422:
commonly so). In the diagram, the adrenal gland (1) releases androstenedione (3) while the ovaries (2) secrete testosterone (4). Both hormones travel to peripheral tissues or a breast cell (5), where they would be converted into estrone (8) or estradiol (9) if not for AIs (7), which prevent the enzyme CYP19A1 (also known as aromatase or estrogen synthase) (6) from catalyzing the reaction that turns androstenedione and testosterone into estrone and estradiol. In the diagram, Part A represents the successful conversion of androstenedione and testosterone into estrone and estradiol in the liver. Part B represents the blockage of this conversion by aromatase inhibitors both in peripheral tissues and in the breast tumor itself.
417:
38:
2286:
902:
248:
of the breast) with aromatase inhibitors has been proven to be an effective treatment for hormone-sensitive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Aromatase inhibitors are generally not used to treat breast cancer in premenopausal women because, prior to menopause, the decrease in estrogen activates
1061:
properties and therefore possible anti-estrogen activity. In 2009, a case-control study of the eating habits of 2,018 women in southeast China revealed that women who consumed greater than 10 grams of fresh mushrooms or greater than 4 grams of dried mushrooms per day had an approximately 50% lower
421:
Often used as a cancer treatment in postmenopausal women, AIs work by blocking the conversion of androstenedione and testosterone into estrone and estradiol, respectively, which are both crucial to the growth of developing breast cancers (AIs are also effective at treating ovarian cancer, but less
391:
have a bone strengthening effect, combining a statin with an aromatase inhibitor could help prevent fractures and suspected cardiovascular risks, without potential of causing osteonecrosis of the jaw. The more common adverse events associated with the use of aromatase inhibitors include decreased
1287:
Howell A, Cuzick J, Baum M, Buzdar A, Dowsett M, Forbes JF, Hoctin-Boes G, Houghton J, Locker GY, Tobias JS (2005). "Results of the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in
Combination) trial after completion of 5 years' adjuvant treatment for breast cancer".
1028:
Investigations and research has been undertaken to study the use of aromatase inhibitors to stimulate ovulation, and also to suppress estrogen production. Aromatase inhibitors have been shown to reverse age-related declines in testosterone, including
344:
439:
by a process called aromatization. As breast tissue is stimulated by estrogens, decreasing their production is a way of suppressing recurrence of the breast tumor tissue. The main source of estrogen is the
1335:, Buzdar A, Dowsett M, Forbes JF, et al. (2005). "Results of the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination) trial after completion of 5 years' adjuvant treatment for breast cancer".
219:. Because hormone-positive breast and ovarian cancers are dependent on estrogen for growth, AIs are taken to either block the production of estrogen or block the action of estrogen on receptors.
347:, ovarian stimulation with letrozole resulted in a significantly lower frequency of multiple gestation (i.e., twins or triplets) but also a lower frequency of live birth, as compared with
497:
244:
women estrogen is mainly produced in peripheral tissues of the body. Because some breast cancers respond to estrogen, lowering estrogen production at the site of the cancer (i.e. the
2028:
Hero M, Wickman S, Dunkel L (2006). "Treatment with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole during adolescence increases near-final height in boys with constitutional delay of puberty".
3750:
1066:
had a 90% lower incidence of breast cancer. However the study was relatively small (2,018 patients participating) and limited to
Chinese women of southeast China.
4105:
490:
2323:
109:
2198:
Szewczyka K, Zidorn C (2014). "Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of the genus
Turnera (Passifloraceae) with a focus on damianaβTurnera diffusa".
265:
production. The heightened gonadotropin levels also upregulate the aromatase promoter, increasing aromatase production in the setting of increased androgen
1811:
1045:
having shown the greatest ability to inhibit the enzyme. AIs have also been used experimentally in the treatment of adolescents with delayed puberty.
4131:
483:
1603:
Simpson, Dene; Curran, Monique P.; Perry, Caroline M. (2004-01-01). "Letrozole: a review of its use in postmenopausal women with breast cancer".
1838:
3743:
1423:
Shulman, DI; Francis, GL; Palmert, MR; Eugster, EA; Lawson
Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society Drug and Therapeutics Committee (April 2008).
3315:
1703:
3277:
2859:
1378:
Seruga B, Tannock IF (2009). "Up-front use of aromatase inhibitors as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer: the emperor has no clothes".
3736:
2316:
1018:
212:
408:, and liver dysfunction. Patients with liver, kidney or adrenal abnormalities are at a higher risk of developing adverse events.
383:
are sometimes prescribed to prevent the osteoporosis induced by aromatase inhibitors, but also have another serious side effect,
2163:
Zhao J, Dasmahapatra AK, Khan SI, Khan IA (2008). "Anti-aromatase activity of the constituents from damiana (Turnera diffusa)".
4157:
3845:
2850:
1654:
Rossi, A.; Iorio, A.; Scali, E.; Fortuna, M. C.; Mari, E.; Maxia, C.; Gerardi, M.; Framarino, M.; Carlesimo, M. (2013-06-01).
3862:
3267:
3234:
2290:
2071:
Chen S, Kao YC, Laughton CA (1997). "Binding characteristics of aromatase inhibitors and phytoestrogens to human aromatase".
277:
272:
Ongoing areas of clinical research include optimizing adjuvant hormonal therapy in postmenopausal women with breast cancer.
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2673:
2309:
1205:
3923:
269:. This would counteract the effect of the aromatase inhibitor in premenopausal women, as total estrogen would increase.
