820:. Rice believed that the hostile Apaches were still in the area so, on the next day, May 15, he and Averill left camp and proceeded down the trail with twelve enlisted men, ten Apache scouts and four civilians, including John Slaughter and his ranch foreman, Jesse Fisher. The expedition did not catch up with the hostiles that day but that night, when the soldiers were making camp, Rice sent the Apache scouts ahead of his little column to see if they could locate the enemy camp. Just as Rice hoped, on the morning of May 16, the scouts found the hostiles' camp somewhere in the canyon. In May 1896, the United States Army could not legally enter Mexican territory but the newspapers concluded that the attack did take place south of the border.
984:
expedition was sent into Sonora. On June 21, Lieutenant
William Yates was leading the expedition through Pulpito Mountain, sixty miles south of the border, when he came across an Apache camp. An immediate attack was ordered, which led to the capture of a five-year-old girl, a horse, and some camping equipment. There was no fighting though and it was reported that four warriors, four women and one other child got away. American newspapers claimed the Apache scouts that participated in the expedition had warned the Apache camp before the attack began, allowing the majority time to escape.
925:". Curley's account was a little different than Averill's. Curley said that as the women were running towards him he tried to point them out to Averill but he could not see. Therefore, Curley figured he should open fire to not only alarm Averill of the hostiles but to complete his objective by stopping the enemy from fleeing. No matter which account is true, the women sought shelter from the bullets behind a series of rock formations but they later got away. In Averill's official report, he blames Curley for failing to get him into the right position and for "
857:" Second Lieutenant Averill took with him twelve enlisted men, three Apache scouts, and the four man posse, to move north of the hostiles' camp. From there Averill left one scout and the four civilians to cover the northern side while he, the enlisted men, and two other scouts split up to cover the eastern and the western sides. Lieutenant Rice was left to make the attack with one soldier and the seven remaining scouts. Moving into position took at least five hours but by 4:00 am, on May 17, Rice was "
43:
758:, near Lang's Ranch, southwest of Cloverdale, New Mexico. However, other accounts say the skirmish occurred in the Guadalupe Mountains of Mexico, about fifty miles south of the border. Averill reported that his men killed or wounded one Apache man and wounded a woman while the rest fled. One of the Apaches fired a few shots from behind a tree before getting away. The Americans also captured a little girl who was left behind at the camp. She was later taken in by a member of the expedition,
889:" on the next ridge over, one of the scouts said that the person was an Apache woman. Averill looked through his field glasses and saw what he thought was Rice so he moved his men to the next ridge and ordered them to make sure they didn't open fire. However, Lieutenant Rice and his men had been watching Adelnietze for a while so the order to open fire was given. Adelnietze was hit by one of the first bullets but he was able to run down the mountainside "
993:
940:" Adelnietze escaped though and the pursuit was called off forty-eight hours later because the Apache scouts told Rice that the Apache would likely die from his wound. Rice then went back to see Lieutenant Bullock, who ordered him to keep searching for Adelnietze's body and that of the Apache said to have been wounded on May 8. The
792:" The scouts said that two of the horses were ridden by woman and that only one had a man on its back. It was getting dark by that time so Lieutenant Rice decided to make camp for the night. Early the next morning, on May 13, Rice and his men continued following the trail south until, on May 14, it turned east towards the
799:
Around this time, Rice met some of Second
Lieutenant Averill's men, who were still scouting in the area. It was then decided that Rice would join Averill at his camp, in Guadalupe Canyon, to see Lieutenant Edwin C. Bullock, who was their superior. Before reaching the camp, Averill himself rode up to
977:
The major-general commanding the army appreciates very highly the skill, fortitude, and perseverance of the troops… and the success so far achieved…. First
Lieutenant Sedgwick Rice and Second Lieutenant N.K. Averill, Seventh Cavalry, and the non-commissioned officers, guides and Indian scouts under
904:
Rice thought that the fleeing
Apaches would run straight into Averill's command but he didn't know that Averill had split up with the posse and had spread his men out in a bad way. Averill later blamed his scouts for being unwilling to move any closer to the hostiles' camp. He quoted one as saying;
1036:" so Viola made some new clothes for her. Accounts differ, but somehow, in 1901, Apache May's dress caught on fire. The girl was severely burned and she died the following morning. Her remains now rest at the Slaughter family cemetery, located on the ranch, and her dress has been preserved by the
983:
After May 17, there was only one other notable encounter between the United States Army and off reservation
Apaches during the campaign. On June 4, 1896, the Americans received permission from the Mexican government to pursue Apaches across the international border and shortly thereafter a small
706:
with other Apache prisoners. Massai then found his way back to
Arizona alone and on foot. Contemporary accounts say that Massai and the Apache Kid occasionally cooperated with each other and that most of Massai's raids into the United States may have been attributed to the Kid. According to an
1016:" between Apaches and American or Mexican settlers continued into the 1930s. Britt Wilson says that Massai was ambushed and killed in September 1906 by a New Mexican posse. However, others believed that the Apache Kid was the man who died that day so the area was named the
