3896:
2863:
2496:
2205:
3618:
3726:
419:
3031:
36:
607:
4098:. Many African states did not attain independence until the 1960s from France after bloody insurgencies for their freedom. These struggles were settled by the imperial powers approving the form of independence given, so as a consequence almost all of these borders have remained. Some of these borders were agreed upon without consultation of those individuals that had served the colonial interests of Britain or France. One such agreement solely between Britain and France (to the exclusion of Sherif Hussein ibn Ali), signed in total secrecy until
1641:
336:
2702:
2598:
1724:, various parameters may be applied to determine whether a state or territory should be included in this alternative definition of the Arab world. These parameters may be applied to the states and territories of the Arab League (which constitute the Arab world under the standard definition) and to other states and territories. Typical parameters that may be applied include: whether Arabic is widely spoken; whether Arabic is an official or national language; or whether an Arabic cognate language is widely spoken.
4807:
3439:
1728:
4158:
3592:
7231:
4513:
574:
530:
2624:
1484:
284:
2780:
4717:(called "Morocco Espanol"), along the otherwise Moroccan coast. Overall this wave has ebbed, though like the Arab expansion north it has left its mark. The proximity of North Africa to Europe has always encouraged interaction, and this continues with Arab immigration to Europe and European interest in the Arab countries today. However, population centers and the physical fact of the sea keeps this boundary of the Arab World settled on the Mediterranean coastline.
1083:
365:
8482:
7616:
1335:
435:
219:
4226:
2421:, film production was scarce until the late 1960s and early 1970s when filmmakers began to receive funding and financial assistance from state organizations. This was during the post-independence and is when most Arab cinema took root. Most films produced at that time were funded by the state and contained a nationalistic dimension. These films helped to advance certain social causes such as independence, and other social, economic and political agendas.
1426:
258:
2650:
1957:
2806:
2754:
585:
563:
2728:
1120:
378:
3375:
1612:
1054:
552:
323:
128:
1513:
1364:
1273:
1021:
391:
232:
193:
115:
4342:
1244:
1215:
180:
167:
596:
541:
508:
1550:
297:
1670:
1583:
1455:
1302:
1153:
349:
310:
271:
206:
141:
519:
1397:
245:
4280:
1992:
1182:
154:
4194:, comprising the states in the Persian Gulf, and the Union of the Arab Maghreb (UMA), made up of North African States. The GCC has achieved some success in financial and monetary terms, including plans to establish a common currency in the Persian Gulf region. Since its foundation in 1989, the UMA's most significant accomplishment has been the establishment of a 7,000 km highway crossing North Africa from
3702:
2832:
2275:
3184:
2676:
3663:: five Persian Gulf states, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, the UAE, Kuwait, and Qatar, are among the top ten petroleum or gas exporters worldwide. In Africa, Algeria (10th world) and Libya are important gas exporters. Bahrain, Egypt, Tunisia, and Sudan all have smaller but significant reserves. Where present, these have had significant effects on regional politics, often enabling
3667:, leading to economic disparities between oil-rich and oil-poor countries, and, particularly in the more sparsely populated states of the Persian Gulf and Libya, triggering extensive labor immigration. It is believed that the Arab world holds approximately 46% of the world's total proven oil reserves and a quarter of the world's natural-gas reserves.
3504:
Morocco. In 1979, Mauritania withdrew from the conflict after signing a peace treaty with the
Polisario. The war continued in low intensity throughout the 1980s, though Morocco made several attempts to take the upper hand in 1989–1991. A cease-fire agreement was finally reached between the Polisario Front and Morocco in September 1991.
3454:(also known as the First Gulf War and by various other names) was an armed conflict between the armed forces of Iraq and Iran, lasting from September 1980 to August 1988, making it the second longest conventional war of the 20th century. It was initially referred to in English as the "Gulf War" prior to the "Gulf War" of 1990.
4756:
Southeast along the coast from
Djibouti is Somalia, but the Somali coast soon makes a 90-degree turn and heads northeast, mirroring a bend in the coast of Yemen across the water to the north and defining the south coast of the Gulf of Aden. The Somali coast then takes a hairpin turn back southwest to
3480:
was a multifaceted civil war in
Lebanon, lasting from 1975 to 1990 and resulting in an estimated 120,000 fatalities. Another one million people (a quarter of the population) were wounded, and today approximately 76,000 people remain displaced within Lebanon. There was also a mass exodus of almost one
3457:
The war began when Iraq invaded Iran, launching a simultaneous invasion by air and land into
Iranian territory on 22 September 1980 following a long history of border disputes, and fears of Shia Islam insurgency among Iraq's long-suppressed Shia majority influenced by the Iranian Revolution. Iraq was
2474:
movies theaters. Apart from the history of Arab cinema, recently the portrayal of women became an important aspect in the production of Arab cinema. Arab women shaped a great portion of the film industry in the Arab world by employing their cinematic talents in improving the production of Arab films.
4121:
The borders, which if you look on the maps of the middle-east are very straight lines, were drawn by
British and French draftsmen who sat with maps and drew the lines of the frontiers with rulers. If the ruler for some reason or other moved on the map, because of some person's hand shaking, then the
3522:
was fought in North Yemen between royalists of the
Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen and factions of the Yemen Arab Republic from 1962 to 1970. The war began with a coup d'état carried out by the republican leader, Abdullah as-Sallal, which dethroned the newly crowned Imam al-Badr and declared Yemen a
2534:
Rapists are often treated leniently or acquitted in the Arab region if they marry their victims. 37% of Arab women experienced violence in their lifetime, but the numbers may be higher according to indicators. In some countries, the share of women experiencing violence and abuse by intimate partner
2442:
While
Egyptian and Lebanese cinema have a long history of production, most other Arab countries did not witness film production until after independence, and even today, the majority of film production in countries like Bahrain, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and the United Arab Emirates is limited to
4973:
Frishkopf: 61: "No universally accepted definition of 'the Arab world' exists, but it is generally assumed to include the twenty-two countries belonging to the Arab League that have a combined population of about 280 million (Seib 2005, 604). For the purposes of this introduction, this territorial
2255:
Overall, the gender disparity in adult literacy is high in this region, and of the illiteracy rate, women account for two-thirds, with only 69 literate women for every 100 literate men. The average GPI (Gender Parity Index) for adult literacy is 0.72, and gender disparity can be observed in Egypt,
3923:. With the exception of Lebanon, Tunisia, Iraq, Palestine, and recently Mauritania, democratic elections throughout the Arab World are generally viewed as compromised, due to outright vote rigging, intimidation of opposition parties, and severe restraints on civil liberties and political dissent.
2377:
since it includes films from various countries and cultures of the Arab world and therefore does not have one form, structure, or style. In its inception, Arab cinema was mostly an imitation of
Western cinema. However, it has and continues to constantly change and evolve. It mostly includes films
2473:
Arab cinema has explored many topics from politics, colonialism, tradition, modernity and social taboos. It has also attempted to escape from its earlier tendency to mimic and rely on
Western film devices. In fact, colonization did not only influence Arab films, but it also had an impact on Arab
4178:
The Arab states are mostly, although not exclusively, developing economies and derive their export revenues from oil and gas, or the sale of other raw materials. Recent years have seen significant economic growth in the Arab World, due largely to an increase in oil and gas prices, which tripled
3503:
While at first met with just minor resistance by the
Polisario, Morocco later engaged a long period of guerilla warfare with the Sahrawi nationalists. During the late 1970s, the Polisario Front, desiring to establish an independent state in the territory, successively fought both Mauritania and
3499:
was an armed struggle between the Sahrawi Polisario Front and Morocco between 1975 and 1991, being the most significant phase of the Western Sahara conflict. The conflict erupted after the withdrawal of Spain from the Spanish Sahara in accordance with the Madrid Accords, by which it transferred
3548:
Various factions began competing for influence in the power vacuum that followed, which precipitated an aborted UN peacekeeping attempt in the mid-1990s. A period of decentralization ensued, characterized by a return to customary and religious law in many areas as well as the establishment of
1712:
As an alternative to, or in combination with, the standard territorial definition, the Arab world may be defined as consisting of peoples and states united to at least some degree by Arabic language, culture or geographic contiguity, or those states or territories in which the majority of the
4752:
in Arabia but on average just 150 kilometers wide. Though the sea is navigable along its length, historically much contact between Arab Africa and Arab West Asia has been either overland across the Sinai or by sea across the Mediterranean or the narrow Bab al Mendeb strait. From northwest to
4030:
of Syria. The diverse Arab states generally maintained close ties but distinct national identities developed and strengthened with the social, historical and political realities of the past 60 years. This has made the idea of a pan-Arab nation-state increasingly less feasible and likely.
4674:, which has been a point of contact with Europe since its founding in the first millennium BCE; both Sicily and Malta at times have been part of the Arab World. Just across the Strait of Gibraltar from Morocco, regions of the Iberian peninsula were part of the Arab World throughout the
4634:
to the north. East along the coast from Morocco are Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya, followed by Egypt, which forms the region's, and the continent's, northeastern corner. The coast turns briefly but sharply south at Tunisia, slopes more gently southeastward through the Libyan capital of
3500:
administrative control of the territory to Morocco and Mauritania, but not the sovereignty. In 1975, Moroccan government organized the Green March of some 350,000 Moroccan citizens, escorted by around 20,000 troops, who entered Western Sahara, trying to establish Moroccan presence.
4179:
between 2001 and 2006, but also due to efforts by some states to diversify their economic base. Industrial production has risen, for example the amount of steel produced between 2004 and 2005 rose from 8.4 to 19 million tonnes. (Source: Opening speech of Mahmoud Khoudri,
4432:
1815:
all recognize Arabic as an official or working language, but none of them is a member-state of the Arab League, although both Chad and Eritrea are observer states of the League (with possible future membership) and have large populations of Arabic speakers.
4183:'s Industry Minister, at the 37th General Assembly of the Iron & Steel Arab Union, Algiers, May 2006). However even 19 million tons pa still only represents 1.7% of global steel production, and remains inferior to the production of countries like
4565:(excluding Cyprus and Israel), most of Mesopotamia (excluding parts of Turkey and Iran) and the Persian Gulf region. The peninsula is roughly a tilted rectangle that leans back against the slope of northeast Africa, the long axis pointing toward
4974:
definition is combined with a linguistic one (use of the Arabic language, or its recognition as critical to identity), and thereby extended into multiple diasporas, especially the Americas, Europe, Southeast Asia, West Africa, and Australia."
3462:, 1979) and attacked without formal warning, they made only limited progress into Iran and were quickly repelled by the Iranians who regained virtually all lost territory by June 1982. For the next six years, Iran was on the offensive.
4265:
The total GDP of all Arab countries in 1999 was US$ 531.2 billion. The total Arab world GDP was estimated to be worth at least $ 2.8 trillion in 2011. This is only smaller than the GDP of the US, China, Japan and Germany.
4445:
The term "Arab" often connotes the Arabian Peninsula, but the larger (and more populous) part of the Arab World is North Africa. Its eight million square kilometers include two of the largest countries of the African continent,
2251:
record a high adult literacy rate of over 95%. The average rate of adult literacy shows steady improvement, and the absolute number of adult illiterates fell from 64 million to around 58 million between 1990 and 2000–2004.
4147:
Without that imperial carve-up, Iraq would not be in the state it is in today...Gertrude Bell was one of two or three Britons who were instrumental in the creation of the Arab states in the Middle East that were favourable to
2358:
in 2002, 2003 and 2004. These reports, written by researchers from the Arab world, address some sensitive issues in the development of Arab countries: women empowerment, availability of education and information among others.
3568:
allies for control of the region. In 2011, a coordinated military operation between the Somali military and multinational forces began, which is believed to represent one of the final stages in the war's Islamist insurgency.
4480:
Every Arab country borders a sea or ocean, with the exception of the Arab region of northern Chad, which is completely landlocked. Iraq is actually nearly landlocked, as it has only a very narrow access to the Persian Gulf.
3852:
began to form a third force besides the classical dichotomy of Pan-Arabism vs. Pan-Islamism that had dominated the second half of the 20th century. These citizens wish for reform in their country's religious institutions.
4075:. The modern borders of Egypt, therefore, are not a creation of European powers, and are at least in part based on historically definable entities which are in turn based on certain cultural and ethnic identifications.
3825:
resulted in strained relations between many of the Arab states. After the war, a so-called "Damascus Declaration" formalized an alliance for future joint Arab defensive actions between Egypt, Syria, and the GCC states.
7442:
4611:(13–22°W). Nouakchott is the westernmost capital of the Arab World and the third-westernmost in Africa, and sits on the Atlantic fringe of the southwestern Sahara. Next south along the coast from Mauritania is
856:(Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria and Turkey), Egypt and the Maghreb (Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia and Western Sahara Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic) to be part of the Arab regions.
4134:
who drew the map between Iraq and Jordan, using transparent paper. She turned to talk to somebody and as she was turning the paper moved and the ruler moved and that added considerable territory to the (new)
3970:
was another strong force in the region which peaked during the mid-20th century and was professed by many leaders in Egypt, Algeria, Libya, Syria, and Iraq. Arab Nationalist leaders of this period included
789:
of $ 2.85 trillion, as of 2021. The region is nevertheless diverse in many ways, and economically includes some of the wealthiest as well as poorest populations. The region mostly corresponds with the
7591:
7317:
3829:
A chain of events leading to the destabilization of the authoritarian regimes established during the 1950s throughout the Arab world became apparent during the early years of the 21st century. The
7384:
7601:
7557:
7545:
7477:
7418:
7374:
7329:
5921:
Worldwide, they number 1 million or so, with about 45 to 50 percent in Syria, 35 to 40 percent in Lebanon, and less than 10 percent in Israel. Recently there has been a growing Druze diaspora.
7430:
7362:
4846:
4576:
Arab North Africa comprises the entire northern third of the continent. It is surrounded by water on three sides (west, north, and east) and desert or desert scrubland on the fourth (south).