3649:
3493:
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875:
46:
215:
ring of androgen precursors such as testosterone, to a phenol, completing the synthesis of estrogen. As such, AIs are
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2784:
984:
891:
4152:
4100:
3938:
3928:
3664:
3498:
1815:
1425:"Use of aromatase inhibitors in children and adolescents with disorders of growth and adolescent development"
311:, when given to prevent relapse after surgery for breast cancer, show that they are associated with a better
3840:
3697:
3689:
3168:
2801:
2555:
1200:
216:
3593:
3583:
3565:
3506:
3410:
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3172:
2116:"Dietary intakes of mushrooms and green tea combine to reduce the risk of breast cancer in Chinese women"
3447:
3389:
3352:
3301:
2572:
990:
327:
Aromatase inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of gynecomastia in children and adolescents.
1948:"White button mushroom phytochemicals inhibit aromatase activity and breast cancer cell proliferation"
4162:
3713:
3536:
2384:
1907:"Effects of aromatase inhibition in elderly men with low or borderline-low serum testosterone levels"
1839:"Robert A. Weinberg and Angela M. Hartley Brodie awarded 2006 Landon-AACR Prizes for Cancer Research"
464:. Estrogen is produced and acts locally in these tissues, but any circulating estrogen, which exerts
3402:
1842:
1392:
3669:
3531:
2579:
384:
1073:(Turnera diffusa) has been found to suppress aromatase activity, including the isolated compounds
1013:
The development of aromatase inhibitors was first pioneered by the work of
British pharmacologist
3979:
3974:
3959:
3805:
3644:
3622:
3588:
3347:
3239:
2744:
2722:
2506:
2502:
1987:
Chen S, Oh SR, Phung S, Hur G, Ye JJ, Kwok SL, Shrode GE, Belury M, Adams LS, Williams D (2006).
297:
133:
1424:
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3605:
3575:
3541:
3514:
3426:
3342:
2739:
2516:
2469:
1519:
Tan, RB; et al. (19 October 2015). "Clinical Use of
Aromatase Inhibitors in Adult Males".
1387:
1332:
817:
457:
3654:
3156:
2540:
2534:
2464:
2434:
2344:
2332:
998:
397:
315:
than tamoxifen, but few conventionally-analyzed clinicals trials have shown that AIs have an
312:
266:
319:
advantage compared with tamoxifen, and there is no good evidence they are better tolerated.
4001:
3893:
3815:
3164:
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2609:
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2521:
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8:
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3160:
3084:
2810:
2490:
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2419:
1989:"Anti-aromatase activity of phytochemicals in white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus)"
340:
343:
in order to treat unexplained female infertility. In a multi-center study funded by the
4039:
4006:
3775:
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85:
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3176:
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2180:
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2010:
1969:
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1501:
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1352:
1305:
1259:
1247:
1195:
922:
607:
300:
121:
2149:
2100:
2057:
1754:
1589:
1556:"A woman's heart: the impact of adjuvant endocrine therapy on cardiovascular health"
1456:
4064:
3969:
3918:
3790:
3780:
3728:
3362:
3328:
3051:
3039:
2651:
2567:
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2207:
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2127:
2080:
2037:
2000:
1959:
1918:
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1491:
1483:
1436:
1397:
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1237:
453:
316:
308:
89:
3293:
2005:
1988:
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4054:
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3632:
3439:
3135:
3071:
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2712:
2589:
1002:
833:
449:
380:
254:
194:
4059:
3485:
3472:
3379:
3245:
3108:
3096:
2729:
2411:
2250:
1768:
Mokbel K (2002). "The evolving role of aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer".
1054:
1042:
401:
245:
241:
114:
2301:
2211:
2176:
1866:"Aromatase inhibitors: the next generation of therapeutics for endometriosis?"
872:(Aromasin), forms a permanent and deactivating bond with the aromatase enzyme.
69:
Estrogen synthesis inhibitors; Estrogen synthase inhibitors; Estrogen blockers
4146:
4115:
4018:
3615:
2695:
1964:
1947:
1681:
1624:
1401:
1014:
864:
There are two types of aromatase inhibitors approved to treat breast cancer:
843:
809:
469:
445:
233:
174:
101:
97:
77:
50:
1672:
1655:
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2621:
2415:
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2219:
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2014:
1973:
1932:
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1906:
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1746:
1689:
1632:
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1505:
1448:
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1409:
1356:
1309:
1251:
1038:
928:
825:
538:
364:
348:
258:
250:
182:
142:
93:
2092:
1781:
1704:"Aromatase Inhibitors in Products Marketed as Dietary Supplements: Recall"
1487:
3767:
3462:
3152:
3125:
3104:
3100:
3092:
3077:
3067:
3019:
2958:
2953:
2903:
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2734:
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2429:
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1242:
1225:
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941:
906:
879:
821:
747:
571:
393:
304:
190:
81:
42:
468:
estrogenic effects in men and women, is the result of estrogen escaping
379:. Men do not appear to exhibit the same adverse effects on bone health.
154:
4069:
3855:
3201:
3142:
3024:
3009:
2968:
2943:
2933:
2928:
2898:
2873:
2717:
2683:
2656:
2646:
2641:
2631:
2604:
2599:
2454:
2449:
1572:
1555:
1022:
965:
953:
886:(Femara), inhibit the synthesis of estrogen via reversible competition.
