Arctic fox - Knowledge

658: 1594:). This population decreased drastically around the start of the 20th century as a result of extreme fur prices, which caused severe hunting also during population lows. The population has remained at a low density for more than 90 years, with additional reductions during the last decade. The total population estimate for 1997 is around 60 adults in Sweden, 11 adults in Finland, and 50 in Norway. From Kola, there are indications of a similar situation, suggesting a population of around 20 adults. The Fennoscandian population thus numbers around 140 breeding adults. Even after local lemming peaks, the Arctic fox population tends to collapse back to levels dangerously close to nonviability. 1235: 45: 458:

gives the fox the smallest surface area to volume ratio and protects the least insulated areas. Arctic foxes also stay warm by getting out of the wind and residing in their dens. Although the Arctic foxes are active year-round and do not hibernate, they attempt to preserve fat by reducing their locomotor activity. They build up their fat reserves in the autumn, sometimes increasing their body weight by more than 50%. This provides greater insulation during the winter and a source of energy when food is scarce.

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feeling pain. They do this by increasing vasodilation and blood flow to a capillary rete in the pad surface, which is in direct contact with the snow rather than the entire foot. They selectively vasoconstrict blood vessels in the center of the foot pad, which conserves energy and minimizes heat loss. Arctic foxes maintain the temperature in their paws independently from the core temperature. If the core temperature drops, the pad of the foot will remain constantly above the tissue freezing point.

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predator evasion and a quick escape especially when red foxes are in the area. Natal dens are typically found in rugged terrain, which may provide more protection for the pups. But, the parents will also relocate litters to nearby dens to avoid predators. When red foxes are not in the region, Arctic foxes will use dens that the red fox previously occupied. Shelter quality is more important to the Arctic fox than the proximity of spring prey to a den.

479: 86: 1419: 1291: 534: 576:. In areas where they are present, lemmings are their most common prey, and a family of foxes can eat dozens of lemmings each day. In some locations in northern Canada, a high seasonal abundance of migrating birds that breed in the area may provide an important food source. On the coast of Iceland and other islands, their diet consists predominantly of birds. During April and May, the Arctic fox also preys on 517:, the frequency of complex social structures is larger than inland foxes that remain monogamous due to food availability. In Scandinavia, there are more complex social structures compared to other populations due to the presence of the red fox. Also, conservationists are supplying the declining population with supplemental food. One unique case, however, is 719:

females. The tail is about 30 cm (12 in) long in both sexes. The height at the shoulder is 25 to 30 cm (9.8 to 11.8 in). On average males weigh 3.5 kg (7.7 lb), with a range of 3.2 to 9.4 kg (7.1 to 20.7 lb), while females average 2.9 kg (6.4 lb), with a range of 1.4 to 3.2 kg (3.1 to 7.1 lb).

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since 2004. However, the Scandinavian mainland population is acutely endangered, despite being legally protected from hunting and persecution for several decades. The estimate of the adult population in all of Norway, Sweden, and Finland is fewer than 200 individuals. Of these, especially in Finland,

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Arctic foxes survive harsh winters and food scarcity by either hoarding food or storing body fat subcutaneously and viscerally. At the beginning of winter, one Arctic fox has approximately 14740 kJ of energy storage from fat alone. Using the lowest BMR value measured in Arctic foxes, an average sized

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The main prey of the Arctic fox in the tundra are lemmings, which is why the white fox is often called the "lemming fox". The white fox's reproduction rates reflect the lemming population density, which cyclically fluctuates every 3–5 years. When lemmings are abundant, the white fox can give birth to

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Arctic foxes closer to goose colonies (located at the coasts) are less likely to migrate. Meanwhile, foxes experiencing low-density lemming populations are more likely to make sea ice trips. Residency is common in the Arctic fox population so that they can maintain their territories. Migratory foxes

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of Arctic fox fur in the summer and winter is the same; however, the thermal conductance of the Arctic fox in the winter is lower than the summer since fur thickness increases by 140%. In the summer, the thermal conductance of the Arctic foxes body is 114% higher than the winter, but their body core

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About 22% of the total body surface area of the Arctic fox dissipates heat readily compared to red foxes at 33%. The regions that have the greatest heat loss are the nose, ears, legs, and feet, which is useful in the summer for thermal heat regulation. Also, the Arctic fox has a beneficial mechanism

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and both parents will care for the offspring. When predators and prey are abundant, Arctic foxes are more likely to be promiscuous (exhibited in both males and females) and display more complex social structures. Larger packs of foxes consisting of breeding or non-breeding males or females can guard

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During the winter, 95.5% of Arctic foxes utilize commuting trips, which remain within the fox's home range. Commuting trips in Arctic foxes last less than 3 days and occur between 0–2.9 times a month. Nomadism is found in 3.4% of the foxes, and loop migrations (where the fox travels to a new range,

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eggs at a rate of 2.7–7.3 eggs/h and store 80–97% of them. Scats provide evidence that they eat the eggs during the winter after caching. Isotope analysis shows that eggs can still be eaten after a year, and the metabolizable energy of a stored goose egg only decreases by 11% after 60 days; a fresh

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between 125 Hz–16 kHz with a sensitivity that is ≤ 60 dB in air, and an average peak sensitivity of 24 dB at 4 kHz. Overall, the Arctic foxes hearing is less sensitive than the dog and the kit fox. The Arctic fox and the kit fox have a low upper-frequency limit compared to

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Arctic foxes tend to select dens that are easily accessible with many entrances, and that are clear from snow and ice making it easier to burrow in. The Arctic fox builds and chooses dens that face southward towards the sun, which makes the den warmer. Arctic foxes prefer large, maze-like dens for

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and total BMR are 37% and 27% lower in the winter than the summer. The Arctic fox decreases its BMR via metabolic depression in the winter to conserve fat storage and minimize energy requirements. According to the most recent data, the lower critical temperature of the Arctic fox is at −7 °C

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Arctic foxes must endure a temperature difference of up to 90–100 °C (160–180 °F) between the external environment and their internal core temperature. To prevent heat loss, the Arctic fox curls up tightly tucking its legs and head under its body and behind its furry tail. This position

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As with many other game species, the best sources of historical and large-scale population data are hunting bag records and questionnaires. Several potential sources of error occur in such data collections. In addition, numbers vary widely between years due to the large population fluctuations.

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The Arctic fox also has a keen sense of smell. They can smell carcasses that are often left by polar bears anywhere from 10 to 40 km (6.2 to 24.9 mi). It is possible that they use their sense of smell to also track down polar bears. Additionally, Arctic foxes can smell and find frozen

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One way that Arctic foxes regulate their body temperature is by utilizing a countercurrent heat exchange in the blood of their legs. Arctic foxes can constantly keep their feet above the tissue freezing point (−1 °C (30 °F)) when standing on cold substrates without losing mobility or

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The average head-and-body length of the male is 55 cm (22 in), with a range of 46 to 68 cm (18 to 27 in), while the female averages 52 cm (20 in) with a range of 41 to 55 cm (16 to 22 in). In some regions, no difference in size is seen between males and

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to living in cold environments, and is best known for its thick, warm fur that is also used as camouflage. It has a large and very fluffy tail. In the wild, most individuals do not live past their first year but some exceptional ones survive up to 11 years. Its body length ranges from 46 to

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then returns to its home range) are the least common at 1.1%. Arctic foxes in Canada that undergo nomadism and migrations voyage from the Canadian archipelago to Greenland and northwestern Canada. The duration and distance traveled between males and females is not significantly different.

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In the spring, the Arctic fox's attention switches to reproduction and a home for their potential offspring. They live in large dens in frost-free, slightly raised ground. These are complex systems of tunnels covering as much as 1,000 m (11,000 sq ft) and are often in

1217:(5.3–2.6 MYA). It is believed that this ancient fox is the ancestor of the modern Arctic fox. Globally, the Pliocene was about 2–3 °C warmer than today, and the Arctic during the summer in the mid-Pliocene was 8 °C warmer. By using stable carbon and oxygen 1396:

The color of the fox's coat also determines where they are most likely to be found. The white morph mainly lives inland and blends in with the snowy tundra, while the blue morph occupies the coasts because its dark color blends in with the cliffs and rocks.

2946: 1507:, because even though the animal was declared a protected species in Finland in 1940, the population has not recovered despite that. As a result, the populations of Arctic fox have been carefully studied and inventoried in places such as the 2491:

Våge, D.I.; Fuglei, E.; Snipstad, K.; Beheim, J.; Landsem, V.M.; Klungland, H. (2005). "Two cysteine substitutions in the MC1R generate the blue variant of the arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) and prevent expression of the white winter coat".

1552:—the camouflage value of its lighter coat decreases with less snow cover. Red foxes dominate where their ranges begin to overlap by killing Arctic foxes and their kits. An alternative explanation of the red fox's gains involves the 661:

Arctic fox lying in grass. A fox's thick winter coat helps keep its body temperature near 38 °C (100 °F). Foxes also have fur on the soles of their feet and reduced blood flow to their legs to help keep them

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pairs during the breeding season and they stay together to raise their young in complex underground dens. Occasionally, other family members may assist in raising their young. Natural predators of the Arctic fox are

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analysis of fossils, researchers claim that the Tibetan Plateau experienced tundra-like conditions during the Pliocene and harbored cold-adapted mammals that later spread to North America and Eurasia during the

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18 pups, but they often do not reproduce when food is scarce. The "coastal fox" or blue fox lives in an environment where food availability is relatively consistent, and they will have up to 5 pups every year.

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Wang, X.; Wang, Y.; Li, Q.; Tseng, Z.J.; Takeuchi, G.T.; Deng, T.; Xie, G.; Chang, M.M. & Wang, N. (2015). "Cenozoic vertebrate evolution and paleoenvironment in Tibetan Plateau: Progress and prospects".

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Fuglesteg, B.; Haga, Ø.E.; Folkow, L.P.; Fuglei, E. & Blix, A.S. (2006). "Seasonal variations in basal metabolic rate, lower critical temperature and responses to temporary starvation in the arctic fox

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the domestic dog and other carnivores. The Arctic fox can easily hear lemmings burrowing under 4-5 inches of snow. When it has located its prey, it pounces and punches through the snow to catch its prey.

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where monogamy is the most prevalent. The older offspring (1-year-olds) often remain within their parent's territory even though predators are absent and there are fewer resources, which may indicate

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Noren, K.; Hersteinsson, P.; Samelius, G.; Eide, N.E.; Fuglei, E.; Elmhagen, B.; Dalén, L.; Meijer, T. & Angerbjörn, A. (2012). "From monogamy to complexity: social organization of arctic foxes (

632:, as evidenced by its generally compact body shape, short muzzle and legs, and short, thick ears. Since less of its surface area is exposed to the Arctic cold, less heat escapes from its body. 3369: 1326:

southwest of Alaska. However, the population on the Aleutian Islands is currently being eradicated in conservation efforts to preserve the local bird population. It mostly inhabits tundra and

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The Arctic fox has a circumpolar distribution and occurs in Arctic tundra habitats in northern Europe, northern Asia, and North America. Its range includes Greenland, Iceland, Fennoscandia,

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a single territory more proficiently to increase pup survival. When resources are scarce, competition increases and the number of foxes in a territory decreases. On the coasts of

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The Arctic fox lives in some of the most frigid extremes on the planet, but they do not start to shiver until the temperature drops to −70 °C (−94 °F). Among its

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Klir, J. & Heath, J. (1991). "An Infrared Thermographic Study of Surface Temperature in Relation to External Thermal Stress in Three Species of Foxes: The Red Fox (

609:, which provides excellent insulation. Additionally, the Arctic fox is the only canid whose foot pads are covered in fur. There are two genetically distinct coat color 3058: 2585: 3107: 3267:

Lai, S.; Bety, J.; Berteaux, D. (2017). "Movement tactics of a mobile predator in a meta-ecosystem with fluctuating resources: the arctic fox in the High Arctic".

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caused by an ear tick introduced by dogs in the 1970s. The population is currently under treatment with antiparasitic drugs, but the result is still uncertain.

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Stansbury, A.; Thomas, J.A.; Stalf, C.E.; Murphy, L.D.; Lombardi, D.; Carpenter, J. & Mueller, T. (2014). "Behavioral audiogram of two Arctic foxes (

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Gallant, D.; Reid, D.G.; Slough, B.G.; Berteaux, D. (2014). "Natal den selection by sympatric arctic and red foxes on Herschel Island, Yukon, Canada".

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pups when the young animals are confined to a snow den and are relatively helpless. They also consume berries and seaweed, so they may be considered

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Careau, V.; Giroux, J.F.; Gauthier, G. & Berteaux, D. (2008). "Surviving on cached foods — the energetics of egg-caching by Arctic foxes".

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Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I

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stopped working. She averaged just over 46 km (29 mi) a day, and managed as much as 155 km (96 mi) in a single day.

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contains an exhibition on the Arctic fox and conducts studies on the influence of tourism on the population. Its range during the last

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The pelts of Arctic foxes with a slate-blue coloration were especially valuable. They were transported to various previously fox-free

1518:(a 3- to 4-year cycle). The populations are especially vulnerable during the years when the prey population crashes, and uncontrolled 1362:

in Alaska. They are found at elevations up to 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level and have been seen on sea ice close to the

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lemmings under 46–77 cm (18–30 in) of snow, and can detect a subnivean seal lair under 150 cm (59 in) of snow.

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cause the blue color and the lack of seasonal color change. The fur of the Arctic fox provides the best insulation of any mammal.

9593: 9396: 2303: 2001: 1213:) from the early Pliocene (5.08–3.6 MYA) were found along with many other precursors of modern mammals that evolved during the 1812: 1785: 9694: 9487: 9440: 3493: 3466: 3439: 3195: 2895: 2393: 2361: 2334: 1863: 1766:"Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition. I. Descriptions of twenty-six new mammals from Alaska and British North America" 1564:. In areas of northern Europe, programs are in place that allow the hunting of red foxes in the Arctic fox's previous range. 9598: 9401: 9704: 3027: 2579: 588:

fox of 3.5 kg (7.7 lb) would need 471 kJ/day during the winter to survive. In Canada, Arctic foxes acquire from

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during the 1920s. The program was successful in terms of increasing the population of blue foxes, but their predation of

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Henshaw, R.; Underwood, L.; Casey, T. (1972). "Peripheral Thermoregulation: Foot Temperature in Two Arctic Canines".

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have a mortality rate >3 times higher than resident foxes. Nomadic behavior becomes more common as the foxes age.

