433:
commonly so). In the diagram, the adrenal gland (1) releases androstenedione (3) while the ovaries (2) secrete testosterone (4). Both hormones travel to peripheral tissues or a breast cell (5), where they would be converted into estrone (8) or estradiol (9) if not for AIs (7), which prevent the enzyme CYP19A1 (also known as aromatase or estrogen synthase) (6) from catalyzing the reaction that turns androstenedione and testosterone into estrone and estradiol. In the diagram, Part A represents the successful conversion of androstenedione and testosterone into estrone and estradiol in the liver. Part B represents the blockage of this conversion by aromatase inhibitors both in peripheral tissues and in the breast tumor itself.
428:
49:
2297:
913:
259:
of the breast) with aromatase inhibitors has been proven to be an effective treatment for hormone-sensitive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Aromatase inhibitors are generally not used to treat breast cancer in premenopausal women because, prior to menopause, the decrease in estrogen activates
1072:
properties and therefore possible anti-estrogen activity. In 2009, a case-control study of the eating habits of 2,018 women in southeast China revealed that women who consumed greater than 10 grams of fresh mushrooms or greater than 4 grams of dried mushrooms per day had an approximately 50% lower
432:
Often used as a cancer treatment in postmenopausal women, AIs work by blocking the conversion of androstenedione and testosterone into estrone and estradiol, respectively, which are both crucial to the growth of developing breast cancers (AIs are also effective at treating ovarian cancer, but less
402:
have a bone strengthening effect, combining a statin with an aromatase inhibitor could help prevent fractures and suspected cardiovascular risks, without potential of causing osteonecrosis of the jaw. The more common adverse events associated with the use of aromatase inhibitors include decreased
1298:
Howell A, Cuzick J, Baum M, Buzdar A, Dowsett M, Forbes JF, Hoctin-Boes G, Houghton J, Locker GY, Tobias JS (2005). "Results of the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in
Combination) trial after completion of 5 years' adjuvant treatment for breast cancer".
1039:
Investigations and research has been undertaken to study the use of aromatase inhibitors to stimulate ovulation, and also to suppress estrogen production. Aromatase inhibitors have been shown to reverse age-related declines in testosterone, including
355:
450:
by a process called aromatization. As breast tissue is stimulated by estrogens, decreasing their production is a way of suppressing recurrence of the breast tumor tissue. The main source of estrogen is the
1346:, Buzdar A, Dowsett M, Forbes JF, et al. (2005). "Results of the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination) trial after completion of 5 years' adjuvant treatment for breast cancer".
230:. Because hormone-positive breast and ovarian cancers are dependent on estrogen for growth, AIs are taken to either block the production of estrogen or block the action of estrogen on receptors.
358:, ovarian stimulation with letrozole resulted in a significantly lower frequency of multiple gestation (i.e., twins or triplets) but also a lower frequency of live birth, as compared with
508:
255:
women estrogen is mainly produced in peripheral tissues of the body. Because some breast cancers respond to estrogen, lowering estrogen production at the site of the cancer (i.e. the
2039:
Hero M, Wickman S, Dunkel L (2006). "Treatment with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole during adolescence increases near-final height in boys with constitutional delay of puberty".
3761:
1077:
had a 90% lower incidence of breast cancer. However the study was relatively small (2,018 patients participating) and limited to
Chinese women of southeast China.
4116:
501:
2334:
120:
2209:
Szewczyka K, Zidorn C (2014). "Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of the genus
Turnera (Passifloraceae) with a focus on damianaβTurnera diffusa".
276:
production. The heightened gonadotropin levels also upregulate the aromatase promoter, increasing aromatase production in the setting of increased androgen
1822:
1056:
having shown the greatest ability to inhibit the enzyme. AIs have also been used experimentally in the treatment of adolescents with delayed puberty.
4142:
494:
1614:
Simpson, Dene; Curran, Monique P.; Perry, Caroline M. (2004-01-01). "Letrozole: a review of its use in postmenopausal women with breast cancer".
1849:
3754:
1434:
Shulman, DI; Francis, GL; Palmert, MR; Eugster, EA; Lawson
Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society Drug and Therapeutics Committee (April 2008).
3326:
1714:
3288:
2870:
1389:
Seruga B, Tannock IF (2009). "Up-front use of aromatase inhibitors as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer: the emperor has no clothes".
3747:
2327:
1029:
223:
419:, and liver dysfunction. Patients with liver, kidney or adrenal abnormalities are at a higher risk of developing adverse events.
394:
are sometimes prescribed to prevent the osteoporosis induced by aromatase inhibitors, but also have another serious side effect,
2174:
Zhao J, Dasmahapatra AK, Khan SI, Khan IA (2008). "Anti-aromatase activity of the constituents from damiana (Turnera diffusa)".
4168:
3856:
2861:
1665:
Rossi, A.; Iorio, A.; Scali, E.; Fortuna, M. C.; Mari, E.; Maxia, C.; Gerardi, M.; Framarino, M.; Carlesimo, M. (2013-06-01).
3873:
3278:
3245:
2301:
2082:
Chen S, Kao YC, Laughton CA (1997). "Binding characteristics of aromatase inhibitors and phytoestrogens to human aromatase".
288:
283:
Ongoing areas of clinical research include optimizing adjuvant hormonal therapy in postmenopausal women with breast cancer.
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2684:
2320:
1216:
17:
3934:
280:. This would counteract the effect of the aromatase inhibitor in premenopausal women, as total estrogen would increase.