869:
846:
725:
632:
376:
352:
170:
28:
2132:
2115:
1224:
Hassett, Michael J.; Somerfield, Mark R.; Giordano, Sharon H. (2020).
416:
280:) traditionally was the drug treatment of choice, but the ATAC trial (
4023:
3833:
3555:
3129:
3112:
3088:
3029:
3004:
2938:
2893:
2700:
2688:
2678:
2594:
2584:
2407:
2233:
Balunas, M. J.; Su, B.; Brueggemeier, R. W.; Kinghorn, A. D. (2008).
1063:
1062:
incidence of breast cancer. Chinese women who consumed mushrooms and
1058:
1034:
971:
947:
883:
813:
776:
693:
428:
405:
372:
368:
336:
273:
200:
186:
178:
126:
2107:
1532:
1472:"Letrozole, Gonadotropin, or Clomiphene for Unexplained Infertility"
4074:
3211:
3146:
3047:
2878:
2423:
2376:
1078:
959:
436:
432:
307:
had better results than the tamoxifen group. Trials of AIs used as
262:
208:
2860:
3196:
2749:
1070:
1025:
in clinical trials in 1982. The drug was first marketed in 1994.
441:
427:
Aromatase inhibitors work by inhibiting the action of the enzyme
388:
138:
64:
1656:"Aromatase inhibitors induce 'male pattern hair loss' in women?"
363:
In women, side effects include an increased risk for developing
3394:
2285:
1725:
Simpson ER (2003). "Sources of estrogen and their importance".
204:
2851:
997:
In addition to pharmaceutical AIs, some natural elements have
189:
to reduce estrogen conversion when supplementing testosterone
37:
3679:
2296:
2232:
525:
461:
237:
1422:
1280:
452:
women most of the body's estrogen is produced in peripheral
207:
that catalyzes a key aromatization step in the synthesis of
1905:
Leder BZ, Rohrer JL, Rubin SD, Gallo J, Longcope C (2004).
901:
836:
1226:"Management of Male Breast Cancer: ASCO Guideline Summary"
460:), and also a few CNS sites in various regions within the
261:
secretion, which in turn stimulates the ovary to increase
1223:
2162:
1470:
Diamond MP, Legro RS, Coutifaris R, et al. (2015).
1814:. University of Maryland Medical Centre. Archived from
1037:
have been shown to inhibit aromatase when evaluated by
236:
women, in whom most of the estrogen is produced in the
3136:
3119:
2785:
2778:
1653:
1469:
1330:
1286:
1904:
3758:
2802:
2723:
Methestrol dipropionate (promethestrol dipropionate)
3323:
2113:
2865:Tooltip selective estrogen receptor downregulators
1602:
345:National Institute of Child Health and Development
4132:Reproduction and pregnancy in speculative fiction
2114:Zhang M, Huang J, Xie X, Holman CD (March 2009).
2027:
1946:Grube BJ, Eng ET, Kao YC, Kwon A, Chen S (2001).
335:Ovarian stimulation with the aromatase inhibitor
4144:
303:-positive breast cancer, women receiving the AI
2689:Mestilbol (diethylstilbestrol monomethyl ether)
2331:
2197:
2070:
1945:
1084:
679:
674:
669:
561:
2856:Tooltip selective estrogen receptor modulators
1986:
3744:
3309:
2679:Dimestrol (diethylstilbestrol dimethyl ether)
2317:
1377:
491:
1980:
2811:
2684:Fosfestrol (diethylstilbestrol diphosphate)
868:Irreversible steroidal inhibitors, such as
49:and a widely used drug in the treatment of
3751:
3737:
3316:
3302:
2324:
2310:
2235:"Natural products as aromatase inhibitors"
1863:
1274:"Hormone Therapy for Breast Cancer in Men"
498:
484:
2840:
2605:Prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEA)
2354:
2258:
2239:Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
2131:
2004:
1963:
1922:
1881:
1671:
1571:
1553:
1495:
1416:
1391:
1241:
1019:University of Maryland School of Medicine
505:Pharmacodynamics of aromatase inhibitors
197:in women at high risk for breast cancer.
2561:Estropipate (piperazine estrone sulfate)
1706:(Press release). FDA. September 20, 2010
900:
415:
1724:
4145:
1939:
1836:
1830:
1767:
832:(binding to and interference with the
411:
330:
296:ombination) showed that in women with
3732:
3297:
2305:
787:
782:
758:
753:
731:
704:
699:
648:
643:
638:
613:
587:
582:
577:
544:
2807:Tooltip follicle-stimulating hormone
2064:
1837:Grohol, John M. (21 February 2009).