2678:"Spatio–temporal hotspots of satellite– tracked arctic foxes reveal a large detection range in a mammalian predator" 1845: 9526: 9466: 3658: 1508: 5471: 2353:

Furs and frontiers in the far north: the contest among native and foreign nations for the Bering Strait fur trade

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is dominant over the white allele, 99% of the Arctic fox population is the white morph. Two similar mutations to

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in their nose for evaporative cooling like dogs, which keeps the brain cool during the summer and exercise. The

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The world population of Arctic foxes is thus not endangered, but two Arctic fox subpopulations are. One is on

9669: 9611: 7689: 584:. This fox is a significant bird-egg predator, consuming eggs of all except the largest tundra bird species. 3095: 3046: 1187:) diverged approximately 3.17MYA. Additionally, the Arctic fox diverged from its sister group, the kit fox ( 9644: 629: 1568:

However, the total population of the Arctic fox must be in the order of several hundred thousand animals.

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in much of its former range, the red fox population has grown larger, and it has taken over the niche of

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egg has about 816 kJ. Eggs stored in the summer are accessed the following spring prior to reproduction.

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The abundance of the Arctic fox tends to fluctuate in a cycle along with the population of lemmings and

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regions. These dens may be in existence for many decades and are used by many generations of foxes.

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68 cm (18 to 27 in), with a generally rounded body shape to minimize the escape of

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The Arctic fox contains advantageous genes to overcome extreme cold and starvation periods.

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The origins of the Arctic fox have been described by the "out of Tibet" hypothesis. On the

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Garrott, R. A.; Eberhardt, L. E. (1987). "Arctic fox". In Novak, M.; et al. (eds.).

3431: 2545: 1841: 1610: 1374: 744: 614: 509: 505:). The young emerge from the den when 3 to 4 weeks old and are weaned by 9 weeks of age. 413: 362: 53: 6278: 3713: 3280: 3138: 2991: 2807: 2693: 2619: 2452: 2137: 2042: 1970: 926: 9297: 9023: 8250: 7772: 7462: 7185: 7158: 6421: 6163: 6015: 5118: 5010: 4910: 4850: 4235: 4171: 3848: 3743: 3659:"Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 2003 – Schedule 2 Prohibited new organisms" 3099: 3050: 2835: 2819: 2768: 2741: 2712: 2677: 2631: 2527: 2426: 2261: 2253: 2201: 2193: 2149: 2054: 1984: 1777: 1209: 674: 247: 103: 2291: 9567: 9500: 9318: 8902: 8819: 8599: 8095: 8062: 6986: 6493: 6215: 5997: 5851: 5725: 5609: 4962: 4792: 4750: 4697: 4477: 4459: 4217: 3691: 3545: 3489: 3462: 3435: 3404: 3311: 3191: 3103: 3054: 3005: 2938: 2908: 2891: 2827: 2773: 2717: 2656: 2592:. Department of Environment and Conservation, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador 2519: 2389: 2357: 2330: 1988: 1979: 1950: 1869: 1859: 1576: 1487: 1014: 2839: 2635: 2430: 2265: 2205: 2153: 2058: 1393:

remains of the Arctic fox have been found over much of northern Europe and Siberia.

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is about 52 days. Litters may contain as many as 25 (the largest litter size in the

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The Arctic fox is the only land mammal native to Iceland. It came to the isolated

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The Arctic fox's seasonal furs, summer (top), "blue" (middle), and winter (bottom)

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A sleeping Arctic fox with its fluffy tail wrapped around itself and over its face

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Claudio Sillero-Zubiri, Michael Hoffmann and David W. Macdonald (eds.) (2004).

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The Arctic fox is classed as a "prohibited new organism" under New Zealand's

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in 21 days, a distance of 1,512 km (940 mi). She then moved on to

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tracking device and then released by their researchers on the east coast of

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group of islands. The young fox crossed the polar ice from the islands to

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Population fluctuations and life history consequences in the Arctic fox

2906: 2823: 1557: 1363: 1319: 1311: 1243: 1029: 904: 689:, while AKT2 pertains to the glucose metabolism and insulin signaling. 670: 602: 589: 569: 561: 426: 373: 9375: 3585:"The Mednyi Arctic foxes: treating a population imperilled by disease" 3288: 2098: 1951:"Difference in diet and age structure of blue and white Arctic foxes ( 1183:

Looking at the most recent phylogeny, the Arctic fox and the red fox (

8917: 8852: 8465: 8405: 8191: 8012: 7627: 7619: 7568: 7418: 7304: 7286: 7000: 6834: 6667: 6509: 6475: 6287: 5979: 5253: 4723: 4199: 3767: 3403:(in Finnish). Vantaa: Suomen luonnonsuojelun tuki. pp. 95, 190. 3398: 3025: 2386:

The natural history of an Arctic oil field: development and the biota

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Arctic foxes generally eat any small animal they can find, including

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Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Conservation

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Kumar, V.; Kutschera, V.E.; Nilsson, M.A. & Janke, A. (2015).

1858:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532–628. 743:, which consists of 12 extant species. It is classified under the 9606: 9336: 8996: 8843: 8717: 8432: 7944: 7274: 6740: 6296: 6260: 6127: 6095: 6079: 5592: 5295: 4874: 4355: 4262: 4180: 4108: 4050: 4027: 3920: 2973: 2907:

Bininda-Emonds, O.R.P.; Gittleman, J.L. & Purvis, A. (1999).

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Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

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Smithsonian Institution – North American Mammals: Vulpes lagopus

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reported the story of a yearling female which was fitted with a

533: 9100: 9047: 8792: 8480: 8214: 6934: 6595: 6430: 6187: 5624: 4396: 4322: 4271: 4253: 4226: 4147: 4009: 3792: 3780: 1482: 1467: 1390: 1315: 1204: 1149: 732: 618: 606: 538: 358: 180: 150: 130: 3539: 2388:. San Diego, San Francisco: Academic Press. pp. 159–178. 2289: 9082: 8941: 8884: 8757: 8560: 8417: 8044: 8026: 7649: 7319: 6568: 6553: 5214: 4505: 4000: 3123: 1637: 1580: 1331: 1306:(where it was hunted to extinction) and other islands in the 1157: 761: 573: 468: 369: 3184:

Feldhamer, George A.; Thompson, B.C.; Chapman, J.A. (2003).

471:, long ridges of sedimentary material deposited in formerly 8456: 7352: 6677: 6613: 4286: 4018: 3876: 3583:

Goltsman, M.; Kruchenkova, E. P.; MacDonald, D. W. (1996).

3542:

Wild furbearer management and conservation in North America

3475: 3304:"An Arctic Fox's Epic Journey: Norway to Canada in 76 Days" 1515: 1173: 622: 557: 553: 549: 389: 3376:(in Finnish). Metsähallitus. 1 August 2011. Archived from 6586: 6195: 4523: 1819: 1447: 1250:, four other subspecies of this fox have been described: 354: 3572:. Stockholm, Sweden: Dissertation, Stockholm University. 3482:

Macdonald, David Whyte; Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio (2004).

2490: 3096:

10.1644/1545-1410(2002)714<0001:VZ>2.0.CO;2

3047:

10.1644/1545-1410(2002)713<0001:AL>2.0.CO;2

3026:

Audet, A.M.; Robbins, C.B. & Larivière, S. (2002).

1322:. In the late 19th century, it was introduced into the 494:

Breeding usually takes place in April and May, and the

3401:

Sammuuko suuri suku? – Luonnon puolustamisen biologiaa

1601:, preventing it from being imported into the country. 757:. Although it has previously been assigned to its own 3620:. Uppsala, Sweden: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. 2793: 2172:

Prestrud, P. (1991). "Adaptations by the Arctic Fox (

1541:

conflicted with the goal of preserving that species.

384:

The Arctic fox preys on many small creatures such as

7417: 4813: 605:

for survival in the cold is its dense, multilayered

3344:"Scientists 'speechless' at Arctic fox's epic trek" 2546:"Adaptations by the arctic fox to the polar winter" 1805:

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington

3544:. Ontario Trappers Association. pp. 395–406. 1511:(Sweden), which has the Arctic fox as its symbol. 3633:"Dynamics of the Arctic fox population in Sweden" 1770:Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences 9626: 5213: 2967: 1948: 408:, berries, seaweed, and insects and other small 26:"White fox" redirects here. For other uses, see 3567: 3266: 2675: 2349: 1599:Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 3630: 3563: 3561: 3423: 3399:Olli Järvinen & Kaarina Miettinen (1987). 2959:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 ( 1586:The other threatened population is the one in 1544:The Arctic fox is losing ground to the larger 6077: 3918: 3751: 3074: 2789: 2787: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2676:Lai, S.; Bety, J. & Berteaux, D. (2015). 2343: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2024: 2022: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1638:Angerbjörn, A. & Tannerfeldt, M. (2014). 683:V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2 3765: 3731:https://www.britannica.com/animal/Arctic-fox 3615: 1663:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-2.RLTS.T899A57549321.en 1389:was much more extensive than it is now, and 3709:State of the Environment Norway: Arctic fox 3558: 3485:The biology and conservation of wild canids 3454: 2379: 2290:Angerbjörn, A.; Berteaux, D.; I.R. (2012). 1285: 3938: 3758: 3744: 3624: 3448: 3260: 2784: 2728: 2212: 2160: 2105: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2019: 1935: 1840: 1792: 1677: 1522:has almost eradicated two subpopulations. 572:, and in times of scarcity also eat their 233: 84: 62: 43: 8161: 4650: 3833: 3600: 3177: 3068: 2999: 2924: 2890:. Simon & Schuster/Touchstone Books, 2767: 2757: 2711: 2701: 2575: 2573: 2513: 2384:. In Truett, J.C.; Johnson, S.R. (eds.). 2375: 2373: 2324: 2223: 1978: 1661: 6507: 3609: 3576: 3519:Global Biodiversity Information Facility 3021: 3019: 2900: 2484: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2171: 1955:) in the Disko Bay area, West Greenland" 1949:Pagh, S. & Hersteinsson, P. (2008). 1524: 1481: 1429: 1289: 1233: 775:along with the majority of other foxes. 673:has identified two genes that are under 656: 532: 477: 448: 5581: 4344: 3865: 3533: 3488:. Oxford University Press. p. 10. 3336: 3204: 2888:Simon & Schuster's Guide to Mammals 2472:Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs 2327:Biology and Conservation of Wild Canids 2285: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2065: 1825: 1798: 1763: 1711: 730:is a 'true fox' belonging to the genus 9627: 8674: 6910: 3647:from the original on 24 February 2014. 3301: 3113:from the original on 23 December 2011. 2974:Lindblad-Toh, K.; et al. (2005). 2570: 2370: 1836: 1834: 1633: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1477: 613:: white and blue. The white morph has 9244: 9243: 8148: 7605: 6909: 6061: 5196: 4637: 3817: 3739: 3248:from the original on 10 February 2011 3016: 2648: 2538: 2437: 2356:. Yale University Press. p. 41. 1503:the Arctic fox is even classified as 1207:of the extinct ancestral Arctic fox ( 635: 9612:176C5AEA-2ECE-418D-ADDD-8C00DD1D3EEA 3631:Angerbjörn, A.; et al. (1995). 2306:from the original on 11 October 2014 2272: 1746: 1728:from the original on 8 November 2012 1494:The Arctic fox has been assessed as 771:evidence now places it in the genus 706:temperature is constant year-round. 482:Pups of Arctic fox with summer morph 9635:IUCN Red List least concern species 5128:South African small-spotted genet ( 2949:from the original on 15 April 2014. 2864:. 10 September 2010. Archived from 2300:Arctic report card: Update for 2012 1894:. 10 September 2010. Archived from 1831: 1649:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1622: 13: 3690:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. 3680: 2846: 2481:. IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group. 1918:"Arctic fox | mammal | Britannica" 1888:"Arctic Fox | National Geographic" 1815:from the original on 4 March 2018. 1788:from the original on 4 March 2018. 1330:, but is also present in Canadian 1310:, northern Russia, islands in the 685:(AKT2). GLTPD1 is involved in the 537:An Arctic fox (summer morph) with 14: 9726: 5472:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose ( 3719:Photo Gallery by islandsmyndir.is 3702: 3665:from the original on 16 June 2012 3064:from the original on 8 June 2011. 2558:from the original on 4 March 2016 681:domain containing 1 (GLTPD1) and 5197: 3688:Walker's Carnivores of the World 3160:The isolated beauty of Jan Mayen 2302:. NOAA Arctic Research Program. 1980:10.1111/j.1751-8369.2008.00042.x 1417: 1402: 1226:(2.6 million-11,700 years ago). 640:The Arctic fox has a functional 107: 7606: 4638: 3651: 3618:Fjällrävsstammen i Sverige 1926 3502: 3417: 3392: 3362: 3295: 3234: 3190:. JHU Press. pp. 511–540. 3165: 3153: 3117: 2880: 2669: 2642: 2595: 2464: 2402: 2318: 2007: 2004:at Fisheries and Land Resources 1995: 1910: 1377:, walking over the frozen sea. 1125:It was originally described by 461: 8149: 3461:. Academic Press. p. 63. 3218:. iww.is. 2000. Archived from 2506:10.1016/j.peptides.2004.11.040 2250:10.1086/physzool.65.5.30158555 2085:) in contrasting ecosystems". 1880: 1757: 1740: 1705: 1590:(Norway, Sweden, Finland, and 1548:. This has been attributed to 596: 1: 4884:Malabar large-spotted civet ( 1616: 1509:Vindelfjällens Nature Reserve 1409:Arctic fox in winter pelage, 1318:, and Canada as far south as 1229: 1160:for "fox". The specific name 652: 9695:Mammals of the United States 9146:Indonesian mountain weasel ( 8802:North American river otter ( 7690:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk ( 4744:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii 3342: 2816:10.1126/science.175.4025.988 2325:MacDonald, David W. (2004). 1750:Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte 1238:Blue phase, Pribilof Islands 630:surface area to volume ratio 7: 9705:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 6007:Somalian slender mongoose ( 3174:. Nature Conservancy Canada 2937:(inactive 31 August 2024). 2411:Canadian Journal of Zoology 2329:. Oxford University Press. 2087:Canadian Journal of Zoology 1604: 722: 679:Glycolipid transfer protein 508:Arctic foxes are primarily 444: 21:Arctic fox (disambiguation) 10: 9731: 9715:Habitats Directive species 9640:NatureServe secure species 8960:Asian small-clawed otter ( 7699:American hog-nosed skunk ( 7681:Molina's hog-nosed skunk ( 5989:Angolan slender mongoose ( 5684:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose ( 4733:Small-toothed palm civet ( 3661:. New Zealand Government. 1194: 692:The average mass specific 365:and common throughout the 28:White Fox (disambiguation) 25: 18: 9655:Mammals described in 1758 9542: 9252: 9045: 8994: 8985: 8939: 8915: 8882: 8865: 8841: 8790: 8773: 8756: 8727:Saharan striped polecat ( 8715: 8698: 8657: 8612: 8595: 8586: 8577: 8478: 8454: 8430: 8413: 8404: 8327: 8272: 8230: 8213: 8189: 8172: 8157: 8144: 8116: 8075: 8042: 8025: 7966: 7916: 7883: 7866: 7857: 7794: 7753: 7720: 7708:Striped hog-nosed skunk ( 7661: 7640: 7618: 7614: 7601: 7537: 7520: 7479: 7451: 7439:Mediterranean monk seal ( 7434: 7400: 7350: 7317: 7282: 7273: 7247: 7230: 7211: 7168:Juan Fernández fur seal ( 7132:South American fur seal ( 7120: 7103: 7079: 7067:South American sea lion ( 7062: 7025: 7008: 6999: 6975: 6947: 6925: 6921: 6905: 6869: 6842: 6833: 6774: 6748: 6739: 6715: 6691: 6676: 6665: 6566: 6540: 6492: 6449:South American gray fox ( 6419: 6393: 6369: 6352: 6337: 6322: 6185: 6152: 6135: 6126: 6093: 6073: 6057: 6025:Common slender mongoose ( 5977: 5935: 5891: 5795: 5769: 5760: 5705: 5672: 5655: 5622: 5605: 5572: 5551: 5510: 5498:Narrow-striped mongoose ( 5493: 5460: 5443: 5434: 5397: 5371: 5362: 5345: 5329: 5293: 5267: 5252: 5228: 5209: 5205: 5192: 5160: 5156: 5020:Crested servaline genet ( 4975: 4936: 4927: 4872: 4846: 4831: 4809: 4763: 4719: 4710: 4661: 4646: 4633: 4601: 4503: 4439: 4422: 4413: 4385: 4368: 4335: 4284: 4197: 4160: 4143: 4134: 4097: 4073: 4064: 4048: 3980: 3947: 3934: 3914: 3861: 3844: 3829: 3813: 3775: 3686:Nowak, Ronald M. (2005). 3637:Annales Zoologici Fennici 3602:10.1017/S0030605300021748 2935:10.1017/S0006323199005307 2759:10.1186/s12864-015-1724-9 2703:10.1186/s40462-015-0065-2 2628:10.1007/s00300-014-1446-5 2477:23 September 2015 at the 2146:10.1007/s00300-005-0054-9 2051:10.1007/s00300-013-1434-1 1444:Norwegian Polar Institute 1373:island at the end of the 1356:Newfoundland and Labrador 1246:, the common Arctic fox, 1091: 1084: 1060: 1027: 1012: 1005: 981: 939: 924: 917: 902: 895: 871: 847: 832: 825: 818: 811: 804: 797: 790: 783: 628:The Arctic fox has a low 253: 246: 241: 232: 209: 202: 104:Scientific classification 102: 82: 60: 51: 42: 37: 9680:Mammals of North America 9083:Stoat/Beringian ermine ( 8951:African clawless otter ( 8703:African striped weasel ( 8516:Yellow-throated marten ( 8392:Formosan ferret-badger ( 8096:Western mountain coati ( 8087:Eastern mountain coati ( 8004:Western lowland olingo ( 7986:Eastern lowland olingo ( 7814:Southern spotted skunk ( 7508:Southern elephant seal ( 7499:Northern elephant seal ( 7289:Pagophilus groenlandicus 6066:("dog-like" carnivorans) 5879:Stripe-necked mongoose ( 5500:Mungotictis decemlineata 4375:Herpailurus yagouaroundi 3822:("cat-like" carnivorans) 3568:Tannerfeldt, M. (1997). 3427:Ecology of North America 3147:10.1016/j.gr.2014.10.014 2350:Bockstoce, J.R. (2009). 2176:) to the Polar Winter". 1852:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). 1286:Distribution and habitat 353:, is a small species of 9128:Yellow-bellied weasel ( 8383:Burmese ferret-badger ( 8365:Chinese ferret-badger ( 8356:Bornean ferret badger ( 8347:Vietnam ferret-badger ( 7832:Eastern spotted skunk ( 7823:Western spotted skunk ( 7553:Leptonychotes weddellii 7195:Subantarctic fur seal ( 7141:Australasian fur seal ( 5965:Black-footed mongoose ( 5947:Bushy-tailed mongoose ( 5896:White-tailed mongoose ( 5834:Indian brown mongoose ( 5816:Short-tailed mongoose ( 5807:Small Indian mongoose ( 5744:Flat-headed kusimanse ( 5717:Alexander's kusimanse ( 5693:Common dwarf mongoose ( 5660:Pousargues's mongoose ( 5522:Brown-tailed mongoose ( 5481:Grandidier's mongoose ( 4735:Arctogalidia trivirgata 3959:Sunda clouded leopard ( 3424:Bolen, Eric G. (1998). 3242:"The Arctic Fox Center" 2649:Perry, Richard (1973). 2551:. Arctic, vol.44 no.2. 1801:"Four New Arctic Foxes" 713: 528: 8969:Congo clawless otter ( 8872:Hydrictis maculicollis 8870:Spotted-necked otter ( 8829:Southern river otter ( 8780:Pteronura brasiliensis 8543:European pine marten ( 8054:South American coati ( 7782:Palawan stink badger ( 7108:New Zealand sea lion ( 6173:Japanese raccoon dog ( 5870:Crab-eating mongoose ( 5825:Indian grey mongoose ( 5448:Ring-tailed vontsira ( 5259:(bone-crushing hyenas) 4954:Central African oyan ( 4515:Chinese mountain cat ( 3458:Climate Change Biology 3075:Larivière, S. (2002). 2016:at National Geographic 1799:Merriam, C.H. (1902). 1764:Merriam, C.H. (1900). 1530: 1491: 1295: 1263:Greenland Arctic fox, 1239: 663: 541: 483: 454: 9700:Mammals of the Arctic 9209:Back-striped weasel ( 9155:Black-footed ferret ( 8927:Smooth-coated otter ( 8705:Poecilogale albinucha 8374:Javan ferret-badger ( 8260:Sumatran hog badger ( 8242:Northern hog badger ( 7936:Crab-eating raccoon ( 7841:Pygmy spotted skunk ( 7562:Lobodon carcinophagus 7298:Histriophoca fasciata 7091:Australian sea lion ( 7037:California sea lion ( 6786:American black bear ( 6528:Black-backed jackal ( 6519:Side-striped jackal ( 6359:Chrysocyon brachyurus 5783:Long-nosed mongoose ( 5056:Rusty-spotted genet ( 4893:Large-spotted civet ( 4742:Sulawesi palm civet ( 4671:Owston's palm civet ( 4245:Andean mountain cat ( 3727:on Sealife Collection 3616:Lönnberg, E. (1927). 2458:13 March 2015 at the 2238:Physiological Zoology 1539:Aleutian Canada geese 1528: 1505:critically endangered 1485: 1430:Migrations and travel 1379:The Arctic Fox Center 1293: 1242:Besides the nominate 1237: 687:fatty acid metabolism 660: 536: 481: 452: 341:), also known as the 263:(Linnaeus, 1758) 9670:Mammals of Greenland 9024:Long-tailed weasel ( 8602:Lyncodon patagonicus 8251:Greater hog badger ( 7773:Sunda stink badger ( 7463:Hawaiian monk seal ( 7186:Guadalupe fur seal ( 7159:Antarctic fur seal ( 7150:Galápagos fur seal ( 7046:Galápagos sea lion ( 6164:Common raccoon dog ( 6016:Cape gray mongoose ( 5956:Jackson's mongoose ( 5916:Paracynictis selousi 5907:Cynictis penicillata 5531:Durrell's vontsira ( 5119:Giant forest genet ( 4911:Large Indian civet ( 4851:Small Indian civet ( 4460:Sunda leopard cat ( 4236:Southern tiger cat ( 4172:African golden cat ( 3849:African palm civet ( 3455:Hannah, Lee (2010). 