Commonwealth of Independent States

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1994 (Протокол о внесении изменений и дополнений в Соглашение о создании зоны свободной торговли от 15 апреля 1994 года). Turkmenistan did not participate. The Protocol entered into force on 24 November 1999 for those countries that had completed ratification. As of 2023, the Protocol has entered into force for all countries, namely Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Ukraine, except Russia, which remains a signatory but has not notified entry into force or provisional application. According to the executive committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States, no one has ceased participation in the Protocol or suspended the application, while one reservation was made by Azerbaijan on non-application in relation to Armenia and two specific opinions were expressed by Georgia and Ukraine.

4064: 4271:(CAC). The organisation continued in 1994 as the Central Asian Economic Union (CAEU), in which Tajikistan and Turkmenistan did not participate. In 1998 it became the Central Asian Economic Cooperation (CAEC), which marked the return of Tajikistan. On 28 February 2002, it was renamed to its current name. Russia joined on 28 May 2004. On 7 October 2005, it was decided between the member states that Uzbekistan will join the Eurasian Economic Community and that the organisations will merge. The organisations joined on 25 January 2006. It is not clear what will happen to the status of current CACO observers that are not observers to EurAsEC ( 4026: 1460: 4042: 4014: 8945: 3060:

restrictions on the import and export of goods in mutual trade of the FTA participating states, established a procedure for dispute resolution, etc. The 1999 version refers to the principles of the World Trade Organisation, envisages cooperation in economic policy, payments, customs cooperation, taxes, science, provides for a ratchet effect prohibiting the imposition of new tariffs and restrictions, provides for treatment no worse than that of any third country, and provides for the transit of goods on the basis of the principle of freedom of transit without discrimination.

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Under the 1994 version, the free trade regime enters into force when conditions are met, but, for example, the freedom of transit enters into force immediately between participants. According to the text, transit transportation should not be subject to unreasonable delays or restrictions, and the conditions of transit, including tariffs for transportation by any mode of transport and the provision of services, should not be worse than for domestic shippers, recipients, and owners of goods, as well as no worse than the conditions for any third country.

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Petersburg. Initially, the treaty was only ratified by Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine, However, by the end of 2012, Kazakhstan, Armenia, and Moldova had also completed ratification. In December 2013, Uzbekistan, signed and then ratified the treaty, while the remaining two signatories, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan later both ratified the treaty in January 2014 and December 2015 respectively.

1715:) was adopted. The charter formalized the concept of membership: a member country is defined as a country that ratifies the CIS Charter (sec. 2, art. 7). Additional members can join with the consent of all current members. Parties that ratified the Creation Agreement before the adoption of the Charter are considered to be "Founding states", but not members. 1612:

amendments to existing legislation. More than 130 documents have been adopted that ensure the convergence of laws in the CIS at the level of national legislation. The Assembly is actively involved in the development of integration processes in the CIS and also sends observers to the national elections. The Assembly held its 32nd Plenary meeting in

2483:, but lacking the strong implementation mechanisms of the latter. In the CIS treaty, the Human Rights Commission has very vaguely defined authority. The Statute of the Human Rights Commission, however, also adopted by the CIS Member States as a decision, gives the commission the right to receive inter-state as well as individual communications. 3043:

Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine, while Russia and Turkmenistan have notified the application of the Agreement on a provisional basis. According to the executive committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States, no one has ceased participation in the Agreement, made reservations or suspended the application.

2085:, stated the country will withdraw from the agreement establishing the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly; he argued that being in the CIS "did not protect the Republic of Moldova from energy blackmail in the middle of winter, from threats and official statements hostile to the independence and sovereignty of the Republic of Moldova". 1418:(Alma-Ata) Protocol would be considered to be founding states of the CIS, with only those countries ratifying the Charter being considered to be member states of the CIS (art. 7). Other states can participate as associate members or observers if accepted as such by a decision of the Council of Heads of State to the CIS (art. 8). 1596: 5834:, "Ukraine does not recognize the legal personality of this organization, we are not members of the CIS Economic Court, we did not ratify the CIS Statute, thus, we cannot be considered a member of this organisation from an international legal point of view. Ukraine is a country-participant, but not a member country." 2319:

intends to review its participation in all CIS agreements and only continue in those that are in its interests. On 3 May 2023 Ukraine formally withdrew from the 1992 agreement that set up the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly. In 2023 and 2024 Ukraine also withdrew from a number of agreements including the 2001

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The CIS has also been a relevant forum to support cultural relations between former Soviet republics. In 2006, the Council of the Heads of Governments of the CIS launched the Intergovernmental Foundation for Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Cooperation (IFESCCO). IFESSCO has substantially relied

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As of 1 June 2018, the CIS secretariat had not received formal notice from Ukraine of its withdrawal from the CIS, a process that would take one year to complete, following notice being given. The CIS secretariat stated that it will continue inviting Ukraine to participate. Ukraine has stated that it

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in February 2014, relations between Ukraine and Russia deteriorated, leading Ukraine to consider ending its participation in the CIS. As Ukraine never ratified the Charter, it could cease its informal participation in the CIS. However, to fully terminate its relationship with the CIS, it would need

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Since its inception, one of the primary goals of the CIS has been to provide a forum for discussing issues related to the social and economic development of the newly independent states. To achieve this goal member states have agreed to promote and protect human rights. Initially, efforts to achieve

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Two states, Ukraine and Turkmenistan ratified the CIS Creation Agreement before the adoption of the CIS Charter in January 1993, making them "founding states of the CIS", but did not ratify the Charter itself that would make them full members. These states, while not being formal members of the CIS,

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The Protocol to the Agreement on the Creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States dated 21 December 1991. The information from the depository of the international agreement published on the Unified Register of Legal Acts and Other Documents of the Commonwealth of Independent States (under the

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in 1991, and is its legal successor. It covers an area of 20,368,759 km (7,864,422 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 239,796,010. The CIS encourages cooperation in economic, political, and military affairs and has certain powers relating to the coordination of trade, finance,

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On 2 April 1999, in Moscow, the presidents of 11 countries, namely Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine signed a Protocol on Amendments and Additions to the Agreement on the Establishment of a Free Trade Area of 15 April

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Bilateral FTAs concluded on the basis of CIS 1994 as a framework agreement. According to the analytical material of the executive committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the 1994 version has not yet provided for multilateral free trade, but the conclusion of many bilateral agreements.

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and acts as the consultative parliamentary wing of the CIS, created to discuss problems of parliamentary cooperation, review draft documents of common interest, and pass model laws to the national legislatures in the CIS (as well as recommendations) for their use in the preparation of new laws and

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The free trade agreement eliminates export and import duties on several goods but also contains a number of exemptions that will ultimately be phased out. An agreement was also signed on the basic principles of currency regulation and currency controls in the CIS at the same October 2011 meeting.

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says the 1994 Agreement on the Establishment of a Free Trade Area signed by 12 CIS countries still continues to be used by Azerbaijan and Georgia in trade with other CIS countries except with Russia and Turkmenistan. Reportedly it is also used bilaterally between Uzbekistan and Tajikistan pending

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One of the CST's original objectives was to resolve conflicts between CIS members, however military conflicts such as Russia's open assistance and support to the two secessionist areas in Georgia, Russia seizing Crimea and support to secessionist areas in Ukraine, the conflict between Armenia and

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In May 1992, six post-Soviet states belonging to the CIS signed the Collective Security Treaty (also referred to as the Tashkent Pact or Tashkent Treaty). Three other post-Soviet states signed in 1993 and the treaty took effect in 1994 and lasted 5 years. When the treaty was subsequently renewed,

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Turkmenistan changed its CIS standing to associate member as of 26 August 2005. The cited reason was to be consistent with its 1995-proclaimed, UN-recognised, international neutrality status, but experts have cited the country no longer needing Russia to provide natural gas access, as well as the

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On 30 November 2022, Popescu stated that Moldova will suspend its participation in CIS meetings, and on 23 February 2023 stated that Moldova has started withdrawing from multiple treaties that the country had signed with the CIS, as his country aims to join the European Union. On 15 May 2023, the

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On 22 January 1993, the Charter (Statutes) of the CIS was signed, setting up the different institutions of the CIS, their functions, and the rules and statutes of the CIS. The Charter also defined that all countries that have ratified the Agreement on the Establishment of the CIS and its relevant

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The CIS announced that the new organization would be open to all republics of the former Soviet Union and to other nations sharing the same goals. The CIS charter stated that all the members were sovereign and independent nations and thereby effectively abolished the Soviet Union. On 21 December

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In 2009, a new agreement was begun to create an FTA, the CIS Free Trade Agreement (CISFTA). In October 2011, the new free trade agreement was signed by eight of the eleven CIS prime ministers; Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, and Ukraine at a meeting in St.

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on the Establishment of a Free Trade Area (Соглашение о создании зоны свободной торговли). The Agreement entered into force on 30 December 1994 for those countries that had completed ratification. As of 2023, the Agreement is fully in force for Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan,

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has resulted in a steady decline in the modest progress of previous years in Russia. In turn, this has led to little to no scrutiny by Russia when it comes to the situation of human rights in other CIS member states. The Commonwealth of Independent States continues to face serious challenges in

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On 15 April 1994, at a meeting of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Council of Heads of State in Moscow, the presidents of 12 countries, namely Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Ukraine signed an

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As part of the process to severing connections with the CIS, in July 2023 Moldova passed a law on denunciation of the agreement on Moldova's membership in the Inter-Parliamentary Assembly of the CIS countries. 70 agreements were denounced by October 2023, from the total of around 282 signed by

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that Georgia would leave the CIS and the Georgian Parliament voted unanimously on 14 August 2008 to withdraw from the regional organization. On 18 August 2008 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia sent a note to the CIS Executive Committee notifying it of the aforesaid resolutions of the

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According to the analytical material of the executive committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the 1999 Protocol replaced the existing bilateral free trade regime with a multilateral regime, eliminated all fees, as well as taxes and levies with equivalent effect, and quantitative

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The Agreement on the Creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States dated 8 December 1991. The information from the depository of the international agreement published on the Unified Register of Legal Acts and Other Documents of the Commonwealth of Independent States (under the executive

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GOST standards were originally developed by the government of the Soviet Union as part of its national standardization strategy. After the disintegration of the USSR, the GOST standards acquired a new status of the regional standards. They are now administered by the Euro-Asian Council for

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was becoming a more competent organization to unify the largest countries of the CIS. Following the withdrawal of Georgia, the presidents of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan skipped the October 2009 meeting of the CIS, each having their own issues and disagreements with the Russian

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In February 2006, Georgia withdrew from the Council of Defense Ministers, with the statement that "Georgia has taken a course to join NATO and it cannot be part of two military structures simultaneously", but it remained a full member of the CIS until August 2009, one year after officially

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and became member states of it. Nevertheless, Ukraine and Turkmenistan kept participating in the CIS, without being member states of it. Turkmenistan became an associate member of the CIS in August 2005. Georgia left the CIS altogether in 2009 and Ukraine stopped participating in 2018.

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as "well-organized, free, and fair", as large-scale and often violent demonstrations broke out throughout the country protesting what the opposition called a rigged parliamentary election. In contrast, the OSCE reported that the elections fell short of international standards in many

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The terms of the CIS FTA agreements allow member states to enter into the FTA agreements with other countries, as well as to join/create custom unions. Like other Commonwealth of Independent States agreements, this agreement does not regulate relations with third countries and allows

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The 2011 CIS FTA Treaty envisages that the 1994 agreement and the 1999 protocol no longer apply among its eight participants (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Armenia, and Moldova), however, among the rest of the countries, they continue to be applied.

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to the Soviet Union. Thus it has never been a full member of the CIS. However, Ukraine had kept participating in the CIS, with the consent of the Council of Heads of States, even though it was not a member. Ukraine has never applied for, or been granted, Associate member status.

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A country can become an associate member under the CIS Charter (sec. 2, art. 8) if approved by the Council of Heads of States. Participation of associate members and of the observers in the work of the Commonwealth organs shall be governed by their rules of procedures.

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in Georgia, Georgia officially withdrew from the Council of Defense Ministers in February 2006, stating that "Georgia has taken a course to join NATO and it cannot be part of two military structures simultaneously". However, it remained a full member of the CIS.

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The CIS praised the Uzbekistan parliamentary elections, 2005 as "legitimate, free and transparent" while the OSCE had referred to the Uzbek elections as having fallen "significantly short of OSCE commitments and other international standards for democratic

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was signed by the heads of a number of CIS states. Its aim was the forming of conditions of stable development of economies of Contracting Parties to benefit from increases in living standards of their population. This led to other specific agreements.

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In December 1993, the CIS Armed Forces Headquarters was abolished. Instead, "the CIS Council of Defence Ministers created a CIS Military Cooperation Coordination Headquarters (MCCH) in Moscow, with 50 percent of the funding provided by Russia." General

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to legally withdraw from the Creation Agreement, as Georgia did previously. On 14 March 2014, a bill was introduced to Ukraine's parliament to denounce their ratification of the CIS Creation Agreement, but it was never approved. Following the

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were allowed to participate in CIS. They were also allowed to participate in various CIS initiatives, e.g. the Free Trade Area, which were, however, formulated mostly as independent multilateral agreements, and not as internal CIS agreements.

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was a significant blow against the project: Yushchenko had shown renewed interest in Ukrainian membership in the European Union and such membership would be incompatible with the envisioned common economic space. Yushchenko's successor

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CIS observers monitored the Tajikistan parliamentary elections, in 2005 and in the end declared them "legal, free and transparent." The same elections were pronounced by the OSCE to have failed international standards for democratic

4188:, and would not be subordinate to the governments of the four nations. The ultimate goal would be a regional organization that would be open for other countries to join as well, and could eventually lead even to a single currency. 4084: 1518: 1477: 8010: 3024: 2286:

Although Ukraine was one of the states which ratified the Creation Agreement in December 1991, making it a Founding State of the CIS, it chose not to ratify the CIS Charter as it disagrees with Russia being the only legal

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Note: The territories of the Crimean peninsula, comprising Sevastopol City and the Republic of Crimea, remained internationally recognised as constituting part of Ukraine, following their annexation by Russia in March

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Agreement between the State Parties of the Commonwealth of Independent States on social and legal guarantees of the military personnel, persons discharged from military service, and members of their families

2058:), legislative initiatives to denounce the agreement on the creation of CIS were tabled in Moldova's parliament on 25 March 2014, though they were not approved. A similar bill was proposed in January 2018. 7331: 3184:(OSCE) found no significant problems. This was the first time that the CIS observation teams challenged the validity of an election, saying that it should be considered illegitimate. On 15 March 2005, the 1599:

eventually ratified by nine parliaments, the only CIS member not signing was Georgia. Under the terms of the convention, the InterParliamentary Assembly (IPA) was invested with international legitimacy.

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Alexander Yakovenko, the Spokesman of Russia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Answers a Russian Media Question Regarding International Observers' Conclusions on Election Results in Ukraine and Uzbekistan

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On 8 June 2023 in Sochi Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan signed an Agreement on Free Trade in Services, Establishment, Operations, and Investment.

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Ukraine withdrew its representatives from the CIS in May 2018 and stopped actively participating in the CIS, but remained a party to a number of agreements, such as the free trade area.

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Parliament of Georgia and Georgia's withdrawal from CIS. In accordance with the CIS Charter (sec. 1, art. 9), Georgia's withdrawal came into effect 12 months later, on 18 August 2009.

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which can either be interpreted as expanding the CIS to these states or the proper foundation or foundation date of the CIS, thus bringing the number of participating countries to 11.