1804:
1206:Selective estrogen receptor degrader
913:Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) include:
392:rate of bone maturation and growth,
1518:
1324:
13:
3212:Androvax (androstenedione albumin)
1021:, first demonstrating efficacy of
14:
4174:
3934:Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
3278:Progestogens and antiprogestogens
2278:
47:non steroidal aromatase inhibitor
3914:Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
3889:Autologous endometrial coculture
3760:Assisted reproductive technology
2674:Diethylstilbestrol esters/ethers
2669:Diethylstilbestrol (stilbestrol)
2284:
2042:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02499.x
1883:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.09.064
1617:10.2165/00003495-200464110-00005
916:
36:
2226:
2191:
2156:
2021:
1898:
1857:
1841:. PsycheCentral. Archived from
1761:
1718:
1696:
1647:
1596:
358:
322:
222:
3997:Gamete intrafallopian transfer
3944:Zygote intrafallopian transfer
3217:Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)
2403:) (via estrogenic metabolites)
1547:
1512:
1463:
1371:
1266:
1217:
985:1,4,6-Androstatrien-3,17-dione
892:Steroidal Aromatase Inhibitors
185:in men. They may also be used
1:
4158:Hormonal antineoplastic drugs
4101:Genetic diagnosis of intersex
3929:Partner-assisted reproduction
2085:10.1016/S0960-0760(97)80001-5
2073:J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol
2006:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-2206
1739:10.1016/S0960-0760(03)00360-1
1727:J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol
1349:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17666-6
1302:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17666-6
1211:
1053:Research suggests the common
925:(Elipten, Cytadren, Orimeten)
217:estrogen synthesis inhibitors
3268:Estrogen receptor modulators
3169:hydroxyprogesterone caproate
2200:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
2165:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
1812:"Angela Hartley Brodie, PhD"
1201:Estrogen deprivation therapy
1085:Natural aromatase inhibitors
935:
673:500 mg 1x/2 weeks
668:250 mg 1x/2 weeks
367:and joint disorders such as
193:. They may also be used for
7:
3939:Transvaginal ovum retrieval
3273:Androgens and antiandrogens
3209:Androstenedione immunogens:
3173:medroxyprogesterone acetate
2816:Tooltip luteinizing hormone
2696:Doisynoestrol (fenocycline)
1189:
1048:
678:500 mg 1x/1 week
10:
4179:
3494:Dihydropteroate synthetase
3353:Non-competitive inhibition
3194:Mixed mechanism of action:
2966:Noncompetitive inhibitors:
2718:Methestrol (promethestrol)
2573:Ethinylestradiol sulfonate
2251:10.2174/187152008785133092
1911:J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab
1864:Attar E, Bulun SE (2006).
1069:The extract from the herb
1008:
991:4-Androstene-3,6,17-trione
978:
896:
889:
4124:
4106:Religious response to ART
4083:
4032:
3952:
3871:
3814:
3766:
3714:Steroidogenesis inhibitor
3706:
3678:
3554:
3461:
3378:
3371:
3335:
3229:
3186:
3038:
2977:
2951:Exclusively antagonistic:
2845:Tooltip Estrogen receptor
2838:
2829:
2758:
2359:Tooltip Estrogen receptor
2352:
2343:
2212:10.1016/j.jep.2014.01.019
2177:10.1016/j.jep.2008.09.016
1554:Ewer MS, GlΓΌck S (2009).
804:
721:
662:
659:
631:
628:
554:
551:
537:
534:
227:
173:used in the treatment of
153:
148:
132:
120:
108:
73:
63:
58:
35:
26:
21:
3924:Ovarian hyperstimulation
3650:Matrix metalloproteinase
3453:Ribonucleotide reductase
3348:Uncompetitive inhibition
2580:Hydroxyestrone diacetate
2507:estradiol ester mixtures
1402:10.1200/JCO.2008.19.5594
878:, such as the triazoles
859:
385:osteonecrosis of the jaw
3960:Artificial insemination
3806:Male infertility crisis
3419:Dihydrofolate reductase
2745:Triphenylchloroethylene
2503:polyestradiol phosphate
1521:Sexual Medicine Reviews
876:Nonsteroidal inhibitors
396:, aggressive behavior,
4111:Mitochondrial donation
4045:Donor Sibling Registry
3884:Assisted zona hatching
3873:In vitro fertilisation
3515:Nucleotidyltransferase
3343:Competitive inhibition
2740:Triphenylbromoethylene
2517:Estramustine phosphate
1965:10.1093/jn/131.12.3288
1924:10.1210/jc.2003-031467
1441:10.1542/peds.2007-2081
1033:. Extracts of certain
910:
822:substrate-binding site
612:250 mg mg 4x/day
424:
339:has been proposed for
181:women and in men, and
3525:Reverse transcriptase
3157:chlormadinone acetate
2541:Estrogenic substances
2535:polyestriol phosphate
2435:Cloxestradiol acetate
1782:10.1007/s101470200040
1673:10.1093/annonc/mdt170
1488:10.1056/NEJMoa1414827
1230:JCO Oncology Practice
1127:Baby button mushroom
904:
472:and spreading to the
419:
398:adrenal insufficiency
313:disease-free survival
4153:Aromatase inhibitors
4002:Reproductive surgery
3894:Cytoplasmic transfer
3824:Estrogen antagonists
3816:Fertility medication
3571:Acetylcholinesterase
3478:Thymidylate synthase
3165:gestonorone caproate
2979:Aromatase inhibitors
2662:Dienestrol diacetate