2886:Boitani, L. (1984). 2588:5 March 2016 at the 2380:Burgess, R. (2000). 1712:Linnæus, C. (1758). 1486:Drawing of skull by 1269:Iceland Arctic fox, 1257:Islands Arctic fox, 1191:), at about 0.9MYA. 703:thermal conductivity 412:. Arctic foxes form 308:Vulpes pribilofensis 287:Bechstein, 1799 279:Bechstein, 1799 19:For other uses, see 9645:Arctic land animals 9067:M. aistoodonnivalis 8903:Hairy-nosed otter ( 8820:Neotropical otter ( 8600:Patagonian weasel ( 8063:White-nosed coati ( 7263:Cystophora cristata 7254:Erignathus barbatus 6987:Northern fur seal ( 6764:Helarctos malayanus 6400:Atelocynus microtis 6107:U. cinereoargenteus 5998:Egyptian mongoose ( 5925:Rhynchogale melleri 5923:Meller's mongoose ( 5914:Selous's mongoose ( 5898:Ichneumia albicauda 5852:Collared mongoose ( 5726:Angolan kusimanse ( 5610:Liberian mongoose ( 4963:West African oyan ( 4862:Civettictis civetta 4793:Golden palm civet ( 4751:Masked palm civet ( 4726:Arctictis binturong 4700:Hemigalus derbyanus 4698:Banded palm civet ( 4689:Hose's palm civet ( 4478:Rusty-spotted cat ( 3432:John Wiley and Sons 3380:on 14 December 2011 3302:Specia, M. (2019). 3281:2017Oikos.126..937L 3139:2015GondR..27.1335W 3001:10.1038/nature04338 2992:2005Natur.438..803L 2862:National Geographic 2808:1972Sci...175..988H 2694:2015MvEco...3...37L 2620:2014PoBio..37..417S 2190:10.14430/arctic1529 2138:2006PoBio..29..308F 2043:2014PoBio..37..333G 1971:2008PolRe..27...44P 1828:, pp. 171–172. 1656:: e.T899A57549321. 1611:Arctic rabies virus 1478:Conservation status 1280:V. l. pribilofensis 1152:. The generic name 1144:was recovered from 615:seasonal camouflage 363:Northern Hemisphere 284:Canis groenlandicus 271:Linnaeus, 1758 54:Conservation status 9675:Mammals of Iceland 9182:European polecat ( 9015:Colombian weasel ( 8665:(African polecats) 8293:Caucasian badger ( 8221:(Eurasian badgers) 7671:(hog-nosed skunks) 7408:("southern seals") 7307:Halichoerus grypus 7238:("northern seals") 7110:Phocarctos hookeri 7015:Eumetopias jubatus 7013:Steller sea lion ( 6795:Asian black bear ( 6545:African wild dog ( 6499:(wolf-like canids) 5776:Atilax paludinosus 5735:Common kusimanse ( 5662:Dologale dybowskii 5634:Gambian mongoose ( 5418:Western falanouc ( 5409:Eastern falanouc ( 5378:Cryptoprocta ferox 5283:Parahyaena brunnea 5038:Johnston's genet ( 4993:Abyssinian genet ( 4945:(African linsangs) 4853:Viverricula indica 4784:Brown palm civet ( 4775:Asian palm civet ( 4682:Cynogale bennettii 4673:Chrotogale owstoni 4569:European wildcat ( 4560:Black-footed cat ( 4150:Leptailurus serval 4118:Asian golden cat ( 3884:(Asiatic linsangs) 3308:The New York Times 2913:Biological Reviews 2124:) from Svalbard". 1922:www.britannica.com 1898:on 5 November 2016 1531: 1492: 1442:In July 2019, the 1296: 1265:V. l. foragoapusis 1240: 1210:Vulpes qiuzhudingi 675:positive selection 664: 636:Sensory modalities 542: 484: 455: 319:Merriam, 1903 316:Vulpes beringensis 311:Merriam, 1903 303:Merriam, 1900 9690:Mammals of Canada 9685:Mammals of Russia 9660:Mammals of Europe 9622: 9621: 9501:Open Tree of Life 9246:Taxon identifiers 9237: 9236: 9233: 9232: 9229: 9228: 9225: 9224: 9221: 9220: 9200:Siberian weasel ( 9191:American ermine ( 9119:Japanese weasel ( 9074:Mountain weasel ( 9058: 8981: 8980: 8767: 8752: 8751: 8748: 8747: 8736:Striped polecat ( 8686:Marbled polecat ( 8668: 8653: 8652: 8625: 8573: 8572: 8552:Japanese marten ( 8498:American marten ( 8491: 8349:M. cucphuongensis 8340: 8323: 8322: 8311:European badger ( 8284:Japanese badger ( 8224: 8177:American badger ( 8140: 8139: 8136: 8135: 8112: 8111: 8108: 8107: 8036: 7995:Northern olingo ( 7979: 7954:Cozumel raccoon ( 7929: 7853: 7852: 7807: 7766: 7674: 7655: 7597: 7596: 7593: 7592: 7589: 7588: 7585: 7584: 7581: 7580: 7571:Ommatophoca rossi 7544:Hydrurga leptonyx 7531: 7528:(Antarctic seals) 7501:M. angustirostris 7492: 7475: 7474: 7441:Monachus monachus 7428: 7411: 7396: 7395: 7392: 7391: 7241: 7224: 7207: 7206: 7069:Otaria flavescens 7058: 7057: 6969: 6937:Odobenus rosmarus 6901: 6900: 6897: 6896: 6893: 6892: 6889: 6888: 6852: 6829: 6828: 6825: 6824: 6727:Spectacled bear ( 6685: 6661: 6660: 6657: 6656: 6653: 6652: 6501: 6488: 6487: 6407:Crab-eating fox ( 6398:Short-eared dog ( 6346: 6331: 6318: 6317: 6200: 6142:Otocyon megalotis 6086: 6053: 6052: 6049: 6048: 6045: 6044: 6041: 6040: 6037: 6036: 5905:Yellow mongoose ( 5756: 5755: 5643:Banded mongoose ( 5612:Liberiictus kuhni 5566: 5547: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5430: 5429: 5356: 5325: 5324: 5321: 5320: 5317: 5316: 5261: 5222: 5188: 5187: 5184: 5183: 5180: 5179: 5152: 5151: 5148: 5147: 5144: 5143: 5140: 5139: 5092:Servaline genet ( 5011:Bourlon's genet ( 4986: 4947: 4923: 4922: 4805: 4804: 4777:P. hermaphroditus 4629: 4628: 4625: 4624: 4621: 4620: 4597: 4596: 4593: 4592: 4589: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4581: 4580: 4542:African wildcat ( 4499: 4498: 4469:Flat-headed cat ( 4409: 4408: 4193: 4192: 4130: 4129: 4044: 4043: 4040: 4039: 3968:Clouded leopard ( 3927: 3902:Spotted linsang ( 3886: 3851:Nandinia binotata 3514:(Linnaeus, 1758)" 3495:978-0-19-851556-2 3468:978-0-12-374182-0 3441:978-0-471-13156-4 3324:on 1 January 2022 3289:10.1111/oik.03948 3216:Iceland Worldwide 3197:978-0-8018-7416-1 3127:Gondwana Research 3088:Mammalian Species 3039:Mammalian Species 2986:(7069): 803–819. 2896:978-0-671-42805-1 2868:on 6 October 2014 2802:(4025): 988–990. 2500:(10): 1814–1817. 2417:(10): 1217–1223. 2395:978-0-12-701235-3 2363:978-0-300-14921-0 2336:978-0-19-851556-2 2099:10.1139/z2012-077 1865:978-0-8018-8221-0 1846:"Order Carnivora" 1842:Wozencraft, W. C. 1747:Oken, L. (1816). 1577:Commander Islands 1488:St. George Mivart 1271:V. l. fuliginosus 1259:V. l. beringensis 1224:Pleistocene Epoch 1122: 1121: 1113: 1112: 1104: 1103: 1073: 1072: 1049: 1048: 1040: 1039: 994: 993: 970: 969: 961: 960: 952: 951: 884: 883: 860: 859: 552:, other rodents, 329: 328: 320: 312: 304: 296: 288: 280: 276:Canis fuliginosus 272: 264: 242:Arctic fox range 97: 77: 9722: 9615: 9614: 9602: 9601: 9589: 9588: 9576: 9575: 9563: 9562: 9561: 9535: 9534: 9522: 9521: 9509: 9508: 9496: 9495: 9483: 9482: 9470: 9469: 9457: 9456: 9444: 9443: 9431: 9430: 9418: 9417: 9405: 9404: 9392: 9391: 9379: 9378: 9366: 9365: 9353: 9352: 9340: 9339: 9327: 9326: 9314: 9313: 9301: 9300: 9288: 9287: 9286: 9273: 9272: 9271: 9241: 9240: 9173:Malayan weasel ( 9092:Steppe polecat ( 9065:Sichuan weasel ( 9057: 9056: 9052: 8992: 8991: 8929:L. perspicillata 8894:Eurasian otter ( 8771: 8770: 8766: 8765: 8761: 8672: 8671: 8667: 8666: 8662: 8641:Greater grison ( 8624: 8623: 8619: 8593: 8592: 8584: 8583: 8534:Nilgiri marten ( 8507:Pacific marten ( 8490: 8489: 8485: 8411: 8410: 8394:M. subaurantiaca 8339: 8338: 8337:(ferret-badgers) 8334: 8228: 8227: 8223: 8222: 8218: 8170: 8169: 8159: 8158: 8146: 8145: 8040: 8039: 8035: 8034: 8030: 7978: 7977: 7973: 7928: 7927: 7923: 7864: 7863: 7806: 7805: 7804:(spotted skunks) 7801: 7765: 7764: 7760: 7673: 7672: 7668: 7659: 7658: 7654: 7653: 7645: 7616: 7615: 7603: 7602: 7560:Crabeater seal ( 7535: 7534: 7530: 7529: 7525: 7491: 7490: 7489:(elephant seals) 7486: 7465:N. schauinslandi 7432: 7431: 7427: 7426: 7422: 7415: 7414: 7410: 7409: 7405: 7280: 7279: 7245: 7244: 7240: 7239: 7235: 7228: 7227: 7223: 7222: 7216: 7177:Brown fur seal ( 7152:A. galapagoensis 7039:Z. californianus 7006: 7005: 6973: 6972: 6968: 6967: 6953: 6923: 6922: 6915: 6907: 6906: 6851: 6850: 6846: 6840: 6839: 6755:Melursus ursinus 6746: 6745: 6689: 6688: 6684: 6681: 6674: 6673: 6641:Ethiopian wolf ( 6505: 6504: 6500: 6497: 6350: 6349: 6345: 6342: 6335: 6334: 6330: 6327: 6216:Blanford's fox ( 6199: 6192: 6133: 6132: 6091: 6090: 6085: 6082: 6075: 6074: 6067: 6059: 6058: 5861:Ruddy mongoose ( 5843:Javan mongoose ( 5774:Marsh mongoose ( 5767: 5766: 5746:C. platycephalus 5579: 5578: 5570: 5569: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5441: 5440: 5385:Malagasy civet ( 5369: 5368: 5360: 5359: 5355: 5350: 5343: 5342: 5338: 5265: 5264: 5260: 5257: 5226: 5225: 5221: 5218: 5211: 5210: 5207: 5206: 5194: 5193: 5158: 5157: 4985: 4982: 4946: 4943: 4934: 4933: 4844: 4843: 4840: 4829: 4828: 4824: 4811: 4810: 4717: 4716: 4659: 4658: 4648: 4647: 4635: 4634: 4429:Otocolobus manul 4420: 4419: 4342: 4341: 4218:Geoffroy's cat ( 4141: 4140: 4071: 4070: 4062: 4061: 4057: 3945: 3944: 3936: 3935: 3932: 3931: 3926: 3923: 3916: 3915: 3893:Banded linsang ( 3885: 3882: 3874: 3873: 3863: 3862: 3842: 3841: 3831: 3830: 3823: 3815: 3814: 3760: 3753: 3746: 3737: 3736: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3655: 3649: 3648: 3628: 3622: 3621: 3613: 3607: 3606: 3604: 3580: 3574: 3573: 3565: 3556: 3555: 3537: 3531: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3506: 3500: 3499: 3479: 3473: 3472: 3452: 3446: 3445: 3421: 3415: 3414: 3396: 3390: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3366: 3360: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3340: 3334: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3323: 3318:. Archived from 3299: 3293: 3292: 3264: 3258: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3238: 3232: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3222:on 14 April 2010 3208: 3202: 3201: 3181: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3162:. Hurtigruten US 3157: 3151: 3150: 3133:(4): 1335–1354. 3121: 3115: 3114: 3112: 3085: 3072: 3066: 3065: 3063: 3036: 3023: 3014: 3013: 3003: 2971: 2965: 2964: 2958: 2950: 2928: 2904: 2898: 2884: 2878: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2850: 2844: 2843: 2791: 2782: 2781: 2771: 2761: 2737: 2726: 2725: 2715: 2705: 2682:Movement Ecology 2673: 2667: 2666: 2652:The Polar Worlds 2646: 2640: 2639: 2599: 2593: 2577: 2568: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2557: 2550: 2542: 2536: 2535: 2517: 2488: 2482: 2468: 2462: 2446: 2435: 2434: 2406: 2400: 2399: 2377: 2368: 2367: 2347: 2341: 2340: 2322: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2287: 2270: 2269: 2244:(5): 1011–1021. 2232:), and Kit Fox ( 2221: 2210: 2209: 2169: 2158: 2157: 2116: 2103: 2102: 2093:(9): 1102–1116. 2078: 2063: 2062: 2026: 2017: 2011: 2005: 1999: 1993: 1992: 1982: 1946: 1933: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1914: 1908: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1884: 1878: 1877: 1838: 1829: 1823: 1817: 1816: 1796: 1790: 1789: 1761: 1755: 1754: 1744: 1738: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1709: 1703: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1685:"Vulpes lagopus" 1681: 1675: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1665: 1635: 1535:Aleutian Islands 1464:Ellesmere Island 1421: 1406: 1348:Northern Ontario 1324:Aleutian Islands 1276:Pribilof Islands 1164:is derived from 1131:10th edition of 1087: 1086: 1008: 1007: 920: 919: 898: 897: 828: 827: 821: 820: 814: 813: 807: 806: 800: 799: 793: 792: 786: 785: 779: 778: 496:gestation period 318: 310: 302: 300:Vulpes hallensis 294: 286: 278: 270: 262: 237: 215: 112: 111: 91: 88: 87: 71: 66: 65: 47: 35: 34: 9730: 9729: 9725: 9724: 9723: 9721: 9720: 9719: 9665:Mammals of Asia 9650:Holarctic fauna 9625: 9624: 9623: 9618: 9610: 9605: 9597: 9592: 9584: 9579: 9571: 9566: 9557: 9556: 9551: 9538: 9530: 9525: 9517: 9512: 9504: 9499: 9491: 9486: 9478: 9475:Observation.org 9473: 9465: 9460: 9452: 9447: 9439: 9434: 9426: 9421: 9413: 9408: 9400: 9395: 9387: 9382: 9374: 9369: 9361: 9356: 9348: 9343: 9335: 9330: 9322: 9317: 9309: 9304: 9296: 9291: 9282: 9281: 9276: 9267: 9266: 9261: 9248: 9238: 9217: 9193:M. richardsonii 9137:European mink ( 9054: 9053: 9051: 9041: 9033:American mink ( 9006:Amazon weasel ( 8977: 8935: 8911: 8878: 8861: 8837: 8786: 8763: 8762: 8760: 8744: 8711: 8694: 8664: 8663: 8661: 8649: 8632:Lesser grison ( 8621: 8620: 8618: 8608: 8569: 8487: 8486: 8484: 8474: 8450: 8426: 8400: 8336: 8335: 8333: 8319: 8268: 8220: 8219: 8217: 8209: 8185: 8166: 8153: 8132: 8104: 8071: 8032: 8031: 8029: 8021: 7975: 7974: 7972: 7962: 7925: 7924: 7922: 7912: 7879: 7849: 7816:S. angustifrons 7803: 7802: 7800: 7790: 7763:(stink badgers) 7762: 7761: 7759: 7749: 7741:Striped