876:
At about 7:00 am, just before sunrise, the Apache man
Adelnietze appeared. Adelnietze was with Geronimo's band ten years before, but, instead of surrendering at Skeleton Canyon, he continued to live as a nomad with his family. Rice later reported that Adelnietze was
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who were raiding and not living in a reservation. It began in April after Apache raiders killed three white
American settlers in the Arizona Territory. The Apaches were pursued by the army, which caught up with them in the Four Corners region of Arizona,
686:
The Apache Kid left the reservation in 1887, but he surrendered to the army in June of the same year. He remained in the civilian legal system until
November 1889, when he escaped police custody during an incident known as the
964:" The scouts also found articles of clothing that belonged to the murdered Elizabeth Merill and her father. All of Adelnietze's belongings were found at the camp, except the leggings, which were picked up from an area of "
788:, and then south through the Peloncillos. On the next day, May 12, the Apache scouts detected the hostiles' trail and determined that it was made by five horses, one of which had iron horseshoes and the other four were "
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873:" for the Americans and the scouts. Rice forbid his men from attacking the women, unless in self defense, because the scouts told him that the women would likely surrender if the warriors were killed.
509:
1032:, believed that the Apache Kid was the father of the little girl and that she must have been about twelve months old. When found, Apache May was wearing a dress made out of Elizabeth Merill's "
29:
849:" he came up with a plan to surround the hostiles stealthy and cut off any possible escape routes leading down the mountainside. This would be difficult though, the May 22 issue of the
635:. There were only two important encounters during the campaign and, because both of them occurred in the remote Four Corners region, it is unknown if they took place on American or
746:
also formed to assist the army in the search. There were only two important encounters during the campaign. The first was on May 8, 1896, when a combined scouting expedition under
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865:" of the natives. Rice wanted to wait until sunrise to begin the attack so he and his men would have to wait at least three more hours. By 6:00 am, the Apache women in camp "
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The lieutenant sent a sergeant and two other soldiers to one canyon, and he took the other men behind a peak that he assumed lay on the back side of the Apache camp.
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323:
881:" because one of the women had seen the soldiers at the base of the mountainside. Averill then decided to move closer to the hostiles. Britt Wilson says that "
145:
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precipitable character... the perpendicular or overhanging rocks and abrupt declivities making it an almost impossibility to get closer than long range shot.
901:" Though Britt Wilson repeatedly refers to the second encounter as a "fight," nowhere in his account does it say that the Apaches actually returned fire.
802:
Guadalupe Canyon a natural, protected pass leading into Mexico from
Arizona Territory, had been used by the Apaches for a long time as an escape route.
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The Apache Campaign of 1896 was the last time the United States Army would go after Apaches but, according to author and historian Lynda Sánchez, of
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113:
726:. Accounts differ: some say that the Apache Kid killed the Merrills and Hands, but Britt Wilson says that Massai killed them. Either way, the
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Just by myself, without the help of another scout, it was slow trailing. They ought to have sent two or three scouts along with me to help.
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Rice and told him that the hostiles had crossed the international border about three miles west of Cloverdale. According to Britt Wilson, "
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The scouts sent two men back to Rice's camp to inform him of the enemy's presence. Later Rice said that because the hostile Apaches were "
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moved very slowly and finally refused to go any further, either through fear for himself or through fear of alarming the renegades.
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When Lieutenant Rice realized that the Apache men were escaping he could only chase after one so he followed Adelnietze's "
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On December 3, 1895, the settlers Elizabeth Merrill and her father, Horatio Merrill, were murdered by Apache raiders near
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later reported that both of the bodies were found and that much of Adelnietze's belongings were captured, including his
917:" When the shooting started, Averill had just finished hiking down to the bottom of Guadalupe Canyon. Wilson says that "
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in an exceedingly difficult position in a ledge of rock, or rather a pinnacle, about halfway up a very steep mountain,
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893:" followed by at least one of the women. The soldiers also fired on Massai, who, by that time, was awake and he "
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804:" During Geronimo's War, in June 1885, a small battle was fought there when Chiricahuas attacked an army
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Sumner's seemingly equivocal response neither affirmed nor denied that the fight took place in Mexico.