2610:Prasterone enanthate
2495:estradiol undecylate
2460:Esterified estrogens
2445:Conjugated estrogens
2293:at Wikimedia Commons
2291:Aromatase inhibitors
1331:Howell A, Cuzick J,
1243:10.1200/JOP.19.00792
1031:primary hypogonadism
999:aromatase inhibiting
560:100 mg 3x/week
163:Aromatase inhibitors
4014:Selective reduction
3965:Ovulation induction
3909:In vitro maturation
3904:Gestational carrier
3829:aromatase inhibitor
3665:Histone deacetylase
3499:Farnesyltransferase
3161:cyproterone acetate
3060:testosterone esters
2491:estradiol enanthate
2487:estradiol cypionate
2420:etynodiol diacetate
2389:testosterone esters
1770:Int. J. Clin. Oncol
786:2.5 mg 1x/day
781:0.5 mg 1x/day
647:250 mg 1x/day
642:125 mg 2x/day
637:125 mg 1x/day
586:800 mg 2x/day
581:400 mg 2x/day
576:200 mg 2x/day
543:250 mg 4x/day
506:
412:Mechanism of action
341:ovulation induction
331:Ovulation induction
22:Aromatase inhibitor
4040:Donor registration
4007:Vasectomy reversal
3698:Carbonic anhydrase
3690:Dopa decarboxylase
3358:Suicide inhibition
3256:Never to phase III
3091:releasers) (e.g.,
3002:Second-generation:
2615:Prasterone sulfate
2499:estradiol valerate
2483:estradiol benzoate
2440:Conjugated estriol
2393:methyltestosterone
1818:on 1 February 2016
1660:Annals of Oncology
1573:10.1002/cncr.24219
962:(R-76713; Rivizor)
911:
812:women. = Type I:
757:10 mg 1x/day
730:25 mg 1x/day
479:
474:circulatory system
425:
211:. It converts the
86:precocious puberty
4140:
4139:
4091:Accidental incest
3801:Fertility tourism
3796:Fertility testing
3726:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3594:Alpha-glucosidase
3584:Polygalacturonase
3566:Phosphodiesterase
3507:GABA transaminase
3411:Monoamine oxidase
3395:HMG-CoA reductase
3329:enzyme inhibition
3291:
3290:
3283:List of estrogens
3225:
3224:
3177:megestrol acetate
3064:nandrolone esters
3052:anabolic steroids
3040:Antigonadotropins
3017:Third-generation:
2990:Aminoglutethimide
2987:First-generation:
2825:
2824:
2531:estriol succinate
2479:estradiol acetate
2401:nandrolone esters
2381:anabolic steroids
2289:Media related to
2133:10.1002/ijc.24047
1845:on 11 August 2017
1611:(11): 1213β1230.
1482:(13): 1230β1240.
1196:CYP17A1 inhibitor
1185:
1184:
1171:Brassica oleracea
1155:Alpinia purpurata
1123:Agaricus bisporus
1114:Hippocastanaceae
1001:effects, such as
923:Aminoglutethimide
857:
856:
752:1 mg 1x/day
703:2 mg 2x/day
698:1 mg 1x/day
608:Aminoglutethimide
431:, which converts
423:
301:estrogen receptor
169:) are a class of
160:
159:
122:Biological target
59:Class identifiers
4170:
4163:Progonadotropins
4065:Semen collection
3970:Cryopreservation
3919:Oocyte selection
3791:Fertility clinic
3753:
3746:
3739:
3730:
3729:
3448:Xanthine oxidase
3390:Aldose reductase
3376:
3375:
3363:Mixed inhibition
3318:
3311:
3304:
3295:
3294:
3138:
3121:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2787:
2780:
2760:Progonadotropins
2706:Hexestrol esters
2652:Chlorotrianisene
2568:Ethinylestradiol
2475:Estradiol esters
2360:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2303:
2302:
2288:
2273:
2272:
2262:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2135:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2030:Clin. Endocrinol
2025:
2019:
2018:
2008:
1999:(24): 12026β34.
1984:
1978:
1977:
1967:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1926:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1885:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1675:
1666:(6): 1710β1711.
1651:
1645:
1644:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1575:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1499:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1395:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1245:
1236:(8): e839βe843.
1221:
1089:
1088:
789:
784:
760:
755:
733:
706:
701:
681:
676:
671:
650:
645:
640:
615:
589:
584:
579:
563:
546:
530:
507:
500:
493:
486:
478:
470:local metabolism
448:women, while in
420:
317:overall survival
309:adjuvant therapy
90:medical abortion
40:
19:
18:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4120:
4096:Fertility fraud
4079:
4028:
3948:
3899:Embryo transfer
3876:
3867:
3810:
3762:
3757:
3727:
3718:
3702:
3674:
3550:
3537:Tyrosine kinase
3457:
3367:
3331:
3322:
3292:
3287:
3261:
3246:Clinical trials
3221:
3182:
3081:
3072:fluoxymesterone
3034:
2973:
2864:
2855:
2848:
2844:
2821:
2815:
2806:
2754:
2713:Methallenestril
2590:Methylestradiol
2556:Estrone sulfate
2358:
2339:
2330:
2281:
2276:
2231:
2227:
2196:
2192:
2161:
2157:
2112:
2108:
2079:(3β6): 107β15.
2069:
2065:
2026:
2022:
1985:
1981:
1958:(12): 3288β93.
1944:
1940:
1903:
1899:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1846:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1766:
1762:
1733:(3β5): 225β30.
1723:
1719:
1709:
1707:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1652:
1648:
1601:
1597:
1552:
1548:
1533:10.1002/smrj.23
1517:
1513:
1468:
1464:
1435:(4): e975β983.