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3463:
886:
57:
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ring of androgen precursors such as testosterone, to a phenol, completing the synthesis of estrogen. As such, AIs are
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3488:
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995:
902:
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4111:
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3939:
3675:
3509:
1826:
1436:"Use of aromatase inhibitors in children and adolescents with disorders of growth and adolescent development"
322:, when given to prevent relapse after surgery for breast cancer, show that they are associated with a better
3851:
3708:
3700:
3179:
2812:
2566:
1211:
227:
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3576:
3517:
3421:
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3183:
2127:"Dietary intakes of mushrooms and green tea combine to reduce the risk of breast cancer in Chinese women"
3458:
3400:
3363:
3312:
2583:
1001:
338:
Aromatase inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of gynecomastia in children and adolescents.
1959:"White button mushroom phytochemicals inhibit aromatase activity and breast cancer cell proliferation"
4173:
3724:
3547:
2395:
1918:"Effects of aromatase inhibition in elderly men with low or borderline-low serum testosterone levels"
1850:"Robert A. Weinberg and Angela M. Hartley Brodie awarded 2006 Landon-AACR Prizes for Cancer Research"
475:. Estrogen is produced and acts locally in these tissues, but any circulating estrogen, which exerts
3413:
1853:
1403:
3680:
3542:
2590:
395:
1084:(Turnera diffusa) has been found to suppress aromatase activity, including the isolated compounds
1024:
The development of aromatase inhibitors was first pioneered by the work of
British pharmacologist
3990:
3985:
3970:
3816:
3655:
3633:
3599:
3358:
3250:
2755:
2733:
2517:
2513:
1998:
Chen S, Oh SR, Phung S, Hur G, Ye JJ, Kwok SL, Shrode GE, Belury M, Adams LS, Williams D (2006).
308:
144:
1435:
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4000:
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3616:
3586:
3552:
3525:
3437:
3353:
2750:
2527:
2480:
1530:
Tan, RB; et al. (19 October 2015). "Clinical Use of
Aromatase Inhibitors in Adult Males".
1398:
1343:
828:
468:
3665:
3167:
2551:
2545:
2475:
2445:
2355:
2343:
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408:
326:
than tamoxifen, but few conventionally-analyzed clinicals trials have shown that AIs have an
323:
277:
330:
advantage compared with tamoxifen, and there is no good evidence they are better tolerated.
4012:
3904:
3826:
3175:
2672:
2620:
2556:
2532:
2505:
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1041:
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8:
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3530:
3227:
3171:
3095:
2821:
2501:
2497:
2430:
2000:"Anti-aromatase activity of phytochemicals in white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus)"
351:
354:
in order to treat unexplained female infertility. In a multi-center study funded by the
4050:
4017:
3786:
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1980:
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1316:
1270:
1258:
1206:
933:
618:
311:
132:
2160:
2111:
2068:
1765:
1600:
1567:"A woman's heart: the impact of adjuvant endocrine therapy on cardiovascular health"
1467:
4075:
3980:
3929:
3801:
3791:
3739:
3373:
3339:
3062:
3050:
2662:
2578:
2391:
2265:
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2218:
2183:
2138:
2091:
2048:
2011:
1970:
1929:
1888:
1808:
1788:
1745:
1678:
1623:
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1539:
1502:
1494:
1447:
1408:
1375:
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1328:
1308:
1248:
464:
327:
319:
100:
3304:
2016:
1999:
4106:
4065:
3909:
3643:
3450:
3146:
3082:
2770:
2723:
2600:
1013:
844:
460:
391:
265:
205:
4070:
3496:
3483:
3390:
3256:
3119:
3107:
2740:
2422:
2261:
1779:
Mokbel K (2002). "The evolving role of aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer".
1065:
1053:
412:
256:
252:
125:
2312:
2222:
2187:
1877:"Aromatase inhibitors: the next generation of therapeutics for endometriosis?"
883:(Aromasin), forms a permanent and deactivating bond with the aromatase enzyme.
80:
Estrogen synthesis inhibitors; Estrogen synthase inhibitors; Estrogen blockers
4157:
4126:
4029:
3626:
2706:
1975:
1958:
1692:
1635:
1412:
1025:
875:
There are two types of aromatase inhibitors approved to treat breast cancer:
854:
820:
480:
456:
244:
185:
112:
108:
88:
61:
1683:
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1984:
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1902:
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1700:
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1420:
1367:
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1049:
939:
836:
549:
375:
359:
269:
261:
193:
153:
104:
2103:
1792:
1715:"Aromatase Inhibitors in Products Marketed as Dietary Supplements: Recall"
1498:
3778:
3473:
3163:
3136:
3115:
3111:
3103:
3088:
3078:
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2964:
2914:
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1253:
1236:
1085:
952:
917:
890:
832:
758:
582:
404:
315:
201:
92:
53:
479:
estrogenic effects in men and women, is the result of estrogen escaping
390:. Men do not appear to exhibit the same adverse effects on bone health.
165:
4080:
3866:
3212:
3153:
3035:
3020:
2979:
2954:
2944:
2939:
2909:
2884:
2728:
2694:
2667:
2657:
2652:
2642:
2615:
2610:
2465:
2460:
1583:
1566:
1033:
976:
964:
897:(Femara), inhibit the synthesis of estrogen via reversible competition.
