Arianism - Knowledge

3178:"Arius wanted to emphasise the transcendence and sole divinity of God . God alone is, for Arius, without beginning, unbegotten and eternal. In the terminology of negative theology, Arius stresses monotheism with ever-renewed attempts. God can only be understood as creator. He denies the co-eternal state of the Logos with God since otherwise God would be stripped of his absolute uniqueness. God alone is, and thus he was not always Father. Following Proverbs 8:22–25, Arius is able to argue that the Son was created. For Arius the Logos belongs wholly on the side of the Divine, but he is markedly subordinate to God. The strong support that Arius received outside of the Egyptian metropolis, and from a whole series of prominent bishops, proves that in this historical situation, the theological ideas of Arius were not especially unusual. According to Alexander, Arius has assigned the Logos a place among created beings (which Arius explicitly denies); from that, he draws the conclusion that the Son/Logos of Arius is merely a man. This view is still to be found in the realm of popular scholarship and most recently led to the idea that 'Arianism', as a theology without a doctrine of the 3024:. Whereas Arianism teaches that God is incorporeal, the LDS Church teaches that God has a tangible body: "The Father has a body of flesh and bones as tangible as man's; the Son also; but the Holy Ghost has not a body of flesh and bones, but is a personage of Spirit. Were it not so, the Holy Ghost could not dwell in us." Whereas Arianism traditionally taught that God is incomprehensible even to the Son, the LDS Church rejects the doctrine that God is incomprehensible. Whereas Arianism teaches that Christ is ontologically inferior and subordinate to the Father, the LDS Church teaches that Christ is equal in power and glory with the Father. The two should therefore be carefully distinguished; they are more similar in what they deny than in what they affirm. 3239:—were baptized into Arian Christianity, and that these tribes settled in widely spread districts of the old Roman empire, a large number of Jews, already resident in those lands, fell under Arian domination. In contrast with the domination of the orthodox church, the Arian was distinguished by a wise tolerance and a mild treatment of the population of other faiths, conduct mainly attributable to the unsophisticated sense of justice characterizing the children of nature, but also traceable in some degree to certain points of agreement between the Arian doctrine and Judaism, points totally absent in the orthodox confession. The very insistence upon the more subordinate relationship of the Son—that is, the Messiah—to God-the-father is much nearer to the 3316:

Father, because it effectively destroyed the unity of the Godhead. Rather, they insisted that such a view was in contravention of such Scriptures as John 10:30 "I and the Father are one" and John 1:1 "the Word was God." Saint Athanasius declared that the Son had no beginning, but had an "eternal derivation" from the Father, and therefore was co-eternal with him, and equal to God in all aspects. In a similar vein the Cappadocian Fathers argued that the Holy Spirit was also co-eternal with the Father and the Son and equal to God in all aspects. The Church Fathers held that to deny equality to any of the Persons of the Trinity was to rob God of existence and constituted the greatest heresy.

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other like him. Therefore, there is one God of all, who is also God of our God; and in one Holy Spirit, the illuminating and sanctifying power, as Christ said after his resurrection to his apostles: "And behold, I send the promise of my Father upon you; but tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem, until ye be clothed with power from on high" and again "But ye shall receive power, when the Holy Ghost is come upon you"; Neither God nor Lord, but the faithful minister of Christ; not equal, but subject and obedient in all things to the Son. And I believe the Son to be subject and obedient in all things to God the Father.

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began to position Arius within the Origenist tradition, did it become possible to see that the development after Nicaea was not a conflict between 'Nicenes' and 'Arians', as common opinion claimed, but rather a debate on the nature of divine hypostasis—in particular, on the question whether it was appropriate to speak of one single or three distinct hypostases. A detailed discussion of the complicated sequence of events in this conflict from the beginning of the 330s through the 380s and individual portrayals of the key protagonists would, however, be beyond the scope of this chapter."

3009:, Latter-day Saint theology is a non-trinitarian (but not unitarian) form of Christianity outside of classical theism. Whereas Arianism teaches that God is eternal, was never a man, and could not incarnate as a man, the LDS Church teaches that "God Himself is an exalted man, perfected, enthroned, and supreme." Whereas Arianism denies that humans can become gods, the LDS Church affirms that humans can become gods through exaltation. Whereas Arianism teaches that the Son was created, the LDS Church teaches that he was procreated as a literal spirit child of the Heavenly Father and the 2406: 2521: 1950: 385: 2127: 11881: 10755: 1795:

unbegotten, nor in any way part of the unbegotten; and that he does not derive his subsistence from any matter; but that by his own will and counsel he has subsisted before time and before ages as perfect as God, only begotten and unchangeable, and that before he was begotten, or created, or purposed, or established, he was not. For he was not unbegotten. We are persecuted because we say that the Son has a beginning but that God is without beginning.

10744: 9544: 3080: 1239: 325: 2229:, while they rejected Arius and his teaching and accepted the equality and co-eternality of the persons of the Trinity. Because of this centrist position, and despite their rejection of Arius, they were called "Semi-Arians" by their opponents. The second group also avoided invoking the name of Arius, but in large part followed Arius's teachings and, in another attempted compromise wording, described the Son as being like ( 3341:

time. What he meant was that the Goths, being heretics, were at once enemies of the true God and inferior to the orthodox Franks in their supernatural backing. Considerations of duty, strategy, and self-interest all reinforced one another in Clovis's mind. However, it was not always the orthodox side that won. We hear of a battle fought a few years before Gregory became Bishop of Tours between King

2492: 1523: 1568:, which defined the dogmatic fundaments of Christianity; these definitions served to rebut the questions posed by Arians. Since Arius was not a bishop, he was not allowed to sit on the council, and it was Eusebius of Nicomedia who spoke for him and the position he represented. All the bishops who were there were in agreement with the major theological points of the 2217:, that is, to make it understood more exactly, as to 'coessential,' or what is called, 'like-in-essence,' there ought to be no mention of any of these at all, nor exposition of them in the Church, for this reason and for this consideration, that in divine Scripture nothing is written about them, and that they are above men's knowledge and above men's understanding; 1576:, they were vanquished with their own weapons, ultimately being declared heretics, not because they would have fought against ideas regarded as theologically correct, but because their positions lacked the accuracy and refinement needed by the fusion of several contradictory theses accepted at the same time by later orthodox theologians. 2927:, although Jehovah's Witnesses themselves have denied these claims. Significant similarities in doctrine include the identification of the Father as the only true God and of Jesus Christ as the first creation of God and the intermediate agent in the creation of all other things. They also deny the personhood of the 5393:

Most of them were Christians, but, crucially, they were not Catholic Christians, who believed in the doctrine of the Trinity, that God is one God but three distinct persons of the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit. They were rather Arians, who believed that Jesus was lesser than God

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said of the Goths in southern Gaul, 'I take it hard that these Arians should hold a part of the Gauls; let us go with God's aid and conquer them and bring the land under our dominion', he was not speaking in a hypocritical or arrogant manner but in real accordance with the religious sentiment of the

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Early in his reign, during a serious illness, Theodosius had accepted Christian baptism. In 380 he proclaimed himself a Christian of the Nicene Creed, and he called a council at Constantinople to put an end to the Arian heresy (which, contrary to Nicene doctrine, claimed Jesus was created), which had

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had defined at Nicaea, Constantine was also bent on pacifying the situation and eventually became more lenient toward those condemned and exiled at the council. First, he allowed Eusebius of Nicomedia, who was a protégé of his sister, and Theognis to return once they had signed an ambiguous statement

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A verse from Proverbs was used for the creation of the Son: "The Lord created me at the beginning of his work." Therefore, the Son was rather the very first and the most perfect of God's creatures, and he was called "God" only by the Father's permission and power. The definition of "Son" is ambiguous

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Arius's basic premise is that only God is independent for his existence. Since the Son is dependent he must therefore be called a creature. Arians put forward a question for their belief: "Has God birthed Jesus willingly or unwillingly?" This question was used to argue that Jesus is dependent for his

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First, the central focus of the creed is the Trinitarian nature of God. The Nicene fathers argued that the Father was always a Father, and consequently that the Son always existed with Him, co-equally and con-substantially. The Nicene fathers fought against the belief that the Son was unequal to the

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state clearly that the beliefs of Arius were acceptable ("not especially unusual") to a huge number of orthodox clergy; this is the reason why such a major conflict was able to develop inside the Church, since Arius's theology received widespread sympathy (or at least was not considered to be overly

1764:(c. 311–383), which concludes the above-mentioned letter by Auxentius, distinguishes God the Father ("unbegotten"), who is the only true God, from the Son of God ("only-begotten"); and the Holy Spirit, the illuminating and sanctifying power, which is neither God the Father nor the Lord Jesus Christ: 1591:

In addition, if any writing composed by Arius should be found, it should be handed over to the flames, so that not only will the wickedness of his teaching be obliterated, but nothing will be left even to remind anyone of him. And I hereby make a public order, that if someone should be discovered to

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Its purpose was also to hand down another version of Constantine's conversion, one that was different to that disseminated by pagan sources, and especially to amend the historical memory of the Arian baptism that the emperor received at the end of his life, and instead to attribute an unequivocally

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Little of Arius's own work survives except in quotations selected for polemical purposes by his opponents, and there is no certainty about what theological and philosophical traditions formed his thought. The influence from the One of Neo-Platonism was widespread throughout the Eastern Roman Empire

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The conflict in the 4th century had seen Arian and Nicene factions struggling for control of Western Europe. In contrast, among the Arian German kingdoms established in the collapsing Western Empire in the 5th century were entirely separate Arian and Nicene Churches with parallel hierarchies, each

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Arianism taught that the Logos was a divine being begotten by God the Father before the creation of the world, made him a medium through whom everything else was created, and that the Son of God is subordinate to God the Father. The Logos is an inner attribute of God that is wisdom, while Jesus is

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According to the teaching of Arius, the preexistent Logos and thus the incarnate Jesus Christ was a begotten being; only the Son was directly begotten by God the Father, before ages, but was of a distinct, though similar, essence or substance from the Creator. His opponents argued that this would

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There was a controversy between two interpretations of Jesus's divinity (Homoousianism and Arianism) based upon the theological orthodoxy of the time, one trinitarian and the other also a derivative of trinitarian orthodoxy, and each of them attempted to solve its respective theological dilemmas.

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that sees Christ merely as a man, could form a possible bridge to Islam. After the Synod of Nicaea, the debate shifted and became a debate over unity and trinity in the Trinitarian notion of God—a debate which is considered, unjustly, to be a further 'Arian controversy'. Only after researchers

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Some of them say that the Son is an eructation, others that he is a production, others that he is also unbegotten. These are impieties to which we cannot listen, even though the heretics threaten us with a thousand deaths. But we say and believe and have taught, and do teach, that the Son is not

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I, Ulfila, bishop and confessor, have always so believed, and in this, the one true faith, I make the journey to my Lord; I believe in only one God the Father, the unbegotten and invisible, and in his only-begotten Son, our Lord/Master and God, the designer and maker of all creation, having none

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at Alexandria for teaching a heterodox view of the relationship of Jesus to God the Father. Because Arius and his followers had great influence in the schools of Alexandria—counterparts to modern universities or seminaries—their theological views spread, especially in the eastern Mediterranean.

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The inhibiting and paralyzing force of superstitious beliefs penetrated to every department of life, and the most primary and elementary activities of society were influenced. War, for example, was not a simple matter of a test of strength and courage, but supernatural matters had to be taken

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For the theologians of the 19th century it was already obvious that in fact Arius and Alexander/Athanasius did not have much to quarrel about, the difference between their views was very small, and that the end of the fight was by no means clear during their quarrel, both Arius and Athanasius

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That the Arian bishop Eusebius of Nicomedia presided over Constantine's baptism was perhaps the most embarrassing aspect of the emperor's last days for some commentators writing several centuries later. Theophanes, a ninth-century Byzantine chronicler, claims it is a lie and that the bishop

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God is unoriginate, unending, eternal, constant, uncreated, unchanging, unalterable, simple, incomplex, bodiless, invisible, intangible, indescribable, without bounds, inaccessible to the mind, uncontainable, incomprehensible, good, righteous, that Creator of all creatures, the almighty

5376: 1395:, who insisted that Jesus (God the Son) was "same in being" or "same in essence" with God the Father. Arius stated: "If the Father begat the Son, then he who was begotten had a beginning in existence, and from this it follows there was a time when the Son was not." The ecumenical 3027:

The LDS Church teaches that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are three separate beings united in purpose: "the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit (or Holy Ghost)... are three physically separate beings, but fully one in love, purpose and will", as illustrated in Jesus'

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concerning the nature of the Godhead. Similarities between LDS doctrines and Arianism were alleged as early as 1846. However, there are a number of key differences between Arianism and Latter-day Saint theology. Whereas Arianism is a unitarian Christian form of

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make Jesus less than God and that this was heretical. Much of the distinction between the differing factions was over the phrasing that Christ expressed in the New Testament to express submission to God the Father. The theological term for this submission is

2827:, "breath" or "spirit" and "fighters", combining as "fighters against the spirit"), so called because they opposed the deifying of the Nicene Holy Ghost. Although the Pneumatomachi's beliefs were somewhat reminiscent of Arianism, they were a distinct group. 2175:, actually encouraged the Arians and set out to reverse the Nicene Creed. His advisor in these affairs was Eusebius of Nicomedia, who had already at the Council of Nicaea been the head of the Arian party, who also was made the bishop of Constantinople. 1725:

and returned to his people to work as a missionary, believed: God, the Father, ("unbegotten" God; Almighty God) always existing and who is the only true God. The Son of God, Jesus Christ, ("only-begotten god"), was begotten before time began. The

2105:, now bishop of Alexandria, the primary opponent of Arius. After this, Constantine had Athanasius banished since he considered him an impediment to reconciliation. In the same year, the Synod of Jerusalem under Constantine's direction readmitted 2055:, and is the aspect of God that is completely incomprehensible to mankind and human perception. It is all that subsists by itself and which has not its being in another, God the Father and God the Son and God the Holy Spirit all being uncreated. 3001: 2109:

to communion in 336. Arius died on the way to this event in Constantinople. Some scholars suggest that Arius may have been poisoned by his opponents. Eusebius and Theognis remained in the Emperor's favor, and when Constantine, who had been a

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have hidden a writing composed by Arius, and not to have immediately brought it forward and destroyed it by fire, his penalty shall be death. As soon as he is discovered in this offence, he shall be submitted for capital punishment. ...