1421:
1417:
1393:10.1.1.617.8757
1376:
1372:
1329:
1325:
1285:
1281:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1192:
1162:Zingerberaceae
1107:Aesculus glabra
1087:
1051:
1011:
981:
938:
919:
899:
894:
882:(Arimidex) and
862:
834:cytochrome P450
794:98.9%β>99.1%
793:
785:
764:
756:
710:
702:
687:
685:
677:
672:
656:
654:
646:
641:
595:
593:
585:
580:
529:
504:
450:post-menopausal
414:
381:Bisphosphonates
361:
333:
325:
232:In contrast to
230:
225:
195:chemoprevention
54:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4176:
4166:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4087:
4085:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4010:
4009:
3999:
3994:
3993:
3992:
3987:
3985:ovarian tissue
3982:
3977:
3967:
3962:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3880:
3878:
3877:and expansions
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3820:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3772:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3756:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3733:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3693:
3692:
3685:
3683:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3670:Beta-lactamase
3667:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3561:
3559:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3532:Protein kinase
3529:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3510:
3509:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3489:
3488:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3468:
3466:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3430:
3429:
3422:
3421:
3414:
3413:
3406:
3405:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3385:
3383:
3380:Oxidoreductase
3373:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3321:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3298:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3150:
3133:
3116:
3109:chlorpromazine
3097:metoclopramide
3079:
3075:
3044:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3013:
3012:
3007:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2983:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2870:
2868:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2795:
2775:
2764:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2730:Paroxypropione
2727:
2726:
2725:
2715:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2698:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2551:Estrone esters
2548:
2543:
2538:
2527:Estriol esters
2524:
2519:
2514:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2412:norethisterone
2404:
2373:
2364:
2362:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2329:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2280:
2279:External links
2277:
2275:
2274:
2245:(6): 646β682.
2225:
2206:(3): 424β443.
2190:
2171:(3): 387β393.
2155:
2120:Int. J. Cancer
2106:
2063:
2020:
1979:
1938:
1917:(3): 1174β80.
1897:
1876:(5): 1307β18.
1870:Fertil. Steril
1856:
1829:
1803:
1760:
1717:
1695:
1646:
1595:
1566:(9): 1813β26.
1546:
1511:
1462:
1415:
1380:J. Clin. Oncol
1370:
1343:(9453): 60β2.
1323:
1296:(9453): 60β2.
1279:
1265:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1191:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1055:table mushroom
1050:
1047:
1043:white mushroom
1010:
1007:
995:
994:
988:
980:
977:
976:
975:
969:
963:
957:
951:
945:
937:
934:
933:
932:
926:
918:
915:
909:) 1 mg tablets
898:
895:
888:
887:
873:
861:
858:
855:
854:
853:See template.
810:postmenopausal
802:
801:
798:
795:
790:
779:
773:
772:
769:
766:
761:
750:
744:
743:
740:
737:
734:
728:
723:
719:
718:
715:
712:
707:
696:
690:
689:
682:
665:
664:
661:
658:
651:
635:
630:
626:
625:
624:4,500 nM
622:
619:
616:
610:
604:
603:
600:
597:
590:
574:
568:
567:
564:
557:
556:
553:
550:
547:
541:
536:
532:
531:
527:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
503:
502:
495:
488:
480:
413:
410:
402:kidney failure
360:
357:
332:
329:
324:
321:
255:pituitary axis
246:adipose tissue
242:postmenopausal
229:
226:
224:
221:
179:postmenopausal
158:
157:
151:
150:
146:
145:
136:
134:Chemical class
130:
129:
124:
118:
117:
112:
106:
105:
75:
71:
70:
67:
61:
60:
56:
55:
41:
33:
32:
24:
23:
16:Class of drugs
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4175:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4117:
4116:Sex selection
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4019:Sex selection
4017:
4015:
4012:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3953:Other methods
3951:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3874:
3870:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3851:Gonadotropins
3849:
3847:
3846:GnRH agonists
3844:
3842:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3754:
3749:
3747:
3742:
3740:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3707:Miscellaneous
3705:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3645:Enkephalinase
3643:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3623:Endopeptidase
3621:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3589:Neuraminidase
3587:
3585:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3553:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3319:
3314:
3312:
3307:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3076:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2863:
2854:
2843:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2831:Antiestrogens
2828:
2814:
2805:
2799:
2798:Gonadotropins
2796:
2793:
2789:
2788:(gonadorelin)
2782:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2768:Antiandrogens
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:Nonsteroidal:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2337:antiestrogens
2334:
2327:
2322:
2320:
2315:
2313:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2194:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2126:(6): 1404β8.
2125:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2024:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1942:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1860:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1776:(5): 279β83.
1775:
1771:
1764:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1705:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1599:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1550:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1515:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1466:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1419:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1374:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1327:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1275:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1216:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1187:
1180:
1178:Brassicaceae
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1143:White onions
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1111:Ohio buckeye
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1092:Species Name
1091:
1090:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1039:enzyme assays
1036:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1015:Angela Brodie
1006:
1004:
1000:
992:
989:
986:
983:
982:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
939:
930:
927:
924:
921:
920:
917:Non-selective
914:
908:
903:
893:
885:
881:
877:
874:
871:
867:
866:
865:
852:
848:
845:
844:breast cancer
841:
838:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
796:
791:
780:
778:
775:
774:
770:
767:
762:
751:
749:
746:
745:
741:
738:
735:
729:
727:
724:
720:
716:
713:
708:
697:
695:
692:
691:
683:
667:
666:
652:
636:
634:
627:
623:
620:
617:
611:
609:
606:
605:
601:
598:
591:
575:
573:
570:
569:
565:
559:
558:
548:
542:
540:
533:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
508:
501:
496:
494:
489:
487:
482:
481:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
456:(outside the
455:
451:
447:
446:premenopausal
443:
438:
434:
430:
418:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
356:
354:
351:but not with
350:
346:
342:
338:
328:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
247:
243:
239:
235:
234:premenopausal
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
175:breast cancer
172:
168:
164:
156:
152:
147:
144:
140:
137:
135:
131:
128:
125:
123:
119:
116:
113:
111:
107:
103:
102:short stature
99:
98:endometriosis
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
78:Breast cancer
76:
72:
68:
66:
62:
57:
52:
51:breast cancer
48:
44:
39:
34:
31:
30:
25:
20:
4050:Egg donation
3828:
3639:
3606:Exopeptidase
3576:Ribonuclease
3542:Janus kinase
3434:
3427:Lipoxygenase
3403:5Ξ±-Reductase
3325:Pharmacology
3208:
3193:
3153:Progestogens
3056:testosterone
3016:
3001:
2995:Testolactone
2986:
2978:
2965:
2950:
2924:Ormeloxifene
2919:Mepitiostane
2914:Lasofoxifene
2909:Epitiostanol
2889:Broparestrol
2884:Bazedoxifene
2772:bicalutamide
2638:
2627:Quinestradol
2622:Promestriene
2416:noretynodrel
2397:metandienone
2385:testosterone
2367:
2242:
2238:
2228:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2123:
2119:
2109:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2036:(5): 510β3.