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on Russia's financial support since its creation and supported several multilateral cultural events, including the ‘CIS Capital of Culture’ initiative. In 2017, the Armenian city of

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Turkmenistan has not ratified the Charter and therefore is not formally a member of the CIS. Nevertheless, it has consistently participated in the CIS as if it were a member state.

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this goal consisted merely of statements of goodwill, but on 26 May 1995, the CIS adopted a Commonwealth of Independent States Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.

5035: 4754: 2556:. Over the years, the military personnel of the joint CIS Air Defense System grew twofold along the western, European border of the CIS, and by 1.5 times on its southern borders. 6071: 8000: 5697: 6566: 5876: 2494:

in Uzbekistan to show that there has been almost no improvement in human rights since the collapse of the Soviet Union in Central Asia. The consolidation of power by President

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confirmed Ukraine will continue taking part in the CIS "on a selective basis". Since that month, Ukraine has had no representatives in the CIS Executive Committee building.

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stated on 27 April 2010 "Ukraine's entry into the Customs Union of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan is not possible today, since the economic principles and the laws of the

6771:"FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN AZERBAIJAN, ARMENIA, BELARUS, GEORGIA, MOLDOVA, KAZAKHSTAN, THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, UKRAINE, UZBEKISTAN, TAJIKISTAN AND THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC" 6658:"Free Trade Agreement Between Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Kazakhstan, The Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan And The Kyrgyz Republic" 5584:"FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN AZERBAIJAN, ARMENIA, BELARUS, GEORGIA, MOLDOVA, KAZAKHSTAN, THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, UKRAINE, UZBEKISTAN, TAJIKISTAN AND THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC" 11234: 8868: 7499: 6179: 4025: 7200: 1157: 6049: 4113: 7153: 6955: 5997: 8543: 8005: 7780: 7335: 4322: 2054:

In light of Russia's support for the independence of occupied regions within Moldova, Georgia, and Ukraine as well as its violation of the Istanbul Agreement (see

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indicated that Ukraine would formally leave the CIS. On 19 May 2018, Poroshenko signed a decree formally ending Ukraine's participation in CIS statutory bodies.

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quoted Dmytro Svystkov (a spokesman of the Ukrainian Foreign Ministry) that Ukraine had suspended its participation in the CIS election monitoring organization.

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An important manifestation of integration processes in the area of military and defence collaboration of the CIS member states is the creation, in 1995, of the

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Ukraine did not apply to become an Associate member, nor was it granted by the Council of Heads of States, accordingly Ukraine remained just a Founding state.

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joined two years later, in December 1993. At this point, 12 of the 15 former Soviet Republics participated in the CIS, the three non-participants being the

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After the end of the dissolution process of the Soviet Union, Russia and the Central Asian republics were weakened economically and faced declines in

11431: 7597: 7226: 4630: 4075: 5754: 4717: 1401:. The process of Eurasian integration began immediately after the break-up of the Soviet Union to salvage economic ties with Post-Soviet republics. 11957: 9973: 9907: 8658: 8483: 8340: 7665: 6321:, press conference of the Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov after the meeting of the CIS Council of Foreign Ministers, Bishkek, 9 October 2008 5389: 297: 3155:

Convention on the Standards of Democratic Elections, Electoral Rights, and Freedoms in the Member States of the Commonwealth of Independent States

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formally ended its participation in CIS statutory bodies in 2018, although it had stopped participating in the organization in 2014 following the

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In 2017, a festival for national sports and games, known as the Festival of National Sports and Games of the Commonwealth of Independent States (

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Interfax, 22 December 1993, via Zbigniew Brzezinski, Paige Sullivan, 'Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States' CSIS, 1997, p.464 via

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CIS election monitoring has been characterized by scholars as low-quality, as the CIS tends to validate elections that are obviously flawed.

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Azerbaijan, and Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan border issues have demonstrated how ineffective the CST and later the CSTO, is in this role.

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on 8 December 1991, declaring that the Union had effectively ceased to exist and proclaimed the CIS in its place. On 21 December, the

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Content is copied from this source, which is (c) European Union, 1995–2018. Reuse is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged.

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Standardization, Metrology, and Certification (EASC), a standards organization chartered by the Commonwealth of Independent States.

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Agreement on the Creation of the Interstate System of Documentary Encrypted Communications of the Commonwealth of Independent States

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formally dissolved the Soviet Union. This was followed by Ivan Korotchenya becoming Executive Secretary of the CIS on the same day.

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Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev proposed that CIS members take up a digitization agenda to modernize CIS economies.

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The Creation Agreement remained the main constituent document of the CIS until January 1993, when the CIS Charter (Russian:

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body that was formed in October 2002, following a Commonwealth of Independent States heads of states meeting which adopted the

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Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) agreement on cooperation in the provision of safety of hazardous industrial facilities

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by the Soviet Union. The CIS and Soviet Union also legally co-existed briefly with each other until 26 December 1991, when the

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receive official status in all of the CIS member states. So far Russian is an official language in only four states: Russia,

3196: 2305: 2301: 11516: 5827: 4085: 4041: 1279: 1245: 11947: 11626: 11394: 10483: 8333: 7565: 5007: 4202: 3268: 3173: 6041: 5176: 5129:"Charter of the Commonwealth of Independent States (with declaration and decisions). Adopted at Minsk on 22 Jan uary 1993" 4848: 11506: 11172: 11119: 11107: 9902: 9876: 8448: 7149: 6952: 5994: 5057: 4197:(the Ukrainian Parliament) voted 266 votes in favour and 51 against the joint economic space. However, most believe that 3207: 2480: 2069:

had said the country would not leave for the time being. An August 2021 poll conducted in Moldova (prior to the start of

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had been invited to or qualified for various 1992 sports events. A joint CIS team took its place in some of these. The "

3199:, an action Russia criticised. Many dozens of such observers from Belarus and Russia were stopped from reaching Moldova. 11554: 11549: 11269: 11217: 10604: 10360: 9983: 9756: 8683: 7525: 6734: 6303: 4864: 4092: 2537:, which is vested with the task of coordinating military cooperation of the CIS member states who wish to participate. 1198: 7270: 6936: 3168:

The election monitoring body has approved many elections which have been heavily criticised by independent observers.

11806: 11757: 11690: 11501: 11229: 10831: 10735: 10609: 10129: 10050: 9978: 9968: 9948: 9473: 8877: 8825: 8820: 8653: 8518: 8403: 6451: 5802: 5764: 5731: 5691: 5553: 5469:"R. Moldova a inițiat procedura de retragere din Adunarea Interparlamentară a CSI, anunță președintele Parlamentului" 4833: 2490:, continue to have among the world's poorest human rights records. Many activists point to examples such as the 2005 291: 277: 117: 7052: 4091: 4073: 2282:

Representatives of Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and other states at the 20–22 June 2000 CIS Summit in Moscow

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Ukraine did participate in the CIS and became an associate member of the CIS Economic Union in 1994, and signed the

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said the Moldovan government was considering the prospect of leaving the CIS, although at the end of May President

6825: 6520: 6350: 5902: 2258:

Founding state. Signatory of both the Belovezha Accords and the Alma-Ata Protocol. Has never been a full member.

11841: 11829: 11685: 11670: 11584: 11486: 11068: 10888: 10682: 10565: 10416: 10355: 9927: 9922: 9892: 9489: 8693: 8613: 8413: 8326: 8120: 8105: 7928: 7211: 7099: 6907: 6882: 6863: 5411: 5385: 4417: 4080: 3320: 1379: 1016: 6481: 4168:, agreement in principle about the creation of this space was announced after a meeting in the Moscow suburb of 3226:

uncovered a number of problems in relation to a new electorate law approved just prior to the elections and the

3124:

Commonwealth of Independent States Agreement on Free Trade in Services, Establishment, Operations and Investment

91: 11782: 11762: 11459: 11073: 10898: 10826: 10426: 8767: 8478: 4954: 4099:

showing the relationships among various supranational organisations in the territory of the former Soviet Union

3219: 2541:

three countries withdrew, leaving Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Tajikistan as members.

1496: 384: 55: 6974: 4078: 4077: 4076: 4072: 11853: 11680: 11544: 11496: 11257: 11051: 10925: 10908: 10687: 10436: 10060: 9683: 8830: 8688: 8036: 7126: 6902: 6270: 6018:

Yatsenyuk says Ukraine will drop Commonwealth of Independent States criminal search database system on Aug 24

5658: 5522: 3323:

for 1991–1992 was rebranded as a CIS championship, this lasted just one year before it became Russian bandy.

925: 6097: 4214:

do not allow it, we develop our policy following WTO principles". Ukraine has been a WTO member since 2008.

4069: 11449: 11124: 11019: 10820: 10728: 10672: 10536: 10526: 10365: 10009: 9807: 9751: 9678: 9501: 9466: 8558: 8553: 8528: 8408: 8070: 7979: 7923: 7223: 6503: 6239: 5352:"Proiectul hotărîrii cu privire la denunțarea Acordului de constituire a Comunității Statelor Independente" 5292:"Proiectul hotărîrii cu privire la denunțarea Acordului de constituire a Comunității Statelor Independente" 4586: 4442: 3288: 2553: 2549:

was appointed as Chief of Staff. The headquarters has now moved to 101000, Москва, Сверчков переулок, 3/2.

2520: 1435: 1233: 915: 324: 7590: 7300: 4622: 11922: 11730: 11712: 11478: 11336: 11297: 11264: 10954: 10942: 10858: 10760: 10657: 10431: 10097: 9850: 9746: 9688: 8060: 6207: 5583: 4128: 4086: 3215: 2579: 1656: 1597:

Convention on the Interparliamentary Assembly of Member Nations of the Commonwealth of Independent States

1588: 1571: 1306:

in Belarus, and signed the "Agreement Establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States", known as the

1147: 1076: 579: 565: 7271:"Виды спорта – I Фестиваль национальных видов спорта и игр государств – участников СНГ – Ульяновск 2017" 6826:

CIS Free Trade Agreement comes into force; Baker & McKenzi, Kyiv, Ukraine, Thursday, 18 October 2012

6330: 5381: 4090: 3230:

criticised the conduct of the elections, saying they "did not meet standards for openness and fairness".

2270:

Has not formally withdrawn from the Creation Agreement, thus it continues to be recognised as a founder.

2170:

country's declining faith in the confederation's ability to maintain internal stability in light of the

2092:

In December 2023, Moldova announced its intention to withdraw from the CIS entirely by the end of 2024.

11725: 11702: 11675: 10290: 10139: 9736: 8578: 8065: 7938: 4923: 4268: 3316: 3300: 3067: 3008: 900: 6592: 5933:"Проект Постанови про припинення членства та участі України в органах Співдружності Незалежних Держав" 11767: 11740: 11643: 9943: 9724: 9602: 8568: 8433: 8388: 8164: 7078: 5495:"PARLIAMENT ADOPTS IN FINAL READING LAW ON MOLDOVA'S WITHDRAWAL FROM CIS INTERPARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY" 4718:"Ministrul de Externe: Republica Moldova și-a SUSPENDAT participarea la reuniunile periodice ale CSI" 4088: 4081: 4079: 4071: 11735: 8149: 3332:Фестиваль национальных видов спорта и игр государств — участников Содружества Независимых Государств 2983: 11848: 10149: 9871: 9786: 9425: 8643: 8548: 4608: 4070: 3414: 6452:"Информация о Совете министров обороны государств – участников Содружества Независимых Государств" 6393:"Russia and the West: The 21st Century Security Environment (Eurasia in the 21st Century, Vol. I)" 4082: 3157:. The CIS-EMO has been sending election observers to member countries of the CIS since this time. 11927: 11097: 10652: 10578: 10382: 10170: 10055: 9766: 8813: 8785: 8523: 8468: 8085: 7234: 7201:

Interview: Top U.S. Diplomat Discusses Regional Developments, Abuses, Stalemates, And Cooperation

6072:"Poroshenko signs decree on final termination of Ukraine's participation in CIS statutory bodies" 5681: 4979: 4470: 4427: 4147: 4087: 4032: 1944:

Active participation in CIS ceased in November 2022. Plans to fully withdraw by the end of 2024.

1705: 1624:

Between 2003 and 2005, three CIS member states experienced a change of government in a series of

1383: 1320: 1103: 1095: 774: 708: 44: 20: 10531: 6770: 1282:, many republics of the USSR declared their independence fearing another coup. A week after the 1110:. While the first and the second are military and economic alliances, the third aims to reach a 11777: 11369: 11307: 10619: 8508: 8398: 6124:"Kyrgyz envoy: CIS to consider Ukraine's withdrawal as soon as Kyiv files official application" 3312: 2974: 740: 702: 10521: 4828:

Plokhy, Serhii, The Last Empire: The final days of the Soviet Union, Oneworld, London (2014),

4504: 11896: 10868: 10702: 10614: 10573: 10387: 10283: 10240: 10144: 9826: 8678: 8633: 8349: 8295: 8235: 7332:"Russia's Cultural Diplomacy in the South Caucasus: Instruments, Assets and Challenges Ahead" 6541: 5962: 5932: 5792: 4579:"Commonwealth of Independent States – Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus" 2078: 1299: 1008: 5148: 3071:

Tajikistan's ratification of Uzbekistan's accession to the 2011 CIS Free Trade Area Treaty.

3018: 11658: 11521: 11341: 11139: 10853: 10550: 10225: 9612: 9430: 9271: 8724: 8708: 8223: 8157: 7650: 6535:"Petro Jacyk Program – Centre for Russian and East European Studies, University of Toronto" 3296: 3292: 3227: 2989: 167: 11745: 8846: 3050: 8: 11885: 11614: 11419: 11348: 11156: 11005: 10883: 10805: 10778: 10667: 10646: 10640: 10220: 9897: 9781: 9776: 8795: 8703: 8443: 7629: 7404: 7382: 6664: 4786: 4775: 4500: 4173: 3339: 3150: 2426: 2296: 1664: 1629: 1214: 1182: 1111: 884: 175: 9959:

Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)

6347:"Commonwealth of Independent States Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms" 6271:

Statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia on Georgia's withdrawal from CIS

2325:

CIS agreement on cooperation in evacuating nationals from third countries in emergencies

11752: 11663: 10980: 10893: 10783: 10773: 10677: 10560: 8760: 8745: 8307: 6412: 4683:"There is no "debt" of Ukraine to the CIS — the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine" 4437: 4058: 3367: 3272: 3012: 2525: 2434: 2416: 1672: 1645: 1394: 1186: 1064: 858: 7360: 6991: 6222: 3025:

Commonwealth of Independent States Agreement on the Establishment of a Free Trade Area

11860: 11800: 11579: 11365: 11061: 10863: 10848: 10790: 10662: 10004: 9771: 9731: 9519: 8638: 8498: 7902: 7726: 7716: 7698: 7692: 7177: 7024: 6992:"Единый реестр правовых актов и других документов Содружества Независимых Государств" 6788:"Единый реестр правовых актов и других документов Содружества Независимых Государств" 6787: 6757:"Единый реестр правовых актов и других документов Содружества Независимых Государств" 6690:"Единый реестр правовых актов и других документов Содружества Независимых Государств" 6689: 5963:"Проект Закону про зупинення дії Угоди про створення Співдружності Незалежних Держав" 5798: 5760: 5719: 5687: 5058:"Eastern Partnership – EEAS – European External Action Service – European Commission" 4845: 4829: 4516: 4272: 4207: 4198: 3223: 3177: 3119: 2385: 2171: 1633: 1625: 1554: 1371: 1367: 1225: 1131: 1083:

voiced its intention to progressively withdraw from the CIS institutional framework.