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leader of the rather small Nicene community there, an act which provoked rioting. Theodosius had just been baptized, by bishop Acholius of Thessalonica, during a severe illness, as was common in the early Christian world. In February he and

2644:), which led to Arianism being a religious factor in various wars in the Roman Empire. In the west, organized Arianism survived in North Africa, in Hispania, and parts of Italy until it was finally suppressed in the 6th and 7th centuries. 7255: 7252: 7249: 2023:

that God the Father and the Son of God were not equal to the Holy Spirit. Under Arianism, Christ was instead not consubstantial with God the Father since both the Father and the Son under Arius were made of "like" essence or being (see

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arose in the late 3rd century and persisted throughout most of the 4th century. It involved most church members—from simple believers, priests, and monks to bishops, emperors, and members of Rome's imperial family. Two Roman emperors,

1572:, since at that time all other forms of Christianity "had by this time already been displaced, suppressed, reformed, or destroyed". Although the proto-orthodox won the previous disputes, due to the more accurate defining of 2532:

The apparent resurgence of Arianism after Nicaea was more an anti-Nicene reaction exploited by Arian sympathizers than a pro-Arian development. By the end of the 4th century it had surrendered its remaining ground to

2297:, however, revived Constantius's policy and supported the "Homoian" party, exiling bishops and often using force. During this persecution many bishops were exiled to the other ends of the Roman Empire (e.g., Saint 9266: 4910: 2293:, declared that he would no longer attempt to favor one church faction over another, and allowed all exiled bishops to return; this resulted in further increasing dissension among Nicene Christians. The emperor 3326:

divided the empire for over half a century. At Constantinople, 150 bishops gathered and revised the Nicene Creed of A.D. 325 into the creed we know today. Arianism has never made a serious challenge since.

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Some Account of the Origin and Progress of Trinitarian Theology: In the Second, Third, and Succeeding Centuries, and of the Manner in which Its Doctrines Gradually Supplanted the Unitarianism of the Primitive

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Letters to M. Gondon, Author of 'Mouvement Religieux en Angleterre', 'Conversion de Cent Cinquante Ministres Anglicans', Etc. Etc. Etc: On the Destructive Character of the Church of Rome, Both in Religion and

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Although much of the church hierarchy in the East had opposed the Nicene Creed in the decades leading up to Theodosius's accession, he managed to achieve unity on the basis of the Nicene Creed. In 381, at the

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of conspiracy, and Arius was, effectively, exonerated. Athanasius eventually returned to Alexandria in 346, after the deaths of both Arius and Constantine. Though Arianism had spread, Athanasius and other

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A Scriptural Defence of the Doctrine of the Trinity: Or a Check to Modern Arianism as Taught by Campbellites, Hicksites, New Lights, Universalists and Mormons, and Especially by a Sect Calling Themselves

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As debates raged in an attempt to come up with a new formula, three camps evolved among the opponents of the Nicene Creed. The first group mainly opposed the Nicene terminology and preferred the term

1836:, which was championed by Athanasius. For those theologians it was clear that Arius, Alexander and Athanasius were far from a true doctrine of Trinity, which developed later, historically speaking. 2468:

and his initial success in converting the Goths to Arianism was strengthened by later events; the conversion of Goths led to a widespread diffusion of Arianism among other Germanic tribes as well (

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to comment sarcastically: "The highways were covered with galloping bishops." None of these attempts were acceptable to the defenders of Nicene orthodoxy; writing about the latter councils, Saint

2182:, who fled to Rome. In 355 Constantius became the sole Roman emperor and extended his pro-Arian policy toward the western provinces, frequently using force to push through his creed, even exiling 2989: 3052:

states: "We believe in God, the Eternal Father, and in His Son, Jesus Christ, and in the Holy Ghost." Latter-day Saints believe that the three are collectively "one eternal God" but reject the

2553:. By the 8th century, it had ceased to be the tribes' mainstream belief as the tribal rulers gradually came to adopt Nicene orthodoxy. This trend began in 496 with Clovis I of the Franks, then 2019:). Arius taught that Jesus Christ was divine/holy and was sent to earth for the salvation of mankind but that Jesus Christ was not equal to God the Father (infinite, primordial origin) in rank 1824:

For Constantine, these were minor theological points that stood in the way of uniting the Empire, but for the theologians, it was of huge importance; for them, it was a matter of salvation.

2604:). The remaining tribes – the Vandals and the Ostrogoths – did not convert as a people nor did they maintain territorial cohesion. Having been militarily defeated by the armies of Emperor 2902:. Although the origins of their beliefs are not necessarily attributed to the teachings of Arius, many of the core beliefs of Unitarians and Jehovah's Witnesses are very similar to them. 2355:

had published an edict that all their subjects should profess the faith of the bishops of Rome and Alexandria (i.e., the Nicene faith), or be handed over for punishment for not doing so.

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The pagan Ammianus Marcellinus says of the councils under Constantius: "The highways were covered with galloping bishops;" and even Athanasius rebuked the restless flutter of the clergy.

9001: 11910: 8060: 1363:('dissimilar'), asserts a total dissimilarity between the Son and the Father. Arianism holds that the Son is distinct from the Father and therefore subordinate to him. The term 3632:

A Dictionary of the English Language: In Which the Words Are Deduced from their Originals; and Illustrated in Their Different Significations by Examples from the Best Writers

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It was not until the co-reigns of Gratian and Theodosius that Arianism was effectively wiped out among the ruling class and elite of the Eastern Empire. Valens died in the

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are virtually Arians in that they are unwilling either to reduce Christ to a mere human being or to attribute to him a divine nature identical with that of the Father."

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Instead, only 80 kilometers into his journey the infirm emperor fell deathly ill at Nicomedia, where he received baptism at the hands of the Arianizing bishop Eusebius.

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Constantine is believed to have exiled those who refused to accept the Nicaean Creed—Arius himself, the deacon Euzoios, and the Libyan bishops Theonas of Marmarica and

1403:, "The great majority of Christians had no clear views about the nature of the Trinity and they did not understand what was at stake in the issues that surrounded it." 9955: 8705: 7854: 552: 5856: 5753:

Wace, Henry; Piercy, William C., eds. Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century (1911, third edition) London: John Murray.

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to the eastern provinces). These contacts and the common plight subsequently led to a rapprochement between the western supporters of the Nicene Creed and the

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by his detractors, such as "murder, illegal taxation, sorcery, and treason", following his refusal to readmit Arius into fellowship. Athanasius was exiled to

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Indeed, even though there may be so-called gods in heaven or on earth—as in fact there are many gods and many lords/masters—yet for us there is one God (Gk.

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Some early Christians that were counted among Orthodoxy denied the eternal generation of the Son, seeing the Son as being begotten in time. These include

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during this period of its development could not have materialized without significant historical influences providing a basis for the Arian doctrines.

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has parallels with Arianism in that it affirms that the Father is the only true God and denies the preexistence of Christ. Thus, Iglesia ni Cristo is

8987: 7324: 3877: 3861: 3843: 2063:. This ecumenical council declared that Jesus Christ was true God, co-eternal and consubstantial (i.e., of the same substance) with God the Father. 1515:

was forced to sign the Arian Creed of Sirmium of 357 although the letter says he willingly agreed with Arianism. Such a deep controversy within the

2205:(of similar substance) were unbiblical and that the Father is greater than the Son. (This confession was later known as the Blasphemy of Sirmium.) 1391:; since then, Arianism has been condemned as "the heresy or sect of Arius". Trinitarian (Homoousian) doctrines were vigorously upheld by Patriarch 2255:". This is considered unfair by Kelly who states that some members of the group were virtually orthodox from the start but disliked the adjective 2994: 6180: 1872:

to describe the relation of Father to Son, and described these as "like" each other. Hanson lists twelve creeds that reflect the Homoian faith:

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Szada, Marta (February 2021). "The Missing Link: The Homoian Church in the Danubian Provinces and Its Role in the Conversion of the Goths".

8337: 3349:, in which the Huns 'by the use of magic arts caused various false appearances to arise before their enemies and overcame them decisively. 1344:

with the difference that the Son of God did not always exist but was begotten/made before time by God the Father; therefore, Jesus was not

3766: 8801: 1260: 7214: 10791: 10414: 8374: 7478: 3446: 2375:. This is generally considered the end of the dispute about the Trinity and the end of Arianism among the Roman, non-Germanic peoples. 2372: 2680:

from 1517, it did not take long for Arian and other nontrinitarian views to resurface. The first recorded English antitrinitarian was

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that condemned Arianism. Constantine the Great also ordered a penalty of death for those who refused to surrender the Arian writings:

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Brennecke, Hanns Christof (2018). "Arianism". In Hunter, David G.; van Geest, Paul J. J.; Lietaert Peerbolte, Bert Jan (eds.).

4038: 1253: 626: 525: 7208: 7062:"Arius in the Mirror: The Alexandrian dissent and how it is reflected in modern Unitarian Universalist practice and discourse" 5067: 2241:) the Father. Constantius wavered in his support between the first and the second party, while harshly persecuting the third. 384: 11930: 10426: 7582: 7317: 7028: 6935: 6879: 6837: 6815: 6794: 6709: 6685: 6661: 6478: 6409: 6388: 6298: 6249: 5701: 4741: 4490: 4440: 4143: 4111: 4080: 3776: 3749: 3697: 3512: 3049: 1443: 406: 2915: 10551: 9476: 8359: 5621: 2135: 530: 3630: 2513:

The Arian Germanic tribes were generally tolerant towards Nicene Christians and other religious minorities, including the

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of Origen is not identical to Arianism, and it has been generally viewed as closer to the Nicene-Constantinopolitan view.

10589: 9241: 8554: 6252: 4992: 3203:, started by Arius, bishop of Alexandria (d. 336), who taught that the Son is not equivalent to the Father (ὁμοούσιος gr: 2924: 5853: 3129: 2011:

The focus of the Council of Nicaea was the nature of the Son of God and his precise relationship to God the Father (see

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and Seleucia in 359, and no fewer than fourteen further creed formulas between 340 and 360, leading the pagan observer

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Chadwick, Henry (July 1960). "Faith and Order at the Council of Nicaea: a Note on the Background of the Sixth Canon".

4841:"The oneness of Essence, the Equality of Divinity, and the Equality of Honor of God the Son with the God the Father." 2510:

serving different sets of believers. The Germanic elites were Arians, and the Romance majority population was Nicene.

10937: 10475: 9574: 8791: 7190: 7152: 7115: 7096: 7007: 6977: 6858: 6629: 6497: 4670: 3971: 10899: 10719: 9496: 8569: 8468: 7927: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7310: 6464: 6263: 6054: 4885: 3200: 2973: 2911: 2070:—and also the bishops who signed the creed but refused to join in condemnation of Arius, Eusebius of Nicomedia and 1500: 1148: 925: 463: 216: 6225: 2931:, which some Arians historically affirmed. Jehovah's Witnesses exclusively worship and pray to God the Father, or 2138:

in Ravenna has had images of the Arian king, Theoderic, and his court removed. On some columns their hands remain.

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is derived from the name Arius; it was not what the followers of Arius' teachings called themselves, but rather a

11925: 11861: 11069: 9986: 9884: 9852: 9453: 8654: 8384: 8123: 8080: 7963: 7953: 7763: 7726: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7365: 6735: 2384: 2360: 2102: 1648: 1640: 1218: 613: 4337: 1418:—as either a begotten creature of a similar or different substance to that of the Father, but not identical (as 11915: 11851: 11119: 10924: 10784: 10678: 9927: 9842: 8979: 8968: 8936: 8763: 8682: 8113: 7883: 7799: 7690: 5267:"The Holy Creed Which the 150 Holy Fathers Set Forth, Which is Consonant with the Holy and Great Synod of Nice" 5221: 5018: 3607: 2661: 2197:

in 357 was the high point of Arianism. The Seventh Arian Confession (Second Sirmium Confession) held that both

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The First Council of Nicaea did not end the controversy, as many bishops of the Eastern provinces disputed the

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Harris, Tim (23 September 2004). "Cooper, Anthony Ashley, first earl of Shaftesbury (1621–1683), politician".

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has the Son always existed eternally with the Father or was the Son begotten at a certain time in the past?

937: 150: 11866: 10879: 10561: 10342: 10204: 9318: 9090: 8511: 8157: 8142: 8128: 8035: 8025: 7515: 6731: 6473:. G – Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. International Scholars Publications. 4831:]. Translated by Rose, Seraphim (Hieromonk). Platina, California: Saint Herman of Alaska Brotherhood. 4482: 4476: 3010: 2928: 2848: 2368: 1727: 724: 448: 288: 17: 7292: 5814: 4575: 2741:. These were commonly referred to as "Arians" due to their rejection of the Trinity, though in fact the 1988:. The Nicene Creed's central term, used to describe the relationship between the Father and the Son, is 11032: 11027: 10671: 10633: 10120: 8162: 8030: 7834: 6825: 6677:

Jesus, Interrupted: Revealing the Hidden Contradictions in the Bible (And Why We Don't Know About Them)

5668:, 3rd edition. Volume 15 of Sixteenth Century Essays and Studies. Ann Arbor, MI: Edwards Brothers, 1992 4583: 4579: 4213: 2844: 2773: 283: 7268: 6605: 4511: 3661: 11884: 11064: 10971: 10964: 10942: 10777: 10714: 10704: 10666: 10421: 10231: 10199: 10153: 10130: 8941: 8424: 7888: 7778: 7088: 7082: 6910: 2585: 2525: 2267: 1337: 1107: 930: 776: 7142: 4103:

Constantine and the Captive Christians of Persia: Martyrdom and Religious Identity in Late Antiquity

11104: 11089: 10904: 10889: 10694: 10599: 10594: 10409: 10374: 10300: 10256: 10251: 10048: 9874: 9719: 9616: 9611: 9187: 8963: 8931: 8826: 8506: 8319: 7812: 7748: 6308: 5661: 4850: 3041: 2613: 2194: 2179: 1721:

gives a picture of Arian beliefs. The Arian Ulfilas, who was ordained a bishop by the Arian bishop

1392: 1097: 900: 520: 453: 308: 303: 8347: 5498: 4594: 2835:

The teachings of the first two ecumenical councils—which entirely reject Arianism—are held by the

11219: 11109: 11099: 11094: 10914: 10894: 10851: 10379: 10113: 10018: 9907: 9857: 9714: 9631: 9606: 8234: 8174: 8050: 7932: 7731: 7333: 7244: 4861: 4564: 4553: 3244: 3109: 2840: 2758: 2754: 2657: 2396: 1981: 1714: 1664: 1580: 1565: 1534: 1461: 1396: 1169: 1153: 1016: 664: 590: 458: 206: 97: 6554: 5917: 5788: 4766: 4605: 4187:

orthodox baptism to him, imparted by Sylvester himself to a leprous and persecuting Constantine.