880:
857:
736:
643:
387:
363:
181:
39:
2143:
2126:
1235:
Hassett, Michael J.; Somerfield, Mark R.; Giordano, Sharon H. (2020).
427:
291:) traditionally was the drug treatment of choice, but the ATAC trial (
4034:
3844:
3566:
3140:
3123:
3099:
3040:
3015:
2949:
2904:
2711:
2699:
2689:
2605:
2595:
2418:
2244:
Balunas, M. J.; Su, B.; Brueggemeier, R. W.; Kinghorn, A. D. (2008).
1074:
1073:
incidence of breast cancer. Chinese women who consumed mushrooms and
1069:
1045:
982:
958:
894:
824:
787:
704:
439:
416:
383:
379:
347:
284:
211:
197:
189:
137:
2118:
1543:
1483:"Letrozole, Gonadotropin, or Clomiphene for Unexplained Infertility"
4085:
3222:
3157:
3058:
2889:
2434:
2387:
1089:
970:
447:
443:
318:
had better results than the tamoxifen group. Trials of AIs used as
273:
219:
2871:
3207:
2760:
1081:
1036:
in clinical trials in 1982. The drug was first marketed in 1994.
452:
438:
Aromatase inhibitors work by inhibiting the action of the enzyme
399:
149:
75:
1667:"Aromatase inhibitors induce 'male pattern hair loss' in women?"
374:
In women, side effects include an increased risk for developing
3405:
2296:
1736:
Simpson ER (2003). "Sources of estrogen and their importance".
215:
2862:
1008:
In addition to pharmaceutical AIs, some natural elements have
200:
to reduce estrogen conversion when supplementing testosterone
48:
3690:
2307:
2243:
536:
472:
248:
1433:
1291:
463:
women most of the body's estrogen is produced in peripheral
218:
that catalyzes a key aromatization step in the synthesis of
1916:
Leder BZ, Rohrer JL, Rubin SD, Gallo J, Longcope C (2004).
912:
847:
1237:"Management of Male Breast Cancer: ASCO Guideline Summary"
471:), and also a few CNS sites in various regions within the
272:
secretion, which in turn stimulates the ovary to increase
1234:
2173:
1481:
Diamond MP, Legro RS, Coutifaris R, et al. (2015).
1825:. University of Maryland Medical Centre. Archived from
1048:
have been shown to inhibit aromatase when evaluated by
247:
women, in whom most of the estrogen is produced in the
3147:
3130:
2796:
2789:
1664:
1480:
1341:
1297:
1915:
3769:
2813:
2734:
Methestrol dipropionate (promethestrol dipropionate)
3334:
2124:
2876:Tooltip selective estrogen receptor downregulators
1613:
356:National Institute of Child Health and Development
4143:Reproduction and pregnancy in speculative fiction
2125:Zhang M, Huang J, Xie X, Holman CD (March 2009).
2038:
1957:Grube BJ, Eng ET, Kao YC, Kwon A, Chen S (2001).
346:Ovarian stimulation with the aromatase inhibitor
4155:
314:-positive breast cancer, women receiving the AI
2700:Mestilbol (diethylstilbestrol monomethyl ether)
2342:
2208:
2081:
1956:
1095:
690:
685:
680:
572:
2867:Tooltip selective estrogen receptor modulators
1997:
3755:
3320:
2690:Dimestrol (diethylstilbestrol dimethyl ether)
2328:
1388:
502:
1991:
2822:
2695:Fosfestrol (diethylstilbestrol diphosphate)
879:Irreversible steroidal inhibitors, such as
60:and a widely used drug in the treatment of
3762:
3748:
3327:
3313:
2335:
2321:
2246:"Natural products as aromatase inhibitors"
1874:
1285:"Hormone Therapy for Breast Cancer in Men"
509:
495:
2851:
2616:Prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEA)
2365:
2269:
2250:Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
2142:
2015:
1974:
1933:
1892:
1682:
1582:
1564:
1506:
1427:
1402:
1252:
1030:University of Maryland School of Medicine
516:Pharmacodynamics of aromatase inhibitors
208:in women at high risk for breast cancer.
2572:Estropipate (piperazine estrone sulfate)
1717:(Press release). FDA. September 20, 2010
911:
426:
1735:
14:
4156:
1950:
1847:
1841:
1778:
843:(binding to and interference with the
422:
341:
307:ombination) showed that in women with
3743:
3308:
2316:
798:
793:
769:
764:
742:
715:
710:
659:
654:
649:
624:
598:
593:
588:
555:
2818:Tooltip follicle-stimulating hormone
2075:
1848:Grohol, John M. (21 February 2009).
