296:, to divert the arms they were supplying the movement with, to himself, instead of the president Gordon Muortat. Following this, Lagu openly formed a coup against Muortat, and made every battalion pledge allegiance to him instead of Muortat if they wanted arms. The coup was able to successfully unite the army under Lagu and the transition of power was peaceful, Lagu assumed leadership of the movement both politically and militarily, and carried on the warfare against the north, the movement was renamed the South Sudan Liberation Movement. In 1972, Joseph Lagu signed a peace agreement with the north, ending the 17 year civil war. The peace agreement was initially rejected by leading members of the military such as Emmanuel Abuur and
150:
29:
360:(SPLM/A) was founded. Competition between Anyanya II and the SPLM/A led to the eventual defeat of Anyanya II. Some of its members were incorporated into the ranks of the SPLM/A, and others were consolidated into a militia supported by the government of Sudan.
336:
were notable former
Anyanya in the Ugandan military. As result of their association with Amin's unpopular regime, "Anyanya" eventually became a derogatory term in Uganda and was used as negative catch-all word for northern Ugandans as well as foreigners.
283:
was elected unanimously as southern Sudan's new president of the movement, the former SSPG was renamed the Nile
Provisional Government (NPG). Under Muortat, the movement was able to carry on waging war against the north. However, Muortat's chief of staff
33:
The
Anyanya flag: Red was for the blood spilled in the war; green for the land; white for hope of peace; black for Africa. The buffalo symbolized strength. Variant versions had a buffalo, a snake, and arrow poison in the center, or had no emblem at
593:
253:, and other tribes from southern Sudan waged a war against the Sudanese government. The foundation took place after a meeting between southern politicians and military at the residence of
380:, head of the Ugandan Military Police under Amin, was a former Anyanya. There is no firm proof for this claim, however, and it does not fit into what is known of his life and career.
585:
658:
Ethnicity and
Military Rule in Uganda: a study of ethnicity as a political factor in Uganda, based on a discussion of political anthropology and the application of its results
559:
275:
The
Anyanya movement, although relatively strong, was weakened by the internal political wrangling amongst the leading politicians of the liberation movement. In 1969,
509:
Scopas S. Poggo, “Albino, Oliver Batali”, pp 57 – 58 in Robert Kramer et al. “Historical
Dictionary of the Sudan”, 4th edition, 2013, Scarecrow Press
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788:
783:
51:
59:
55:
329:
734:
300:. However a letter circulated to all Anyanya forces which detailed the plan of the rebellion against the peace agreement was intercepted.
800:
500:
Poggo, S. First
Sudanese Civil War: Africans, Arabs, and Israelis in the Southern Sudan 1955-1972, p. 68. S.l.: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.
491:
Poggo, S. First
Sudanese Civil War: Africans, Arabs, and Israelis in the Southern Sudan 1955-1972, p. 64. S.l.: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.
463:
633:
279:
left the
Anyanya movement due to his frustration with the lack of cohesiveness and bickering within the movement. Shortly after
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328:, as he regarded them as loyal to his government. Most of the Sudanese ex-insurgents actually acted as mercenaries.
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The
Anyanya launched their first organized military offensive against the Sudanese army on September 19, 1963, in
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Colonization, Arabization, Slavery, and War, and War Against Indigenous Peoples of Southern Sudan
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Obote and assumed the Ugandan presidency in 1971, he recruited even more ex-Anyanya into the
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In 1975, many discontented former Anyanya who had stayed in Sudan, took up arms in eastern
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352:. When the Addis Abeba Agreement fell apart in 1983, marking the beginning of the
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Even before the civil war's formal end, many Anyanya had crossed the border to
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Beyond Idi Amin: Causes and Drivers of Political Violence in Uganda, 1971-1979
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218:
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The South Sudan Defence Force (SSDF):A challenge to the Sudan Peace Process
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276:
254:
69:
43:
560:"Failed 1974 coup against Amin leads to purge of Lugbara officers in army"
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333:
320:, Amin had these fighters recruited into the Uganda Army. After Amin had
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controlled the military. Despite opposition by the Ugandan President
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417:"1955-1972. First Sudanese Civil War / Anyanya/Anya-Nya Movement"
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97:
309:
293:
246:
28:
586:"How Amin's commander betrayed Ugandan fighters to Tanzanians"
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Wells, Victor C. and Samuel P. Dilla, December 1993, "
197:(1955–1972). A separate movement that rose during the
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265:, George Akumbek, Julius Moroga, and Severino Fuli.
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664:. Uppsala: Scandinavian Inst. of African Studies.
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446:Sudan – First Civil War (globalsecurity.org)
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217:The Anyanya was founded in 1963, as the
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358:Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army
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668:
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596:from the original on 19 December 2018
261:on August 19. Those present included
584:Amin, Jaffar Rembo (14 April 2013).