1060: 1044: 1040: 830: 818: 612: 598: 217: 153: 10024: 8698: 7445: 7246: 5630: 1663:

In May 2009, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine joined the

10340: 9761: 9714: 9698: 9635: 9458: 9445: 9440: 9435: 8628: 8110: 7469: 7014: 6404: 6193: 6180:"Ukraine's parliament withdraws from agreement on CIS Inter-Parliamentary Assembly" 6127: 4461: 3418: 3327: 3240: 3142: 3093: 2491: 2312: 2304:, a new bill to denounce the CIS agreement was introduced. In September 2015, the 1977:

Founding state. Signatory of both the Belovezha Accords and the Alma-Ata Protocol.

1839:

Founding state. Signatory of both the Belovezha Accords and the Alma-Ata Protocol.

1613: 1311: 1307: 1287: 1237: 1178: 1170: 1162: 1139: 1028: 865: 824: 374: 225: 6154:"Executive Committee Chairman: CIS states interested in keeping Ukraine as member" 4653:"Ukraine Announces Plans To Quit CIS, Terminate Parts Of Russia Friendship Treaty" 4052: 3180:

and brought into power the former opposition, was questioned by the CIS while the

2156:

Founding state. Signatory of the Alma-Ata Protocol. Has never been a full member.

11772: 10985: 10937: 10843: 10555: 10516: 10377: 9741: 9662: 9650: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8573: 8211: 7452: 7253: 7230: 7207: 7188: 7184: 7106: 6978: 6959: 6940: 6889: 6870: 6851: 6832: 6644:"For Ukraine, Moldova, and Georgia Free Trade with Europe and Russia is Possible" 6378: 6307: 6277: 6246: 6024: 6001: 5831: 5824: 5637: 5274: 5182: 5011: 4884: 4432: 4369: 4335: 4294: 2993: 2984:

Supranational integration initiatives, trade, and economic cooperation within CIS

2546: 2288: 836: 203: 189: 7558: 6258: 5004: 3311:

played some friendlies in January 1992 and made its last appearance at the 1992

2333:

Agreement on the Establishment of the Council of Commanders of the Border Troops

11792: 11720: 11000: 10990: 10697: 10692: 10256: 10195: 10180: 10076: 10019: 10014: 9655: 9597: 9592: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9514: 9310: 8588: 8533: 8438: 8378: 8283: 8271: 8095: 7019: 7006: 5966: 5936: 4225:

had been envisioned for 2012, but instead the customs union was renamed as the

4193: 3386: 3382: 3355: 3304: 3085: 2495: 2278: 2183: 2073:) found that 48.1% of respondents supported Moldova's withdrawal from the CIS. 1668: 1604: 1409: 1303: 1174: 1135: 253: 239: 8424:

Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation

7429: 6643: 5903:"Draft documents on Ukraine's withdrawal from CIS submitted to Verkhovna Rada" 5149:"Сведения о ратификации документов, принятых в рамках СНГ в 1991 – 2014 годах" 11911: 11653: 10707: 10541: 9845: 9645: 9639: 8753: 8503: 8363: 8247: 7047: 7028: 6756: 5614: 5494: 4852: 4799: 4402: 4383: 4355: 4302: 4222: 4153: 4096: 3347: 3113: 3106:

is the only full CIS member state not to participate in the free trade area.

3074: 2186:

never ratified the agreement on membership of the CIS in accordance with the

1691: 1608: 1398: 1375: 1295: 1036: 852: 812: 7075:"Foreign observers differ in their evaluation of the election in Uzbekistan" 6742: 6297: 6098:"CIS Executive Secretary hopes Ukraine will remain member nation of the CIS" 2584:

Corruption and bureaucracy are serious problems for trade in CIS countries.

2529:

The members of the Council of Ministers of Defense meeting in Moscow in 2017

11536: 11357: 10751: 10421: 10318: 10306: 9587: 9305: 9232: 8393: 8290: 8199: 8100: 7865: 7775: 7278: 6933: 6430: 6208:"Ukraine pulls out of CIS deal on cooperation between border troops chiefs" 5241: 4553:"Russia's Federation Council ratifies annexation of four Ukrainian regions" 4422: 4316: 4306: 4260: 4169: 3359: 3256: 2487: 2135: 2062: 1637: 1355: 1229: 1194: 1143: 1032: 1020: 989: 846: 541: 8429:

Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America – Peoples' Trade Treaty

8042:

GOST (Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification)

6717: 6455: 5877:"Результати пошуку законопроектiв, зареєстрованих Верховною Радою України" 4156:

between the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries of Russia,

1274:

executive committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States) as of 2024.

11399: 11361: 11353: 10975: 10959: 10873: 10815: 10470: 10215: 10210: 9964:

Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA)

9866: 9627: 9607: 9582: 9561: 9556: 9550: 9420: 8598: 8373: 8318: 8090: 7948: 7856: 7796: 7704: 7042: 6567:"Nazarbayev proposes CIS modernisation, meets EUAU counterparts in Sochi" 5825:

September 2008 Statement by Foreign Minister of Ukraine Volodymyr Ohryzko

4747:"Moldova looking into quitting CIS amid Russia-Ukraine war – foreign min" 4397: 4341: 4238: 3453: 3019:

1994 Framework for Bilateral Free Trade Agreements and Freedom of Transit

2438: 2187: 1652: 1422: 1421:

All the founding states apart from Ukraine and Turkmenistan ratified the

1221: 1107: 625: 7896:

Former "participant" that renounced 1991 agreements and 1993 Charter (1)

6416: 6392: 5214: 4877: 4363: 11389: 10185: 9617: 9566: 9529: 9524: 9347: 9115: 9054: 9041: 9002: 8989: 8302: 8278: 8259: 8242: 8230: 8194: 7845: 7840: 7825: 7820: 7810: 7785: 7770: 7755: 7750: 7740: 7007:"Zombies ahead: Explaining the rise of low-quality election monitoring" 5910: 4264: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4185: 4165: 3363: 3343: 3252: 3248: 3103: 3051:

1999 Protocol introducing a multilateral free trade among ten countries

2082: 2066: 2023: 1990: 1887: 1853: 1786: 1592: 1537: 1363: 1359: 1347: 1343: 1339: 517: 504: 464: 451: 425: 10720: 6622: 5536: 5005:

Russia questions further existence of the CIS post-soviet organisation

11609: 11604: 11426: 11319: 11149: 10810: 10460: 10323: 9245: 8489:

Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership

8179: 7456: 7257: 6408: 6028: 5849: 5415: 5278: 5237:"Russia Erecting Monument to 'Little Green Men' Who Took Over Crimea" 4512: 3335: 1056: 4950: 3271:, President Yanukovych stated "Ukraine will continue to promote the 33: 11599: 11144: 10878: 10838: 9912: 9180: 9141: 9078: 9015: 8583: 6971: 5617:, CIS Executive Committee meeting in Kazan, Russia, 26 August 2005 4298: 3495: 3461: 3436: 3260: 3255:. Russian is also considered an official language in the region of 2454: 7875:

1991 agreements parties that do not participate in the summits (2)

7118: 6812: 5650: 5554:"Ukraine's withdrawal from CIS to take one year – Vestnik Kavkaza" 5382:"Moldova Says It Would Leave CIS Only After Becoming EU Candidate" 3402:

was declared the CIS Cultural Capital of the year, in 2022 it was

2566:

In 2007, CSTO members agreed to create a CSTO peacekeeping force.

1024:

lawmaking, and security, including cross-border crime prevention.

11491: 10995: 10506: 10465: 9334: 9193: 9128: 9102: 8937: 8254: 8218: 8206: 7886: 7881: 7830: 7815: 7805: 7760: 7745: 7735: 7564:. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 6477: 6101: 4407: 4161: 4157: 3403: 3375: 3351: 3264: 3244: 2459: 2442: 2239: 1921: 1819: 1753: 1508: 1467: 1459: 1351: 1335: 1119: 1080: 1068: 1048: 1012: 907: 477: 438: 412: 4282: 3378:. A few demonstration sports were also a part of the programme. 3283:

At the time of the Soviet Union's dissolution in December 1991,

3029: 1675:

of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine.

1265:

committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States) as of 2024.

10275: 9373: 9258: 9167: 9028: 8266: 7835: 7765: 7308: 7005:

Bush, Sarah Sunn; Cottiero, Christina; Prather, Lauren (2024).

5268:

In Moldova propose to denounce the agreement on creation of CIS

4948: 4276: 4177: 4172:

on 23 February 2003. The Common Economic Space would involve a

4053:

Post-Soviet organisations and initiatives outside CIS framework

2476: 1957: 1671:(EU). The EaP framework governs the EU's relationship with the 1566: 1549: 1532: 1491: 1334:

1991, the leaders of eight additional former Soviet Republics (

1249: 1115: 1052: 903: 491: 353: 7430:"Life expectancy and Healthy life expectancy, data by country" 6504:"The Collective Security Treaty Organization:A Brief Overview" 5537:"Moldova Plans to Fully Withdraw from Moscow-led Bloc by 2024" 5177:"Georgia calls on west to condemn Abkhazia treaty with Russia" 5028:"Russia Facing Resistance With Allies On CIS's Southern Flank" 11414: 11292: 10231:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

10200: 10165: 10134: 9953: 9399: 9287: 9219: 9206: 9154: 8963: 8950: 8418: 8383: 6045: 6005: 5797:. International Business Publications, USA. 7 February 2007. 3399: 3371: 2513:

United Armed Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States

348: 7680: 7640: 5651:"Історія членства України в Співдружності Незалежних Держав" 5509:"Moldovan Authorities Denounce Another Seven CIS Agreements" 4243: 3195:

Moldovan authorities refused to invite CIS observers in the

1173:

social, cultural, and economic space has its origins in the

11526: 11302: 10230: 10135:

Australia–New Zealand–United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)

10081: 9917: 9386: 9360: 8976: 8876: 8835: 8673: 8593: 8428: 8041: 7470:"Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus plan on common economic space" 4181: 4136: 3385:

took place in Kazan with 9 nations and 2,000 athletes. The

2970: 7645: 4878:

Ratification status of CIS documents as of 15 January 2008

4313:

which aims to forge closer integration among the members.

3114:

2023 Agreement on Free Trade in Services among 7 countries

3089:

Stamp of 1991–2011, the Commonwealth of Independent States

3075:

2011 multilateral Free Trade Area Treaty among 9 countries

1090:. Three organizations originated from the CIS, namely the 11511: 11331: 10205: 9872:

Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)

6223:"Georgia opts out of ex-Soviet military cooperation body" 4980:"Georgia opts out of ex-Soviet military cooperation body" 4211: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2250: 2245: 2145: 2140: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1440:

The work of CIS is coordinated by the General Secretary.

1390: 964: 960: 956: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 9974:

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

9908:

Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)

8775: 8544:

GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development

7646:

Interstate Statistical Committee of the CIS (in Russian)

4323:

GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development

4317:

GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development

4229:

and expanded to include Armenia and Kyrgyzstan in 2015.

1302:

Natural Reserve, about 50 km (31 mi) north of

180: 10190: 8539:

Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America

7247:

Yanukovych: Ukraine will not have second state language

6521:"How to intervene symbolically: The CSTO in Kazakhstan" 6391:

Legvold, Robert; Arbatov, Alexei; Kaiser, Karl (2000).

5683:

Economic Interdependence in Ukrainian-Russian Relations

4611:

of each member state, the total area is 28 509 317 km².

4019:

Life expectancy at birth in countries of CIS since 1960

1086:

Eight of the nine CIS member states participate in the

9825: 7583: 4787:

https://cis.minsk.by/reestrv2/print/documentCard?ids=6

4776:

https://cis.minsk.by/reestrv2/print/documentCard?ids=1

4607:

Corresponds to the terrestrial surface. Including the

2061:

On 14 June 2022, Moldovan Minister of Foreign Affairs

158: 7855:

Self-proclaimed "associate member" as defined in the

7635: 7119:"CIS Observers Outraged by Deportation of Colleagues" 5548: 5546: 5523:"Moldova, önümüzdeki yılın sonunda BDT'den ayrılacak" 5442:"Молдова виходить із десятків договорів у рамках СНД" 4475: 2441:

announced during a public speech in the capital city

1710: 1325: 1298:, when the leaders of the three republics met at the 977: 230: 10236:

Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF)

9488: 8609:

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

7524:. Centralasia.foreignpolicyblogs.com. Archived from 6390: 4855:: 11 countries accede to the CIS, 21 December 1991 ( 4499: 4331: 4232: 3182:

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

2559:

In 2002, the six member states agreed to create the

2043:

Founding state. Signatory of the Alma-Ata Protocol.

1907:

Founding state. Signatory of the Alma-Ata Protocol.

1874:

Founding state. Signatory of the Alma-Ata Protocol.

208: 194: 7004: 5631:

Turkmenistan reduces CIS ties to "Associate Member"