7596:
7574:
3549:
autonomous regional governments in the northern part of the country. The early 2000s saw the creation of fledgling interim federal administrations, culminating in the establishment of the
2297:
2514:, although their disenfranchisement is a critical factor crippling the Arab nations' quest to return to the first rank of global leaders in commerce, learning and culture, according to a
7262:
3609:, paired with demands for more democratic rights. The two most violent and prolonged conflicts in the aftermath of the Arab Spring are the Libyan Civil War and Syrian Civil War.
4651:
to its north, Tunisia marks the junction of western and eastern Mediterranean, and a cultural transition as well: west of Egypt begins the region of the Arab World known as the
1749:, although Arabic is not as widely spoken there. As members of the Arab League, however, they are considered part of the Arab world under the standard territorial definition.
1771:
language family. Although Arabic is widely spoken by many people in the north and urban areas in the south, Somali is the most widely used language, and contains many Arabic
4509:, and also leaving non-Arab minorities in Arab countries. However, the basic geography of sea, desert and mountain provides the enduring natural boundaries for this region.
812:. The Arab League was formed in 1945 to represent the interests of Arab people and especially to pursue the political unification of the Arab countries; a project known as
7151:(31 January 2014). "A look at recent (2013) international survey data about Arab opinion", Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 17, No. 3 (Fall 2013), 57–74.
6558:
1923:
are used as lingua franca. Various indigenous languages are also spoken, which predate the spread of the Arabic language. This contrasts with the situation in the wider
3207:
The Arab League was formed in 1945 to represent the interests of the Arabs, and especially to pursue the political unification of the Arab world, a project known as
2336:
1790:, which is also an Afro-Asiatic language. The majority of the population speaks Somali and Afar, although Arabic is also widely used for trade and other activities.
5858:
4603:
make up the roughly 2,000 kilometers of Arab Atlantic coastline. The southwestern sweep of the coast is gentle but substantial, such that Mauritania's capital,
7533:
4662:
have invited contact and Arab exploration—mostly friendly, though sometimes not. Islands and peninsulas near the Arab coast have changed hands. The islands of
1801:
and French. Comorian is the most widely spoken language, with Arabic having a religious significance, and French being associated with the educational system.
1746:
4055:) have historically maintained geographically definable boundaries, on which some of the modern states are roughly based. The 14th-century Egyptian historian
987:
that aims, among other things, to consider in a general way the affairs and interests of the Arab countries and sets out the following definition of an Arab:
5694:
7255:
5840:
5467:
Tilmatine Mohand, Substrat et convergences: Le berbére et l'arabe nord-africain (1999), in Estudios de dialectologia norteaafricana y andalusi 4, pp 99–119
2132:
throughout Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and Jordan. There are also native Arab Christian communities in Algeria, Bahrain, Morocco, Kuwait and Tunisia.
1886:
995:
This standard territorial definition is sometimes seen to be inappropriate or problematic, and may be supplemented with certain additional elements (see
5774:
there is an estimated 20,000 to 100,000 evangelical Christians in Algeria, who practice their faith in mainly unregistered churches in the Kabyle region
8241:
4732:, and thus also between Arab Africa and Arab West Asia. This sea is a long and narrow waterway with a northwest tilt, stretching 2,300 kilometers from
942:. The majority of the vocabulary in these vernaculars is shared with Standard Arabic, but they also significantly borrow from other languages, such as
4831:
4772:
The east- and especially southeast-coast boundary of Arab Africa has historically been a gateway for maritime trade and cultural exchange with both
4035:. Arab nationalists who once opposed Islamic movements as a threat to their power, now deal with them differently for reasons of political reality.
7462:
7408:
7307:
4841:
886:
recognize Arabic as one of their official or working languages but are not included in the region because they are not members of the Arab League.
6536:
4222:
region, standing for "Middle East and North Africa", is becoming increasingly popular, especially with support from the current US administration.
7620:
7484:
7248:
2263:
than adults. Youth literacy rate (ages 15–24) in the Arab region increased from 63.9 to 76.3% from 1990 to 2002. The average rate of GCC States *
3404:
The Arab states in changing alliances were involved in a number of wars with Israel and its western allies between 1948 and 1973, including the
3215:
of 1958 to 1961. The Arab League's main goal is to unify politically the Arab populations so defined. Its permanent headquarters are located in
3458:
also aiming to replace Iran as the dominant Persian Gulf state. Although Iraq hoped to take advantage of the revolutionary chaos in Iran (see
8271:
7718:
7472:
7369:
7162:
6811:
7467:
7425:
7352:
6601:
Egypt's Bid for Arab Leadership: Implications for U.S. Policy, By Gregory L. Aftandilian, Published by Council on Foreign Relations, 1993,
3024:
991:
An Arab is a person whose language is Arabic, who lives in an Arab country, and who is in sympathy with the aspirations of the Arab people.
805:
4031:
Additionally, an upsurge in political Islam has since led to a greater emphasis on pan-Islamic rather than pan-Arab identity amongst some
7437:
7167:
The political algebra of global value change: General models and implications for the Muslim world, with Almas Heshmati and Hichem Karoui
3729:
3243:
6576:
3895:
8226:
7654:
6451:
5609:
6646:
6027:
5995:
5737:
5057:
3556:
In 2006, the TFG, assisted by Ethiopian troops, assumed control of most of the nation's southern conflict zones from the newly formed
8221:
8351:
8281:
8246:
6664:
3042:
2544:
494:
4776:
and the subcontinent. The trade winds help explain the presence of the Comoros islands, an Arab-African country, off the coast of
4615:, whose abrupt border belies the gradient in culture from Arab to indigenous African that historically characterizes this part of
3545:. It began in 1991, when a coalition of clan-based armed opposition groups ousted the nation's long-standing military government.
8211:
7212:
3966:. Historical divisions, competing local nationalisms, and geographical sprawl were major reasons for the failure of Pan-Arabism.
406:
5278:
4630:, the thirteen kilometer wide channel that connects the Mediterranean with the Atlantic to the west, and separates Morocco from
7723:
6912:
6364:
5757:
5729:
5197:
Jastrow, Otto O. (2006), "Iraq", in Versteegh, Kees; Eid, Mushira; Elgibali, Alaa; Woidich, Manfred; Zaborski, Andrzej (eds.),
4090:, usually chosen by the same imperial powers that for some drew the new borders, for services rendered to European powers like
2862:
2180:
848:(Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen). He also considered Iraq, alongside
7174:
7126:
7086:
7032:
6981:
6941:
6920:
6855:
6786:
6193:
5210:
5121:
5014:
3919:: Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. The other Arab countries are all
2428:
when other parts of the Arab world had only been able to sporadically produce feature-length films due to limited financing.
7849:
5936:
5845:
Converted Moroccans — most of them secret worshippers, of whom there are estimated to be anywhere between 5,000 and 40,000 —
4171:
As of 2006, the Arab world accounts for two-fifths of the gross domestic product and three-fifths of the trade of the wider
7889:
5319:
4826:
3200:
7114:
Language and change in the Arab Middle East: the evolution of modern political discourse Studies in Middle Eastern history
2495:
8261:
8206:
5786:
4851:
3860:
of 2000 to 2001 heralded the possibility of democratic change, but the Baathist regime managed to suppress the movement.
3693:
had been active in Egypt since 1928, their militant actions were limited to assassination attempts on political leaders.
6622:
4709:, controlled the east of the region for centuries, though not as a colonizer. Spain still maintains two small enclaves,
1931:
is used and Arabic is the primary liturgical language, but the tongue is not official at the state level or spoken as a
8201:
6396:
6291:
5041:
2228:
2199:
4753:
southeast, Egypt, Sudan, and Eritrea form the African coastline, with Djibouti marking Bab al Mendeb's African shore.
8343:
8266:
7141:
7065:
7003:
6963:
6887:
6733:
6606:
6499:
6465:
6153:
5914:
5889:
5866:
5821:
5427:
5086:
4685:
The northern boundary of the African Arab world has also fluttered briefly in the other direction, first through the
4389:
4323:
3081:
2323:
2164:
6344:
4371:
4305:
8511:
8131:
8123:
7787:
1008:
973:
735:
424:
2435:. Three quarters of all Arab movies are produced in Egypt. According to film critic and historian Roy Armes, the
5559:
3550:
7869:
8291:
8053:
7647:
7101:
6689:
4919:
4367:
4290:
4191:
3959:
3158:
3077:
3065:
1902:
712:
88:
7113:
3648:
deposits in the 1930s, coupled with the vastly increased demand for petroleum in the west as a result of the
3421:
3061:
2355:
2264:
7859:
7839:
7819:
4489:
The political borders of the Arab world have wandered, leaving Arab minorities in non-Arab countries of the
3165:, apart from brief intermittent Persian and Portuguese rule, has been self-governing since the 8th century.
2470:
are making wider and more frequent rounds than ever before in local film festivals and repertoire theaters.
8236:
8196:
8186:
7735:
5841:"'House-Churches' and Silent Masses —The Converted Christians of Morocco Are Praying in Secret – VICE News"
4985:
4240:
As of August 2009 it was reported that Saudi Arabia is the strongest Arab economy according to World Bank.
3864:
3745:
3649:
3073:
790:
7752:
7200:
4047:
imperial powers during the 19th and early 20th century. However, some of the larger states (in particular
2204:
8546:
8361:
8191:
8181:
7057:
7024:
5623:
4658:
Historically the 4,000-kilometer Mediterranean boundary has fluttered. Population centers north of it in
4554:
The Arab world straddles two continents, Africa and Asia. It is mainly oriented along an east–west axis.
4403:
4363:
3838:
3561:
3523:
republic under his presidency. The Imam escaped to the Saudi Arabian border and rallied popular support.
3254:
3147:
3104:
2870:(also called the Mosque of Uqba) was founded in 670 by the Arab general and conqueror Uqba ibn Nafi. The
2439:
is the only other in the Arabic-speaking region, beside Egypt's, that could amount to a national cinema.
2121:
6951:
The Middle East: Unity and diversity: Papers from the second Nordic conference on Middle Eastern studies
6948:
Kronholm, Tryggve (1993). "Arab culture: Reality or fiction?". In Palva, Heikki; Vikør, Knut S. (eds.).
6307:
Asfour, Nana (2000). "The Politics of Arab Cinema: Middle Eastern Filmmakers Face up to Their Reality".
4412:
and the part of North-East Africa and South-West Asia. The eastern part of the Arab world is called the
8332:
8325:
8256:
7935:
7697:
7118:
4246:
remains the top Arab economy in terms of total GDP. It is Asia's eleventh largest economy, followed by
4408:
The Arab World stretches across more than 13,000,000 square kilometres (5,000,000 sq mi) of
8516:
8485:
8286:
8176:
8073:
7762:
7740:
7640:
7217:
6879:
6216:
3405:
3394:
3369:
3353:
3224:
2891:
2160:
1388:
3725:
8551:
8541:
7794:
4947:
4933:
4352:
3900:
3286:
3151:
2987:
2305:
2301:
2285:
1045:
102:
3770:
as a "flawed democracy" and all other Arab states as "authoritarian regimes". Similarly, the 2011
3617:
2053:, Ismailite pockets are also found in the eastern Al-Hasa region and the southern city of Najran.
8521:
8447:
8366:
8151:
7400:
4356:
4301:
3490:
2937:
2507:
2490:
2260:
1882:
1820:
6491:
Ancient Levantine Arabic: A Reconstruction Based on the Earliest Sources and the Modern Dialects
3211:. There were some short-lived attempts at such unification in the mid-20th century, notably the
1786:. It also has several formally recognized national languages; besides Somali, many people speak
742:, an international organization, which on top of the 19 plurality Arab states also includes the
7874:
7413:
7290:
7226:
Information and resources relating to energy, environment, and sustainability in the Arab world
6803:
6642:
5145:
4095:
3605:
of late 2010 to the present have been directed against authoritarian leadership and associated
3595:
3034:
2923:
2167:
between 1948 and 1972. Today small Jewish communities remain, ranging anywhere from just 10 in
1908:
1742:
905:
797:
786:
6580:
8531:
8432:
8166:
8161:
8038:
8018:
7829:
7799:
7581:
5702:
5031:
5004:
4106:. Another influential document written without the consensus of the local population was the
4103:
3984:
3830:
3718:
3519:
3513:
2410:. Egypt is a pioneer in the field, but each country in the region has its own unique cinema.
1768:
984:
6421:
5606:
4761:
winds blow from up equatorial Somalia, past Arabia and over the small Yemeni archipelago of
3644:, the economic and geopolitical situation changed dramatically after the discovery of large
2446:
There is increased interest in films originating in the Arab world. For example, films from
8526:
8467:
8437:
8397:
8392:
8296:
8171:
8008:
6839:
Influences of culture on the styles of business behaviour between Western and Arab managers
6778:
6020:
5988:
4876:
4234:
4140:
4000:
3963:
3606:
3557:
3212:
3136:
3100:
2846:
2256:
Morocco, and Yemen. Above all, the GPI of Yemen is only 0.46 in a 53% adult literacy rate.
