to presidiums of local bar associations and their heads. It was also noted that one of the amendments could abolish free ("for 1

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churches were greatly affected by the law, since none of these churches own buildings. Protestant organizations have also complained of censorship because of the ban on importing literature without approval by government officials.

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has rated Belarus as "not free" in all of its global surveys since 1998, "Freedom in the World"; the Lukashenko government curtails press freedom, the organization says. State media are subordinate to the president. Harassment and

2118:

Several times the LGBT community were forbidden to hold pride parades in Belarus. Several activists were detained in 2010 while trying to hold a gay pride after its prohibition. In 2011 and 2013, the ministry refused to register

2456:

disappeared. Hanchar and Krasouski disappeared the same day of a broadcast on state television in which President Alexander Lukashenko ordered the chiefs of his security services to crack down on "opposition scum". Although the

7263: 1842:

and their members in the region has been criticized by Amnesty UK, with allegations that authorities have interfered in trade-union elections and that independent trade-union leaders have been dismissed from their positions.

1532:

non-existence of courts as impartial judicial forums. The "law" in Belarus is not mandatory, but optional and subject to discretion. Nominal "law" which, in practice, is not binding is tantamount to the non-existence of law.

565:

has described himself as having an "authoritarian ruling style". Western countries have described Belarus under Lukashenko as "Europe's last dictatorship"; the government has accused the same Western powers of attempting a

5996: 717:

pushed them back. After attack of principal building protesters were violently suppressed. Several hundreds of activists, including several presidential candidates, were arrested, beaten and tortured by the police and the

2365:

One of the more notable examples of the Belarusian government's violation of human rights and international norms was the abduction, unlawful detainment and torture of American attorney Emanuel Zeltser and his assistant,

2051:

organization based in Britain), a gay-rights conference in 2004 was canceled after authorities threatened to arrest those taking part. The country's only gay club, Oscar, was closed in 2000 and in April 1999, the Belarus

1174:

and by the European ECO Forum. The remaining members of the convention voted to give the Belarusian government a chance to cancel the liquidation before 1 December 2021, threatening to suspend its membership otherwise.

2246:

In 2021, Alexander Lukashenko claimed that "the Jews have succeeded in making the whole world bow down to them", which was criticized by the foreign ministry of Israel. The same year, Belarusian government newspaper

712:

The presidential elections of 2010 were followed by opposition protest and its violent crackdown by the police. A group of protesters tried to storm a principal government building, smashing windows and doors before

2284:) was expelled from the country—the third such expulsion in three months. Poland had accused Belarus of persecuting the 400,000 Poles who have been a part of Belarus since her borders were moved westward after the 1255:

called for the immediate release of the protesters (including at least seven opposition presidential candidates) and strongly condemned what they termed the "disproportionate" use of force against demonstrators.

2184:

In March 2004, Gutman announced that he was leaving Belarus for the U.S. in protest at state anti-Semitism. His view was echoed by a July 2005 report by the UCSJ that a personal aide of the President (a former

1779: 1701:

Lawyers of opposition figures reported several violations of law that prevented them to perform their duties. In December 2020, a lawyer was prohibited to be present at a search in his client's home. Lawyer of

954:. All that is left for the believer to do is to be his pathetic petitioner, to behave as a pauper or slave...Religion's promises to give a person everything that he seeks in it are but illusion and deception." 6164: 1077:

was forced to resign after criticism of the police and authorities; his changer Veniamin was considered to be a much more comfortable figure for Lukashenko. The leader of the Roman Catholic church in Belarus

1784: 1542: 555: 2465:

in 2000 has also yielded no results. Copies of a report by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, which linked senior Belarusian officials to the cases of disappearances, were confiscated.

2265:(representing the Polish minority community) was arrested and given a 15-day jail sentence and Lukashenko accused the Polish minority of plotting to overthrow him. The former head of the Union of Poles, 2213:(a secular institution, which received funding from the European Union), was closed in July 2004. Commentators have implied that this may be part of a wider move by Lukashenko to crush internal dissent. 1710:

and later reported that she couldn't see him for a week. Former investigator Yevgeny Yushkevich also wasn't allowed to meet his lawyer for the first 4 days after detention. On 28 April 2021, state-owned

4490: 3258:

demonstrated the subservience of the Belarusian courts to the Lukashenko administration and the private interests of his inner circle, to such an extent that the "courts" in Belarus exist in name only.

5807: 1464:"A 2006 report by the UN special rapporteur on Belarus described the authority of prosecutors as "excessive and imbalanced" and noted "an imbalance of power between the prosecution and the defense". 3169:

visa ban and possible further measures. Common Position 2006/362/CFSP provided that the economic resources of Lukashenko and key Belarusian officials identified for this purpose should be frozen.

3090:

in Belarus constantly deteriorated"; "The Government of Belarus did not consider any of the recommendations made by the Special Rapporteur" and treaty bodies (such as the Human Rights Committee).

1735:

and detention of several activists. This campaign was described as "a total purge on civil society". It was noticed that an attack on NGOs was launched immediately after meeting of Lukashenko and

6826: 1653:, a number of lawyers (advocates) who defended opposition activists were disbarred (deprived of the advocate status) by the commission of the Ministry of justice: Alexander Pylchenko (lawyer of 5190: 2014:

over She left after 3 months over unpaid wages, a lack of provision for accommodation and an inability for her to use her Canadian credit card for transactoons in Belarus due to restrictions.

1302:

in 2000, and continuing incidents of arrest and detention without trial. The State Department has also appealed to Belarus to provide information publicly about individuals who were executed.

2335:

in Belarus, the lack of Belarusian language education and consumer information in Belarusian, all that despite the official status of Belarusian language as a state language besides Russian.

1121:

parties, however, had difficulties to get a permission. The last new party was registered in Belarus in 2000, because later the ministry denied to register new parties for different reasons.

6901:

Dubbed "terrorists arms depot" by the International League for Human Rights, Belarus has a history of close cooperation with and arms sales to rogue states, sponsors of terrorism. See also:

7149: 7834: 7267: 1473:"defense lawyers cannot examine investigation files, be present during investigations, or examine evidence against defendants until a prosecutor formally brought the case to court"; 920:

churches had recently asked the government to repeal a 2002 law which forbade them worshipping from their own homes, although they were members of legally registered religions. The

1085:

In 2021, the authorities organized the "All-Belarus prayer" convincing all confessions to make a prayer. Alexander Lukashenko tried to stop the performance of the religious song "

994: 1035:

who are the descendants of immigrants and prisoners in the 11th and 12th centuries. The administration for Muslims in the country, abolished in 1939, was re-established in 1994.

5591: 5628: 2520:

have been criticizing Belarus and its human rights situation. For most of Lukashenko's tenure, he has been reckoned as leading one of the most repressive regimes in the world.

2370:. On 11 March 2008, Zeltser and Funk were abducted in London by Belarusian KGB agents. Both were drugged and flown to Belarus on a private jet belonging to Boris Berezovsky, a 946:

Religion does not teach a believer to strive to lead a dignified life, to fight for his freedom or against evil and oppression. This is all supposed to be performed for him by

3014: 7570: 1912:

workers (around 9% of total work force) from leaving their jobs at will – change of job and living location will require permission from governors. The law was compared with

574:

has barred Belarus from membership since 1997 for undemocratic voting and election irregularities in the November 1996 constitutional referendum and parliament by-elections.

7507: 1808: 5949: 8488: 8448: 8428: 4745: 5904: 3113:

of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Belarus, which found that systematic violations of human rights continue to take place in Belarus ..."

1317:(a Belarusian opposition movement). According to the report, he was released after two hours after being told that the police operation was directed at "persons from the 6126: 4438: 2461:(KGB) had them under constant surveillance, the official investigation announced that the case could not be solved. The investigation of the disappearance of journalist 2339:

to harass and intimidate academic and cultural groups that sought to promote Belarusian and routinely rejected proposals to widen use of the language," the report said.

8503: 5737: 4887: 6168: 5535: 4701: 1449:

prosecutors and courts convicted individuals on false and politically motivated charges, and that executive and local authorities dictated the outcomes of trials".

4679: 1267:(a pro-democracy party). In a report dated 26 April 2005 Amnesty criticised Belarus for its treatment of dissidents, including a woman imprisoned for publishing a 2398: 1634:. Terrorism can be punishable by death penalty in Belarus, but at least some of the people in the list weren't accused of the appropriate Criminal Code article. 2397:

torture and cruel, inhuman or undignified treatment, in violation of Article 25 of the Belarus Constitution; U.S. law and international treaties, including the

5454: 5062: 4494: 4452: 547: 4394: 519:

violations and persecution of non-governmental organisations, independent journalists, national minorities, and opposition politicians. In a testimony to the

2110:

is moving forwards, this last dictatorship in Europe is trying to push its homosexual community into a 1930s Nazi style concentration camp", says Schiller. "

5021: 4912: 3227:

for "undermining democratic process and constituting an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States".

2181:

and destroying two Jewish cemeteries. According to the report, he was detained by police and taken to a hospital after apparently suffering a heart attack.

2149:) also ask applicants to state their ethnicity on application forms in many cases, although this information is usually used only for statistical purposes. 1591:

Belarusian authorities published a number of videos with detained people confessing and repenting on camera; these video were presumably made under duress.

5811: 202: 4241: 2228:"This is a Jewish city, and the Jews are not concerned for the place they live in. They have turned Babrujsk into a pigsty. Look at Israel - I was there." 7929: 7592: 6609: 2458: 1608: 1569: 1235: 520: 197: 5088: 1830:(BYSOL), a non-profit organization aimed at raising funds to provide financial aid to victims of repression in Belarus, was declared to be "extremist". 1488:

These imbalances of power intensified at the beginning of the year "especially in relation to politically motivated criminal and administrative cases".

6823: 6485: 2273: 2007: 5546: 5194: 3983: 3936:

Note that the "Year" signifies the "Year covered". Therefore the information for the year marked 2008 is from the report published in 2009, and so on.

3066:

improve its still-repressive human rights situation when the European Union and the United States granted the country temporary relief from sanctions.

2304:

which include arbitrary check of documents, phone examination, house inspection without reason. 80% of Romani people in Belarus claim that they faced

7468: 6430: 2249: 1601: 1042:

Muslims (commonly regarded as a non-violent sect) are banned from practicing their faith openly in Belarus, and have a similar status to groups like

6353: 5893: 5879: 5579: 8268: 6217: 5557: 2316: 1774: 2350: 6974: 4647: 4538: 2140:

reported that on some government-job applications, Belarusians are required to state their nationality. This has been cited as evidence of state

2053: 6645: 6538: 6512: 2486: 639:

As of 2017, no other presidential or parliamentary election or referendum held in Belarus since then has been accepted as free and fair by the

4985: 4723: 4296: 4017: 1482:"lawyers found it difficult to call some evidence into question because technical expertise was under the control of the prosecutor's office"; 6766: 5465: 4964: 2059:

In 1999, in an extraordinary conference entitled "The Pernicious Consequences of International Projects of Sexual Education", members of the

483: 6565: 1073:

blocked protesters and random believers in a Roman Catholic church in Minsk for several hours. The leader of the Belarusian Orthodox Church

7961: 6406: 5715: 2342:

Belarus has two official languages, but cases of trials in Russian despite defendants' petitions to use Belarusian language were reported.

2243:

for not keeping Belarus's Jewish population "under control." He also called the Jews "white boned," meaning they do not enjoy menial work.

879:, state-run media made false accusations about the activities of journalists and invented fake evidences of their guilt without any trial. 161: 155: 7175: 7814: 7364: 7338: 5242: 4343: 3278:

which noted "substantial evidence" of the use of torture and mistreatment of suspects during criminal and administrative investigations.

2477:

issued travel bans for five Belarusian officials suspected in being involved in the kidnapping of Zacharanka: Interior Affairs Minister

8133: 2418:

Anatoly Lebedko (Chairman of the Belarusian United Popular Party) said: "Washington was forced to pay ransom for its citizen [

7407: 6301: 5595: 5114: 6855: 6276: 5632: 2320: 2095: 1876:

In 2021, International Trade Union Confederation claimed that the government "continued to deny registration to independent unions".

1332: 384: 4427: 8024: 7758: 7694: 6587:Гарадзенку судзяць за абразу міліцэйскага начальніка. Але тое ж зняважлівае слова часта выкарыстоўвае сам Лукашэнка. Што скажа суд? 4464: 3165:

demonstrators exercising their legitimate right of free assembly to protest at the conduct of the Presidential elections ..."

1861:

criticized the "blatant violation of international labour standards in Belarus" during the annual International Labour Conference.