4184:, would initially be headed by a representative of 1773:Founding state. Signatory of the Alma-Ata Protocol 258: 244: 58:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 10000:Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation 8791:Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Program 8624:Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation 7591:"Eurasian economic integration: figures and facts" 7178:EU will not condemn the local elections in Ukraine 6953:Dushanbe ratifies agreement on CIS free trade area 6319:Georgia's CIS membership terminates in August 2009 5640:, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 29 August 2005. 5543: 5175: 3417:in the countries of CIS in 2021, according to the 3081:Commonwealth of Independent States Free Trade Area 2198:Commonwealth of Independent States Free Trade Area 2056:Adapted Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty 6972:Tajikistan ratifies CIS Free Trade Zone Agreement 2475:In 1991, four years before the 1995 human rights 11909: 11600:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences 8659:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation 8484:Community of Latin American and Caribbean States 6864:Kazakhstan ratified agreement on Free Trade zone 6372:"Democracy Deficit Grows in Former Soviet Union" 3172:The democratic nature of the final round of the 10221:India–Brazil–South Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA) 6735:"Соглашение о создании зоны свободной торговли" 6331:"Georgia Withdraws from Bloc", by Ellen Barry, 5615:Decision on Turkmenistan's associate membership 4873: 4871: 4800:"How three men signed the USSR's death warrant" 4219:Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia 4066: 1240:. The new treaty signing never happened as the 1122:with a common government, currency, and so on. 10166:Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS) 10046:Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) 9954:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 8384:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 6883:Armenia ratifies CIS free trade zone agreement 6845:Russia’s Duma ratifies Eurasian Economic Union 6335:, 18 August 2009. Retrieved on 22 August 2009. 6259:Georgian parliament votes to withdraw from CIS 6194:"Ukraine continues to denounce CIS agreements" 5845:"Bill introduced to withdraw Ukraine from CIS" 5724:"Ukraine withdraws all envoys from CIS bodies" 5412:"Poll: Over 70% Moldovans favor EU membership" 4509:The Territories of the Russian Federation 2020 1644:withdrawing in the immediate aftermath of the 1582: 1224:and a rising political crisis in the country, 663:20,368,759 km (7,864,422 sq mi) 10736: 10291: 9474: 8862: 8761: 8474:Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations 8334: 8165: 7666: 7432:. World Health Organization. 4 December 2022. 7355: 7353: 6042:"Ukraine to officially quit CIS – Poroshenko" 5143: 5141: 4413:Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations 4311:Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations 4289:Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations 4283:Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations 4108: 1698: 1595:. On 26 May 1995, the CIS leaders signed the 8081:Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Union 7446:Yanukovych: Ukraine won't join Customs Union 7173: 7171: 5679: 4868: 4133:Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Union 2499:meeting even basic international standards. 1191:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 8649:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership 7970:Collective Security Treaty (1992-1999/2002) 7397: 6593:"GDP per capita (current US$ ) | Data" 5718: 4839: 4152:After a discussion about the creation of a 1694:of the Commonwealth of Independent States. 1667:(EaP), a project that was initiated by the 10743: 10729: 10298: 10284: 10176:Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries 9903:Central American Integration System (SICA) 9481: 9467: 8869: 8855: 8768: 8754: 8348: 8341: 8327: 8172: 8158: 7985:Council of Ministers of Defense of the CIS 7727:1991 agreements parties and "participants" 7673: 7659: 7350: 7043:"Election fraud: How to steal an election" 6962:, Vestnik Kavkaza. Retrieved 22 June 2018. 6623:"Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)" 5995:Ukraine to selectively work as part of CIS 5138: 4114: 4102: 3234: 3141:The CIS-Election Monitoring Organisation ( 2517:Council of Ministers of Defense of the CIS 1284:Ukrainian independence referendum was held 1063:withdrew its membership in 2008 following 11938:United Nations General Assembly observers 10114:South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone 10082:North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 9918:North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 9877:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) 8664:South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone 8594:North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 8514:Economic Community of West African States 7636:Official CIS internet portal (in Russian) 7375: 7168: 7018: 7011:The Review of International Organizations 6854:, odessatalk.com. Retrieved 22 June 2018. 5123: 5121: 4903:: 3 founding countries, 8 December 1991 ( 4901:Agreement on the Establishment of the CIS 4894: 4571: 4477:Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv, SNG 4244:Organisation of Central Asian Cooperation 2267:Denounced various CIS treaties as of 2023 206:: Көз карандысыз Мамлекеттер Шериктештиги 118:Learn how and when to remove this message 10442:Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia 10130:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 10041:Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 9984:Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat (TCS) 9949:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 9928:Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) 8604:Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States 7682:Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 7632:Web Archives (archived 20 July 2006) 7496:"Central Asian Cooperation Organisation" 6729: 6727: 6712: 6710: 6283: 5794:Russia and Nis Mineral Industry Handbook 5119: 5117: 5115: 5113: 5111: 5109: 5107: 5105: 5103: 5101: 4974: 4972: 4924:"Russia Economic Conditions in Mid-1996" 4141: 4062: 3186:Ukrainian Independent Information Agency 3092: 3084: 3028: 2524: 2453: 2277: 2264:Withdrew its representatives in May 2018 1408: 1268: 1259: 1156: 1125: 160:Hamagortsakts’ut’yun Ankakh petut’yunner 156:: Համագործակցություն Անկախ պետություններ 11958:1991 establishments in the Soviet Union 10750: 10051:Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) 9979:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) 9969:Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) 8878:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) 8809:Collective Security Treaty Organization 8459:Collective Security Treaty Organization 8116:Collective Security Treaty Organization 7693:Belovezh Agreement establishing the CIS 7441: 7439: 7424: 7422: 7150:"CIS: Monitoring The Election Monitors" 6559: 6264: 5990: 5988: 5208: 5173: 5076: 5062:EEAS – European External Action Service 5025: 4621:Лащенко, Олександр (26 November 2020). 4620: 4601: 4466:Содружество Независимых Государств, СНГ 4392:Collective Security Treaty Organization 4203:Ukrainian presidential election of 2004 3315:, where it also played against the new 2561:Collective Security Treaty Organisation 2509:Collective Security Treaty Organization 2342: 2261:Largely ceased to participate from 2014 1619: 1203:Declaration of the Creation of the USSR 1197:(USSR) upon its creation with the 1922 1092:Collective Security Treaty Organization 1009:regional intergovernmental organization 210:Köz karandısız Mamleketter Şerikteştigi 16:Eurasian intergovernmental organization 11910: 10769:Index of Soviet Union–related articles 10546:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 9803:Composite Index of National Capability 8669:Southern African Development Community 8564:Latin American Integration Association 8369:Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization 7699:Alma-Ata Protocol establishing the CIS 7147: 7129:from the original on 27 September 2007 6943:, azernews.az. Retrieved 22 June 2018. 6903:"Uzbekistan Joins CIS Free-Trade Zone" 6873:www.kaztag.kz. Retrieved 22 June 2018. 6064: 5907:Information Telegraph Agency of Russia 5752: 5624: 5608: 5211:"Donbas: A new 'black hole' in Europe" 5151:. Commonwealth of Independent States. 4797: 3208:Kyrgyz parliamentary elections of 2005 3136: 2964: 10724: 10512:1949 East German State Railway strike 10484:World Federation of Democratic Youth 10279: 9923:Organization of American States (OAS) 9893:Association of Caribbean States (ACS) 9824: 9462: 8850: 8749: 8735:Regionalism (international relations) 8619:Organization of Ibero-American States 8454:Central European Free Trade Agreement 8322: 8153: 7654: 7571:from the original on 26 February 2008 7502:from the original on 23 February 2013 6819: 6763: 6724: 6707: 6381:2011. date retrieved 12 February 2014 5943:from the original on 11 December 2014 5466: 5356:Parliament of the Republic of Moldova 5326:Parliament of the Republic of Moldova 5296:Parliament of the Republic of Moldova 5190:from the original on 10 December 2022 5098: 4969: 4949:Information and Publish. Department. 4741: 4739: 4724:from the original on 30 November 2022 4623:"Is Ukraine still in the CIS or not?" 3197:2005 Moldovan parliamentary elections 3147:Миссия наблюдателей от СНГ на выборах 2617: 2614: 2609: 2600: 2306:Ukrainian Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1232:, proposed a federation by holding a 10383:Soviet response to the Marshall Plan 8776:Central Asian regional organizations 8730:Regional organizations by population 7641:CIS Executive Committee (in Russian) 7436: 7419: 7407:. The World Bank Group. 29 June 2023 7385:. The World Bank Group. 29 June 2023 7363:. The World Bank Group. 29 June 2023 6934:Uzbekistan joins CIS free trade zone 6915:from the original on 29 October 2021 6220: 6134:from the original on 9 November 2020 6078:from the original on 24 January 2023 5985: 5773:from the original on 24 January 2023 5673: 5392:from the original on 29 January 2018 5362:from the original on 31 January 2018 5155:from the original on 2 November 2012 4810:from the original on 7 December 2022 4712: 4710: 4708: 4529:from the original on 24 January 2023 3206:Soon after CIS observers hailed the 3174:2004 Ukrainian presidential election 2010:Signatory of the Alma-Ata Protocol. 1806:Signatory of the Alma-Ata Protocol. 1591:was established on 27 March 1992 in 1429: 1177:, which was replaced in 1917 by the 232:Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv 228:: Содружество Независимых Государств 67:"Commonwealth of Independent States" 56:adding citations to reliable sources 27: 9694:International relations (1814–1919) 8449:Central American Integration System 7329: 7077:. Enews.ferghana.ru. Archived from 6603:from the original on 10 August 2020 6252: 6233: 6221:Team, Editorial (3 February 2006). 5564:from the original on 13 August 2018 4633:from the original on 17 August 2021 4122: 3131: 3097:2011 treaty signatories and parties 2481:European Convention on Human Rights 2311:In April 2018, Ukrainian President 2095: 1942:Signatory of the Alma-Ata Protocol. 1193:became the leading republic in the 1027:As the Soviet Union disintegrated, 220:: Comunitatea Statelor Independente 13: 11918:Commonwealth of Independent States 10605:Sovietization of the Baltic states 10010:European Political Community (EPC) 9293:Commonwealth of Independent States 8804:Commonwealth of Independent States 8684:Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat 8464:Commonwealth of Independent States 8182:Commonwealth of Independent States 7405:"Life expectancy at birth, female" 7224:Ukraine's Ballot Flawed, U.S. Says 6981:, AKIpress. Retrieved 22 June 2018 6892:, arka.am. Retrieved 22 June 2018. 6484:from the original on 5 August 2022 6470: 6160:from the original on 19 April 2019 6052:from the original on 13 April 2018 5973:from the original on 29 April 2015 5857:from the original on 27 March 2014 5753:Sussex, Matthew (4 October 2012). 5643: 5596:from the original on 30 March 2019 5460: 5422:from the original on 4 August 2021 5249:from the original on 28 April 2015 5174:Buckley, Neil (25 November 2014). 4951:"CIS Inter-Parliamentary Assembly" 4736: 3409: 3392: 2190:so Ukraine never became a member. 1682: 1001:Commonwealth of Independent States 14: 11969: 11943:Organizations established in 1991 10476:World Federation of Trade Unions 8826:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation 8821:Economic Cooperation Organization 8654:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation 8519:Economic Cooperation Organization 8404:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 7619: 7603:from the original on 14 July 2014 7522:"Collective Security: A Timeline" 7476:from the original on 1 April 2013 7361:"Life expectancy at birth, total" 7156:from the original on 14 June 2008 5883:from the original on 4 March 2016 5026:Pannier, Bruce (9 October 2009). 4986:from the original on 9 March 2014 4930:from the original on 26 July 2013 4798:Newman, Dina (24 December 2016). 4757:from the original on 14 June 2022 4705: 4693:from the original on 10 July 2022 4645: 4233:Union State of Russia and Belarus 2177: 1525:4 March 1999 – 2 April 1999 1185:earlier that year. Following the 192:: Тәуелсіз Мемлекеттер Достастығы 182:Sadružnasć Niezaliežnych Dziaržaŭ 11892: 11891: 11879: 10693:January 1991 events in Lithuania 10351:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina 10305: 10140:Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG) 9490:Power in international relations 9392: 9379: 9366: 9353: 9340: 9327: 9298: 9264: 9251: 9238: 9225: 9212: 9199: 9186: 9173: 9160: 9147: 9134: 9121: 9108: 9095: 9071: 9047: 9034: 9021: 9008: 8995: 8982: 8969: 8956: 8943: 8930: 8494:Council of the Baltic Sea States 8301: 8289: 8277: 8265: 8253: 8241: 8229: 8217: 8205: 8193: 8134: 8133: 7514: 7488: 7462: 7383:"Life expectancy at birth, male" 7323: 7293: 7263: 7240: 7217: 7194: 7141: 7111: 7093: 7067: 7055:from the original on 14 May 2012 7035: 6998: 6984: 6965: 6946: 6927: 6895: 6876: 6857: 6569:. Astana Calling. Archived from 6240:Georgia intends to leave the CIS 5700:from the original on 27 May 2023 5661:from the original on 9 July 2022 5448:(in Ukrainian). 23 February 2023 4982:. Pravda.Ru. 11 September 2001. 4663:from the original on 8 July 2022 4376: 4362: 4348: 4334: 4040: 4024: 4012: 3278: 2533:The CIS Charter establishes the 2378: 2232: 2128: 2016: 1983: 1950: 1914: 1880: 1846: 1812: 1779: 1746: 1718: 1565: 1548: 1531: 1507: 1490: 1466: 1458: 679: 678: 534: 510: 497: 484: 470: 457: 444: 431: 418: 405: 307: 290: 276: 256:: Мустақил Давлатлар Ҳамдўстлиги 178:: Садружнасць Незалежных Дзяржаў 32: 11933:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 10417:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic 9944:Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD) 8694:Union of South American Nations 8614:Organization of American States 8414:Association of Caribbean States 8121:Collective Rapid Reaction Force 8106:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 7929:Unified Team at the Paralympics 7551: 7212:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 6908:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 6838: 6805: 6780: 6749: 6682: 6650: 6636: 6615: 6585: 6527: 6513: 6496: 6444: 6435: 6423: 6384: 6365: 6339: 6324: 6312: 6214: 6200: 6186: 6172: 6146: 6116: 6090: 6034: 6011: 5955: 5925: 5895: 5869: 5837: 5818: 5785: 5746: 5712: 5680:d'Anieri, Paul J. (July 1999). 