1646:
606:
341:
3230:
Pan-Arabism has mostly been abandoned as an ideology since the 1980s, and was replaced by
2477:
The production of Arab cinema has declined in the last decades and many filmmakers in the
972:
Although no globally accepted definition of the Arab world exists, all countries that are
8:
8506:
8457:
7814:
7747:
7240:
6768:
6429:
5645:
4627:
4107:
3844:
A growing class of young, educated, secular citizens with access to modern media such as
3783:
3309:
3174:
3096:
3053:
2940:
was conquered in 639, and gradually Arabized during the medieval period. A distinctively
2922:) and northern Arabia. Their expansion beyond Arabia and the Syrian desert is due to the
2459:
2112:
enclaves exist in the Nile Valley, Levant and northern Iraq respectively. There are also
1928:
1920:
1731:
909:
6671:
1974:
Please help update this section to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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7280:
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7074:
6324:
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5672:
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5618:
4592:
4536:
4462:, the largest state in the United States. The largest country in the Arab West Asia is
4091:
4019:
3972:
3822:
3763:
3690:
3632:
While the Arab world had been of limited interest to the European colonial powers, the
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3298:
3188:
3116:
3030:
2236:
2184:
2109:
2089:
1889:. Additionally, Malta, though not part of the Arab world, has as its official language
1846:
1838:
1431:
263:
35:
8078:
4218:. In recent years a new term has been coined to define a greater economic region: the
1969:
8422:
8113:
8048:
7963:
7943:
7336:
7170:
7152:
7137:
7122:
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7028:
6999:
6977:
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6916:
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as music and media in the Arab world: A metadiscourse". In Frishkopf, Michael (ed.).
6883:
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2014:
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845:
763:
7016:
Instant nationalism: McArabism, al-Jazeera and transnational media in the Arab world
5761:
5260:
Simeone-Sinelle, Marie-Claude (2005). "Arabic Lingua Franca in the Horn of Africa".
4454:(1.9 million km) in the southeast. Algeria is about three-quarters the size of
4297:
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joined a multinational coalition that opposed Iraq. Displays of support for Iraq by
2597:
2293:
731:
8356:
8063:
8028:
7998:
7993:
7968:
7777:
7663:
7494:
7454:
7136:. Rev., with a new preface. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press. x, 406 p.
7020:
6875:
6342:
Gender equality in Arab world critical for progress and prosperity, UN report warns
6245:
6141:
6107:
6072:
5202:
4230:
4206:. The central stretch of the highway, expected to be completed in 2010, will cross
3967:
3741:
3586:
3582:
3538:
3532:
3446:(1980–1988) killed more than 500,000 people before a UN-brokered ceasefire ended it
3196:
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3112:
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3013:
3005:
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1842:
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951:
943:
867:
801:
475:
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The southern boundary of Arab North Africa is the strip of scrubland known as the
3887:
For the states and territories constituting the Arab world, see definition above.
3308:
since 1893 following the disintegration of the Second Saudi State and the rise of
8407:
8376:
8371:
8216:
8156:
8103:
8033:
8013:
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7879:
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6183:
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5933:
5613:
4737:
4027:
4008:
4004:
3976:
3876:
3857:
3750:
3313:
3192:
3128:
3052:, much of the Arab world came to be controlled by the European colonial empires:
2941:
2526:
According to the United Nations, 14% of Arab girls are married by the age of 18.
2511:
2463:
2129:
2113:
2105:
1783:
1756:
1738:
1707:
1679:
1650:
1621:
1592:
1559:
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1522:
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1435:
1406:
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1344:
1311:
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1253:
1224:
1191:
1162:
1144:
1129:
1111:
1092:
1063:
1030:
947:
863:
837:
688:
627:
6897:
Frishkopf, Michael (2010). "Introduction: Music and media in the Arab world and
4806:
4682:
and leaving a substantial mark on local and wider European and Western culture.
3088:, a British protectorate formed by the sheikhdoms on the former "Pirate Coast".
1968:. The reason given is: Relating to the Arab world survey conducted by the BBC. (
8412:
8251:
8146:
8141:
8108:
8098:
8088:
8058:
7983:
7973:
7854:
7782:
7677:
7106:
6929:
6751:
6519:
5333:
4897:
4694:
4636:
4588:
4580:
4494:
4099:
4023:
3988:
3872:
3706:
3633:
3417:
3383:
3085:
3057:
2994:
2934:(modern Syria, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Lebanon ) between 636 and 640 CE.
2871:
2867:
2515:
2351:
2224:
809:
800:, the Arab world was synonymous with the historic Arab empires and caliphates.
755:
6076:
5790:
3934:
sought to unite all Arabic-speaking countries into one political entity. Only
2013:
law exists partially in the legal system in some countries (especially in the
8500:
8417:
8043:
8023:
7958:
7910:
7824:
7512:
6995:
6764:
6619:
6320:
6257:
6119:
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5955:
Harper and Yuow, 1970, quote on page 38. The brackets are displayed by Lewis.
5738:"Majority and Minorities in the Arab World: The Lack of a Unifying Narrative"
5437:
5290:
5131:
5058:"Majority and Minorities in the Arab World: The Lack of a Unifying Narrative"
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4072:
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4012:
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3591:
3329:
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in the 13th century. Egypt, the Levant and Hejaz also came under the Turkish
2967:
2919:
2144:
2101:
1924:
1830:
1787:
1714:
871:
720:
6389:
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19:
This article is about geographical region. For the geopolitical entity, see
8452:
8093:
7953:
7948:
7804:
7730:
7682:
7552:
7357:
7324:
6865:
6774:
6286:(New rev. ed.). Cairo, Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press.
5725:
4856:
4812:
4785:
4463:
4409:
4255:
4243:
4172:
4087:
4032:
3980:
3927:
3814:
3674:
3660:
3656:
3305:
3282:
3231:
3143:
3092:
2414:
2208:
2097:
2065:
2050:
1489:
901:
767:
684:
573:
529:
289:
7230:
6737:
5111:
2962:
The culture of Sudan today depends on the tribe, some have a pure Nubian,
2623:
463:
8068:
7925:
7772:
7767:
7713:
7692:
7586:
7569:
6843:
6341:
6145:
5076:
5030:
Mellor, Noha; Rinnawi, Khalil; Dajani, Nabil; Ayish, Muhammad I. (2013).
4836:
4773:
4675:
4622:
Arab Africa's boundary to the north is again a continental boundary, the
4616:
3931:
3625:
3602:
3578:
3413:
3409:
3320:, the Al Saud dynasty's former capital. He went on to subdue the rest of
3257:
was a 30-year-long military and political campaign, by which the various
3208:
3049:
2963:
2887:
2857:
2779:
2741:
2550:
2481:
gathered to hold a meeting and discuss the current state of Arab cinema.
2478:
2418:
2374:
2368:
2022:
1995:
1745:
is official in all of them. Several states have declared Arabic to be an
977:
967:
896:
813:
785:, the Arab world has a total population of 456 million inhabitants and a
759:
739:
695:, there are also significant populations of other ethnic groups such as
453:
20:
6328:
2951:
was also conquered in the 7th century, and gradually Arabized under the
1720:
When an ancillary linguistic definition is used in combination with the
8003:
7915:
7844:
7564:
7299:
6955:
6265:
5964:
5760:. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. 30 June 2015. Archived from
5175:
4781:
4777:
4644:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4469:
At the other extreme, the smallest autonomous mainland Arab country is
4225:
4195:
4056:
3912:
3779:
3637:
3379:
2915:
2903:
2767:
2715:
2034:
2018:
1932:
1760:
1340:
829:
782:
589:
545:
467:
440:
224:
5170:
4847:
List of countries and territories where Arabic is an official language
2805:
2753:
2649:
2231:. In Mauritania the rate is lower than the average, at less than 50%.
2135:
Smaller ethno-religious minorities across the Arab League include the
2092:. Small native Christian communities can be found also throughout the
7687:
7540:
7502:
7312:
5828:. In all an estimated 40,000 Moroccans have converted to Christianity
5417:
4517:
4254:, which were the second and third largest economies in Africa, after
4157:
3678:
3645:
3621:
3262:
2907:
2727:
2212:
2152:
2117:
1916:
1862:
1823:
may concurrently be considered a constituent part of the Arab world.
1772:
770:
in the southeast. The eastern part of the Arab world is known as the
7156:
6697:
6249:
4341:
4308:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
3689:
became a problem in the Arab world in the 1970s to 1980s. While the
8427:
8136:
7632:
7190:
7049:
6489:
5859:"'Christians Enjoy Religious Freedom': Church-State ties excellent"
4745:
4686:
4679:
4678:, extending the northern boundary at times to the foothills of the
4671:
4640:
4526:
3920:
3916:
3849:
3834:
3802:
3670:
2952:
2911:
2875:
2663:
2304:
external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
1779:
1125:
853:
747:
383:
7042:
Sullivan, Earl L.; Ismael, Jacqueline S., eds. (1991). "Preface".
4643:, before turning straight east again through Egypt's second city,
7081:. Abu Dhabi: Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research.
7053:
6847:
4762:
4758:
4721:
4714:
4652:
4612:
4608:
4584:
4474:
4470:
4447:
4437:
4420:
4414:
4251:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4180:
4068:
4059:, for instance, defines Egypt's boundaries as extending from the
3951:
3795:
3787:
3775:
3767:
3755:
3714:
3682:
3542:
3374:
3266:
3132:
3120:
3091:
These Arab states only gained their independence during or after
2998:
2948:
2879:
2611:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2383:
2344:
2340:
2232:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2136:
2125:
2077:
2038:
2030:
2010:
1999:
1991:
1919:), serves as an official language in the Arab League states, and
1858:
1808:
1794:
1752:
1617:
1518:
1369:
1278:
1088:
1059:
1026:
939:
925:
879:
775:
771:
751:
743:
708:
704:
696:
584:
567:
562:
523:
480:
396:
370:
328:
237:
198:
133:
120:
83:
6063:
Ghareeb, Shirin (September 1997). "An overview of Arab cinema".
5006:
Everyday Arab Identity: The Daily Reproduction of the Arab World
726:
The Arab world is at its minimum defined as the 19 states where
691:. While the majority of people in the Arab world are ethnically
4725:
4706:
4690:
4663:
4659:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4502:
4498:
4459:
4184:
4117:, Efraim Halevy, now a director at the Hebrew University said,
4114:
4083:
4044:
3904:
3818:
3791:
3701:
3565:
3564:, which have since been fighting the Somali government and its
3390:
3349:
3317:
3002:
2931:
2918:, and numerous other groups were prevalent in southern Levant (
2895:
2831:
2793:
2637:
2395:
2248:
2240:
2220:
2140:
2085:
2046:
1940:
1878:
1874:
1812:
1249:
1220:
914:
883:
716:
578:
551:
534:
185:
172:
4130:
There was a famous story about a British consul, a lady named
3023:
arose in the second half of the 19th century along with other
804:
arose in the second half of the 19th century along with other
16:
Geographical and cultural region in Africa and the Middle East
8231:
6908:
4792:
4766:
4749:
4733:
4710:
4702:
4698:
4667:
4648:
4631:
4490:
4455:
4451:
4259:
4247:
4203:
4199:
4165:
4161:
4086:
were placed as semi-autonomous rulers over the newly created
4064:
4052:
4048:
3955:
3947:
3943:
3935:
3915:
are represented in the Arab World: Some of the countries are
3810:
3806:
3733:
3357:
3356:
from 1927 until it was further consolidated with Al-Hasa and
3345:
3341:
3337:
3258:
3220:
3216:
2956:
2819:
2689:
2585:
2500:
2432:
2425:
2387:
2379:
2244:
2148:
2073:
2069:
2054:
2042:
2006:
1936:
1866:
1834:
1819:
Israel is not a part of the Arab world. By some definitions,
1675:
1588:
1555:
1460:
1307:
1158:
894:
The linguistic and political denotation inherent in the term
859:
700:
692:
611:
600:
595:
556:
540:
512:
507:
484:
354:
315:
302:
276:
211:
146:
6711:
6457:, éd. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006, p. 248
6455:
Tracing the Way: Spiritual Dimensions of the World Religions
4920:"Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | Data"
4757:
complete the horn of Africa. For six months of the year the
3560:(ICU). The ICU splintered into more radical groups, notably
3352:) between 1913 and 1926. The resultant polity was named the
3289:, this process created what is sometimes referred to as the
3146:
had fragmented with the fall of the Ottoman Empire, and was
980:
are generally acknowledged as being part of the Arab world.
4821:
4729:
4670:
lie just a hundred kilometers east of the Tunisian city of
4655:
include (Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco and Mauritania).
4506:
4219:
4079:
4043:
Many of the modern borders of the Arab World were drawn by
3939:
3798:
as "partly free", and all other Arab states as "not free".
3759:
3333:
3321:
3223:
during the 1980s, after Egypt was expelled for signing the
3162:
2927:
2675:
2391:
2156:
2081:
2058:
2026:
1927:, where, in contiguous Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan, the
1854:
1826:
1804:
1402:
1187:
1012:
875:
727:
518:
250:
159:
7270:
7223:
5882:
Religion and Contemporary Politics: A Global Encyclopedia
5320:
Georgetown University-Center for Contemporary Arab Studies
4473:(10,452 km), and the smallest island Arab country is
4418:. Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya and Mauritania are the
4190:
The main economic organisations in the Arab World are the
3801:
The invasion of Kuwait by Iraq forces, led to the 1990–91
2155:(in Iraq). Formerly, there were significant minorities of
2009:, and the religion has official status in most countries.
683:, comprises a large group of countries, mainly located in
7206:
5081:. Philip K. Hitti. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing.
4607:(18°N, 16°W), is far enough west to share longitude with
4431:
2337:
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)
2265:
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)
1893:. The language is grammatically akin to Maghrebi Arabic.
1850:
6804:"Poking at the Beast: How much is the Arab world worth?"
6514:
Bechtold, Peter R (1991). "More Turbulence in Sudan" in
5029:
3016:
also held sway in the southern part of the Horn region.
2966:, or Arabic culture and some have a mixture of Arab and
734:
of the population. At its maximum it consists of the 22
5595:
Africa contemporary record: annual survey and documents
5116:(First paperback ed.). New York, NY: Basic Books.
5033:
Arab Media: Globalization and Emerging Media Industries
3234:
on one hand, and individual nationalisms on the other.
3161:
also seceded directly from the Ottoman Empire in 1918.
7149:
A Look at International Survey Data About Arab Opinion
6643:"Arab Nationalism: Mistaken Identity by Martin Kramer"
6098:
Elgamal, Amal (3 April 2014). "Cinema and its image".