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762:, who claimed that he was the one who killed the Apache and that the man he shot was the Apache Kid.
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and Arizona citizens pressured the local authorities into doing something about the "renegades".
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and on March 28, 1896, Alfred Hands was killed at his cabin on the eastern side of the
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continued to fight against the United States and Mexico from their strongholds in the
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1020:. The little Apache girl, captured on May 8, went to live with John Slaughter at the
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933:" for the Apache scout he left with John Slaughter and the other three civilians.
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Massai had been on the run since 1882, when he heard of the Apache exodus from
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698:. After Geronimo's surrender, Massai became famous for escaping the army in
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bullets ricocheted harmlessly off the rocks that provided him with cover.
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by the mid-1890s, hostile Apache activity in southern Arizona increased.
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885:" When they were in position, Averill noticed a person standing atop a "
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about the exact location of the encounter but Britt Wilson says that "
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and four soldiers. They first headed for San Simon Station, a town in
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1028:, for the month in which she was found. Both John and his wife,
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The shots chased the three Apache women directly toward Averill,
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667:. There were two well known Apaches leading small groups: the
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1092:"Soldiers vs. Apaches: One Last Time at Guadalupe Canyon"
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article by Britt W. Wilson, in the October 2001 issue of
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1024:, which is now a national historic site. She was named
929:" the renegades by opening fire on them. Averill also "
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Camp right here, we sit down, Chericahuas hear us….
895:
made a hasty retreat from the camp, as the troopers
808:and a few years before that it was the site of the
1248:19th-century military history of the United States
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968:" Despite the fact that the Apaches got away,
1172:"The McLaury Brother's Tombstone Story pt.II"
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853:described Guadalupe Canyon as being one of "
1204:. United States Government Printing Office.
47:Apache scouts following Massai's trail, by
738:After Hands' death, the army launched an "
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496:
114:
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1161:United States War Department, pp. 143–144
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921:" but Curley scared them off by firing "
679:who had served on opposing sides during
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1089:
891:through a narrow opening in the rocks,
1208:
1202:Annual report of the Secretary of War
1200:United States War Department (1896).
1111:
754:, found the hostiles encamped in the
491:
95:
859:only 250 yards above the Apache camp
812:, in which Mexican policemen killed
696:San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation
1283:Battles involving the United States
978:their command are highly commended.
13:
909:" Averill later said that Curley "
655:, Arizona in September 1886, when
14:
1309:
1090:Wilson, Britt W. (October 2001).
966:ground was saturated with blood.
1213:. University of Nebraska Press.
702:, while traveling on a train to
722:, near the present day town of
121:
1164:
765:Two or three days after that,
742:" to catch those responsible.
1:
1193:
861:" and in a place that had a "
831:, requested information from
642:
368:Battle of Ojo Caliente (1879)
1278:Battles involving the Apache
1174:. Cp1237.com. Archived from
1055:
996:Apache May, photographed by
987:
659:surrendered, small bands of
7:
1238:Military history of Arizona
1043:
879:responding to an alarm call
733:
675:. Both leaders were former
10:
1314:
1211:Captive Arizona, 1851–1900
1038:Arizona Historical Society
1258:1896 in Arizona Territory
1128:"The Story of Apache May"
931:expressed dissatisfaction
810:Guadalupe Canyon Massacre
534:
178:Antelope Hills Expedition
131:
78:
64:
56:
40:
1209:Smith, Victoria (2009).
1050:Skeleton Canyon Shootout
950:with a shortened barrel,
393:Battle of Tres Castillos
776:Sedgwick Rice out from
477:Guadalupe Canyon (1896)
18:
16:Part of the Apache Wars
1034:muslin election poster
1005:
946:1873 Springfield rifle
614:of 1896 was the final
579:Battle of Kelley Creek
30:considered for merging
1140:on September 17, 2011
1018:Apache Kid Wilderness
995:
913:" Curley responded; "
780:, Arizona with three
760:John Horton Slaughter
750:Nathan King Averill,
689:Kelvin Grade Massacre
589:Battle of Bear Valley
569:Crazy Snake Rebellion
564:Padre Canyon Incident
559:Battle of Sugar Point
205:Bonneville Expedition
1243:New Mexico Territory
1022:San Bernardino Ranch
942:Tombstone Prospector
851:Tombstone Prospector
772:, 7th Cavalry, sent
756:Peloncillo Mountains
720:Chiricahua Mountains
523:American Indian Wars
351:Buffalo Hunters' War
1114:, pp. 176–186.