5576: 5529: 5515: 5501: 5487: 5467:Fetco, Verônica (15 May 2023). 5434: 5404: 5386:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 5374: 5344: 5314: 5284: 5261: 5229: 5202: 5167: 5050: 5038:from the original on 9 May 2013 5032:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 5019: 4998: 4957:from the original on 8 May 2013 4942: 4916: 4822: 4791: 4780: 4769: 4689:(in Ukrainian). 8 August 2019. 4657:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 4418:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 3389:took place in 2023 in Belarus. 3321:Soviet Union bandy championship 3222:were organised well. While the 3220:2010 local elections in Ukraine 3214:International observers of the 3000:Agreement on the Economic Union 2563:(CSTO) as a military alliance. 2535:Council of Ministers of Defence 2466: 1397:underwent economic reforms and 260:Mustaqil Davlatlar Hamdoʻstligi 196:Täuelsız Memleketter Dostastyğy 43:needs additional citations for 10150:Polynesian Leaders Group (PLG) 10056:Eurasian Economic Union (EaEU) 8479:Community of Democratic Choice 6454:. Cis.minsk.by. Archived from 6294:unofficial English translation 5759:. Cambridge University Press. 5209:Rettman, Andrew (7 May 2015). 5087:unofficial English translation 4905:unofficial English translation 4675: 4614: 4545: 4493: 4455: 1559:14 July 2004 – 5 October 2007 1413:The 20–22 June 2000 CIS Summit 1404: 1015:. It was formed following the 1: 11953:1991 establishments in Europe 11432:Political abuse of psychiatry 11224:Congress of People's Deputies 10698:January 1991 events in Latvia 10688:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 10437:Socialist Republic of Romania 10412:People's Republic of Bulgaria 10404:People's Republic of Albania 10373:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état 10061:Organization of Turkic States 9898:Caribbean Community (CARICOM) 9684:List of medieval great powers 8831:Organization of Turkic States 8689:Organization of Turkic States 8444:Caribbean Community (CARICOM) 8037:Interstate Aviation Committee 7949:CIS national rugby union team 6478:"From Treaty to Organization" 6100:. 1 June 2018. Archived from 5909:. 27 May 2014. Archived from 4486: 3301:CIS association football team 3275:as its only state language." 3259:and the autonomous region of 2346: 2205: 2103: 1722: 1678: 1501:29 April 1998 – 4 March 1999 1152: 1098:(alongside subdivisions, the 242:: Иттиходи Давлатҳои Мустақил 145:(in other regional languages) 10683:Collapse of the Soviet Union 10673:Fall of communism in Albania 9808:Comprehensive National Power 9679:List of ancient great powers 8554:Indian Ocean Rim Association 8529:European Political Community 8409:Assembly of European Regions 8071:Eurasian Patent Organization 7980:Joint CIS Air Defense System 7944:CIS national ice hockey team 7924:Unified Team at the Olympics 4221:was thus created in 2010, A 2554:joint CIS Air Defense System 2521:Joint CIS Air Defense System 2415:Withdrew as a result of the 2071:Russia's invasion of Ukraine 1636:was elected in Ukraine; and 1542:2 April 1999 – 14 July 2004 1484:14 May 1993 – 29 April 1998 1436:General Secretary of the CIS 1278:Following the events of the 1238:union of sovereign republics 1073:Russian annexation of Crimea 992:(руб) used from 1991 to 1994 325:Russian-occupied territories 170:: Müstəqil Dövlətlər Birliyi 7: 11948:1991 establishments in Asia 11595:Academy of Medical Sciences 10658:End of communism in Hungary 10427:Hungarian People's Republic 10145:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) 10098:Union for the Mediterranean 9851:Union for the Mediterranean 9689:List of modern great powers 8061:Eurasian Economic Community 8021:2023 Free Trade in Services 7544: 6261:on BBC News, 14 August 2008 6249:on CNN.com, 12 August 2008. 5756:Conflict in the Former USSR 4476: 4327: 4267:formed the OCAC in 1991 as 4129:Eurasian Economic Community 4035:in countries of CIS in 2019 3216:Interparliamentary Assembly 2580:Economy of the Soviet Union 2502: 2486:CIS members, especially in 2449: 2425:Following the overthrow of 2302:2014 parliamentary election 2295:Following the start of the 1711: 1657:Eurasian Economic Community 1640:was toppled in Kyrgyzstan. 1632:was overthrown in Georgia; 1589:Interparliamentary Assembly 1583:Interparliamentary Assembly 1326: 1255: 1236:to preserve the Union as a 1077:Russian invasion of Ukraine 580:Interparliamentary Assembly 259: 246:Ittixodi Davlathoi Mustaqil 245: 231: 209: 195: 181: 159: 10: 11974: 10422:German Democratic Republic 10226:Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) 9737:Hegemonic stability theory 8579:Melanesian Spearhead Group 8066:Eurasian Patent Convention 7975:United Armed Forces (1992) 7939:CIS national football team 7334:. Ayape.EU. Archived from 7020:10.1007/s11558-024-09554-3 4320: 4286: 4269:Central Asian Commonwealth 4236: 4145: 4126: 4056: 3958: 3908: 3858: 3808: 3758: 3708: 3658: 3608: 3558: 3508: 3317:Russia national bandy team 3239:Russia has urged that the 3117: 3078: 3068:International Trade Centre 3033:1994 agreement signatories 3022: 3009:differentiated integration 2987: 2968: 2577: 2573: 2506: 2458:Meeting of CIS leaders in 2049: 1433: 1327:Belovezhskiye soglasheniya 1129: 1059:chose not to participate. 697:11.77/km (30.5/sq mi) 480:(suspended participation) 18: 11873: 11817: 11791: 11711: 11634: 11625: 11570: 11477: 11440: 11380: 11283: 11245: 11165: 11027: 11018: 10968: 10916: 10907: 10759: 10633: 10610:Information dissemination 10587: 10537:1956 Hungarian Revolution 10527:1953 East German uprising 10495: 10453: 10396: 10333: 10313: 10249: 10158: 10122: 10106: 10090: 10069: 10033: 9992: 9936: 9885: 9859: 9838: 9834: 9820: 9795: 9707: 9671: 9626: 9575: 9500: 9496: 9408: 9319: 9280: 9087: 9063: 8920: 8884: 8781: 8717: 8569:Latin American Parliament 8389:Asia Cooperation Dialogue 8356: 8188: 8129: 8051:Outside the CIS framework 8050: 8029: 7993: 7962: 7916: 7895: 7874: 7854: 7799:parties and "members" (9) 7794: 7725: 7714: 7688: 6023:18 September 2015 at the 5830:28 September 2008 at the 4465: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3331: 3146: 2927: 2892: 2857: 2822: 2787: 2752: 2717: 2682: 2647: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2606: 2603: 2376: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2126: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2014: 1981: 1948: 1911: 1878: 1843: 1810: 1777: 1744: 1739: 1736: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1699: 1576:5 October 2007 – Present 1315: 987: 970: 924: 914: 895: 793: 773: 763: 753: 739: 729: 719: 701: 691: 672: 667: 657: 652: 648: 635: 622: 609: 594: 590: 585: 575: 571: 561:• General Secretary 559: 555: 550: 390: 380: 370: 362: 339: 306: 272: 132: 10595:Emigration and defection 10432:Polish People's Republic 9827:Organizations and groups 9787:Superpower disengagement 9426:SCO Interbank Consortium 8644:Polynesian Leaders Group 8559:Liptako–Gourma Authority 8549:Gulf Cooperation Council 7206:24 November 2010 at the 6831:25 February 2014 at the 6377:22 February 2014 at the 5636:11 December 2008 at the 4609:Exclusive Economic Zones 4448: 4176:commission on trade and 3415:Life expectancy at birth 2998:On 24 September 1993 an 2433:In the aftermath of the 331: 321: 315: 19:Not to be confused with 11886:Soviet Union portal 10653:Fall of the Berlin Wall 10579:1981 protests in Kosovo 10517:Rebellion of Cazin 1950 10171:Commonwealth of Nations 10005:Council of Europe (CoE) 9767:Power transition theory 8814:Eurasian Economic Union 8786:Central Asia plus Japan 8524:Eurasian Economic Union 8469:Commonwealth of Nations 8086:Eurasian Economic Union 7934:CIS national bandy team 7235:The Wall Street Journal 7105:23 January 2009 at the 6441:SIPRI 1998 Annual, p.18 6000:28 January 2016 at the 4926:. Library of Congress. 4883:30 October 2008 at the 4428:Eurasian Economic Union 4309:are all members of the 4180:that would be based in 4148:Eurasian Economic Space 4033:healthy life expectancy 3338:. The main sports were 3269:Ukrainian 2010 election 3235:Russian language status 1384:Soviet of the Republics 1228:, the president of the 1104:Eurasian Economic Space 1096:Eurasian Economic Union 21:Commonwealth of Nations 11778:Stalinist architecture 11532:Science and technology 11442:Ideological repression 11370:Soviet Airborne Forces 11308:Destruction battalions 8509:East African Community 8399:Asia-Europe Foundation 8350:Regional organizations 7795:Additionally the 1993 7183:7 January 2017 at the 6349:. 1995. Archived from 4227:Eurasian Customs Union 4119: 3313:Russian Government Cup 3098: 3090: 3034: 2975:List of GOST standards 2530: 2463: 2283: 1687: 1414: 1316:Беловежские соглашения 1275: 1266: 1220:In March 1991, amidst 1166: 1100:Eurasian Customs Union 11560:List of metro systems 11113:Collective leadership 10703:Breakup of Yugoslavia 10241:Uniting for Consensus 8679:Three Seas Initiative 8634:Pacific Islands Forum 8434:British–Irish Council 8001:Common Economic Space 7229:10 March 2016 at the 5010:23 March 2007 at the 4154:common economic space 4142:Common Economic Space 4094: 4047:Elaboration by gender 3096: 3088: 3032: 2528: 2457: 2281: 2079:Parliament of Moldova 1686: 1412: 1300:Belovezhskaya Pushcha 1272: 1263: 1244:hardliners staged an 1160: 1126:History and structure 1075:. Following the 2022 333: Associate state 11522:Net material product 11465:Censorship of images 11382:Political repression 11342:Soviet Border Troops 11275:First Deputy Premier 10859:1965 economic reform 10854:Soviet space program 10551:1970 Polish protests 10532:1956 Poznań protests 10397:Soviet-allied states 10107:Africa–South America 10070:North America–Europe 9431:Eurasian Land Bridge 9272:United Arab Emirates 8725:Regional integration 8709:Western Balkans Quad 7559:"Russian Federation" 6977:22 June 2018 at the 6958:22 June 2018 at the 6939:1 April 2016 at the 6911:. 28 December 2013. 6888:22 June 2018 at the 6869:22 June 2018 at the 6850:22 June 2018 at the 6458:on 23 September 2015 4851:13 December 2012 at 4846:Alma-Ata Declaration 4720:. 30 November 2022. 4505:"Republic of Crimea" 4501:Taylor & Francis 4191:On 22 May 2003, the 4031:Life expectancy and 3297:1992 Summer Olympics 3293:1992 Winter Olympics 3228:Obama administration 3011:(aka à la carte and 2990:free trade agreement 2343:Former member states 1690:There are nine full 1620:Further developments 1603:It is housed in the 1444:General Secretaries 1169:The CIS as a shared 674:• 2024 estimate 341:Administrative seats 52:improve this article 11590:Academy of Sciences 11405:Population transfer 11349:Soviet Armed Forces 11212:Congress of Soviets 11193:Presidium/Politburo 11157:Soviet anti-Zionism 11006:West Siberian Plain 10884:Revolutions of 1989 10821:Great Patriotic War 10806:New Economic Policy 10668:Romanian revolution 10641:Revolutions of 1989 10522:1953 Plzeň uprising 10257:United Nations (UN) 10025:Visegrád Group (V4) 10015:European Union (EU) 9782:Superpower collapse 9777:Sphere of influence 9752:Philosophy of power 8796:Central Asian Union 8704:West Nordic Council 7630:Library of Congress 7451:14 May 2011 at the 7338:on 24 February 2021 7330:Valenza, Domenico. 7252:5 June 2011 at the 7148:Kupchinsky, Roman. 6718:"Market Access Map" 6547:on 11 December 2013 6292:, 22 January 1993 ( 6196:. 13 December 2023. 6156:. 11 October 2018. 6008:(21 September 2015) 5539:. 21 December 2023. 5525:. 21 December 2023. 5511:. 22 November 2023. 5388:. 25 January 2018. 5273:5 July 2015 at the 5085:, 22 January 1993 ( 4857:English translation 3176:which followed the 3151:election monitoring 3137:Election monitoring 2965:Standards and rules 2437:in 2008, President 2427:Eduard Shevardnadze 2297:Russo-Ukrainian war 2113:Agreement ratified 1665:Eastern Partnership 1630:Eduard Shevardnadze 1445: 1215:Transcaucasian SFSR 1183:February Revolution 1112:supranational union 1088:CIS Free Trade Area 885:Turkmenistani manat 317: Member states 11923:Post-Soviet states 11235:Military Collegium 11103:Capital punishment 10981:Caucasus Mountains 10894:Post-Soviet states 10774:Russian Revolution 10678:Singing Revolution 10561:June 1976 protests 10346:Soviet occupations 10091:Africa–Asia–Europe 8011:1994 FTA Agreement 7954:CIS Cup (football) 7626:Charter of the CIS 7281:on 1 December 2017 6745:on 4 October 2023. 6597:data.worldbank.org 6573:on 14 October 2017 6306:2009-02-07 at the 6276:2008-09-03 at the 6245:2008-08-13 at the 5720:Ponomarenko, Illia 5558:vestnikkavkaza.net 5358:. 2 January 2018. 5332:on 5 November 2014 5302:on 5 November 2014 4438:Post-Soviet states 4201:'s victory in the 4120: 4059:Post-Soviet states 3368:kettlebell lifting 3291:" competed in the 3273:Ukrainian language 3099: 3091: 3035: 3013:multi-speed Europe 2607:GDP (USD million) 2604:Population (2021) 2531: 2464: 2435:Russo-Georgian War 2417:Russo-Georgian War 2357:Agreement ratified 2284: 2216:Agreement ratified 2172:Colour Revolutions 1733:Agreement ratified 1688: 1673:post-Soviet states 1646:Russo-Georgian War 1626:colour revolutions 1443: 1423:Charter of the CIS 1415: 1395:Post-Soviet states 1276: 1267: 1252:August that year. 1187:October Revolution 1167: 859:Tajikistani somoni 799:No common currency 749:2022 estimate 735:$ 22,500 (approx.) 715:2022 estimate 686:(including Crimea) 136:Independent States 11905: 11904: 11869: 11868: 11861:Hammer and sickle 11803:and their groups 11801:Soviet dissidents 11580:Communist Academy 11497:Economic planning 11473: 11472: 11366:Soviet Air Forces 11285:Security services 11205:General Secretary 11188:Central Committee 11130:Political parties 11062:Brezhnev Doctrine 11057:Foreign relations 11014: 11013: 10955:Autonomous okrugs 10869:Soviet–Afghan War 10849:Sino-Soviet split 10791:Russian Civil War 10718: 10717: 10663:Velvet Revolution 10625:Telephone tapping 10599:list of defectors 10388:Tito–Stalin split 10273: 10272: 10269: 10268: 10265: 10264: 9816: 9815: 9772:Second Superpower 9732:Deterrence theory 9456: 9455: 9436:Working languages 9088:Dialogue partners 8844: 8843: 8800: 8743: 8742: 8639:Paneuropean Union 8499:Council of Europe 8316: 8315: 8147: 8146: 7912: 7911: 7237:(4 November 2010) 7214:(5 November 2010) 7191:(3 November 2010) 6835:, 18 October 2011 6280:, 18 August 2008. 6210:. 2 January 2024. 5853:. 15 March 2014. 5418:. 2 August 2021. 5245:. 26 April 2015. 4659:. 12 April 2018. 4589:on 23 August 2017 4522:978-1-003-00706-7 4474: 4208:Viktor Yanukovych 4199:Viktor Yushchenko 4008: 4007: 3224:Council of Europe 3178:Orange Revolution 3120:Trade in services 2962: 2961: 2618:Human Development 2423: 2422: 2276: 2275: 2160: 2159: 2116:Charter ratified 2077:President of the 2047: 2046: 1797:24 September 1993 1737:Charter ratified 1709: 1634:Viktor Yushchenko 1580: 1579: 1555:Vladimir Rushailo 1430:General Secretary 1368:Alma-Ata Protocol 1324: 1226:Mikhail Gorbachev 1165:, 8 December 1991 1132:History of Russia 1065:a war with Russia 1045:Alma-Ata Protocol 1041:Belovezha Accords 997: 996: 831:Kazakhstani tenge 819:Azerbaijani manat 769:$ 9,000 (approx.) 