51:
4096:
3918:
296:
274:
3932:
420:
307:
1710:. Tajik Persian grammar is similar to the classical Persian grammar (and the grammar of modern varieties such as Iranian Persian). The most notable difference between classical Persian grammar and Tajik Persian grammar is the construction of the present progressive tense in each language. In Tajik, the present progressive form consists of a present progressive participle, from the verb истодан,
3897:, exercising a substantial influence in the republic's political, cultural and economic life. The influence of this influx of ethnic Tajik immigrants from the Uzbek SSR is most prominently manifested in the fact that literary Tajik is based on their northwestern dialects of the language, rather than the central dialects that are spoken by the natives in the Dushanbe region and adjacent areas.
2233:. The vast majority of these Russian loanwords which have entered the Tajik language through the fields of socioeconomics, technology and government, where most of the concepts and vocabulary of these fields have been borrowed from the Russian language. The introduction of Russian loanwords into the Tajik language was largely justified under the
4169:
Studies pertaining to the association between Tajik and
Persian include Amanova (1991), Kozlov (1949), Lazard (1970), Rozenfel'd (1961) and Wei-Mintz (1962). The following papers/presentations focus on specific aspects of Tajik and their historical modern Persian counterparts: Cejpek (1956), Jilraev
3905:
upper classes and continues its role as the vernacular of the majority of the country's population. There has been a rise in the number of Tajik publications. Increasing contact with media from Iran and
Afghanistan, after decades of isolation under the Soviets, as well as governemental orientation
971:
A very important moment in the development of the contemporary Tajik, especially of the spoken language, is the tendency in changing its dialectal orientation. The dialects of
Northern Tajikistan were the foundation of the prevalent standard Tajik, while the Southern dialects did not enjoy either
3893:. Neither Samarqand nor Bukhoro was included in the nascent Tajik SSR, despite their immense historical importance in Tajik history. After the creation of the Tajik SSR, a large number of ethnic Tajiks from the Uzbek SSR migrated there, particularly to the region of the capital,
811:, the head of the Uzbek Communist Party, Tajiks had to choose either to stay in Uzbekistan and get registered as Uzbek in their passports or leave the republic for the less-developed agricultural and mountainous Tajikistan. The "Uzbekisation" movement ended in 1924.
799:
Official statistics in
Uzbekistan state that the Tajik community comprises 5% of the nation's total population. However, these numbers do not include ethnic Tajiks who, for a variety of reasons, choose to identify themselves as Uzbeks in population census forms.
1233:
The Tajik language contains 24 consonants, 16 of which form contrastive pairs by voicing: . The table below lists the consonant phonemes in standard, literary Tajik. Letters from the Tajik
Cyrillic alphabet are given first, followed by IPA transcription.
3760:, the use of the Latin script was later replaced in 1939 by the Cyrillic script. The Tajik alphabet added six additional letters to the Cyrillic script inventory and these additional letters are distinguished in the Tajik orthography by the use of diacritics.
2253:. Since the late 1980s, an effort has been made to replace loanwords with native equivalents, using either old terms that had fallen out of use or coined terminology (including from Iranian Persian). Many of the coined terms for modern items such as
698:
as a result of geographical proximity. Tajik also retains numerous archaic elements in its vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar that have been lost elsewhere in the
Persophone world, in part due to its relative isolation in the mountains of
822:
are the native languages of most residents, are bilingual. Tajiks are the dominant ethnic group in
Northern Afghanistan as well and are also the majority group in scattered pockets elsewhere in the country, particularly urban areas such as
3900:
After the fall of the Soviet Union and
Tajikistan's independence in 1991, the government of Tajikistan has made substantial efforts to promote the use of Tajik in all spheres of public and private life. Tajik is gaining ground among the
985:
The table below lists the six vowel phonemes in standard, literary Tajik. Letters from the Tajik
Cyrillic alphabet are given first, followed by IPA transcription. Local dialects frequently have more than the six seen below.
635:
counterargued that Tajik was not a "bastardised dialect" of
Persian. The issue of whether Tajik and Persian are to be considered two dialects of a single language or two discrete languages has political aspects to it.
627:. Several scholars consider Tajik as a dialectal variety of Persian rather than a language on its own. The popularity of this conception of Tajik as a variety of Persian was such that, during the period in which
1222:
The vowel ⟨Ӣ ӣ⟩ usually represents a stressed /i/ at the end of a word. However, not all instances of ⟨Ӣ ӣ⟩ are stressed, as can be seen with the second person singular suffix -ӣ remaining unstressed.
1680:
generally falls on the first syllable in finite verb forms and on the last syllable in nouns and noun-like words. Examples of where stress does not fall on the last syllable are adverbs like: бале (
5723:
3724:
871:, and beyond. This Tajik diaspora is also the result of the poor state of the economy of Tajikistan and each year approximately one million men leave Tajikistan to gain employment in Russia.
3862:
among Tajiks in Ferghana and Samarqand, replacing the dominant language in those areas with Uzbek. Nevertheless, Tajik persisted in pockets, notably in Samarqand, Bukhoro and
792:
in the south and along Uzbekistan's eastern border with Tajikistan. Tajiki is still spoken by the majority of the population in Samarkand and Bukhara today although, as
50:
711:
Up to and including the nineteenth century, speakers in Afghanistan and Central Asia had no separate name for the language and simply regarded themselves as speaking
781:, but are defined by a prominent native usage of Tajik language. Today, virtually all Tajik speakers in Bukhara are bilingual in Tajik and Uzbek. This Tajik–Uzbek
3768:
According to many scholars, the New Persian language (which subsequently evolved into the Persian forms spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan) developed in
723:
derives from Persian, although it has been adopted by the speakers themselves. For most of the 20th century, its name was rendered in the Russian spelling of
843:. Tajiks constitute between 25% and 35% of the total population of the country. In Afghanistan, the dialects spoken by ethnic Tajiks are written using the
6656:
3827:
and covered much of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan and northeastern Iran, New Persian emerged as the court language and swiftly displaced Arabic.
682:, which has co-official language status. The Tajiki Persian of Tajikistan has diverged from Persian as spoken in Afghanistan and even more from that of
5323:
4763:
Ido, Shinji. 2014. Illustrations of the IPA: Bukharan Tajik. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 44. 87–102. Cambridge University Press.
424:
Areas where Tajik speakers comprise a majority shown in darker blue, and areas where Tajik speakers comprise a sizeable minority shown in lighter blue
6161:
5761:
1900:), although Arabic loan words may use Arabic forms. There is no definite article, but the indefinite article exists in the form of the number "one"
4442:
B. Rezvani: "Ethno-territorial conflict and coexistence in the Caucasus, Central Asia and Fereydan. Appendix 4: Tajik population in Uzbekistan" (
6952:
5120:
5082:
5044:
972:
popularity or prestige. Now all politicians and public officials make their speeches in the Kulob dialect, which is also used in broadcasting.
4415:
5324:Численность населения Республики Таджикистан на 1 января 2015 года. Сообщение Агентства по статистике при Президенте Республики Таджикистан
2181:
Tajik is conservative in its vocabulary, retaining numerous terms that have long since fallen into disuse in Iran and Afghanistan, such as
1783:, 'to have' followed by a conjugated verb in either the simple present tense, the habitual past tense or the habitual past perfect tense.
6285:
5728:
5697:
690:
and neighbouring Turkic languages. The standard language is based on the northwestern dialects of Tajik (region of the old major city of
324:
5687:
5356:
3945:
4781:
Windfuhr, Gernot. Persian Grammar: History and State of Its Study. De Gruyter, 1979. Trends in Linguistics. State-Of-The-Art Reports.
4401:
750:(the endonym for the Persian language) after Tajik. The law also called for a gradual reintroduction of the Perso-Arabic alphabet.
4389:
4377:
3838:
tribes moved into the region from the east. Since the 16th century AD, Tajik has come under increasing pressure from neighbouring
6947:
5713:
4355:
and the constituent republics had rights to declare additional state languages within their jurisdictions. See Article 4 of the
2293:
differ from their Afghan and Iranian equivalents, adding to the difficulty in intelligibility between Tajik and other forms of
814:
In Tajikistan Tajiks constitute 80% of the population and the language dominates in most parts of the country. Some Tajiks in
6154:
5754:
5217:
5186:
5104:
5066:
5016:
4956:
4899:
4845:
4504:
4359:
4338:
4248:
5718:
1656:
1640:
1580:
863:
exists due to the instability that has plagued Central Asia in recent years, with significant numbers of Tajiks found in
442:
3881:. Still, substantial numbers of Tajik-speakers remained outside the borders of the republic, mostly in the neighbouring
6937:
5692:
5158:
1191:
4672:
Khojayori, Nasrullo, and Mikael Thompson. Tajiki Reference Grammar for Beginners. Washington, DC: Georgetown UP, 2009.