1815:
1217:Selective estrogen receptor degrader
924:Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) include:
403:rate of bone maturation and growth,
1529:
1335:
24:
3223:Androvax (androstenedione albumin)
1032:, first demonstrating efficacy of
25:
4185:
3945:Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
3289:Progestogens and antiprogestogens
2289:
58:non steroidal aromatase inhibitor
3925:Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
3900:Autologous endometrial coculture
3771:Assisted reproductive technology
2685:Diethylstilbestrol esters/ethers
2680:Diethylstilbestrol (stilbestrol)
2295:
2053:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02499.x
1894:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.09.064
1628:10.2165/00003495-200464110-00005
927:
47:
2237:
2202:
2167:
2032:
1909:
1868:
1852:. PsycheCentral. Archived from
1772:
1729:
1707:
1658:
1607:
369:
333:
233:
4008:Gamete intrafallopian transfer
3955:Zygote intrafallopian transfer
3228:Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)
2414:) (via estrogenic metabolites)
1558:
1523:
1474:
1382:
1277:
1228:
996:1,4,6-Androstatrien-3,17-dione
903:Steroidal Aromatase Inhibitors
196:in men. They may also be used
13:
1:
4169:Hormonal antineoplastic drugs
4112:Genetic diagnosis of intersex
3940:Partner-assisted reproduction
2096:10.1016/S0960-0760(97)80001-5
2084:J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol
2017:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-2206
1750:10.1016/S0960-0760(03)00360-1
1738:J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol
1360:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17666-6
1313:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17666-6
1222:
1064:Research suggests the common
936:(Elipten, Cytadren, Orimeten)
228:estrogen synthesis inhibitors
3279:Estrogen receptor modulators
3180:hydroxyprogesterone caproate
2211:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
2176:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
1823:"Angela Hartley Brodie, PhD"
1212:Estrogen deprivation therapy
1096:Natural aromatase inhibitors
946:
684:500 mg 1x/2 weeks
679:250 mg 1x/2 weeks
378:and joint disorders such as
204:. They may also be used for
7:
3950:Transvaginal ovum retrieval
3284:Androgens and antiandrogens
3220:Androstenedione immunogens:
3184:medroxyprogesterone acetate
2827:Tooltip luteinizing hormone
2707:Doisynoestrol (fenocycline)
1200:
1059:
689:500 mg 1x/1 week
10:
4190:
3505:Dihydropteroate synthetase
3364:Non-competitive inhibition
3205:Mixed mechanism of action:
2977:Noncompetitive inhibitors:
2729:Methestrol (promethestrol)
2584:Ethinylestradiol sulfonate
2262:10.2174/187152008785133092
1922:J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab
1875:Attar E, Bulun SE (2006).
1080:The extract from the herb
1019:
1002:4-Androstene-3,6,17-trione
989:
907:
900:
4135:
4117:Religious response to ART
4094:
4043:
3963:
3882:
3825:
3777:
3725:Steroidogenesis inhibitor
3717:
3689:
3565:
3472:
3389:
3382:
3346:
3240:
3197:
3049:
2988:
2962:Exclusively antagonistic:
2856:Tooltip Estrogen receptor
2849:
2840:
2769:
2370:Tooltip Estrogen receptor
2363:
2354:
2223:10.1016/j.jep.2014.01.019
2188:10.1016/j.jep.2008.09.016
1565:Ewer MS, GlΓΌck S (2009).
815:
732:
673:
670:
642:
639:
565:
562:
548:
545:
238:
184:used in the treatment of
164:
159:
143:
131:
119:
84:
74:
69:
46:
37:
32:
3935:Ovarian hyperstimulation
3661:Matrix metalloproteinase
3464:Ribonucleotide reductase
3359:Uncompetitive inhibition
2591:Hydroxyestrone diacetate
2518:estradiol ester mixtures
1413:10.1200/JCO.2008.19.5594
889:, such as the triazoles
870:
396:osteonecrosis of the jaw
3971:Artificial insemination
3817:Male infertility crisis
3430:Dihydrofolate reductase
2756:Triphenylchloroethylene
2514:polyestradiol phosphate
1532:Sexual Medicine Reviews
887:Nonsteroidal inhibitors
407:, aggressive behavior,
4122:Mitochondrial donation
4056:Donor Sibling Registry
3895:Assisted zona hatching
3884:In vitro fertilisation
3526:Nucleotidyltransferase
3354:Competitive inhibition
2751:Triphenylbromoethylene
2528:Estramustine phosphate
1976:10.1093/jn/131.12.3288
1935:10.1210/jc.2003-031467
1452:10.1542/peds.2007-2081
1044:. Extracts of certain
921:
833:substrate-binding site
623:250 mg mg 4x/day
435:
350:has been proposed for
192:women and in men, and
3536:Reverse transcriptase
3168:chlormadinone acetate
2552:Estrogenic substances
2546:polyestriol phosphate
2446:Cloxestradiol acetate
1793:10.1007/s101470200040
1684:10.1093/annonc/mdt170
1499:10.1056/NEJMoa1414827
1241:JCO Oncology Practice
1138:Baby button mushroom
915:
483:and spreading to the
430:
409:adrenal insufficiency
324:disease-free survival
4164:Aromatase inhibitors
4013:Reproductive surgery
3905:Cytoplasmic transfer
3835:Estrogen antagonists
3827:Fertility medication
3582:Acetylcholinesterase
3489:Thymidylate synthase
3176:gestonorone caproate
2990:Aromatase inhibitors
2673:Dienestrol diacetate
2621:Prasterone enanthate
2506:estradiol undecylate