1751:" Belarusian language courses and "Vedanta vada" organization promoting Indian culture and religion, Belarusian branch of writers' 1719:

and his lawyer Natallia Mackevich who later filed a complaint with the Attorney General about the violation of attorney privilege.

1563:

In January 2021, an audio recording was released in which the commander of internal troops and deputy interior minister of Belarus

7504: 5997:В Беларуси ликвидировали Белорусский Хельсинкский комитет. Это предпоследняя зарегистрированная правозащитная организация в стране 5974: 1494:"y presidential decree all lawyers are subordinate to the Ministry of Justice the law prohibits attorneys from private practice". 8396: 8188: 7949: 7785: 5953: 5388: 4734: 4582: 4453:За паўдня Мінюст ліквідаваў больш за 40 грамадскіх арганізацыяў. Сярод іх – «Бізнес школа ІПМ», Press Club Belarus, «Мова Нанова» 2114:

and other democratic governments of Europe must react to the harassment, persecution and international isolation of human beings.

1847: 550:

after the use of unlawful and abusive force (including firearms) by law enforcement officials during 2020 protests. According to

17: 6880:, G.A. res. 2200A (XXI), 21 UN GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 52, UN Doc. A/6316 (1966), 999 UNTS 171, entered into force 23 March 1976. 5756: 1305:

A report dated 31 August 2005 from Amnesty USA claimed that, in addition to the Polish minority crisis earlier that year, three

8326: 8059: 7934: 7897: 7775: 6007: 4405: 3156:, she pointed to Government policies that have systematically tightened legislation and restricted civil and political rights. 2501: 2120: 1144: 366: 362: 321: 316: 311: 306: 6230: 6206: 6112: 5510: 5288: 2504:, confirmed that it was his unit which had arrested, taken away and murdered Zecharanka and that they later did the same with 866:

which was read by circa 40% of internet users in Belarus was blocked and several its journalists were detained. In July 2021,

456: 6716:

Lukashenka illegally extended his presidential term by "a fraudulent referendum that removed term limits on the presidency".

4219: 4193: 2308:(antigypsyism) by the police which include arbitrary detention, multiple fingerprint registration, confiscation of vehicles. 1744: 1159: 942:, textbooks widely used in Belarusian schools (as of 2002) contain anti-religious views similar to those taught in the USSR: 887: 748: 707: 682: 677: 672: 535: 350: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 7019: 6256:"Jewish leader alarmed at nationality clause in Belarus job applications :: Charter'97 :: News :: 11/05/2004" 1560:

complaints, but no criminal cases were initiated. The authorities instead increased the pressure on human rights activists.

8261: 7966: 5329:"'Use your weapon' Leaked recording implicates Lukashenko in authorizing use of lethal force against Belarusian protesters" 4834: 4114: 2272:

The offices of the Union of Poles were raided on 27 July 2005 in a crisis which came to the surface the previous day, when

1503:"he law provides for the presumption of innocence; however, in practice defendants frequently had to prove their innocence; 397: 331: 6134: 5854: 5843: 5832: 5781: 4863: 2349:

Belarusian language courses was forcibly disbanded. In July 2021, the authorities conducted a search in the office of the

1154:

In July and August 2021, Belarusian Ministry of justice started the procedure of closure of several major NGOs, including

1050:. There have been no major reports of religious persecution of the Muslim community; however, because of the situation in 655:. Senior officials responsible for the organization of elections, including the head of the Central Elections Commission, 5240:

The United Nations Human Rights Council 2007 Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Belarus

3330: 3149: 3130: 1604:

newspaper Lyudmila Gladkaya interrogated the arrested people together with police officers in several confession videos.

912:

Jews are not the only minority who are alleged to have had their human rights violated in Belarus. On 25 March 2004, the

432: 191: 185: 6873: 5757:"Больше контроля, меньше независимости, зеленый свет силовикам. Что меняют поправки в закон об адвокатской деятельности" 4712: 4163: 2253:

accused groups of Belarusian Jews of attempts to destabilize the situation in the country with the help of Jews abroad.

1595:

looked battered on his confession video and had cuts or bruisings on his wrists. It was assumed that Roman's girlfriend

1147:; therefore Belarus had no LGBT associations. Human rights organizations also fail to register, so the long-established 8533: 8346: 8221: 7981: 7753: 7226: 7111: 5726: 5499:Журналист‑следователь. Корреспондент «СБ. Беларусь сегодня» Людмила Гладкая допрашивает задержанных вместе с силовиками 4098: 172: 62: 57: 4552: 3101:

to "finance ... assistance to the human rights defenders who have been politically harassed, oppressed or prosecuted";

8371: 7839: 7819: 7580: 7362:

The United Nations Human Rights Council Reports of the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Belarus

7136: 6634: 5356: 3204: 2153: 1968:, at least two of the detained persons were charged with high treason (article 356 of the Criminal Code of Belarus). 1894: 1858: 1279: 1231: 476: 167: 5866:Адвокат Сергея Тихановского подала жалобу в Генеральную прокуратуру по поводу публикации записи разговора с клиентом 5653: 5066: 1082:

was banned from returning to Belarus from Poland for several months and was forced to resign soon after the return.

8597: 8592: 7533: 6497:«У министра нет ни повода, ни оснований просить извинения у цыган. Понятно?» Шуневич объяснил задержания в Могилеве 5716:

Statement of Patricia Lee Refo, president, American Bar Association Re: Independence of legal profession in Belarus

4583:"Belarusian Baptists were fined and their propriety confiscated :: Charter'97 :: News :: 29/07/2004" 1797: 524: 7238: 6056: 737: 8561: 8458: 8453: 8254: 7494: 1923:, several companies attempted to start a strike, but was met with brutal repression. In 2021, three employees of 1573: 871: 412: 80: 7227:

Council Regulation Concerning Restrictive Measures Against President Lukashenko and Certain Officials of Belarus

6334: 1411:

As of 3 July 2021, number of political prisoners recognized by Viasna rose to 529; as of 22 February — to 1078.

8214: 7770: 7707: 3914: 2239:

In 2015, Lukashenko made another comment during a three-hours-long TV address, criticizing the governor of the

2210: 1964:

that workers who reveal the ways of bypassing the sanctions would be put in jail for a long time. According to

1732: 1429: 1122: 1117: 907: 6613: 5300: 5048: 4608: 1086: 8566: 8418: 8039: 6598:Могилевчанин Володар Цурпанов: Сталкиваешься с тем, что твое белорусскоязычие воспринимается как враждебность 6165:"В Трудовой кодекс внесли изменения: разрешили увольнять за отбытие «административки» и призывы к забастовке" 5092: 3909: 3887: 2935: 1827: 1815: 1770: 1728: 1314: 1200: 1148: 427: 6890:

The United Nation's Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

6534: 5915: 4416: 3995: 1611:

started to put Belarusian citizens on the list of terrorists (without court's decision). The first two were

1580:

in the days from August 13 to 15, 2020. Many of those detained there are said to have been brought from the

8571: 7904: 7792: 7687: 7381: 7150:"Belarus: UN Human Rights Council must take strong action on escalating human rights crisis in the country" 6856:

The United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

2166: 469: 422: 417: 344: 6508: 4913:"Belarus: Justice Ministry files lawsuit seeking the closure of the Belarusian Association of Journalists" 1313:

were detained while visiting Belarus. The activists were detained on 24 August with Uladimir Kobets, from

8518: 8178: 8078: 7545: 4999: 2206: 1864:

In recent years, trades unions in the country have been subject to a variety of restrictions, including:

1324:

The following activists and political leaders have been declared political prisoners at different times:

407: 142: 7555: 4938: 2432: 2331:

Members of the Belarusian-speaking minority of Belarus has been complaining about discrimination of the

8408: 8311: 8183: 7939: 7924: 7829: 7499: 3897: 2186: 2060: 1788: 1405: 622: 543: 402: 374: 7301: 7288: 6717: 6073:

The ILO's condemnation of Belarus is unequivocal – but so is China and Russia's support for Lukashenko

5664: 5276: 5191:"Belarusian authorities are forcing political prisoners to publicly repent to be freed, activists say" 4267: 4087: 3275: 2043:. One notable parade was staged in 2001, when presidential elections were held. However, according to 1630:. As of May 2021, the number of Belarusian people in the list was 37, including a Belarusian-American 8423: 7976: 7846: 5357:"Кто говорил про "лагерь для острокопытных" на слитой аудиозаписи? Мы получили результаты экспертизы" 5115:"WHY IS ALES BIALIATSKI IN JAIL? | Belarus: Civil society under attack | Freeales.fidh.net" 5010: 4627:"Forum 18 Archive: BELARUS: Ahmadiyya Muslims among banned religious organisations – 4 November 2003" 2714: 2517: 2402: 2269:, was later given a second sentence for allegedly beating one of his cell-mates (a claim he denies). 2262: 2072: 1760: 1521:"courts often allowed information obtained from forced interrogations to be used against defendants". 1163: 1079: 795: 225: 126: 6994: 5488:

Raman Pratasevich forced televised ‘confession’ amounts to ill-treatment, Amnesty International said

1112:

The constitutional right of freedom of associations is not always implemented in practice. In 2013,

8551: 8498: 8473: 8331: 8019: 7763: 7748: 5629:"Лаевский: В Беларуси адвоката могут в любой момент лишить лицензии за мнение по правовым вопросам" 4024: 2354: 2301: 1992: 1957: 1942: 1935: 1924: 1920: 1793: 1686: 1650: 1548: 1264: 1158:, the oldest continuously operating organization in Belarus (founded in 1988, registered in 1991), 1155: 1101:

published a cartoon depicting Roman Catholic priests as Nazis wearing swastika instead of crosses.

1066: 1065:

In 2020, the government pressed on major religious groups after they condemned violence during the

856: 741: 598: 539: 220: 6773: 6730: 5905:Улады Беларусі ліквідавалі Бізнес-школу ІПМ. Яна ладзіла форум, у якім удзельнічалі ўрад і Нацбанк 4756: 4372: 1901:, been arrested for distributing pamphlets and other literature and have faced losing their jobs. 1641:

called to murder 20–100 opposition activists as a revenge for deaths of state security officials.

1271:

poem. Another political prisoner who has been in jail for four years (June 2001 – August 2005) is

8528: 8478: 8438: 8391: 8386: 8376: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8336: 8321: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8090: 7956: 7887: 7738: 7680: 7081: 6752: 5616: 4691:"Вы подняли руку на Христа": как белорусские православные стали частью протестов, а церковь - нет 4680:Карикатура, которая будет дорого стоить: как белорусский режим делает из католиков врагов. Мнение 3133:

to take strong action for conducting an investigation into the escalating human rights crisis in

2525: 2220:

In 2007, Belarus president Lukashenko made an anti-Semitic comment about the Jewish community of

2205:

The only Jewish higher-education institute in Belarus (the International Humanities Institute of

2199: 1807:

The authorities also dissolved the major union of entrepreneurs "Perspektiva" and eliminated the

1685:

fully supported the authorities and called lawyers "not to go to politics". On 2 March 2021, the

1058:

concerns have been expressed by Belarusian Muslims that they may become increasingly vulnerable.

975: 971: 870:

news site was blocked with simultaneous detention of the editors took place. Editorial office of

534:". In response, the Belarusian government called the assessment "quite far from reality". During 73: 42: 8556: 8523: 8513: 8493: 8483: 8468: 8463: 8443: 8413: 8381: 8366: 8341: 8277: 8014: 7918: 7550: 6072: 3902: 2023: 1283: 959: 931: 389: 7615: 7058: 6790: 6280: 6207:В Беларуси задерживают рабочих, которые заявляли о забастовках на своих предприятиях – "Вясна" 5264:

concerning restrictive measures against President Lukashenko and certain officials of Belarus.

2500:

published a documentary film in which Yury Garavski, a former member of a special unit of the

1661:), Yuliya Levanchuk, Lyudmila Kazak (lawyer of Maria Kalesnikava), Sergey Zikracki (lawyer of 8508: 8433: 8403: 8173: 8158: 8148: 8105: 7909: 7882: 7743: 7361: 7345: 7115: 7034: 6979: 6889: 6306: 5239: 4795: 4351: 3991: 3880:

List of people and organizations sanctioned in relation to human rights violations in Belarus

3349: 3174: 3126: 3056: 1678: 1552: 1536: 1209:

Europe holds the greatest concentration of abolitionist states (blue). Map current as of 2017

1113: 982: 880: 810: 789: 755: 729:

they were banned from entering the EU and their assets in the EU, if any, were to be frozen.

551: 137: 120: 7415: 6902: 6807: 6032: 5738:Экспресс-бюллетень законодательства Республики Беларусь за период с 27 мая по 2 июня 2021 г. 5216: 4702:РПЦ сменила главу Белорусской православной церкви, призывавшего Лукашенко остановить насилие 1916:

by Lukashenko himself. Similar regulations were introduced for the forest industry in 2012.