3502: 1284: 11621: 11054: 11049: 10976: 10871: 10699: 10290: 10148: 10090: 9981: 9960: 9725: 9548: 9491: 8894: 8781: 8399: 8020: 7941: 7917: 7349: 6960:

Theological Controversies and the Development of Orthodoxy: The history of the Christian church

6158: 6093: 5763: 4540: 4286: 4106:. Transformation of the Classical Heritage. University of California Press. p. 58 fn. 41. 3196: 3124: 2920: 2899: 2677: 2502: 2327:, who adhered to the Nicene Creed. This allowed for settling the dispute. Theodosius's wife St 2290: 2167:

in 269. Hence, after Constantine's death in 337, open dispute resumed again. Constantine's son

1993: 1920: 1552:. Arius taught that God the Father and the Son of God did not always exist together eternally. 1302: 1078: 962: 694: 537: 510: 346: 196: 31: 6805: 6784: 6675: 6651: 5840: 4430: 4133: 3963: 3957: 2259:

while others had moved in that direction after the out-and-out Arians had come into the open.

10919: 10809: 10758: 10357: 10083: 9892: 9795: 9750: 9679: 9523: 8889: 8831: 8722: 8717: 8595: 8589: 8389: 7937: 7902: 7807: 7721: 7503: 7236: 7225: 6897: 6611: 6594: 6577: 6560: 6185: 5157: 4101: 4068: 3114: 3065: 2388: 2244: 2067: 1977: 1953: 1929: 1787: 1722: 1607: 1603: 1561: 1225: 1102: 1068: 1048: 984: 547: 515: 470: 170: 165: 6925: 6749: 6720: 5941: 5419: 4791: 3535: 3432: 2593: 972: 11010: 10981: 10884: 10579: 10529: 10514: 10391: 10100: 10000: 9950: 9945: 9902: 9862: 9790: 9471: 8879: 8836: 8786: 8574: 8526: 8521: 8496: 8332: 8286: 8189: 8179: 8015: 8008: 7859: 7773: 7545: 7535: 7498: 6588: 5473: 2894:

Modern groups which currently appear to embrace some of the principles of Arianism include

2868: 2608:, the remnants were dispersed to the fringes of the empire and became lost to history. The 2597: 2485: 2405: 2343: 2320: 2275: 2052: 1916: 1415: 1122: 989: 915: 910: 895: 803: 744: 729: 709: 674: 542: 7262: 5247: 4714: 3211:), thereby provoking a serious schism in the Christian Church, which in turn affected the 2235:) the Father. A third group explicitly called upon Arius and described the Son as unlike ( 1742:– θεός), the Father, from whom are all things and for whom we exist, and one Lord/Master ( 1352: 145: 8: 11846: 11059: 10748: 10724: 10709: 10628: 10618: 10604: 10584: 10574: 10544: 10524: 10453: 10184: 10013: 9940: 9770: 9699: 9626: 9383: 9363: 9152: 9023: 8903: 8884: 8624: 8619: 8546: 8264: 8239: 8118: 8098: 8045: 7946: 7844: 7741: 7709: 7653: 6891: 5550: 4234: 3442: 3437: 3085: 2696: 2649: 2461: 2421: 2418: 2392: 2364: 2098: 1985: 1903: 1883: 1865: 1861: 1632: 1611: 1356: 1243: 1191: 1136: 1117: 994: 835: 830: 793: 641: 557: 329: 241: 160: 155: 140: 102: 6571: 6440: 6344: 6340: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6316: 5895: 2580:

were unlike the other Germanic peoples in that they entered the Western Roman Empire as

2178:

Constantius used his power to exile bishops adhering to the Nicene Creed, especially St

11229: 11081: 11020: 10909: 10841: 10817: 10623: 10569: 10480: 10470: 10261: 10176: 10125: 9735: 8851: 8601: 8531: 8448: 8436: 8413: 8209: 7983: 7824: 7768: 7758: 7560: 7344: 7049: 6540: 6532: 6452: 6176: 6020: 5455: 5447: 5358: 5342: 4686: 3879:

The British and Foreign Evangelical Review and Quarterly Record of Christian Literature

3240: 3045: 2723: 2457: 2400: 2298: 2263: 2071: 2044: 1909: 1508: 1388: 1368: 1329: 1160: 1031: 967: 942: 870: 781: 669: 658: 579: 443: 401: 201: 175: 7922: 7129: 5266: 2334:

Two days after Theodosius arrived in Constantinople, 24 November 380, he expelled the

1464:

was denounced at Rome for saying that Son is a work and creature of God. However, the

1371:. The nature of Arius's and his supporters' teachings were opposed to the theological 1092: 11905: 11005: 10856: 10831: 10660: 10539: 10445: 10369: 10268: 10241: 10160: 10108: 10058: 9817: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9765: 9755: 9704: 9396: 9323: 9058: 8776: 8695: 8690: 8644: 8584: 8453: 8249: 7634: 7555: 7493: 7186: 7167: 7148: 7125: 7111: 7092: 7024: 7003: 6983: 6973: 6931: 6875: 6854: 6833: 6811: 6790: 6755: 6705: 6681: 6657: 6635: 6625: 6544: 6503: 6493: 6474: 6456: 6444: 6405: 6384: 6352:

Bauckham, Richard (1989). "Review of Arius: Heresy and Tradition by Rowan Williams".

6294: 5697: 5459: 5439: 5362: 5350: 5132: 4666: 4662: 4486: 4436: 4177: 4169: 4139: 4107: 4076: 4075:. Cambridge Companions to the Ancient World. Cambridge University Press. p. 82. 3967: 3772: 3745: 3693: 3508: 3144: 3099: 3061: 3018: 2998: 2949: 2944: 2872: 2784: 2708: 2692: 2581: 2271: 2209:

But since many persons are disturbed by questions concerning what is called in Latin

2187: 2164: 2016: 2001: 1840: 1545: 1541: 1471: 1439: 1407: 1174: 1164: 1038: 1026: 999: 905: 890: 636: 571: 480: 339: 298: 119: 87: 50: 8639: 7065: 4042: 11428: 10800: 10404: 10246: 10221: 9800: 9760: 9528: 9251: 8536: 8476: 7864: 7849: 7550: 7530: 7525: 7508: 7488: 7230: 6695: 6524: 6436: 6432: 5689: 5577: 5546: 5431: 5334: 4658: 3216: 3154: 3037: 3033: 3006: 2969: 2769: 2700: 2645: 2410: 2286: 2149: 2012: 2005: 1730:

is the illuminating and sanctifying power of God. 1 Corinthians 8:5–6 was cited as

1668: 1549: 1465: 1426:) or as neither uncreated nor created in the sense other beings are created (as in 1400: 1372: 1211: 1058: 920: 865: 840: 595: 6958: 6604: 5711: 3507:. Georgetown University Law Library. Collegeville, Minn. : Liturgical Press. 2094:

of faith. The two, and other friends of Arius, worked for Arius's rehabilitation.

1949: 11037: 11015: 10959: 10929: 10813: 10613: 10519: 10310: 10008: 9229: 9219: 8909: 8811: 8749: 8491: 8442: 7988: 7643: 7296: 7018: 6869: 6848: 6468: 6399: 6366: 6284: 6027: 5860: 5124: 4911:"3 things Christians should understand about the Nicene-Constantinopolitan creed" 3428: 3029: 2864: 2836: 2796: 2792: 2738: 2497: 2488:

and began founding their own kingdoms there, most of them were Arian Christians.

2248: 1924: 1569: 1112: 1087: 1011: 885: 819: 749: 267: 112: 9009: 3792: 3689:

The Eternal Generation of the Son: Maintaining Orthodoxy in Trinitarian Theology

2363:

in Constantinople, a group of mainly Eastern bishops assembled and accepted the

2126: 11711: 11495: 11159: 10846: 10609: 10509: 10305: 10194: 10140: 10073: 10053: 9812: 9653: 9486: 9463: 9293: 9256: 9140: 9120: 9085: 9078: 8913: 8899: 8874: 8869: 8660: 8634: 8564: 8379: 8281: 8276: 8259: 8199: 8093: 8040: 7869: 7789: 7638: 7284: 6995: 6671: 6647: 5973: 5946: 5646: 4311: 3504:

The first seven ecumenical councils (325–787) p. 52: their history and theology

3293: 3134: 2685: 2612:

of 533–534 dispersed the defeated Vandals. Following their final defeat at the

2534: 2520: 2449: 2429: 2328: 2168: 2083: 2008:

is less often used but is a more overtly anti-Arian statement on the Trinity).

1935:

Three credal statements found in fragments, subordinating the Son to the Father

1810: 1748:– κύριος), Jesus Christ, through whom are all things and through whom we exist. 1476: 1341: 1201: 1196: 1186: 1063: 798: 739: 714: 651: 646: 631: 505: 313: 211: 6850:

God Against the Gods: The History of the War Between Monotheism and Polytheism

6786:

The Search for the Christian Doctrine of God: The Arian Controversy 318–381 AD

6528: 5874: 5693: 5394:

the Father (see Chapter Six). Most of their subjects, however, were Catholics.

4417: 4181: 3817: 3713: 11899: 11470: 11433: 11393: 11259: 10988: 10947: 10534: 10465: 10315: 10023: 9663: 9658: 9426: 9391: 9236: 9199: 9194: 9177: 9157: 9051: 8816: 8753: 8742: 8629: 8516: 8419: 8407: 8271: 8244: 8184: 7663: 7483: 6987: 6954: 6745: 6448: 6376: 5443: 5354: 5346: 5136: 4260: 4173: 3139: 2818: 2788: 2681: 2252: 2183: 2153: 1656: 1652: 1627: 1614:

in 335 (attended by 310 bishops), to address various charges mounted against

1527: 1512: 1453: 1427: 1305:

by all modern mainstream branches of Christianity. It is first attributed to

1140: 1006: 771: 734: 704: 699: 257: 124: 11572: 7064:. Sermons. Columbus, OH: First Unitarian Universalist Church. Archived from 6639: 6553: 6507: 5288: 4381: 3480: 11164: 11154: 11137: 10954: 10347: 10295: 10226: 10216: 9897: 9829: 9694: 9590: 9516: 9401: 9303: 9246: 9209: 9172: 9115: 9036: 8841: 8771: 8649: 8458: 8429: 8296: 7993: 7736: 7695: 6653:

Lost Christianities: The Battles for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew

5261: 4514:. Scotland: School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews. 4138:. Praeger Series on the Ancient World. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 113. 3119: 3104: 3053: 2895: 2811: 2800: 2780: 2750: 2716: 2609: 2577: 2465: 2324: 2314: 2262:

The debates among these groups resulted in numerous synods, among them the

2172: 2090: 2079: 1667:

were also Arians or Semi-Arians until the 7th century. The ruling elite of

1584: 1516: 1411: 1333: 1179: 621: 584: 495: 262: 107: 92: 7302: 5568:

Thompson, E. A. (1960). "The Conversion of the Visigoths to Catholicism".

5338: 4164:. In Hunter, David G.; Geest, Paul van; Lietaert Peerbolte, L. J. (eds.). 3662:"R.E. Roberts, The Theology of Tertullian (1924), Chapter 7 (pp. 140–148)" 1800:

Theodoret: Arius's Letter to Eusebius of Nicomedia, translated in Peters'

11646: 11604: 11527: 11440: 11308: 11298: 11209: 10993: 10649: 10399: 10362: 10211: 10063: 10038: 9935: 9506: 9446: 9436: 9416: 9406: 9373: 9275: 9224: 9214: 9110: 9046: 9031: 8481: 8342: 8313: 8254: 8229: 8224: 8088: 8003: 7897: 7878: 7587: 7081:

Brennecke, Hanns Christof (1999). "Arianism". In Fahlbusch, Erwin (ed.).

7051:

Nicaea and its Legacy: An approach to fourth-century trinitarian theology

6737:

The Closing of the Western Mind: The Rise of Faith and the Fall of Reason

3765:

Ramelli, Ilaria L. E.; McGuckin, J. A.; Ashwin-Siejkowski, Piotr (2021).

3301: 3243:

than to the conception of the full divinity of the Son, as enunciated at

3149: 3094: 2977: 2957: 2953: 2876: 2856: 2704: 2605: 2481: 2436:(later the subject of the letter of Auxentius cited above) was sent as a 2347: 2237: 2156: 1853: 1844:

controversial) and could not be dismissed outright as individual heresy.

1829: 1484: 1460:

was accused of Arianism for using terms like "second God", and Patriarch

1423: 1419: 1325: 1298: 1073: 1043: 1021: 880: 825: 788: 763: 485: 411: 82: 3017:

is a fundamental premise of Arianism, the LDS Church denies any form of

2990:

Beliefs and practices of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

1610:

in 337 AD, convened another gathering of church leaders at the regional

1456:. Tertullian is considered a pre-Arian. Among the other church fathers, 1348:

with God the Father, but nonetheless Jesus began to exist outside time.