4611:
Persian (2) is the language most spoken in Afghanistan. The native tongue of twenty-five percent of the population ...
4274:
6907:
5139:
4997:
4937:
4918:
4876:
4800:
3965:
527:
4170:(1962), Lorenz (1961, 1964), Murav'eva (1956), Murav'eva and Rubinl!ik (1959), Ostrovskij (1973) and Sadeghi (1991).
796:
has noted, their spoken dialects diverge considerably from the standard literary language and most cannot read it.
6942:
6932:
6917:
6912:
6147:
5747:
3807:
and other Iranian languages were relegated to the private sphere. In the 9th century AD, following the rise of the
1664:
1648:
1486:
1359:
563:
4577:
512:
6278:
3882:
3870:
3757:
1466:
432:
181:
5308:
5349:
5331:. A news clip about a Dushanbe book exhibition, with examples of various members of the public speaking Tajiki.
146:
6318:
4623:
3830:
New Persian became the lingua franca of Central Asia for centuries, although it eventually lost ground to the
410:
3877:
in 1929 helped to safeguard the future of Tajik, as it became an official language of the republic alongside
2237:
policy of modernisation and the necessary subordination of all languages to Russian for the achievement of a
1922:, the first positioned before the noun and the second joining the noun as a suffix. When a noun is used as a
1547:
1428:
345:
1211:
The open back vowel has varyingly been described as mid-back , , and . It is analogous to standard Persian
363:
6922:
6323:
5381:
1527:
1476:
1201:
1197:
1177:
6927:
6037:
5389:
1707:
1508:
1126:
1031:
631:
intellectuals were trying to establish Tajik as a language separate from Persian, prominent intellectual
319:
6271:
4210:
1590:
1498:
1349:
1339:
1112:
537:
251:
6733:
6558:
6333:
5666:
5450:
5342:
1662:
1654:
1646:
1638:
1613:
1588:
1578:
1557:
1545:
1537:
1535:
1525:
1506:
1496:
1484:
1474:
1464:
1436:
1426:
1416:
1406:
1387:
1377:
1367:
1357:
1347:
1337:
1300:
1290:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1165:
1157:
1151:
1149:
1137:
1124:
1110:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1068:
1066:
1045:
1029:
141:
4095:
3906:
toward a "persianisation" of the language have brought closer tajik and the other persian dialects.
4297:
3785:
1856:
Two forms of number exist in Tajik, singular and plural. The plural is marked by either the suffix
1379:
1167:
1047:
686:
due to political borders, geographical isolation, the standardisation process and the influence of
404:
4653:
4426:
6902:
6798:
6313:
6170:
5821:
5770:
5640:
5505:
4824:
Windfuhr, Gernot. "Persian and Tajik." The Iranian Languages. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009. 423.
4815:
Windfuhr, Gernot. "Persian and Tajik." The Iranian Languages. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009. 420.
4446:
3970:
3100:
1559:
1418:
1408:
1369:
126:
5269:
5258:
5254:
4643:
Windfuhr, Gernot. "Persian and Tajik." The Iranian Languages. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009. 421
4598:
4590:
6308:
5969:
5440:
5397:
1257:
1159:
1139:
1090:
965:
859:. Approximately 48%-58% of Afghan citizens are native speakers of Dari. A large Tajik-speaking
131:
956:
and belongs to the northern dialect grouping. It is chiefly distinguished by the inclusion of
6879:
6252:
6082:
6032:
5613:
5460:
5265:
4835:
4157:
1973:
and Tajik have maintained this suffix on indirect objects, as seen in the following example:
1615:
1570:
1302:
1292:
620:
486:
1997:
does not use the direct object marker as a suffix on the noun, but rather, as a stand-alone
6716:
6651:
6438:
5959:
5949:
5902:
5835:
5373:
1438:
556:
8:
6872:
6402:
6355:
6200:
5954:
5867:
5628:
4558:
1451:
491:
56:
785:
has had a strong influence on the phonology, morphology, and syntax of Bukharan Tajik.
6787:
6764:
6754:
6489:
6375:
6014:
5922:
5661:
5550:
5114:
5076:
5038:
4109:
4009:
3863:
3831:
1850:
1252:
789:
716:
522:
5091:
5090:
Nazarzoda, Saĭfiddin; Sanginov, Ahmadjon; Karimov, Said; Sulton, Mirzo Hasani (2008).
5053:
5052:
Nazarzoda, Saĭfiddin; Sanginov, Ahmadjon; Karimov, Said; Sulton, Mirzo Hasani (2008).
5026:
Nazarzoda, Saĭfiddin; Sanginov, Ahmadjon; Karimov, Said; Sulton, Mirzo Hasani (2008).
4699:
Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)
396:
6779:
6759:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6678:
6573:
6542:
6500:
6431:
6380:
6350:
6294:
6042:
5974:
5944:
5917:
5882:
5567:
5445:
5213:
5182:
5154:
5135:
5100:
5062:
5012:
4993:
4952:
4933:
4914:
4895:
4872:
4841:
4796:
4537:
4500:
4479:
3923:
3150:
2508:
1957:. This direct object suffix is added to the word after any plural suffixes. The form
1518:
1399:
1277:
1262:
1205:
1173:
911:
735:
731:
730:
In 1989, with the growth in Tajik nationalism, a law was enacted declaring Tajik the
660:
616:
136:
438:
6808:
6793:
6769:
6704:
6699:
6639:
6634:
6619:
6613:
6597:
6591:
6578:
6536:
6444:
6385:
6370:
6226:
6128:
6113:
6103:
6047:
6009:
5964:
5907:
5790:
5671:
5623:
5534:
5490:
5468:
5365:
5240:
4058:
4029:
3985:
3878:
3839:
3804:
3789:
3773:
3524:
3107:
2515:
2301:
2294:
2226:
1994:
1970:
1272:
1247:
1242:
852:
844:
815:
743:
687:
675:
667:
624:
592:
222:
151:
6749:
6721:
6711:
6664:
6607:
6602:
6583:
6464:
6459:
6407:
6342:
6236:
6216:
6123:
6118:
6024:
5999:
5989:
5979:
5844:
5645:
5618:
5583:
5529:
5524:
5500:
5473:
4682:
4363:
4356:
4244:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3937:
3753:
3745:
1605:
1267:
961:
957:
953:
933:
819:
808:
652:
640:
549:
532:
517:
202:
118:
1969:
could indicate both direct and indirect objects and some phrases used in modern
6868:
6826:
6516:
6505:
6454:
6397:
6391:
6365:
6360:
6221:
6184:
5994:
5912:
5887:
5877:
5816:
5635:
5413:
3975:
3855:
3851:
3835:
3781:
3718:
2242:
1319:
926:
828:
695:
648:
632:
206:
192:
5245:
5228:
6896:
6774:
6728:
6644:
6527:
6510:
6074:
5597:
5560:
5555:
5510:
5495:
5205:
4887:
4686:
by Azim Baizoyev and John Hayward, Routledge, London and New York, 2003, p. 3
4533:
4492:
4245:"The status of the Russian language in Tajikistan remains unchanged – Rahmon"
4223:
3902:
3859:
3723:
1923:
1701:
1457:
1330:
1002:
949:
856:
793:
245:
241:
218:
5303:
4866:
3780:
and Tajikistan. While the New Persian language was descended primarily from
5009:
Persian studies in North America: Studies in honor of Mohammad Ali Jazayery
4793:
Persian Studies in North America: Studies in Honor of Mohammad Ali Jazayery
4564:
4523:. Central Intelligence Agency (December 13, 2007). Retrieved on 2007-12-26.
4325:
3980:
3874:
3843:
3749:
3741:
2234:
2230:
1779:
In Iranian Persian, the present progressive form consists of the verb دار,
1389:
884:
804:
782:
766:
739:
700:
666:
Tajiki is one of the two official languages of Tajikistan, the other being
467:
228:
87:
6139:
5739:
4463:
The Birth of Tajikistan. National Identity and the Origins of the Republic
4270:
4083:
380:
6819:
5421:
5405:
5293:
4466:
4458:
4322:
Gendering Human Security in Afghanistan in a Time of Western Intervention
4205:
3854:
has also largely replaced Tajik in most areas of modern Uzbekistan – the
3769:
3701:
3686:
3671:
3656:
3641:
3626:
3611:
3596:
3581:
3566:
3551:
3536:
2304:
refers to the standard language of Iran, which differs somewhat from the
1677:
1145:
1014:
997:
671:
656:
612:
5328:
1225:
The vowels /i/, /u/ and /a/ may be reduced to in unstressed syllables.