8153: 8100: 8064: 7971: 7892: 7802: 7575: 7565: 7447: 6192: 6148:Жлобинский суд вынес решение по делу о забастовке на БМЗ, когда на заводе остановились печи 6113:"Pańszczyzna u Łukaszenki. Prezydent Białorusi chce zakazać kołchoźnikom odchodzić z pracy" 5782:Павел Сапелко о возможных изменениях в закон об адвокатуре: "Это дискриминация чистой воды" 5118: 3419: 3296: 3220: 2593: 2178: 2157: 1961: 1393: 1343: 852: 817: 768: 633: 629: 582: 578: 562: 505: 261: 248: 109: 104: 98: 7250: 6842: 6748: 5693: 5328: 5032: 4790: 8: 8115: 8110: 8049: 7944: 7865: 7667: 7650: 5511:"КГБ за полгода внес в список террористов уже 37 беларусов. Кто они и в чем их обвиняют?" 3274:

subjected to beating. The State Department references the 2 September 2008 Report of the

3189:

The UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office June 2008 Release on Belarus Human rights stated:

2745: 2332: 2297: 1851: 1801: 1763: 1707: 1690:

improper interference with lawyers' functions and undermined the rule of law in Belarus.

1662: 1383: 1358: 1353: 1090: 844: 799: 764: 531: 379: 33: 7662: 7645: 6597: 5444:«Человек был готов на все, чтобы это прекратилось». Адвокат — о «разоблачительных» видео 4468: 4428:Разгром "Свободы". Белорусские СМИ и соцмедиа – об очередной волне обысков у журналистов 3961: 1681:. Head of Belarusian Republican Bar Association and member of the Belarusian parliament 1637:

On 1 October 2021, general and member of the lower chamber of the Belarusian parliament

8207: 8143: 8125: 8002: 7877: 7824: 7780: 7715: 7640: 7176:"UN approves motion on enhanced scrutiny of alleged human rights violations in Belarus" 7089: 6358: 5795: 5704: 4518:"Forum 18 Archive: BELARUS: Religious freedom survey, December 2004 – 16 December 2004" 4439:

Belarus: Sweeping closure of dozens of NGOs as the crackdown on civil society continues

3041: 2995: 2490: 2478: 2353:, and in August the Ministry of Justice applied for liquidation of this society in the 1953: 1811:

which was thought to be a revenge of Lukashenko for the writers' independent position.

1716: 1682: 1564: 1378: 1260: 1227: 1136: 927: 504:

of 1918 and 1991–1995 has become a symbol of the opposition to the regime of president

243: 7603: 7598: 6915: 6255: 5536:

Detained journalist Roman Protasevich: From teen activist to Belarusian regime bugbear

5022:

Minsk police detain girl with white-red dyed hair. She gets hefty fine for ‘picketing’

4661: 4586: 3207:, as of 2016 the main human rights problems of Belarus continued to be the following: 613: 8168: 8044: 7851: 7394: 7318: 6646:ТБМ через неделю могут ликвидировать, а вместе с ним газеты «Новы час» и «Наша слова» 6084: 5760: 5301:"Belarus authorities criticised over tape discussing internment camps for protesters" 4641: 4532: 4137: 3276:

International Federation of Human Rights (FIDH) on Conditions of Detention in Belarus

2084: 1756: 1752: 1703: 1674: 1658: 1627: 1592: 1388: 1338: 1306: 1272: 1171: 1116:

characterized Belarusian legislation on registration of NGOs as "over-prescriptive".

1074: 891: 760: 571: 131: 7635: 6019: 5261: 4626: 4517: 1166:. The liquidation of the oldest green group in Belarus, Ecohome (Executive Director 8230: 8163: 8031: 7528: 7264:"Belarus: EU lists further 28 individuals for participation in internal repression" 5514: 5164: 4215: 4189: 3919: 3232: 2462: 2453: 2371: 2285: 2011: 1996: 1982: 1695: 1677:) were arrested in September 2020 and recognized as prisoners of conscience by the 1631: 1299: 1295: 916:

reported that a ban exists on home worship in the country and that members of four

913: 656: 527: 6444: 6033:

2021 ITUC Global Rights Index: COVID-19 pandemic puts spotlight on workers’ rights

5985: 5498: 5476: 4049: 1398: 496: 8138: 7511: 7368: 7137:

The Resolution of the UN General Assembly on Situation of human rights in Belarus

6936: 6877: 6830: 6098: 5246: 2846: 2445: 1712: 1654: 1348: 1328: 1287: 1252: 1248: 1184: 1005: 876: 848: 772: 660: 618: 590: 501: 7625: 7620: 6380: 5455:

Belarus airs more footage of detained activist as family call it ‘hostage’ video

4690: 4383: 4110: 1097:) warning Catholic priests not to perform it. In 2021, an official newspaper of 8235: 7733: 7560: 7201: 6953: 6731:"Belarusian Authorities Hold American Lawyer Hostage. MSNBC (9 September 2008)" 5443: 4965:"Belarus gets 'diplomatic slap on the wrist' by falling afoul of UN convention" 4864:"СВОБОДА АССОЦИАЦИЙ И ПРАВОВОЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ НЕКОММЕРЧЕСКИХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ В БЕЛАРУСИ" 4018:"Opening Statement by Dr. Condoleezza Rice, Senate Foreign Relations Committee" 3141: 2505: 2497: 2482: 2470: 2449: 2146: 2088: 2068: 1736: 1638: 1556: 1368: 1291: 1205: 1070: 986: 967: 922: 829: 825: 648: 644: 602: 450: 356: 6975:"16 Years of Silence: Enforced Disappearances in Belarus Must Be Investigated" 6431:

As Lukashenko Ramps Up Antisemitism, Will Putin Save the Last Jews of Belarus?

5547:Враг режима Лукашенко. Кто такой Роман Протасевич и что известно о его девушке 1543:

Human rights issues related to the suppression of the 2020 Belarusian protests

1259:

Belarus has come under attack from Amnesty International for its treatment of

8586: 7464: 7038: 6916:"ABC News: US Lawyer Imprisoned in Belarus on Widely Denounced Charges Freed" 6870: 6657: 6407:"Belarus president raps Jewish governor for not keeping Jews 'under control'" 6320: 5421: 3300: 3071: 2474: 2367: 2266: 2137: 2029: 1850:

listed Belarus among top 10 worst countries for working people in the world (

1616: 1167: 1131: 1047: 998: 805: 719: 652: 567: 7371:

of 2006 E/CN.4/2006/36 of 16 January 2006, and 2007 (GE.07-10197 (E) 190107)

5938:Белорусские власти ликвидировали "Згуртаванне беларусаў свету "Бацькаўшчына" 1908:

In 2014 Lukashenko announced the introduction of new law that will prohibit

1873:

management). Any organization which fails to do so is banned and dissolved.

1727:

On 14 July 2021, Belarusian authorities launched an attack on Belarus-based

6445:Милиционер рассказал, как в Могилеве годами «отрабатывают» цыганские районы 5796:Сергей Гасоян: Существование адвокатуры как института ставится под сомнение 4560: 4268:"BELARUS: GROWING CRACKDOWN ON HUMAN RIGHTS AHEAD OF PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION" 4242:"Belarus: Full-scale attack on human rights ahead of presidential election" 3892: 3224: 2384: 2305: 2240: 2141: 1839: 1596: 1373: 1098: 1032: 947: 821: 6954:"Emanuel Zeltser – NTV "Крестный Батька Лукашенко" (God-Daddy Lukashenko)" 6678: 6568:. US Department of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. 2017 5880:

Without ‘Any Guarantees’ For Safety, Independent Belarusian Media Carry On

5558:Историк: Генералу Белоконеву нравятся методы, которые использовали нацисты 5366: 4816:Эксперты: процедура регистрации партий в Беларуси реально не была упрощена 4417:

RFE/RL Raided As Belarusian Police Search Offices And Homes Of Journalists

2202:". He also reported on openly anti-Semitic books published by the Church. 1537:

Dealing with demonstrators and planned construction of concentration camps

1408:

listed two political prisoners detained in Belarus, down from 11 in 2016.

8246: 8095: 7988: 7572:

ILGA – threats from Belarusian regime force organisers to cancel festival

6496: 6147: 5865: 4746:

Belarus church denounces anti-Catholic cartoon depicting priests as Nazis

4735:Смотрите, нарветесь – Лукашенко предостерег от молитвы под «Магутны Божа» 4167: 4166:. Press Service of the Council of Europe. 17 January 1997. Archived from 2346: 2098:

reported that the Belarusian authorities forced a gay cultural festival,

1949: 1931: 1748: 1670: 1043: 963: 714: 7630: 6193:

Putin and Lukashenko meet as Belarus intensifies crackdown on opposition

5417:"Detained Belarusian Protesters Describe August Stay In Internment Camp" 5416: 4986:

99.7% of verdicts handed down by Belarusian courts in 2020 were ‘guilty’

4384:В Беларуси двум журналисткам дали реальные сроки в отместку за их работу 2312: 2083:) and abortion. One priest reportedly called for all homosexuals to be " 1547:

Several violations of human rights were reported after the beginning of

1151:

is the only registered organization in this area on the national level.

7728: 7253:(2974th External Relations Council meeting, Brussels, 17 November 2009) 6871:

The United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

6696: 4791:

WHAT IS NOT PERMITTED IS PROHIBITED. SILENCING CIVIL SOCIETY IN BELARUS

4724:

Pope accepts resignation of Minsk Archbishop and appoints Administrator

2376: 2048: 1965: 1938:

characterized these amendments as making firing employees much easier.

1666: 1363: 1104:

In 2023, Freedom House rated Belarus’ religious freedom as 1 out of 4.

1009: 917: 867: 833: 586: 6892:(adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 1975 (resolution 3452 ) 6858:(adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 1975 (resolution 3452 ) 5926: 5855:Адвоката Марию Колесова-Гудилину не пускают в СИЗО к клиенту 4-ый день 5580:Адвоката Людмилу Казак лишили лицензии, она защищала Марию Колесникову 5487: 5466:

Belarus TV shows activist Roman Protasevich calling protests ‘useless’

5277:Доклад Amnesty International 2020/21 Права человека в современном мире 2323:

called for investigation of mass roundups of Roma people in Mahilioŭ.

1455:" judges depended on executive branch officials for personal housing". 7333: 7331: 6749:"Belarusian authorities hold American lawyer Emanuel Zeltser captive" 6460: 5894:

Belarus NGOs condemn government crackdown after ‘black week’ of raids

5568: 5142:"List of political prisoners | The Human Rights Center "Viasna"" 5141: 3079: 2036: 1930:

On 28 May 2021 a law 114-Z was published that changed the Belarusian

1766:

was dissolved by order of Supreme Court of Belarus on 9 August 2021.

1581: 1268: 1188: 1127: 1039: 1001: 840: 7642:

Jews get by in Belarus, but they feel the authorities' watchful eyes

6843:

Multilateral International Convention Against the Taking of Hostages

4073: 1987:

On 28 September 2021, during the government-led attack on NGOs (see

798:

have been ranking Belarus below all other European countries in its

7672: 7530:

Belarus ranked 16th worst ranked country on RSF Press Freedom index

6586: 6218:Верховный суд ликвидировал международное ОО «Гендерные перспективы» 4815: 3242:

The 2008 U.S. Department of State Background Note: Belarus states:

2221: 2173: 2044: 1747:

and Press Club Belarus), several cultural organizations including "

1318: 1139:) were imprisoned for "the activity of unregistered associations". 1051: 1013: 990: 939: 725:

Lukashenko criticized the protesters, accusing them of "banditry".

7328: 6509:"Беларусы супраць дыскрымінацыі роднай мовы на заканадаўчым роўні" 6472:После убийства милиционера ночью в Могилеве прошла облава на цыган 6354:"BELARUS JEWS STAY CALM IN FACE OF PRESIDENT'S ANTI-SEMITIC SLURS" 4395:

Belarus blocks top news site in ‘full-scale assault’ on free press

832:

have been arrested for their work. Independent printed media like

7703: 7495:

UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Belarus

7241:. 14890/06 (Presse 307) P 129 (OR. en) Brussels, 8 November 2006. 6471: 5833:Адвоката вытолкали из квартиры клиента в момент проведения обыска 5305: 3134: 2232:

The comment provoked active criticism from Jewish leaders and in

2099: 2080: 1913: 1909: 1731:(NGOs) which resulted in dissolution of nearly 40 of them by the 1028: 667:

Lukashenko's official election results at presidential elections

512: 5975:С культурой как с колхозом. Лукашенко мстит писателям за письмо? 5844:Адвокат Протасевича Инесса Оленская не видела клиента уже неделю 4835:"Как власти 20 лет подряд отказывают в регистрации новых партий" 2440:, reminding about the disappearances of oppositionals in Belarus 2319:

refused to apologize to the Romani community for this incident.