4450:(2.4 million km) in the center of the region and
4113:
As former director of the Israeli intelligence agency
2549:
Table of largest cities in the Arab world by official
6537:"E. African Nations Back Kenyan Offensive in Somalia"
2484:
6954:. Nordic proceedings in Asian studies. Vol. 5.
4948:"GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$ ) | Data"
4802:
4647:, at the mouth of the Nile. Along with the spine of
1713:
population speaks Arabic, and thus may also include
1687:
1658:
1629:
1600:
1567:
1530:
1501:
1472:
1443:
1414:
1381:
1352:
1319:
1290:
1261:
1232:
1199:
1170:
1137:
1100:
1071:
1038:
669:
652:
635:
7169:(1st ed.). Nova Science Publishers, New York.
6871:
War of visions: Conflict of identities in the Sudan
6670:. Los Angeles World Affairs Council. Archived from
4626:. This boundary begins in the west with the narrow
4018:Later and current Arab Nationalist leaders include
2005:The majority of people in the Arab world adhere to
1970:
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-48703377
1887:
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
1002:
8242:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
6734:"World Bank: Saudi Arabia, strongest Arab economy"
6162:
5907:Middle East Patterns: Places, People, and Politics
3285:was proclaimed. Carried out under the charismatic
2151:(mainly in Syria and also in Lebanon, Jordan) and
4832:Arabic language influence on the Spanish language
3659:is particularly well-endowed with this strategic
3048:When the Ottoman Empire collapsed as a result of
2288:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines
2061:, where Ibadis constitute around 75% of Muslims.
1939:constitute around one quarter of the 1.5 billion
8498:
6284:Arab cinema : history and cultural identity
6240:Hennebelle, Guy (November 1976). "Arab Cinema".
6170:Arab Filmmakers of the Middle East: a Dictionary
5965:Global Education Monitoring Report Team (2015).
5597:, Volume 13, (Africana Pub. Co.: 1985), p.B-116.
5385:
5383:
5356:
5354:
4842:International Association of Arabic Dialectology
4795:that crosses the continent south of the Sahara.
4579:In the west, it is bounded by the shores of the
4262:is the richest developing country in the world.
3875:and to establish democratic reforms and greater
3025:nationalisms within the declining Ottoman Empire
2424:A sustained film industry was able to emerge in
6579:. Freedomhouse.org. 10 May 2004. Archived from
5584:, (Center for Applied Linguistics: 1993), p.15.
5419:The best divisions for knowledge of the regions
5262:Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics
5199:Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics
4639:, and bumps north through Libya's second city,
2021:. The majority of the Arab countries adhere to
7041:
5816:. University of Cambridge Press. p. 253.
5150:World101 from the Council on Foreign Relations
4689:and later through the imperial involvement of
4497:as well as in the Middle Eastern countries of
3962:considered the short-lived unification of the
3740:Today, Arab states are characterized by their
3248:
1767:. Both Arabic and Somali belong to the larger
1741:are spoken in a number of Arab League states,
46:13,132,327 km (5,070,420 sq mi)
8272:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
7719:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
7648:
7256:
6991:Nasserist ideology: its exponents and critics
5969:(Report). UNESCO. ED/EFA/MRT/2015/RO/02 REV 2
5814:Al-Maghred, the Barbary Lion: A Look at Islam
5380:
5351:
4769:. They then switch directions and blow back.
3281:, between 1902 and 1932, when the modern-day
2959:from Egypt during the 8th to 11th centuries.
2068:adherents in the Arab world, particularly in
874:), is not included in the region. Similarly,
7134:Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798–1939
6658:
6656:
6530:
6528:
5552:"Somaliland Republic : Country Profile"
5415:
4458:, or about one-and-a-half times the size of
3301:states that existed under the Al Saud clan.
2997:controlled most of the Arab world. However,
2973:
933:
919:
663:
646:
5717:
5519:
5517:
5493:: a handbook, (Greenwood Press: 2007), p.1.
5279:"Why the Arab world has an identity crisis"
4969:
4967:
4965:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4788:, the southernmost part of the Arab World.
4370:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3244:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
3168:
826:Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions
7655:
7641:
7263:
7249:
6801:
6239:
6185:Arab Cinema: History and Cultural Identity
5779:
5695:"How Many Muslims Are There in the World?"
5665:
5580:Diana Briton Putman, Mohamood Cabdi Noor,
4892:
4890:
3603:popular protests throughout the Arab world
3484:
3360:into the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932.
1391:is the second official language (minority)
1209:is the second official language (minority)
1048:is the second official language (minority)
34:
7203:— Directories of all Arab world countries
6896:
6653:
6525:
6487:
6065:Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies
5758:"Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada"
5416:al-Muqaddasī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (2001).
5309:
5307:
4557:The West Asian Arab region comprises the
4390:Learn how and when to remove this message
4324:Learn how and when to remove this message
4071:in the east and the oases of the Western/
3882:
2431:Arabic cinema is dominated by films from
2324:Learn how and when to remove this message
1721:
996:
8352:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic
8282:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
8247:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)
7045:The contemporary study of the Arab world
6947:
6534:
5514:
5470:
5391:"Arab League Warns of Civil War in Iraq"
5002:
4954:
4705:. Another visitor from northern shores,
4511:
4484:
4430:
4224:
4156:
3894:
3724:
3700:
3616:
3590:
3541:is an ongoing civil war taking place in
3507:
3437:
3373:
3363:
3182:
3029:
2861:
2545:List of largest cities in the Arab world
2494:
2203:
2159:throughout the Arab World. However, the
1990:
1726:
8227:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)
8212:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
7102:Imperialism and Class in the Arab World
7012:
6835:
6618:Boms, Nir Tuvia and Hussein Aboubakr.
6097:
6062:
5673:"Hassaniyya – A language of Mauritania"
5196:
4887:
4258:, in 2006. In terms of GDP per capita,
3848:(since 1996) and communicating via the
3677:were on the rise during the 1980s. The
3219:. However, it was moved temporarily to
1829:has about 1.5 million Arabic speakers.
1782:has two official languages, Arabic and
1755:has two official languages, Arabic and
1701:
961:
924:"everyday/colloquial language") in the
8499:
8222:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)
7271:Geographical distribution of languages
7161:
6987:
6913:The American University in Cairo Press
6662:
6306:
6281:
6277:
6275:
6181:
5856:
5811:
5724:
5582:The Somalis: their history and culture
5362:"Arab League Sends Delegation to Iraq"
5313:
5304:
4986:"The Arab World – an Arab perspective"
3890:
3191:(center) receiving Algerian president
2944:language emerged by the 16th century.
2902:. Arab tribes and federations such as
2188:practices of slavery in the Arab world
1797:has three official languages: Arabic,
7636:
7244:
6974:Africa: A Biography of the Continent.
6958:: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies.
6763:
6687:
6649:from the original on 25 October 2009.
6359:
6357:
6235:
6233:
6135:
6131:
6129:
6058:
6056:
6054:
6052:
6050:
6048:
5926:
5699:About.com Religion & Spirituality
5587:
5109:
5074:
3465:
1503:al-Mamlakah al-‘Arabīyah as-Sa‘ūdīyah
7662:
6864:
6665:"Winds of Change in the Middle East"
6449:
5904:
5879:
4827:List of Arab countries by population
4368:adding citations to reliable sources
4335:
4273:
4233:is one of the seven emirates of the
4038:
2268:
1950:
1660:al-Imārāt al-‘Arabīyah al-Muttaḥidah
8262:National Liberation Front (Algeria)
7079:French Policy toward the Arab World
6535:Heinlein, Peter (22 October 2011).
6272:
5850:
5742:Jerusalem Center For Public Affairs
5600:
5452:Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic
5318:. Washington, D.C., United States:
5062:Jerusalem Center For Public Affairs
4852:List of Muslim states and dynasties
4152:
3526:
3316:clan. In 1902, Ibn Saud recaptured
3237:
3012:in the 16th to 17th centuries. The
2874:is located in the historic city of
2227:(ages 15 and older) in this region
1683:
1654:
1625:
1596:
1563:
1526:
1497:
1468:
1439:
1410:
1377:
1348:
1315:
1286:
1257:
1228:
1195:
1166:
1133:
1096:
1067:
1034:
934:
920:
841:
664:
647:
631:
13:
8202:Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)
7724:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
7093:
6516:Sudan: State and Society in Crisis
6402:from the original on 30 March 2004
6354:
6300:
6230:
6175:
6126:
6045:
5730:"Arab Christians: An Introduction"
5146:"Middle East – People and Society"
2521:
2485:Gender equality and women's rights
2373:There is no single description of
2259:Literacy rate is higher among the
2200:Higher Education in the Arab World
2017:), while others are legislatively
14:
8563:
8267:Palestine Liberation Organization
7184:
6904:Music and media in the Arab world
6899:Music and media in the Arab world
5732:. Arabic Bible Outreach Ministry.
5562:from the original on 2 March 2001
3696:
3399:unresolved geopolitical conflicts
3304:The Al-Saud had been in exile in
3082:Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
2538:
908:is used by the government. Local
8481:
8480:
8207:Arabian Peninsula People's Union
7890:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
7615:
7614:
7229:
6936:Cambridge, Mass.: Warner Books.
6814:from the original on 11 May 2011
6712:"World Steel Association – Home"
6688:Royle, Trevor (3 January 2016).
6663:Halevy, Efraim (16 April 2015).
6188:. American Univ in Cairo Press.
6033:from the original on 5 June 2007
6021:"Regional overview: Arab States"
6001:from the original on 5 June 2007
5989:"Regional overview: Arab States"
5078:The Arabs : a short history
4983:
4805:
4340:
4278:
4102:released the full text, was the
3427:
2851:
2830:
2804:
2778:
2752:
2726:
2700:
2674:
2648:
2622:
2596:
2362:
2273:
1955:
1715:populations of the Arab diaspora
1668:
1639:
1610:
1581:
1548:
1511:
1482:
1453:
1424:
1395:
1362:
1333:
1300:
1271:
1242:
1213:
1180:
1151:
1118:
1114:are the other official languages
1081:
1052:
1019:
1009:Member states of the Arab League
1003:Member states of the Arab League
904:considerations. In Arab states,
754:. The region stretches from the
605:
594:
583:
572:
561:
550:
539:
528:
517:
506:
433:
425:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
417:
389:
376:
363:
347:
334:
321:
308:
295:
282:
269:
256:
243:
230:
217:
204:
191:
178:
165:
152:
139:
126:
113:
7850:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état
6802:El-Shenawi, Eman (5 May 2011).
6795:
6757:
6754:, GDP by country classification
6744:
6726:
6704:
6681:
6635:
6612:
6595:
6569:
6551:
6508:
6481:
6443:
6414:
6390:"Demographia World Urban Areas"
6382:
6335:
6209:
6091:
6013:
5981:
5958:
5945:
5898:
5873:
5833:
5805:
5750:
5687:
5638:
5629:
5574:
5544:
5535:
5526:
5505:
5496:
5483:
5461:
5444:
5409:
5326:
5271:
5254:
5242:
5230:
5218:
5190:
5163:
5138:
5103:
5068:
5050:
4583:. From northeast to southwest,
4126:He went on to give an example,
4122:frontier moved (with the hand).
3636:being mostly interested in the
3551:Transitional Federal Government
3382:on October 7, 1973, during the
3378:Egyptian vehicles crossing the
3293:, to differentiate it from the
3001:remained under the rule of the
2049:have large Shia minorities. In
1896:
1837:, a southwestern region in the
1722:standard territorial definition
1577:is the second official language
997:ancillary linguistic definition
844:) to refer to the lands of the
828:, 10th century Arab geographer
8292:Union of Arab Republics (1972)
8054:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz
6934:A History of the Arab Peoples.
6577:"Freedom House Country Report"
6351:, E-joussour (21 October 2008)
5967:Regional overview: Arab States
5023:
5003:Phillips, Christopher (2012).
4996:
4977:
4940:
4926:
4912:
4869:
4192:Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
4067:in the south; and between the
3681:, a militant Islamic party in
3572:
3393:in 1948 has given rise to the
3203:in Alexandria, September 1964.
3159:Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
3066:French protectorate of Morocco
2926:of the 7th and 8th centuries.
1903:Demographics of the Arab world
1763:has three, Arabic, Somali and
1540:is the first official language
1147:is the other official language
819:
774:, and the western part as the
1:
6559:"The haves and the have-nots"
6450:Küng, Hans (31 August 2006).
5456:Dictionary of Moroccan Arabic
5454:(2011); Harrell, Richard S.:
4863:
4724:defines the boundary between
3871:, was launched to oppose the
3481:million people from Lebanon.
3062:British protectorate of Egypt
3008:, which was succeeded by the
2356:Arab human development report
1747:official or national language
889:
870:derives from Arabic (through
8237:Federation of Arab Republics
8197:Arab Socialist Union (Libya)
8187:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)
7788:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
7736:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
7237:travel guide from Wikivoyage
6140:. Indiana University Press.
6112:10.1080/17550912.2014.918320
5338:Council on Foreign Relations
4269:
3865:Egyptian Movement for Change
3730:Saudi Arabian-led airstrikes
3650:Second Industrial Revolution
3612:
3195:(right) and Iraqi president
2890:historically originate as a
2499:A women's rights protest in
2193:
1865:, the Arabic dialect of the
791:Middle East and North Africa
7:
8362:Flag of the Arab Federation
8192:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)
8182:Arab Socialist Action Party
7058:University of Alberta Press
7025:University Press of America
6136:Armes, Roy (8 March 2018).
5624:Central Intelligence Agency
5480:, (GRIN Verlag: 2009), p.2.
4934:"GDP (current US$ ) | Data"
4877:"Arab World – Surface area"
4798:
4545: Expansion during the
4535: Expansion during the
4404:Geography of the Arab world
4304:the claims made and adding
3839:execution of Saddam Hussein
3833:led to the collapse of the
3717:shortly after the American
3255:unification of Saudi Arabia
3249:Unification of Saudi Arabia
3105:Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
2529:
2518:-sponsored report in 2008.