6482:
5724:
List of countries and territories where Persian is an official language
4231:
4088:
3777:
3727:
1284:
1100:
1007:
896:
868:
778:
600:
596:
300:
278:
76:
72:
4652:
E.K. Sobirov (Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences).
4351:
In 1990 the Russian language was declared as the official language of
651:, the official administrative, religious and literary language of the
232:
6671:
5515:
4443:
3820:
2238:
1324:
1056:
968:
to other Tajik speakers, particularly speakers of northern dialects.
937:
892:
879:
Tajik dialects can be approximately split into the following groups:
851:, along with the dialects of other groups in Afghanistan such as the
770:
691:
389:
373:
355:
337:
6263:
5297:
6624:
5984:
5857:
5334:
4697:
3931:
3894:
3337:
2917:
2313:
2222:
1998:
1963:
can be literary or formal. In older forms of the Persian language,
1689:
960:
terms, principally religious vocabulary, and historical use of the
918:
904:
860:
450:
60:
5589:
4532:
See for example the Country report on Uzbekistan, released by the
6849:
6469:
6424:
5897:
5862:
4966:
Lazard, G. (1956). "Caractères distinctifs de la langue tadjik".
4833:
3812:
3808:
3799:
conquest of Iran and most of Central Asia in the 8th century AD,
1634:
888:
774:
446:
419:
4654:
On learning the vocabulary of the Tajik language in modern times
6629:
6476:
6449:
6108:
5892:
5872:
5852:
5266:
TAJIK iii. COLLOQUIAL TAJIKI IN COMPARISON WITH PERSIAN OF IRAN
3890:
3886:
3816:
3800:
3008:
2726:
2309:
2250:
941:
900:
864:
836:
832:
628:
604:
311:
111:
10.0 million for all countries (8.0 million in Tajikistan 2020)
98:
5089:
5051:
5025:
4624:"Tajikistan's missing men | Tajikistan | al Jazeera"
4324:(Routledge 2017), p. 51: for more details, see the article on
3730:
1929 coat of arms with Tajik language in Perso-Arabic script:
6098:
6004:
4445:). Dissertation. Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences,
4196:, Vol. 4, pp. 595–632, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3824:
3796:
2246:
922:
840:
824:
3736:, Current script: Ҷумҳурият Иҷтимоӣ Шӯравӣ Мухтор Тоҷикистон
6803:
5478:
5318:
5288:
5283:
4979:
Lazard, G. (1989). "Le Persan". In Schmitt, Rüdiger (ed.).
4668:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4352:
3847:
2305:
2241:
state. Vocabulary also comes from the geographically close
848:
694:), which have been somewhat influenced by the neighbouring
683:
679:
644:
608:
496:
5210:
A History of the Tajiks: Iranians of the East, 2nd edition
4892:
A History of the Tajiks: Iranians of the East, 2nd edition
4702:. Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta.
4497:
A History of the Tajiks: Iranians of the East, 2nd edition
449:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
5168:
Windfuhr, Gernot (1987). "Persian". In Comrie, B. (ed.).
3850:, Tajik is today virtually non-existent in that country.
4659:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4583:
4263:
5313:
4834:
Kirill Nourzhanov; Christian Bleuer (8 October 2013).
4271:"В Таджикистане русскому языку вернули прежний статус"
3514:
3499:
3484:
3469:
3454:
3439:
3424:
3409:
3394:
3379:
3364:
3349:
3327:
3312:
3297:
3282:
3267:
3252:
3237:
3222:
3207:
3192:
3177:
3162:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
742:). In addition, the law officially equated Tajik with
4630:
3834:
in much of its former domains as a growing number of
3784:, it also incorporated substantial elements of other
2716:
2710:
2695:
2680:
2665:
2659:
2644:
2629:
2623:
2608:
2593:
2578:
2563:
2548:
2542:
2527:
2229:
as a result of the position of Tajikistan within the
1714:, 'to stand' and a cliticised form of the verb -acт,
4827:
4339:"Foreign Social Science Bibliographies: Series P-92"
3913:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3013:
2907:
2890:
2875:
2860:
2845:
2830:
2815:
2800:
2785:
2770:
2755:
2738:
2316:, have also been included for comparative purposes.
2497:
2482:
2467:
2452:
2437:
2422:
2407:
2392:
2377:
2362:
2347:
2332:
2279:
2259:
2207:
2187:
2162:
2143:
2124:
2105:
2086:
2067:
2048:
2029:
1979:
1943:
1932:
1917:
1906:
1895:
1884:
1873:
1862:
1688:, meaning "because"). Stress also does not fall on
3866:, as well as in much of what is today Tajikistan.
5233:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
4946:
4465:. International Library of Central Asia Studies.
6894:
3811:, whose state was centered around the cities of
3776:, in what are today parts of Afghanistan, Iran,
3740:In Tajikistan and other countries of the former
1219:). However, it is standardly not a back vowel
5151:Persian Grammar: History and State of Its Study
4951:. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
4932:. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Verlag Peter Rump.
4864:
4791:Marashi, Mehdi; Jazayery, Mohammad Ali (1994).
4790:
4580:Bashiri Working Papers on Central Asia and Iran
4160:. Published by UN COM GmbH 2005 (LINCOM EUROPA)
5177:Windfuhr, Gernot (2009). "Persian and Tajik".
4947:Khojayori, Nasrullo; Thompson, Mikael (2009).
4754:by Shinji Ido, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, 2023
3507:
3492:
3477:
3462:
3447:
3432:
3417:
3402:
3387:
3372:
3357:
3342:
3320:
3305:
3290:
3275:
3260:
3245:
3230:
3215:
3200:
3185:
3170:
3155:
1653:respectively, with ⟨Ш ш⟩ and ⟨Ж ж⟩ also being
1156:. In central and southern dialects, classical
788:Tajiks are also found in large numbers in the
6279:
6155:
5755:
5350:
5284:Tajiki Cyrillic to Persian alphabet converter
4536:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
4228:A History of the Tajiks: Iranians of the East
3731:
3694:
3679:
3664:
3649:
3634:
3619:
3604:
3589:
3574:
3559:
3544:
3529:
2703:
2688:
2673:
2652:
2637:
2616:
2601:
2586:
2571:
2556:
2535:
2520:
2308:of Afghanistan. Two other Iranian languages,
557:
5294:Tajik Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words
4968:Bulletin de la Société Linguistique de Paris
4298:"LibGuides: Dari Language: Language History"
3885:, which created a source of tension between
3744:, Tajik Persian is currently written in the
2898:
2883:
2868:
2853:
2838:
2823:
2808:
2793:
2778:
2763:
2746:
2731:
760:
6169:
5769:
5698:Rudaki Institute of Language and Literature
5129:
4048:
4042:
4019:
4013:
2490:
2475:
2460:
2445:
2430:
2415:
2400:
2385:
2370:
2355:
2340:
2325:
2274:
2254:
2202:
2182:
2156:
2137:
2118:
2099:
2080:
2061:
2042:
2023:
1974:
1964:
1958:
1938:
1927:
1912:
1901:
1890:
1879:
1868:
1857:
1119:
1105:
1075:
1061:
1040:
1024:
1019:
325:Rudaki Institute of Language and Literature
39:
33:
6286:
6272:
6162:
6148:
5762:
5748:
5688:Academy of Persian Language and Literature
5357:
5343:
5119:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5081:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5043:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4837:Tajikistan: A Political and Social History
4413:
3946:Academy of Persian Language and Literature
1692:, nor on the marker of the direct object.
1136:In northern and Uzbek dialects, classical
564:
550:
418:
49:
5244:
4296:Library, International and Area Studies.
3803:for a time became the court language and
1204:remained (possibly due to influence from
1164:has chain shifted upward and merged into
757:was removed from the state language law.
670:as the official interethnic language. In
639:By way of Early New Persian, Tajik, like
16:Variety of Persian spoken in Central Asia
5176:
5167:
5148:
3722:
964:. Despite these differences, Bukhori is
910:Central dialects (dialects of the upper
607:. It is closely related to neighbouring
55:"Tojikī" written in Cyrillic script and
5714:List of English words of Persian origin
5006:
4927:
1853:, although they are marked for number.
932:Southeastern dialects (dialects of the
655:(224–651 CE), itself a continuation of
443:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
6895:
4978:
4965:
4949:Tajiki Reference Grammar for Beginners
4883:(includes a Tajiki-English Dictionary)
4865:Baizoyev, Azim; Hayward, John (2004).
4551:The History of the Clumsy Delimitation
4499:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 190.
4237:
818:in southeastern Tajikistan, where the
674:, this language is less influenced by
6293:
6267:
6143:
5743:
5338:
5204:
4987:
4886:
4695:
4578:The History of a National Catastrophe
4560:The History of a National Catastrophe
4491:
4416:"Tajik Language: Farsi or Not Farsi?"