583:
470:" Fourth World Bulletin, Vol.3, No.1
16:South Sudanese separatist rebel army
13:
201:were, in turn, called Anyanya II.
14:
1221:
780:Southern Sudan Autonomous Region
640:" Situation Report, 8 April 2004
148:
27:
697:. London: Hurst & Company.
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577:
551:
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288:was able through his assistant
138:South Sudan Liberation Movement
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503:
494:
485:
439:
1:
796:Comprehensive Peace Agreement
669:Lowman, Thomas James (2020).
655:Hansen, Holger Bernt (1977).
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193:rebel army formed during the
801:2011 independence referendum
771:Addis Ababa Agreement (1972)
558:Felix Ocen (21 March 2021).
120:Southern Sudanese separatism
7:
1190:Rebel groups in South Sudan
1073:Water supply and sanitation
205:means "snake venom" in the
155:Sudan People's Armed Forces
10:
1226:
466:February 23, 2007, at the
376:It was often claimed that
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776:Second Sudanese Civil War
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354:Second Sudanese Civil War
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199:Second Sudanese Civil War
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93:
83:
65:
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21:
1210:First Sudanese Civil War
884:Administrative divisions
816:South Sudanese Civil War
766:First Sudanese Civil War
678:(PhD). Durham University
363:
195:First Sudanese Civil War
1205:Politics of South Sudan
691:Martell, Peter (2018).
806:United Nations Mission
636:July 20, 2011, at the
1185:Rebel groups in Sudan
1200:Rebellions in Africa
1195:Wars involving Sudan
348:. They were labeled
290:Oliver Batali Albino
281:Gordon Muortat Mayen
74:Gordon Muortat Mayen
427:on 27 November 2018
312:, where their ally
104:Active regions
89:19 August 1963–1972
992:Telecommunications
694:First Raise a Flag
292:to negotiate with
85:Dates of operation
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1014:
954:
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904:Foreign relations
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865:
548:, pp. 47–48.
270:Eastern Equatoria
188:southern Sudanese
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164:Succeeded by
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590:Daily Monitor
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564:Daily Monitor
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421:Sudan Tribune
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60:Severino Fuli
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56:Julius Moroga
53:
49:
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38:
30:
25:
20:
1106:Coat of arms
1063:Prostitution
1038:Demographics
997:Trade unions
977:Central bank
909:Human rights
894:Constitution
760:
693:
680:. Retrieved
671:
657:
625:
598:. Retrieved
589:
579:
567:. Retrieved
563:
553:
541:
534:Martell 2018
529:
505:
496:
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480:Martell 2018
475:
441:
431:16 September
429:. Retrieved
425:the original
420:
401:Martell 2018
396:
372:
339:
318:Milton Obote
307:
277:Aggrey Jaden
274:
267:
255:Joseph Oduho
216:
202:
183:
179:
177:
170:(unofficial)
163:
129:5,000–10,000
94:Headquarters
70:Aggrey Jaden
44:Joseph Oduho
914:LGBT rights
744:South Sudan
648:Works cited
618:Lowman 2020
546:Lowman 2020
522:Hansen 1977
334:Godwin Sule
330:Ali Towelli
326:Uganda Army
298:John Garang
286:Joseph Lagu
263:Joseph Lagu
108:South Sudan
78:Joseph Lagu
48:Joseph Lagu
1179:Categories
1116:Literature
931:Parliament
899:Corruption
848:Ecoregions
600:3 February
388:References
350:Anyanya II
342:Upper Nile
322:overthrown
191:separatist
168:Anyanya II
1058:Languages
1043:Education
1002:Transport
982:Companies
941:President
921:Judiciary
889:Elections
831:Geography
346:Equatoria
186:) were a
144:Opponents
1164:Category
1068:Religion
987:Currency
936:Military
872:Politics
634:Archived
594:Archived
569:21 April
464:Archived
314:Idi Amin
184:Anya-Nya
115:Ideology
40:Founders
1155:Outline
1083:Culture
1021:Society
1007:Tourism
972:Banking
960:Economy
789:2005–11
784:1972–83
761:Anyanya
753:History
259:Kampala
213:History
203:Anyanya
180:Anyanya
98:Kampala
66:Leaders
22:Anyanya
1101:Cinema
1091:Anthem
1053:Health
853:Rivers
843:Cities
701:
682:6 July
356:, the
310:Uganda
304:Legacy
294:Israel
243:Acholi
231:Lotuko
219:Pojulu
134:Allies
1136:Sport
1126:Music
1121:Media
676:(PDF)
662:(PDF)
364:Notes
251:Dinka
247:Zande
1111:Flag
699:ISBN
684:2020
602:2019
571:2021
433:2019
344:and
332:and
239:Bari
235:Madi
227:Nuer
223:Moru
178:The
126:Size
34:all.
1096:Art
257:in
1181::
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588:.
562:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