740:aggressive campaign
472:Cherry Creek (1890)
467:Kelvin Grade (1889)
356:Yellow House Canyon
260:2nd Dragoon Springs
255:1st Dragoon Springs
161:Ojo Caliente Canyon
37:
1096:Wild West magazine
1006:
962:filled with blood.
938:very bloody trail.
867:began moving about
790:shod with rawhide.
618:operation against
616:United States Army
240:Gallinas Mountains
49:Frederic Remington
35:
1288:April 1896 events
1268:American frontier
1253:Conflicts in 1896
1220:978-0-8032-1090-5
836:Edwin Vose Sumner
825:George D. Ruggles
814:"Old Man" Clanton
748:Second Lieutenant
607:
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485:
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373:Las Animas Canyon
334:Salt River Canyon
235:Florida Mountains
183:Little Robe Creek
168:Texas–Indian wars
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89:
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1298:June 1896 events
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1186:
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1133:. Archived from
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1100:
1099:
1087:
1014:violent episodes
898:
829:Washington, D.C.
822:Adjutant General
816:and his gang of
786:San Simon Valley
544:Bannock Uprising
529:
526:
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462:Post 1887 period
455:Pinito Mountains
440:Little Dry Creek
297:Black Hawk's War
173:Diablo Mountains
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1293:May 1896 events
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1012:, New Mexico, "
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973:Nelson A. Miles
896:
869:", presenting "
863:commanding view
818:cattle rustlers
796:of New Mexico.
744:Civilian posses
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653:Skeleton Canyon
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612:Apache Campaign
608:
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554:Apache Campaign
539:Renegade period
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378:Hembrillo Basin
285:Doubtful Canyon
195:Chiricahua Wars
188:1st Adobe Walls
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60:April–June 1896
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36:Apache Campaign
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960:and leggings "
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681:Geronimo's War
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1178:on 2014-11-27
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574:Last Massacre
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230:Cookes Canyon
228:
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220:Bascom Affair
218:
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215:Mimbres River
213:
211:
210:Madera Canyon
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136:Jicarilla War
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69:United States
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27:
26:
25:Infobox event
22:
1210:
1201:
1180:. Retrieved
1176:the original
1166:
1142:. Retrieved
1135:the original
1095:
1033:
1013:
1007:
982:
976:
965:
961:
949:
941:
937:
935:
930:
926:
923:into the air
922:
918:
914:
910:
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903:
894:
890:
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871:easy targets
870:
866:
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844:
839:
801:
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789:
764:
739:
737:
716:Solomonville
713:
708:
693:
685:
665:Sierra Madre
646:
611:
609:
553:
476:
445:Nacori Chico
425:Big Dry Wash
324:Burro Canyon
151:Bell's Fight
23:
1273:Apache Wars
1144:December 5,
752:7th Cavalry
661:Chiricahuas
649:Apache Wars
647:Though the
528:(1895–1924)
450:Bear Valley
415:Fort Apache
344:Sunset Pass
339:Turret Peak
329:Tonto Basin
309:Yavapai War
302:Pipe Spring
265:Apache Pass
250:Pinos Altos
156:Cieneguilla
146:Wagon Mound
124:Apache Wars
19:‹ The
1232:Categories
1194:References
1182:2014-04-19
1112:Smith 2009
1026:Apache May
1004:, Arizona.
778:Fort Grant
774:Lieutenant
728:newspapers
709:Wild West,
669:Apache Kid
643:Background
625:New Mexico
319:Wickenburg
314:Camp Grant
280:Mount Gray
86:2 captured
1056:Citations
1002:Tombstone
998:C. S. Fly
988:Aftermath
958:moccasins
651:ended at
633:Chihuahua
599:Posey War
584:Bluff War
84:1 wounded
28:is being
1044:See also
734:Campaign
700:Missouri
657:Geronimo
82:2 killed
65:Location
32:. ›
21:template
1010:Lincoln
975:said; "
970:General
927:warning
833:Colonel
806:redoubt
767:Captain
704:Florida
637:Mexican
620:Apaches
520:End of
270:Big Bug
245:Placito
79:Outcome
51:, 1898.
1217:
724:Portal
673:Massai
639:soil.
629:Sonora
73:Mexico
1138:(PDF)
1131:(PDF)
1030:Viola
897:'
827:, in
275:Mowry
225:Tubac
1215:ISBN
1146:2011
952:" a
671:and
631:and
610:The
383:Alma
57:Date
1040:.
1000:in
954:bow
948:, "
1234::
1154:^
1119:^
1104:^
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1064:^
980:"
842:"
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683:.
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71:,
1223:.
1185:.
1148:.
1098:.
905:"
877:"
511:e
504:t
497:v
115:e
108:t
101:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