4277:from the original on 5 September 2013
4152:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4079:
4077:
4057:
4028:
3733:جمهوريت اجتماعی شوروى مختار تاجيكستان
917:Southern dialects (South and East of
5843:
5809:
5364:
5007:Marashi, Mehdi, ed. (January 1994).
4553:, Irfon Publ. House, Dushanbe, 1991
4436:
4357:Law on Languages of Nations of USSR.
4181:The Rise of the New Persian Language
1706:The word order of Tajiki Persian is
5719:List of French loanwords in Persian
5226:
5099:(in Tajik). Vol. 2. Dushanbe.
5061:(in Tajik). Vol. 1. Dushanbe.
4908:
4414:Siddikzoda, Sukhail (August 2002).
4295:
4251:from the original on 2 October 2016
3732:
2899:
2884:
2869:
2854:
2839:
2824:
2809:
2794:
2779:
2764:
2747:
2732:
2704:
2689:
2674:
2653:
2638:
2617:
2602:
2587:
2572:
2557:
2536:
2521:
719:for the Persian language. The term
13:
6878:Languages between parentheses are
5693:Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan
5197:
4452:
4199:
4143:
4074:
14:
6964:
5277:
4990:A Tajik Persian Reference Grammar
4247:. RIA – RIA.ru. 22 October 2009.
3966:List of Persian poets and authors
3788:of ancient Central Asia, such as
3748:, although it was written in the
3712:
1637:, ⟨Ч ч⟩ and ⟨Ҷ ҷ⟩ are pronounced
6852:(unknown further classification)
5309:English-Tajik-Russian Dictionary
5289:A Worldwide Community for Tajiks
4214:, Brill Publications, CD version
4094:
3930:
3916:
952:of Central Asia is known as the
305:
294:
272:
5264:Bahriddin Aliev and Aya Okawa.
5132:A Short Sketch of Tajik Grammar
5096:Фарҳанги тафсирии забони тоҷикӣ
5058:Фарҳанги тафсирии забони тоҷикӣ
5031:Фарҳанги тафсирии забони тоҷикӣ
4981:Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum
4818:
4809:
4784:
4775:
4766:
4757:
4745:
4736:
4724:
4715:
4706:
4689:
4675:
4646:
4616:
4570:
4543:
4526:
4513:
4485:
4472:
4407:
4395:
4383:
4371:
4345:
4331:
4314:
4289:
4217:
4186:
4173:
3883:Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
3871:Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
3758:Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
2004:
6948:Persian dialects and varieties
6882:of the language on their left.
5729:Persian language in South Asia
5093:Farhangi tafsiri zaboni tojikī
5055:Farhangi tafsiri zaboni tojikī
5028:Farhangi tafsiri zaboni tojikī
4482:. Muenchen: LINCOM EUROPA 2007
4163:
4134:
4125:
4116:
4102:
4035:
4003:
1672:
1120:
1106:
1076:
1062:
1041:
1025:
1020:
1:
6953:Subject–object–verb languages
4840:. ANU E Press. pp. 22–.
4425:. No. 27. Archived from
4194:The Cambridge History of Iran
4030:[(zɐˈbɔnɪ)tʰɔdʒɪˈkʰi]
3991:
2176:
1926:, it is marked by the suffix
1228:
678:and is regarded as a form of
5314:Free Online Tajik Dictionary
4868:A beginner's guide to Tajiki
4732:Writing Systems of the World
4683:A Beginners' Guide to Tajiki
4059:[fɔɾˈsijɪtʰɔdʒɪˈkʰi]
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3014:
1769:man maktub navišta istoda-am
1766:Ман мактуб навишта истода-ам
975:
7:
5329:намоишгоҳи "Китоби Душанбе"
5170:The World's Major Languages
5011:. Bethesda, MD: Iranbooks.
4871:. London: RoutledgeCurzon.
4795:. Bethesda, MD: Iranbooks.
4402:Banuazizi & Weiner 1994
4302:guides.library.illinois.edu
4049:
4020:
3951:Bukhori Judeo-Tajik dialect
3909:
3702:
3687:
3672:
3657:
3642:
3627:
3612:
3597:
3582:
3567:
3552:
3537:
3515:
3500:
3485:
3470:
3455:
3440:
3425:
3410:
3395:
3380:
3365:
3350:
3328:
3313:
3298:
3283:
3268:
3253:
3238:
3223:
3208:
3193:
3178:
3163:
2908:
2891:
2876:
2861:
2846:
2831:
2816:
2801:
2786:
2771:
2756:
2739:
2717:
2711:
2696:
2681:
2666:
2660:
2645:
2630:
2624:
2609:
2594:
2579:
2564:
2549:
2543:
2528:
2498:
2483:
2468:
2453:
2438:
2423:
2408:
2393:
2378:
2363:
2348:
2333:
2280:
2260:
2208:
2188:
2163:
2144:
2125:
2106:
2087:
2068:
2049:
2030:
1980:
1944:
1933:
1918:
1907:
1896:
1885:
1874:
1863:
1684:, meaning "yes") and зеро (
1633:At least in the dialect of
874:
40:
34:
10:
6969:
6066:Russian-Tajik mixed speech
5641:Romanized Persian alphabet
4930:Tadschikisch Wort für Wort
4913:. München: Lincom Europa.
4591:"Afghanistan v. Languages"
4423:Media Insight Central Asia
4211:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
3858:in particular implemented
3842:. Once spoken in areas of
3763:
3752:beginning in 1928 and the
3716:
3098:
2506:
1878:(with contextual variants
1699:
1695:
6938:Languages of Turkmenistan
6859:
6842:
6742:
6566:
6557:
6416:
6341:
6332:
6301:
6245:
6209:
6193:
6177:
6091:
6073:
6056:
6023:
5935:
5834:
5800:
5777:
5706:
5680:
5667:Middle Persian literature
5654:
5606:
5576:
5543:
5459:
5451:Western Iranian languages
5433:
5372:
5246:10.1017/S002510031300011X
5212:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
5149:Windfuhr, Gernot (1979).
4928:Korotow, Michael (2004).
4894:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
4234:, 2nd ed., 2023, pp. 2–5.
4043:
4014:
3695:
3680:
3665:
3650:
3635:
3620:
3605:
3590:
3575:
3560:
3545:
3530:
3508:
3493:
3478:
3463:
3448:
3433:
3418:
3403:
3388:
3373:
3358:
3343:
3321:
3306:
3291:
3276:
3261:
3246:
3231:
3216:
3201:
3186:
3171:
3156:
2491:
2476:
2461:
2446:
2431:
2416:
2401:
2386:
2371:
2356:
2341:
2326:
2275:
2255:
2203:
2183:
2157:
2138:
2119:
2100:
2081:
2062:
2043:
2024:
1975:
1965:
1959:
1939:
1928:
1913:
1902:
1891:
1880:
1869:
1858:
1849:Nouns are not marked for
1834:man dār-am kār mi:-kon-am
1604:
1569:
1450:
1318:
1283:
1239:
1104:
1074:
980:
761:Geographical distribution
734:, with Russian being the
732:state (national) language
429:
417:
403:
387:
371:
353:
335:
330:
318:
284:
267:Official language in
265:
260:
189:
175:
115:
105:
93:
83:
68:
48:
31:
26:
21:
6908:Languages of Afghanistan
5095:
5057:
5030:
4752:Standard Tajik phonology
4179:Lazard, Gilbert (1975),
2151:up to, as far as, until
1844:
1775:'I am writing a letter.'
1148:forward in the mouth to
948:The dialect used by the
6943:Languages of Uzbekistan
6933:Languages of Tajikistan
6918:Languages of Kyrgyzstan
6913:Languages of Kazakhstan
6171:Languages of Uzbekistan
5822:Southern Uzbek language
5817:Northern Uzbek language
5771:Languages of Tajikistan
5255:TAJIK ii. TAJIK PERSIAN
5181:. New York: Routledge.
5130:Rastorgueva, V (1963).
4696:Novák, Ľubomír (2013).
4557:. English translation:
4447:University of Amsterdam
3971:List of Tajik musicians
3101:Indo-European languages
3000:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2923:
706:
647:, is a continuation of
5461:Dialects and varieties
5441:Indo-Iranian languages
3756:prior to 1928. In the
3737:
2037:from, through, across
659:, the language of the
615:with which it forms a
431:This article contains
6253:Russian Sign Language
6083:Russian Sign Language
6033:East Slavic languages
5614:Old Persian cuneiform
5417:(c. 300 BCE – 800 CE)
5319:Welcome to Tajikistan
5298:Swadesh-list appendix
5179:The Iranian Languages
5033:(in Tajik). Dushanbe.
4988:Perry, J. R. (2005).
