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537:. Both males and females had horns. While some investigators have described a larger and a smaller species from the same site, others have identified the difference in body and tooth size as sexual dimorphism. The skeleton is robust and the limbs were columnar, similar to those of elephants; the hips were also elephant-like, and arsinotheres were not built to run.
513:
is commonly thought to be an extinct rhinoceros species, but it is not closely related to rhinos; instead, their closest extant relatives are elephants and manatees. They were massive, slow-moving animals with forelimbs adapted for pulling strongly backwards rather than swinging forward, a feature
541:
had a full complement of 44 teeth, which is the primitive state of placental mammalian dentition. However, the genus had a unique and highly specialized way of chewing, shifting the jaw joint to produce constant pressure along its continuous row of teeth; it has been reconstructed as a highly
514:
typical of animals that punt themselves through shallow water or walk on soft, sticky ground. Fossils are found in sediments deposited in coastal swamps and warm, humid, heavily vegetated lowland forests across what is now Africa and Arabia.
1024:
670:
Sanders, W.J., Kappelman, J., and
Rasmussen, D.T. 2004. New large−bodied mammals from the late Oligocene site of Chilga, Ethiopia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49 (3): 365–392.
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stood around 1.75 m (5.7 ft) tall at the shoulders and 3 m (9.8 ft) in length. It weighed 2.5 tons, only slightly smaller than the modern
632:
580:
521:
were a pair of enormous horns above the nose and a second pair of tiny knob-like horns over the eyes. These were structurally similar to the horns of modern
908:"A unique form of dental bilophodonty and a functional interpretation of peculiarities in the masticatory system of Arsinoitherium (mammalia, Embrithopoda)"
647:
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Sanders, W. J., Kappelman, J., & Rasmussen, D. T. (2004). "New large-bodied mammals from the late
Oligocene site of Chilga, Ethiopia".
1957:
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Andrews, C. W. (1906). A descriptive catalogue of the
Tertiary Vertebrata of the Fayum. Publ. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. Land. XXXVII.
683:
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1952:
1972:
1962:
2012:
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Anonymous. (1903). A New
Egyptian Mammal (Arsinoitherium) from the Fayûm. (1903). Geological Magazine, 10(12), 529-532.
1967:
2022:
1076:
2007:
760:: catálogo de la colección inédita del Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de París y el problema del número de especies"
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779:"The first described Arsinoitherium from the upper Eocene Aydim Formation of Oman: Biogeographic implications"
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1987:
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2002:
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fossils were recovered, arsinoitheriids have been found in southeastern Europe, including
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Al-Sayigh, Abdul Razak; Nasir, Sobhi; Schulp, Anne S.; Stevens, Nancy J. (2008-03-01).
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A descriptive catalogue of the
Tertiary Vertebrata of the Fayûm. British Museum, London
134:
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Evolving Eden: An
Illustrated Guide to the Evolution of the African Large-Mammal Fauna
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Description of
Arsinoitherium zitteli from upper Eocene strata in Egypt
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New fossils from
Ethiopia open a window on Africa's 'missing years'
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While reconstructions usually show them as similar to the
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in 2003. The fossil teeth, far larger than those of
717:
Public Works
Ministry, National Printing Department
753:
713:, Beadnell, from the Upper Eocene strata of Egypt"
497:Cranio−dental remains of Arsinoitherium giganteum.
1141:
1939:
1037:New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science
368:The best-known (and first-described) species is
1023:Vincent L. Morgan and Spencer G. Lucas (2002).
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392:is the only site where complete skeletons of
344:from 36 to 30 million years ago, in areas of
891:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
858:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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509:and due to the similar features and sizes,
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1012:BBC Science & Nature: Prehistoric Life
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754:Mondéjar-Fernández; et al. (2008).
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834:Turner, Anton, Alan, Mauricio (2007).
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1025:"Notes From Diary––Fayum Trip, 1907"
324:. Arsinoitheres were superficially
13:
1958:Priabonian genus first appearances
743:. Taylor and Francis. p. 324.
14:
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766:(in Spanish). SEPAZ (8): 292–304.
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517:The most noticeable features of
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352:. A species described in 2004,
906:Court, Nicholas (1992-02-01).
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128:Natural History Museum, London
1:
2028:Fossil taxa described in 1902
875:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
838:. Columbia University Press.
657:
465:Karl Alfred Ritter von Zittel
1953:Prehistoric placental genera
1010:Arsinoitherium fact file on
795:10.1016/j.palwor.2007.07.005
360:about 27 million years ago.
7:
1973:Oligocene mammals of Africa
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332:that lived during the Late
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1963:Rupelian genus extinctions
997:Prehistoric mammals portal
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2013:Oligocene mammals of Asia
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707:Beadnell, H.G.C. (1902).
305:belonging to the extinct
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135:Scientific classification
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1968:Eocene mammals of Africa
554:Skull cast from the side
376:, was discovered in the
16:Extinct genus of mammals
2023:Fossils of Saudi Arabia
709:"A preliminary note on
615:Jebel Qatrani Formation
298:is an extinct genus of
2008:Eocene mammals of Asia
737:Andrews, C.W. (1906).
711:Arsinoitherium zitteli
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501:Adults of the species
498:
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242:Arsinoitherium zitteli
1920:Paleobiology Database
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348:and at the margin of
764:Palaeontologica Nova
562:have been found in:
1988:Fossils of Ethiopia
983:Paleontology portal
924:1992HBio....6...91C
633:Erageleit Formation
581:Idam Unit Formation
542:selective browser.