2471:Esterified estrogens
2456:Conjugated estrogens
2304:at Wikimedia Commons
2302:Aromatase inhibitors
1342:Howell A, Cuzick J,
1254:10.1200/JOP.19.00792
1042:primary hypogonadism
1010:aromatase inhibiting
571:100 mg 3x/week
174:Aromatase inhibitors
18:Aromatase inhibitors
4025:Selective reduction
3976:Ovulation induction
3920:In vitro maturation
3915:Gestational carrier
3840:aromatase inhibitor
3676:Histone deacetylase
3510:Farnesyltransferase
3172:cyproterone acetate
3071:testosterone esters
2502:estradiol enanthate
2498:estradiol cypionate
2431:etynodiol diacetate
2400:testosterone esters
1781:Int. J. Clin. Oncol
797:2.5 mg 1x/day
792:0.5 mg 1x/day
658:250 mg 1x/day
653:125 mg 2x/day
648:125 mg 1x/day
597:800 mg 2x/day
592:400 mg 2x/day
587:200 mg 2x/day
554:250 mg 4x/day
517:
423:Mechanism of action
352:ovulation induction
342:Ovulation induction
33:Aromatase inhibitor
4051:Donor registration
4018:Vasectomy reversal
3709:Carbonic anhydrase
3701:Dopa decarboxylase
3369:Suicide inhibition
3267:Never to phase III
3102:releasers) (e.g.,
3013:Second-generation:
2626:Prasterone sulfate
2510:estradiol valerate
2494:estradiol benzoate
2451:Conjugated estriol
2404:methyltestosterone
1829:on 1 February 2016
1671:Annals of Oncology
1584:10.1002/cncr.24219
973:(R-76713; Rivizor)
922:
823:women. = Type I:
768:10 mg 1x/day
741:25 mg 1x/day
490:
485:circulatory system
436:
222:. It converts the
97:precocious puberty
4151:
4150:
4102:Accidental incest
3812:Fertility tourism
3807:Fertility testing
3737:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3605:Alpha-glucosidase
3595:Polygalacturonase
3577:Phosphodiesterase
3518:GABA transaminase
3422:Monoamine oxidase
3406:HMG-CoA reductase
3340:enzyme inhibition
3302:
3301:
3294:List of estrogens
3236:
3235:
3188:megestrol acetate
3075:nandrolone esters
3063:anabolic steroids
3051:Antigonadotropins
3028:Third-generation:
3001:Aminoglutethimide
2998:First-generation:
2836:
2835:
2542:estriol succinate
2490:estradiol acetate
2412:nandrolone esters
2392:anabolic steroids
2300:Media related to
2144:10.1002/ijc.24047
1856:on 11 August 2017
1622:(11): 1213β1230.
1493:(13): 1230β1240.
1207:CYP17A1 inhibitor
1196:
1195:
1182:Brassica oleracea
1166:Alpinia purpurata
1134:Agaricus bisporus
1125:Hippocastanaceae
1012:effects, such as
934:Aminoglutethimide
868:
867:
763:1 mg 1x/day
714:2 mg 2x/day
709:1 mg 1x/day
619:Aminoglutethimide
442:, which converts
434:
312:estrogen receptor
180:) are a class of
171:
170:
133:Biological target
70:Class identifiers
16:(Redirected from
4181:
4174:Progonadotropins
4076:Semen collection
3981:Cryopreservation
3930:Oocyte selection
3802:Fertility clinic
3764:
3757:
3750:
3741:
3740:
3459:Xanthine oxidase
3401:Aldose reductase
3387:
3386:
3374:Mixed inhibition
3329:
3322:
3315:
3306:
3305:
3149:
3132:
2877:
2873:
2868:
2864:
2857:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2815:
2798:
2791:
2771:Progonadotropins
2717:Hexestrol esters
2663:Chlorotrianisene
2579:Ethinylestradiol
2486:Estradiol esters
2371:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2314:
2313:
2299:
2284:
2283:
2273:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2146:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2041:Clin. Endocrinol
2036:
2030:
2029:
2019:
2010:(24): 12026β34.
1995:
1989:
1988:
1978:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1937:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1896:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1686:
1677:(6): 1710β1711.
1662:
1656:
1655:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1586:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1510:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1406:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1256:
1247:(8): e839βe843.
1232:
1100:
1099:
800:
795:
771:
766:
744:
717:
712:
692:
687:
682:
661:
656:
651:
626:
600:
595:
590:
574:
557:
541:
518:
511:
504:
497:
489:
481:local metabolism
459:women, while in
431:
328:overall survival
320:adjuvant therapy
101:medical abortion
51:
30:
29:
21:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4131:
4107:Fertility fraud
4090:
4039:
3959:
3910:Embryo transfer
3887:
3878:
3821:
3773:
3768:
3738:
3729:
3713:
3685:
3561:
3548:Tyrosine kinase
3468:
3378:
3342:
3333:
3303:
3298:
3272:
3257:Clinical trials
3232:
3193:
3092:
3083:fluoxymesterone
3045:
2984:
2875:
2866:
2859:
2855:
2832:
2826:
2817:
2765:
2724:Methallenestril
2601:Methylestradiol
2567:Estrone sulfate
2369:
2350:
2341:
2292:
2287:
2242:
2238:
2207:
2203:
2172:
2168:
2123:
2119:
2090:(3β6): 107β15.
2080:
2076:
2037:
2033:
1996:
1992:
1969:(12): 3288β93.
1955:
1951:
1914:
1910:
1873:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1846:
1842:
1832:
1830:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1777:
1773:
1744:(3β5): 225β30.
1734:
1730:
1720:
1718:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1663:
1659:
1612:
1608:
1563:
1559:
1544:10.1002/smrj.23
1528:
1524:
1479:
1475:
1446:(4): e975β983.