4192:in Frye, R. N.,
3726:
929:region of Tajikistan)
777:, are in present-day
621:mutually intelligible
61:Nastaʿlīq calligraphy
6873:historical languages
6038:French Sign Language
5960:Central Asian Arabic
5903:Sanglechi-Ishkashimi
5836:Indigenous languages
5270:Encyclopædia Iranica
5259:Encyclopædia Iranica
5227:Ido, Shinji (2014).
4909:Ido, Shinji (2005).
4599:Encyclopædia Iranica
3869:The creation of the
2300:In the table below,
2245:and, as is usual in
2010:Simple prepositions
966:readily intelligible
765:Two major cities of
591:, is the variety of
147:Southwestern Iranian
101:in Tajikistan (2020)
6923:Languages of Russia
5629:Persian calligraphy
5382:Proto-Indo-European
5296:(from Wiktionary's
5172:. pp. 523–546.
4742:Korotkow, M. (2004)
4721:Perry, J. R. (2005)
4576:Rahim Masov. (1996)
4131:Halimov 1974: 30–31
2225:in Tajik come from
2011:
1708:subject–object–verb
991:
885:Northern Tajikistan
883:Northern dialects (
847:and referred to as
803:During the Soviet "
746:, placing the word
738:(as throughout the
474:History and culture
462:Part of a series on
286:Recognised minority
57:Perso-Arabic script
6928:Languages of China
6210:Minority languages
6194:Regional languages
5662:Persian literature
5409:(c. 525 – 300 BCE)
5390:Proto-Indo-Iranian
4730:Nakanishi, Akira,
4521:The World Factbook
4378:ed. Ehteshami 2002
4362:2016-05-08 at the
3864:Surxondaryo Region
3832:Chaghatai language
3738:
2918:Kurdish (Kurmanji)
2314:Kurdish (Kurmanji)
2009:
1851:grammatical gender
1831:من دارم کار میکنم
989:
790:Surxondaryo Region
753:In 1999, the word
38:), форсии тоҷикӣ (
6890:
6889:
6838:
6837:
6553:
6552:
6295:Iranian languages
6261:
6260:
6178:Official language
6137:
6136:
6092:Foreign languages
6043:Iranian languages
5936:Regional/Minority
5931:
5930:
5830:
5829:
5778:Official language
5737:
5736:
5592:
5544:Language features
5446:Iranian languages
5434:Language families
5426:
5418:
5410:
5402:
5394:
5386:
5304:BBC news in Tajik
5219:978-0-7556-4964-8
5188:978-0-7007-1131-4
5106:978-99947-715-5-4
5068:978-99947-715-7-8
5018:978-0-936347-35-6
4992:. Boston: Brill.
4958:978-1-58901-269-1
4901:978-0-7556-4964-8
4847:978-1-925021-16-5
4772:Perry, J. R. 2005
4506:978-0-7556-4964-8
4432:on June 13, 2006.
4140:Oafforov 1979: 33
4092:(27th ed., 2024)
3924:Tajikistan portal
3786:Iranian languages
3710:
3709:
3706:
3691:
3676:
3661:
3646:
3631:
3616:
3601:
3586:
3571:
3556:
3541:
3519:
3504:
3489:
3474:
3459:
3444:
3429:
3414:
3399:
3384:
3369:
3354:
3332:
3317:
3302:
3287:
3272:
3257:
3242:
3227:
3212:
3197:
3182:
3167:
2912:
2895:
2880:
2865:
2850:
2835:
2820:
2805:
2790:
2775:
2760:
2743:
2721:
2700:
2685:
2670:
2649:
2634:
2613:
2598:
2583:
2568:
2553:
2532:
2509:Iranian languages
2502:
2487:
2472:
2457:
2442:
2427:
2412:
2397:
2382:
2367:
2352:
2337:
2174:
2173:
1772:I letter write be
1631:
1630:
1521:
1460:
1402:
1333:
1176:dialect, earlier
1134:
1133:
903:valley region of
736:official language
661:Achaemenid Empire
623:varieties of the
574:
573:
457:
456:
439:rendering support
435:phonetic symbols.
320:Regulated by
6960:
6734:Zoroastrian Dari
6564:
6563:
6339:
6338:
6288:
6281:
6274:
6265:
6264:
6164:
6157:
6150:
6141:
6140:
6104:Mandarin Chinese
6048:Turkic languages
5841:
5840:
5807:
5806:
5764:
5757:
5750:
5741:
5740:
5672:Tajik literature
5624:Persian alphabet
5588:
5469:Standard Persian
5424:
5416:
5408:
5400:
5392:
5384:
5366:Persian language
5359:
5352:
5345:
5336:
5335:
5250:
5248:
5229:"Bukharan Tajik"
5223:
5192:
5173:
5164:
5145:
5124:
5118:
5110:
5086:
5080:
5072:
5048:
5042:
5034:
5022:
5003:
4984:
4975:
4962:
4943:
4924:
4905:
4882:
4852:
4851:
4831:
4825:
4822:
4816:
4813:
4807:
4806:
4788:
4782:
4779:
4773:
4770:
4764:
4761:
4755:
4749:
4743:
4740:
4734:
4728:
4722:
4719:
4713:
4710:
4704:
4703:
4693:
4687:
4679:
4673:
4670:
4657:
4650:
4644:
4641:
4628:
4627:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4606:
4587:
4581:
4574:
4568:
4556:
4547:
4541:
4530:
4524:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4489:
4483:
4476:
4470:
4456:
4450:
4440:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4420:
4411:
4405:
4399:
4393:
4387:
4381:
4375:
4369:
4368:
4349:
4343:
4342:
4335:
4329:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4241:
4235:
4221:
4215:
4206:Frye, R. N.
4203:
4197:
4190:
4184:
4177:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4154:
4141:
4138:
4132:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4114:
4113:
4106:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4081:
4062:
4061:
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3986:Help:IPA/Persian
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845:Persian alphabet
816:Gorno-Badakhshan
807:" supervised by
676:Turkic languages
625:Persian language
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18:
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5646:Persian Braille
5619:Pahlavi scripts
5602:
5584:Persian grammar
5572:
5539:
5501:Kuwaiti Persian
5455:
5429:
5368:
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5198:Further reading
5195:
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4712:Lazard, G. 1956
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4469:. 2007. Pg. 106
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4364:Wayback Machine
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4122:Lazard, G. 1989
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4021:(zaboni) tojikī
4015:(забони) тоҷикӣ
4008:
4004:
3994:
3961:Iranian studies
3956:Iranian peoples
3938:Language portal
3936:
3929:
3922:
3917:
3915:
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3766:
3754:Arabic alphabet
3746:Cyrillic script
3721:
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2075:on, upon, onto
2007:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:Rustam-ro zadam
1847:
1842:
1840:'I am working.'
1829:
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1807:
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1764:
1753:
1742:
1731:
1704:
1698:
1675:
1323:
1261:
1251:
1231:
1180:has shifted to
983:
978:
962:Hebrew alphabet
954:Bukhori dialect
936:region and the
877:
820:Pamir languages
809:Sharof Rashidov
763:
715:, which is the
709:
653:Sasanian Empire
641:Iranian Persian
570:
437:Without proper
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261:Official status
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142:Western Iranian
122:
119:Language family
117:
108:
107:Native speakers
79:
75:
64:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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6903:Tajik language
6888:
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6876:
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6854:
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6846:
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6827:Middle Persian
6823:
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6806:
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6791:
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6782:
6772:
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6714:
6709:
6708:
6707:
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6700:Semnani proper
6697:
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6319:Middle Iranian
6316:
6311:
6305:
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6298:
6291:
6290:
6283:
6276:
6268:
6259:
6258:
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6255:
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6247:
6246:Sign languages
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5674:
5669:
5664:
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5649:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5636:Tajik alphabet
5633:
5632:
5631:
5621:
5616:
5610:
5608:
5607:Writing system
5604:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5595:
5594:
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5580:
5578:
5574:
5573:
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5570:
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5532:
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5522:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5487:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5465:
5463:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5437:
5435:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5427:
5419:
5414:Middle Persian
5411:
5403:
5395:
5387:
5378:
5376:
5370:
5369:
5362:
5361:
5354:
5347:
5339:
5333:
5332:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5291:
5286:
5279:
5278:External links
5276:
5274:
5273:
5262:
5251:
5224:
5218:
5206:Foltz, Richard
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5187:
5174:
5165:
5160:978-9027977748
5159:
5153:. De Gruyter.