372:. Another species,
346:tropical rainforest
312:. It is related to
2003:Fossils of Tunisia
1144:Paenungulatomorpha
1093:Paenungulatomorpha
912:Historical Biology
688:apps.lib.umich.edu
648:Shumaysi Formation
556:
499:
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402:from Romania, and
1978:Fossils of Angola
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1907:Open Tree of Life
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1421:Hengduanshanhyrax
438:Ptolemaic Kingdom
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1998:Fossils of Libya
1993:Fossils of Kenya
1983:Fossils of Egypt
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1039:. Archived from
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624:Chilga formation
480:Life restoration
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29:Temporal range:
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2018:Fossils of Oman
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1686:Palaeoamasiidae
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918:(2): 91–111.
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684:"Geographica"
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451:"beast". The
450:
443:
442:Ancient Greek
439:
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420:
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414:from Turkey.
413:
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1948:Embrithopods
1828:
1709:Palaeoamasia
1707:
1700:
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1673:
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1666:
1646:
1635:Embrithopoda
1615:
1608:
1601:
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1569:Neoparadoxia
1567:
1560:
1553:
1505:
1498:
1493:Gigantohyrax
1491:
1481:
1461:
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1428:Kvabebihyrax
1426:
1419:
1396:
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1352:
1345:
1338:
1331:
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1298:
1288:
1280:Saghatherium
1278:
1268:
1258:
1248:
1238:
1228:
1218:
1210:Dimaitherium
1208:
1179:
1171:Hadrogeneios
1169:
1159:
1127:Superorder:
1121:Infraclass:
1052:. Retrieved
1041:the original
1028:
1011:
953:
948:
915:
911:
901:
887:cite journal
878:
874:
868:
835:
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820:
811:
789:(1): 41–46.
786:
782:
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749:
739:
716:
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702:
691:. Retrieved
687:
678:
666:
652:Saudi Arabia
559:
557:
546:Distribution
538:
518:
516:
510:
502:
500:
483:
460:
457:type species
448:
434:Faiyum Oasis
422:
416:
411:Palaeoamasia
409:
403:
397:
393:
390:Faiyum Oasis
385:
374:A. giganteum
373:
369:
367:
354:A. giganteum
353:
342:North Africa
310:Embrithopoda
300:paenungulate
294:
293:
292:
281:
277:A. giganteum
276:
268:
260:
241:
240:
234:Type species
221:
220:
195:Embrithopoda
123:
24:
18:
1853:Wikispecies
1735:Proboscidea
1724:Proboscidea
1675:Namatherium
1648:Stylolophus
1603:Desmostylus
1596:Cornwallius
1536:Desmostylia
1523:Tethytheria
1500:Heterohyrax
1483:Dendrohyrax
1474:Procaviidae
1398:Titanohyrax
1384:Antilohyrax
1333:Brachyhyrax
1324:Geniohyidae
1300:Selenohyrax
1260:Regubahyrax
1230:Megalohyrax
1123:Placentalia
1033:Albuquerque
1029:Bulletin 22
959:Fossilworks
783:Palaeoworld
756:"El género
558:Fossils of
507:white rhino
471:Description
440:), and the
425:comes from
356:, lived in
269:A. andrewsi
41:36–27
31:Late Eocene
1942:Categories
1702:Hypsamasia
1589:Behemotops
1435:Meroehyrax
1354:Pachyhyrax
1310:Thyrohyrax
1290:Seggeurius
1270:Rukwalorax
1240:Microhyrax
1193:Hyracoidea
1161:Abdounodus
1129:Afrotheria
1054:2017-09-08
693:2024-03-17
658:References
503:A. zitteli
484:A. zitteli
461:A. zitteli
430:Arsinoe II
405:Hypsamasia
386:A. zitteli
370:A. zitteli
330:herbivores
326:rhinoceros
261:A. zitteli
124:A. zitteli
1768:includes
1741:elephants
1739:includes
1449:Pliohyrax
1377:Afrohyrax
1347:Geniohyus
1340:Bunohyrax
1250:Namahyrax
1220:Helioseus
1103:Kingdom:
940:0891-2963
854:cite book
803:1871-174X
719:. Cairo:
600:Oligocene
527:ossicones
378:Ethiopian
338:Oligocene
318:sirenians
314:elephants
158:Kingdom:
152:Eukaryota
1838:Wikidata
1774:manatees
1507:Procavia
1463:Prohyrax
1117:Mammalia
1111:Chordata
1109:Phylum:
1105:Animalia
628:Ethiopia
531:giraffes
364:Taxonomy
358:Ethiopia
280:Sanders
253:Species
201:Family:
182:Mammalia
172:Chordata
168:Phylum:
162:Animalia
148:Domain:
1912:3615263
1899:1008222
1886:4825873
1873:4526570
1844:Q131720
1770:dugongs
1764:Sirenia
1753:Sirenia
1555:Ashoroa
1181:Ocepeia
1115:Class:
920:Bibcode
606:Malembe
594:Tunisia
535:keratin
523:bovids.
455:of the
449:theríon
427:Pharaoh
419:generic
322:hyraxes
303:mammals
214:Genus:
188:Order:
178:Class:
938:
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801:
644:, Oman
610:Angola
566:Eocene
446:θηρίον
382:Chilga
334:Eocene
328:-like
320:, and
284:, 2004
282:et al.
126:cast,
1925:86175
1894:IRMNG
637:Kenya
619:Egypt
585:Libya
421:name
307:order
1881:GBIF
1772:and
1762:see
1733:see
961:.org
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893:link
881:(3).
860:link
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