1960:

were detained. Their detention was connected with the threat of

6998: 6231:"What is wrong with human rights in sport: the case of Belarus" 6130: 5950:"В Беларуси закрыли объединение предпринимателей "Перспектива"" 5937: 5393: 5361: 5333: 4297:"EU moves toward Belarus sanctions after crackdown on protests" 3153: 2437: 2277: 2233: 2161: 2111: 2107: 2064: 1898: 1577: 1055: 1024:

were fined and threatened with confiscation of their property.

1017: 863: 7289:

UK Foreign Office 27 June 2008 Release on Belarus Human rights

7139:(adopted by the General Assembly, 20 March 2008, A/RES/62/169) 5675: 5569:Адвокатов Александра Пыльченко и Юлию Леванчук лишают лицензии 3295:

The following chart shows Belarus's ratings since 1991 in the

2032:

in 1994; however, homosexuals face widespread discrimination.

1282:

issued a report on 14 April 2005 expressing concern about the

759:

documented clampdown on human rights, including the rights to

7723: 7652:

Belarus aide leaves country in protest at state anti-semitism

7239:

Declaration by the Presidency on behalf of the European Union

7069: 5011:

When Wearing The Wrong Socks Or Dancing Is A Crime In Belarus

4322: 2281: 2076: 2040: 1612: 1585: 1310: 1234:

and Belarus were the only two of the 56 member states of the

1021: 7505:

Amnesty International's Key Human Rights Concerns In Belarus

6277:"Problems of Xenophobia and Anti-Semitism in Modern Belarus" 5289:

Repression Rages in Belarus, Targeting Ever More Lawyers Too

2383:

alerts on the "torture and other ill-treatment" of Zeltser.

2311:

On 16 May 2019, GAI road police officer was found dead near

1823:— The Legal Initiative, which is under of liquidation too). 7500:

FIDH website to inform about political prisoners in Belarus

7469:"Country and Territory Ratings and Statuses, FIW 1973-2022" 6635:Власти ликвидировали курсы белорусского языка "Мова нанова" 2160:

and human-rights groups for building a football stadium in

1226:

Belarus is the only European country that continues to use

640: 6755:

from the original on 15 December 2021 – via YouTube.

6610:"В Минске судят Беляцкого: судья отклонил два ходатайства" 6486:

Belarus: Mass Roundups of Roma People Must Be Investigated

6302:"Anti-Semitism in Belarus is thriving, says Jewish leader" 6008:Фонд BYSOL объявлен в Беларуси экстремистской организацией 5389:"OSCE demanding release of political prisoners in Belarus" 577:

Dozens of Belarusian government officials responsible for

7020:

Belarus: How death squads targeted opposition politicians

6384: 5808:"В Беларуси упраздняется институт независимой адвокатуры" 2420: 2389: 951: 7202:"Belarus 'engulfed in fear', Human Rights Council hears" 6718:

The 2009 US Department of State Background Note: Belarus

6085:"Working internationally – What we do – UNISON National" 5165:"Belarus frees five political prisoners in rare amnesty" 4888:"The Ministry of Justice wants to liquidate the NGO BNF" 4344:"Belarus - Country report – Freedom in the World – 1998" 2511: 2326: 1183:

Belarusian judicial system is characterized by the high

5986:Режим Лукашенко ликвидировал Союз белорусских писателей 2399:

International Convention Against the Taking of Hostages

2236:; Lukashenko subsequently sent a delegation to Israel. 978:) have encountered difficulty in registering churches. 890:, Press Club Belarus and Belarusian branch of writers' 7664:

Neo-Nazis continue attacking Belarusian oppositionists

6995:"USA, EU declare Belarus officials personas non grata" 2360: 2010:

terminated her contract with Belarusian football team

1572:

expressed its concern about the remarks. According to

7632:

Belarus lawmakers protest destruction of Jewish sites

7029: 7027: 4713:

Belarusian Catholic Leader Returns After Forced Exile

2154:

Union of Councils for Jews in the Former Soviet Union

1927:

were imprisoned for attempting to organize a strike.

1241: 836:

have been excluded from state distribution networks.

6833:(as amended on 24 November 1996 and 17 October 2004) 6566:"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016" 1286:(and possible execution) of the political activists 883:

condemned attack on NGOs by Belarusian authorities.

7669:

Minsk Neo-Nazis March To Commemorate Fallen Comrade

7593:

n:Poland accuses Belarus of human rights violations

6052: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6040: 4406:В Беларуси обыски у журналистов издания "Наша Нива" 2459:

State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus

1995:

forcibly liquidated the "Gender Perspectives" NGO (

1570:

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe

1236:

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe

521:

United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations

7448:"Notice on Continuation of the National Emergency" 7024: 6866: 6864: 6335:"Last independent university shut down in Belarus" 5654:Еще два адвоката не прошли внеочередную аттестацию 5262:Council Regulation (EC) No 765/2006 of 18 May 2006 4216:"Belarus jails 600 activists over election unrest" 4190:"Protesters try to storm government HQ in Belarus" 4099:Belarus Authorities ‘Purge’ Human Rights Defenders 3080:International criticism of human rights in Belarus 3025:45,7 points (Rank 88, Insufficient Moral Freedom) 546:rose dramatically to 1062 as of 16 February 2022. 542:, the number of political prisoners recognized by 7647:Lukashenko aide continues anti-semitic publishing 7595:Poland accuses Belarus of human rights violations 7302:"The 2008 US Department of State Background Note" 6658:"Emanuel Zeltser. American Russian Law Institute" 4624: 4515: 1715:published a part of private conversation between 1418: 8584: 6560: 6558: 6556: 6461:Human rights defenders: Crime has no nationality 6037: 4448: 4446: 7582:Global Gayz – Belarus News and Reports, 2004–05 6861: 6824:Constitution of the Republic of Belarus of 1994 6426: 6424: 6127:"In chase of upgrade: serfdom for woodworkers?" 6068: 6066: 6064: 4786: 4784: 1576:, such a camp was indeed used near the town of 621:introduced by Alexander Lukashenko following a 6791:"Rynkevich Interview. Belapan (1 August 2008)" 6535:"Дыскрымінацыя беларускай мовы па-гарадзенску" 5043: 5041: 5000:No, the terror in Belarus is not going to stop 4782: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4164:"Belarus suspended from the Council of Europe" 3252:U.S. State Department Background Note: Belarus 2261:On 3 August 2005, an activist working for the 894:were revoked as a part of attack on NGOs (see 659:, were subject to international sanctions for 8262: 7688: 7463: 6553: 6440: 6438: 5279:(Amnesty International 2020/21 report), p. 79 4443: 1706:couldn't see her client for 4 days after his 1263:, including those from the youth wing of the 477: 6746: 6421: 6061: 5592:"Адвоката Сергея Зикрацкого лишают лицензии" 5437: 1238:to have carried out executions during 2011. 1069:. On 26 August 2020, Belarusian riot police 7562:Gay and lesbian websites blocked in Belarus 7382:"Rice: Russia's future linked to democracy" 7112:"Amnesty International - BELARUS 2016/2017" 6099:"Lukashenka promises "serfdom" in villages" 5927:Stop demolition of Belarus's civil society! 5889: 5887: 5775: 5038: 4858: 4856: 4761: 4646:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4537:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4083: 4081: 4069: 4067: 530:labeled Belarus as one of the world's six " 8276: 8269: 8255: 7695: 7681: 7086:World Report 2017 - Belarus Events of 2016 6903:Washington Post "Belarus's Terrorist Ties" 6435: 5727:Belarus: Analysis of Arbitrary Disbarments 5257: 5255: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5229: 4092: 3303:. A rating of 1 is "free"; 7, "not free". 1602:Sovetskaya Belorussiya – Belarus' Segodnya 484: 470: 7535:Freedom House ranks Belarus as "Not Free" 6456: 6454: 6452: 6228: 4675: 4673: 4671: 2321:International Federation for Human Rights 2096:International Lesbian and Gay Association 2006:In 2023, female Canadian football player 1333:International Federation for Human Rights 1107: 926:reported in a 21 April 2005 article that 701: 6639: 6481: 6479: 6188: 6186: 5884: 5751: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5188: 4995: 4993: 4939:"Belarus Moves to Shut Down PEN Belarus" 4853: 4373:Freedom House 2023, Retrieved 2023-04-25 4078: 4064: 3984:"Human rights by country – Belarus" 2431: 2427: 2126: 1204: 736: 612: 495: 7251:European Council conclusions on Belarus 6202: 6200: 6159: 6157: 6155: 5875: 5873: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5665:Illia Salei is a prisoner of conscience 5562: 5503: 5252: 5226: 5089:"Countries – Amnesty International USA" 4208: 3290: 2502:Belarusian Ministry of Internal Affairs 1848:International Trade Union Confederation 783: 732: 14: 8585: 7776:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic 7552:Asylum seeker wins, but still detained 6449: 6351: 6229:Constanta, Human (29 September 2023). 5705:Независимость адвокатуры – под угрозой 5272: 5270: 5162: 5033:Death sentences and executions in 2011 4668: 4135: 3884:Belarusian human rights organisations 1948:In September 2021, several workers of 1644: 1335:and head of Viasna Human Rights Centre 981:In 2003 Protestant groups accused the 901: 554:, the authorities did not investigate 8250: 7676: 7557:Belarus gays parade in election fever 7035:"Freedom in the World 2017 - Belarus" 6476: 6183: 5916:Улады ліквідавалі Беларускі ПЭН-цэнтр 5791: 5789: 5742: 5694:Белорусские юристы нуждаются в защите 5004: 4990: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4811: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4222:from the original on 23 December 2010 4196:from the original on 20 December 2010 4136:Mulvey, Stephen (10 September 2001). 3962:"Essential Background – Belarus" 2512:Ranking by human rights organizations 2452:together with his business associate 2327:Discrimination of Belarusian speakers 2169:and Jewish organizations in Belarus. 2017: 1988: 1745:Belarusian Association of Journalists 1194: 1160:Belarusian Association of Journalists 974:(such as those unaffiliated with the 895: 888:Belarusian Association of Journalists 749:2020 Belarusian presidential election 708:2010 Belarusian presidential election 536:2020 Belarusian presidential election 7702: 7617:Protests over Belarus Jewish graves. 7567:Orthodox Church organises homophobes 6197: 6152: 5870: 5680: 4323:"Reporters Without Borders: Belarus" 4050:"At-a-glance: 'Outposts of tyranny'" 2493:from the Belarus Interior Ministry. 2296:Former police officer reported that 997:that they had been accused of being 958:The organization also reported that 608: 7408:"2008 Human Rights Report: Belarus" 7339:"The UN Rapporteur Belarus Reports" 6115:(in Polish). Gazeta Wyborcza. 2014. 5267: 4757:Freedom House, Retrieved 2023-04-25 4728: 4156: 4088:BELARUS: "YOU ARE NOT HUMAN BEINGS" 3150:United Nations Human Rights Council 3131:United Nations Human Rights Council 2631:Not free (aggregate score: 17/100) 2625:Not free (aggregate score: 20/100) 2619:Not free (aggregate score: 21/100) 2613:Not free (aggregate score: 19/100) 2607:Not free (aggregate score: 19/100) 2601:Not free (aggregate score: 11/100) 2414:result of extra-legal motivation." 2361:Government-sponsored hostage-taking 2152:Belarus has been criticized by the 1880:High minimum-membership requirement 1833: 1722: 1673:(the latter was a former lawyer of 24: 7229:((EC) No 765/2006 of 18 May 2006.) 6381:"Belarus president 'anti-Semitic'" 5786: 5617:Еще трех адвокатов лишили лицензии 4967:. Politico Europe. 21 October 2021 4820: 4802: 4144:. British Broadcasting Corporation 4138:"Profile: Europe's last dictator?" 4117:from the original on 27 April 2006 3954: 2485:, Minister for Sports and Tourism 1242:Political dissidents and prisoners 1178: 1170:), was condemned by 46 members of 851:were imprisoned for two years for 816:Under the authoritarian president 813:of independent media are routine. 25: 8609: 7989:Union State of Russia and Belarus 7488: 5365:. 25 January 2021. Archived from 4662:"Blast wounds 40 in Belarus city" 4023:. 18 January 2005. Archived from 3988:Amnesty International Report 2007 3219:The United States is pursuing a " 3205:United States Department of State 3184: 3159: 3084: 2725:Repressed (58.1, world rank 108) 1976: 1895:International Labour Organization 1859:International Labour Organization 1755:, IPM business school Belarusian 1280:United States Department of State 765:peaceful assembly and association 7457: 7440: 7430: 7400: 7388: 7374: 7355: 7311: 7294: 7282: 7256: 7244: 7232: 7220: 7194: 7168: 7142: 7130: 7104: 7074: 7063: 7052: 7013: 6987: 6967: 6946: 6929: 6908: 6895: 6883: 6849: 6836: 6817: 6800: 6783: 6759: 6747:cfcartwright (12 January 2009). 6740: 6723: 6710: 6689: 6671: 6650: 6628: 6602: 6591: 6580: 6527: 6501: 6490: 6465: 6409:. Times of Israel. 30 April 2015 6399: 6373: 6352:Siegel, Matt (22 October 2007). 6345: 6327: 6313: 6295: 6269: 6248: 6222: 6211: 6141: 6119: 6105: 6091: 6077: 6026: 6012: 6001: 5990: 5979: 5968: 5942: 5931: 5920: 5909: 5898: 5859: 5848: 5837: 5131:, Why Ales Bialiatski is in jail 5035:Amnesty International March 2012 4553:"John Mark Ministries – Belarus" 3198: 3074:Freedom in the World 2016 Report 2256: 2177:former shul in order to build a 2079:" practices (such as the use of 1798:World Association of Belarusians 623:controversial referendum in 1995 525:United States Secretary of State 444: 398:Belarus–European Union relations 192:All-Belarusian People's Assembly 186:All-Belarusian People's Assembly 56: 41: 7627:President Lukashenko: in quotes 7395:Emergency Executive Order 13405 7266:. 5 August 2024. Archived from 6697:"Boris Berezovsky Backgrounder" 5826: 5800: 5731: 5720: 5709: 5698: 5669: 5658: 5647: 5621: 5610: 5584: 5573: 5551: 5540: 5529: 5492: 5481: 5470: 5459: 5448: 5409: 5381: 5349: 5321: 5293: 5282: 5209: 5189:Karmanau, Yuras (8 July 2024). 5182: 5156: 5134: 5107: 5081: 5055: 5026: 5015: 4979: 4957: 4931: 4905: 4880: 4839:Новости Беларуси | euroradio.fm 4750: 4739: 4717: 4706: 4695: 4684: 4654: 4618: 4601: 4575: 4559:. 2 August 2003. Archived from 4545: 4509: 4483: 4457: 4432: 4421: 4410: 4399: 4388: 4377: 4366: 4336: 4315: 4289: 4260: 4234: 4182: 4111:"Profile: Alexander Lukashenko" 3299:reports, published annually by 2291: 2131: 1574:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 1031:live in Belarus, mostly ethnic 1020:with patients at a hospital in 989:against them, telling Poland's 886:In July 2021, registrations of 872:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 433:Belarus–United States relations 7771:Belarusian Democratic Republic 7754:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 6767:"Amnesty International alerts" 4664:. BBC News. 23 September 2005. 4218:. BBC News. 21 December 2010. 4192:. BBC News. 20 December 2010. 4129: 4103: 4074:Political prisoners in Belarus 4042: 4010: 3976: 3940: 3932: 3915:Day of Solidarity with Belarus 2211:European Humanities University 2075:of encouraging "perversion", " 1729:non-governmental organizations 1555:, human rights experts of the 1419:Extrajudicial use of judiciary 1215: Abolished for all crimes 1123:Belarusian Christian Democracy 1118:Ministry of Justice of Belarus 908:Freedom of religion in Belarus 13: 1: 7950:Presidential Security Service 7786:Annexation of Western Belarus 7622:Belarus digs up Jewish graves 6279:. FSU Monitor. Archived from 6057:2021 ITUC Global Rights Index 4841:(in Russian). 9 November 2020 3948: 3910:Belarusian democracy movement 3888:Belarusian Helsinki Committee 3314: 2936:Freedom of the Press (report) 1828:Belarus Solidarity Foundation 1816:Belarusian Helsinki Committee 1785:Belarusian Human Rights House 1771:Belarusian Helsinki Committee 1201:Capital punishment in Belarus 1149:Belarusian Helsinki Committee 962:Protestant churches (such as 595:subject to personal sanctions 7935:Ministry of Internal Affairs 7605:Belarus-Poland row escalates 5163:Murphy, Matt (3 July 2024). 3849: 3832: 3815: 3798: 3781: 3764: 3747: 3730: 3713: 3696: 3679: 3662: 3645: 3628: 3611: 3594: 3577: 3560: 3543: 3526: 3509: 3492: 3475: 3458: 3441: 3424: 3405: 3388: 3371: 3354: 3335: 3116:and expressed deep concern: 3015:World Index of Moral Freedom 636:. He won 80.3% of the vote. 7: 7898:Central Election Commission 4113:. BBC News. 20 March 2006. 4052:. BBC News. 19 January 2005 3873: 3028:Insufficient Moral Freedom 2444:In 1999 opposition leaders 2351:Belarusian Language Society 2207:Belarusian State University 1971: 1809:Union of Belarusian Writers 1298:in 1999 and the journalist 1221: Retains death penalty 1012:reported in July 2004 that 862:In May 2021, top news site 778: 413:Belarus–Lithuania relations 351:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 10: 8614: 7517: 3964:. Human Rights Watch. 2005 3898:Viasna Human Rights Centre 3850: 3833: 3816: 3799: 3782: 3765: 3748: 3731: 3714: 3697: 3680: 3663: 3646: 3629: 3612: 3595: 3578: 3561: 3544: 3527: 3510: 3493: 3476: 3459: 3442: 3425: 3406: 3389: 3372: 3355: 3336: 3287:Institutions in Belarus". 2518:human rights organizations 2061:Belarusian Orthodox Church 2039:parades have been held in 2021: 1980: 1789:Viasna Human Rights Centre 1708:detention in Minsk airport 1615:Telegram channel founders 1540: 1406:Viasna Human Rights Centre 1198: 905: 787: 746: 705: 556:violations during protests 544:Viasna Human Rights Centre 8542: 8284: 8201: 8124: 8086: 8077: 8010: 8001: 7873: 7864: 7810: 7801: 7714: 7600:Polish chief jailed again 7577:Failure of Gay Pride 2000 7547:Gay Times country profile 7082:"Belarus: Events of 2016" 7059:Freedom in the World 2021 5217:"Constitution of Belarus" 2715:Index of Economic Freedom 2403:state-sponsored terrorism 2073:World Health Organization 2000: 1094: 796:Reporters Without Borders 428:Belarus–Ukraine relations 7930:State Security Committee 7878:Administrative divisions 7749:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 7412:U.S. Department of State 6808:"Bar Association Letter" 5249:(GE.07-10197 (E) 190107) 3925: 2355:Supreme Court of Belarus 1993:Supreme Court of Belarus 1958:Byelorussian Steel Works 1943:2020 Belarusian protests 1925:Byelorussian Steel Works 1921:2020 Belarusian protests 1794:Supreme Court of Belarus 1687:American Bar Association 1651:2020 Belarusian protests 1549:2020 Belarusian protests 1309:from the youth movement 1265:Belarusian Popular Front 1156:Belarusian Popular Front 857:anti-Lukashenko protests 742:2020 Belarusian protests 599:United States of America 423:Belarus–Russia relations 418:Belarus–Poland relations 238:Administrative divisions 173:House of Representatives 8598:Human rights by country 8593:Human rights in Belarus 8278:Human rights in Europe 8055:International sanctions 7739:Principality of Polotsk 7319:"Executive Order 13405" 6937:"Jonathan Moore Letter" 6683:www.moscowtelegraph.com 6341:. London. 