765:• Per capita 731:• Per capita 644:20 September 2012 613:Alma-Ata Protocol 599:Belavezha Accords 527:1 associate state 385:Intergovernmental 128: 127: 120: 102: 11965: 11895: 11894: 11884: 11883: 11882: 11632: 11631: 11540: 11395:Collectivization 11140:Marxism–Leninism 11025: 11024: 10914: 10913: 10745: 10738: 10731: 10722: 10721: 10507:Goryani Movement 10487: 10479: 10445: 10407: 10341:Yalta Conference 10300: 10293: 10286: 10277: 10276: 9836: 9835: 9822: 9821: 9762:Power projection 9747:Internationalism 9720:Balance of power 9715:American decline 9699:Post-Western era 9498: 9497: 9483: 9476: 9469: 9460: 9459: 9398: 9396: 9395: 9385: 9383: 9382: 9372: 9370: 9369: 9359: 9357: 9356: 9346: 9344: 9343: 9333: 9331: 9330: 9304: 9302: 9301: 9270: 9268: 9267: 9257: 9255: 9254: 9244: 9242: 9241: 9231: 9229: 9228: 9218: 9216: 9215: 9205: 9203: 9202: 9192: 9190: 9189: 9179: 9177: 9176: 9166: 9164: 9163: 9153: 9151: 9150: 9140: 9138: 9137: 9127: 9125: 9124: 9114: 9112: 9111: 9101: 9099: 9098: 9077: 9075: 9074: 9053: 9051: 9050: 9040: 9038: 9037: 9027: 9025: 9024: 9014: 9012: 9011: 9001: 8999: 8998: 8988: 8986: 8985: 8975: 8973: 8972: 8962: 8960: 8959: 8949: 8947: 8946: 8936: 8934: 8933: 8871: 8864: 8857: 8848: 8847: 8798: 8770: 8763: 8756: 8747: 8746: 8629:Pacific Alliance 8343: 8336: 8329: 8320: 8319: 8306: 8305: 8294: 8293: 8282: 8281: 8270: 8269: 8258: 8257: 8246: 8245: 8234: 8233: 8222: 8221: 8210: 8209: 8198: 8197: 8174: 8167: 8160: 8151: 8150: 8137: 8136: 8111:New Union Treaty 8076:EU Technical Aid 7723: 7722: 7675: 7668: 7661: 7652: 7651: 7613: 7612: 7610: 7608: 7602: 7595: 7587: 7581: 7580: 7578: 7576: 7570: 7563: 7555: 7538: 7537: 7535: 7533: 7518: 7512: 7511: 7509: 7507: 7492: 7486: 7485: 7483: 7481: 7466: 7460: 7443: 7434: 7433: 7426: 7417: 7416: 7414: 7412: 7401: 7395: 7394: 7392: 7390: 7379: 7373: 7372: 7370: 7368: 7357: 7348: 7347: 7345: 7343: 7327: 7321: 7320: 7318: 7316: 7307:. Archived from 7305:www.mfgs-sng.org 7297: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7286: 7277:. Archived from 7267: 7261: 7244: 7238: 7221: 7215: 7198: 7192: 7175: 7166: 7165: 7163: 7161: 7145: 7139: 7138: 7136: 7134: 7115: 7109: 7097: 7091: 7090: 7088: 7086: 7071: 7065: 7064: 7062: 7060: 7051:. 3 March 2012. 7039: 7033: 7032: 7022: 7002: 6996: 6995: 6988: 6982: 6969: 6963: 6950: 6944: 6931: 6925: 6924: 6922: 6920: 6899: 6893: 6880: 6874: 6861: 6855: 6842: 6836: 6823: 6817: 6816: 6809: 6803: 6802: 6800: 6798: 6784: 6778: 6777: 6775: 6767: 6761: 6760: 6753: 6747: 6746: 6741:. Archived from 6731: 6722: 6721: 6714: 6705: 6704: 6702: 6700: 6686: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6675: 6669: 6663:. Archived from 6662: 6654: 6648: 6647: 6640: 6634: 6633: 6631: 6629: 6619: 6613: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6589: 6583: 6582: 6580: 6578: 6563: 6557: 6556: 6554: 6552: 6546: 6540:. Archived from 6539: 6531: 6525: 6524: 6517: 6511: 6510: 6508: 6500: 6494: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6474: 6468: 6467: 6465: 6463: 6448: 6442: 6439: 6433: 6427: 6421: 6420: 6409:10.2307/20049696 6388: 6382: 6369: 6363: 6362: 6360: 6358: 6353:on 16 April 2013 6343: 6337: 6328: 6322: 6316: 6310: 6287: 6281: 6268: 6262: 6256: 6250: 6237: 6231: 6230: 6218: 6212: 6211: 6204: 6198: 6197: 6190: 6184: 6183: 6176: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6150: 6144: 6143: 6141: 6139: 6128:Interfax-Ukraine 6120: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6109: 6094: 6088: 6087: 6085: 6083: 6068: 6062: 6061: 6059: 6057: 6038: 6032: 6031:(20 August 2015) 6015: 6009: 5992: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5959: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5948: 5929: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5918: 5899: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5888: 5873: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5862: 5841: 5835: 5822: 5816: 5815: 5813: 5811: 5789: 5783: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5750: 5744: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5730:. Archived from 5716: 5710: 5709: 5707: 5705: 5677: 5671: 5670: 5668: 5666: 5647: 5641: 5628: 5622: 5620: 5612: 5606: 5605: 5603: 5601: 5595: 5588: 5580: 5574: 5573: 5571: 5569: 5550: 5541: 5540: 5533: 5527: 5526: 5519: 5513: 5512: 5505: 5499: 5498: 5491: 5485: 5484: 5482: 5480: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5446:www.ukrinform.ua 5438: 5432: 5431: 5429: 5427: 5408: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5378: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5367: 5348: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5337: 5328:. Archived from 5318: 5312: 5311: 5309: 5307: 5298:. Archived from 5288: 5282: 5265: 5259: 5258: 5256: 5254: 5233: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5213:. Archived from 5206: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5195: 5179: 5171: 5165: 5164: 5162: 5160: 5145: 5136: 5135: 5134:. 3 August 1994. 5133: 5125: 5096: 5080: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5054: 5048: 5047: 5045: 5043: 5023: 5017: 5002: 4996: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4976: 4967: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4946: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4920: 4914: 4898: 4892: 4875: 4866: 4843: 4837: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4795: 4789: 4784: 4778: 4773: 4767: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4753:. 14 June 2022. 4743: 4734: 4733: 4731: 4729: 4714: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4687:www.ukrinform.ua 4679: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4649: 4643: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4629:(in Ukrainian). 4618: 4612: 4605: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4585:. Archived from 4575: 4569: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4559:. 4 October 2022 4549: 4543: 4542: 4536: 4534: 4497: 4480: 4479: 4469: 4467: 4459: 4386: 4381: 4380: 4379: 4372: 4367: 4366: 4358: 4353: 4352: 4351: 4344: 4339: 4338: 4293:The post-Soviet 4123:EurAsEc and EAEU 4118: 4116: 4110: 4104: 4065: 4044: 4028: 4016: 3499: 3465: 3455: 3433:Historical data 3424: 3423: 3419:World Bank Group 3333: 3285:its sports teams 3241:Russian language 3148: 3132:Other activities 2598: 2597: 2492:Andijan massacre 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2384: 2382: 2381: 2363: 2362:Charter ratified 2358: 2347: 2313:Petro Poroshenko 2252: 2251:10 December 1991 2247: 2242: 2238: 2236: 2235: 2222: 2221:Charter ratified 2217: 2206: 2147: 2146:26 December 1991 2142: 2141:21 December 1991 2134: 2132: 2131: 2104: 2096:Associate member 2040: 2035: 2030: 2029:21 December 1991 2022: 2020: 2019: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1996:21 December 1991 1989: 1987: 1986: 1974: 1969: 1968:12 December 1991 1964: 1956: 1954: 1953: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1928:21 December 1991 1924: 1920: 1918: 1917: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1893:21 December 1991 1886: 1884: 1883: 1871: 1866: 1865:23 December 1991 1861: 1860:21 December 1991 1856: 1852: 1850: 1849: 1836: 1831: 1830:10 December 1991 1826: 1818: 1816: 1815: 1803: 1802:14 December 1993 1798: 1793: 1792:21 December 1991 1785: 1783: 1782: 1770: 1765: 1764:18 February 1992 1760: 1759:21 December 1991 1752: 1750: 1749: 1734: 1723: 1714: 1704: 1702: 1701: 1616:on 14 May 2009. 1614:Saint Petersburg 1570: 1569: 1553: 1552: 1536: 1535: 1522: 1514:Ivan Korotchenya 1512: 1511: 1497:Boris Berezovsky 1495: 1494: 1481: 1473:Ivan Korotchenya 1471: 1470: 1463: 1462: 1446: 1442: 1329: 1319: 1317: 1308:Belovezh Accords 1288:Byelorussian SSR 1280:failed 1991 coup 1207:Byelorussian SSR 1179:Russian Republic 1163:Belovezh Accords 1140:Russian Republic 982: 979: 955: 910: 888: 878: 869: 866:Uzbekistani soum 825:Belarusian ruble 807: 801: 789: 788: 780: 746: 712: 687: 682: 681: 618:21 December 1991 601: 540: 538: 537: 528: 516: 514: 513: 503: 501: 500: 490: 488: 487: 476: 474: 473: 463: 461: 460: 450: 448: 447: 437: 435: 434: 424: 422: 421: 411: 409: 408: 399: 371:Working language 342: 334: 332: 327: 322: 318: 316: 311: 294: 280: 263: 262: 249: 248: 235: 234: 221: 213: 212: 199: 198: 185: 184: 171: 163: 162: 147: 130: 129: 123: 116: 112: 109: 103: 101: 60: 36: 28: 11973: 11972: 11968: 11967: 11966: 11964: 11963: 11962: 11908: 11907: 11906: 11901: 11880: 11878: 11865: 11813: 11787: 11707: 11621: 11566: 11538: 11512:Internet domain 11507:Five-year plans 11469: 11436: 11376: 11279: 11241: 11173:Communist Party 11161: 11120:Passport system 11010: 10986:European Russia 10964: 10903: 10844:Khrushchev Thaw 10823:(World War II) 10801:Creation treaty 10755: 10749: 10719: 10714: 10629: 10583: 10570:Soviet reaction 10556:Croatian Spring 10500: 10498: 10491: 10485: 10477: 10449: 10443: 10405: 10392: 10378:Berlin Blockade 10329: 10328: 10309: 10304: 10274: 10261: 10245: 10154: 10123:Oceania–Pacific 10118: 10102: 10086: 10065: 10029: 9988: 9932: 9881: 9855: 9830: 9812: 9791: 9742:Multilateralism 9703: 9667: 9622: 9571: 9492: 9487: 9457: 9452: 9404: 9393: 9391: 9380: 9378: 9367: 9365: 9354: 9352: 9341: 9339: 9328: 9326: 9315: 9299: 9297: 9276: 9265: 9263: 9252: 9250: 9239: 9237: 9226: 9224: 9213: 9211: 9200: 9198: 9187: 9185: 9174: 9172: 9161: 9159: 9148: 9146: 9135: 9133: 9122: 9120: 9109: 9107: 9096: 9094: 9083: 9072: 9070: 9064:Observer states 9059: 9048: 9046: 9035: 9033: 9022: 9020: 9009: 9007: 8996: 8994: 8983: 8981: 8970: 8968: 8957: 8955: 8944: 8942: 8931: 8929: 8916: 8880: 8875: 8845: 8840: 8777: 8774: 8744: 8739: 8713: 8574:Lublin Triangle 8352: 8347: 8317: 8312: 8300: 8288: 8276: 8264: 8252: 8240: 8228: 8216: 8204: 8192: 8184: 8180:Leaders of the 8178: 8148: 8143: 8125: 8046: 8025: 8016:2011 FTA Treaty 7989: 7958: 7908: 7891: 7870: 7850: 7790: 7710: 7684: 7679: 7622: 7617: 7616: 7606: 7604: 7600: 7593: 7589: 7588: 7584: 7574: 7572: 7568: 7561: 7557: 7556: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7541: 7531: 7529: 7520: 7519: 7515: 7505: 7503: 7494: 7493: 7489: 7479: 7477: 7472:. Rbcnews.com. 7468: 7467: 7463: 7459:(27 April 2010) 7453:Wayback Machine 7444: 7437: 7428: 7427: 7420: 7410: 7408: 7403: 7402: 7398: 7388: 7386: 7381: 7380: 7376: 7366: 7364: 7359: 7358: 7351: 7341: 7339: 7328: 7324: 7314: 7312: 7311:on 27 June 2020 7299: 7298: 7294: 7284: 7282: 7269: 7268: 7264: 7254:Wayback Machine 7245: 7241: 7231:Wayback Machine 7222: 7218: 7208:Wayback Machine 7199: 7195: 7189:Razumkov Centre 7185:Wayback Machine 7176: 7169: 7159: 7157: 7146: 7142: 7132: 7130: 7117: 7116: 7112: 7107:Wayback Machine 7098: 7094: 7084: 7082: 7081:on 10 July 2012 7073: 7072: 7068: 7058: 7056: 7041: 7040: 7036: 7003: 6999: 6990: 6989: 6985: 6979:Wayback Machine 6970: 6966: 6960:Wayback Machine 6951: 6947: 6941:Wayback Machine 6932: 6928: 6918: 6916: 6901: 6900: 6896: 6890:Wayback Machine 6881: 6877: 6871:Wayback Machine 6862: 6858: 6852:Wayback Machine 6843: 6839: 6833:Wayback Machine 6824: 6820: 6811: 6810: 6806: 6796: 6794: 6786: 6785: 6781: 6773: 6769: 6768: 6764: 6755: 6754: 6750: 6733: 6732: 6725: 6716: 6715: 6708: 6698: 6696: 6688: 6687: 6683: 6673: 6671: 6667: 6660: 6656: 6655: 6651: 6642: 6641: 6637: 6627: 6625: 6621: 6620: 6616: 6606: 6604: 6591: 6590: 6586: 6576: 6574: 6565: 6564: 6560: 6550: 6548: 6544: 6537: 6533: 6532: 6528: 6523:. 27 June 2023. 6519: 6518: 6514: 6506: 6502: 6501: 6497: 6487: 6485: 6476: 6475: 6471: 6461: 6459: 6450: 6449: 6445: 6440: 6436: 6428: 6424: 6397:Foreign Affairs 6389: 6385: 6379:Wayback Machine 6370: 6366: 6356: 6354: 6345: 6344: 6340: 6329: 6325: 6317: 6313: 6308:Wayback Machine 6288: 6284: 6278:Wayback Machine 6269: 6265: 6257: 6253: 6247:Wayback Machine 6238: 6234: 6219: 6215: 6206: 6205: 6201: 6192: 6191: 6187: 6178: 6177: 6173: 6163: 6161: 6152: 6151: 6147: 6137: 6135: 6130:. 2 June 2018. 6122: 6121: 6117: 6107: 6105: 6104:on 21 July 2018 6096: 6095: 6091: 6081: 6079: 6070: 6069: 6065: 6055: 6053: 6040: 6039: 6035: 6025:Wayback Machine 6016: 6012: 6002:Wayback Machine 5993: 5986: 5976: 5974: 5961: 5960: 5956: 5946: 5944: 5931: 5930: 5926: 5916: 5914: 5913:on 14 July 2014 5901: 5900: 5896: 5886: 5884: 5875: 5874: 5870: 5860: 5858: 5843: 5842: 5838: 5832:Wayback Machine 5823: 5819: 5809: 5807: 5805: 5791: 5790: 5786: 5776: 5774: 5767: 5751: 5747: 5737: 5735: 5722:(19 May 2018). 5717: 5713: 5703: 5701: 5694: 5678: 5674: 5664: 5662: 5649: 5648: 5644: 5638:Wayback Machine 5629: 5625: 5618: 5613: 5609: 5599: 5597: 5593: 5586: 5582: 5581: 5577: 5567: 5565: 5552: 5551: 5544: 5535: 5534: 5530: 5521: 5520: 5516: 5507: 5506: 5502: 5497:. 20 July 2023. 5493: 5492: 5488: 5478: 5476: 5473:Ziarul de Gardă 5465: 5461: 5451: 5449: 5440: 5439: 5435: 5425: 5423: 5410: 5409: 5405: 5395: 5393: 5380: 5379: 5375: 5365: 5363: 5350: 5349: 5345: 5335: 5333: 5320: 5319: 5315: 5305: 5303: 5290: 5289: 5285: 5281:. 25 March 2014 5275:Wayback Machine 5266: 5262: 5252: 5250: 5235: 5234: 5230: 5220: 5218: 5207: 5203: 5193: 5191: 5183:Financial Times 5172: 5168: 5158: 5156: 5147: 5146: 5139: 5131: 5127: 5126: 5099: 5081: 5077: 5066: 5064: 5056: 5055: 5051: 5041: 5039: 5024: 5020: 5012:Wayback Machine 5003: 4999: 4989: 4987: 4978: 4977: 4970: 4960: 4958: 4953:. Cisstat.com. 4947: 4943: 4933: 4931: 4922: 4921: 4917: 4899: 4895: 4885:Wayback Machine 4876: 4869: 4844: 4840: 4827: 4823: 4813: 4811: 4796: 4792: 4785: 4781: 4774: 4770: 4760: 4758: 4745: 4744: 4737: 4727: 4725: 4716: 4715: 4706: 4696: 4694: 4681: 4680: 4676: 4666: 4664: 4651: 4650: 4646: 4636: 4634: 4619: 4615: 4606: 4602: 4592: 4590: 4577: 4576: 4572: 4562: 4560: 4551: 4550: 4546: 4532: 4530: 4523: 4498: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4483: 4460: 4456: 4451: 4433:Lublin Triangle 4382: 4377: 4375: 4370:Politics portal 4368: 4361: 4354: 4349: 4347: 4340: 4333: 4330: 4325: 4319: 4295:disputed states 4291: 4285: 4246: 4241: 4235: 4150: 4144: 4139: 4127:Main articles: 4125: 4100: 4093: 4063: 4061: 4055: 4048: 4045: 4036: 4029: 4020: 4017: 3503: 3497: 3488: 3480: 3472: 3463: 3412: 3410:Life expectancy 3395: 3393:Cultural events 3383:first CIS games 3281: 3237: 3139: 3134: 3126: 3118:Main articles: 3116: 3083: 3077: 3053: 3027: 3021: 2996: 2994:free trade area 2988:Main articles: 2986: 2977: 2969:Main articles: 2967: 2619: 2615:GDP per capita 2611: 2595: 2582: 2576: 2547:Viktor Samsonov 2523: 2507:Main articles: 2505: 2469: 2452: 2396:3 December 1993 2391:3 December 1993 2379: 2377: 2361: 2356: 2345: 2289:successor state 2246:8 December 1991 2233: 2231: 2230: 2220: 2215: 2180: 2129: 2127: 2119:Associate from 2098: 2052: 2039:9 February 1994 2017: 2015: 1984: 1982: 1963:8 December 1991 1951: 1949: 1943: 1915: 1913: 1912: 1881: 1879: 1847: 1845: 1844: 1835:18 January 1994 1825:8 December 1991 1813: 1811: 1780: 1778: 1747: 1745: 1732: 1721: 1681: 1651:In March 2007, 1622: 1585: 1564: 1547: 1530: 1516: 1506: 1489: 1475: 1465: 1457: 1438: 1432: 1407: 1258: 1242:Communist Party 1161:Signing of the 1155: 1150: 1130:Main articles: 1128: 993: 983: 976: 975: 930: 899: 891: 883: 880: 879: 877:Associate state 876: 872: 864: 837:Kyrgyzstani som 809: 808: 805: 797: 786: 785: 784: 778: 766: 756: 744: 732: 722: 706: 694: 685: 684: 675: 660: 641: 639:Free Trade Area 631:22 January 1993 628: 626:Charter adopted 615: 605:8 December 1991 602: 597: 562: 546: 535: 533: 530: 529: 526: 522: 511: 509: 498: 496: 485: 483: 471: 469: 458: 456: 445: 443: 432: 430: 419: 417: 406: 404: 401: 400: 398:9 member states 397: 358: 340: 335: 330: 329: 328: 320: 319: 314: 313: 302: 301: 300: 295: 287: 286: 281: 268: 267: 266: 257: 252: 243: 238: 229: 224: 216: 207: 202: 193: 188: 179: 174: 166: 157: 152: 149: 148: 143: 137: 135: 134:Commonwealth of 124: 113: 107: 104: 61: 59: 49: 37: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11971: 11961: 11960: 11955: 11950: 11945: 11940: 11935: 11930: 11928:Confederations 11925: 11920: 11903: 11902: 11900: 11899: 11889: 11874: 11871: 11870: 11867: 11866: 11864: 11863: 11858: 11857: 11856: 11846: 11845: 11844: 11834: 11833: 11832: 11821: 11819: 11815: 11814: 11812: 11811: 11810: 11809: 11797: 11795: 11789: 11788: 11786: 11785: 11780: 11775: 11770: 11765: 11760: 11755: 11750: 11749: 11748: 11738: 11733: 11728: 11723: 11717: 11715: 11709: 11708: 11706: 11705: 11700: 11695: 11694: 11693: 11688: 11678: 11673: 11668: 