11823: 11611: 11594: 11542: 11532: 11517: 11485: 11475: 11353: 11303: 11179: 11174: 11142: 10861: 10497: 10236: 10033: 9689: 9621: 9431: 9343: 9338: 9313: 9308: 9288: 9283: 9182: 9167: 9162: 9147: 9135: 9105: 8861: 8611: 8559: 8364: 8194: 7839: 7668: 7612: 7607: 7144:

Marcellus of Ancyra and the Lost Years of the Arian Controversy 325–345

6587: 6536: 6280: 6201:"The Trinity of traditional Christianity is referred to as the Godhead" 5451: 5330: 3342: 2852: 2745:, as they were later known, went further than Arius to the position of 2689: 2653: 2628:

Much of south-eastern Europe and central Europe, including many of the

2617: 2554: 2437: 2144: 2131: 2111: 2025: 1989: 1976:

By 325, the controversy had become significant enough that the Emperor

1833: 1731: 1615: 1449: 1376: 1321: 810: 609: 490: 431: 426: 9511: 5581: 5023:

Christian History | Learn the History of Christianity & the Church

4997:

Christian History | Learn the History of Christianity & the Church

4399: 2541:, the Arian missionary to the Germanic tribes, was dominant among the 1700:

as Arians have applied an adoptionist theology to defend the creation

1696:

called Logos only because of resemblance with the inner Logos of God.

11818: 11813: 11803: 11736: 11641: 11537: 11500: 11490: 11450: 11403: 11398: 11348: 11288: 11214: 11204: 11184: 11147: 11132: 10654: 10502: 10337: 10327: 10320: 10278: 10273: 10068: 10028: 9501: 9481: 9441: 9421: 9411: 9368: 9358: 9353: 9328: 9298: 9204: 9125: 9095: 9063: 8856: 8806: 8732: 8727: 8501: 8486: 8214: 8204: 7907: 7893: 7617: 7215:

English translations of all extant letters relating to early Arianism

6949:. Oxford Church Text Books (3rd ed.). New York: Edwin S. Gorham. 6890: 6704:. Vol. 1 : From Christ to pre-Reformation. Harper Collins. 6380: 5315:

Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum / Journal of Ancient Christianity

2880: 2860: 2742: 2727: 2637: 2562: 2558: 2130:

Once the orthodox Trinitarians succeeded in defeating Arianism, they

2082:. However, there is no evidence that his son and ultimate successor, 2047:

alone.) God the Father sent Jesus to earth for salvation of mankind.

2029: 1957: 1702: 1573: 1345: 1317: 1292: 1053: 845: 500: 436: 221: 6570: 5843:– Metaphysical Institute, 2010. p. 209. Retrieved 10 June 2014. 5435: 4359: 4161: 3921: 2134:

any signs that the perceived heresy left behind. This mosaic in the

1828:

suffering a great deal for their own views. Arius was the father of

11791: 11776: 11756: 11741: 11721: 11696: 11681: 11676: 11656: 11626: 11616: 11567: 11557: 11552: 11383: 11368: 11343: 11323: 11293: 11283: 11278: 11249: 11244: 11234: 11169: 11127: 10836: 10769: 10043: 9912: 9543: 9348: 9333: 9100: 9073: 9068: 8700: 8579: 8219: 7998: 7912: 7658: 7648: 7602: 7597: 6916:

Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature

6171: 6169: 3337: 3228: 3064:). In some respects, Latter-day Saint theology is more similar to 2746: 2665: 2589: 2566: 2546: 2491: 2473: 2453: 2282:

remarked that the world "awoke with a groan to find itself Arian."

2231: 1857: 1636: 1504: 1496: 1360: 421: 231: 226: 77: 38: 4338:"Plato: proto-trinitarian, or the Father of Arianism? – Trinities" 3265:

Arius believed that Jesus came into existence before time existed,

2983: 11808: 11796: 11786: 11761: 11751: 11746: 11726: 11716: 11691: 11631: 11589: 11562: 11480: 11413: 11408: 11388: 11378: 11333: 11328: 11318: 11313: 11254: 11239: 11189: 10743: 10352: 10332: 10189: 10078: 9130: 8737: 8667: 8327: 8291: 7261: 5764:"Trinity > Unitarianism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)" 3274:

Jesus was considered a creature but not like the other creatures.

3236: 3179: 3079: 3057: 2932: 2884: 2641: 2633: 2550: 2538: 2469: 2433: 2414: 2352: 2115: 2060: 1896: 1890: 1761: 1718: 1710: 1676: 1675:

adopted Arian beliefs upon their conversion to Christianity. The

1660: 1623: 1380: 1238: 875: 475: 324: 236: 180: 6930:. Cambridge Companions to Religion. Cambridge University Press. 6470:

The Doctrine of the Trinity: Christianity's Self-inflicted Wound

6166: 5289:"Arianism | Definition, History, & Controversy | Britannica" 4382:"Arianism | Definition, History, & Controversy | Britannica" 3764: 11828: 11781: 11766: 11731: 11706: 11671: 11666: 11599: 11584: 11522: 11460: 11445: 11423: 11373: 11363: 11358: 11271: 11266: 11224: 11194: 9559: 7753: 7673: 7540: 7289: 7229: 6428: 6424: 6372: 6005: 5978: 5326: 5322: 4886:"Arius and the Nicene Creed | History of Christianity: Ancient" 3224: 2712: 2573: 2445: 2294: 2279: 2148:, the central term of the Nicene Creed, as it had been used by 1984:, which condemned Arius's doctrine and formulated the original 1744: 1692:

existence since Jesus exists only because God wants him to be.

1492: 1480: 1457: 719: 4506: 4504: 4502: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3394: 1635:

church leaders crusaded against Arian theology, and Arius was

11701: 11686: 11661: 11651: 11636: 11579: 11547: 11512: 11507: 11465: 11455: 11338: 11199: 11042: 10285: 9745: 9684: 9641: 8301: 5741:. Encyclopædia Britannica 2007 Deluxe Edition. Chicago: 2007. 3860:

inst.), James Todd (examiner for the Protestant educ (1879).

3232: 3220: 2822: 2629: 2542: 2477: 2441: 2335: 2106: 2078:, the book in which Arius had expressed his teachings, to be 2048: 2036: 1969: 1783: 1672: 1619: 1488: 1306: 72: 7020:

The Living Word of God: Rethinking the Theology of the Bible

2640:

converted to Arian Christianity in 376 through their bishop

1820:

is the Son equal to the Father or subordinate to the Father?

1351:

Arius' trinitarian theology, later given an extreme form by

11771: 11418: 7087:. Vol. 1. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. pp. 6765:"If Jesus Never Called Himself God, How Did He Become One?" 6401:

The Meaning of Homoousios in the 'Constantinopolitan' Creed

6205:

Newsroom of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

6034: 4499: 4019: 3391: 3346: 2514: 1548:

and inherited from him a modified form of the teachings of

1530: 5815:"Arianism is taught by the Jehovah's Witness organization" 4456: 3644: 3642: 3379: 2484:). When the Germanic peoples entered the provinces of the 2043:

the Son of God is not a deity but divine (I, the LORD, am

5622:"GARIBALDO, re dei Longobardi in "Dizionario Biografico"" 5107:

The Complete History of the Christian Church (With Bible)

4948: 4695: 4634: 4622: 4535: 4533: 4007: 3886: 3536:"Newman Reader – Arians of the 4th Century – Chapter 1–5" 2923:

are often referred to as "modern-day Arians", usually by

2891:

entirely reject the teachings associated with Arianism.

2448:, a mission favored for political reasons by the Emperor 2004:, meaning "of the same substance" or "of one being" (the 1709:

Arians do not believe in the traditional doctrine of the

1522: 7164:

The Doctrine of the Trinity is Dead: The original gospel

5399: 4428: 3985: 3983: 2537:. In Western Europe, Arianism, which had been taught by 1555: 6751:

The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

5545: 5068:"Second Creed of Sirmium or 'The Blasphemy of Sirmium'" 4866: 4653:

Löhr, Winrich (23 October 2012). "Arius and Arianism".

3639: 3369: 3367: 3365: 2466:

Ulfilas's translation of the Bible into Gothic language

1956:

burning Arian books, illustration from a compendium of

1639:

and condemned as a heretic once more at the ecumenical

1410:

theological systems of the 4th century, which regarded

11911:

Christian denominations established in the 3rd century

8919:

Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America

6181:"The Only True God and Jesus Christ Whom He Hath Sent" 5863:

Michigan Skeptics Association. Retrieved 10 June 2014.

5651:

Hunted Heretic. The Life and Death of Michael Servetus

5175: 4530: 4241: 3608:"Athanasius, Five-time exile for fighting 'orthodoxy'" 1399:

of 325 declared Arianism to be a heresy. According to

9011:

Beliefs condemned as heretical by the Catholic Church

5854:

Ten Things You Didn't Know about Jehovah's Witnesses.

5377:"7.5: Successor Kingdoms to the Western Roman Empire" 4938: 4936: 4429:

Schüssler Fiorenza, Francis; Galvin, John P. (1991).

3995: 3980: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3932: 1643:

of 381 (attended by 150 bishops). The Roman Emperors

1606:, who was himself later baptized by the Arian bishop 1387:

Homoousianism was formally affirmed by the first two

6307: 5125:"The history of Christianity's greatest controversy" 5085: 4610: 4041:. fourthcentury.com. 23 January 2010. Archived from 3922:"The Story of the Church – Part 2, Topics 2 & 3" 3898: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3461: 3362: 3075: 2749:. The epithet "Arian" was also applied to the early 2671: 2171:, who had become emperor of the eastern part of the 2159:. Both the man and his teaching, including the term 2118:

on his deathbed, it was from Eusebius of Nicomedia.

5984:

Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

5952:

Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

5048: 5036: 4972: 4960: 4541:"Auxentius on Wulfila: Translation by Jim Marchand" 4195: 3553: 2817:A similar view was held by the ancient anti-Nicene 1852:Arianism had several different variants, including 7048: 6901:. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 6615:. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 6598:. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 5228:. University of Chicago. Vol. 1 Chap. XI 4933: 4518: 4422: 4135:Early Controversies and the Growth of Christianity 3944: 3565: 2623: 2620:went back north and (re)settled in south Austria. 2331:was instrumental in his campaign to end Arianism. 2089:Although he was committed to maintaining what the 1790:(died 341) states the core beliefs of the Arians: 37:Not to be confused with the racialist ideology of 6970:Archetypal heresy: Arianism through the centuries 6581:. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 6564:. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 4073:The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine 3589: 3577: 3215:in many countries. In view of the fact that most 2378: 11897: 6905: 6364: 4829:Orthodox Dogmatic Theology: A concise exposition 4432:Systematic theology: Roman Catholic perspectives 4405: 4039:"Emperor Constantine's Edict against the Arians" 3863:A Protestant text book of the Romish controversy 3404: 3184: 2787:, was towards Arianism, with which the names of 2285:After Constantius's death in 361, his successor 1579:Of the roughly 300 bishops in attendance at the 7280:by John Henry "Cardinal" Newman in "btm" format 6803: 6421:Brill Encyclopedia of Early Christianity Online 6230:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 6113:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 6074:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 4360:"A New Look at Arius' Philosophical Background" 4312:"The Early Unitarians: Arius and His Followers" 4166:Brill encyclopedia of early Christianity online 3915: 3913: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3524: 2995:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 2984:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 2916:Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs § Jesus Christ 2761:they were again largely Socinians, not Arians. 2342:, and surrendered the churches of that city to 1868:. Homoian Arianism avoided the use of the word 1774: 1597:Edict by Emperor Constantine against the Arians 6754:. New York: Harper & Brothers – via 6620:Clarke, Peter B. (2006). "Iglesia ni Cristo". 6492:. Front Royal, VA: Christendom College Press. 6463: 6040: 5936: 5934: 4767:"Athanasian Creed | Christian Reformed Church" 2935:, only through Jesus (the Son) as a mediator. 2768:, lay dying in Amsterdam—driven into exile by 2766:Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury 2086:, who was a Semi-Arian Christian, was exiled. 10785: 10459:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches 10158: 9575: 8995: 7318: 6397: 6365:Berndt, Guido M.; Steinacher, Roland (2014). 5819:Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry 4823:Pomazansky, Michael (Protopresbyter) (1984). 4818: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4701: 4478:The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325–787) 2074:. The emperor also ordered all copies of the 1261: 347: 7106:Davidson, Ivor J. (2005). "A Public Faith". 7016: 5688:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 3910: 3521: 3385: 2779:In the 18th century the "dominant trend" in 2668:(671), were the last Arian kings in Europe. 2308: 2101:in AD 335, they brought accusations against 2028:) but not of the same essence or being (see 30:"Arian" redirects here. For other uses, see 27:Christological doctrine, attributed to Arius 10816:origin primarily identified as speakers of 7332: 7166:. Lost Fundamental Doctrines. Vol. 1. 6871:The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church 5931: 5536:Procopius, Secret Histories, Chapter 11, 18 5306: 4481:. Collegeville: Liturgical Press. pp. 3622: 2810:article on Arianism: "In modern times some 2770:his outspoken opposition to King Charles II 2695:1550, the early Italian instigators of the 2664:(662–671), and his young son and successor 2428:During the time of Arianism's flowering in 1939: 10792: 10778: 9582: 9568: 9002: 8988: 7325: 7311: 6888: 6804:Heather, Peter J.; Matthews, John (1991). 6368:Arianism: Roman Heresy and Barbarian Creed 6279: 6135:"'Man Was Also in the Beginning with God'" 5726:Religious identities in Britain, 1660–1832 5181: 4822: 4809: 4742:"The Fathers of Nicea: Why Should I Care?" 4235:"First Council of Constantinople, Canon 1" 4220:, book 1, chapter 33. Anthony F. Beavers, 3841: 3768:T&T Clark Handbook of the Early Church 2373:Comparison of Nicene Creeds of 325 and 381 2367:, which was supplemented in regard to the 1944: 1679:actively spread Arianism in North Africa. 1268: 1254: 354: 340: 7161: 7080: 6418: 4825:Pravoslavnoye Dogmaticheskoye Bogosloviye 4261:"Arius | Biography, Beliefs, & Facts" 3373: 2636:respectively, had embraced Arianism (the 7285:Concise Summary of the Arian Controversy 7209:Documents of the Early Arian Controversy 7105: 6994: 6694: 6514: 6351: 5749: 5747: 5567: 5405: 5017:Reardon, Patrick Henry (8 August 2008). 4247: 4025: 3955: 3648: 3427: 2980:rather than Arian in their Christology. 2963: 2703:, who was burned alive by the orders of 2519: 2490: 2404: 2125: 1948: 1526:Imagined portrait of Arius; detail of a 1521: 1406:Arianism is also used to refer to other 990:Postliberal • Narrative 11857:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England 8743:Fostering of early experimental science 7250:Concordia Cyclopedia: Arianism (page 1) 6730: 6718: 6624:. London: Routledge. pp. 292–293. 6622:Encyclopedia of new religious movements 6602: 6585: 6568: 6551: 6487: 6175: 5872: 5685:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 5680:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 5474:"Clovis of the Franks | British Museum" 5417: 5054: 5042: 5016: 4978: 4966: 4616: 4357: 4335: 4201: 4159: 4126:Sylvester baptized Constantine in Rome. 3938: 3737: 3628: 3496: 3494: 3467: 2707:in 1553, and these were promulgated by 2602:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England 2035:In the Arian view, God the Father is a 1802:Heresy and Authority in Medieval Europe 1602:Ten years after the Council of Nicaea, 1379:Christians regarding the nature of the 14: 11898: 8847:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy 7220:A map of early sympathizers with Arius 7185:. Sources of Early Christian Thought. 7140: 7124: 6944: 6927:The Cambridge Companion to the Trinity 6867: 6846: 6782: 6744: 6670: 6646: 6619: 6293:] (in German). Walter de Gruyter. 6006:"Iglesia Ni Cristo (Church Of Christ)" 5994:– via Watchtower Online Library. 5962:– via Watchtower Online Library. 5677: 5103: 4954: 4942: 4872: 4739: 4640: 4628: 4284: 4066: 4013: 4001: 3989: 3904: 3892: 3859: 3818:"Catholic Encyclopedia: Pope Liberius" 2968:Other Biblical Unitarians such as the 2960:rather than Arian in its Christology. 2912:Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs § God 2905: 2432:, the Gothic convert and Arian bishop 2121: 1879:The Creed of Nice (Constantinople) 360 1860:. Homoian Arianism is associated with 859:From the Reformation to the World Wars 10773: 9563: 8983: 7306: 7224: 7180: 7147:. New York: Oxford University Press. 7059: 7046: 7002:(revised ed.). Wm. B. Eerdmans. 6967: 6824: 6762: 5896:"Trinity: Arius and the Nicene Creed" 5839:Institute for Metaphysical Studies – 5744: 5312: 5091: 4792:"The Athanasian Creed by R.C. Sproul" 4691:, Christian Classics Ethereal Library 4474: 4462: 4131: 4099: 3685: 3571: 3500: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3413: 2371:, as well as some other changes: see 1556:Condemnation by the Council of Nicaea 1444:Diversity in early Christian theology 407:Diversity in early Christian theology 10799: 9477:Community of the Lady of All Nations 7055:. New York: Oxford University Press. 6923: 5974:"Should You Believe in the Trinity?" 5158:"On battling Arianism: then and now" 4990: 4652: 4524: 4057: 3583: 3559: 3491: 3449:from the original on 10 January 2012 3256:Arius used the two words as synonyms 2938: 7211:Chronological survey of the sources 6606:"Semiarians and Semiarianism" 6441:10.1163/2589-7993_EECO_SIM_00000280 6132: 5418:Fanning, Steven C. (1 April 1981). 5222:"History of the Later Roman Empire" 5104:Schaff, Philip (18 December 2019). 4740:Farley, Fr Lawrence (23 May 2015). 4655:The Encyclopedia of Ancient History 4222:Chronology of the Arian Controversy 3919: 3336:carefully into consideration. When 2462:conversion of the Goths to Arianism 2225:(alike in substance) to the Nicene 1980:called an assembly of bishops, the 1847: 1546:Lucian's private academy in Antioch 1499:warlords both before and after the 24: 7162:Rodriguez, Eliseo (29 July 2014). 7039: 6953: 5954:. 1 September 1984. pp. 25–30 5875:"Modern Day Arians: Who Are They?" 4991:Hall, Christopher A. (July 2008). 3410: 2776:, and professed himself an Arian. 2684:, who was forced to recant before 25: 11942: 7201: 6021:Jesus: God the Son or Son of God? 5915: 5724:William Gibson, Robert G. Ingram 5596:"German Tribes org Lombard Kings" 4917:. 16 January 2014. Archived from 4435:. Fortress Press. pp. 164–. 3714:"Catholic Encyclopedia: Arianism" 3219:—such as the eastern and western 3013:. Whereas the creation of Christ 2672:From the 16th to the 19th century 2136:Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo 2114:much of his adult life, accepted 1968:In 321, Arius was denounced by a 1919:professed in correspondence with 1809:Principally, the dispute between 1713:. The letter of the Arian bishop 11880: 11879: 10754: 10753: 10742: 9870:State church of the Roman Empire 9589: 9542: 9265: 7278:The Arians of the fourth century 6895:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 6874:. St Vladimir's Seminary Press. 6832:. San Francisco: HarperCollins. 6609:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 6592:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 6575:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 6558:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 6257: 6243: 6218: 6193: 6152: 6126: 6101: 6087: 6062: 6046: 6012: 5998: 5966: 5909: 5888: 5873:Dorsett, Tommy (29 April 2003). 5866: 5846: 5833: 5807: 5781: 5756: 5731: 5718: 5671: 5655: 5640: 5614: 5588: 5561: 5539: 5530: 5525:Encyclopedia of barbarian Europe 5517: 5491: 5466: 5411: 5369: 5281: 5260:The text of this version of the 5254: 5248:"Sozomen's Church History VII.4" 5240: 5219: 5213: 4663:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah05025 4358:Ribolov, Svet (1 January 2013). 3959:The Story of Christianity Vol. 1 3842:Wordsworth, Christopher (1847). 3329: 3078: 2974:Church of God General Conference 2722:The antitrinitarian wing of the 2596:and others in Britain (see also 1501:fall of the Western Roman Empire 1237: 1149:Indigenous church mission theory 464:Template:History of Christianity 383: 323: 217:Gothic persecution of Christians 11921:Christian theological movements 11862:Christianization of Scandinavia 9853:First seven ecumenical councils 6807:The Goths in the Fourth Century 6726:. Crosby, Nichols, and Company. 5420:"Lombard Arianism Reconsidered" 5187: 5150: 5117: 5097: 5060: 5010: 4984: 4903: 4878: 4855: 4844: 4835: 4784: 4759: 4733: 4707: 4679: 4646: 4599: 4588: 4569: 4558: 4547: 4468: 4411: 4374: 4351: 4329: 4304: 4278: 4253: 4227: 4207: 4031: 3882:. Johnstone & Hnuter. 1875. 3870: 3853: 3835: 3810: 3785: 3758: 3731: 3706: 3679: 3654: 3319: 3309: 3286: 3277: 3268: 3259: 3250: 2624:From the 5th to the 7th century 2385:Christianity in the 5th century 1876:The Second Sirmian Creed of 357 1717:regarding the Arian missionary 1641:First Council of Constantinople 1583:, two bishops did not sign the 11852:Christianization of the Franks 10925:Continental Germanic mythology 10720:Relations with other religions 10126:Church of the East (Nestorian) 10121:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite) 8706:Separation of church and state 8375:Formal and material principles 8360:Separation of church and state 7130:"Arians of the Fourth Century" 6810:. Liverpool University Press. 6603:Chapman, Henry Palmer (1912). 6586:Chapman, Henry Palmer (1911). 6569:Chapman, Henry Palmer (1910). 6552:Chapman, Henry Palmer (1909). 6517:The Harvard Theological Review 4067:Lenski, Noel Emmanuel (2006). 3793:"Liberius | pope | Britannica" 3473: 3241:Jewish doctrine of the Messiah 3189: 3172: 2662:Grimoald, King of the Lombards 2379:Among medieval Germanic tribes 1626:) following his conviction at 13: 1: 8370:Hymnody of continental Europe 7521:Apostles in the New Testament 7245:Jewish Encyclopedia: Arianism 6763:Gross, Terry (7 April 2014). 6555:"Eusebius of Nicomedia" 6398:Bethune-Baker, J. F. (2004). 5986:. August 2013. pp. 12–13 5598:. 23 May 2011. Archived from 4688:The Seven Ecumenical Councils 4685: 4336:Spencer, Ian (5 April 2007). 3744:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. 3283:Ambrose of Milan, Epistles iv 3161: 2803:are associated. To quote the 2305:and the eastern Semi-Arians. 1310: 11931:Nontrinitarian denominations 7084:Encyclopedia of Christianity 5789:"The Trinity and other gods" 5712:UK public library membership 4406:McClintock & Strong 1867 3405:Berndt & Steinacher 2014 3355: 3185:Berndt & Steinacher 2014 2340:Demophilus of Constantinople 2323:in 378 and was succeeded by 2163:, had been condemned by the 1832:and Alexander the father of 1320:who preached and studied in 1293: 151:Demophilus of Constantinople 7: 11867:Christianization of Iceland 10427:Views on poverty and wealth 7818:Eastern Orthodox opposition 7183:The Trinitarian Controversy 7108:Baker History of the Church 7023:. Baylor University Press. 7000:Arius: Heresy and Tradition 6972:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 6656:. Oxford University Press. 6490:The building of Christendom 5570:Nottingham Medieval Studies 5549:; Brehaut, Earnest (1916). 5527:, (ABC-Clio, 2003), p. 128. 3738:Beisner, E. Calvin (2004). 3071: 3048:. Thus, the church's first 2849:Assyrian Church of the East 2460:played a major role in the 1775:Heather & Matthews 1991 1688:and this influenced Arius. 1163:in the broader movement of 449:Proto-orthodox Christianity 10: 11947: 10672:World Evangelical Alliance 10634:Traditionalist Catholicism 9549:Catholic Church portal 7835:Art patronage of Julius II 7181:Rusch, William C. (1980). 6963:. volumes III and IX. 6272: 6041:Buzzard & Hunting 1998 4475:Davis, Leo Donald (1983). 4214:Socrates of Constantinople 4069:"The Reign of Constantine" 3962:. Harper Collins. p. 3501:Davis, Leo Donald (1990). 2987: 2942: 2909: 2845:Oriental Orthodox Churches 2823: 2772:—he spoke to the minister 2757:, though in denial of the 2699:committed to the views of 2409:The ceiling mosaic of the 2382: 2312: 1997: 1786:(c. 250–336) to the Arian 1682: 1671:was Arian until 589. Many 1540:Arius had been a pupil of 1437: 1383:and the nature of Christ. 