28 July 2004. 4625:Forum 18 News Service. 4516:Forum 18 News Service. 3331:President/Head of State 3125:On September 17, 2020, 2508:and Anatol Krassouski. 2469:In September 2004, the 2300:has informal rules for 1889:Systematic interference 1814:On 1 October 2021, the 976:Russian Orthodox Church 408:Belarus–China relations 301:Parliamentary elections 168:Council of the Republic 18:Antisemitism in Belarus 8327:Bosnia and Herzegovina 8134:Awards and decorations 7587:Polish minority crisis 7510:17 August 2013 at the 6133:. 2012. Archived from 5676:Давление и запугивание 3994:. 2007. Archived from 3903:We Remember Foundation 3402:Stanislav Shushkevich 3385:Stanislav Shushkevich 3368:Stanislav Shushkevich 3280: 3255: 3213: 3196: 3140:On 18 September 2020, 3077: 3062: 3047: 2441: 2230: 2116: 2024:LGBT rights in Belarus 1868:Unregistered union ban 1826:In December 2021, the 1800:which worked with the 1223: 1108:Freedom of association 956: 839:In February 2021, two 744: 702:December 2010 election 625: 515:is criticized for its 508: 403:Belarus–NATO relations 363:Diplomatic missions of 267:Presidential elections 7744:Principality of Turov 7384:. CNN. 20 April 2005. 7154:Amnesty International 7116:Amnesty International 6980:Amnesty International 6307:World Jewish Congress 4796:Amnesty International 4275:Amnesty International 4246:Amnesty International 3992:Amnesty International 3863:Alexander Lukashenko 3846:Alexander Lukashenko 3829:Alexander Lukashenko 3812:Alexander Lukashenko 3795:Alexander Lukashenko 3778:Alexander Lukashenko 3761:Alexander Lukashenko 3744:Alexander Lukashenko 3727:Alexander Lukashenko 3710:Alexander Lukashenko 3693:Alexander Lukashenko 3676:Alexander Lukashenko 3659:Alexander Lukashenko 3642:Alexander Lukashenko 3625:Alexander Lukashenko 3608:Alexander Lukashenko 3591:Alexander Lukashenko 3574:Alexander Lukashenko 3557:Alexander Lukashenko 3540:Alexander Lukashenko 3523:Alexander Lukashenko 3506:Alexander Lukashenko 3489:Alexander Lukashenko 3472:Alexander Lukashenko 3455:Alexander Lukashenko 3438:Alexander Lukashenko 3350:Stanislav Shushkevich 3263: 3244: 3209: 3191: 3175:right to a fair trial 3127:Amnesty International 3063: 3057:Amnesty International 3048: 3033: 2526:major freedom indices 2481:, Prosecutor General 2435: 2428:Forced disappearances 2226: 2127:Ethnic discrimination 2104: 2001:Гендерные перспективы 1679:Amnesty International 1553:Amnesty International 1208: 1164:Belarusian PEN centre 1114:Amnesty International 983:government of Belarus 944: 881:Amnesty International 790:Censorship in Belarus 761:freedom of expression 756:Amnesty International 740: 616: 583:forced disappearances 579:political repressions 552:Amnesty International 499: 8189:World Heritage Sites 7657:Neo-Nazi allegations 7367:22 July 2011 at the 6983:. 18 September 2015. 6101:. Charter '97. 2014. 5245:22 July 2011 at the 4609:"globalsecurity.org" 4589:on 23 September 2015 4471:on 27 September 2007 4348:www.freedomhouse.org 3420:Alexander Lukashenko 3297:Freedom in the World 3291:Historical situation 3261:Salient points are: 3221:selective engagement 2594:Freedom in the World 2298:Belarusian militsiya 2280:diplomat working in 2179:multi-story car park 1962:Alexander Lukashenko 1821:Pravovaya iniciativa 1761:Nobel Prize laureate 1394:Syarhei Parsyukevich 1344:Uladzimir Nyaklyayew 1331:, Vice President of 1080:Tadevuš Kandrusievič 818:Alexander Lukashenko 784:Freedom of the press 769:Syarhei Tsikhanouski 733:August 2020 election 634:President of Belarus 630:Alexander Lukashenko 563:Alexander Lukashenko 506:Alexander Lukashenko 110:Alexander Lukashenko 81:Constitutional court 8543:States with limited 7793:Republic of Belarus 7418:on 26 February 2009 7182:. 18 September 2020 7156:. 17 September 2020 7001:. 28 September 2008 6876:5 July 2008 at the 6829:6 June 2009 at the 6679:"VLADLENA BRUSKOVA" 5095:on 28 December 2005 5051:. 13 November 2000. 4563:on 23 December 2004 3998:on 12 December 2007 3309:Historical ratings 2746:Press Freedom Index 2528: 2333:Belarusian language 2094:In August 2004 the 2063:reportedly accused 1852:Global Rights Index 1802:Belarusian diaspora 1764:Svetlana Alexievich 1733:Ministry of justice 1663:Katsyaryna Andreeva 1649:After the start of 1645:Pressure on lawyers 1384:Mikalay Autukhovich 1359:Zmicier Dashkievich 1354:Paval Sieviaryniets 1261:political prisoners 993:information agency 950:forces, above all, 902:Freedom of religion 845:Katsyaryna Andreeva 820:, journalists like 800:Press Freedom Index 668: 548:Several people died 532:outposts of tyranny 34:Politics of Belarus 8040:Telecommunications 7835:Biosphere Reserves 7781:Western Belorussia 7090:Human Rights Watch 6359:The Jerusalem Post 5369:on 2 February 2021 3042:Human Rights Watch 2996:Polity data series 2839:(Global rank: 124) 2834:(Global rank: 151) 2829:(Global rank: 144) 2824:(Global rank: 152) 2819:(Global rank: 151) 2814:(Global rank: 151) 2809:(Global rank: 154) 2804:(Global rank: 151) 2799:(Global rank: 154) 2794:(Global rank: 168) 2789:(Global rank: 157) 2784:(Global rank: 157) 2779:(Global rank: 157) 2774:(Global rank: 157) 2769:(Global rank: 153) 2764:(Global rank: 155) 2760:(Global rank: 153) 2755:(Global rank: 153) 2750:(Global rank: 158) 2523: 2496:In December 2019, 2491:Dmitry Pavlichenko 2442: 2121:LGBT organizations 2106:While the rest of 2028:Belarus legalized 2018:Sexual orientation 1954:Belarusian Railway 1857:In June 2021, the 1838:The situation for 1717:Sergei Tikhanovsky 1565:Mikalai Karpiankou 1379:Alyaksandr Kazulin 1228:capital punishment 1224: 1195:Capital punishment 1145:LGBT organizations 1137:Zmitser Dashkevich 928:non-denominational 753:In June 2020, the 745: 666: 626: 511:The government of 509: 451:Belarus portal 8580: 8579: 8244: 8243: 8197: 8196: 8073: 8072: 7997: 7996: 7967:Political parties 7905:Foreign relations 7860: 7859: 7540:Gays and lesbians 7270:on 11 August 2024 7092:. 12 January 2017 6779:on 14 March 2012. 6511:(in Belarusian). 6387:. 19 October 2007 5425:. 29 January 2021 5397:. 3 February 2021 5337:. 25 January 2021 5309:. 25 January 2021 3871: 3870: 3867: 3866: 3321:Political Rights 3203:According to the 3044:World Report 2017 3032: 3031: 2436:Demonstration in 2411:chargé d'affaires 2345:On 23 July 2021, 2250:Belarus' Segodnya 2172:In January 2004, 2167:National Assembly 2035:In recent years, 1989:#Pressure on NGOs 1769:On 23 July 2021, 1704:Roman Protasevich 1675:Maria Kalesnikava 1659:Maria Kalesnikava 1628:Roman Protasevich 1593:Roman Protasevich 1389:Tsimafei Dranchuk 1339:Mikola Statkevich 1273:Yury Bandazhevsky 1172:Aarhus Convention 1075:Metropolitan Paul 972:Orthodox churches 896:#Pressure on NGOs 794:Since the 2000s, 699: 698: 609:Electoral process 572:Council of Europe 494: 493: 385:Visa requirements 345:Foreign relations 332:Political parties 162:National Assembly 156:National Assembly 132:Roman Golovchenko 16:(Redirected from 8605: 8285:Sovereign states 8271: 8264: 8257: 8248: 8247: 8224: 8217: 8210: 8179:National symbols 8139:Belarusian names 8084: 8083: 8035: 8008: 8007: 7871: 7870: 7808: 7807: 7697: 7690: 7683: 7674: 7673: 7637:Forum 18 article 7523:Freedom of press 7483: 7482: 7480: 7478: 7473: 7461: 7455: 7454: 7452: 7444: 7438: 7434: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7423: 7414:. Archived from 7404: 7398: 7392: 7386: 7385: 7378: 7372: 7359: 7353: 7352: 7351:on 22 July 2011. 7350: 7344:. Archived from 7343: 7335: 7326: 7325: 7323: 7315: 7309: 7308: 7306: 7298: 7292: 7286: 7280: 7279: 7277: 7275: 7260: 7254: 7248: 7242: 7236: 7230: 7224: 7218: 7217: 7215: 7213: 7198: 7192: 7191: 7189: 7187: 7172: 7166: 7165: 7163: 7161: 7146: 7140: 7134: 7128: 7127: 7125: 7123: 7108: 7102: 7101: 7099: 7097: 7078: 7072: 7067: 7061: 7056: 7050: 7049: 7047: 7045: 7031: 7022: 7017: 7011: 7010: 7008: 7006: 6991: 6985: 6984: 6971: 6965: 6964: 6962: 6960: 6950: 6944: 6943: 6941: 6933: 6927: 6926: 6924: 6922: 6912: 6906: 6899: 6893: 6887: 6881: 6868: 6859: 6853: 6847: 6840: 6834: 6821: 6815: 6814: 6812: 6804: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6787: 6781: 6780: 6778: 6772:. Archived from 6771: 6763: 6757: 6756: 6744: 6738: 6737: 6735: 6727: 6721: 6714: 6708: 6707: 6705: 6703: 6693: 6687: 6686: 6675: 6669: 6668: 6666: 6664: 6654: 6648: 6643: 6637: 6632: 6626: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6612:. Archived from 6606: 6600: 6595: 6589: 6584: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6573: 6562: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6546: 6531: 6525: 6524: 6522: 6520: 6505: 6499: 6494: 6488: 6483: 6474: 6469: 6463: 6458: 6447: 6442: 6433: 6428: 6419: 6418: 6416: 6414: 6403: 6397: 6396: 6394: 6392: 6377: 6371: 6370: 6368: 6366: 6349: 6343: 6342: 6331: 6325: 6324: 6317: 6311: 6299: 6293: 6292: 6290: 6288: 6283:on 3 August 2004 6273: 6267: 6266: 6264: 6262: 6252: 6246: 6245: 6243: 6241: 6226: 6220: 6215: 6209: 6204: 6195: 6190: 6181: 6180: 6178: 6176: 6171:on 22 April 2023 6167:. Archived from 6161: 6150: 6145: 6139: 6138: 6137:on 26 July 2014. 6123: 6117: 6116: 6109: 6103: 6102: 6095: 6089: 6088: 6081: 6075: 6070: 6059: 6054: 6035: 6030: 6024: 6023: 6016: 6010: 6005: 5999: 5994: 5988: 5983: 5977: 5972: 5966: 5965: 5963: 5961: 5952:. Archived from 5946: 5940: 5935: 5929: 5924: 5918: 5913: 5907: 5902: 5896: 5891: 5882: 5877: 5868: 5863: 5857: 5852: 5846: 5841: 5835: 5830: 5824: 5823: 5821: 5819: 5810:. Archived from 5804: 5798: 5793: 5784: 5779: 5773: 5772: 5770: 5768: 5763:on 26 April 2022 5759:. Archived from 5753: 5740: 5735: 5729: 5724: 5718: 5713: 5707: 5702: 5696: 5691: 5678: 5673: 5667: 5662: 5656: 5651: 5645: 5644: 5642: 5640: 5635:on 26 April 2022 5631:. Archived from 5625: 5619: 5614: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5598:on 26 April 2022 5594:. Archived from 5588: 5582: 5577: 5571: 5566: 5560: 5555: 5549: 5544: 5538: 5533: 5527: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5517:on 26 April 2022 5513:. Archived from 5507: 5501: 5496: 5490: 5485: 5479: 5474: 5468: 5463: 5457: 5452: 5446: 5441: 5435: 5434: 5432: 5430: 5413: 5407: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5385: 5379: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5353: 5347: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5325: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5297: 5291: 5286: 5280: 5274: 5265: 5259: 5250: 5237: 5224: 5223: 5221: 5213: 5207: 5206: 5204: 5202: 5193:. Archived from 5186: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5160: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5138: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5117:. Archived from 5111: 5105: 5104: 5102: 5100: 5091:. Archived from 5085: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5065:. Archived from 5059: 5053: 5052: 5045: 5036: 5030: 5024: 5019: 5013: 5008: 5002: 4997: 4988: 4983: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4961: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4935: 4929: 4928: 4926: 4924: 4909: 4903: 4902: 4900: 4898: 4884: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4868: 4860: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4831: 4818: 4813: 4800: 4788: 4759: 4754: 4748: 4743: 4737: 4732: 4726: 4721: 4715: 4710: 4704: 4699: 4693: 4688: 4682: 4677: 4666: 4665: 4658: 4652: 4651: 4645: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4622: 4616: 4615: 4613: 4605: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4585:. Archived from 4579: 4573: 4572: 4570: 4568: 4549: 4543: 4542: 4536: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4513: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4497:on 22 April 2005 4493:. Archived from 4491:"Christian Post" 4487: 4481: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4467:. Archived from 4461: 4455: 4450: 4441: 4436: 4430: 4425: 4419: 4414: 4408: 4403: 4397: 4392: 4386: 4381: 4375: 4370: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4350:. Archived from 4340: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4319: 4313: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4303:. 14 August 2020 4293: 4287: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4272: 4264: 4258: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4212: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4186: 4180: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4170:on 26 April 2006 4160: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4133: 4127: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4107: 4101: 4096: 4090: 4085: 4076: 4071: 4062: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4030:on 25 March 2006 4029: 4022: 4014: 4008: 4007: 4005: 4003: 3980: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3958: 3944:As of January 1. 