2443:television or short films.
2181:slavery in the Muslim world
1946:
1688:
1659:
1630:
1601:
1568:
1531:
1502:
1473:
1444:
1415:
1382:
1353:
1320:
1291:
1262:
1233:
1200:
1171:
1138:
1101:
1072:
1039:
900:is generally dominant over
723:throughout the Arab world.
670:
653:
636:
10:
8568:
8333:On the Way of Resurrection
8326:The Battle for One Destiny
8257:Lebanese National Movement
7698:Third International Theory
7213:Arab countries information
7119:Oxford University Press US
6829:
6632:. 2022. 20 January 2022.
6226:– via Find Articles.
6138:Roots of the New Arab Film
5909:. Routledge. p. 109.
5489:Dwight Fletcher Reynolds,
4401:
3831:2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq
3746:lack of democratic control
3576:
3530:
3511:
3488:
3469:
3431:
3367:
3241:
3172:
2855:
2844:
2840:
2542:
2488:
2366:
2197:
2037:majority countries, while
1900:
1849:provinces and the city of
1705:
1655:الإمارات العربيّة المتّحدة
1006:
965:
938:"common language") in the
852:(Iraq, Syria and Turkey),
762:in the east, and from the
665:اَلْأُمَّةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ
495:Major cities of Arab world
18:
8476:
8385:
8342:
8310:
8287:Unified Political Command
8177:Arab Nationalist Movement
8122:
8074:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi
7934:
7903:
7870:1969 Sudanese coup d'état
7741:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
7706:
7670:
7610:
7521:
7493:
7453:
7399:
7345:
7298:
7289:
7276:
6880:The Brookings Institution
6488:al-Jallad, Ahmad (2012).
6217:"FindArticles.com | CBSi"
6100:Contemporary Arab Affairs
6077:10.1080/10669929708720114
5905:Held, Colbert C. (2008).
5884:. ABC-CLIO. p. 200.
5880:Shaw, Jeffrey M. (2019).
5612:27 September 2021 at the
5478:The League of Arab States
5110:Rogan, Eugene L. (2011).
5075:Hitti, Philip K. (1996).
5036:. John Wiley & Sons.
5009:. Routledge. p. 94.
3907:, Saudi Arabia, July 2022
3422:Egypt–Israel peace treaty
3389:The establishment of the
3354:Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz
3225:Camp David Accords (1978)
2974:Ottoman and colonial rule
2339:was 94%, followed by the
2215:lining up for class, 2009
1964:This article needs to be
490:
473:
459:
449:
94:
82:
74:
66:
58:
50:
42:
33:
7795:1952 Egyptian revolution
7132:Hourani, Albert (1983).
7013:Rinnawi, Khalil (2006).
6836:Baumann, Andrea (2006).
6625:16 November 2022 at the
6347:6 September 2015 at the
5953:Race and Color in Islam,
3169:Rise of Arab nationalism
3152:Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia
2872:Great Mosque of Kairouan
2868:Great Mosque of Kairouan
2171:, to more than 1,000 in
1498:المملكة العربية السعودية
632:اَلْعَالَمُ الْعَرَبِيُّ
8512:Country classifications
8448:Palestinian nationalism
8367:Flag of the Arab Revolt
7860:1966 Syrian coup d'état
7840:1963 Syrian coup d'état
7820:1961 Syrian coup d'état
7401:Germanic-speaking world
6988:Rejwan, Nissim (1974).
5541:Sullivan and Ismael: ix
4139:Historian Jim Crow, of
4078:At other times, kings,
3685:, was founded in 1982.
3491:Western Sahara conflict
3485:Western Sahara conflict
3283:Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
2955:. Islam was brought to
2512:equality of opportunity
2508:Women in the Arab world
2491:Women in the Arab world
1915:(symptomatic of Arabic
1883:Cypriot Maronite Arabic
1821:Arab citizens of Israel
862:, an island country in
648:اَلْوَطَنُ الْعَرَبِيُّ
62:29.839/km (70.37/sq mi)
7875:1969 Libyan revolution
7753:1941 Iraqi coup d'état
7291:Romance-speaking world
7209:— Arab world directory
7196:INFOSAMAK – Arab world
6690:"Games With Frontiers"
6369:UN Women | Arab States
6282:Shafik, Viola (2007).
6182:Shafik, Viola (2007).
5857:Sharaf, Nihal (2012).
5314:Tamari, Steve (2008).
4551:
4525: Expansion under
4442:
4237:
4168:
4150:
4137:
4124:
4096:Sherif Hussein ibn Ali
4063:in the north to lower
3908:
3883:States and territories
3774:report classifies the
3737:
3722:
3629:
3598:
3596:2011 Bahraini uprising
3447:
3386:
3273:were conquered by the
3204:
3045:
3035:Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt
2930:was conquered in 633,
2883:
2504:
2223:, the average rate of
2216:
2147:(mainly in Iraq), the
2057:Islam is practiced in
2002:
1943:in the Islamic world.
1909:Modern Standard Arabic
1869:ethnic minority, as a
1734:
993:
798:post-classical history
787:gross domestic product
671:al-ummah al-ʿarabiyyah
429:Extended definition:
359:Extended definition:
8433:Jordanian nationalism
8167:Arab Islamic Republic
8162:Arab Higher Committee
8039:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
8019:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
7830:North Yemen civil war
7763:Arab–Israeli conflict
7582:Uralic-speaking world
7495:Celtic-speaking world
7455:Slavic-speaking world
6972:Reader, John (1997).
6930:Hourani, Albert Habib
5787:"2010 Census Results"
5237:Arabic, Hijazi Spoken
4984:Khan, Zafarul-Islam.
4515:
4485:Historical boundaries
4466:(2 million km).
4434:
4228:
4160:
4145:
4128:
4119:
4104:Sykes-Picot Agreement
3985:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
3898:
3867:, popularly known as
3784:electoral democracies
3766:as "hybrid regimes",
3728:
3704:
3620:
3594:
3520:North Yemen Civil War
3514:North Yemen Civil War
3508:North Yemen Civil War
3441:
3406:1948 Arab–Israeli War
3395:Arab–Israeli conflict
3377:
3370:Arab–Israeli conflict
3368:Further information:
3364:Arab–Israeli conflict
3186:
3173:Further information:
3033:
2993:By 1570, the Turkish
2865:
2856:Further information:
2816:United Arab Emirates
2498:
2207:
2161:Arab–Israeli conflict
1994:
1841:; others inhabit the
1730:
989:
985:regional organisation
983:The Arab League is a
808:movements within the
658:), also known as the
413:Minimum definition:
109:Minimum definition:
8468:Tunisian nationalism
8438:Lebanese nationalism
8398:Egyptian nationalism
8393:Algerian nationalism
8297:United Arab Republic
8172:Arab Liberation Army
8152:Arab Ba'ath Movement
8009:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
7111:Ayalon, Amy (1987).
6866:Deng, Francis Mading
6740:on 30 November 2009.
6146:10.2307/j.ctt22p7j4k
5939:1 April 2001 at the
5812:Carnes, Nat (2012).
5646:"Middle East – Iran"
5225:Arabic, Najdi Spoken
5113:The Arabs: A History
4441:(Western Arab world)
4364:improve this section
4235:United Arab Emirates
4141:Newcastle University
4001:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
3964:United Arab Republic
3899:Arab leaders at the
3837:regime and ultimate
3628:pipelines and fields
3607:political corruption
3558:Islamic Courts Union
3424:was signed in 1979.
3213:United Arab Republic
3137:United Arab Emirates
3101:Syrian Arab Republic
3043:Egyptian Ottoman War
2847:History of the Arabs
2294:improve this article
2163:prompted their mass
1833:are mainly found in
1702:Ancillary linguistic
1647:United Arab Emirates
962:Standard territorial
910:vernacular languages
842:أَقَالِيمُ ٱلْعَرَبِ
766:in the north to the
342:United Arab Emirates
8458:Sahrawi nationalism
7815:1959 Mosul uprising
7748:Great Syrian Revolt
7075:Saint-Prot, Charles
6976:New York: Vintage.
6770:The Crisis of Islam
6677:on 6 December 2010.
6430:Government of Dubai
6365:"Facts and Figures"
5705:on 26 December 2018
5476:Benjamin Hätinger,
5268:– via Academia.edu.
5249:Arabic, Gulf Spoken
4898:"Arab World | Data"
4628:Strait of Gibraltar
4108:Balfour Declaration
3911:Different forms of
3891:Forms of government
3397:, one of the major
3287:Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud
3187:Egyptian president
3175:Islam and modernity
3097:Republic of Lebanon
3054:Mandatory Palestine
2306:footnote references
1929:Perso-Arabic script
1907:In the Arab world,
1732:Varieties of Arabic
912:are referred to as
793:(MENA) definition.
758:in the west to the
30:
8547:Historical regions
8463:Syrian nationalism
8443:Libyan nationalism
8403:Greater Mauritania
8319:The Arab Awakening
8302:United Arab States
8277:Rejectionist Front
8084:Gamal Abdel Nasser
7895:Yemeni unification
7885:Lebanese Civil War
7865:17 July Revolution
7835:Ramadan Revolution
7810:14 July Revolution
7281:Language geography
7191:Arab League Online
7105:(September 2016),
6539:. Voice of America
6422:"History of Dubai"
5651:The World Factbook
5619:The World Factbook
5316:Who are the Arabs?
5171:"Jordan and Syria"
4552:
4537:Rashidun Caliphate
4443:
4289:possibly contains
4238:
4169:
4092:the British Empire
4020:Muammar al-Gaddafi
3973:Gamal Abdel Nasser
3909:
3738:
3723:
3691:Muslim Brotherhood
3630:
3599:
3497:Western Sahara War
3478:Lebanese Civil War
3472:Lebanese Civil War
3466:Lebanese Civil War
3460:Iranian Revolution
3448:
3387:
3205:
3201:Arab League summit
3189:Gamal Abdel Nasser
3117:Kingdom of Morocco
3084:and the so-called
3046:
2894:group in southern
2884:
2505:
2217:
2175:and some 3,000 in
2110:Assyrian Christian
2003:
1839:Khuzestan Province
1735:
654:al-waṭan al-ʿarabī
637:al-ʿālam al-ʿarabī
59:Population density
28:
8494:
8493:
8423:Iraqi nationalism
8114:Constantin Zureiq
7964:Abdul Rahman Arif
7944:Butrus al-Bustani
7630:
7629:
7395:
7394:
7176:978-1-62948-899-8
7127:978-0-19-504140-8
7087:978-9948-00-336-6
7034:978-0-7618-3439-7
6998:: Halsted Press.
6982:978-0-679-40979-3
6942:978-0-674-39565-7
6922:978-977-416-293-0
6857:978-3-638-86642-2
6788:978-0-8129-6785-2
6773:. New York City:
6518:. ed. John Voll (
6460:. A&C Black.
6195:978-977-416-065-3
5843:. 23 March 2015.
5334:"The Arab League"
5212:978-90-04-14474-3
5123:978-0-465-02504-6
5016:978-1-136-21960-3
4740:southeast to the
4720:To the east, the
4624:Mediterranean Sea
4599:by Morocco), and
4559:Arabian Peninsula
4547:Umayyad Caliphate
4400:
4399:
4392:
4334:
4333:
4326:
4291:original research
4164:, the capital of
4039:Modern boundaries
3997:Shukri al-Kuwatli
3993:Constantin Zureiq
3742:autocratic rulers
3687:Islamic terrorism
3416:of 1967, and the
3340:(location of the
3291:Third Saudi State
3271:Arabian Peninsula
3135:in 1962, and the
3019:The sentiment of
2980:Abbasid Caliphate
2900:Arabian peninsula
2838:
2837:
2510:are still denied
2437:cinema of Lebanon
2343:at 83.2% and the
2334:
2333:
2326:
2183:developed out of
2094:Arabian Peninsula
2015:Arabian Peninsula
1989:
1988:
1871:national language
1699:
1698:
868:national language
850:Upper Mesopotamia
846:Arabian Peninsula
781:According to the
764:Mediterranean Sea
620:
619:
8559:
8517:Cultural regions
8484:
8483:
8357:Eagle of Saladin
8064:Amin al-Husseini
8029:Faisal I of Iraq
7999:Sultan al-Atrash
7994:Mansur al-Atrash
7969:Abdul Salam Arif
7778:War of Attrition
7664:Arab nationalism
7657:
7650:
7643:
7634:
7633:
7618:
7617:
7296:
7295:
7265:
7258:
7251:
7242:
7241:
7233:
7180:
7071:
7038:
7021:Lanham, Maryland
7009:
6969:
6926:
6893:
6876:Washington, D.C.
6861:
6824:
6823:
6821:
6819:
6799:
6793:
6792:
6761:
6755:
6748:
6742:
6741:
6736:. Archived from
6730:
6724:
6723:
6721:
6719:
6714:. Worldsteel.org
6708:
6702:
6701:
6700:on 7 March 2003.
6696:. Archived from
6685:
6679:
6678:
6676:
6669:
6660:
6651:
6650:
6639:
6633:
6616:
6610:
6599:
6593:
6592:
6590:
6588:
6573:
6567:
6566:
6555:
6549:
6548:
6546:
6544:
6532:
6523:
6522:(Boulder)) p. 1.
6512:
6506:
6505:
6494:. ProQuest LLC.
6485:
6479:
6478:
6476:
6474:
6447:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6436:
6418:
6412:
6411:
6409:
6407:
6401:
6394:
6386:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6375:
6361:
6352:
6339:
6333:
6332:
6304:
6298:
6297:
6279:
6270:
6269:
6237:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6223:
6213:
6207:
6206:
6204:
6202:
6179:
6173:
6166:
6160:
6159:
6133:
6124:
6123:
6095:
6089:
6088:
6060:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6038:
6032:
6026:. UNESCO. 2007.