1288: 36: 29: 11875: 11837: 11118: 11080: 10870: 10824: 10807: 10737: 10687: 10667:World Council of Churches 10642: 10560: 10444: 10435: 10390: 10175: 10159: 10154:Latter Day Saint movement 10139: 10099: 9999: 9980: 9926: 9883: 9828: 9734: 9713: 9672: 9640: 9597: 9537: 9462: 9382: 9274: 9263: 9022: 8927: 8762: 8681: 8610: 8545: 8467: 8398: 8338:Calvinist–Arminian debate 8312: 8079: 7962: 7798: 7689: 7571: 7469: 7358: 7340: 7017:Witherington, B. (2007). 6945:Pullan, Leighton (1905). 6889:Macpherson, Ewan (1912). 6868:Lossky, Vladimir (1976). 6847:Kirsch, Jonathan (2004). 6830:Early Christian Doctrines 6783:Hanson, R. P. C. (2005). 6529:10.1017/S0017816000027000 5942:"We Worship What We Know" 5841:The Arian Christian Bible 5129:Christian Science Monitor 4993:"How Arianism Almost Won" 3771:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2586:Chalcedonian Christianity 2361:Second Ecumenical Council 2309:Council of Constantinople 2268:Fourth Council of Sirmium 1882:The creed put forward by 1651:(364–378) were Arians or 1533:, c. 1591, depicting the 1472:Controversy over Arianism 1433: 1108:Conservative Christianity 553:Persecution and tolerance 11105:North Germanic languages 11090:Germanic parent language 10695:Anti-Christian sentiment 9875:Christian biblical canon 8827:Christian existentialism 6947:Early Christian Doctrine 6589:"Paul of Samosata" 6488:Carroll, Warren (1987). 6467:; Hunting, C.F. (1998). 6309:Athanasius of Alexandria 6226:"Gospel Topics: Godhead" 5662:George Huntston Williams 4512:"Newton's Arian beliefs" 4287:"Arius and Neoplatonism" 4132:Kaatz, Kevin W. (2012). 3956:Gonzalez, Justo (1984). 3849:. F. & J. Rivington. 3629:Johnson, Samuel (1828). 3166: 2851:and almost all historic 2830: 2614:Battle of Mons Lactarius 2195:Third Council of Sirmium 2180:Athanasius of Alexandria 2051:is essence or being, in 1940:Struggles with orthodoxy 1902:The creed attributed to 1813:and Arianism was about: 1393:Athanasius of Alexandria 1098:Progressive Christianity 911:Fundamental/foundational 521:Theological hermeneutics 309:Paul I of Constantinople 304:Athanasius of Alexandria 11110:West Germanic languages 11100:East Germanic languages 11095:Proto-Germanic language 10915:Proto-Germanic folklore 10852:Romano-Germanic culture 10749:Christianity portal 9908:Investiture Controversy 7334:History of Christianity 7269:The American Cyclopædia 6968:Wiles, Maurice (1996). 6924:Phan, Peter C. (2011). 6291:The Works of Athanasius 5739:Encyclopædia Britannica 5666:The Radical Reformation 4408:, p. 45, Volume 7. 4285:Hesiod (24 June 2022). 4160:Canella, Tessa (2018). 3926:The Story of the Church 3485:Encyclopædia Britannica 3130:History of Unitarianism 3110:First Council of Nicaea 2997:(LDS Church) teaches a 2841:Eastern Orthodox Church 2805:Encyclopædia Britannica 2759:pre-existence of Christ 2658:Third Council of Toledo 2397:Kingdom of the Lombards 2201:(of one substance) and 1982:First Council of Nicaea 1945:First Council of Nicaea 1715:Auxentius of Durostorum 1566:First Council of Nicaea 1535:First Council of Nicaea 1462:Dionysius of Alexandria 1397:First Council of Nicaea 1299:Christological doctrine 1244:Christianity portal 688:Post-Nicene development 459:History of Christianity 369:Part of a series on the 330:Christianity portal 294:Alexander of Alexandria 207:Auxentius of Durostorum 98:First Council of Nicaea 11926:Nature of Jesus Christ 10700:Christian universalism 10091:Western Rite Orthodoxy 9936:Protestant Reformation 8895:Fourth Great Awakening 8782:Second Great Awakening 8021:Fall of Constantinople 7813:Development of primacy 7295:1 January 2019 at the 7141:Parvis, Sarah (2006). 6919:. Vol. 7. Harper. 6892:"Flavius Valens" 6159:Doctrine and Covenants 6139:Church of Jesus Christ 6094:Doctrine and Covenants 3692:. InterVarsity Press. 3306: 3125:God-man (Christianity) 2678:Protestant Reformation 2588:, led by their kings, 2584:and were converted to 2529: 2506: 2503:illuminated manuscript 2425: 2270:in 358 and the double 2219: 2152:, who had advocated a 2139: 1965: 1921:Ursacius of Singidunum 1807: 1780: 1758: 1600: 1537: 1369:term used by outsiders 1340:, who was begotten by 995:Continental philosophy 538:Philosophical theology 289:Achillas of Alexandria 197:Asterius of Cappadocia 32:Arian (disambiguation) 11916:Christian terminology 10920:Anglo-Saxon mythology 10810:Ethnolinguistic group 10358:Anointing of the Sick 9524:Positive Christianity 8890:Reformed epistemology 8832:Third Great Awakening 8802:Seventh-day Adventist 8723:First Great Awakening 8596:Book of Common Prayer 8390:Protestant work ethic 7933:Independent Catholics 7884:Monastery dissolution 7237:Catholic Encyclopedia 7047:Ayres, Lewis (2004). 6898:Catholic Encyclopedia 6612:Catholic Encyclopedia 6595:Catholic Encyclopedia 6578:Catholic Encyclopedia 6572:"Pope Liberius" 6561:Catholic Encyclopedia 6313:History of the Arians 5918:"Jehovah's Witnesses" 5694:10.1093/ref:odnb/6208 5555:History of the Franks 5499:"Goths and Visigoths" 5478:www.britishmuseum.org 5381:Humanities LibreTexts 5339:10.1515/zac-2020-0053 5226:penelope.uchicago.edu 5072:www.fourthcentury.com 4291:Discourses on Minerva 4100:Smith, Kyle (2019) . 3686:Giles, Kevin (2012). 3297: 3115:Germanic Christianity 3066:Social trinitarianism 2964:Other Socinian groups 2523: 2494: 2408: 2389:Germanic Christianity 2247:labeled the party of 2245:Epiphanius of Salamis 2207: 2129: 2068:Secundus of Ptolemais 1952: 1895:The creed uttered by 1889:The Rule of Faith of 1792: 1788:Eusebius of Nicomedia 1766: 1736: 1723:Eusebius of Nicomedia 1608:Eusebius of Nicomedia 1604:Constantine the Great 1589: 1562:Constantine the Great 1525: 1414:—the Son of God, the 1103:Moderate Christianity 1093:extraterrestrial life 548:Christian apologetics 471:Ecclesiastical polity 171:Eustathius of Sebaste 166:Eusebius of Nicomedia 10679:Nondenominationalism 10552:Role in civilization 10019:Independent Catholic 9961:Relations with Islam 9941:Catholic Reformation 8713:Edicts of toleration 8522:Three Forms of Unity 8287:Bohemian Reformation 7860:Catholic Reformation 7717:Roman state religion 7536:Council of Jerusalem 6719:Forrest, J. (1856). 6026:18 July 2019 at the 5859:14 July 2014 at the 5523:Frassetto, Michael, 5131:. 9 September 1999. 4657:. pp. 716–720. 3741:God in Three Persons 3635:. Beeves and Turner. 3540:www.newmanreader.org 3213:fortunes of the Jews 3060:(that the three are 3046:martyrdom of Stephen 2869:Continental Reformed 2598:Christianity in Gaul 2486:Western Roman Empire 2344:Gregory of Nazianzus 2321:Battle of Adrianople 2276:Ammianus Marcellinus 2053:Eastern Christianity 1899:on his deathbed, 383 1839:Guido M. Berndt and 1663:(433?–493), and the 1123:Evangelical theology 956:Since the World Wars 896:Restoration Movement 710:Byzantine Iconoclasm 543:Christian philosophy 65:History and theology 11847:Gothic Christianity 10725:Unlimited atonement 10710:Cultural Christians 10149:Jehovah's Witnesses 9771:Sermon on the Mount 9700:Christian tradition 9627:Lists of Christians 9492:Jehovah's Witnesses 9364:Spanish Adoptionism 8885:Liberation theology 8792:Jehovah's Witnesses 8625:Radical Reformation 8353:Resistance theories 8240:Christian mysticism 8235:Early Scholasticism 7947:Ecclesial community 7845:Counter-Reformation 7710:Constantinian shift 7068:on 16 February 2007 6177:Holland, Jeffrey R. 4796:Ligonier Ministries 4643:, pp. 558–559. 4631:, pp. 557–558. 4028:, pp. 171–195. 4016:, pp. 253–255. 3895:, pp. 127–128. 3443:Kopelman Foundation 3438:Jewish Encyclopedia 3086:Christianity portal 2976:are also typically 2921:Jehovah's Witnesses 2906:Jehovah's Witnesses 2900:Jehovah's Witnesses 2855:churches including 2726:separated from the 2697:Radical Reformation 2652:through their king 2650:Nicene Christianity 2592:of the Franks, and 2505:of the Gothic Bible 2422:Theodoric the Great 2393:Gothic Christianity 2365:Nicene Creed of 381 2122:Aftermath of Nicaea 2099:First Synod of Tyre 1986:Nicene Creed of 325 1760:The creed of Arian 1754:1 Corinthians 8:5–6 1706:of Jesus from God. 1655:, as was the first 1612:First Synod of Tyre 1487:, as did prominent 1483:, became Arians or 1389:ecumenical councils 1118:Confessing Movement 642:Cappadocian Fathers 558:Historical theology 284:Peter of Alexandria 242:Theodoric the Great 161:Eunomius of Cyzicus 156:Eudoxius of Antioch 141:Acacius of Caesarea 103:Gothic Christianity 11230:Germani cisrhenani 10938:Funerary practices 10842:Pre-Roman Iron Age 10818:Germanic languages 10570:Crusading movement 9838:Ante-Nicene period 9059:Antidicomarianites 8959:Oriental Orthodoxy 8602:King James Version 8414:Ninety-five Theses 8210:Apostolic Brethren 7984:Church of the East 7979:Oriental Orthodoxy 7825:Crusading movement 7345:Early Christianity 7126:Newman, John Henry 6853:. Viking Compass. 6404:. Wipf and Stock. 6133:McBride, Matthew. 6109:"Mother in Heaven" 5768:plato.stanford.edu 5557:. pp. ix–xxv. 5383:. 16 December 2016 5293:www.britannica.com 4702:Bethune-Baker 2004 4386:www.britannica.com 4265:www.britannica.com 3797:www.britannica.com 3666:www.tertullian.org 3431:; Krauss, Samuel. 3068:than to Arianism. 3056:definition of the 2783:, particularly in 2724:Polish Reformation 2594:Æthelberht of Kent 2530: 2507: 2458:Danubian provinces 2426: 2401:Visigothic Kingdom 2299:Hilary of Poitiers 2264:Council of Serdica 2140: 2072:Theognis of Nicaea 1966: 1910:Auxentius of Milan 1538: 974:Nouvelle théologie 968:Situational ethics 926:Catholic Modernism 627:ante-Nicene period 444:Early Christianity 402:Christian theology 377:Christian theology 250:Modern semi-Arians 202:Auxentius of Milan 176:George of Laodicea 11893: 11892: 11065:Gothic and Vandal 10857:Germanic Iron Age 10832:Nordic Bronze Age 10814:Northern European 10767: 10766: 10733: 10732: 10661:Charta Oecumenica 10171: 10170: 10161:Iglesia ni Cristo 9976: 9975: 9956:French Revolution 9946:Thirty Years' War 9818:Apostolic fathers 9786:Great Commandment 9557: 9556: 9397:Consubstantiation 8977: 8976: 8954:Eastern Orthodoxy 8822:Finnish Awakening 8777:Holiness movement 8718:Congregationalism 8677: 8676: 8537:Metrical psalters 7974:Eastern Orthodoxy 7918:Neo-Scholasticism 7625:Canon development 7526:Jewish Christians 7060:Belletini, Mark. 7030:978-1-60258-017-6 6937:978-0-521-87739-8 6881:978-0-913836-31-6 6839:978-0-06-064334-8 6817:978-0-85323-426-5 6796:978-0-567-03092-4 6789:. A&C Black. 6756:Project Gutenberg 6711:978-0-310-20580-7 6696:Ferguson, Everett 6687:978-0-06-186328-8 6663:978-0-19-972712-4 6480:978-1-57309-310-1 6411:978-1-59244-898-2 6390:978-14-09-44659-0 6300:978-3-11-019104-2 6250:Articles of Faith 6179:(November 2007), 6059:. L. Colby, 1846. 6052:Mattison, Hiram. 5710:(Subscription or 5703:978-0-19-861412-8 5582:10.1484/J.NMS.3.5 5199:Christian History 4890:blogs.uoregon.edu 4875:, pp. 50–51. 4492:978-0-8146-5616-7 4442:978-0-8006-2460-6 4168:. Leiden: Brill. 4145:978-0-313-38360-1 4113:978-0-520-30839-8 4082:978-0-521-52157-4 4045:on 19 August 2011 3920:Ritchie, Mark S. 3822:www.newadvent.org 3778:978-0-567-68039-6 3751:978-1-59244-545-5 3718:www.newadvent.org 3699:978-0-8308-3965-0 3514:978-0-8146-5616-7 3386:Witherington 2007 3145:Nontrinitarianism 3100:Arian controversy 2950:Iglesia ni Cristo 2945:Iglesia ni Cristo 2939:Iglesia ni Cristo 2873:Congregationalist 2785:Latitudinarianism 2709:Giorgio Biandrata 2693:Council of Venice 2291:Rome's pagan gods 2272:Council of Rimini 2188:Antipope Felix II 2165:Synods of Antioch 2017:Synods of Antioch 2002:Consubstantiality 1841:Roland Steinacher 1581:Council of Nicaea 1542:Lucian of Antioch 1440:Arian controversy 1355:and his disciple 1314: AD 256–336 1278: 1277: 1165:Feminist theology 1137:Contextualisation 1000:Radical orthodoxy 906:Dogmatic theology 891:Holiness movement 637:Apostolic Fathers 572:Ecumenical Creeds 481:Nontrinitarianism 364: 363: 314:Nicholas of Myrra 299:Hosius of Corduba 146:Aëtius of Antioch 120:Lucian of Antioch 88:Arian controversy 16:(Redirected from 11938: 11883: 11882: 11839:Christianization 11429:Ripuarian Franks 10801:Germanic peoples 10794: 10787: 10780: 10771: 10770: 10757: 10756: 10747: 10746: 10590:Environmentalism 10540:Church buildings 10442: 10441: 10257:Eastern Orthodox 10252:Eastern Catholic 10164: 10163: 10131:Eastern Catholic 10109:Eastern Orthodox 9997: 9996: 9918:Age of Discovery 9903:East–West Schism 9801:Great Commission 9732: 9731: 9584: 9577: 9570: 9561: 9560: 9547: 9546: 9529:Reincarnationism 9269: 9252:Subordinationism 9237:Pneumatomachians 9168:Melchisedechians 9004: 8997: 8990: 8981: 8980: 8396: 8395: 7783:Non-Chalcedonian 7764:Constantinople I 7556:General epistles 7551:Pauline epistles 7531:Paul the Apostle 7509:Great Commission 7327: 7320: 7313: 7304: 7303: 7273: 7265: 7263:"Arianism" 7241: 7233: 7231:"Arianism" 7196: 7177: 7158: 7137: 7134:newmanreader.org 7121: 7102: 7077: 7075: 7073: 7056: 7054: 7034: 7013: 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At the 2646:Visigothic Spain 2501:, a 6th-century 2419:Ostrogothic King 2411:Arian Baptistery 2150:Paul of Samosata 2013:Paul of Samosata 2006:Athanasian Creed 1999: 1886:at Seleucia, 359 1858:Homoian Arianism 1848:Homoian Arianism 1805: 1778: 1756: 1669:Visigothic Spain 1633:Nicene Christian 1598: 1550:Paul of Samosata 1511:were Arian, and 1503:. 