3943: 3935: 3920:Jeans Revolution 3324:Civil Liberties 3315: 3306: 3305: 3253: 3233:Condoleezza Rice 3075: 3060: 3059:2016/2017 Report 3045: 2929: 2921: 2913: 2907: 2901: 2895: 2889: 2883: 2877: 2871: 2865: 2859: 2853: 2708: 2702: 2696: 2690: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2666: 2660: 2654: 2648: 2642: 2636: 2630: 2624: 2618: 2612: 2606: 2600: 2529: 2522: 2463:Dzmitry Zavadski 2454:Anatol Krasouski 2372:Russian oligarch 2286:Second World War 2274:Andrzej Olborski 2156:, many American 2008:Patricia Lamanna 2002: 1983:women in Belarus 1834:Labour relations 1783: 1723:Pressure on NGOs 1632:Yuras Zyankovich 1625: 1430:arbitrary arrest 1300:Dzmitry Zavadski 1296:Anatol Krasouski 1220: 1214: 1096: 1087:The Almighty God 1054:and neighboring 970:and independent 914:Associated Press 683:19 December 2010 673:9 September 2001 669: 665: 657:Lydia Yermoshina 628:On 10 July 1994 528:Condoleezza Rice 486: 479: 472: 449: 448: 447: 143:Security Council 63:CIS Member State 61: 60: 45: 29: 28: 21: 8613: 8612: 8608: 8607: 8606: 8604: 8603: 8602: 8583: 8582: 8581: 8576: 8562:Northern Cyprus 8544: 8538: 8459:North Macedonia 8280: 8275: 8245: 8240: 8227: 8220: 8213: 8206: 8193: 8184:Public holidays 8120: 8069: 8033: 7993: 7940:Internal Troops 7925:Law enforcement 7856: 7830:Protected areas 7797: 7710: 7701: 7520: 7512:Wayback Machine 7491: 7486: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7462: 7458: 7450: 7446: 7445: 7441: 7435: 7431: 7421: 7419: 7406: 7405: 7401: 7393: 7389: 7380: 7379: 7375: 7369:Wayback Machine 7360: 7356: 7348: 7341: 7337: 7336: 7329: 7321: 7317: 7316: 7312: 7304: 7300: 7299: 7295: 7287: 7283: 7273: 7271: 7262: 7261: 7257: 7249: 7245: 7237: 7233: 7225: 7221: 7211: 7209: 7200: 7199: 7195: 7185: 7183: 7174: 7173: 7169: 7159: 7157: 7148: 7147: 7143: 7135: 7131: 7121: 7119: 7110: 7109: 7105: 7095: 7093: 7080: 7079: 7075: 7068: 7064: 7057: 7053: 7043: 7041: 7033: 7032: 7025: 7018: 7014: 7004: 7002: 6993: 6992: 6988: 6973: 6972: 6968: 6958: 6956: 6952: 6951: 6947: 6939: 6935: 6934: 6930: 6920: 6918: 6914: 6913: 6909: 6900: 6896: 6888: 6884: 6878:Wayback Machine 6869: 6862: 6854: 6850: 6841: 6837: 6831:Wayback Machine 6822: 6818: 6810: 6806: 6805: 6801: 6793: 6789: 6788: 6784: 6776: 6769: 6765: 6764: 6760: 6745: 6741: 6733: 6729: 6728: 6724: 6715: 6711: 6701: 6699: 6695: 6694: 6690: 6677: 6676: 6672: 6662: 6660: 6656: 6655: 6651: 6644: 6640: 6633: 6629: 6619: 6617: 6616:on 7 April 2022 6608: 6607: 6603: 6596: 6592: 6585: 6581: 6571: 6569: 6564: 6563: 6554: 6544: 6542: 6533: 6532: 6528: 6518: 6516: 6507: 6506: 6502: 6495: 6491: 6484: 6477: 6470: 6466: 6459: 6450: 6443: 6436: 6429: 6422: 6412: 6410: 6405: 6404: 6400: 6390: 6388: 6379: 6378: 6374: 6364: 6362: 6350: 6346: 6333: 6332: 6328: 6319: 6318: 6314: 6310:, 18 March 2005 6300: 6296: 6286: 6284: 6275: 6274: 6270: 6260: 6258: 6254: 6253: 6249: 6239: 6237: 6235:Human Constanta 6227: 6223: 6216: 6212: 6205: 6198: 6191: 6184: 6174: 6172: 6163: 6162: 6153: 6146: 6142: 6125: 6124: 6120: 6111: 6110: 6106: 6097: 6096: 6092: 6083: 6082: 6078: 6071: 6062: 6055: 6038: 6031: 6027: 6018: 6017: 6013: 6006: 6002: 5995: 5991: 5984: 5980: 5973: 5969: 5959: 5957: 5956:on 7 April 2022 5948: 5947: 5943: 5936: 5932: 5925: 5921: 5914: 5910: 5903: 5899: 5892: 5885: 5878: 5871: 5864: 5860: 5853: 5849: 5842: 5838: 5831: 5827: 5817: 5815: 5814:on 7 April 2022 5806: 5805: 5801: 5794: 5787: 5780: 5776: 5766: 5764: 5755: 5754: 5743: 5736: 5732: 5725: 5721: 5714: 5710: 5703: 5699: 5692: 5681: 5674: 5670: 5663: 5659: 5652: 5648: 5638: 5636: 5627: 5626: 5622: 5615: 5611: 5601: 5599: 5590: 5589: 5585: 5578: 5574: 5567: 5563: 5556: 5552: 5545: 5541: 5534: 5530: 5520: 5518: 5509: 5508: 5504: 5497: 5493: 5486: 5482: 5475: 5471: 5464: 5460: 5453: 5449: 5442: 5438: 5428: 5426: 5415: 5414: 5410: 5400: 5398: 5387: 5386: 5382: 5372: 5370: 5355: 5354: 5350: 5340: 5338: 5327: 5326: 5322: 5312: 5310: 5299: 5298: 5294: 5287: 5283: 5275: 5268: 5260: 5253: 5247:Wayback Machine 5238: 5227: 5219: 5215: 5214: 5210: 5200: 5198: 5187: 5183: 5173: 5171: 5161: 5157: 5147: 5145: 5140: 5139: 5135: 5124: 5122: 5121:on 4 March 2016 5113: 5112: 5108: 5098: 5096: 5087: 5086: 5082: 5072: 5070: 5061: 5060: 5056: 5047: 5046: 5039: 5031: 5027: 5020: 5016: 5009: 5005: 4998: 4991: 4984: 4980: 4970: 4968: 4963: 4962: 4958: 4948: 4946: 4937: 4936: 4932: 4922: 4920: 4911: 4910: 4906: 4896: 4894: 4886: 4885: 4881: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4862: 4861: 4854: 4844: 4842: 4833: 4832: 4821: 4814: 4803: 4789: 4762: 4755: 4751: 4744: 4740: 4733: 4729: 4722: 4718: 4711: 4707: 4700: 4696: 4689: 4685: 4678: 4669: 4660: 4659: 4655: 4639: 4638: 4631: 4629: 4623: 4619: 4611: 4607: 4606: 4602: 4592: 4590: 4581: 4580: 4576: 4566: 4564: 4551: 4550: 4546: 4530: 4529: 4522: 4520: 4514: 4510: 4500: 4498: 4489: 4488: 4484: 4474: 4472: 4463: 4462: 4458: 4451: 4444: 4437: 4433: 4426: 4422: 4415: 4411: 4404: 4400: 4393: 4389: 4382: 4378: 4371: 4367: 4357: 4355: 4354:on 23 June 2013 4342: 4341: 4337: 4327: 4325: 4321: 4320: 4316: 4306: 4304: 4295: 4294: 4290: 4280: 4278: 4270: 4266: 4265: 4261: 4251: 4249: 4240: 4239: 4235: 4225: 4223: 4214: 4213: 4209: 4199: 4197: 4188: 4187: 4183: 4173: 4171: 4162: 4161: 4157: 4147: 4145: 4134: 4130: 4120: 4118: 4109: 4108: 4104: 4097: 4093: 4086: 4079: 4072: 4065: 4055: 4053: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4033: 4031: 4027: 4020: 4016: 4015: 4011: 4001: 3999: 3982: 3981: 3977: 3967: 3965: 3960: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3928: 3876: 3293: 3254: 3251: 3201: 3187: 3162: 3123: 3120: 3087: 3082: 3076: 3070: 3061: 3055: 3046: 3040: 2927: 2919: 2911: 2905: 2899: 2893: 2887: 2881: 2875: 2869: 2863: 2857: 2851: 2847:Democracy Index 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2706: 2700: 2694: 2688: 2682: 2676: 2670: 2664: 2658: 2652: 2646: 2640: 2634: 2628: 2622: 2616: 2610: 2604: 2598: 2514: 2479:Vladimir Naumov 2446:Yury Zacharanka 2430: 2363: 2329: 2294: 2259: 2200:Orthodox Church 2187:Communist Party 2134: 2129: 2026: 2020: 1985: 1979: 1974: 1836: 1804:organizations. 1796:liquidated the 1777: 1725: 1655:Viktar Babaryka 1647: 1619: 1551:. According to 1545: 1539: 1421: 1349:Andrei Sannikov 1329:Ales Bialiatski 1288:Yury Zacharanka 1253:Baroness Ashton 1249:Hillary Clinton 1244: 1222: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1210: 1203: 1197: 1185:conviction rate 1181: 1179:Judicial system 1110: 1016:who celebrated 1006:human sacrifice 1004:and conducting 910: 904: 877:Current Time TV 849:Darya Chultsova 792: 786: 781: 773:Viktar Babaryka 751: 735: 710: 704: 661:electoral fraud 619:Flag of Belarus 611: 591:electoral fraud 490: 461: 457:Other countries 445: 443: 438: 437: 394: 375:Nationality law 371: 359: 354: 347: 337: 336: 328: 298: 264: 254: 253: 239: 231: 230: 216: 208: 207: 188: 178: 177: 158: 148: 147: 134: 130: 123: 113: 112: 108: 101: 91: 90: 76: 66: 55: 36: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8611: 8601: 8600: 8595: 8578: 8577: 8575: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8548: 8546: 8540: 8539: 8537: 8536: 8534:United Kingdom 8531: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8399: 8394: 8389: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8347:Czech Republic 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8288: 8286: 8282: 8281: 8274: 8273: 8266: 8259: 8251: 8242: 8241: 8239: 8238: 8233: 8226: 8225: 8218: 8211: 8203: 8202: 8199: 8198: 8195: 8194: 8192: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8130: 8128: 8122: 8121: 8119: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8087: 8081: 8075: 8074: 8071: 8070: 8068: 8067: 8062: 8060:Stock exchange 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8029: 8028: 8027: 8017: 8011: 8005: 7999: 7998: 7995: 7994: 7992: 7991: 7986: 7985: 7984: 7977:Prime Minister 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7953: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7922: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7901: 7900: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7874: 7868: 7862: 7861: 7858: 7857: 7855: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7843: 7842: 7840:National parks 7837: 7827: 7822: 7820:Extreme points 7817: 7811: 7805: 7799: 7798: 7796: 7795: 7790: 7789: 7788: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7767: 7766: 7759:Russian Empire 7756: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7720: 7718: 7712: 7711: 7700: 7699: 7692: 7685: 7677: 7671: 7670: 7665: 7659: 7658: 7654: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7612: 7611: 7607: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7589: 7588: 7584: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7542: 7541: 7537: 7536: 7531: 7525: 7524: 7519: 7516: 7515: 7514: 7502: 7497: 7490: 7489:External links 7487: 7485: 7484: 7456: 7439: 7429: 7399: 7387: 7373: 7354: 7327: 7310: 7293: 7281: 7255: 7243: 7231: 7219: 7208:. 29 June 2022 7206:United Nations 7193: 7167: 7141: 7129: 7103: 7073: 7062: 7051: 7023: 7012: 6986: 6966: 6945: 6928: 6907: 6894: 6882: 6860: 6848: 6835: 6816: 6799: 6782: 6758: 6739: 6722: 6709: 6688: 6670: 6649: 6638: 6627: 6601: 6590: 6579: 6552: 6526: 6500: 6489: 6475: 6464: 6448: 6434: 6420: 6398: 6372: 6344: 6326: 6312: 6294: 6268: 6247: 6221: 6210: 6196: 6182: 6151: 6140: 6118: 6104: 6090: 6087:. 3 July 2023. 6076: 6060: 6036: 6025: 6022:. 17 May 2024. 6011: 6000: 5989: 5978: 5967: 5941: 5930: 5919: 5908: 5897: 5883: 5869: 5858: 5847: 5836: 5825: 5799: 5785: 5774: 5741: 5730: 5719: 5708: 5697: 5679: 5668: 5657: 5646: 5620: 5609: 5583: 5572: 5561: 5550: 5539: 5528: 5502: 5491: 5480: 5477:Сапега и торги 5469: 5458: 5447: 5436: 5408: 5380: 5348: 5320: 5292: 5281: 5266: 5251: 5225: 5208: 5197:on 9 July 2024 5181: 5155: 5144:. Spring96.org 5133: 5106: 5080: 5069:on 9 June 2003 5054: 5037: 5025: 5014: 5003: 4989: 4978: 4956: 4945:. 22 July 2021 4930: 4919:. 22 July 2021 4904: 4879: 4852: 4819: 4801: 4760: 4749: 4738: 4727: 4716: 4705: 4694: 4683: 4667: 4653: 4617: 4600: 4574: 4544: 4508: 4482: 4456: 4442: 4431: 4420: 4409: 4398: 4387: 4376: 4365: 4335: 4314: 4288: 4277:. 28 June 2020 4259: 4248:. 29 June 2020 4233: 4207: 4181: 4155: 4128: 4102: 4091: 4077: 4063: 4041: 4009: 3975: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3946: 3945: 3937: 3927: 3924: 3923: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3906: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3882: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3868: 3865: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3848: 3847: 3844: 3841: 3838: 3835: 3831: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3814: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3804: 3801: 3797: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3787: 3784: 3780: 3779: 3776: 3773: 3770: 3767: 3763: 3762: 3759: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3746: 3745: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3729: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3712: 3711: 3708: 3705: 3702: 3699: 3695: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3682: 3678: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3661: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3644: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3627: 3626: 3623: 3620: 3617: 3614: 3610: 3609: 3606: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3593: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3576: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3559: 3558: 3555: 3552: 3549: 3546: 3542: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3525: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3508: 3507: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3491: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3474: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3457: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3447: 3444: 3440: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3423: 3422: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3404: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3387: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3370: 3369: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3357: 3353: 3352: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3334: 3333: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3311: 3310: 3292: 3289: 3249: 3200: 3197: 3186: 3185:United Kingdom 3183: 3161: 3160:European Union 3158: 3142:United Nations 3121: 3118: 3106: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3086: 3085:United Nations 3083: 3081: 3078: 3068: 3053: 3038: 3030: 3029: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3011: 3010: 3007: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2992: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2979: 2976: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2964: 2961: 2958: 2957:93 (Not Free) 2955: 2954:93 (Not Free) 2952: 2951:91 (Not Free) 2949: 2948:83 (Not Free) 2946: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2932: 2931: 2930:Authoritarian 2925: 2923: 2922:Authoritarian 2917: 2915: 2914:Authoritarian 2909: 2908:Authoritarian 2903: 2902:Authoritarian 2897: 2896:Authoritarian 2891: 2890:Authoritarian 2885: 2884:Authoritarian 2879: 2878:Authoritarian 2873: 2872:Authoritarian 2867: 2866:Authoritarian 2861: 2860:Authoritarian 2855: 2854:Authoritarian 2849: 2843: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2742: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2731:Mostly unfree 2729: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2711: 2710: 2704: 2698: 2692: 2686: 2680: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2656: 2650: 2644: 2638: 2632: 2626: 2620: 2614: 2608: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2513: 2510: 2506:Viktar Hanchar 2498:Deutsche Welle 2489:, and Colonel 2483:Viktor Sheiman 2471:European Union 2450:Viktar Hanchar 2429: 2426: 2385:Ihar Rynkevich 2362: 2359: 2328: 2325: 2317:Igor Shunevich 2293: 2290: 2263:Union of