5146:
5140:
5127:
5126:
5125:
5105:
5087:
5067:
5023:
5017:
5004:
4998:
4985:
4976:
4963:
4957:
4944:
4938:
4925:
4919:
4906:
4900:
4888:Foltz, Richard
4884:
4877:
4861:
4860:
4859:
4854:
4853:
4846:
4826:
4817:
4808:
4801:
4783:
4774:
4765:
4756:
4744:
4735:
4723:
4714:
4705:
4688:
4674:
4658:
4645:
4629:
4615:
4595:Ch. M. Kieffer
4582:
4569:
4542:
4525:
4512:
4505:
4493:Foltz, Richard
4484:
4480:Bukharan Tajik
4471:
4451:
4435:
4406:
4394:
4390:ed. Malik 1996
4382:
4370:
4344:
4330:
4313:
4288:
4262:
4236:
4216:
4198:
4185:
4172:
4162:
4142:
4133:
4124:
4115:
4101:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4034:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3976:Tajik alphabet
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3927:
3911:
3908:
3856:Russian Empire
3795:Following the
3782:Middle Persian
3765:
3762:
3719:Tajik alphabet
3717:Main article:
3714:
3713:Writing system
3711:
3708:
3707:
3692:
3677:
3662:
3658:krasnyj, ryžij
3651:красный, рыжий
3647:
3632:
3617:
3602:
3587:
3572:
3557:
3542:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3505:
3490:
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3333:
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3198:
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3168:
3153:
3147:
3146:
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3131:
3128:
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3119:
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3018:
3011:
3005:
3004:
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2969:
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2934:
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2920:
2914:
2913:
2896:
2885:شِين، زٙرْغُون
2881:
2866:
2851:
2836:
2821:
2806:
2791:
2776:
2761:
2744:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2701:
2686:
2671:
2650:
2635:
2614:
2599:
2584:
2569:
2554:
2533:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2504:
2503:
2488:
2473:
2458:
2443:
2428:
2413:
2398:
2383:
2368:
2353:
2338:
2323:
2288:vacuum cleaner
2243:Uzbek language
2221:. Most modern
2178:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2006:
2003:
1940:Рустамро задам
1846:
1843:
1837:I have work do
1819:
1808:
1797:
1786:
1785:
1754:
1743:
1732:
1721:
1720:
1700:Main article:
1697:
1694:
1674:
1671:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1610:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1585:
1575:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1542:
1532:
1522:
1514:
1513:
1503:
1493:
1491:
1481:
1471:
1461:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1433:
1423:
1413:
1403:
1395:
1394:
1384:
1374:
1364:
1354:
1344:
1334:
1327:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1297:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1255:
1245:
1240:
1230:
1227:
1132:
1131:
1117:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1073:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1038:
1036:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
982:
979:
977:
974:
946:
945:
930:
915:
908:
876:
873:
857:Aimaq dialects
829:Mazar-i-Sharif
762:
759:
708:
705:
696:Uzbek language
663:(550–330 BC).
649:Middle Persian
633:Sadriddin Ayni
587:, also called
585:Tajiki Persian
572:
571:
569:
568:
561:
554:
546:
543:
542:
541:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
507:
506:
502:
501:
500:
499:
494:
489:
484:
476:
475:
471:
470:
464:
463:
455:
454:
441:, you may see
427:
426:
423:
415:
414:
407:
401:
400:
393:
385:
384:
377:
369:
368:
359:
351:
350:
341:
333:
332:
331:Language codes
328:
327:
322:
316:
315:
292:
290:
285:
282:
281:
269:
266:
263:
262:
258:
257:
255:
254:
249:
239:
237:
236:
226:
215:
213:
210:
207:Tajik alphabet
199:
197:
193:Writing system
190:
187:
186:
185:
184:
177:
173:
172:
170:
169:
168:
167:
166:
165:
164:
163:
162:
161:
160:
159:
125:
123:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
70:
69:Native to
66:
65:
54:
46:
45:
29:
28:
27:Tajiki Persian
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6965:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6900:
6898:
6881:
6877:
6874:
6870:
6866:
6863:
6862:
6858:
6851:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6841:
6829:
6828:
6824:
6822:
6821:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6799:Caucasian Tat
6797:
6796:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6789:
6785:
6781:
6778:
6777:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6747:
6745:
6741:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6723:
6720:
6719:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6687:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6680:
6676:
6674:
6673:
6669:
6667:
6666:
6662:
6658:
6655:
6654:
6653:
6650:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6615:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6593:
6589:
6585:
6582:
6581:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6571:
6569:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6556:
6544:
6541:
6540:
6539:
6538:
6534:
6530:
6529:
6525:
6519:
6518:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6503:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6492:
6491:
6487:
6485:
6484:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6452:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6440:
6436:
6434:
6433:
6429:
6427:
6426:
6422:
6421:
6419:
6415:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6393:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6344:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6331:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6309:Proto-Iranian
6307:
6306:
6304:
6300:
6296:
6289:
6284:
6282:
6277:
6275:
6270:
6269:
6266:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6248:
6244:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6208:
6202:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6192:
6186:
6183:
6182:
6180:
6176:
6172:
6165:
6160:
6158:
6153:
6151:
6146:
6145:
6142:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6090:
6084:
6081:
6080:
6078:
6076:
6072:
6065:
6063:Iranian style
6062:
6061:
6059:
6055:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6026:
6022:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5970:Crimean Tatar
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5942:
5940:
5934:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5850:
5848:
5846:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5833:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5808:
5805:
5799:
5793:(interethnic)
5792:
5789:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5765:
5760:
5758:
5753:
5751:
5746:
5745:
5742:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5705:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5681:Organizations
5679:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5653:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5630:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5605:
5599:
5598:Tajik grammar
5596:
5591:
5587:
5586:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5575:
5569:
5566:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5553:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5542:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5519:
5514:
5512:
5511:Judeo-Persian
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5471:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5458:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5432:
5423:
5420:
5415:
5412:
5407:
5404:
5401:(c. 1500 BCE)
5399:
5398:Proto-Iranian
5396:
5393:(c. 2000 BCE)
5391:
5388:
5385:(c. 3000 BCE)
5383:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5371:
5367:
5360:
5355:
5353:
5348:
5346:
5341:
5340:
5337:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5299:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5271:
5267:
5263:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5239:(1): 87–102.
5238:
5234:
5230:
5225:
5221:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5202:
5190:
5184:
5180:
5175:
5171:
5166:
5162:
5156:
5152:
5147:
5143:
5141:0-933070-28-4
5137:
5133:
5128:
5122:
5116:
5108:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5088:
5084:
5078:
5070:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5050:
5049:
5046:
5040:
5029:
5024:
5020:
5014:
5010:
5005:
5001:
4999:90-04-14323-8
4995:
4991:
4986:
4982:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4964:
4960:
4954:
4950:
4945:
4941:
4939:3-89416-347-X
4935:
4931:
4926:
4922:
4920:3-89586-316-5
4916:
4912:
4907:
4903:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4880:
4878:0-415-31597-2
4874:
4870:
4869:
4863:
4862:
4857:
4856:
4849:
4843:
4839:
4838:
4830:
4821:
4812:
4804:
4802:9780936347356
4798:
4794:
4787:
4778:
4769:
4760:
4753:
4748:
4739:
4733:
4727:
4718:
4709:
4701:
4700:
4692:
4685:
4684:
4678:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4655:
4649:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4634:
4625:
4619:
4612:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4586:
4579:
4573:
4566:
4562:
4561:
4552:
4549:Rahim Masov,
4546:
4539:
4535:
4534:United States
4529:
4522:
4516:
4508:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4488:
4481:
4475:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4455:
4448:
4444:
4439:
4428:
4424:
4417:
4410:
4403:
4398:
4391:
4386:
4379:
4374:
4365:
4361:
4358:
4354:
4348:
4340:
4334:
4327:
4323:
4317:
4303:
4299:
4292:
4276:
4272:
4266:
4250:
4246:
4240:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4224:Richard Foltz
4220:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4195:
4189:
4182:
4176:
4166:
4159:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4137:
4128:
4119:
4111:
4105:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4067:
4060:
4051:
4050:forsii tojikī
4044:форсии тоҷикӣ
4038:
4031:
4022:
4011:
4006:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3928:
3925:
3914:
3907:
3904:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3860:Turkification
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3729:
3725:
3720:
3704:
3693:
3689:
3678:
3674:
3663:
3659:
3648:
3644:
3633:
3629:
3618:
3614:
3603:
3599:
3588:
3584:
3573:
3569:
3558:
3554:
3543:
3539:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3506:
3502:
3491:
3487:
3476:
3472:
3461:
3457:
3446:
3442:
3431:
3427:
3416:
3412:
3401:
3397:
3386:
3382:
3371:
3367:
3356:
3352:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3319:
3315:
3304:
3300:
3289:
3285:
3274:
3270:
3259:
3255:
3244:
3240:
3229:
3225:
3214:
3210:
3199:
3195:
3184:
3180:
3169:
3165:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2897:
2893:
2892:shin, zərghun
2882:
2878:
2867:
2863:
2852:
2848:
2837:
2833:
2822:
2818:
2807:
2803:
2792:
2788:
2777:
2773:
2762:
2758:
2745:
2741:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2713:
2702:
2698:
2687:
2683:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2651:
2647:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2615:
2611:
2600:
2596:
2585:
2581:
2570:
2566:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2534:
2530:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2489:
2485:
2474:
2470:
2459:
2455:
2444:
2440:
2429:
2425:
2414:
2410:
2399:
2395:
2384:
2380:
2369:
2365:
2354:
2350:
2339:
2335:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2282:
2262:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2210:
2190:
2169:
2165:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1982:
1972:
1946:
1935:
1925:
1924:direct object
1920:
1909:
1898:
1887:
1876:
1865:
1854:
1852:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1702:Tajik grammar
1693:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1670:
1666:
1658:
1650:
1642:
1636:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1200:from earlier
1193:
1185:
1175:
1169:
1161:
1153:
1147:
1146:chain shifted
1141:
1128:
1118:
1114:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1092:
1084:
1070:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
993:
990:Tajik vowels
987:
973:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
950:Bukharan Jews
943:
939:
935:
931:
928:
924:
920:
916:
913:
909:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
881:
880:
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
821:
817:
812:
810:
806:
801:
797:
795:
794:Richard Foltz
791:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
758:
756:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
704:
702:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
664:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
637:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
581:Tajik Persian
578:
567:
562:
560:
555:
553:
548:
547:
545:
544:
539:
536:
534:
533:United States
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
510:
509:
508:
504:
503:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
479:
478:
477:
473:
472:
469:
466:
465:
461:
460:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
434:
428:
421:
416:
412:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
392:
391:
386:
382:
378:
375:
370:
365:
360:
357:
352:
347:
342:
339:
334:
329:
326:
323:
321:
317:
313:
302:
291:
283:
280:
270:
264:
259:
253:
252:Tajik Braille
250:
247:
246:Bukharan Jews
243:
240:
234:
230:
227:
224:
220:
217:
216:
214:
212:Historically:
211:
208:
204:
201:
200:
198:
194:
188:
183:
180:
179:
178:
174:
158:
155:
154:
153:
150:
149:
148:
145:
144:
143:
140:
139:
138:
135:
134:
133:
130:
129:
128:
127:Indo-European
124:
120:
114:
110:
104:
100:
96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
78:
74:
71:
67:
62:
58:
52:
47:
42:
41:Forsii Tojikī
36:
30:
25:
20:
6864:
6825:
6818:
6813:
6786:
6677:
6670:
6663:
6612:
6590:
6535:
6526:
6515:
6495:
6488:
6481:
6437:
6430:
6423:
6390:
6231:
6057:Mixed-speech
5784:
5707:Other topics
5517:
5483:
5253:John Perry.
5236:
5232:
5209:
5178:
5169:
5150:
5131:
5092:
5054:
5027:
5008:
4989:
4983:. Wiesbaden.
4980:
4971:
4967:
4948:
4929:
4910:
4891:
4867:
4836:
4829:
4820:
4811:
4792:
4786:
4777:
4768:
4759:
4751:
4747:
4738:
4731:
4726:
4717:
4708:
4698:
4691:
4681:
4677:
4648:
4618:
4610:
4603:. Retrieved
4594:
4585:
4572:
4565:Iraj Bashiri
4559:
4555:(in Russian)
4550:
4545:
4528:
4520:
4519:Uzbekistan.
4515:
4496:
4487:
4478:Shinji Ido.
4474:
4462:
4454:
4438:
4427:the original
4422:
4409:
4397:
4385:
4373:
4367:(in Russian)
4347:
4333:
4326:Tajik people
4321:
4320:Ben Walter,
4316:
4305:. Retrieved
4301:
4291:
4281:13 September
4279:. Retrieved
4273:. Lenta.ru.
4265:
4255:30 September
4253:. Retrieved
4239:
4227:
4219:
4209:
4201:
4193:
4188:
4180:
4175:
4165:
4156:Shinji ldo.
4136:
4127:
4118:
4104:
4087:
4037:
4005:
3981:Surudi Milli
3899:
3875:Soviet Union
3868:
3844:Turkmenistan
3829:
3794:
3767:
3750:Latin script
3742:Soviet Union
3739:
2306:Dari Persian
2299:
2231:Soviet Union
2180:
2005:Prepositions
1981:Xudo-ro šukr
1952:I hit Rustam
1855:
1848:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1632:
1232:
1224:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1135:
984:
970:
947:
878:
813:
805:Uzbekisation
802:
798:
787:
783:bilingualism
767:Central Asia
764:
754:
752:
747:
729:
724:
720:
712:
710:
701:Central Asia
665:
645:Dari Persian
638:
588:
584:
580:
576:
575:
481:
430:
405:Linguasphere
388:
156:
132:Indo-Iranian
97:8.0 million
88:Central Asia
6820:Old Persian
6652:Mazanderani
6439:Khwarezmian
6324:New Iranian
6314:Old Iranian
5950:Azerbaijani
5801:Significant
5516:Judeo-Tat (
5422:New Persian
5406:Old Persian
4605:10 December
4601:, online ed
4467:I.B. Tauris
4459:Paul Bergne
3873:within the
3770:Transoxiana
1976:Худоро шукр
1718:, 'to be'.
1678:Word stress
1673:Word stress
1571:Approximant
672:Afghanistan
657:Old Persian
613:Afghanistan
513:Afghanistan
445:instead of
6897:Categories
6483:Sarghulami
6403:Yazghulami
6356:Ishkashimi
6201:Karakalpak
5955:Belarusian
5868:Ishkashimi
5655:Literature
5551:Vocabulary
5425:(from 800)
5134:. Mouton.
4974:: 117–186.
4563:, transl.
4307:2024-06-30
4232:Bloomsbury
4230:, London:
4208:, "Darī",
4089:Ethnologue
4055:pronounced
4026:pronounced
3992:References
3846:, such as
3778:Uzbekistan
3728:Tajik ASSR
2223:loan words
2177:Vocabulary
1993:). Modern
1824:mi:-kon-am
1229:Consonants
1196:, however
925:, and the
899:, and the
897:Kyrgyzstan
869:Kazakhstan
779:Uzbekistan
601:Uzbekistan
597:Tajikistan
595:spoken in
538:Uzbekistan
528:Tajikistan
505:Population
301:Uzbekistan
279:Tajikistan
77:Uzbekistan
73:Tajikistan
6880:varieties
6867:indicate
6788:Pahlavani
6780:Bakhtiari
6765:Kuhmareyi
6755:Bashkardi
6672:Old Azeri
6376:Sanglechi
6015:Ukrainian
5938:languages
5923:Yazgulyam
5568:Phonology
5115:cite book
5077:cite book
5039:cite book
4656:, p. 115.
4392:, p. 274.
4380:, p. 219.
4069:Citations
3903:Russified
3821:Samarqand
2281:čangkašak
2276:чангкашак
2261:garmkunak
2256:гармкунак
2239:Communist
2170:like, as
1988:Thank God
1759:istoda-am
1756:истода-ам
1690:enclitics
1458:voiceless
1452:Fricative
1331:voiceless
1325:Affricate
1258:Post-alv.
1174:Zarafshon
1172:. In the
976:Phonology
938:Amu Darya
912:Zarafshan
893:Samarkand
771:Samarkand
692:Samarqand
617:continuum
411:58-AAC-ci
390:Glottolog
374:ISO 639-3
356:ISO 639-2
338:ISO 639-1
182:Bukharian
94:Ethnicity
6809:Hazaragi
6760:Garmsiri
6695:Sangsari
6690:Lasgerdi
6679:Parthian
6657:Tabaroid
6625:Kurmanji
6574:Ashtiani
6543:Yaghnobi
6501:Ossetian
6490:Scythian
6465:Southern
6460:Northern
6432:Bactrian
6381:Sarikoli
6351:Bartangi
6025:Families
5985:Hazaragi
5975:Georgian
5945:Armenian
5918:Yaghnobi
5883:Oroshani
5858:Bartangi
5803:minority
5491:Hazaragi
5208:(2023).
4890:(2023).
4495:(2023).
4404:, p. 33.