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10847:Roman Iron Age 10844: 10839: 10834: 10828: 10826: 10822: 10821: 10808: 10805: 10804: 10797: 10796: 10789: 10782: 10774: 10765: 10764: 10762: 10761: 10751: 10738: 10735: 10734: 10731: 10730: 10728: 10727: 10722: 10717: 10712: 10707: 10702: 10697: 10691: 10689: 10685: 10684: 10682: 10681: 10676: 10675: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10652: 10646: 10644: 10640: 10639: 10637: 10636: 10631: 10626: 10621: 10616: 10607: 10602: 10600:Fundamentalism 10597: 10595:Existentialism 10592: 10587: 10582: 10577: 10572: 10566: 10564: 10558: 10557: 10555: 10554: 10549: 10548: 10547: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10506: 10505: 10495: 10494: 10493: 10488: 10486:God the Father 10483: 10478: 10473: 10463: 10462: 10461: 10450: 10448: 10439: 10433: 10432: 10430: 10429: 10424: 10419: 10418: 10417: 10407: 10402: 10396: 10394: 10388: 10387: 10385: 10384: 10383: 10382: 10372: 10367: 10366: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10325: 10324: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10306:Body of Christ 10303: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10282: 10281: 10271: 10266: 10265: 10264: 10259: 10254: 10249: 10239: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10208: 10207: 10202: 10197: 10192: 10181: 10179: 10173: 10172: 10169: 10168: 10166: 10165: 10156: 10151: 10145: 10143: 10141:Restorationist 10137: 10136: 10134: 10133: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10117: 10116: 10105: 10103: 10097: 10096: 10094: 10093: 10088: 10087: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10066: 10061: 10056: 10051: 10046: 10041: 10036: 10031: 10021: 10016: 10011: 10005: 10003: 9994: 9978: 9977: 9974: 9973: 9971: 9970: 9969: 9968: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9932: 9930: 9924: 9923: 9921: 9920: 9915: 9910: 9905: 9900: 9895: 9889: 9887: 9881: 9880: 9878: 9877: 9872: 9867: 9866: 9865: 9860: 9850: 9845: 9843:Late antiquity 9840: 9834: 9832: 9826: 9825: 9823: 9822: 9821: 9820: 9813:Church fathers 9810: 9805: 9804: 9803: 9798: 9793: 9788: 9783: 9778: 9773: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9753: 9742: 9740: 9729: 9711: 9710: 9708: 9707: 9702: 9697: 9692: 9687: 9682: 9676: 9674: 9670: 9669: 9667: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9650: 9648: 9638: 9637: 9635: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9598: 9595: 9594: 9587: 9586: 9579: 9572: 9564: 9555: 9554: 9552: 9551: 9538: 9535: 9534: 9532: 9531: 9526: 9521: 9520: 9519: 9514: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9487:Indifferentism 9484: 9479: 9474: 9468: 9466: 9460: 9459: 9457: 9456: 9451: 9450: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9424: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9388: 9386: 9380: 9379: 9377: 9376: 9371: 9366: 9361: 9356: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9306: 9301: 9296: 9294:Bosnian Church 9291: 9286: 9280: 9278: 9272: 9271: 9264: 9262: 9260: 9259: 9257:Valentinianism 9254: 9249: 9244: 9242:Psilanthropism 9239: 9234: 9233: 9232: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9192: 9191: 9190: 9185: 9175: 9170: 9165: 9160: 9155: 9150: 9145: 9144: 9143: 9141:Valentinianism 9138: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9121:Priscillianism 9118: 9113: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9086:Collyridianism 9083: 9082: 9081: 9079:Circumcellions 9071: 9066: 9061: 9056: 9055: 9054: 9049: 9039: 9034: 9028: 9026: 9020: 9019: 9007: 9006: 8999: 8992: 8984: 8975: 8974: 8972: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8945: 8944: 8939: 8928: 8925: 8924: 8922: 8921: 8916: 8907: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8875:Pentecostalism 8872: 8870:Jesus movement 8867: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8768: 8766: 8760: 8759: 8757: 8756: 8747: 8746: 8745: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8709: 8708: 8698: 8693: 8687: 8685: 8679: 8678: 8675: 8674: 8672: 8671: 8664: 8661:Martyrs Mirror 8657: 8652: 8647: 8645:Martyrs' Synod 8642: 8637: 8635:Swiss Brethren 8632: 8627: 8622: 8616: 8614: 8608: 8607: 8605: 8604: 8599: 8592: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8557: 8551: 8549: 8543: 8542: 8540: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8473: 8471: 8465: 8464: 8462: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8439: 8434: 8433: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8404: 8402: 8393: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8380:Law and Gospel 8377: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8356: 8355: 8345: 8340: 8335: 8330: 8324: 8322: 8310: 8309: 8307: 8306: 8305: 8304: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8268: 8267: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8171: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8145: 8135: 8134: 8133: 8132: 8131: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8085: 8083: 8077: 8076: 8074: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8061:Ottoman Empire 8058: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8012: 8011: 8006: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7970: 7968: 7960: 7959: 7957: 7956: 7951: 7950: 7949: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7875: 7874: 7873: 7872: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7842: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7821: 7820: 7815: 7804: 7802: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7792: 7790:Biblical canon 7787: 7786: 7785: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7745: 7744: 7739: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7713: 7712: 7701: 7699: 7691:Late antiquity 7687: 7686: 7684: 7683: 7678: 7677: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7639:Church Fathers 7632: 7627: 7622: 7621: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7579: 7577: 7569: 7568: 7566: 7565: 7564: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7512: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7481: 7475: 7473: 7467: 7466: 7464: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7362: 7360: 7356: 7355: 7353: 7352: 7347: 7341: 7338: 7337: 7330: 7329: 7322: 7315: 7307: 7300: 7299: 7290:Arianism Today 7287: 7282: 7274: 7258: 7247: 7242: 7226:Barry, William 7222: 7217: 7212: 7205: 7203: 7202:External links 7200: 7198: 7197: 7191: 7178: 7173:978-1490922164 7172: 7159: 7153: 7138: 7122: 7116: 7103: 7097: 7078: 7057: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7035: 7029: 7014: 7008: 6992: 6978: 6965: 6955:Schaff, Philip 6951: 6942: 6936: 6921: 6903: 6886: 6880: 6865: 6859: 6844: 6838: 6822: 6816: 6801: 6795: 6780: 6760: 6746:Gibbon, Edward 6742: 6728: 6716: 6710: 6701:Church History 6692: 6686: 6668: 6662: 6644: 6630: 6617: 6600: 6583: 6566: 6549: 6523:(3): 171–195. 6512: 6498: 6485: 6479: 6461: 6416: 6410: 6395: 6389: 6362: 6349: 6305: 6299: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6268: 6267: 6256: 6242: 6217: 6192: 6165: 6151: 6125: 6100: 6086: 6061: 6045: 6033: 6011: 5997: 5965: 5947:The Watchtower 5930: 5908: 5887: 5865: 5845: 5832: 5806: 5795:. 28 June 2020 5780: 5755: 5743: 5730: 5717: 5702: 5670: 5654: 5647:Roland Bainton 5639: 5613: 5602:on 23 May 2011 5587: 5560: 5551:"Introduction" 5538: 5529: 5516: 5505:. 3 April 2019 5490: 5465: 5430:(2): 241–258. 5410: 5408:, p. 200. 5398: 5368: 5305: 5280: 5253: 5239: 5212: 5195:"Theodosius I" 5186: 5174: 5149: 5116: 5096: 5094:, p. 249. 5084: 5059: 5047: 5035: 5009: 4983: 4971: 4959: 4947: 4932: 4902: 4877: 4865: 4854: 4843: 4834: 4808: 4783: 4758: 4732: 4706: 4694: 4678: 4671: 4645: 4633: 4621: 4609: 4598: 4587: 4568: 4557: 4546: 4529: 4517: 4498: 4491: 4467: 4455: 4441: 4421: 4410: 4398: 4373: 4364:Church Studies 4350: 4328: 4316:people.wku.edu 4303: 4277: 4252: 4240: 4226: 4218:Church History 4206: 4194: 4191: 4190: 4157: 4144: 4129: 4112: 4097: 4081: 4063: 4056: 4030: 4018: 4006: 4004:, p. 259. 3994: 3992:, p. 250. 3979: 3972: 3943: 3931: 3909: 3897: 3885: 3869: 3852: 3834: 3809: 3784: 3777: 3757: 3750: 3730: 3705: 3698: 3678: 3653: 3651:, p. 267. 3638: 3621: 3588: 3576: 3564: 3552: 3520: 3513: 3490: 3472: 3460: 3409: 3390: 3388:, p. 241. 3378: 3374:Brennecke 2018 3360: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3351: 3328: 3318: 3308: 3294:John Damascene 3285: 3276: 3267: 3258: 3249: 3223:, as also the 3188: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3135:Jesus in Islam 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3091: 3090: 3089: 3073: 3070: 3062:consubstantial 2999:nontrinitarian 2988:Main article: 2985: 2982: 2965: 2962: 2943:Main article: 2940: 2937: 2907: 2904: 2832: 2829: 2764:In 1683, when 2735:ecclesia minor 2731:ecclesia maior 2686:Thomas Cranmer 2676:Following the 2673: 2670: 2625: 2622: 2535:Trinitarianism 2495:Page from the 2450:Constantius II 2430:Constantinople 2380: 2377: 2313:Main article: 2310: 2307: 2169:Constantius II 2123: 2120: 2084:Constantius II 2039:and is divine 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1936: 1933: 1927: 1913: 1906: 1900: 1893: 1887: 1880: 1877: 1849: 1846: 1830:Homoiousianism 1822: 1821: 1818: 1811:Trinitarianism 1797: 1782:A letter from 1771: 1750: 1684: 1681: 1647:(337–361) and 1645:Constantius II 1594: 1557: 1554: 1477:Constantius II 1435: 1432: 1408:nontrinitarian 1342:God the Father 1276: 1275: 1273: 1272: 1265: 1258: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1233: 1232: 1229: 1228: 1223: 1222: 1221: 1216: 1209: 1207:Latin American 1204: 1199: 1189: 1184: 1183: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1158: 1157: 1156: 1154:Sino-Christian 1145: 1135: 1134: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1126: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1084: 1083: 1082: 1081: 1066: 1064:Transmodernism 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1035: 1034: 1024: 1019: 1017:Reconciliation 1014: 1009: 1004: 1003: 1002: 992: 987: 982: 970: 965: 959: 955: 954: 953: 950: 949: 946: 945: 940: 935: 934: 933: 931:Anglo-Catholic 928: 923: 913: 908: 903: 901:Existentialism 898: 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 862: 858: 857: 856: 853: 852: 849: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 816: 808: 807: 806: 799:Evangelicalism 796: 791: 786: 785: 784: 779: 768: 762: 761: 760: 757: 756: 753: 752: 747: 742: 737: 732: 727: 722: 717: 712: 707: 702: 697: 691: 687: 686: 685: 682: 681: 678: 677: 672: 667: 661: 656: 655: 654: 652:Desert Mothers 649: 647:Desert Fathers 644: 639: 632:Church Fathers 629: 624: 618: 608: 607: 606: 603: 602: 599: 598: 593: 587: 582: 576: 570: 569: 568: 565: 564: 561: 560: 555: 550: 545: 540: 535: 534: 533: 531:Asian American 528: 518: 513: 508: 506:Biblical canon 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 476:Trinitarianism 473: 468: 467: 466: 456: 451: 446: 441: 440: 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 404: 398: 394: 393: 392: 389: 388: 380: 379: 371: 370: 362: 361: 359: 358: 351: 344: 336: 333: 332: 319: 318: 317: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 286: 278: 277: 273: 272: 271: 270: 265: 260: 252: 251: 247: 246: 245: 244: 239: 234: 229: 224: 219: 214: 212:Constantius II 209: 204: 199: 191: 190: 186: 185: 184: 183: 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 143: 135: 134: 130: 129: 128: 127: 122: 117: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 67: 66: 62: 61: 55: 54: 53:of articles on 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11943: 11932: 11929: 11927: 11924: 11922: 11919: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11903: 11901: 11886: 11878: 11877: 11874: 11868: 11865: 11863: 11860: 11858: 11855: 11853: 11850: 11848: 11845: 11844: 11842: 11840: 11836: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11798: 11795: 11793: 11790: 11789: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11740: 11738: 11735: 11733: 11730: 11728: 11725: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11680: 11678: 11675: 11673: 11670: 11668: 11665: 11663: 11660: 11658: 11655: 11653: 11650: 11648: 11645: 11643: 11640: 11638: 11635: 11633: 11630: 11628: 11625: 11623: 11620: 11618: 11615: 11613: 11610: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11586: 11583: 11582: 11581: 11578: 11574: 11571: 11570: 11569: 11566: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11554: 11551: 11549: 11546: 11544: 11541: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11521: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11502: 11499: 11497: 11494: 11492: 11489: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11472: 11471:Crimean Goths 11469: 11468: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11459: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11449: 11447: 11444: 11442: 11439: 11435: 11434:Salian Franks 11432: 11430: 11427: 11426: 11425: 11422: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11407: 11405: 11402: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11390: 11387: 11385: 11382: 11380: 11377: 11375: 11372: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11362: 11360: 11357: 11355: 11352: 11350: 11347: 11345: 11342: 11340: 11337: 11335: 11332: 11330: 11327: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11305: 11302: 11300: 11297: 11295: 11292: 11290: 11287: 11285: 11282: 11280: 11277: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11261: 11258: 11256: 11253: 11251: 11248: 11246: 11243: 11241: 11238: 11236: 11233: 11232: 11231: 11228: 11227: 11226: 11223: 11221: 11218: 11216: 11213: 11211: 11208: 11206: 11203: 11201: 11198: 11196: 11193: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11149: 11146: 11144: 11141: 11139: 11136: 11134: 11131: 11130: 11129: 11126: 11125: 11123: 11121: 11117: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11096: 11093: 11091: 11088: 11087: 11085: 11083: 11079: 11071: 11068: 11066: 11063: 11061: 11058: 11057: 11056: 11053: 11051: 11048: 11044: 11041: 11039: 11036: 11035: 11034: 11031: 11029: 11026: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11008: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10995: 10992: 10991: 10990: 10987: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10975: 10974: 10973: 10970: 10966: 10963: 10961: 10958: 10957: 10956: 10953: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10940: 10939: 10936: 10931: 10928: 10926: 10923: 10921: 10918: 10916: 10913: 10912: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10877: 10875: 10873: 10872:Early culture 10869: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10833: 10830: 10829: 10827: 10823: 10819: 10815: 10811: 10806: 10802: 10795: 10790: 10788: 10783: 10781: 10776: 10775: 10772: 10760: 10752: 10750: 10745: 10740: 10739: 10736: 10726: 10723: 10721: 10718: 10716: 10713: 10711: 10708: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10696: 10693: 10692: 10690: 10686: 10680: 10677: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10662: 10658: 10657: 10656: 10653: 10651: 10648: 10647: 10645: 10641: 10635: 10632: 10630: 10627: 10625: 10622: 10620: 10617: 10615: 10611: 10608: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10581: 10578: 10576: 10573: 10571: 10568: 10567: 10565: 10563: 10559: 10553: 10550: 10546: 10543: 10542: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10535:Popular piety 10533: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10504: 10501: 10500: 10499: 10496: 10492: 10489: 10487: 10484: 10482: 10479: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10468: 10467: 10464: 10460: 10457: 10456: 10455: 10452: 10451: 10449: 10447: 10443: 10440: 10434: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10416: 10413: 10412: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10397: 10395: 10393: 10389: 10381: 10378: 10377: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10330: 10329: 10326: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10316:People of God 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10298: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10280: 10277: 10276: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10267: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10248: 10245: 10244: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10188: 10187: 10186: 10183: 10182: 10180: 10178: 10174: 10162: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10146: 10144: 10142: 10138: 10132: 10129: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10115: 10112: 10111: 10110: 10107: 10106: 10104: 10102: 10098: 10092: 10089: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10060: 10057: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10042: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10032: 10030: 10027: 10026: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10006: 10004: 10002: 9998: 9995: 9992: 9988: 9983: 9982:Denominations 9979: 9967: 9964: 9963: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9951:Enlightenment 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9933: 9931: 9929: 