Poles 2258: 2255: 2147:United Kingdom 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2089:electric chair 2069:United Nations 2022:Main article: 2019: 2016: 1981:Main article: 1978: 1977:Women's rights 1975: 1973: 1970: 1891: 1890: 1882: 1881: 1870: 1869: 1835: 1832: 1775:Barys Zvozskau 1759:headed by the 1737:Vladimir Putin 1724: 1721: 1646: 1643: 1639:Oleg Belokonev 1609:Belarusian KGB 1557:United Nations 1538: 1535: 1525: 1524: 1523: 1522: 1516: 1515: 1514: 1513: 1507: 1506: 1505: 1504: 1498: 1497: 1496: 1495: 1486: 1485: 1484: 1483: 1477: 1476: 1475: 1474: 1468: 1467: 1466: 1465: 1459: 1458: 1457: 1456: 1442: 1441: 1440: 1439: 1420: 1417: 1402: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1369:Natalya Radina 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1292:Viktar Hanchar 1243: 1240: 1217: 1211: 1199:Main article: 1196: 1193: 1180: 1177: 1109: 1106: 987:smear campaign 968:Greek Catholic 923:Christian Post 906:Main article: 903: 900: 830:Pavel Sheremet 826:Natalya Radina 785: 782: 780: 777: 747:Main article: 734: 731: 706:Main article: 703: 700: 697: 696: 693: 690: 686: 685: 680: 675: 649:European Union 645:United Nations 610: 607: 603:European Union 492: 491: 489: 488: 481: 474: 466: 463: 462: 460: 459: 453: 440: 439: 436: 435: 430: 425: 420: 415: 410: 405: 400: 393: 392: 387: 382: 377: 370: 369: 357:Sergei Aleinik 348: 343: 342: 339: 338: 335: 334: 327: 326: 319: 314: 309: 297: 296: 289: 284: 279: 274: 265: 260: 259: 256: 255: 252: 251: 246: 240: 237: 236: 233: 232: 229: 228: 226:Economic Court 223: 217: 214: 213: 210: 209: 206: 205: 200: 189: 184: 183: 180: 179: 176: 175: 170: 159: 154: 153: 150: 149: 146: 145: 140: 127:Prime Minister 124: 119: 118: 115: 114: 102: 97: 96: 93: 92: 89: 88: 83: 77: 72: 71: 68: 67: 51: 50: 47: 46: 38: 37: 32: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8610: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8590: 8588: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8567:South Ossetia 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8549: 8547: 8541: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8419:Liechtenstein 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8289: 8287: 8283: 8279: 8272: 8267: 8265: 8260: 8258: 8253: 8252: 8249: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8228: 8223: 8219: 8216: 8212: 8209: 8205: 8204: 8200: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8131: 8129: 8127: 8123: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8088: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8076: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8030: 8026: 8023: 8022: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8012: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8000: 7990: 7987: 7983: 7980: 7979: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7927: 7926: 7923: 7920: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7899: 7896: 7895: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7875: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7863: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7832: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7812: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7800: 7794: 7791: 7787: 7784: 7783: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7765: 7764:Russification 7762: 7761: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7721: 7719: 7717: 7713: 7709: 7705: 7698: 7693: 7691: 7686: 7684: 7679: 7678: 7675: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7660: 7656: 7655: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7613: 7610:Anti-Semitism 7609: 7608: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7591: 7590: 7586: 7585: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7543: 7539: 7538: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7526: 7522: 7521: 7513: 7509: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7492: 7470: 7466: 7465:Freedom House 7460: 7449: 7443: 7433: 7417: 7413: 7409: 7403: 7396: 7391: 7383: 7377: 7370: 7366: 7363: 7358: 7347: 7340: 7334: 7332: 7320: 7314: 7303: 7297: 7290: 7285: 7269: 7265: 7259: 7252: 7247: 7240: 7235: 7228: 7223: 7207: 7203: 7197: 7181: 7177: 7171: 7155: 7151: 7145: 7138: 7133: 7117: 7113: 7107: 7091: 7087: 7083: 7077: 7071: 7066: 7060: 7055: 7040: 7039:Freedom House 7036: 7030: 7028: 7021: 7016: 7000: 6996: 6990: 6982: 6981: 6976: 6970: 6955: 6949: 6938: 6932: 6917: 6911: 6904: 6898: 6891: 6886: 6879: 6875: 6872: 6867: 6865: 6857: 6852: 6844: 6839: 6832: 6828: 6825: 6820: 6809: 6803: 6792: 6786: 6775: 6768: 6762: 6754: 6750: 6743: 6732: 6726: 6719: 6713: 6698: 6692: 6684: 6680: 6674: 6659: 6653: 6647: 6642: 6636: 6631: 6615: 6611: 6605: 6599: 6594: 6588: 6583: 6567: 6561: 6559: 6557: 6540: 6536: 6530: 6514: 6510: 6504: 6498: 6493: 6487: 6482: 6480: 6473: 6468: 6462: 6457: 6455: 6453: 6446: 6441: 6439: 6432: 6427: 6425: 6408: 6402: 6386: 6382: 6376: 6361: 6360: 6355: 6348: 6340: 6336: 6330: 6322: 6316: 6309: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6282: 6278: 6272: 6257: 6251: 6236: 6232: 6225: 6219: 6214: 6208: 6203: 6201: 6194: 6189: 6187: 6170: 6166: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6149: 6144: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6122: 6114: 6108: 6100: 6094: 6086: 6080: 6074: 6069: 6067: 6065: 6058: 6053: 6051: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6034: 6029: 6021: 6015: 6009: 6004: 5998: 5993: 5987: 5982: 5976: 5971: 5955: 5951: 5945: 5939: 5934: 5928: 5923: 5917: 5912: 5906: 5901: 5895: 5890: 5888: 5881: 5876: 5874: 5867: 5862: 5856: 5851: 5845: 5840: 5834: 5829: 5813: 5809: 5803: 5797: 5792: 5790: 5783: 5778: 5762: 5758: 5752: 5750: 5748: 5746: 5739: 5734: 5728: 5723: 5717: 5712: 5706: 5701: 5695: 5690: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5677: 5672: 5666: 5661: 5655: 5650: 5634: 5630: 5624: 5618: 5613: 5597: 5593: 5587: 5581: 5576: 5570: 5565: 5559: 5554: 5548: 5543: 5537: 5532: 5516: 5512: 5506: 5500: 5495: 5489: 5484: 5478: 5473: 5467: 5462: 5456: 5451: 5445: 5440: 5424: 5423: 5422:Radio Liberty 5418: 5412: 5396: 5395: 5390: 5384: 5368: 5364: 5363: 5358: 5352: 5336: 5335: 5330: 5324: 5308: 5307: 5302: 5296: 5290: 5285: 5278: 5273: 5271: 5263: 5258: 5256: 5248: 5244: 5241: 5236: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5218: 5212: 5196: 5192: 5185: 5170: 5166: 5159: 5143: 5137: 5120: 5116: 5110: 5094: 5090: 5084: 5068: 5064: 5058: 5050: 5049:"Amnesty.org" 5044: 5042: 5034: 5029: 5023: 5018: 5012: 5007: 5001: 4996: 4994: 4987: 4982: 4966: 4960: 4944: 4940: 4934: 4918: 4914: 4908: 4893: 4889: 4883: 4865: 4859: 4857: 4840: 4836: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4817: 4812: 4810: 4808: 4806: 4799: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4765: 4758: 4753: 4747: 4742: 4736: 4731: 4725: 4720: 4714: 4709: 4703: 4698: 4692: 4687: 4681: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4663: 4657: 4649: 4643: 4628: 4621: 4610: 4604: 4588: 4584: 4578: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4548: 4540: 4534: 4519: 4512: 4496: 4492: 4486: 4470: 4466: 4465:"FSU Monitor" 4460: 4454: 4449: 4447: 4440: 4435: 4429: 4424: 4418: 4413: 4407: 4402: 4396: 4391: 4385: 4380: 4374: 4369: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4339: 4324: 4318: 4302: 4298: 4292: 4276: 4269: 4263: 4247: 4243: 4237: 4221: 4217: 4211: 4195: 4191: 4185: 4169: 4165: 4159: 4143: 4139: 4132: 4116: 4112: 4106: 4100: 4095: 4089: 4084: 4082: 4075: 4070: 4068: 4051: 4045: 4026: 4019: 4013: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3979: 3963: 3957: 3953: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3929: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 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3226: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3208: 3206: 3199:United States 3195: 3190: 3182: 3178: 3176: 3170: 3166: 3157: 3155: 3151: 3145: 3143: 3138: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3117: 3114: 3110: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3096: 3095: 3091: 3073: 3072:Freedom House 3067: 3058: 3052: 3043: 3037: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3013: 3012: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2993: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2933: 2926: 2924: 2918: 2916: 2910: 2904: 2898: 2892: 2886: 2880: 2874: 2868: 2862: 2856: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2844: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2743: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2712: 2705: 2699: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2663: 2657: 2651: 2645: 2639: 2633: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2591: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2530: 2527: 2521: 2519: 2509: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2494: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2475:United States 2472: 2467: 2464: 2460: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2439: 2434: 2425: 2423: 2422: 2415: 2412: 2406: 2404: 2400: 2394: 2392: 2391: 2386: 2380: 2378: 2373: 2369: 2368:Vladlena Funk 2358: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2343: 2340: 2336: 2334: 2324: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2302:Romani people 2299: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2270: 2268: 2267:Tadeusz Gawin 2264: 2257:Anti-Polonism 2254: 2252: 2251: 2244: 2242: 2237: 2235: 2229: 2225: 2223: 2218: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2203: 2201: 2195: 2193: 2188: 2182: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2168: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2150: 2148: 2143: 2139: 2124: 2122: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2092: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2057: 2055: 2054:Lambda League 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2031: 2030:homosexuality 2025: 2015: 2013: 2009: 2004: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1984: 1969: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1946: 1944: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1906: 1902: 1900: 1896: 1888: 1887: 1886: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1874: 1867: 1866: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1844: 1841: 1831: 1829: 1824: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1810: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1790: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1772: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1740: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1709: 1705: 1699: 1697: 1691: 1688: 1684: 1683:Viktar Čajčyc 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1642: 1640: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1623: 1618: 1617:Stepan Putilo 1614: 1610: 1605: 1603: 1598: 1594: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1544: 1534: 1531: 1520: 1519: 1518: 1517: 1511: 1510: 1509: 1508: 1502: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1493: 1492: 1491: 1490: 1489: 1481: 1480: 1479: 1478: 1472: 1471: 1470: 1469: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1460: 1454: 1453: 1452: 1451: 1450: 1446: 1437: 1436: 1435: 1434: 1433: 1431: 1425: 1416: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404:In 2017, the 1400: 1399:Eduard Palčys 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1303: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1284:disappearance 1281: 1276: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1257: 1254: 1250: 1239: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1207: 1202: 1192: 1190: 1186: 1176: 1173: 1169: 1168:Marina Dubina 1165: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1140: 1138: 1133: 1132:Hrodna Region 1129: 1124: 1119: 1115: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1092: 1088: 1083: 1081: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1067:mass protests 1063: 1059: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1048:Aum Shinrikyo 1045: 1041: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1025: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 979: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 955: 953: 949: 943: 941: 938:According to 936: 933: 929: 925: 924: 919: 915: 909: 899: 897: 893: 889: 884: 882: 878: 873: 869: 865: 860: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 837: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 814: 812: 807: 806:Freedom House 803: 801: 797: 791: 776: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 757: 750: 743: 739: 730: 726: 723: 721: 716: 709: 694: 691: 688: 687: 684: 681: 679: 678:19 March 2006 676: 674: 671: 670: 664: 662: 658: 654: 653:United States 650: 646: 642: 637: 635: 631: 624: 620: 615: 606: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 575: 573: 569: 568:regime change 564: 559: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 526: 522: 518: 514: 507: 503: 502:national flag 498: 487: 482: 480: 475: 473: 468: 467: 465: 464: 458: 455: 454: 452: 442: 441: 434: 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 395: 391: 388: 386: 383: 381: 378: 376: 373: 372: 368: 364: 361: 360: 358: 353: 352: 346: 341: 340: 333: 330: 329: 325: 324: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 304: 303: 302: 295: 294: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 269: 268: 263: 258: 257: 250: 247: 245: 242: 241: 235: 234: 227: 224: 222: 221:Supreme Court 219: 218: 212: 211: 204: 201: 199: 196: 195: 194: 193: 187: 182: 181: 174: 171: 169: 166: 165: 164: 163: 157: 152: 151: 144: 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