skunk ( 7716: 7710:C. semistriatus 7670: 7669: 7667: 7647: 7646: 7644: 7636: 7630:Ailurus fulgens 7610: 7577: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7516: 7488: 7487: 7485: 7471: 7447: 7424: 7423: 7421: 7407: 7406: 7404: 7388: 7346: 7313: 7269: 7237: 7236: 7234: 7220: 7218: 7217: 7215: 7203: 7116: 7099: 7075: 7054: 7021: 6995: 6962: 6957: 6955: 6954: 6952: 6948: 6943: 6917: 6913: 6885: 6865: 6848: 6847: 6821: 6770: 6735: 6711: 6682: 6680: 6670: 6649: 6578:Golden jackal ( 6562: 6536: 6498: 6496: 6484: 6415: 6409:Cerdocyon thous 6389: 6365: 6343: 6341: 6328: 6326: 6314: 6279:Rüppell's fox ( 6193: 6191: 6181: 6166:N. procyonoides 6148: 6140:Bat-eared fox ( 6122: 6087: 6083: 6069: 6065: 6033: 6018:H. pulverulenta 5973: 5931: 5887: 5854:U. semitorquata 5809:U. auropunctata 5791: 5752: 5701: 5668: 5651: 5618: 5601: 5563: 5561: 5556: 5555: 5539: 5506: 5489: 5456: 5450:Galidia elegans 5426: 5393: 5353: 5351: 5349: 5339: 5334: 5313: 5305:Spotted hyena ( 5289: 5272:Striped hyena ( 5258: 5256: 5248: 5219: 5217: 5201: 5176: 5136: 5074:Aquatic genet ( 5065:Pardine genet ( 5002:Angolan genet ( 4983: 4981: 4971: 4956:P. richardsonii 4944: 4942: 4919: 4902:Malayan civet ( 4868: 4860:African civet ( 4836: 4835: 4825: 4820: 4819: 4815: 4801: 4759: 4706: 4691:Diplogale hosei 4655: 4642: 4617: 4577: 4495: 4435: 4415: 4405: 4381: 4364: 4337: 4331: 4305:Eurasian lynx ( 4280: 4189: 4156: 4136: 4126: 4093: 4066: 4058: 4053: 4036: 3976: 3928: 3924: 3910: 3883: 3870: 3857: 3838: 3825: 3821: 3809: 3771: 3764: 3705: 3683: 3681:Further reading 3678: 3668: 3666: 3657: 3656: 3652: 3629: 3625: 3614: 3610: 3581: 3577: 3566: 3559: 3552: 3538: 3534: 3524: 3522: 3508: 3507: 3503: 3496: 3480: 3476: 3469: 3453: 3449: 3442: 3422: 3418: 3411: 3397: 3393: 3383: 3381: 3368: 3367: 3363: 3353: 3351: 3341: 3337: 3327: 3325: 3300: 3296: 3265: 3261: 3251: 3249: 3240: 3239: 3235: 3225: 3223: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3198: 3182: 3178: 3170: 3166: 3158: 3154: 3122: 3118: 3110: 3083: 3073: 3069: 3061: 3034: 3024: 3017: 2972: 2968: 2952: 2951: 2926:10.1.1.328.7194 2905: 2901: 2885: 2881: 2871: 2869: 2852: 2851: 2847: 2792: 2785: 2738: 2729: 2674: 2670: 2663: 2647: 2643: 2600: 2596: 2590:Wayback Machine 2578: 2571: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2548: 2544: 2543: 2539: 2489: 2485: 2479:Wayback Machine 2469: 2465: 2460:Wayback Machine 2447: 2438: 2423:10.1139/Z08-102 2407: 2403: 2396: 2378: 2371: 2364: 2348: 2344: 2337: 2323: 2319: 2309: 2307: 2288: 2273: 2234:Vulpes macrotis 2228:), Arctic Fox ( 2222: 2213: 2170: 2161: 2117: 2106: 2079: 2066: 2027: 2020: 2012: 2008: 2000: 1996: 1947: 1936: 1926: 1924: 1916: 1915: 1911: 1901: 1899: 1886: 1885: 1881: 1866: 1839: 1832: 1824: 1820: 1797: 1793: 1762: 1758: 1745: 1741: 1731: 1729: 1710: 1706: 1696: 1694: 1683: 1682: 1678: 1668: 1666: 1636: 1623: 1619: 1607: 1480: 1432: 1425: 1422: 1413: 1407: 1360:Kenai Peninsula 1352:Northern Quebec 1288: 1232: 1201:Tibetan Plateau 1197: 1189:Vulpes macrotis 1133:Systema Naturae 1123: 1114: 1105: 1074: 1050: 1041: 995: 971: 962: 953: 885: 861: 725: 716: 655: 638: 599: 531: 464: 447: 404:. It also eats 361:regions of the 325: 295:Oken, 1816 228: 217: 211: 198: 195:V. lagopus 106: 98: 89: 85: 78: 67: 63: 56: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9728: 9718: 9717: 9712: 9707: 9702: 9697: 9692: 9687: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9620: 9619: 9617: 9616: 9603: 9590: 9577: 9564: 9548: 9546: 9540: 9539: 9537: 9536: 9523: 9510: 9497: 9484: 9471: 9458: 9445: 9432: 9419: 9406: 9393: 9380: 9367: 9354: 9341: 9328: 9315: 9302: 9298:Vulpes_lagopus 9289: 9284:Vulpes lagopus 9274: 9258: 9256: 9254:Vulpes lagopus 9250: 9249: 9235: 9234: 9231: 9230: 9227: 9226: 9223: 9222: 9219: 9218: 9216: 9215: 9211:M. strigidorsa 9206: 9197: 9188: 9179: 9170: 9164:Least weasel ( 9161: 9152: 9143: 9134: 9125: 9116: 9110:Haida ermine ( 9107: 9098: 9094:M. eversmannii 9089: 9080: 9071: 9061: 9059: 9043: 9042: 9040: 9039: 9030: 9021: 9012: 9002: 9000: 8989: 8983: 8982: 8979: 8978: 8976: 8975: 8966: 8957: 8947: 8945: 8937: 8936: 8934: 8933: 8923: 8921: 8913: 8912: 8910: 8909: 8900: 8890: 8888: 8880: 8879: 8877: 8876: 8866: 8863: 8862: 8860: 8859: 8849: 8847: 8839: 8838: 8836: 8835: 8826: 8822:L. longicaudis 8817: 8811:Marine otter ( 8808: 8798: 8796: 8788: 8787: 8785: 8784: 8774: 8768: 8754: 8753: 8750: 8749: 8746: 8745: 8743: 8742: 8733: 8723: 8721: 8713: 8712: 8710: 8709: 8699: 8696: 8695: 8693: 8692: 8682: 8680: 8669: 8655: 8654: 8651: 8650: 8648: 8647: 8638: 8628: 8626: 8610: 8609: 8607: 8606: 8596: 8590: 8581: 8575: 8574: 8571: 8570: 8568: 8567: 8558: 8549: 8540: 8531: 8525:Beech marten ( 8522: 8513: 8504: 8494: 8492: 8476: 8475: 8473: 8472: 8462: 8460: 8452: 8451: 8449: 8448: 8438: 8436: 8428: 8427: 8425: 8424: 8414: 8408: 8402: 8401: 8399: 8398: 8389: 8380: 8371: 8362: 8353: 8343: 8341: 8325: 8324: 8321: 8320: 8318: 8317: 8308: 8302:Asian badger ( 8299: 8290: 8280: 8278: 8270: 8269: 8267: 8266: 8257: 8248: 8244:A. albogularis 8238: 8236: 8225: 8211: 8210: 8208: 8207: 8201:Honey badger ( 8197: 8195: 8187: 8186: 8184: 8183: 8173: 8167: 8162: 8155: 8154: 8142: 8141: 8138: 8137: 8134: 8133: 8131: 8130: 8129: 8128: 8122: 8120: 8114: 8113: 8110: 8109: 8106: 8105: 8103: 8102: 8093: 8083: 8081: 8073: 8072: 8070: 8069: 8060: 8050: 8048: 8037: 8023: 8022: 8020: 8019: 8010: 8001: 7992: 7982: 7980: 7964: 7963: 7961: 7960: 7951: 7942: 7938:P. cancrivorus 7932: 7930: 7914: 7913: 7911: 7910: 7906:B. sumichrasti 7901: 7891: 7889: 7881: 7880: 7878: 7877: 7867: 7861: 7855: 7854: 7851: 7850: 7848: 7847: 7838: 7829: 7820: 7810: 7808: 7792: 7791: 7789: 7788: 7779: 7769: 7767: 7751: 7750: 7748: 7747: 7738: 7732:Hooded skunk ( 7728: 7726: 7718: 7717: 7715: 7714: 7705: 7696: 7687: 7677: 7675: 7656: 7638: 7637: 7635: 7634: 7624: 7622: 7612: 7611: 7599: 7598: 7595: 7594: 7591: 7590: 7587: 7586: 7583: 7582: 7579: 7578: 7576: 7575: 7566: 7557: 7551:Weddell seal ( 7548: 7542:Leopard seal ( 7538: 7532: 7518: 7517: 7515: 7514: 7505: 7495: 7493: 7477: 7476: 7473: 7472: 7470: 7469: 7459: 7457: 7449: 7448: 7446: 7445: 7435: 7429: 7412: 7398: 7397: 7394: 7393: 7390: 7389: 7387: 7386: 7377: 7368: 7362:Caspian seal ( 7358: 7356: 7348: 7347: 7345: 7344: 7335: 7329:Spotted seal ( 7325: 7323: 7315: 7314: 7312: 7311: 7302: 7293: 7283: 7277: 7271: 7270: 7268: 7267: 7258: 7252:Bearded seal ( 7248: 7242: 7225: 7221:or true seals) 7219:(earless seals 7209: 7208: 7205: 7204: 7202: 7201: 7192: 7183: 7174: 7165: 7156: 7147: 7138: 7128: 7126: 7118: 7117: 7115: 7114: 7104: 7101: 7100: 7098: 7097: 7087: 7085: 7077: 7076: 7074: 7073: 7063: 7060: 7059: 7056: 7055: 7053: 7052: 7043: 7033: 7031: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7019: 7009: 7003: 6997: 6996: 6994: 6993: 6983: 6981: 6970: 6945: 6944: 6942: 6941: 6931: 6929: 6919: 6918: 6903: 6902: 6899: 6898: 6895: 6894: 6891: 6890: 6887: 6886: 6884: 6883: 6882: 6881: 6875: 6873: 6867: 6866: 6864: 6863: 6862: 6861: 6855: 6853: 6837: 6831: 6830: 6827: 6826: 6823: 6822: 6820: 6819: 6810: 6801: 6792: 6782: 6780: 6772: 6771: 6769: 6768: 6759: 6749: 6743: 6737: 6736: 6734: 6733: 6723: 6721: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6709: 6705:A. melanoleuca 6699: 6697: 6686: 6671: 6666: 6663: 6662: 6659: 6658: 6655: 6654: 6651: 6650: 6648: 6647: 6638: 6629: 6623:Eastern wolf ( 6620: 6611: 6605:African wolf ( 6602: 6593: 6587:Domestic dog ( 6584: 6574: 6572: 6564: 6563: 6561: 6560: 6551: 6541: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6534: 6525: 6515: 6513: 6502: 6490: 6489: 6486: 6485: 6483: 6482: 6473: 6467:Sechuran fox ( 6464: 6460:L. gymnocercus 6455: 6446: 6440:Darwin's fox ( 6437: 6427: 6425: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6413: 6404: 6394: 6391: 6390: 6388: 6387: 6377: 6375: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6363: 6353: 6347: 6332: 6320: 6319: 6316: 6315: 6313: 6312: 6303: 6294: 6285: 6276: 6267: 6258: 6249: 6240: 6231: 6222: 6213: 6209:V. bengalensis 6203: 6201: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6179: 6170: 6160: 6158: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6146: 6136: 6130: 6124: 6123: 6121: 6120: 6111: 6101: 6099: 6088: 6078: 6071: 6070: 6055: 6054: 6051: 6050: 6047: 6046: 6043: 6042: 6039: 6038: 6035: 6034: 6032: 6031: 6022: 6013: 6004: 5995: 5985: 5983: 5975: 5974: 5972: 5971: 5962: 5953: 5949:B. crassicauda 5943: 5941: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5929: 5920: 5911: 5902: 5892: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5885: 5876: 5867: 5858: 5849: 5840: 5831: 5822: 5813: 5803: 5801: 5793: 5792: 5790: 5789: 5780: 5770: 5764: 5758: 5757: 5754: 5753: 5751: 5750: 5741: 5732: 5723: 5713: 5711: 5703: 5702: 5700: 5699: 5690: 5680: 5678: 5670: 5669: 5667: 5666: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5649: 5640: 5630: 5628: 5620: 5619: 5617: 5616: 5606: 5603: 5602: 5600: 5599: 5589: 5587: 5576: 5567: 5549: 5548: 5545: 5544: 5541: 5540: 5538: 5537: 5528: 5518: 5516: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5504: 5494: 5491: 5490: 5488: 5487: 5483:G. grandidieri 5478: 5468: 5466: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5454: 5444: 5438: 5432: 5431: 5428: 5427: 5425: 5424: 5415: 5405: 5403: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5391: 5382: 5372: 5366: 5357: 5340: 5330: 5327: 5326: 5323: 5322: 5319: 5318: 5315: 5314: 5312: 5311: 5301: 5299: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5287: 5278: 5268: 5262: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5246: 5236: 5234: 5223: 5203: 5202: 5190: 5189: 5186: 5185: 5182: 5181: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5174: 5173: 5172: 5166: 5164: 5154: 5153: 5150: 5149: 5146: 5145: 5142: 5141: 5138: 5137: 5135: 5134: 5125: 5116: 5107: 5098: 5089: 5080: 5071: 5062: 5053: 5047:Letaba genet ( 5044: 5035: 5029:Common genet ( 5026: 5017: 5008: 4999: 4989: 4987: 4973: 4972: 4970: 4969: 4960: 4950: 4948: 4931: 4925: 4924: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4917: 4908: 4899: 4890: 4880: 4878: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4866: 4857: 4847: 4841: 4826: 4814: 4807: 4806: 4803: 4802: 4800: 4799: 4795:P. zeylonensis 4790: 4781: 4771: 4769: 4761: 4760: 4758: 4757: 4753:Paguma larvata 4748: 4739: 4730: 4720: 4714: 4708: 4707: 4705: 4704: 4695: 4686: 4677: 4667: 4665: 4656: 4651: 4644: 4643: 4631: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4623: 4622: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4615: 4614: 4613: 4607: 4605: 4599: 4598: 4595: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4587: 4586: 4583: 4582: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4575: 4566: 4557: 4548: 4539: 4530: 4524:Domestic cat ( 4521: 4511: 4509: 4501: 4500: 4497: 4496: 4494: 4493: 4484: 4480:P. rubiginosus 4475: 4466: 4457: 4453:P. bengalensis 4447: 4445: 4437: 4436: 4434: 4433: 4427:Pallas's cat ( 4423: 4417: 4411: 4410: 4407: 4406: 4404: 4403: 4393: 4391: 4383: 4382: 4380: 4379: 4369: 4366: 4365: 4363: 4362: 4352: 4350: 4339: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4329: 4320: 4314:Iberian lynx ( 4311: 4302: 4292: 4290: 4282: 4281: 4279: 4278: 4269: 4260: 4251: 4242: 4233: 4224: 4215: 4205: 4203: 4195: 4194: 4191: 4190: 4188: 4187: 4178: 4168: 4166: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4154: 4144: 4138: 4132: 4131: 4128: 4127: 4125: 4124: 4115: 4105: 4103: 4095: 4094: 4092: 4091: 4081: 4079: 4068: 4059: 4049: 4046: 4045: 4042: 4041: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4034: 4025: 4016: 4007: 3998: 3992:Snow leopard ( 3988: 3986: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3974: 3965: 3955: 3953: 3942: 3929: 3919: 3912: 3911: 3909: 3908: 3899: 3889: 3887: 3871: 3866: 3859: 3858: 3856: 3855: 3845: 3839: 3834: 3827: 3826: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3807: 3805:Laurasiatheria 3801: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3776: 3773: 3772: 3763: 3762: 3755: 3748: 3740: 3734: 3733: 3728: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3704: 3703:External links 3701: 3700: 3699: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3676: 3650: 3623: 3608: 3595:(4): 251–258. 3575: 3557: 3551:978-0774393652 3550: 3532: 3512:Vulpes lagopus 3501: 3494: 3474: 3467: 3447: 3440: 3434:. p. 42. 3416: 3409: 3391: 3372:Alopex lagopus 3361: 3335: 3294: 3275:(7): 937–947. 3259: 3233: 3203: 3196: 3176: 3164: 3152: 3116: 3067: 3030:Alopex lagopus 3015: 2966: 2919:(2): 143–175. 