6025:
6017:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6006:
6000:
5994:. UNESCO. 2007.
5993:
5985:
5979:
5978:
5976:
5974:
5962:
5956:
5949:
5943:
5930:
5924:
5923:
5902:
5896:
5895:
5877:
5871:
5870:
5869:on 2 April 2015.
5865:. Archived from
5854:
5848:
5847:
5837:
5831:
5830:
5809:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5798:
5793:on 20 March 2012
5789:. Archived from
5783:
5777:
5776:
5771:
5769:
5754:
5748:
5745:
5733:
5721:
5715:
5714:
5712:
5710:
5701:. Archived from
5691:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5680:
5675:. Ethnologue.com
5669:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5658:
5642:
5636:
5633:
5627:
5604:
5598:
5591:
5585:
5578:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5567:
5558:. 2 March 2001.
5548:
5542:
5539:
5533:
5530:
5524:
5521:
5512:
5509:
5503:
5500:
5494:
5487:
5481:
5474:
5468:
5465:
5459:
5448:
5442:
5441:
5413:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5402:
5397:. 8 October 2005
5395:Encyclopedia.com
5387:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5373:
5368:. 8 October 2005
5366:Encyclopedia.com
5358:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5344:
5330:
5324:
5323:
5311:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5297:
5275:
5269:
5258:
5252:
5246:
5240:
5234:
5228:
5222:
5216:
5215:
5203:Brill Publishers
5194:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5183:
5167:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5156:
5142:
5136:
5135:
5107:
5101:
5100:
5072:
5066:
5065:
5054:
5048:
5047:
5027:
5021:
5020:
5000:
4994:
4993:
4990:milligazette.com
4981:
4975:
4971:
4952:
4951:
4944:
4938:
4937:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4916:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4905:
4894:
4885:
4884:
4873:
4815:
4810:
4809:
4544:
4534:
4524:
4395:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4375:
4344:
4336:
4329:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4309:
4306:inline citations
4282:
4281:
4274:
4231:Emirate of Dubai
4153:Modern economies
4011:of Morocco, and
3968:Arab Nationalism
3803:Persian Gulf War
3719:invasion of Iraq
3705:The toppling of
3587:Syrian civil war
3583:Libyan Civil War
3539:Somali Civil War
3533:Somali Civil War
3527:Somali Civil War
3238:Modern conflicts
3197:Abdel Salam Arif
3125:Republic of Iraq
3113:Kingdom of Egypt
3109:Kingdom of Libya
3037:, leader of the
3021:Arab nationalism
3014:Ajuran Sultanate
3006:Wattasid dynasty
2988:Mamluk Sultanate
2984:Mongol invasions
2924:Muslim conquests
2834:
2808:
2782:
2756:
2730:
2704:
2678:
2652:
2626:
2600:
2556:
2555:
2329:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2309:
2277:
2276:
2269:
2179:. Historically,
1984:
1981:
1975:
1959:
1958:
1951:
1913:Classical Arabic
1691:
1685:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1662:
1656:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1633:
1627:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1604:
1598:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1571:
1565:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1534:
1528:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1505:
1499:
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1476:
1470:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1447:
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1430:
1428:
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1418:
1412:
1401:
1399:
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1379:
1368:
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1365:
1356:
1350:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1323:
1317:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1294:
1288:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1265:
1259:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1236:
1230:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1203:
1197:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1174:
1168:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1141:
1135:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1104:
1098:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1075:
1069:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1042:
1036:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1013:
958:in the Maghreb.
937:
936:
923:
922:
843:
802:Arab nationalism
730:form at least a
673:
667:
666:
656:
650:
649:
641:), formally the
639:
633:
610:
609:
599:
598:
588:
587:
577:
576:
566:
565:
555:
554:
544:
543:
533:
532:
522:
521:
511:
510:
439:
437:
436:
423:
421:
420:
395:
393:
392:
382:
380:
379:
369:
367:
366:
353:
351:
350:
340:
338:
337:
327:
325:
324:
314:
312:
311:
301:
299:
298:
288:
286:
285:
275:
273:
272:
262:
260:
259:
249:
247:
246:
236:
234:
233:
223:
221:
220:
210:
208:
207:
197:
195:
194:
184:
182:
181:
171:
169:
168:
158:
156:
155:
145:
143:
142:
132:
130:
129:
119:
117:
116:
103:sovereign states
70:$ 2.782 trillion
38:
31:
27:
8567:
8566:
8562:
8561:
8560:
8558:
8557:
8556:
8552:Eastern culture
8542:Arabic language
8497:
8496:
8495:
8490:
8472:
8408:Greater Morocco
8381:
8377:Pan-Arab colors
8372:Hawk of Quraish
8338:
8306:
8157:Arab Federation
8118:
8104:Abdullah Rimawi
8079:Mostéfa Merarda
8034:Muammar Gaddafi
8014:Ahmed Ben Bella
7989:Jamal al-Atassi
7979:Bashar al-Assad
7930:
7899:
7880:Black September
7758:Anglo-Iraqi War
7702:
7666:
7661:
7631:
7626:
7606:
7592:Hindustani list
7522:Other languages
7517:
7508:Scottish Gaelic
7489:
7449:
7391:
7341:
7285:
7272:
7269:
7220:— Arab articles
7187:
7177:
7096:
7094:Further reading
7068:
7035:
7006:
6966:
6923:
6890:
6858:
6832:
6827:
6817:
6815:
6800:
6796:
6789:
6762:
6758:
6749:
6745:
6732:
6731:
6727:
6717:
6715:
6710:
6709:
6705:
6686:
6682:
6674:
6667:
6661:
6654:
6641:
6640:
6636:
6627:Wayback Machine
6617:
6613:
6600:
6596:
6586:
6584:
6575:
6574:
6570:
6557:
6556:
6552:
6542:
6540:
6533:
6526:
6513:
6509:
6502:
6486:
6482:
6472:
6470:
6468:
6448:
6444:
6434:
6432:
6420:
6419:
6415:
6405:
6403:
6399:
6395:. Demographia.
6392:
6388:
6387:
6383:
6373:
6371:
6363:
6362:
6355:
6349:Wayback Machine
6340:
6336:
6305:
6301:
6294:
6280:
6273:
6250:10.2307/3010963
6238:
6231:
6221:
6219:
6215:
6214:
6210:
6200:
6198:
6196:
6180:
6176:
6167:
6163:
6156:
6134:
6127:
6096:
6092:
6071:(11): 119–127.
6061:
6046:
6036:
6034:
6030:
6023:
6019:
6018:
6014:
6004:
6002:
5998:
5991:
5987:
5986:
5982:
5972:
5970:
5963:
5959:
5951:Bernard Lewis,
5950:
5946:
5941:Wayback Machine
5931:
5927:
5917:
5903:
5899:
5892:
5878:
5874:
5855:
5851:
5839:
5838:
5834:
5824:
5810:
5806:
5796:
5794:
5785:
5784:
5780:
5767:
5765:
5764:on 15 July 2021
5756:
5755:
5751:
5736:
5722:
5718:
5708:
5706:
5693:
5692:
5688:
5678:
5676:
5671:
5670:
5666:
5656:
5654:
5644:
5643:
5639:
5634:
5630:
5614:Wayback Machine
5605:
5601:
5592:
5588:
5579:
5575:
5565:
5563:
5550:
5549:
5545:
5540:
5536:
5531:
5527:
5522:
5515:
5510:
5506:
5501:
5497:
5488:
5484:
5475:
5471:
5466:
5462:
5449:
5445:
5430:
5422:. Garnet publ.
5414:
5410:
5400:
5398:
5389:
5388:
5381:
5371:
5369:
5360:
5359:
5352:
5342:
5340:
5332:
5331:
5327:
5312:
5305:
5295:
5293:
5277:
5276:
5272:
5259:
5255:
5247:
5243:
5235:
5231:
5223:
5219:
5213:
5205:, p. 414,
5201:, vol. 2,
5195:
5191:
5181:
5179:
5169:
5168:
5164:
5154:
5152:
5144:
5143:
5139:
5124:
5108:
5104:
5089:
5073:
5069:
5056:
5055:
5051:
5044:
5028:
5024:
5017:
5001:
4997:
4982:
4978:
4972:
4955:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4932:
4931:
4927:
4918:
4917:
4913:
4903:
4901:
4896:
4895:
4888:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4861:
4811:
4804:
4801:
4744:strait between
4738:Sinai peninsula
4550:
4542:
4540:
4532:
4530:
4522:
4487:
4477:(665 km).
4406:
4396:
4385:
4379:
4376:
4361:
4345:
4330:
4319:
4313:
4310:
4295:
4283:
4279:
4272:
4202:'s border with
4155:
4041:
4028:Bashar al-Assad
4009:Mehdi Ben Barka
4005:Habib Bourguiba
3977:Ahmed Ben Bella
3893:
3885:
3877:civil liberties
3858:Damascus Spring
3751:Democracy Index
3699:
3615:
3589:
3577:Main articles:
3575:
3553:(TFG) in 2004.
3535:
3529:
3516:
3510:
3493:
3487:
3474:
3468:
3436:
3430:
3391:State of Israel
3372:
3366:
3344:holy cities of
3269:of most of the
3251:
3246:
3240:
3199:(left) for the
3193:Ahmed Ben Bella
3181:
3171:
3129:Somali Republic
2976:
2942:Egyptian Arabic
2892:Central Semitic
2860:
2854:
2849:
2843:
2547:
2541:
2532:
2524:
2522:Child marriages
2493:
2487:
2371:
2365:
2330:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2291:
2282:This section's
2278:
2274:
2211:schoolgirls in
2202:
2196:
2130:Arab Christians
2064:There are also
2033:, however, are
1998:mass prayer in
1985:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1921:Arabic dialects
1911:, derived from
1905:
1899:
1881:also recognize
1743:Literary Arabic
1739:Arabic dialects
1710:
1708:Arabic language
1704:
1669:
1667:
1640:
1638:
1611:
1609:
1582:
1580:
1549:
1547:
1512:
1510:
1483:
1481:
1454:
1452:
1425:
1423:
1396:
1394:
1363:
1361:
1334:
1332:
1301:
1299:
1272:
1270:
1243:
1241:
1214:
1212:
1181:
1179:
1152:
1150:
1119:
1117:
1082:
1080:
1053:
1051:
1020:
1018:
1011:
1005:
970:
964:
906:Standard Arabic
892:
872:Sicilian Arabic
864:Southern Europe
822:
719:is used as the
689:Northern Africa
616:
604:
603:
593:
592:
582:
581:
571:
570:
560:
559:
549:
548:
538:
537:
527:
526:
516:
515:
505:
502:
501:
445:
434:
432:
418:
416:
410:
409:
407:de facto states
401:
390:
388:
377:
375:
364:
362:
348:
346:
335:
333:
322:
320:
309:
307:
296:
294:
283:
281:
270:
268:
257:
255:
244:
242:
231:
229:
218:
216:
205:
203:
192:
190:
179:
177:
166:
164:
153:
151:
140:
138:
127:
125:
114:
112:
106:
105:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8565:
8555:
8554:
8549:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8522:Horn of Africa
8519:
8514:
8509:
8492:
8491:
8489:
8488:
8477:
8474:
8473:
8471:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8389:
8387:
8386:Related topics
8383:
8382:
8380:
8379:
8374:
8369:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8348:
8346:
8340:
8339:
8337:
8336:
8329:
8322:
8314:
8312:
8308:
8307:
8305:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8252:Islamic Legion
8249:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8142:Al-Mourabitoun
8139:
8134:
8128:
8126:
8120:
8119:
8117:
8116:
8111:
8109:Hamdeen Sabahi
8106:
8101:
8099:Fuad al-Rikabi
8096:
8091:
8089:Adnan Pachachi
8086:
8081:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8061:
8059:Saddam Hussein
8056:
8051:
8049:Sati' al-Husri
8046:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8016:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7984:Hafez al-Assad
7981:
7976:
7974:Zaki al-Arsuzi
7971:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7940:
7938:
7932:
7931:
7929:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7907:
7905:
7901:
7900:
7898:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7855:Aden Emergency
7852:
7847:
7842:
7837:
7832:
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7807:
7802:
7800:Iraqi Intifada
7797:
7792:
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7785:
7783:Yom Kippur War
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7755:
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7678:Arab socialism
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7185:External links
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7147:Tausch, Arno.
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7107:Monthly Review
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6808:Alarabiya News
6794:
6787:
6765:Lewis, Bernard
6756:
6752:World Factbook
6743:
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6703:
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6634:
6611:
6594:
6583:on 10 May 2011
6568:
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6524:
6520:Westview Press
6507:
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6106:(2): 225–245.