11667: 11666: 11661: 11656: 11646: 11641: 11635: 11629: 11623: 11622: 11620: 11619: 11618: 11617: 11607: 11602: 11597: 11592: 11587: 11582: 11576: 11574: 11568: 11567: 11565: 11564: 11563: 11562: 11557: 11555:Rail transport 11552: 11550:Railway system 11542: 11534: 11529: 11524: 11519: 11514: 11509: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11483: 11481: 11475: 11474: 11471: 11470: 11468: 11467: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11446: 11444: 11438: 11437: 11435: 11434: 11429: 11424: 11423: 11422: 11412: 11407: 11402: 11397: 11392: 11386: 11384: 11378: 11377: 11375: 11374: 11373: 11372: 11346: 11345: 11344: 11339: 11329: 11324: 11323: 11322: 11312: 11311: 11310: 11300: 11295: 11289: 11287: 11281: 11280: 11278: 11277: 11272: 11270:Deputy Premier 11267: 11262: 11261: 11260: 11253:Heads of state 11249: 11247: 11243: 11242: 11240: 11239: 11238: 11237: 11227: 11221: 11218:Supreme Soviet 11215: 11209: 11208: 11207: 11202: 11201: 11200: 11195: 11185: 11180: 11169: 11167: 11163: 11162: 11160: 11159: 11154: 11153: 11152: 11147: 11142: 11135:State ideology 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11116: 11115: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11094: 11093: 11083: 11082: 11081: 11071: 11066: 11065: 11064: 11054: 11049: 11048: 11047: 11042: 11031: 11029: 11022: 11016: 11015: 11012: 11011: 11009: 11008: 11003: 11001:Ural Mountains 10998: 10993: 10991:North Caucasus 10988: 10983: 10978: 10972: 10970: 10966: 10965: 10963: 10962: 10957: 10952: 10951: 10950: 10940: 10935: 10934: 10933: 10922: 10920: 10911: 10905: 10904: 10902: 10901: 10896: 10891: 10886: 10881: 10876: 10871: 10866: 10861: 10856: 10851: 10846: 10841: 10836: 10835: 10834: 10829: 10818: 10813: 10808: 10803: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10787: 10786: 10781: 10771: 10765: 10763: 10757: 10756: 10748: 10747: 10740: 10733: 10725: 10716: 10715: 10713: 10712: 10711: 10710: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10675: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10643: 10637: 10635: 10631: 10630: 10628: 10627: 10622: 10617: 10612: 10607: 10602: 10591: 10589: 10585: 10584: 10582: 10581: 10576: 10563: 10558: 10553: 10548: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10514: 10509: 10503: 10501: 10496: 10493: 10492: 10490: 10489: 10481: 10473: 10468: 10463: 10457: 10455: 10451: 10450: 10448: 10447: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10424: 10419: 10414: 10409: 10400: 10398: 10394: 10393: 10391: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10369: 10368: 10363: 10358: 10353: 10343: 10337: 10335: 10331: 10330: 10327: 10326: 10321: 10315: 10314: 10311: 10310: 10303: 10302: 10295: 10288: 10280: 10271: 10270: 10267: 10266: 10263: 10262: 10260: 10259: 10253: 10251: 10247: 10246: 10244: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10218: 10213: 10208: 10203: 10198: 10193: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10162: 10160: 10156: 10155: 10153: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10126: 10124: 10120: 10119: 10117: 10116: 10110: 10108: 10104: 10103: 10101: 10100: 10094: 10092: 10088: 10087: 10085: 10084: 10079: 10077:Arctic Council 10073: 10071: 10067: 10066: 10064: 10063: 10058: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10037: 10035: 10031: 10030: 10028: 10027: 10022: 10020:Nordic Council 10017: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9996: 9994: 9990: 9989: 9987: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9946: 9940: 9938: 9934: 9933: 9931: 9930: 9925: 9920: 9915: 9910: 9905: 9900: 9895: 9889: 9887: 9883: 9882: 9880: 9879: 9874: 9869: 9863: 9861: 9857: 9856: 9854: 9853: 9848: 9842: 9840: 9832: 9831: 9818: 9817: 9814: 9813: 9811: 9810: 9805: 9799: 9797: 9793: 9792: 9790: 9789: 9784: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9754: 9749: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9728: 9727: 9717: 9711: 9709: 9705: 9704: 9702: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9675: 9673: 9669: 9668: 9666: 9665: 9660: 9659: 9658: 9653: 9643: 9632: 9630: 9624: 9623: 9621: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9595: 9590: 9585: 9579: 9577: 9573: 9572: 9570: 9569: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9547: 9542: 9537: 9532: 9527: 9522: 9517: 9512: 9506: 9504: 9494: 9493: 9486: 9485: 9478: 9471: 9463: 9454: 9453: 9451: 9450: 9449: 9448: 9443: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9412: 9410: 9406: 9405: 9403: 9402: 9389: 9376: 9363: 9350: 9337: 9323: 9321: 9317: 9316: 9314: 9313: 9311:United Nations 9308: 9295: 9290: 9284: 9282: 9278: 9277: 9275: 9274: 9261: 9248: 9235: 9222: 9209: 9196: 9183: 9170: 9157: 9144: 9131: 9118: 9105: 9091: 9089: 9085: 9084: 9082: 9081: 9067: 9065: 9061: 9060: 9058: 9057: 9044: 9031: 9018: 9005: 8992: 8979: 8966: 8953: 8940: 8926: 8924: 8918: 8917: 8915: 8914: 8909: 8907:Samarkand 2022 8904: 8899: 8894: 8888: 8886: 8882: 8881: 8874: 8873: 8866: 8859: 8851: 8842: 8841: 8839: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8817: 8816: 8811: 8801: 8793: 8788: 8782: 8779: 8778: 8773: 8772: 8765: 8758: 8750: 8741: 8740: 8738: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8721: 8719: 8715: 8714: 8712: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8699:Visegrád Group 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8589:Nordic Council 8586: 8581: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8534:European Union 8531: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8439:Bucharest Nine 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8379:Arctic Council 8376: 8371: 8366: 8360: 8358: 8354: 8353: 8346: 8345: 8338: 8331: 8323: 8314: 8313: 8311: 8310: 8298: 8296:Berdimuhamedow 8286: 8274: 8262: 8250: 8238: 8226: 8214: 8202: 8189: 8186: 8185: 8177: 8176: 8169: 8162: 8154: 8145: 8144: 8142: 8141: 8130: 8127: 8126: 8124: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8096:Russian Empire 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8054: 8052: 8048: 8047: 8045: 8044: 8039: 8033: 8031: 8027: 8026: 8024: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8006:Economic Court 8003: 7997: 7995: 7991: 7990: 7988: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7966: 7964: 7960: 7959: 7957: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7920: 7918: 7914: 7913: 7910: 7909: 7907: 7906: 7899: 7897: 7893: 7892: 7890: 7889: 7884: 7878: 7876: 7872: 7871: 7869: 7868: 7862: 7860: 7852: 7851: 7849: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7802: 7800: 7792: 7791: 7789: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7732: 7730: 7720: 7712: 7711: 7709: 7708: 7702: 7696: 7689: 7686: 7685: 7678: 7677: 7670: 7663: 7655: 7649: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7621: 7620:External links 7618: 7615: 7614: 7582: 7549: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7540: 7539: 7528:on 10 May 2011 7513: 7487: 7461: 7435: 7418: 7396: 7374: 7349: 7322: 7292: 7262: 7260:(9 March 2010) 7239: 7216: 7193: 7167: 7140: 7110: 7092: 7066: 7034: 6997: 6983: 6964: 6945: 6926: 6894: 6875: 6856: 6837: 6818: 6804: 6779: 6762: 6748: 6739:economy.gov.by 6723: 6706: 6681: 6670:on 16 May 2011 6649: 6635: 6614: 6584: 6558: 6526: 6512: 6495: 6469: 6443: 6434: 6422: 6383: 6364: 6338: 6333:New York Times 6323: 6311: 6282: 6263: 6251: 6232: 6213: 6199: 6185: 6171: 6145: 6115: 6089: 6063: 6033: 6010: 5984: 5967:Verkhovna Rada 5954: 5937:Verkhovna Rada 5924: 5894: 5868: 5836: 5817: 5803: 5784: 5765: 5745: 5734:on 20 May 2018 5711: 5692: 5686:. SUNY Press. 5672: 5657:(in Russian). 5655:minjust.gov.ua 5642: 5623: 5607: 5575: 5542: 5528: 5514: 5500: 5486: 5459: 5433: 5403: 5373: 5343: 5313: 5283: 5260: 5228: 5217:on 18 May 2015 5201: 5166: 5137: 5097: 5075: 5049: 5018: 4997: 4968: 4941: 4915: 4893: 4867: 4838: 4836:, pp 356 – 365 4821: 4790: 4779: 4768: 4735: 4704: 4674: 4644: 4613: 4600: 4570: 4544: 4521: 4491: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4446: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4388: 4387: 4373: 4359: 4345: 4329: 4326: 4321:Main article: 4318: 4315: 4287:Main article: 4284: 4281: 4245: 4242: 4237:Main article: 4234: 4231: 4194:Verkhovna Rada 4146:Main article: 4143: 4140: 4124: 4121: 4057:Main article: 4054: 4051: 4050: 4049: 4046: 4039: 4037: 4030: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4011: 4006: 4005: 4002: 3999: 3996: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3975: 3972: 3969: 3966: 3963: 3960: 3956: 3955: 3952: 3949: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3922: 3919: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3906: 3905: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3893: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3856: 3855: 3852: 3849: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3806: 3805: 3802: 3799: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3756: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3713: 3710: 3706: 3705: 3702: 3699: 3696: 3693: 3690: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3675: 3672: 3669: 3666: 3663: 3660: 3656: 3655: 3652: 3649: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3606: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3556: 3555: 3552: 3549: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3506: 3505: 3500: 3493: 3490: 3485: 3482: 3477: 3474: 3469: 3466: 3459: 3456: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3441: 3440: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3411: 3408: 3394: 3391: 3356:belt wrestling 3334:) was held in 3309:CIS bandy team 3305:UEFA Euro 1992 3280: 3277: 3236: 3233: 3232: 3231: 3212: 3204: 3200: 3193: 3189: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3115: 3112: 3079:Main article: 3076: 3073: 3052: 3049: 3023:Main article: 3020: 3017: 2985: 2982: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2925: 2924: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2890: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2855: 2854: 2851: 2848: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2820: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2785: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2715: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2680: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2645: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2622: 2621: 2616: 2613: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2575: 2572: 2504: 2501: 2496:Vladimir Putin 2468: 2465: 2451: 2448: 2421: 2420: 2413: 2411:18 August 2009 2408: 2406:18 August 2008 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2374: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2359: 2354: 2351: 2344: 2341: 2274: 2273: 2272: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2256: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2227: 2226: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2210: 2184:Verkhovna Rada 2179: 2178:Founding state 2176: 2158: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2124: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2097: 2094: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2044: 2041: 2036: 2034:4 January 1992 2031: 2026: 2012: 2011: 2008: 2006:14 August 1993 2003: 1998: 1993: 1979: 1978: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1946: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1909: 1908: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1876: 1875: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1841: 1840: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1808: 1807: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1775: 1774: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1742: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1730: 1727: 1720: 1717: 1680: 1677: 1669:European Union 1621: 1618: 1605:Tauride Palace 1584: 1581: 1578: 1577: 1574: 1572:Sergei Lebedev 1561: 1560: 1557: 1544: 1543: 1540: 1527: 1526: 1523: 1503: 1502: 1499: 1486: 1485: 1482: 1454: 1453: 1450: 1434:Main article: 1431: 1428: 1406: 1403: 1257: 1254: 1246:attempted coup 1175:Russian Empire 1154: 1151: 1136:Russian Empire 1127: 1124: 995: 994: 988: 985: 984: 971: 968: 967: 928: 922: 921: 918: 912: 911: 897: 893: 892: 890: 889: 875: 874: 873: 871: 870: 862: 856: 850: 844: 834: 828: 822: 816: 804: 803: 802: 795: 791: 790: 781: 771: 770: 767: 764: 761: 760: 759:$ 2.5 trillion 757: 754: 751: 750: 747: 737: 736: 733: 730: 727: 726: 725:$ 5.5 trillion 723: 720: 717: 716: 713: 699: 698: 695: 693:• Density 692: 689: 688: 676: 673: 670: 669: 665: 664: 661: 658: 655: 654: 650: 649: 646: 645: 642: 636: 633: 632: 629: 623: 620: 619: 616: 610: 607: 606: 603: 595: 592: 591: 588: 587: 583: 582: 577: 573: 572: 569: 568: 566:Sergey Lebedev 563: 560: 557: 556: 553: 552: 548: 547: 545: 544: 525: 524: 523: 521: 520: 507: 494: 481: 467: 454: 441: 428: 415: 396: 395: 394: 392: 388: 387: 382: 378: 377: 372: 368: 367: 364: 360: 359: 357: 356: 351: 345: 343: 337: 336: 312: 304: 303: 296: 289: 288: 282: 275: 274: 273: 270: 269: 265: 264: 250: 236: 222: 214: 200: 186: 172: 164: 142: 141: 140: 139: 138: 133: 126: 125: 40: 38: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11970: 11959: 11956: 11954: 11951: 11949: 11946: 11944: 11941: 11939: 11936: 11934: 11931: 11929: 11926: 11924: 11921: 11919: 11916: 11915: 11913: 11898: 11890: 11888: 11887: 11876: 11875: 11872: 11862: 11859: 11855: 11852: 11851: 11850: 11847: 11843: 11840: 11839: 11838: 11835: 11831: 11828: 11827: 11826: 11823: 11822: 11820: 11816: 11808: 11805: 11804: 11802: 11799: 11798: 11796: 11794: 11790: 11784: 11781: 11779: 11776: 11774: 11771: 11769: 11766: 11764: 11761: 11759: 11758:Printed media 11756: 11754: 11751: 11747: 11744: 11743: 11742: 11739: 11737: 11734: 11732: 11729: 11727: 11724: 11722: 11719: 11718: 11716: 11714: 11710: 11704: 11701: 11699: 11696: 11692: 11691:Cyrillisation 11689: 11687: 11684: 11683: 11682: 11679: 11677: 11674: 11672: 11669: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11659:Working class 11657: 11655: 11654:Soviet people 11652: 11651: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11636: 11633: 11630: 11628: 11624: 11616: 11613: 11612: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11586: 11583: 11581: 11578: 11577: 11575: 11573: 11569: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11547: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11535: 11533: 11530: 11528: 11525: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11515: 11513: 11510: 11508: 11505: 11503: 11502:Energy policy 11500: 11498: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11484: 11482: 11480: 11476: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11447: 11445: 11443: 11439: 11433: 11430: 11428: 11425: 11421: 11418: 11417: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11408: 11406: 11403: 11401: 11398: 11396: 11393: 11391: 11388: 11387: 11385: 11383: 11379: 11371: 11367: 11363: 11359: 11355: 11352: 11351: 11350: 11347: 11343: 11340: 11338: 11335: 11334: 11333: 11330: 11328: 11325: 11321: 11318: 11317: 11316: 11313: 11309: 11306: 11305: 11304: 11301: 11299: 11296: 11294: 11291: 11290: 11288: 11286: 11282: 11276: 11273: 11271: 11268: 11266: 11263: 11259: 11256: 11255: 11254: 11251: 11250: 11248: 11244: 11236: 11233: 11232: 11231: 11230:Supreme Court 11228: 11225: 11222: 11219: 11216: 11213: 11210: 11206: 11203: 11199: 11196: 11194: 11191: 11190: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11175: 11174: 11171: 11170: 11168: 11164: 11158: 11155: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11137: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11114: 11111: 11110: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11092: 11089: 11088: 11087: 11084: 11080: 11077: 11076: 11075: 11072: 11070: 