2899: 2879: 2856:Alopex lagopus 2845: 2783: 2727: 2668: 2662:978-0800864057 2661: 2641: 2614:(3): 417–422. 2604:Vulpes lagopus 2594: 2582:Alopex lagopus 2569: 2537: 2483: 2463: 2449:Alopex lagopus 2436: 2401: 2394: 2369: 2362: 2342: 2335: 2317: 2294:Vulpes lagopus 2271: 2230:Alopex lagopus 2211: 2184:(2): 132–138. 2174:Alopex lagopus 2159: 2132:(4): 308–319. 2122:Alopex lagopus 2104: 2083:Vulpes lagopus 2064: 2037:(3): 333–345. 2018: 2006: 1994: 1959:Polar Research 1953:Vulpes lagopus 1934: 1909: 1879: 1864: 1830: 1818: 1791: 1756: 1739: 1716:Vulpes lagopus 1704: 1676: 1642:Vulpes lagopus 1620: 1618: 1615: 1614: 1613: 1606: 1603: 1592:Kola Peninsula 1550:climate change 1479: 1476: 1431: 1428: 1427: 1426: 1423: 1416: 1414: 1408: 1401: 1371:North Atlantic 1334:(northeastern 1332:boreal forests 1287: 1284: 1283: 1282: 1273: 1267: 1261: 1231: 1228: 1196: 1193: 1120: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1111: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1102: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1090: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1076: 1075: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1059: 1056: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1047: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1033: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1015:Blanford's fox 1011: 1006: 1004: 1001: 1000: 997: 996: 992: 991: 988: 987: 980: 977: 976: 973: 972: 968: 967: 964: 963: 959: 958: 955: 954: 950: 949: 946: 945: 938: 935: 934: 931: 930: 923: 918: 916: 913: 912: 909: 908: 901: 896: 894: 891: 890: 887: 886: 882: 881: 878: 877: 870: 867: 866: 863: 862: 858: 857: 854: 853: 846: 843: 842: 839: 838: 831: 826: 824: 819: 817: 812: 810: 805: 803: 798: 796: 791: 789: 784: 782: 777: 728:Vulpes lagopus 724: 721: 715: 712: 654: 651: 637: 634: 598: 595: 530: 527: 463: 460: 446: 443: 357:native to the 338:Vulpes lagopus 327: 326: 324: 323: 322: 321: 313: 305: 297: 292:Vulpes arctica 289: 281: 273: 265: 260:Alopex lagopus 254: 251: 250: 244: 243: 239: 238: 230: 229: 218: 213:Vulpes lagopus 207: 206: 200: 199: 192: 190: 186: 185: 178: 174: 173: 168: 164: 163: 158: 154: 153: 148: 144: 143: 138: 134: 133: 128: 124: 123: 118: 114: 113: 100: 99: 83: 80: 79: 61: 58: 57: 52: 49: 48: 40: 39: 16:Species of fox 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9727: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9691: 9688: 9686: 9683: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9632: 9630: 9613: 9608: 9604: 9600: 9595: 9591: 9587: 9582: 9578: 9574: 9569: 9565: 9560: 9554: 9550: 9549: 9547: 9545: 9544:Canis lagopus 9541: 9533: 9528: 9524: 9520: 9515: 9511: 9507: 9502: 9498: 9494: 9489: 9485: 9481: 9476: 9472: 9468: 9463: 9459: 9455: 9450: 9446: 9442: 9437: 9433: 9429: 9424: 9420: 9416: 9411: 9407: 9403: 9398: 9394: 9390: 9385: 9381: 9377: 9372: 9368: 9364: 9359: 9355: 9351: 9346: 9342: 9338: 9333: 9329: 9325: 9320: 9316: 9312: 9307: 9303: 9299: 9294: 9290: 9285: 9279: 9275: 9270: 9264: 9260: 9259: 9257: 9255: 9251: 9247: 9242: 9214: 9212: 9207: 9205: 9203: 9198: 9196: 9194: 9189: 9187: 9185: 9180: 9178: 9176: 9171: 9169: 9167: 9162: 9160: 9158: 9153: 9151: 9149: 9148:M. lutreolina 9144: 9142: 9140: 9135: 9133: 9131: 9126: 9124: 9122: 9117: 9115: 9113: 9108: 9106: 9104: 9099: 9097: 9095: 9090: 9088: 9086: 9081: 9079: 9077: 9072: 9070: 9068: 9063: 9062: 9060: 9050: 9049: 9044: 9038: 9036: 9031: 9029: 9027: 9022: 9020: 9018: 9013: 9011: 9009: 9004: 9003: 9001: 8999: 8998: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8984: 8974: 8972: 8967: 8965: 8963: 8958: 8956: 8954: 8949: 8948: 8946: 8944: 8943: 8938: 8932: 8930: 8925: 8924: 8922: 8920: 8919: 8914: 8908: 8906: 8901: 8899: 8897: 8892: 8891: 8889: 8887: 8886: 8881: 8875: 8873: 8868: 8867: 8864: 8858: 8856: 8851: 8850: 8848: 8846: 8845: 8840: 8834: 8832: 8827: 8825: 8823: 8818: 8816: 8814: 8809: 8807: 8805: 8804:L. canadensis 8800: 8799: 8797: 8795: 8794: 8789: 8783: 8781: 8778:Giant otter ( 8776: 8775: 8772: 8769: 8759: 8755: 8741: 8739: 8734: 8732: 8730: 8725: 8724: 8722: 8720: 8719: 8714: 8708: 8706: 8701: 8700: 8697: 8691: 8689: 8684: 8683: 8681: 8679: 8678: 8673: 8670: 8660: 8656: 8646: 8644: 8639: 8637: 8635: 8630: 8629: 8627: 8617: 8616: 8611: 8605: 8603: 8598: 8597: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8576: 8566: 8564: 8559: 8557: 8555: 8550: 8548: 8546: 8541: 8539: 8537: 8536:M. gwatkinsii 8532: 8530: 8528: 8523: 8521: 8519: 8514: 8512: 8510: 8505: 8503: 8501: 8496: 8495: 8493: 8483: 8482: 8477: 8471: 8469: 8464: 8463: 8461: 8459: 8458: 8453: 8447: 8445: 8440: 8439: 8437: 8435: 8434: 8429: 8423: 8421: 8416: 8415: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8403: 8397: 8395: 8390: 8388: 8386: 8381: 8379: 8377: 8376:M. orientalis 8372: 8370: 8368: 8363: 8361: 8359: 8354: 8352: 8350: 8345: 8344: 8342: 8332: 8331: 8326: 8316: 8314: 8309: 8307: 8305: 8300: 8298: 8296: 8291: 8289: 8287: 8282: 8281: 8279: 8277: 8276: 8271: 8265: 8263: 8258: 8256: 8254: 8249: 8247: 8245: 8240: 8239: 8237: 8235: 8234: 8229: 8226: 8216: 8212: 8206: 8204: 8199: 8198: 8196: 8194: 8193: 8188: 8182: 8180: 8179:Taxidea taxus 8175: 8174: 8171: 8168: 8165: 8160: 8156: 8152: 8147: 8143: 8126: 8125: 8124: 8123: 8121: 8119: 8115: 8101: 8099: 8094: 8092: 8090: 8089:N. meridensis 8085: 8084: 8082: 8080: 8079: 8074: 8068: 8066: 8061: 8059: 8057: 8052: 8051: 8049: 8047: 8046: 8041: 8038: 8028: 8024: 8018: 8016: 8011: 8009: 8007: 8002: 8000: 7998: 7993: 7991: 7989: 7984: 7983: 7981: 7971: 7970: 7965: 7959: 7957: 7952: 7950: 7948: 7943: 7941: 7939: 7934: 7933: 7931: 7921: 7920: 7915: 7909: 7907: 7902: 7900: 7898: 7893: 7892: 7890: 7888: 7887: 7882: 7876: 7874: 7869: 7868: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7856: 7846: 7844: 7839: 7837: 7835: 7830: 7828: 7826: 7821: 7819: 7817: 7812: 7811: 7809: 7799: 7798: 7793: 7787: 7785: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7775:M. javanensis 7771: 7770: 7768: 7758: 7757: 7752: 7746: 7744: 7739: 7737: 7735: 7730: 7729: 7727: 7725: 7724: 7719: 7713: 7711: 7706: 7704: 7702: 7701:C. leuconotus 7697: 7695: 7693: 7692:C. humboldtii 7688: 7686: 7684: 7679: 7678: 7676: 7666: 7665: 7660: 7657: 7651: 7643: 7639: 7633: 7631: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7621: 7617: 7613: 7609: 7604: 7600: 7574: 7572: 7567: 7565: 7563: 7558: 7556: 7554: 7549: 7547: 7545: 7540: 7539: 7536: 7533: 7523: 7519: 7513: 7511: 7506: 7504: 7502: 7497: 7496: 7494: 7484: 7483: 7478: 7468: 7466: 7461: 7460: 7458: 7456: 7455: 7450: 7444: 7442: 7437: 7436: 7433: 7430: 7420: 7416: 7413: 7403: 7399: 7385: 7383: 7380:Baikal seal ( 7378: 7376: 7374: 7371:Ringed seal ( 7369: 7367: 7365: 7360: 7359: 7357: 7355: 7354: 7349: 7343: 7341: 7338:Harbor seal ( 7336: 7334: 7332: 7327: 7326: 7324: 7322: 7321: 7316: 7310: 7308: 7303: 7301: 7299: 7296:Ribbon seal ( 7294: 7292: 7290: 7285: 7284: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7272: 7266: 7264: 7261:Hooded seal ( 7259: 7257: 7255: 7250: 7249: 7246: 7243: 7233: 7229: 7226: 7214: 7210: 7200: 7198: 7197:A. tropicalis 7193: 7191: 7189: 7184: 7182: 7180: 7175: 7173: 7171: 7166: 7164: 7162: 7157: 7155: 7153: 7148: 7146: 7144: 7139: 7137: 7135: 7130: 7129: 7127: 7125: 7124: 7123:Arctocephalus 7119: 7113: 7111: 7106: 7105: 7102: 7096: 7094: 7089: 7088: 7086: 7084: 7083: 7078: 7072: 7070: 7065: 7064: 7061: 7051: 7049: 7048:Z. wollebaeki 7044: 7042: 7040: 7035: 7034: 7032: 7030: 7029: 7024: 7018: 7016: 7011: 7010: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6998: 6992: 6990: 6985: 6984: 6982: 6980: 6979: 6974: 6971: 6965: 6960: 6956:(eared seals: 6951: 6946: 6940: 6938: 6933: 6932: 6930: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6908: 6904: 6879: 6878: 6877: 6876: 6874: 6872: 6868: 6859: 6858: 6857: 6856: 6854: 6845: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6832: 6818: 6816: 6811: 6809: 6807: 6802: 6800: 6798: 6797:U. thibetanus 6793: 6791: 6789: 6788:U. americanus 6784: 6783: 6781: 6779: 6778: 6773: 6767: 6765: 6760: 6758: 6756: 6751: 6750: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6738: 6732: 6730: 6725: 6724: 6722: 6720: 6719: 6714: 6708: 6706: 6703:Giant panda ( 6701: 6700: 6698: 6696: 6695: 6690: 6687: 6679: 6675: 6672: 6669: 6664: 6646: 6644: 6639: 6637: 6635: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6621: 6619: 6617: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6603: 6601: 6599: 6594: 6592: 6590: 6589:C. familiaris 6585: 6583: 6581: 6576: 6575: 6573: 6571: 6570: 6565: 6559: 6557: 6552: 6550: 6548: 6547:Lycaon pictus 6543: 6542: 6539: 6533: 6531: 6526: 6524: 6522: 6517: 6516: 6514: 6512: 6511: 6506: 6503: 6495: 6491: 6481: 6479: 6474: 6472: 6470: 6465: 6463: 6461: 6456: 6454: 6452: 6447: 6445: 6443: 6438: 6436: 6434: 6429: 6428: 6426: 6424: 6423: 6418: 6412: 6410: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6396: 6395: 6392: 6386: 6384: 6379: 6378: 6376: 6374: 6373: 6368: 6362: 6360: 6355: 6354: 6351: 6348: 6340: 6336: 6333: 6325: 6321: 6311: 6309: 6304: 6302: 6300: 6295: 6293: 6291: 6286: 6284: 6282: 6277: 6275: 6273: 6268: 6266: 6264: 6259: 6257: 6255: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6243:Tibetan fox ( 6241: 6239: 6237: 6232: 6230: 6228: 6223: 6221: 6219: 6214: 6212: 6210: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6197: 6190: 6189: 6184: 6178: 6176: 6175:N. viverrinus 6171: 6169: 6167: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6157: 6156: 6151: 6145: 6143: 6138: 6137: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6125: 6119: 6117: 6116:U. littoralis 6112: 6110: 6108: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6098: 6097: 6092: 6089: 6081: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6060: 6056: 6030: 6028: 6023: 6021: 6019: 6014: 6012: 6010: 6005: 6003: 6001: 5996: 5994: 5992: 5991:H. flavescens 5987: 5986: 5984: 5982: 5981: 5976: 5970: 5968: 5963: 5961: 5959: 5954: 5952: 5950: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5940: 5939: 5934: 5928: 5926: 5921: 5919: 5917: 5912: 5910: 5908: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5894: 5893: 5890: 5884: 5882: 5881:U. vitticolla 5877: 5875: 5873: 5868: 5866: 5864: 5859: 5857: 5855: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5841: 5839: 5837: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5823: 5821: 5819: 5814: 5812: 5810: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5799: 5794: 5788: 5786: 5785:Xenogale naso 5781: 5779: 5777: 5772: 5771: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5759: 5749: 5747: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5724: 5722: 5720: 5715: 5714: 5712: 5710: 5709: 5704: 5698: 5696: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5682: 5681: 5679: 5677: 5676: 5671: 5665: 5663: 5658: 5657: 5654: 5648: 5646: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5626: 5621: 5615: 5613: 5608: 5607: 5604: 5598: 5596: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5585: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5571: 5568: 5559: 5558:sensu stricto 5554: 5550: 5536: 5534: 5529: 5527: 5525: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5515: 5514: 5509: 5503: 5501: 5496: 5495: 5492: 5486: 5484: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5470: 5469: 5467: 5465: 5464: 5459: 5453: 5451: 5446: 5445: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5433: 5423: 5421: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5407: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5401: 5396: 5390: 5388: 5387:Fossa fossana 5383: 5381: 5379: 5374: 5373: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5361: 5358: 5348: 5344: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5328: 5310: 5308: 5303: 5302: 5300: 5298: 5297: 5292: 5286: 5284: 5281:Brown hyena ( 5279: 5277: 5275: 5274:Hyaena hyaena 5270: 5269: 5266: 5263: 5255: 5251: 5245: 5243: 5238: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5232: 5227: 5224: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5195: 5191: 5170: 5169: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5133: 5131: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5117: 5115: 5113: 5108: 5106: 5104: 5101:Hausa genet ( 5099: 5097: 5095: 5090: 5088: 5086: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5054: 5052: 5050: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5018: 5016: 5014: 5009: 5007: 5005: 5004:G. angolensis 5000: 4998: 4996: 4995:G. abyssinica 