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4881:indexmundi.com
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4748:in Africa and
4589:Western Sahara
4581:Atlantic Ocean
4561:, most of the
4541:
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4495:Horn of Africa
4486:
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4402:Main article:
4398:
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4380:September 2023
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4314:September 2023
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4040:
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4024:Hafez al-Assad
3989:Zaki al-Arsuzi
3892:
3889:
3884:
3881:
3873:Mubarak regime
3856:In Syria, the
3707:Saddam Hussein
3698:
3697:Recent history
3695:
3665:rentier states
3640:as a route to
3634:British Empire
3614:
3611:
3574:
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3528:
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3384:Yom Kippur War
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3242:Main article:
3239:
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3086:Trucial States
3078:French Algeria
3074:French Tunisia
3058:Mandatory Iraq
2995:Ottoman Empire
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2543:Main article:
2540:
2539:Largest cities
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2516:United Nations
2489:Main article:
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2367:Main article:
2364:
2361:
2352:United Nations
2332:
2331:
2286:external links
2281:
2279:
2272:
2225:adult literacy
2198:Main article:
2195:
2192:
1987:
1986:
1963:
1961:
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1948:
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1102:Juzur al-Qamar
1078:
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1007:Main article:
1004:
1001:
966:Main article:
963:
960:
891:
888:
832:used the term
821:
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810:Ottoman Empire
756:Atlantic Ocean
711:, among other
618:
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75:GDP per capita
72:
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15:
9:
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8044:George Habash
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8024:Izzat Darwaza
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7959:Yasser Arafat
7957:
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7936:Personalities
7933:
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7911:Arab identity
7909:
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7825:Arab Cold War
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7142:0-521-27423-0
7139:
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7128:
7124:
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7110:
7108:
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7103:
7098:
7097:
7088:
7084:
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7076:
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7069:
7067:0-88864-211-3
7063:
7059:
7055:
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7047:
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7026:
7022:
7018:
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7011:
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7005:0-470-71628-2
7001:
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6967:
6965:87-87062-24-0
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6889:0-8157-1794-6
6885:
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6695:
6694:Sunday Herald
6691:
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6666:
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6657:
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6638:
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6628:
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6608:
6607:0-87609-146-X
6604:
6598:
6582:
6578:
6572:
6564:
6563:The Economist
6560:
6554:
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6531:
6529:
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6511:
6503:
6501:9781267445070
6497:
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6469:
6467:9780826494238
6463:
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6398:
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6242:MERIP Reports
6236:
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6155:9780253031730
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5916:9780429962004
5912:
5908:
5901:
5893:
5891:9781440839337
5887:
5883:
5876:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5853:
5846:
5842:
5836:
5829:
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5823:9781475903423
5819:
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5808:
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5782:
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5759:
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5743:
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5726:Phares, Walid
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5593:Colin Legum,
5590:
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5547:
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5529:
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5508:
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5491:Arab folklore
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5283:The Economist
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5088:0-89526-706-3
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4987:
4980:
4970:
4968:
4966:
4964:
4962:
4960:
4958:
4950:. World Bank.
4949:
4943:
4936:. World Bank.
4935:
4929:
4922:. World Bank.
4921:
4915:
4899:
4893:
4891:
4882:
4878:
4872:
4868:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4814:
4808:
4803:
4796:
4794:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4770:
4768:
4765:, to rain on
4764:
4760:
4754:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4742:Bab-el-Mandeb
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4718:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4656:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4595:unilaterally
4594:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4555:
4548:
4538:
4528:
4520:'s expansion
4519:
4514:
4510:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4482:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4440:
4439:
4433:
4429:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4405:
4394:
4391:
4383:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4349:This section
4347:
4343:
4338:
4337:
4328:
4325:
4317:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4287:This section
4285:
4276:
4275:
4267:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4236:
4232:
4227:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4176:
4174:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4149:
4144:
4142:
4136:
4133:
4132:Gertrude Bell
4127:
4123:
4118:
4116:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4088:nation states
4085:
4081:
4076:
4074:
4073:Libyan desert
4070:
4066:
4062:
4061:Mediterranean
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4036:
4034:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4016:
4014:
4013:Shakib Arslan
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3906:
3903:+3 summit in
3902:
3897:
3888:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3863:In 2003, the
3861:
3859:
3854:
3851:
3847:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3827:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3772:Freedom House
3769:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3743:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3711:Firdos Square
3709:'s statue in
3708:
3703:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3642:British India
3639:
3635:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3597:
3593:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3554:
3552:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3534:
3524:
3521:
3515:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3492:
3482:
3479:
3473:
3463:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3452:Iran–Iraq War
3445:
3444:Iran–Iraq War
3440:
3435:
3434:Iran–Iraq War
3428:Iran–Iraq War
3425:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3330:Jebel Shammar
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3310:Jebel Shammar
3307:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3275:House of Saud
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3245:
3235:
3233:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3179:Arab Cold War
3176:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3142:By contrast,
3140:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3127:in 1958, the
3126:
3123:in 1956, the
3122:
3118:
3115:in 1952, the
3114:
3111:in 1951, the
3110:
3107:in 1946, the
3106:
3102:
3099:in 1943, the
3098:
3094:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3070:Italian Libya
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3044:
3040:
3039:Egyptian Army
3036:
3032:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3010:Saadi dynasty
3007:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2920:Syrian Desert
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2898:and northern
2897:
2893:
2889:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2852:Early history
2848:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:Saudi Arabia
2789:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:Saudi Arabia
2633:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2546:
2536:
2535:reaches 70%.
2527:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2482:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2427:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2413:Elsewhere in
2411:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2363:Film industry
2360:
2357:
2354:published an
2353:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2328:
2325:
2317:
2314:December 2022
2307:
2303:
2302:inappropriate
2299:
2295:
2289:
2287:
2280:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2219:According to
2214:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1925:Islamic world
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1831:Iranian Arabs
1828:
1824:
1822:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
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1744:
1740:
1733:
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1661:
1652:
1648:
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1623:
1619:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1594:
1590:
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1576:
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1570:
1561:
1557:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1533:
1524:
1520:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1495:
1491:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1466:
1462:
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1433:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1408:
1404:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1384:
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1371:
1360:
1357:
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1202:
1193:
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1146:
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1127:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1094:
1090:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1065:
1061:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1032:
1028:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1000:
998:
992:
988:
986:
981:
979:
975:
969:
959:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
931:
927:
917:
916:
911:
907:
903:
899:
898:
887:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
855:
851:
847:
839:
835:
831:
827:
824:In page 9 of
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
794:
792:
788:
784:
779:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
724:
722:
721:lingua franca
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
672:
661:
657:
655:
644:
643:Arab homeland
640:
638:
629:
625:
613:
608:
602:
597:
591:
586:
580:
575:
569:
564:
558:
553:
547:
542:
536:
531:
525:
520:
514:
509:
504:
503:
496:
493:
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486:
482:
479:
477:
472:
469:
465:
462:
458:
455:
452:
448:
442:
431:
428:
426:
415:
412:
411:
408:
398:
387:
385:
374:
372:
361:
358:
356:
345:
343:
332:
330:
319:
317:
306:
304:
293:
291:
280:
278:
267:
265:
254:
252:
241:
239:
228:
226:
215:
213:
202:
200:
189:
187:
176:
174:
163:
161:
150:
148:
137:
135:
124:
122:
111:
108:
107:
104:
97:
93:
90:
87:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
67:GDP (nominal)
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
32:
26:
22:
8532:North Africa
8453:Pan-Islamism
8331:
8324:
8317:
8217:Ba'ath Party
8094:Ameen Rihani
7954:Jassem Alwan
7949:Michel Aflaq
7920:
7805:Algerian War
7731:Iraqi Revolt
7619:
7602:Swahili list
7528:
7358:Francophonie
7201:ArabLand.com
7166:
7163:Tausch, Arno
7148:
7133:
7112:
7100:
7078:
7044:
7015:
6990:
6973:
6950:
6933:
6903:
6898:
6870:
6838:
6816:. Retrieved
6807:
6797:
6775:Random House
6769:
6759:
6746:
6738:the original
6728:
6716:. Retrieved
6706:
6698:the original
6693:
6683:
6672:the original
6637:
6629:
6620:"Religions."
6614:
6597:
6585:. Retrieved
6581:the original
6571:
6562:
6553:
6541:. Retrieved
6515:
6510:
6490:
6483:
6471:. Retrieved
6456:
6452:
6445:
6433:. Retrieved
6425:
6416:
6404:. Retrieved
6384:
6372:. Retrieved
6368:
6337:
6315:(1): 46–48.
6312:
6308:
6302:
6283:
6244:(52): 4–12.
6241:
6220:. Retrieved
6211:
6199:. Retrieved
6184:
6177:
6169:
6168:Armes, Roy.
6164:
6137:
6103:
6099:
6093:
6068:
6064:
6035:. Retrieved
6015:
6003:. Retrieved
5983:
5971:. Retrieved
5960:
5952:
5947:
5932:Lewis 1994,
5928:
5920:
5906:
5900:
5881:
5875:
5867:the original
5863:Arabia Times
5862:
5852:
5844:
5835:
5827:
5813:
5807:
5795:. Retrieved
5791:the original
5781:
5773:
5766:. Retrieved
5762:the original
5752:
5741:
5719:
5707:. Retrieved
5703:the original
5698:
5689:
5677:. Retrieved
5667:
5655:. Retrieved
5649:
5640:
5635:Rinnawi: xvi
5631:
5617:
5602:
5594:
5589:
5581:
5576:
5564:. Retrieved
5555:
5546:
5537:
5528:
5523:Kronholm: 14
5507:
5498:
5490:
5485:
5477:
5472:
5463:
5455:
5451:
5450:Wehr, Hans:
5446:
5418:
5411:
5399:. Retrieved
5394:
5370:. Retrieved
5365:
5341:. Retrieved
5337:
5328:
5322:. p. 1.
5315:
5294:. Retrieved
5282:
5273:
5265:
5261:
5256:
5251:. Ethnologue
5244:
5239:. Ethnologue
5232:
5227:. Ethnologue
5220:
5198:
5192:
5180:. Retrieved
5174:
5165:
5153:. Retrieved
5149:
5140:
5112:
5105:
5077:
5070:
5061:
5052:
5032:
5025:
5005:
4998:
4989:
4979:
4942:
4928:
4914:
4902:. Retrieved
4900:. World Bank
4880:
4871:
4857:Muslim world
4813:World portal
4790:
4786:Indian Ocean
4771:
4755:
4719:
4684:
4657:
4621:
4578:
4575:
4556:
4553:
4488:
4479:
4468:
4464:Saudi Arabia
4444:
4436:
4425:
4419:
4413:
4410:North Africa
4407:
4386:
4377:
4362:Please help
4350:
4320:
4311:
4288:
4264:
4256:South Africa
4244:Saudi Arabia
4242:
4239:
4189:
4177:
4173:Muslim world
4170:
4146:
4143:, has said:
4138:
4129:
4125:
4120:
4112:
4077:
4042:
4033:Arab Muslims
4017:
4015:of Lebanon.
4007:of Tunisia,
3981:Michel Aflaq
3979:of Algeria,
3928:World War II
3925:
3910:
3886:
3868:
3862:
3855:
3843:
3828:
3815:Saudi Arabia
3800:
3749:
3739:
3675:Pan-Islamism
3669:
3661:raw material
3657:Persian Gulf
3654:
3631:
3600:
3555:
3547:
3536:
3517:
3502:
3494:
3475:
3456:
3449:
3420:of 1973. An
3403:
3388:
3306:Ottoman Iraq
3303:
3290:
3278:
3252:
3232:Pan-Islamism
3229:
3206:
3156:
3144:Saudi Arabia
3141:
3093:World War II
3090:
3047:
3018:
2992:
2982:fell to the
2977:
2961:
2946:
2936:
2885:
2551:city propers
2548:
2533:
2525:
2506:
2476:
2472:
2445:
2441:
2430:
2423:
2415:North Africa
2412:
2372:
2349:
2335:
2320:
2311:
2296:by removing
2283:
2258:
2254:
2218:
2134:
2098:North Africa
2063:
2051:Saudi Arabia
2004:
1977:
1965:
1906:
1897:Demographics
1825:
1818:
1803:
1792:
1777:
1769:Afro-Asiatic
1751:
1736:
1719:
1711:
1686:
1657:
1628:
1599:
1566:
1529:
1500:
1490:Saudi Arabia
1471:
1442:
1413:
1380:
1351:
1318:
1289:
1260:
1231:
1198:
1169:
1136:
1099:
1070:
1037:
994:
990:
982:
971:
935:ٱلْعَامِيَّة
929:
913:
902:genealogical
895:
893:
858:
834:Arab regions
833:
825:
823:
795:
780:
768:Indian Ocean
725:
685:Western Asia
680:
676:
668:
659:
651:
642:
634:
623:
621:
450:Dependencies
290:Saudi Arabia
25:
8527:Middle East
8147:Arab Ba'ath
8069:Salah Jadid
7926:Arabization
7773:Six-Day War
7768:Suez Crisis
7714:Arab Revolt
7693:Pan-Arabism
7587:Esperantujo
7570:Malay world
7553:Persosphere
6844:Norderstedt
6609:, pages 6–8
6587:13 February
6453:Hans Kung,
5973:23 November
5709:28 November
5401:13 February
5372:13 February
5296:20 November
4837:Arab League
4774:East Africa
4676:Middle Ages
4617:West Africa
4516:Map of the
4135:Jordanians.
3960:North Yemen
3932:Pan-Arabism
3754:classifies
3748:. The 2016
3736:, June 2015
3579:Arab Spring
3573:Arab Spring
3414:Six-Day War
3410:Suez Crisis
3408:, the 1956
3209:Pan-Arabism
3050:World War I
2858:Arabization
2742:Kuwait City
2645:100–200 AD
2590:16,225,000
2568:Population
2479:Middle East
2419:Middle East
2375:Arab cinema
2369:Arab cinema
2209:Palestinian
2185:pre-Islamic
2023:Sunni Islam
1996:Eid al-Fitr
1778:Similarly,
978:Arab League
968:Arab League
921:الدَّارِجَة
820:Terminology
814:Pan-Arabism
806:nationalist
760:Arabian Sea
740:Arab League
681:Arab states
660:Arab nation
454:Arab League
54:456,520,777
21:Arab League
8507:Arab world
8501:Categories
8311:Literature
8004:Tariq Aziz
7921:Arab world
7916:Arab Union
7845:Dhofar War
7597:Tamil list
7565:Indosphere
7529:Arab world
7463:Macedonian
7414:Anglophone
7308:Portuguese
7300:Iberophone
7235:Arab world
7207:Araboo.com
7099:Ajl, Max.
6956:Copenhagen
6777:. p.
6718:17 October
6543:23 October
6473:17 October
6222:5 February
6201:2 February
5768:17 January
5679:17 October
5657:24 October
5566:13 October
5556:archive.ph
5532:Rejwan: 52
5502:Baumann: 8
5343:2 November
5176:Ethnologue
4864:References
4782:Madagascar
4778:Mozambique
4645:Alexandria
4605:Nouakchott
4601:Mauritania
4298:improve it
4196:Mauritania
4057:Al-Maqrizi
4022:of Libya,
3999:of Syria,
3975:of Egypt,
3917:monarchies
3913:government
3879:in Egypt.