2033:
2029:
2023:
1996:
1992:
1982:
1955:
1951:
1941:
1914:
1910:
1900:
1873:
1869:
1859:
1847:. Retrieved
1843:the original
1832:
1820:. Retrieved
1816:the original
1806:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1708:. Retrieved
1698:
1663:
1659:
1649:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1563:
1559:
1549:
1527:(2): 79β90.
1524:
1520:
1514:
1479:
1476:N Engl J Med
1475:
1465:
1432:
1428:
1418:
1386:(6): 840β2.
1383:
1379:
1373:
1340:
1336:
1326:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1268:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1186:
1175:Cauliflower
1170:
1154:
1138:
1130:Agaricaceae
1122:
1106:
1095:Common Name
1068:
1052:
1027:
1012:
996:
929:Testolactone
912:
863:
850:
826:Nonsteroidal
824:). Type II:
818:irreversible
805:
800:2.5 nM
539:Testolactone
519:% inhibition
426:
365:osteoporosis
362:
359:Side effects
349:gonadotropin
334:
326:
323:Gynecomastia
293:
289:
285:
281:
271:
259:gonadotropin
257:to increase
251:hypothalamus
231:
223:Medical uses
199:
183:gynecomastia
166:
162:
161:
149:Legal status
143:Nonsteroidal
94:gynecomastia
27:
3856:menotropins
3768:Infertility
3655:Oxytocinase
3463:Transferase
3242:from market
3139:antagonists
3126:leuprorelin
3105:haloperidol
3101:risperidone
3093:domperidone
3085:antagonists
3068:oxandrolone
3020:Anastrozole
2959:Fulvestrant
2954:Elacestrant
2904:Enclomifene
2847:antagonists
2792:leuprorelin
2735:Quadrosilan
2511:Climacteron
2430:Clomestrone
2371:Alfatradiol
1159:Red ginger
1075:pinocembrin
942:Anastrozole
907:anastrozole
880:anastrozole
847:homogenates
771:10 nM
748:Anastrozole
742:15 nM
663:30 nM
572:Rogletimide
394:infertility
305:anastrozole
292:lone or in
191:exogenously
155:In Wikidata
82:infertility
43:Anastrozole
4147:Categories
4070:Sperm bank
3202:Gestrinone
3143:cetrorelix
3025:Exemestane
3010:Formestane
2969:Trilostane
2944:Toremifene
2934:Raloxifene
2929:Ospemifene
2899:Cyclofenil
2874:Acolbifene
2657:Dienestrol
2647:Bifluranol
2642:Benzestrol
2632:Quinestrol
2600:Nilestriol
2455:Epimestrol
2450:Epiestriol
2408:progestins
2368:Steroidal:
2297:AI therapy
1993:Cancer Res
1849:23 January
1822:22 January
1429:Pediatrics
1212:References
1146:Liliaceae
1139:Allium sp.
1023:Formestane
968:(Lentaron)
966:Formestane
956:(Aromasin)
954:Exemestane
944:(Arimidex)
905:Arimidex (
890:See also:
870:exemestane
830:reversible
806:Footnotes:
763:96.7β97.3%
726:Exemestane
633:Formestane
513:Medication
510:Generation
377:joint pain
353:clomiphene
288:amoxifen,
29:Drug class
4024:Surrogacy
3834:clomifene
3556:Hydrolase
3520:Integrase
3435:Aromatase
3372:Substrate
3252:Phase III
3240:Withdrawn
3130:goserelin
3113:sulpiride
3089:prolactin
3048:Androgens
3030:Letrozole
3005:Fadrozole
2939:Tamoxifen
2894:Clomifene
2701:Hexestrol
2595:Moxestrol
2585:Mestranol
2470:Estradiol
2377:androgens
2345:Estrogens
2333:Estrogens
1710:August 9,
1682:0923-7534
1641:195689537
1625:0012-6667
1388:CiteSeerX
1260:211475185
1064:green tea
1059:aromatase
1057:has anti-
1035:mushrooms
993:("6-OXO")
972:Fadrozole
948:Letrozole
936:Selective
884:letrozole
842:). = In
814:Steroidal
777:Letrozole
694:Fadrozole
437:estrogens
433:androgens
429:aromatase
406:hair loss
373:arthrosis
369:arthritis
337:letrozole
298:localized
284:rimidex,
274:Tamoxifen
267:substrate
201:Aromatase
187:off-label
139:Steroidal
127:Aromatase
4075:Ova bank
4033:Donation
3602:Protease
3264:See also
3147:elagolix
3122:agonists
3082:receptor
2879:Anordrin
2781:agonists
2465:Estetrol
2424:tibolone
2406:Certain
2375:Certain
2361:agonists
2269:18690828
2220:24468305
2185:18948180
2150:22781113
2142:19048616
2101:28593509
2058:41008940
2050:16649968
2015:17178902
1974:11739882
1933:15001605
1892:16647373
1790:12402060
1755:11210435
1747:14623515
1690:23696617
1633:15161328
1590:25842353
1582:19235248
1541:27784593
1506:26398071
1457:39852740
1449:18381525
1410:19139426
1357:15639680
1310:15639680
1252:32091951
1190:See also
1079:acacetin
1049:Research
1005:leaves.