4991: 4990: 4988: 4980: 4979: 4974: 4968: 4966: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4941: 4940: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4926: 4916: 4914: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4904:V. tangalunga 4900: 4898: 4896: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4876: 4871: 4865: 4863: 4858: 4856: 4854: 4849: 4848: 4845: 4842: 4839: 4838:sensu stricto 4834: 4830: 4827: 4823: 4818: 4812: 4808: 4798: 4796: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4767: 4762: 4756: 4754: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4740: 4738: 4736: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4722: 4721: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4712:Paradoxurinae 4709: 4703: 4701: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4680:Otter civet ( 4678: 4676: 4674: 4669: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4660: 4657: 4654: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4636: 4632: 4611: 4610: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4600: 4574: 4572: 4571:F. silvestris 4567: 4565: 4563: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4513: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4507: 4502: 4492: 4490: 4489:P. viverrinus 4487:Fishing cat ( 4485: 4483: 4481: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4462:P. javanensis 4458: 4456: 4454: 4451:Leopard cat ( 4449: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4443: 4438: 4432: 4430: 4425: 4424: 4421: 4418: 4412: 4402: 4400: 4395: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4389: 4384: 4378: 4376: 4371: 4370: 4367: 4361: 4359: 4354: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4348: 4343: 4340: 4334: 4328: 4326: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4298:L. canadensis 4296:Canada lynx ( 4294: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4288: 4283: 4277: 4275: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4201: 4196: 4186: 4184: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4170: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4164: 4159: 4153: 4151: 4146: 4145: 4142: 4139: 4133: 4123: 4121: 4120:C. temminckii 4116: 4114: 4112: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4101: 4096: 4090: 4088: 4085:Marbled cat ( 4083: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4077: 4072: 4069: 4063: 4060: 4056: 4055:sensu stricto 4052: 4047: 4033: 4031: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4017: 4015: 4013: 4008: 4006: 4004: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3984: 3979: 3973: 3971: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3957: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3951: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3930: 3922: 3917: 3913: 3907: 3905: 3904:P. pardicolor 3900: 3898: 3896: 3891: 3890: 3888: 3881: 3880: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3864: 3860: 3854: 3852: 3847: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3816: 3812: 3806: 3802: 3800: 3796: 3794: 3790: 3788: 3784: 3782: 3778: 3777: 3774: 3769: 3761: 3756: 3754: 3749: 3747: 3742: 3741: 3738: 3732: 3729: 3726: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3697: 3696:0-8018-8032-7 3693: 3689: 3685: 3684: 3664: 3660: 3654: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3627: 3619: 3612: 3603: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3579: 3571: 3564: 3562: 3553: 3547: 3543: 3536: 3521: 3520: 3515: 3513: 3505: 3497: 3491: 3487: 3486: 3478: 3470: 3464: 3460: 3459: 3451: 3443: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3428: 3420: 3412: 3410:951-9381-20-1 3406: 3402: 3395: 3379: 3375: 3373: 3365: 3349: 3345: 3339: 3322: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3298: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3263: 3247: 3243: 3237: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3207: 3199: 3193: 3189: 3188: 3180: 3173: 3168: 3161: 3156: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3120: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3082: 3080: 3071: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3041:(713): 1–10. 3040: 3033: 3031: 3022: 3020: 3011: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2970: 2962: 2956: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2903: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2883: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2857: 2854:"Arctic fox: 2849: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2790: 2788: 2779: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2723: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2672: 2664: 2658: 2654: 2653: 2645: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2608:Polar Biology 2605: 2598: 2591: 2587: 2584: 2583: 2576: 2574: 2554: 2547: 2541: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2487: 2480: 2476: 2473: 2467: 2461: 2457: 2454: 2450: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2405: 2397: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2376: 2374: 2365: 2359: 2355: 2354: 2346: 2338: 2332: 2328: 2321: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2295: 2292:"Arctic fox ( 2286: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2226:Vulpes vulpes 2220: 2218: 2216: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2126:Polar Biology 2123: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2031:Polar Biology 2025: 2023: 2015: 2010: 2003: 1998: 1990: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1954: 1945: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1923: 1919: 1913: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1883: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1861: 1857: 1856: 1851: 1850:Wilson, D. E. 1847: 1843: 1837: 1835: 1827: 1822: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1795: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1760: 1752: 1751: 1743: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1717: 1708: 1693: 1691: 1686: 1680: 1664: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1650: 1645: 1643: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1621: 1612: 1609: 1608: 1602: 1600: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1569: 1565: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1542: 1540: 1536: 1527: 1523: 1521: 1517: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1501: 1500:IUCN Red List 1497: 1496:least concern 1489: 1484: 1475: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1440: 1436: 1420: 1415: 1412: 1405: 1400: 1399: 1398: 1394: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1292: 1281: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1253: 1252: 1251: 1249: 1248:V. l. lagopus 1245: 1236: 1227: 1225: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1211: 1206: 1202: 1192: 1190: 1186: 1185:Vulpes vulpes 1181: 1179: 1176:") and πούς ( 1175: 1171: 1167: 1166:Ancient Greek 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1142:type specimen 1139: 1138:Canis lagopus 1135: 1134: 1128: 1127:Carl Linnaeus 1118: 1117: 1109: 1108: 1100: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1094:Bat-eared fox 1089: 1088: 1082: 1081: 1078: 1077: 1069: 1068: 1065: 1064: 1058: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1045: 1044: 1036: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1025: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1016: 1010: 1009: 1003: 1002: 999: 998: 990: 989: 986: 985: 979: 978: 975: 974: 966: 965: 957: 956: 948: 947: 944: 943: 937: 936: 933: 932: 929: 928: 927:Rüppell's fox 922: 921: 915: 914: 911: 910: 907: 906: 900: 899: 893: 892: 889: 888: 880: 879: 876: 875: 869: 868: 865: 864: 856: 855: 852: 851: 845: 844: 841: 840: 837: 836: 830: 829: 823: 822: 816: 815: 809: 808: 802: 801: 795: 794: 788: 787: 781: 780: 776: 774: 770: 766: 763: 760: 756: 753: 750:of the canid 749: 746: 742: 739: 735: 734: 729: 720: 711: 707: 704: 698: 695: 690: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 669: 668:Transcriptome 659: 650: 646: 643: 642:hearing range 633: 631: 626: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 594: 591: 585: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 540: 535: 526: 524: 523:kin selection 520: 516: 511: 506: 504: 501: 497: 492: 488: 480: 476: 474: 470: 459: 451: 442: 440: 439:grizzly bears 436: 432: 428: 424: 423:Arctic wolves 420: 419:golden eagles 415: 411: 410:invertebrates 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 382: 380: 375: 372:. It is well 371: 368: 367:Arctic tundra 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 339: 334: 317: 314: 309: 306: 301: 298: 293: 290: 285: 282: 277: 274: 269: 268:Canis lagopus 266: 261: 258: 257: 256: 255: 252: 249: 245: 240: 236: 231: 226: 222: 216: 214: 208: 205: 204:Binomial name 201: 197: 196: 191: 188: 187: 184: 183: 179: 176: 175: 172: 169: 166: 165: 162: 159: 156: 155: 152: 149: 146: 145: 142: 139: 136: 135: 132: 129: 126: 125: 122: 119: 116: 115: 110: 105: 101: 95: 81: 75: 70: 69:Least Concern 59: 55: 50: 46: 41: 36: 33: 29: 22: 9543: 9253: 9210: 9201: 9192: 9183: 9174: 9165: 9156: 9147: 9138: 9129: 9120: 9111: 9102: 9093: 9084: 9075: 9066: 9046: 9034: 9025: 9016: 9007: 8995: 8970: 8961: 8952: 8940: 8928: 8916: 8905:L. sumatrana 8904: 8895: 8883: 8871: 8854: 8842: 8830: 8821: 8812: 8803: 8791: 8779: 8737: 8728: 8716: 8704: 8688:V. peregusna 8687: 8675: 8642: 8633: 8613: 8601: 8588:Lyncodontini 8579:Ictonychinae 8563:M. zibellina 8562: 8553: 8544: 8535: 8526: 8518:M. flavigula 8517: 8508: 8500:M. americana 8499: 8479: 8467: 8455: 8443: 8431: 8420:Eira barbara 8419: 8393: 8385:M. personata 8384: 8375: 8366: 8357: 8348: 8328: 8312: 8303: 8295:M. canescens 8294: 8285: 8273: 8261: 8252: 8243: 8231: 8202: 8190: 8178: 8097: 8088: 8076: 8064: 8055: 8043: 8014: 8005: 7996: 7987: 7967: 7955: 7946: 7937: 7917: 7905: 7904:Cacomistle ( 7896: 7884: 7873:Potos flavus 7872: 7842: 7833: 7824: 7815: 7795: 7783: 7774: 7754: 7742: 7733: 7721: 7709: 7700: 7691: 7682: 7662: 7629: 7570: 7561: 7552: 7543: 7509: 7500: 7480: 7464: 7452: 7440: 7425:(monk seals) 7381: 7372: 7363: 7351: 7339: 7330: 7318: 7306: 7297: 7288: 7262: 7253: 7196: 7188:A. townsendi 7187: 7178: 7170:A. philippii 7169: 7160: 7151: 7142: 7134:A. australis 7133: 7121: 7109: 7092: 7080: 7068: 7047: 7038: 7026: 7014: 6988: 6976: 6936: 6815:U. maritimus 6814: 6813:Polar bear ( 6805: 6804:Brown bear ( 6796: 6787: 6775: 6763: 6754: 6753:Sloth bear ( 6728: 6716: 6704: 6692: 6642: 6633: 6624: 6615: 6606: 6597: 6588: 6579: 6567: 6556:Cuon alpinus 6555: 6546: 6530:L. mesomelas 6529: 6520: 6508: 6477: 6468: 6459: 6458:Pampas fox ( 6450: 6441: 6432: 6420: 6408: 6399: 6383:S. venaticus 6382: 6370: 6358: 6357:Maned wolf ( 6339:Cerdocyonina 6307: 6306:Fennec fox ( 6298: 6289: 6281:V. rueppelli 6280: 6271: 6262: 6253: 6252:Arctic fox ( 6251: 6245:V. ferrilata 6244: 6235: 6234:Corsac fox ( 6226: 6217: 6208: 6207:Bengal fox ( 6186: 6174: 6165: 6153: 6141: 6115: 6114:Island fox ( 6106: 6094: 6027:H. sanguinea 6026: 6017: 6008: 6000:H. ichneumon 5999: 5990: 5978: 5966: 5957: 5948: 5936: 5924: 5915: 5906: 5897: 5880: 5871: 5862: 5853: 5844: 5835: 5827:U. edwardsii 5826: 5818:U. brachyura 5817: 5808: 5796: 5784: 5775: 5745: 5736: 5727: 5719:C. alexandri 5718: 5706: 5694: 5685: 5673: 5661: 5644: 5636:M. gambianus 5635: 5623: 5611: 5595:S. suricatta 5594: 5582: 5557: 5532: 5523: 5511: 5499: 5482: 5473: 5461: 5449: 5419: 5410: 5398: 5386: 5377: 5354:carnivorans) 5335: 5306: 5294: 5282: 5273: 5241: 5229: 5199:Herpestoidea 5162:Herpestoidea 5129: 5121:G. victoriae 5120: 5111: 5110:Cape genet ( 5102: 5094:G. servalina 5093: 5084: 5083:King genet ( 5076:G. piscivora 5075: 5066: 5057: 5048: 5040:G. johnstoni 5039: 5030: 5021: 5012: 5003: 4994: 4976: 4965:P. leightoni 4964: 4955: 4937: 4912: 4903: 4895:V. megaspila 4894: 4886:V. civettina 4885: 4873: 4861: 4852: 4837: 4821: 4794: 4785: 4776: 4764: 4752: 4743: 4734: 4725: 4699: 4690: 4681: 4672: 4570: 4561: 4553:F. margarita 4552: 4543: 4534: 4533:Jungle cat ( 4525: 4516: 4504: 4488: 4479: 4471:P. planiceps 4470: 4461: 4452: 4442:Prionailurus 4440: 4428: 4398: 4386: 4374: 4373:Jaguarundi ( 4357: 4345: 4324: 4315: 4306: 4297: 4285: 4273: 4264: 4255: 4246: 4237: 4228: 4220:L. geoffroyi 4219: 4210: 4209:Pampas cat ( 4198: 4182: 4173: 4161: 4149: 4119: 4110: 4098: 4087:P. marmorata 4086: 4074: 4054: 4029: 4020: 4011: 4002: 3993: 3981: 3969: 3960: 3948: 3903: 3894: 3877: 3850: 3803:Superorder: 3797:Infraclass: 3687: 3667:. Retrieved 3653: 3640: 3636: 3626: 3617: 3611: 3592: 3588: 3578: 3569: 3541: 3535: 3523:. Retrieved 3517: 3511: 3504: 3484: 3477: 3457: 3450: 3426: 3419: 3400: 3394: 3382:. Retrieved 3378:the original 3371: 3364: 3352:. Retrieved 3347: 3338: 3326:. Retrieved 3321:the original 3307: 3297: 3272: 3268: 3262: 3250:. Retrieved 3236: 3224:. Retrieved 3220:the original 3215: 3206: 3186: 3179: 3167: 3155: 3130: 3126: 3119: 3090:(714): 1–5. 