1432:
1428:
1404:10.1.1.617.8757
1387:
1383:
1340:
1336:
1296:
1292:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1203:
1173:Zingerberaceae
1118:Aesculus glabra
1098:
1062:
1022:
992:
949:
930:
910:
905:
893:(Arimidex) and
873:
845:cytochrome P450
805:98.9%β>99.1%
804:
796:
775:
767:
721:
713:
698:
696:
688:
683:
667:
665:
657:
652:
606:
604:
596:
591:
540:
515:
461:post-menopausal
425:
392:Bisphosphonates
372:
344:
336:
243:In contrast to
241:
236:
206:chemoprevention
65:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4187:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4010:
4005:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3996:ovarian tissue
3993:
3988:
3978:
3973:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3891:
3889:
3888:and expansions
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3831:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3783:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3767:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3744:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3704:
3703:
3696:
3694:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3681:Beta-lactamase
3678:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3572:
3570:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3543:Protein kinase
3540:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3521:
3520:
3513:
3512:
3507:
3500:
3499:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3479:
3477:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3441:
3440:
3433:
3432:
3425:
3424:
3417:
3416:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3396:
3394:
3391:Oxidoreductase
3384:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3332:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3309:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3161:
3144:
3127:
3120:chlorpromazine
3108:metoclopramide
3090:
3086:
3055:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2994:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2881:
2879:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2806:
2786:
2775:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2741:Paroxypropione
2738:
2737:
2736:
2726:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2709:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2682:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2562:Estrone esters
2559:
2554:
2549:
2538:Estriol esters
2535:
2530:
2525:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2423:norethisterone
2415:
2384:
2375:
2373:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2340:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2291:
2290:External links
2288:
2286:
2285:
2256:(6): 646β682.
2236:
2217:(3): 424β443.
2201:
2182:(3): 387β393.
2166:
2131:Int. J. Cancer
2117:
2074:
2031:
1990:
1949:
1928:(3): 1174β80.
1908:
1887:(5): 1307β18.
1881:Fertil. Steril
1867:
1840:
1814:
1771:
1728:
1706:
1657:
1606:
1577:(9): 1813β26.
1557:
1522:
1473:
1426:
1391:J. Clin. Oncol
1381:
1354:(9453): 60β2.
1334:
1307:(9453): 60β2.
1290:
1276:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1202:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1097:
1094:
1066:table mushroom
1061:
1058:
1054:white mushroom
1021:
1018:
1006:
1005:
999:
991:
988:
987:
986:
980:
974:
968:
962:
956:
948:
945:
944:
943:
937:
929:
926:
920:) 1 mg tablets
909:
906:
899:
898:
884:
872:
869:
866:
865:
864:See template.
821:postmenopausal
813:
812:
809:
806:
801:
790:
784:
783:
780:
777:
772:
761:
755:
754:
751:
748:
745:
739:
734:
730:
729:
726:
723:
718:
707:
701:
700:
693:
676:
675:
672:
669:
662:
646:
641:
637:
636:
635:4,500 nM
633:
630:
627:
621:
615:
614:
611:
608:
601:
585:
579:
578:
575:
568:
567:
564:
561:
558:
552:
547:
543:
542:
538:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
514:
513:
506:
499:
491:
424:
421:
413:kidney failure
371:
368:
343:
340:
335:
332:
266:pituitary axis
257:adipose tissue
253:postmenopausal
240:
237:
235:
232:
190:postmenopausal
169:
168:
162:
161:
157:
156:
147:
145:Chemical class
141:
140:
135:
129:
128:
123:
117:
116:
86:
82:
81:
78:
72:
71:
67:
66:
52:
44:
43:
35:
34:
27:Class of drugs
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4186:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4127:Sex selection
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4030:Sex selection
4028:
4026:
4023:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3964:Other methods
3962:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3862:Gonadotropins
3860:
3858:
3857:GnRH agonists
3855:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3765:
3760:
3758:
3753:
3751:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3718:Miscellaneous
3716:
3710:
3706:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3688:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3656:Enkephalinase
3654:
3653:
3652:
3649:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3634:Endopeptidase
3632:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3600:Neuraminidase
3598:
3596:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3330:
3325:
3323:
3318:
3316:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2874:
2865:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2842:Antiestrogens
2839:
2825:
2816:
2810:
2809:Gonadotropins
2807:
2804:
2800:
2799:(gonadorelin)
2793:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2779:Antiandrogens
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:Nonsteroidal:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2348:antiestrogens
2345:
2338:
2333:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2240:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2205:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2137:(6): 1404β8.
2136:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1953:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1871:
1855:
1851:
1844:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1787:(5): 279β83.