11067: 11063: 11060: 11059: 11058: 11055: 11053: 11050: 11046: 11043: 11041: 11038: 11037: 11036: 11033: 11032: 11030: 11026: 11023: 11021: 11017: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10973: 10971: 10967: 10961: 10958: 10956: 10953: 10949: 10946: 10945: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10932: 10929: 10928: 10927: 10924: 10923: 10921: 10919: 10915: 10912: 10910: 10906: 10900: 10897: 10895: 10892: 10890: 10887: 10885: 10882: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10872: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10852: 10850: 10847: 10845: 10842: 10840: 10837: 10833: 10832:The Holocaust 10830: 10828: 10825: 10824: 10822: 10819: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10785: 10782: 10780: 10777: 10776: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10767: 10766: 10764: 10762: 10758: 10753: 10746: 10741: 10739: 10734: 10732: 10727: 10726: 10723: 10709: 10708:Yugoslav Wars 10706: 10705: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10649: 10648: 10644: 10642: 10639: 10638: 10636: 10632: 10626: 10623: 10621: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10608: 10606: 10603: 10600: 10596: 10593: 10592: 10590: 10586: 10580: 10577: 10575: 10571: 10567: 10564: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10549: 10547: 10543: 10542:Prague Spring 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10504: 10502: 10494: 10488: 10482: 10480: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10464: 10462: 10459: 10458: 10456: 10454:Organizations 10452: 10446: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10402: 10401: 10399: 10395: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10356:Baltic states 10354: 10352: 10349: 10348: 10347: 10344: 10342: 10339: 10338: 10336: 10332: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10316: 10312: 10308: 10301: 10296: 10294: 10289: 10287: 10282: 10281: 10278: 10258: 10255: 10254: 10252: 10248: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10187: 10184: 10182: 10179: 10177: 10174: 10172: 10169: 10167: 10164: 10163: 10161: 10157: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10127: 10125: 10121: 10115: 10112: 10111: 10109: 10105: 10099: 10096: 10095: 10093: 10089: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10074: 10072: 10068: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10054: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10038: 10036: 10032: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9997: 9995: 9991: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9941: 9939: 9935: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9906: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9890: 9888: 9884: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9864: 9862: 9858: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9846:African Union 9844: 9843: 9841: 9837: 9833: 9828: 9823: 9819: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9801: 9800: 9798: 9794: 9788: 9785: 9783: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9726: 9723: 9722: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9712: 9710: 9706: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9676: 9674: 9670: 9664: 9661: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9648: 9647: 9644: 9641: 9637: 9634: 9633: 9631: 9629: 9625: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9580: 9578: 9574: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9552: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9526: 9523: 9521: 9518: 9516: 9513: 9511: 9508: 9507: 9505: 9503: 9499: 9495: 9491: 9484: 9479: 9477: 9472: 9470: 9465: 9464: 9461: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9438: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9416:Member states 9414: 9413: 9411: 9407: 9401: 9390: 9388: 9377: 9375: 9364: 9362: 9351: 9349: 9338: 9336: 9325: 9324: 9322: 9318: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9285: 9283: 9279: 9273: 9262: 9260: 9249: 9247: 9236: 9234: 9223: 9221: 9210: 9208: 9197: 9195: 9184: 9182: 9171: 9169: 9158: 9156: 9145: 9143: 9132: 9130: 9119: 9117: 9106: 9104: 9093: 9092: 9090: 9086: 9080: 9069: 9068: 9066: 9062: 9056: 9045: 9043: 9032: 9030: 9019: 9017: 9006: 9004: 8993: 8991: 8980: 8978: 8967: 8965: 8954: 8952: 8941: 8939: 8928: 8927: 8925: 8923: 8922:Member states 8919: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8897:Dushanbe 2014 8895: 8893: 8890: 8889: 8887: 8883: 8879: 8872: 8867: 8865: 8860: 8858: 8853: 8852: 8849: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8806: 8805: 8802: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8783: 8780: 8771: 8766: 8764: 8759: 8757: 8752: 8751: 8748: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8722: 8720: 8716: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8504:Craiova Group 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8364:African Union 8362: 8361: 8359: 8355: 8351: 8344: 8339: 8337: 8332: 8330: 8325: 8324: 8321: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8249: 8244: 8239: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8190: 8187: 8183: 8175: 8170: 8168: 8163: 8161: 8156: 8155: 8152: 8140: 8132: 8131: 8128: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8056: 8055: 8053: 8049: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8034: 8032: 8028: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7998: 7996: 7992: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7967: 7965: 7961: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7921: 7919: 7915: 7904: 7901: 7900: 7898: 7894: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7879: 7877: 7873: 7867: 7864: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7853: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7793: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7724: 7721: 7718: 7713: 7706: 7703: 7700: 7697: 7694: 7691: 7690: 7687: 7683: 7676: 7671: 7669: 7664: 7662: 7657: 7656: 7653: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7631: 7627: 7624: 7623: 7599: 7592: 7586: 7567: 7560: 7554: 7550: 7527: 7523: 7517: 7501: 7497: 7491: 7475: 7471: 7465: 7458: 7454: 7450: 7447: 7442: 7440: 7431: 7425: 7423: 7406: 7400: 7384: 7378: 7362: 7356: 7354: 7337: 7333: 7326: 7310: 7306: 7302: 7296: 7280: 7276: 7272: 7266: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7248: 7243: 7236: 7232: 7228: 7225: 7220: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7202: 7197: 7190: 7186: 7182: 7179: 7174: 7172: 7155: 7152:. Rferl.org. 7151: 7144: 7128: 7124: 7120: 7114: 7108: 7104: 7101: 7096: 7080: 7076: 7070: 7054: 7050: 7049: 7048:The Economist 7044: 7038: 7030: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7012: 7008: 7001: 6993: 6987: 6980: 6976: 6973: 6968: 6961: 6957: 6954: 6949: 6942: 6938: 6935: 6930: 6914: 6910: 6909: 6904: 6898: 6891: 6887: 6884: 6879: 6872: 6868: 6865: 6860: 6853: 6849: 6846: 6841: 6834: 6830: 6827: 6822: 6814: 6808: 6793: 6789: 6783: 6772: 6766: 6758: 6752: 6744: 6740: 6736: 6730: 6728: 6719: 6713: 6711: 6695: 6691: 6685: 6666: 6659: 6653: 6645: 6639: 6624: 6618: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6588: 6572: 6568: 6562: 6543: 6536: 6530: 6522: 6516: 6505: 6499: 6483: 6479: 6473: 6457: 6453: 6447: 6438: 6432: 6426: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6387: 6380: 6376: 6373: 6368: 6352: 6348: 6342: 6336: 6334: 6327: 6320: 6315: 6309: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6295: 6291: 6286: 6279: 6275: 6272: 6267: 6260: 6255: 6248: 6244: 6241: 6236: 6228: 6224: 6217: 6209: 6203: 6195: 6189: 6182:. 3 May 2023. 6181: 6175: 6159: 6155: 6149: 6133: 6129: 6125: 6119: 6103: 6099: 6093: 6077: 6073: 6067: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6037: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6019: 6014: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5996: 5991: 5989: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5958: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5928: 5912: 5908: 5904: 5898: 5882: 5878: 5872: 5856: 5852: 5851: 5846: 5840: 5833: 5829: 5826: 5821: 5806: 5804:9781433041181 5800: 5796: 5795: 5788: 5772: 5768: 5766:9780521763103 5762: 5758: 5757: 5749: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5715: 5699: 5695: 5693:9780791442463 5689: 5685: 5684: 5676: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5646: 5639: 5635: 5632: 5627: 5616: 5611: 5592: 5585: 5579: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5549: 5547: 5538: 5532: 5524: 5518: 5510: 5504: 5496: 5490: 5475:(in Romanian) 5474: 5470: 5463: 5447: 5443: 5437: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5407: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5377: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5347: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5317: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5287: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5269: 5264: 5248: 5244: 5243: 5238: 5232: 5216: 5212: 5205: 5189: 5185: 5184: 5178: 5170: 5154: 5150: 5144: 5142: 5130: 5124: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5110: 5108: 5106: 5104: 5102: 5095: 5093: 5088: 5084: 5079: 5063: 5059: 5053: 5037: 5034:. Rferl.org. 5033: 5029: 5022: 5016: 5013: 5009: 5006: 5001: 4985: 4981: 4975: 4973: 4956: 4952: 4945: 4929: 4925: 4919: 4913: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4897: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4879: 4874: 4872: 4865: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4853:archive.today 4850: 4847: 4842: 4835: 4834:9781780746463 4831: 4825: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4794: 4788: 4783: 4777: 4772: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4742: 4740: 4723: 4719: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4678: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4648: 4632: 4628: 4627:Радіо Свобода 4624: 4617: 4610: 4604: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4574: 4558: 4554: 4548: 4541: 4528: 4524: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4496: 4492: 4478: 4472: 4463: 4458: 4454: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4403:Russian world 4401: 4399: 4396: 4393: 4390: 4389: 4385: 4384:Russia portal 4374: 4371: 4365: 4360: 4357: 4356:Europe portal 4346: 4343: 4337: 4332: 4324: 4314: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4303:South Ossetia 4300: 4296: 4290: 4280: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4240: 4230: 4228: 4224: 4223:single market 4220: 4215: 4213: 4209: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4195: 4189: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4174:supranational 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4149: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4117: 4111: 4105: 4098: 4097:Euler diagram 4060: 4043: 4038: 4034: 4027: 4022: 4015: 4010: 4009: 4003: 4000: 3997: 3994: 3991: 3988: 3985: 3982: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3964: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3950: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3929: 3926: 3923: 3920: 3917: 3914: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3900: 3897: 3894: 3891: 3888: 3885: 3882: 3879: 3876: 3873: 3870: 3867: 3864: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3850: 3847: 3844: 3841: 3838: 3835: 3832: 3829: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3800: 3797: 3794: 3791: 3788: 3785: 3782: 3779: 3776: 3773: 3770: 3767: 3764: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3741: 3738: 3735: 3732: 3729: 3726: 3723: 3720: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3682: 3679: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3644: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3626: 3623: 3620: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3588: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3507: 3501: 3494: 3491: 3486: 3483: 3478: 3475: 3470: 3467: 3460: 3457: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3443: 3442: 3438: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3416: 3407: 3405: 3401: 3390: 3388: 3384: 3379: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3348:mas-wrestling 3345: 3341: 3337: 3329: 3324: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3279:Sports events 3276: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3170: 3169: 3166: 3165: 3164:Controversies 3161: 3158: 3156: 3152: 3144: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3111: 3107: 3105: 3095: 3087: 3082: 3072: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3048: 3044: 3041: 3031: 3026: 3016: 3014: 3010: 3004: 3001: 2995: 2991: 2981: 2976: 2972: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2646: 2623: 2620:Index (2019) 2599: 2596: 2593: 2592: 2591:Economic data 2588: 2585: 2581: 2571: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2557: 2555: 2550: 2548: 2542: 2538: 2536: 2527: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2500: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2484: 2482: 2478: 2473: 2461: 2456: 2447: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2431: 2428: 2418: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2401:19 April 1994 2399: 2394: 2389: 2387: 2375: 2348: 2340: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2316: 2314: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2290: 2280: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2257: 2255:Not ratified 2254: 2249: 2244: 2241: 2228: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2185: 2175: 2173: 2167: 2164: 2155: 2152: 2150:Not ratified 2149: 2144: 2139: 2137: 2125: 2105: 2102: 2093: 2090: 2086: 2084: 2080: 2074: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2059: 2057: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2025: 2013: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1992: 1980: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1959: 1947: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1923: 1910: 1906: 1903:12 April 1994 1901: 1896: 1891: 1889: 1877: 1873: 1870:20 April 1994 1868: 1863: 1858: 1855: 1842: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1821: 1809: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1788: 1776: 1772: 1769:16 March 1994 1767: 1762: 1757: 1755: 1743: 1724: 1719:Member states 1716: 1713: 1707: 1695: 1693: 1692:member states 1685: 1676: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1661: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1647: 1641: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1617: 1615: 1610: 1609:St Petersburg 1606: 1601: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1575: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1562: 1558: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1545: 1541: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1504: 1500: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1461: 1456: 1455: 1451: 1448: 1447: 1441: 1437: 1427: 1424: 1419: 1411: 1402: 1400: 1399:privatisation 1396: 1392: 1387: 1385: 1381: 1378:, which were 1377: 1376:Baltic states 1373: 1369: 1366:) signed the 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1331: 1328: 1322: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1296:Ukrainian SSR 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1271: 1262: 1253: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1211:Ukrainian SSR 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1164: 1159: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1025: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 991: 986: 981: 974: 969: 966: 962: 958: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 927: 923: 919: 917: 913: 909: 905: 902: 898: 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