960:Vorozole
950:(Femara)
931:(Teslac)
851:Sources:
466:systemic
263:androgen
209:estrogen
110:ATC code
104:, others
65:Synonyms
4125:Related
3975:embryos
3628:Trypsin
3197:Danazol
3155:(e.g.,
3141:(e.g.,
3124:(e.g.,
3054:(e.g.,
2849:(incl.
2800:(e.g.,
2783:(e.g.,
2770:(e.g.,
2750:Zeranol
2546:Estrone
2529:(e.g.,
2522:Estriol
2477:(e.g.,
2410:(e.g.,
2383:(e.g.,
2260:3074486
2093:9365179
1952:J. Nutr
1798:2862849
1497:4739644
1365:8350282
1318:8350282
1133:Fungus
1098:Family
1071:damiana
1041:, with
1017:at the
1009:History
1003:damiana
979:Unknown
974:(Afema)
897:Members
797:Type II
768:Type II
714:Type II
621:Type II
599:Type II
454:tissues
442:ovaries
389:statins
238:ovaries
203:is the
4084:Ethics
4055:Embryo
3980:oocyte
3776:Female
3682:(EC 4)
3558:(EC 3)
3465:(EC 2)
3425:1.13
3382:(EC 1)
3235:WHO-EM
3187:Others
2267:
2257:
2218:
2183:
2148:
2140:
2099:
2091:
2056:
2048:
2013:
1972:
1931:
1890:
1796:
1788:
1753:
1745:
1688:
1680:
1639:
1631:
1623:
1588:
1580:
1560:Cancer
1539:
1504:
1494:
1455:
1447:
1408:
1390:
1363:
1355:
1337:Lancet
1333:Baum M
1316:
1308:
1290:Lancet
1258:
1250:
1181:Plant
1165:Plant
1149:Plant
1117:Plant
840:moiety
739:Type I
688:92.5%
660:Type I
629:Second
552:Type I
516:Dosage
375:, and
228:Cancer
205:enzyme
4060:Sperm
3990:semen
3875:(IVF)
3680:Lyase
3640:Mixed
3633:Renin
3611:DPP-4
3446:1.17
3440:COX-2
3433:1.14
3336:Class
2861:SERDs
2852:SERMs
2146:S2CID
2097:S2CID
2054:S2CID
1794:S2CID
1751:S2CID
1637:S2CID
1605:Drugs
1586:S2CID
1453:S2CID
1361:S2CID
1314:S2CID
1256:S2CID
1101:Type
987:(ATD)
860:Types
808:= In
792:98.4%
765:98.1%
736:97.9%
722:Third
711:92.6%
709:82.4%
686:91.9%
684:84.8%
657:57.3%
655:70.0%
653:72.3%
618:90.6%
596:73.8%
594:63.5%
592:50.6%
535:First
522:Class
462:brain
435:into
387:. As
240:, in
213:enone
171:drugs
115:L02BG
3786:LGBT
3781:Male
3696:4.2
3688:4.1
3663:3.5
3600:3.4
3582:3.2
3564:3.1
3513:2.7
3505:2.6
3492:2.5
3486:PARP
3484:2.4
3473:COMT
3471:2.1
3417:1.5
3409:1.4
3401:1.3
3388:1.1
3137:GnRH
3120:GnRH
2786:GnRH
2779:GnRH
2335:and
2265:PMID
2216:PMID
2181:PMID
2138:PMID
2089:PMID
2046:PMID
2011:PMID
1970:PMID
1929:PMID
1888:PMID
1851:2016
1824:2016
1786:PMID
1743:PMID
1712:2012
1686:PMID
1678:ISSN
1629:PMID
1621:ISSN
1578:PMID
1537:PMID
1502:PMID
1445:PMID
1406:PMID
1353:PMID
1306:PMID
1248:PMID
1077:and
837:heme
788:p.o.
783:p.o.
759:p.o.
754:p.o.
732:p.o.
705:p.o.
700:p.o.
680:i.m.
675:i.m.
670:i.m.
649:p.o.
644:p.o.
639:p.o.
614:p.o.
588:p.o.
583:p.o.
578:p.o.
562:i.m.
545:p.o.
278:SERM
253:and
249:the
45:, a
3863:hCG
3841:FSH
3616:ACE
2803:FSH
2255:PMC
2247:doi
2208:doi
2204:152
2173:doi
2169:120
2128:doi
2124:124
2081:doi
2038:doi
2001:doi
1960:doi
1956:131
1919:doi
1878:doi
1778:doi
1735:doi
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