4360:Archived
4275:Archived
4249:Archived
3910:See also
3895:Dushanbe
3809:Samanids
3774:Khorasan
3338:Sanskrit
3151:Armenian
2966:sisê, sê
2094:without
2018:English
1999:morpheme
1937:, e.g.,
1253:Alveolar
1206:Yaghnobi
919:Dushanbe
905:Dushanbe
875:Dialects
861:diaspora
853:Hazaragi
523:Pakistan
482:Language
451:Help:IPA
397:taji1245
203:Cyrillic
176:Dialects
32:Тоҷикӣ (
6869:extinct
6865:Italics
6850:Badeshi
6794:Persian
6770:Kumzari
6712:Taleshi
6705:Sorkhei
6685:Semnani
6640:Kordali
6620:Kurdish
6614:Gorgani
6592:Daylami
6584:Makrani
6579:Balochi
6559:Western
6537:Sogdian
6496:Alanian
6470:Wanetsi
6455:Central
6445:Parachi
6425:Avestan
6386:Shughni
6371:Roshani
6334:Eastern
6302:History
6227:Russian
6129:Turkish
6114:English
6010:Turkmen
5965:Chinese
5908:Shughni
5898:Rushani
5863:Bukhori
5791:Russian
5787:(state)
5577:Grammar
5535:Dehwari
5530:Sistani
5525:Bukhori
5474:Iranian
5374:History
4858:Sources
4567:, 1996.
4341:. 1965.
4110:"Tajik"
4041:Tajik:
4010:Endonym
3879:Russian
3813:Bukhoro
3805:Persian
3797:Islamic
3790:Sogdian
3764:History
3688:zelënyj
3681:зелёный
3525:Russian
3471:rudhira
3108:English
2733:مْیاشْت
2573:خْواهَر
2516:Persian
2302:Persian
2295:Persian
2247:Islamic
2227:Russian
2132:at, in
1995:Persian
1971:Persian
1748:navišta
1745:навишта
1712:istodan
1696:Grammar
1635:Bukhara
1278:Glottal
1263:Palatal
1003:Central
914:Valley)
889:Bukhara
775:Bukhara
744:Persian
725:Tadzhik
717:endonym
688:Russian
668:Russian
593:Persian
487:Culture
447:Unicode
235:-based)
233:Yañalif
152:Persian
137:Iranian
6843:Others
6750:Achomi
6722:Tatoid
6665:Median
6635:Xwarin
6630:Sorani
6608:Gorani
6603:Gilaki
6517:Jassic
6477:Ormuri
6450:Pashto
6417:Others
6408:Yidgha
6237:Uyghur
6217:Kazakh
6124:German
6119:French
6109:Arabic
6000:Pashto
5990:Kyrgyz
5980:Dungan
5893:Pashto
5873:Khowar
5853:Aimaqi
5518:Juhuri
5479:Afghan
5216:
5185:
5157:
5138:
5103:
5065:
5015:
4996:
4955:
4936:
4917:
4898:
4875:
4844:
4799:
4503:
4449:. 2013
3891:Uzbeks
3887:Tajiks
3836:Turkic
3817:Buxoro
3801:Arabic
3673:žëltyj
3666:жёлтый
3643:čërnyj
3636:чёрный
3583:sestra
3576:сестра
3538:mesjac
3501:harita
3396:svasr̥
3284:karmir
3277:կարմիր
3254:yerek'
3139:yellow
3121:sister
3118:mother
3099:Other
2740:myâsht
2727:Pashto
2603:بِینِی
2507:Other
2310:Pashto
2268:heater
2251:Arabic
2235:Soviet
2209:farbeh
2204:фарбеҳ
1821:میکنم
1802:dār-am
1740:letter
1737:maktub
1734:мактуб
1519:voiced
1400:voiced
1273:Uvular
1248:Dental
1243:Labial
1215:(long
981:Vowels
958:Hebrew
942:Rushon
934:Darvoz
901:Varzob
865:Russia
839:, and
837:Ghazni
833:Kunduz
605:Tajiks
589:Tajiki
518:Canada
468:Tajiks
312:Russia
242:Hebrew
219:Arabic
99:Tajiks
84:Region
35:Tojikī
6814:Tajik
6743:South
6567:North
6506:Digor
6398:Wakhi
6392:Vanji
6366:Munji
6361:Khufi
6343:Pamir
6232:Tajik
6222:Parya
6185:Uzbek
6099:Farsi
6075:Signs
6005:Tatar
5995:Parya
5913:Wakhi
5888:Parya
5878:Khufi
5845:Pamir
5810:Uzbek
5785:Tajik
5590:Ezāfe
5561:Verbs
5556:Nouns
5496:Aimaq
5484:Tajik
4911:Tajik
4430:(PDF)
4419:(PDF)
4158:Tajik
4084:Tajik
3997:Notes
3901:once-
3852:Uzbek
3825:Herat
3553:novyj
3546:новый
3531:месяц
3516:vr̥ka
3464:रुधिर
3456:śyāma
3449:श्याम
3411:nakta
3389:स्वसृ
3381:mātr̥
3314:kanač
3307:կանաչ
3299:deġin
3292:դեղին
3239:k'it'
3224:gišer
3217:գիշեր
3209:k'uyr
3202:քույր
3145:wolf
3142:green
3133:black
3130:three
3124:night
3112:month
3029:dayik
2945:xwîşk
2900:لېوٙه
2870:زْیَړ
2810:پوزَه
2795:ښْپَه
2757:nəway
2750:نٙوَے
2748:نٙوَی
2705:گُرْگ
2690:سَبْز
2675:زَرْد
2654:سُرْخ
2646:siyāh
2639:سِياه
2580:xāhar
2565:mādar
2558:مادَر
2439:siyoh
2379:xohar
2372:хоҳар
2364:modar
2357:модар
2322:Tajik
2189:arziz
2184:арзиз
2113:with
2015:Tajik
1845:Nouns
1751:write
1606:Trill
1285:Nasal
1268:Velar
1015:Close
998:Front
940:near
927:Rasht
923:Kulob
841:Herat
825:Kabul
755:Farsi
748:Farsi
740:Union
721:Tajik
713:Farsi
629:Tajik
577:Tajik
229:Latin
157:Tajik
22:Tajik
6804:Dari
6775:Luri
6729:Zaza
6717:Tati
6645:Laki
6598:Fars
6528:Saka
6511:Iron
5214:ISBN
5183:ISBN
5155:ISBN
5136:ISBN
5121:link
5101:ISBN
5083:link
5063:ISBN
5045:link
5013:ISBN
4994:ISBN
4953:ISBN
4934:ISBN
4915:ISBN
4896:ISBN
4873:ISBN
4842:ISBN
4797:ISBN
4607:2010
4538:here
4501:ISBN
4353:USSR
4283:2013
4257:2016
3889:and
3848:Merv
3823:and
3772:and
3703:volk
3696:волк
3598:nočʹ
3591:ночь
3568:matʹ
3561:мать
3494:हरित
3486:pīta
3434:त्रि
3426:nāsa
3404:नक्त
3374:मातृ
3366:nava
3351:māsa
3329:gayl
3322:գայլ
3247:երեք
3194:mayr
3187:մայր
3164:amis
3157:ամիս
3127:nose
3092:gurg
3085:sewz
3078:zerd
3036:xoşk
3015:mang
2994:kesk
2909:lewə
2902:لېوۀ
2877:zyaṛ
2855:سُور
2825:دْرې
2817:poza
2802:shpa
2718:gorg
2712:gurg
2697:sabz
2682:zard
2667:sorx
2661:surx
2610:bīnī
2499:gurg
2492:гург
2484:sabz
2477:сабз
2469:zard
2462:зард
2454:surx
2447:сурх
2432:сиёҳ
2409:binī
2402:бинӣ
2312:and
2273:and
2201:and
1911:and
1897:-gon
1892:-гон
1889:and
1886:-yon
1816:work
1805:have
1799:دارم
1716:-ast
1686:zero
1682:bale
1661:and
1645:and
1320:Stop
1144:has
1101:Open
1008:Back
855:and
849:Dari
773:and
707:Name
684:Iran
680:Dari
643:and
609:Dari
599:and
497:Sart
244:(by
6871:or
5506:Tat
5241:doi
4086:at
3819:),
3628:tri
3621:три
3613:nos
3606:нос
3509:वृक
3479:पीत
3441:tri
3419:नास
3344:मास
3269:sev
3232:քիթ
3179:nor
3172:նոր
3136:red
3115:new
3071:sûr
3064:reş
3050:lût
3043:şew
3022:nwê
3001:gur
2987:zer
2980:sor
2973:reş
2959:poz
2952:şev
2924:meh
2862:sur
2847:tor
2840:تور
2832:dre
2787:xor
2780:خور
2772:mor
2765:مور
2618:سِه
2595:šab
2588:شَب
2550:now
2544:naw
2537:نَو
2529:māh
2522:ماه
2394:šab
2387:шаб
2349:nav
2342:нав
2334:moh
2327:моҳ
2216:fat
2196:tin
2164:čun
2158:чун
2126:dar
2120:дар
2069:bar
2063:бар
2056:to
1966:-ро
1960:-ро
1934:-ro
1929:-ро
1908:yak
1881:-ён
1875:-on
1870:-он
1867:or
1864:-ho
1859:-ҳо
1813:kār
1810:کار
1791:man
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