9925: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9906: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9890: 9888: 9886: 9882: 9876: 9873: 9871: 9868: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9855: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9835: 9833: 9831: 9827: 9819: 9816: 9815: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9806: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9769: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9748: 9747: 9744: 9743: 9741: 9739: 9733: 9730: 9727: 9721: 9716: 9712: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9691: 9688: 9686: 9683: 9681: 9678: 9677: 9675: 9671: 9665: 9664:New Testament 9662: 9660: 9659:Old Testament 9657: 9655: 9652: 9651: 9649: 9647: 9643: 9639: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9599: 9596: 9592: 9585: 9580: 9578: 9573: 9571: 9566: 9565: 9562: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9539: 9536: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9509: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9469: 9467: 9465: 9461: 9455: 9452: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9429: 9428: 9427:Protestantism 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9392:Antinomianism 9390: 9389: 9387: 9385: 9381: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9282: 9281: 9279: 9277: 9273: 9268: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9231: 9228: 9227: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9200:Monothelitism 9198: 9196: 9195:Monophysitism 9193: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9180: 9179: 9178:Monarchianism 9176: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9158:Macedonianism 9156: 9154: 9153:Luciferianism 9151: 9149: 9146: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9108: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9080: 9077: 9076: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9053: 9052:Semi-Arianism 9050: 9048: 9045: 9044: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9029: 9027: 9025: 9021: 9016: 9012: 9005: 9000: 8998: 8993: 8991: 8986: 8985: 8982: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8964:Protestantism 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8934: 8933: 8930: 8929: 8926: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8911: 8908: 8905: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8865: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8837:Azusa Revival 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8817:Laestadianism 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8769: 8767: 8765: 8761: 8755: 8754:Old Lutherans 8751: 8748: 8744: 8741: 8740: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8707: 8704: 8703: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8692: 8689: 8688: 8686: 8684: 8680: 8670: 8669: 8665: 8663: 8662: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8618: 8617: 8615: 8613: 8609: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8597: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8552: 8550: 8548: 8544: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8474: 8472: 8470: 8466: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8444: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8420:Diet of Worms 8418: 8416: 8415: 8411: 8410: 8409: 8406: 8405: 8403: 8401: 8397: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8354: 8351: 8350: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8325: 8323: 8321: 8320:Protestantism 8315: 8311: 8303: 8300: 8299: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8266: 8263: 8262: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8141: 8140: 8139: 8136: 8130: 8127: 8126: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8106: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8086: 8084: 8082: 8078: 8072: 8071:North America 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8001: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7971: 7969: 7967: 7961: 7955: 7952: 7948: 7945: 7944: 7943: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7871: 7868: 7867: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7847: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7810: 7809: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7801: 7797: 7791: 7788: 7784: 7780: 7777: 7776: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7734: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7711: 7708: 7707: 7706: 7703: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7692: 7688: 7682: 7681:Early African 7679: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7664:Justin Martyr 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7641: 7640: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7585: 7584: 7581: 7580: 7578: 7576: 7570: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7538: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7486: 7485: 7484:Life of Jesus 7482: 7480: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7472:Apostolic Age 7468: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7363: 7361: 7357: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7342: 7339: 7335: 7328: 7323: 7321: 7316: 7314: 7309: 7308: 7305: 7298: 7294: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7279: 7275: 7271: 7270: 7264: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7239: 7238: 7232: 7227: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7210: 7207: 7206: 7194: 7192:0-8006-1410-0 7188: 7184: 7179: 7175: 7169: 7165: 7160: 7156: 7154:9780199280131 7150: 7146: 7145: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7119: 7117:0-8010-1275-9 7113: 7109: 7104: 7100: 7098:0-8028-2413-7 7094: 7090: 7086: 7085: 7079: 7067: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7052: 7045: 7044: 7032: 7026: 7022: 7021: 7015: 7011: 7009:0-8028-4969-5 7005: 7001: 6997: 6993: 6989: 6985: 6981: 6979:9780191520594 6975: 6971: 6966: 6962: 6961: 6956: 6952: 6948: 6943: 6939: 6933: 6929: 6928: 6922: 6918: 6917: 6912: 6911:Strong, James 6908: 6904: 6900: 6899: 6893: 6887: 6883: 6877: 6873: 6872: 6866: 6862: 6860:9780670032860 6856: 6852: 6851: 6845: 6841: 6835: 6831: 6827: 6826:Kelly, J.N.D. 6823: 6819: 6813: 6809: 6808: 6802: 6798: 6792: 6788: 6787: 6781: 6770: 6766: 6761: 6757: 6753: 6752: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6738: 6733: 6729: 6725: 6724: 6717: 6713: 6707: 6703: 6702: 6697: 6693: 6689: 6683: 6680:. HarperOne. 6679: 6678: 6673: 6669: 6665: 6659: 6655: 6654: 6649: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6631:0-203-48433-9 6627: 6623: 6618: 6614: 6613: 6607: 6601: 6597: 6596: 6590: 6584: 6580: 6579: 6573: 6567: 6563: 6562: 6556: 6550: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6501: 6499:0-931888-24-7 6495: 6491: 6486: 6482: 6476: 6472: 6471: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6417: 6413: 6407: 6403: 6402: 6396: 6392: 6386: 6382: 6378: 6374: 6370: 6369: 6363: 6359: 6355: 6350: 6346: 6342: 6338: 6334: 6330: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6287: 6282: 6278: 6277: 6265: 6260: 6254: 6251: 6246: 6231: 6227: 6221: 6206: 6202: 6196: 6188: 6187: 6182: 6178: 6172: 6170: 6163: 6160: 6155: 6140: 6136: 6129: 6114: 6110: 6104: 6098: 6095: 6090: 6075: 6071: 6065: 6058: 6057: 6049: 6042: 6037: 6030: 6029: 6025: 6022: 6015: 6007: 6001: 5985: 5981: 5980: 5975: 5969: 5953: 5949: 5948: 5943: 5937: 5935: 5919: 5912: 5897: 5891: 5876: 5869: 5862: 5858: 5855: 5849: 5842: 5836: 5820: 5816: 5810: 5794: 5790: 5784: 5769: 5765: 5759: 5750: 5748: 5740: 5734: 5727: 5721: 5713: 5705: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5686: 5681: 5674: 5667: 5663: 5658: 5652: 5648: 5643: 5627: 5623: 5617: 5601: 5597: 5591: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5564: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5542: 5533: 5526: 5520: 5504: 5500: 5494: 5479: 5475: 5469: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5414: 5407: 5406:Ferguson 2005 5402: 5395: 5382: 5378: 5372: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5309: 5294: 5290: 5284: 5268: 5263: 5257: 5249: 5243: 5227: 5223: 5216: 5200: 5196: 5190: 5183: 5178: 5163: 5159: 5153: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5120: 5113: 5109: 5108: 5100: 5093: 5088: 5073: 5069: 5063: 5056: 5051: 5044: 5039: 5024: 5020: 5013: 4998: 4994: 4987: 4980: 4975: 4968: 4963: 4956: 4951: 4944: 4939: 4937: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4906: 4891: 4887: 4881: 4874: 4869: 4863: 4858: 4852: 4847: 4838: 4830: 4826: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4797: 4793: 4787: 4772: 4771:www.crcna.org 4768: 4762: 4747: 4743: 4736: 4721:. 22 May 2012 4720: 4716: 4710: 4703: 4698: 4690: 4689: 4682: 4674: 4672:9781444338386 4668: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4649: 4642: 4637: 4630: 4625: 4618: 4613: 4607: 4602: 4596: 4591: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4572: 4566: 4561: 4555: 4550: 4542: 4536: 4534: 4527:, p. 72. 4526: 4521: 4513: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4494: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4479: 4471: 4464: 4459: 4444: 4438: 4434: 4433: 4425: 4419: 4414: 4407: 4402: 4387: 4383: 4377: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4354: 4339: 4332: 4317: 4313: 4307: 4292: 4288: 4281: 4266: 4262: 4256: 4250:, p. 75. 4249: 4248:Bauckham 1989 4244: 4236: 4230: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4210: 4203: 4198: 4188: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4162:"Sylvester I" 4158: 4147: 4141: 4137: 4136: 4130: 4127: 4115: 4109: 4105: 4104: 4098: 4095: 4084: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4065: 4064: 4060: 4044: 4040: 4034: 4027: 4026:Chadwick 1960 4022: 4015: 4010: 4003: 3998: 3991: 3986: 3984: 3975: 3973:0-06-063315-8 3969: 3965: 3961: 3960: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3941:, p. 12. 3940: 3935: 3927: 3923: 3916: 3914: 3907:, p. 87. 3906: 3901: 3894: 3889: 3881: 3880: 3873: 3865: 3864: 3856: 3848: 3847: 3838: 3823: 3819: 3813: 3798: 3794: 3788: 3780: 3774: 3770: 3769: 3761: 3753: 3747: 3743: 3742: 3734: 3719: 3715: 3709: 3701: 3695: 3691: 3690: 3682: 3667: 3663: 3657: 3650: 3649:Ferguson 2005 3645: 3643: 3634: 3633: 3625: 3609: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3585: 3580: 3573: 3568: 3561: 3556: 3541: 3537: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3516: 3510: 3506: 3505: 3497: 3495: 3486: 3482: 3476: 3470:, p. 62. 3469: 3464: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3439: 3434: 3430: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3406: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3387: 3382: 3375: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3361: 3348: 3344: 3339: 3332: 3322: 3312: 3305: 3303: 3295: 3292:As quoted by 3289: 3280: 3271: 3262: 3253: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3192: 3186: 3181: 3175: 3171: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3140:Monarchianism 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3092: 3087: 3081: 3076: 3069: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3025: 3023: 3022: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3003: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2981: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2961: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2936: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2917: 2913: 2903: 2901: 2897: 2892: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2828: 2824:Πνευματομάχοι 2820: 2819:Pneumatomachi 2815: 2813: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2789:Samuel Clarke 2786: 2782: 2777: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2762: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2729: 2725: 2720: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2682:John Assheton 2679: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2648:converted to 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2621: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2570: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2527: 2522: 2518: 2516: 2511: 2504: 2500: 2499: 2493: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2442:Gothic tribes 2439: 2435: 2431: 2423: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2376: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2356: 2354: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2316: 2306: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2258: 2254: 2253:Semi-Arianism 2250: 2246: 2242: 2240: 2239: 2234: 2233: 2228: 2224: 2218: 2216: 2212: 2206: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2191: 2189: 2185: 2184:Pope Liberius 2181: 2176: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2155: 2154:monarchianist 2151: 2147: 2146: 2137: 2133: 2128: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2095: 2092: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2064: 2062: 2056: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2009: 2007: 2003: 1995: 1994:Ancient Greek 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1974: 1971: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1934: 1932:rule of faith 1931: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1915:The Creed of 1914: 1911: 1908:The Creed of 1907: 1905: 1901: 1898: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1885: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1845: 1842: 1837: 1835: 1834:Homoousianism 1831: 1825: 1819: 1816: 1815: 1814: 1812: 1803: 1796: 1791: 1789: 1785: 1777:, p. 143 1776: 1770: 1765: 1763: 1755: 1749: 1747: 1746: 1741: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1707: 1705: 1704: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1657:King of Italy 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1593: 1588: 1586: 1582: 1577: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1564:summoned the 1563: 1553: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1536: 1532: 1529: 1528:Cretan School 1524: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1513:Pope Liberius 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1473: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1454:Justin Martyr 1451: 1445: 1441: 1431: 1429: 1428:semi-Arianism 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1286: 1282: 1271: 1266: 1264: 1259: 1257: 1252: 1251: 1249: 1248: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1234: 1227: 1224: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1214: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1166: 1162: 1159: 1155: 1152: 1151: 1150: 1147: 1146: 1142: 1141:Inculturation 1138: 1132: 1131: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1080: 1079:Environmental 1077: 1076: 1075: 1072: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1007:Neo-orthodoxy 1005: 1001: 998: 997: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 979: 978:Ressourcement 975: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 960: 952: 951: 944: 941: 939: 936: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 918: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 887: 884: 882: 879: 877: 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