3846:Al Jazeera
3780:Mauritania
3638:Suez Canal
3562:Al-Shabaab
3380:Suez Canal
3312:under the
3263:sheikhdoms
2970:elements.
2916:Ghassanids
2904:Nabataeans
2824:3,805,000
2798:3,875,000
2772:4,370,000
2768:Casablanca
2746:4,660,000
2720:4,870,000
2716:Alexandria
2694:4,995,000
2668:5,345,000
2642:6,030,000
2616:7,960,000
2347:at 73.6%.
1933:vernacular
1885:under the
1861:recognize
1773:loan words
1761:Somaliland
1383:al-Maghrib
1341:Mauritania
1073:al-Baḥrayn
1040:al-Jazā’ir
890:Definition
830:Al Maqdisi
783:World Bank
677:Arabsphere
624:Arab world
590:Casablanca
546:Alexandria
460:Time zones
441:Somaliland
225:Mauritania
51:Population
29:Arab world
8537:West Asia
8344:Symbolism
7688:Nasserism
7683:Ba'athism
7541:Sinophone
7485:Ukrainian
7381:Romanian
7313:Lusophone
6818:19 August
6321:0009-7004
6258:0047-7265
6172:, page 26
6120:1755-0912
6085:1066-9922
5511:Deng: 405
5438:469513651
5291:0013-0613
5132:728657250
4549:, 661–750
4539:, 632–661
4529:, 622–632
4518:caliphate
4351:does not
4302:verifying
4270:Geography
4003:of Iraq,
3921:republics
3823:Palestine
3764:Palestine
3679:Hezbollah
3646:petroleum
3613:Petroleum
3314:Al Rashid
3154:by 1932.
3139:in 1971.
3131:in 1960,
2978:The Arab
2908:Tanukhids
2460:Palestine
2298:excessive
2237:Palestine
2194:Education
2153:Mandaeans
2090:Palestine
2066:Christian
1980:June 2019
1917:diglossia
1863:Hassaniya
1847:Hormozgan
1432:Palestine
1354:Mūrītānyā
1349:موريتانيا
1263:al-Kuwayt
1097:جزر القمر
732:plurality
679:, or the
474:Internet
468:UTC+04:00
464:UTC±00:00
264:Palestine
95:Countries
8486:Category
8428:Islamism
8137:Al-Fatat
7904:Concepts
7671:Ideology
7621:Category
7165:(2015).
7077:(2003).
7050:Edmonton
6996:New York
6932:(1991).
6868:(1995).
6850:: GRIN.
6812:Archived
6767:(2004).
6647:Archived
6623:Archived
6435:5 August
6426:dubai.ae
6397:Archived
6345:Archived
6329:41689317
6309:Cinéaste
6028:Archived
5996:Archived
5937:Archived
5728:(2001).
5610:Archived
5560:Archived
5097:34753527
4799:See also
4746:Djibouti
4687:Crusades
4680:Pyrenees
4672:Carthage
4641:Benghazi
4527:Muhammad
4493:and the
4148:Britain.
4045:European
3850:internet
3835:Baathist
3671:Islamism
3267:emirates
3103:and the
2953:Fatimids
2912:Salihids
2876:Kairouan
2827:1833 AD
2764:Morocco
2749:1613 AD
2697:7250 BC
2671:1821 AD
2664:Khartoum
2562:Country
2530:Violence
2417:and the
2378:made in
2118:Armenian
2114:Assyrian
2106:Maronite
1947:Religion
1799:Comorian
1780:Djibouti
1759:, while
1689:al-Yaman
1569:as-Sūdān
1532:aṣ-Ṣūmāl
1445:Filasṭīn
1234:al-Urdun
1201:al-‘Irāq
1126:Djibouti
1108:Comorian
999:below).
930:Aammiyya
854:Ash-Sham
748:Djibouti
384:Djibouti
8132:Al-Awda
7707:History
7473:Russian
7409:English
7370:Italian
7337:Catalan
7325:Spanish
7224:Carboun
7218:WinArab
7157:2388627
7054:Alberta
6848:Germany
6830:Sources
6406:20 July
6374:9 March
6266:3010963
6037:6 April
6005:6 April
5797:15 June
5607:Eritrea
5182:21 July
5155:1 April
4784:in the
4780:, near
4763:Socotra
4759:monsoon
4722:Red Sea
4715:Melilla
4695:Britain
4653:Maghreb
4637:Tripoli
4613:Senegal
4609:Iceland
4597:annexed
4585:Morocco
4475:Bahrain
4471:Lebanon
4448:Algeria
4438:Maghreb
4426:Maghrib
4421:Maghreb
4415:Mashriq
4372:removed
4357:sources
4296:Please
4252:Algeria
4216:Tunisia
4212:Algeria
4208:Morocco
4181:Algeria
4094:, e.g.
4084:sheikhs
4069:Red Sea
3952:Tunisia
3796:Morocco
3788:Lebanon
3776:Comoros
3768:Tunisia
3756:Lebanon
3721:in 2003
3715:Baghdad
3683:Lebanon
3543:Somalia
3326:Al-Hasa
3279:Al Saud
3148:unified
3133:Algeria
3121:Tunisia
3041:in the
2999:Morocco
2949:Maghreb
2880:Tunisia
2841:History
2801:600 BC
2775:768 AD
2738:Kuwait
2723:331 BC
2686:Jordan
2619:762 AD
2612:Baghdad
2593:969 AD
2468:Tunisia
2456:Morocco
2452:Lebanon
2448:Algeria
2408:Tunisia
2404:Morocco
2400:Algeria
2384:Lebanon
2345:Mashriq
2341:Maghreb
2292:Please
2284:use of
2247:, and
2233:Bahrain
2177:Morocco
2173:Tunisia
2169:Bahrain
2145:Shabaks
2137:Yezidis
2126:Aramean
2078:Lebanon
2039:Lebanon
2031:Bahrain
2019:secular
2011:Shariah
2000:Morocco
1966:updated
1941:Muslims
1891:Maltese
1867:Moorish
1859:Senegal
1843:Bushehr
1809:Eritrea
1795:Comoros
1765:English
1753:Somalia
1618:Tunisia
1575:English
1564:السودان
1527:الصومال
1519:Somalia
1370:Morocco
1279:Lebanon
1207:Kurdish
1089:Comoros
1068:البحرين
1060:Bahrain
1035:الجزائر
1027:Algeria
976:of the
974:members
956:Italian
952:Spanish
940:Mashreq
926:Maghreb
880:Eritrea
776:Maghreb
772:Mashriq
752:Somalia
744:Comoros
738:of the
736:members
709:Nubians
705:Somalis
697:Berbers
675:), the
568:Algiers
524:Baghdad
481:.africa
397:Somalia
371:Comoros
329:Tunisia
238:Morocco
199:Lebanon
134:Bahrain
121:Algeria
84:Demonym
78:$ 6,647
7468:Polish
7426:German
7353:French
7173:
7155:
7140:
7125:
7085:
7064:
7056:: The
7031:
7002:
6980:
6962:
6940:
6919:
6886:
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6785:
6605:
6498:
6464:
6327:
6319:
6290:
6264:
6256:
6192:
6152:
6118:
6083:
5913:
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5820:
5458:(1966)
5436:
5426:
5289:
5209:
5130:
5120:
5095:
5085:
5040:
5013:
4726:Africa
4707:Turkey
4701:, and
4691:France
4664:Sicily
4660:Europe
4593:mostly
4571:Europe
4567:Turkey
4563:Levant
4543:
4533:
4523:
4503:Turkey
4499:Cyprus
4460:Alaska
4185:Brazil
4115:Mossad
3926:After
3905:Jeddah
3869:Kefaya
3819:Jordan
3792:Kuwait
3585:, and
3566:AMISOM
3412:, the
3350:Medina
3342:Muslim
3336:, and
3318:Riyadh
3299:second
3265:, and
3259:tribes
3150:under
3095:: the
3003:Zenata
2968:Nubian
2932:Levant
2896:Levant
2794:Jeddah
2712:Egypt
2660:Sudan
2638:Riyadh
2582:Egypt
2574:Image
2503:, 2011
2406:, and
2396:Kuwait
2249:Jordan
2241:Kuwait
2229:is 78%
2221:UNESCO
2165:exodus
2149:Druzes
2141:Yarsan
2122:Syriac
2102:Coptic
2088:, and
2086:Jordan
2047:Kuwait
2045:, and
1879:Cyprus
1875:Greece
1813:Israel
1784:French
1757:Somali
1737:While
1680:Arabic
1673:
1651:Arabic
1644:
1622:Arabic
1615:
1602:Sūriyā
1593:Arabic
1586:
1560:Arabic
1553:
1538:Somali
1523:Arabic
1516:
1494:Arabic
1487:
1465:Arabic
1458:
1440:فلسطين
1436:Arabic
1429:
1407:Arabic
1400:
1389:Berber
1378:المغرب
1374:Arabic
1367:
1345:Arabic
1338:
1312:Arabic
1305:
1292:Lubnān
1283:Arabic
1276:
1258:الكويت
1254:Arabic
1250:Kuwait
1247:
1229:الأردن
1225:Arabic
1221:Jordan
1218:
1196:العراق
1192:Arabic
1185:
1163:Arabic
1156:
1145:French
1139:Jībūtī
1134:جيبوتي
1130:Arabic
1123:
1112:French
1093:Arabic
1086:
1064:Arabic
1057:
1046:Berber
1031:Arabic
1024:
948:French
944:Berber
915:Darija
884:Israel
866:whose
838:Arabic
717:Arabic
713:groups
628:Arabic
579:Jeddah
535:Riyadh
438:
422:
394:
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368:
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339:
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313:
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186:Kuwait
183:
173:Jordan
170:
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144:
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8232:Fatah
7513:Welsh
7503:Irish
7438:Dutch
7346:Other
6909:Cairo
6675:(PDF)
6668:(PDF)
6400:(PDF)
6393:(PDF)
6325:JSTOR
6262:JSTOR
6031:(PDF)
6024:(PDF)
5999:(PDF)
5992:(PDF)
4904:6 May
4793:Sahel
4767:India
4750:Yemen
4734:Egypt
4711:Ceuta
4703:Italy
4699:Spain
4668:Malta
4649:Italy
4632:Spain
4491:Sahel
4456:India
4452:Sudan
4260:Qatar
4248:Egypt
4204:Egypt
4200:Libya
4166:Egypt
4162:Cairo
4100:Lenin
4080:emirs
4065:Nubia
4053:Syria
4049:Egypt
3956:Libya
3948:Sudan
3944:Egypt
3936:Syria
3811:Syria
3807:Egypt
3734:Yemen
3358:Qatif
3346:Mecca
3338:Hejaz
3295:first
3277:, or
3221:Tunis
3217:Cairo
2957:Sudan
2938:Egypt
2888:Arabs
2820:Dubai
2690:Amman
2608:Iraq
2586:Cairo
2565:City
2559:Rank
2501:Egypt
2464:Syria
2433:Egypt
2426:Egypt
2388:Syria
2380:Egypt
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2245:Qatar
2074:Syria
2070:Egypt
2055:Ibadi
2043:Yemen
2007:Islam
1937:Arabs
1835:Ahvaz
1684:اليمن
1676:Yemen
1631:Tūnis
1597:سوريا
1589:Syria
1556:Sudan
1474:Qaṭar
1461:Qatar
1416:‘Umān
1321:Lībyā
1316:ليبيا
1308:Libya
1287:لبنان
1159:Egypt
860:Malta
728:Arabs
701:Kurds
612:Dubai
601:Sanaa
557:Amman
513:Cairo
485:.asia
355:Yemen
316:Syria
303:Sudan
277:Qatar
212:Libya
147:Egypt
7575:list
7558:list
7546:list
7534:list
7478:list
7443:list
7431:list
7419:list
7385:list
7375:list
7363:list
7330:list
7318:list
7171:ISBN
7153:SSRN
7144:pbk.
7138:ISBN
7123:ISBN
7083:ISBN
7062:ISBN
7029:ISBN
7000:ISBN
6978:ISBN
6960:ISBN
6938:ISBN
6917:ISBN
6884:ISBN
6852:ISBN
6820:2021
6783:ISBN
6750:CIA
6720:2011
6630:MDPI
6603:ISBN
6589:2011
6545:2011
6496:ISBN
6475:2011
6462:ISBN
6437:2019
6408:2017
6376:2020
6317:ISSN
6288:ISBN
6254:ISSN
6224:2018
6203:2013
6190:ISBN
6150:ISBN
6116:ISSN
6081:ISSN
6039:2018
6007:2018
5975:2023
5934:Ch.1
5911:ISBN
5886:ISBN
5818:ISBN
5799:2012
5770:2022
5711:2016
5681:2011
5659:2013
5568:2021
5434:OCLC
5424:ISBN
5403:2011
5374:2011
5345:2023
5298:2022
5287:ISSN
5207:ISBN
5184:2018
5157:2023
5128:OCLC
5118:ISBN
5093:OCLC
5083:ISBN
5038:ISBN
5011:ISBN
4906:2022
4822:MENA
4730:Asia
4728:and
4713:and
4666:and
4569:and
4507:Iran
4505:and
4435:The
4355:any
4353:cite
4250:and
4229:The
4220:MENA
4214:and
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3322:Nejd
3297:and
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3177:and
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2947:The
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2157:Jews
2143:and
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2059:Oman
2035:Shia
2029:and
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1877:and
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1845:and
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1793:The
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1626:تونس
1411:عمان
1403:Oman
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1110:and
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897:Arab
882:and
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750:and
707:and
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687:and
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500:List
251:Oman
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6246:doi
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