3087: 3079:Vulpes zerda 3078: 3070: 3038: 3029: 2983: 2979: 2969: 2955:cite journal 2916: 2912: 2902: 2887: 2882: 2870:. Retrieved 2866:the original 2861: 2855: 2848: 2799: 2795: 2749: 2746:BMC Genomics 2745: 2685: 2681: 2671: 2651: 2644: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2597: 2581: 2560:. Retrieved 2540: 2515:11250/174384 2497: 2493: 2486: 2466: 2448: 2414: 2410: 2404: 2385: 2382:"Arctic Fox" 2352: 2345: 2326: 2320: 2308:. Retrieved 2299: 2293: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2034: 2030: 2009: 1997: 1965:(1): 44–51. 1962: 1958: 1952: 1925:. Retrieved 1921: 1912: 1900:. Retrieved 1896:the original 1891: 1882: 1854: 1826:Merriam 1902 1821: 1808: 1804: 1794: 1773: 1769: 1759: 1749: 1742: 1730:. Retrieved 1721: 1715: 1707: 1695:. Retrieved 1688: 1679: 1667:. Retrieved 1653: 1647: 1641: 1596: 1588:Fennoscandia 1585: 1573:Medny Island 1570: 1566: 1562:top predator 1543: 1532: 1513: 1493: 1466:in northern 1441: 1437: 1433: 1395: 1375:last ice age 1368: 1340:Saskatchewan 1297: 1279: 1278:Arctic fox, 1270: 1264: 1258: 1247: 1241: 1208: 1198: 1188: 1184: 1182: 1177: 1169: 1161: 1153: 1137: 1132: 1124: 1092: 1061: 1028: 1013: 982: 940: 925: 903: 872: 848: 834: 833: 772: 764: 731: 727: 726: 717: 708: 699: 691: 665: 647: 639: 627: 600: 586: 564:, fish, and 543: 525:in the fox. 507: 493: 489: 485: 465: 462:Reproduction 456: 396:pups, fish, 383: 350: 346: 342: 337: 336: 332: 330: 315: 307: 299: 291: 283: 275: 267: 259: 212: 210: 194: 193: 181: 32: 9514:SeaLifeBase 9449:NatureServe 9371:iNaturalist 9278:Wikispecies 9202:M. sibirica 9184:M. putorius 9157:M. nigripes 9139:M. lutreola 9112:M. haidarum 9008:N. africana 8971:A. congicus 8962:A. cinereus 8953:A. capensis 8853:Sea otter ( 8831:L. provocax 8738:I. striatus 8659:Ictonychini 8554:M. melampus 8466:Wolverine ( 8444:P. pennanti 8367:M. moschata 8358:M. everetti 8304:M. leucurus 8262:A. hoevenii 8253:A. collaris 8203:M. capensis 8098:N. olivacea 8013:Olinguito ( 7969:Bassaricyon 7956:P. pygmaeus 7886:Bassariscus 7859:Procyonidae 7834:S. putorius 7825:S. gracilis 7743:M. mephitis 7734:M. macroura 7628:Red panda ( 7608:Musteloidea 7569:Ross seal ( 7522:Lobodontini 7454:Neomonachus 7382:P. sibirica 7340:P. vitulina 7305:Grey seal ( 7287:Harp seal ( 7179:A. pusillus 7143:A. forsteri 6978:Callorhinus 6912:Pinnipedia 6871:Musteloidea 6643:C. simensis 6607:C. lupaster 6476:Hoary fox ( 6469:L. sechurae 6442:L. fulvipes 6433:L. culpaeus 6329:(true dogs) 6288:Swift fox ( 6263:V. macrotis 6155:Nyctereutes 6064:Caniformia 6009:H. ochracea 5967:B. nigripes 5958:B. jacksoni 5845:U. javanica 5762:Herpestinae 5737:C. obscurus 5728:C. ansorgei 5708:Crossarchus 5564:(mongooses) 5553:Herpestidae 5533:S. durrelli 5524:S. concolor 5474:G. fasciata 5411:E. goudotii 5332:Herpestidae 5242:P. cristata 5103:G. thierryi 5058:G. maculata 5022:G. cristata 5013:G. bourloni 4766:Paradoxurus 4724:Binturong ( 4663:Hemigalinae 4640:Viverroidea 4603:Viverroidea 4562:F. nigripes 4414:Leopard cat 4399:P. concolor 4316:L. pardinus 4265:L. tigrinus 4256:L. pardalis 4247:L. jacobita 4238:L. guttulus 4211:L. colocola 3970:N. nebulosa 3940:Pantherinae 3820:Feliformia 3525:21 February 3350:. July 2019 2580:Arctic Fox 2453:Smithsonian 1732:23 November 1690:NatureServe 1669:19 November 1472:GPS tracker 1452:Spitsbergen 1342:, northern 1338:, northern 1308:Barents Sea 1136:in 1758 as 1063:Raccoon dog 736:of the fox 603:adaptations 597:Adaptations 578:ringed seal 570:polar bears 427:polar bears 394:ringed seal 94:NatureServe 38:Arctic fox 9629:Categories 9175:M. nudipes 9166:M. nivalis 9130:M. kathiah 9085:M. erminea 9076:M. altaica 9026:N. frenata 9017:N. felipei 8987:Mustelinae 8729:I. libycus 8643:G. vittata 8509:M. caurina 8286:M. anakuma 8164:Mustelidae 8151:Mustelidae 8127:see below↓ 8118:Mustelidae 8015:B. neblina 7926:(raccoons) 7897:B. astutus 7895:Ringtail ( 7871:Kinkajou ( 7843:S. pygmaea 7784:M. marchei 7642:Mephitidae 7510:M. leonina 7402:Monachinae 7373:P. hispida 7364:P. caspica 7161:A. gazella 7093:N. cinerea 6989:C. ursinus 6927:Odobenidae 6880:see below↓ 6860:see below↓ 6844:Pinnipedia 6762:Sun bear ( 6729:T. ornatus 6718:Tremarctos 6694:Ailuropoda 6632:Red wolf ( 6598:C. latrans 6521:L. adustus 6478:L. vetulus 6451:L. griseus 6381:Bush dog ( 6272:V. pallida 6270:Pale fox ( 6254:V. lagopus 6225:Cape fox ( 6105:Gray fox ( 5863:U. smithii 5695:H. parvula 5686:H. hirtula 5574:Mungotinae 5463:Galidictis 5436:Galidiinae 5364:Euplerinae 5347:Eupleridae 5336:sensu lato 5307:C. crocuta 5240:Aardwolf ( 5171:see below↓ 5112:G. tigrina 5085:G. poensis 5067:G. pardina 5049:G. letabae 5031:G. genetta 4929:Genettinae 4913:V. zibetha 4833:Viverrinae 4822:sensu lato 4817:Viverrinae 4786:P. jerdoni 4653:Viverridae 4612:see below↓ 4551:Sand cat ( 4358:A. jubatus 4183:C. caracal 4076:Pardofelis 3895:P. linsang 3836:Feliformia 3725:Arctic fox 3723:Photos of 3669:26 January 3212:"Wildlife" 3172:Arctic fox 2752:(1): 585. 2688:(37): 37. 2014:Arctic Fox 2002:Arctic Fox 1902:28 January 1617:References 1558:extinction 1424:Arctic fox 1364:North Pole 1358:) and the 1320:Hudson Bay 1312:Bering Sea 1244:subspecies 1230:Subspecies 1030:Fennec fox 905:Corsac fox 835:Arctic fox 671:sequencing 653:Physiology 590:snow goose 510:monogamous 431:wolverines 414:monogamous 333:Arctic fox 9559:Q23729182 9121:M. itatsi 9055:(weasels) 8918:Lutrogale 8855:E. lutris 8813:L. felina 8622:(grisons) 8545:M. martes 8488:(martens) 8406:Guloninae 8192:Mellivora 8065:N. narica 8006:B. medius 7997:B. gabbii 7988:B. alleni 7976:(olingos) 7945:Raccoon ( 7797:Spilogale 7683:C. chinga 7664:Conepatus 7620:Ailuridae 7419:Monachini 7331:P. largha 7001:Otariinae 6964:sea lions 6959:fur seals 6950:Otariidae 6835:Mustelida 6806:U. arctos 6668:Arctoidea 6625:C. lycaon 6580:C. aureus 6510:Lupulella 6422:Lycalopex 6299:V. vulpes 6297:Red fox ( 6261:Kit fox ( 6236:V. corsac 5980:Herpestes 5593:Meerkat ( 5352:(Malagasy 5254:Hyaeninae 5215:Hyaenidae 5130:G. felina 4544:F. lybica 4356:Cheetah ( 4274:L. wiedii 4263:Oncilla ( 4229:L. guigna 4200:Leopardus 4181:Caracal ( 4174:C. aurata 4109:Bay cat ( 4030:P. pardus 4028:Leopard ( 4003:P. tigris 3961:N. diardi 3879:Prionodon 3779:Kingdom: 3768:Carnivora 3643:: 55–68. 3384:11 August 3316:0362-4331 3104:198968737 3055:198969139 2921:CiteSeerX 2872:6 October 2562:8 October 2310:6 October 1989:129105385 1776:: 15–16. 1554:gray wolf 1460:Greenland 1304:Jan Mayen 874:Swift fox 767:, recent 759:monotypic 745:subfamily 582:omnivores 503:Carnivora 473:glaciated 435:red foxes 398:waterfowl 379:body heat 347:polar fox 343:white fox 189:Species: 161:Carnivora 127:Kingdom: 121:Eukaryota 9553:Wikidata 9454:2.100927 9441:14000873 9389:11028758 9337:46559217 9263:Wikidata 9101:Ferret ( 9035:N. vison 8896:L. lutra 8764:(otters) 8758:Lutrinae 8615:Galictis 8527:M. foina 8442:Fisher ( 8330:Melogale 8313:M. meles 8233:Arctonyx 8078:Nasuella 8056:N. nasua 8033:(coatis) 7947:P. lotor 7723:Mephitis 7482:Mirounga 7232:Phocinae 7213:Phocidae 7082:Neophoca 7028:Zalophus 6935:Walrus ( 6634:C. rufus 6616:C. lupus 6596:Coyote ( 6431:Culpeo ( 6372:Speothos 6308:V. zerda 6290:V. velox 6227:V. chama 5938:Bdeogale 5836:U. fusca 5675:Helogale 5645:M. mungo 5584:Suricata 5513:Salanoia 5420:E. major 5400:Eupleres 5231:Proteles 5220:(hyenas) 4984:(genets) 4535:F. chaus 4526:F. catus 4517:F. bieti 4397:Cougar ( 4347:Acinonyx 4325:L. rufus 4323:Bobcat ( 4272:Margay ( 4254:Ocelot ( 4227:Kodkod ( 4148:Serval ( 4111:C. badia 4100:Catopuma 4010:Jaguar ( 3994:P. uncia 3983:Panthera 3950:Neofelis 3868:Feloidea 3799:Eutheria 3793:Mammalia 3787:Chordata 3785:Phylum: 3781:Animalia 3663:Archived 3645:Archived 3348:BBC News 3246:Archived 3226:22 April 3108:Archived 3059:Archived 3010:16341006 2947:Archived 2943:10396181 2840:23126602 2778:26250829 2722:26568827 2636:17154503 2586:Archived 2553:Archived 2524:15982782 2494:Peptides 2475:Archived 2456:Archived 2431:51683546 2304:Archived 2266:87183522 2258:30158555 2206:45830118 2198:40511073 2154:31158070 2059:18744412 1874:62265494 1844:(2005). 1813:Archived 1786:Archived 1782:24525852 1726:Archived 1697:17 April 1692:Explorer 1605:See also 1520:trapping 1456:Svalbard 1344:Manitoba 1328:pack ice 1300:Svalbard 1215:Pliocene 984:Cape fox 723:Taxonomy 546:lemmings 515:Svalbard 445:Behavior 402:seabirds 386:lemmings 351:snow fox 248:Synonyms 221:Linnaeus 167:Family: 151:Mammalia 141:Chordata 137:Phylum: 131:Animalia 117:Domain: 74:IUCN 3.1 9607:ZooBank 9586:6545372 9428:1005972 9363:5219303 9103:M. furo 9048:Mustela 8997:Neogale 8844:Enhydra 8718:Ictonyx 8677:Vormela 8634:G. cuja 8561:Sable ( 8468:G. gulo 8433:Pekania 8418:Tayra ( 8215:Melinae 8027:Nasuina 7919:Procyon 7275:Phocini 6914:(seals) 6849:(seals) 6741:Ursinae 6683:(bears) 6678:Ursidae 6554:Dhole ( 6344:(zorro) 6218:V. cana 6128:Vulpini 6096:Urocyon 6080:Canidae 5872:U. urva 5376:Fossa ( 5296:Crocuta 4978:Genetta 4875:Viverra 4416:lineage 4338:lineage 4307:L. lynx 4163:Caracal 4137:lineage 4135:Caracal 4067:lineage 4065:Bay cat 4051:Felinae 4012:P. onca 4001:Tiger ( 3921:Felidae 3791:Class: 3770:species 3766:Extant 3370:"Naali 3277:Bibcode 3135:Bibcode 2988:Bibcode 2832:5009400 2824:1732725 2804:Bibcode 2796:Science 2769:4528681 2713:4644628 2690:Bibcode 2616:Bibcode 2532:7264542 2451:at the 2134:Bibcode 2039:Bibcode 1967:Bibcode 1927:8 April 1892:Animals 1811:: 171. 1546:red fox 1498:on the 1454:in the 1411:Iceland 1387:ice age 1383:Súðavík 1336:Alberta 1219:isotope 1205:fossils 1195:Origins 1168:λαγώς ( 1162:lagopus 1146:Lapland 1129:in the 942:Red fox 850:Kit fox 769:genetic 755:Canidae 748:Caninae 741:Vulpini 566:carrion 519:Iceland 406:carrion 374:adapted 177:Genus: 171:Canidae 157:Order: 147:Class: 92: ( 90:Secure 72: ( 9710:Vulpes 9599:998413 9532:404130 9506:775766 9493:404130 9467:494514 9402:622025 9376:233598 9269:Q82738 8793:Lontra 8481:Martes 7756:Mydaus 7650:skunks 6614:Wolf ( 6494:Canina 6324:Canini 6188:Vulpes 6084:(dogs) 5625:Mungos 4939:Poiana 4021:P. leo 4019:Lion ( 3925:(cats) 3694: 3548: 3492: 3465: 3438: 3407: 3354:1 July 3328:2 July 3314: 3252:19 May 3194: 3102: 3053: 3008: 2980:Nature 2941: 2923: 2894: 2838: 2830: 2822: 2776: 2766: 2720: 2710: 2659: 2634: 2530: 2522: 2429: 2392: 2360: 2333: 2264: 2256: 2204: 2196: 2178:Arctic 2152: 2057: 1987: 1872: 1862: 1780: 1490:, 1890 1468:Canada 1391:fossil 1354:, and 1316:Alaska 1255:Bering 1154:vulpes 1150:Sweden 1140:. The 773:Vulpes 765:Alopex 752:family 733:Vulpes 619:allele 611:morphs 607:pelage 539:salmon 469:eskers 437:, and 400:, and 359:Arctic 182:Vulpes 9527:WoRMS 9519:71172 9480:80193 9384:IRMNG 9345:EUNIS 9324:7G4SC 9311:64742 8942:Aonyx 8885:Lutra 8275:Meles 8045:Nasua 7320:Phoca 6777:Ursus 6569:Canis 6196:foxes 4506:Felis 3269:Oikos 3111:(PDF) 3100:S2CID 3084:(PDF) 3062:(PDF) 3051:S2CID 3035:(PDF) 2836:S2CID 2820:JSTOR 2632:S2CID 2556:(PDF) 2549:(PDF) 2528:S2CID 2427:S2CID 2262:S2CID 2254:JSTOR 2202:S2CID 2194:JSTOR 2150:S2CID 2055:S2CID 1985:S2CID 1848:. In 1778:JSTOR 1581:mange 1529:Skull 1516:voles 1170:lagōs 1158:Latin 762:genus 738:tribe 662:warm. 574:feces 558:birds 554:hares 550:voles 500:order 390:voles 370:biome 349:, or 9594:ITIS 9581:GBIF 9573:QLXH 9488:OBIS 9462:NCBI 9410:IUCN 9397:ITIS 9358:GBIF 9350:1600 9306:BOLD 8457:Gulo 7353:Pusa 5798:Urva 4388:Puma 4336:Puma 4287:Lynx 3692:ISBN 3671:2012 3589:Oryx 3546:ISBN 3527:2024 3490:ISBN 3463:ISBN 3436:ISBN 3405:ISBN 3386:2022 3356:2019 3330:2019 3312:ISSN 3254:2011 3228:2010 3192:ISBN 3006:PMID 2961:link 2939:PMID 2892:ISBN 2874:2014 2828:PMID 2774:PMID 2718:PMID 2657:ISBN 2606:)". 2564:2015 2520:PMID 2390:ISBN 2358:ISBN 2331:ISBN 2312:2014 2236:)". 1929:2023 1904:2019 1870:OCLC 1860:ISBN 1734:2012 1699:2024 1671:2021 1654:2014 1178:pous 1174:hare 714:Size 623:MC1R 562:eggs 529:Diet 331:The 225:1758 9568:CoL 9436:MSW 9423:MDD 9415:899 9332:EoL 9319:CoL 9293:ADW 3597:doi 3285:doi 3273:126 3143:doi 3092:doi 3043:doi 2996:doi 2984:438 2931:doi 2812:doi 2800:175 2764:PMC 2754:doi 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