1786:
1782:
1775:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1716:
1710:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1661:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1477:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1430:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1385:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1286:
1280:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1227:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1198:
1191:
1189:Brassicaceae
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1154:White onions
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1122:Ohio buckeye
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1103:Species Name
1102:
1101:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1050:enzyme assays
1047:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1026:Angela Brodie
1017:
1015:
1011:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
993:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
950:
941:
938:
935:
932:
931:
928:Non-selective
925:
919:
914:
904:
896:
892:
888:
885:
882:
878:
877:
876:
863:
859:
856:
855:breast cancer
852:
849:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
807:
802:
791:
789:
786:
785:
781:
778:
773:
762:
760:
757:
756:
752:
749:
746:
740:
738:
735:
731:
727:
724:
719:
708:
706:
703:
702:
694:
678:
677:
663:
647:
645:
638:
634:
631:
628:
622:
620:
617:
616:
612:
609:
602:
586:
584:
581:
580:
576:
570:
569:
559:
553:
551:
544:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
519:
512:
507:
505:
500:
498:
493:
492:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
467:(outside the
466:
462:
458:
457:premenopausal
454:
449:
445:
441:
429:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
367:
365:
362:but not with
361:
357:
353:
349:
339:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
258:
254:
250:
246:
245:premenopausal
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
186:breast cancer
183:
179:
175:
167:
163:
158:
155:
151:
148:
146:
142:
139:
136:
134:
130:
127:
124:
122:
118:
114:
113:short stature
110:
109:endometriosis
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
89:Breast cancer
87:
83:
79:
77:
73:
68:
63:
62:breast cancer
59:
55:
50:
45:
42:
41:
36:
31:
19:
4061:Egg donation
3839:
3650:
3617:Exopeptidase
3587:Ribonuclease
3553:Janus kinase
3445:
3438:Lipoxygenase
3414:5Ξ±-Reductase
3336:Pharmacology
3219:
3204:
3164:Progestogens
3067:testosterone
3027:
3012:
3006:Testolactone
2997:
2989:
2976:
2961:
2935:Ormeloxifene
2930:Mepitiostane
2925:Lasofoxifene
2920:Epitiostanol
2900:Broparestrol
2895:Bazedoxifene
2783:bicalutamide
2649:
2638:Quinestradol
2633:Promestriene
2427:noretynodrel
2408:metandienone
2396:testosterone
2378:
2253:
2249:
2239:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2047:(5): 510β3.
2044:
2040:
2034:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1925:
1921:
1911:
1884:
1880:
1870:
1858:. Retrieved
1854:the original
1843:
1831:. Retrieved
1827:the original
1817:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1719:. Retrieved
1709:
1674:
1670:
1660:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1574:
1570:
1560:
1538:(2): 79β90.
1535:
1531:
1525:
1490:
1487:N Engl J Med
1486:
1476:
1443:
1439:
1429:
1397:(6): 840β2.
1394:
1390:
1384:
1351:
1347:
1337:
1304:
1300:
1293:
1279:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1197:
1186:Cauliflower
1181:
1165:
1149:
1141:Agaricaceae
1133:
1117:
1106:Common Name
1079:
1063:
1038:
1023:
1007:
940:Testolactone
923:
874:
861:
837:Nonsteroidal
835:). Type II:
829:irreversible
816:
811:2.5 nM
550:Testolactone
530:% inhibition
437:
376:osteoporosis
373:
370:Side effects
360:gonadotropin
345:
337:
334:Gynecomastia
304:
300:
296:
292:
282:
270:gonadotropin
268:to increase
262:hypothalamus
242:
234:Medical uses
210:
194:gynecomastia
177:
173:
172:
160:Legal status
154:Nonsteroidal
105:gynecomastia
38:
3867:menotropins
3779:Infertility
3666:Oxytocinase
3474:Transferase
3253:from market
3150:antagonists
3137:leuprorelin
3116:haloperidol
3112:risperidone
3104:domperidone
3096:antagonists
3079:oxandrolone
3031:Anastrozole
2970:Fulvestrant
2965:Elacestrant
2915:Enclomifene
2858:antagonists
2803:leuprorelin
2746:Quadrosilan
2522:Climacteron
2441:Clomestrone
2382:Alfatradiol
1170:Red ginger
1086:pinocembrin
953:Anastrozole
918:anastrozole
891:anastrozole
858:homogenates
782:10 nM
759:Anastrozole
753:15 nM
674:30 nM
583:Rogletimide
405:infertility
316:anastrozole
303:lone or in
202:exogenously
166:In Wikidata
93:infertility
54:Anastrozole
4158:Categories
4081:Sperm bank
3213:Gestrinone
3154:cetrorelix
3036:Exemestane
3021:Formestane
2980:Trilostane
2955:Toremifene
2945:Raloxifene
2940:Ospemifene
2910:Cyclofenil
2885:Acolbifene
2668:Dienestrol
2658:Bifluranol
2653:Benzestrol
2643:Quinestrol
2611:Nilestriol
2466:Epimestrol
2461:Epiestriol
2419:progestins
2379:Steroidal:
2308:AI therapy
2004:Cancer Res
1860:23 January
1833:22 January
1440:Pediatrics
1223:References
1157:Liliaceae
1150:Allium sp.
1034:Formestane
979:(Lentaron)
977:Formestane
967:(Aromasin)
965:Exemestane
955:(Arimidex)
916:Arimidex (
901:See also:
881:exemestane
841:reversible
817:Footnotes:
774:96.7β97.3%
737:Exemestane
644:Formestane
524:Medication
521:Generation
388:joint pain
364:clomiphene
299:amoxifen,
40:Drug class
4035:Surrogacy
3845:clomifene
3567:Hydrolase
3531:Integrase
3446:Aromatase
3383:Substrate
3263:Phase III
3251:Withdrawn
3141:goserelin
3124:sulpiride
3100:prolactin
3059:Androgens
3041:Letrozole
3016:Fadrozole
2950:Tamoxifen
2905:Clomifene
2712:Hexestrol
2606:Moxestrol
2596:Mestranol
2481:Estradiol
2388:androgens
2356:Estrogens
2344:Estrogens
1721:August 9,
1693:0923-7534
1652:195689537
1636:0012-6667
1399:CiteSeerX
1271:211475185
1075:green tea
1070:aromatase
1068:has anti-
1046:mushrooms
1004:("6-OXO")
983:Fadrozole
959:Letrozole
947:Selective
895:letrozole
853:). = In
825:Steroidal
788:Letrozole
705:Fadrozole
448:estrogens
444:androgens
440:aromatase
417:hair loss
384:arthrosis
380:arthritis
348:letrozole
309:localized
295:rimidex,
285:Tamoxifen
278:substrate
212:Aromatase
198:off-label
150:Steroidal
138:Aromatase
4086:Ova bank
4044:Donation
3613:Protease
3275:See also
3158:elagolix
3133:agonists
3093:receptor
2890:Anordrin
2792:agonists
2476:Estetrol
2435:tibolone
2417:Certain
2386:Certain
2372:agonists
2280:18690828
2231:24468305
2196:18948180
2161:22781113
2153:19048616
2112:28593509
2069:41008940
2061:16649968
2026:17178902
1985:11739882
1944:15001605
1903:16647373
1801:12402060
1766:11210435
1758:14623515
1701:23696617
1644:15161328
1601:25842353
1593:19235248
1552:27784593
1517:26398071
1468:39852740
1460:18381525
1421:19139426
1368:15639680
1321:15639680
1263:32091951
1201:See also
1090:acacetin
1060:Research
1016:leaves.
971:Vorozole
961:(Femara)
942:(Teslac)
862:Sources:
477:systemic
274:androgen
220:estrogen
121:ATC code
115:, others
76:Synonyms
4136:Related
3986:embryos
3639:Trypsin
3208:Danazol
3166:(e.g.,
3152:(e.g.,
3135:(e.g.,
3065:(e.g.,
2860:(incl.
2811:(e.g.,
2794:(e.g.,
2781:(e.g.,
2761:Zeranol
2557:Estrone
2540:(e.g.,
2533:Estriol
2488:(e.g.,
2421:(e.g.,
2394:(e.g.,
2271:3074486
2104:9365179
1963:J. Nutr
1809:2862849
1508:4739644
1376:8350282
1329:8350282
1144:Fungus
1109:Family
1082:damiana
1052:, with
1028:at the
1020:History
1014:damiana
990:Unknown
985:(Afema)
908:Members
808:Type II
779:Type II
725:Type II
632:Type II
610:Type II
465:tissues
453:ovaries
400:statins
249:ovaries
214:is the
4095:Ethics
4066:Embryo
3991:oocyte
3787:Female
3693:(EC 4)
3569:(EC 3)
3476:(EC 2)
3436:1.13
3393:(EC 1)
3246:WHO-EM
3198:Others
2278:
2268:
2229:
2194:
2159:
2151:
2110:
2102:
2067:
2059:
2024:
1983:
1942:
1901:
1807:
1799:
1764:
1756:
1699:
1691:
1650:
1642:
1634:
1599:
1591:
1571:Cancer
1550:
1515:
1505:
1466:
1458:
1419:
1401:
1374:
1366:
1348:Lancet
1344:Baum M
1327:
1319:
1301:Lancet
1269:
1261:
1192:Plant
1176:Plant
1160:Plant
1128:Plant
851:moiety
750:Type I
699:92.5%
671:Type I
640:Second
563:Type I
527:Dosage
386:, and
239:Cancer
216:enzyme
4071:Sperm
4001:semen
3886:(IVF)
3691:Lyase
3651:Mixed
3644:Renin
3622:DPP-4
3457:1.17
3451:COX-2
3444:1.14
3347:Class
2872:SERDs
2863:SERMs
2157:S2CID
2108:S2CID
2065:S2CID
1805:S2CID
1762:S2CID
1648:S2CID
1616:Drugs
1597:S2CID
1464:S2CID
1372:S2CID
1325:S2CID
1267:S2CID
1112:Type
998:(ATD)
871:Types
819:= In
803:98.4%
776:98.1%
747:97.9%
733:Third
722:92.6%
720:82.4%
697:91.9%
695:84.8%
668:57.3%
666:70.0%
664:72.3%
629:90.6%
607:73.8%
605:63.5%
603:50.6%
546:First
533:Class
473:brain
446:into
398:. As
251:, in
224:enone
182:drugs
126:L02BG
3797:LGBT
3792:Male
3707:4.2
3699:4.1
3674:3.5
3611:3.4
3593:3.2
3575:3.1
3524:2.7
3516:2.6
3503:2.5
3497:PARP
3495:2.4
3484:COMT
3482:2.1
3428:1.5
3420:1.4
3412:1.3
3399:1.1
3148:GnRH
3131:GnRH
2797:GnRH
2790:GnRH
2346:and
2276:PMID
2227:PMID
2192:PMID
2149:PMID
2100:PMID
2057:PMID
2022:PMID
1981:PMID
1940:PMID
1899:PMID
1862:2016
1835:2016
1797:PMID
1754:PMID
1723:2012
1697:PMID
1689:ISSN
1640:PMID
1632:ISSN
1589:PMID
1548:PMID
1513:PMID
1456:PMID
1417:PMID
1364:PMID
1317:PMID
1259:PMID
1088:and
848:heme
799:p.o.
794:p.o.
770:p.o.
765:p.o.
743:p.o.
716:p.o.
711:p.o.
691:i.m.
686:i.m.
681:i.m.
660:p.o.
655:p.o.
650:p.o.
625:p.o.
599:p.o.
594:p.o.
589:p.o.
573:i.m.
556:p.o.
289:SERM
264:and
260:the
56:, a
3874:hCG
3852:FSH
3627:ACE
2814:FSH
2266:PMC
2258:doi
2219:doi
2215:152
2184:doi
2180:120
2139:doi
2135:124
2092:doi
2049:doi
2012:doi
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