51:
59:
83:
27:
186:
231:
because there is a limited pool of potential buyers, and with artworks not reaching their reserve prices and not being sold, this has an effect on the auction prices. In a divorce action between a couple who sought to divide a $ 102 million collection between them, the couple decided a sale would prove problematic because selling the entire collection and dividing the profit would saturate the market and drive down prices; in reporting on the case,
35:
43:
2233:
1103:
67:
75:
238:
diversification. The newspaper attempted to calculate the value of the many artworks at issue in the case by determining a per-square-inch price based on each piece's value divided by its dimension, to end up with a per-square-inch price to apply to the amount of wall space the businesslike litigant wanted to cover with the available art.
336:
funds for a different purchase. Common motivations include the so-called three D's: death, debt and divorce. Buyers may be motivated by market excitement, may be acting in accord with a collection plan, or buying like buyers of stock: to drive value up or down either for themselves or for another person.
259:
Trends for values from the world's top auction houses are compared for study of market direction and how that direction affects given artists and works. Valuations for art sold at the market's top houses usually carry more weight than valuations from less established houses, as most of the top houses
230:
Liquidity in the art market means having artworks in very high demand and being able to sell those works without impediment. Art sales slow in downturns resulting in the market becoming more illiquid. There is a greater degree of liquidity risk facing the art investor than with other financial assets
205:
or vocabulary, for example, "bought-in", describing the disadvantageous situation occurring when a work or lot at auction is returned to its owner having been passed over, withdrawn or otherwise unsold. Valuing art is also necessary when a piece is to be used as collateral. The art-lending market has
335:
One potential factor in valuation are the seller's reasons for selling a particular work and/or the buyer's reasons for buying, neither of which may have anything to do with the other. For example, a seller may be motivated by financial need, boredom with a particular artwork, or the desire to raise
157:
has long been debated between artists who create and patrons who enable, but the charismatic power of artworks on those who would possess them is historically the initial driver of value. In the 1960s that charismatic power started edging over to accommodate commercialized culture and a new industry
1190:
Williford v. Commissioner, 64 T.C.M. (CCH) 422 (1992) fn. 13. The eight 'Williford factors' are: (1) frequency and regularity of sales; (2) the substantiality of sales; (3) the duration the property was held; (4) the nature of the taxpayer's business and the extent to which the taxpayer segregated
173:
For collectors, the emotional connection felt toward a work or collection creates subjective personal value. The weight assigned by such a collector to that subjective measure as a portion of a work's overall financial value may be greater than that by an art speculator not sharing the collector's
284:
One of many factors in the primary market's price of a living artist's work is a dealer's contract with an artist: many dealers, as stakeholders in their artists' success, agree to buy their own stable of artists' work at auction in order to prevent price drops, to maintain price stability, or to
1191:
the collection from his or her business inventory; (5) the purpose for acquiring and holding the property before sale; (6) the extent of the taxpayer's sales efforts by advertising or otherwise; (7) the time and effort the taxpayer dedicated to the sales; and (8) how the sales proceeds were used.
237:
described the case as a study on how people measure the value of art, and which counts for more — pragmatism or sentiment. The newspaper reported that one of the two litigants had a more sentimental view of the value of the works, while the other had a more businesslike view, wanting balance and
327:
Valuation estimates by auction houses are typically given in ranges of prices to offset uncertainty. Generally, estimates are made by looking at what a comparable piece of art sold for recently, with estimates given in a range of prices rather than one fixed figure, and in the case of
218:" are used to determine what level of demand similar items have in a current market. The freshness of the comparables is important because the art market is fluid and stale comparables will yield estimates that may have little relation to a work's current value. Subject matter and the
313:
utilizing art auction data as providers of art market research analysis. Information available from internet-based art sale history databases generally does not include the condition of a work, a very important factor, therefore the prices quoted in those databases reflect auction
206:
expanded to an estimated $ 15 billion to $ 19 billion of loans outstanding in the USA. The shift in Asia towards investment in western art is a factor that has allowed art lending companies to launch offices in Asia as western works are often easier to use as collateral.
339:
One method for pricing pieces by new artists of uncertain value is to ignore aesthetics and consider, besides market trends, three semi-commoditized aspects: "scale" - size and level of detail, "intensity" - effort, and "medium" - quality of the materials.
267:
can have a great impact on the valuation of certain types of work. In recent decades the values of historic
Russian and Chinese art have greatly benefited from increased wealth in those countries creating new and very rich collectors, as the values of
250:
was valued at $ 26,666.67 per square inch, that the sentimental litigant received $ 3,082 of appraised value per square inch while the businesslike litigant received $ 1,942 per square inch, but could cover more wall space.
318:
without other, crucial valuation factors. Additionally, the databases of auctioned work do not cover private sales of works, and thus their use for art valuation is but one source among many needed for determining value.
121:(gallery owners), experienced consultants, and specialized market analysts to arrive at a value. Art valuation is accomplished not only for collection, investment, divestment, and financing purposes, but as part of
285:
increase perceived value, or all three, thus dealers bidding on their own artists at auction have a direct impact on the selling price for those artists' works and as a result, the valuation of those works.
174:
emotional investment, however, non-economic value measures such as "Do I like it?" or "Does it speak to me?" still have economic effect because such measures can be deciding factors in a purchase.
937:
982:
1098:
50:
177:
In contrast, the Art
Dealers Association of America (ADAA) suggests that the key issues are authenticity, quality, rarity, condition, provenance and value.
504:
Coslor, Erica (April 2016). "Transparency in an opaque market: Evaluative frictions between "thick" valuation and "thin" price data in the art market".
201:
of works, and with valuation trends such as average sale price and mean estimates. As with other markets, the art market uses its own industry-specific
872:
1322:
Spencer, Ronald D., The Expert Versus the Object: Judging Fakes and False
Attributions in the Visual Arts, (New York, Oxford University Press, 2004).
1061:
166:'s idea of business art, a recognition that art has become a business and making money in business is an art. One of many artists to follow Warhol is
2187:
1966:
332:
especially, having few comparables or when an artist is not well known and has no auction history, the risks of incorrect valuation are greatest.
109:
concern, however, subjective views of cultural value play a part as well. Art valuation involves comparing data from multiple sources such as art
1916:
1716:
343:
Valuing artworks in such a specialized market, therefore, takes into account a wide variety of factors, some indeed in conflict with each other.
309:
such as yearly lot transactions, bought-in statistics, sales volume, price levels, and pre-auction estimates. There are also companies such as
434:(in the absence of fraud or negligent misrepresentation, buyers believing they have overpaid at auction because of bad advice bear a heavy
809:
1971:
1286:
790:
632:
409:
1679:
1086:
1045:
943:
1 & 2. Bonhams, and
Bonhams & Butterfields (London, New York, Los Angeles, Sydney, Hong Kong, Dubai, and San Francisco)
1229:
667:
618:
1993:
2115:
1431:
1298:
An
Exploration of the Relationships of Physical Features of Art Works to Art Valuations and Selling Prices in Fundraising
1032:
2125:
2015:
1374:
1370:
1015:
613:
Balfe, Judith, Ed., Paying the piper: causes and consequences of art patronage, Univ. of
Illinois Press, 1993, p.307.
141:, at the top end of the international market, but similar principles apply to the valuation of less expensive art and
2183:
1949:
1395:
1327:
1250:
1141:
826:
552:
444:(the 'Williford Factors' test: eight factors to determine whether property is held for investment or held for sale).
2179:
2150:
2093:
1219:
1215:
424:(previous sales of the same property without subsequent events affecting value are generally strong indicators of
1127:, 155 F.3d 558, (4th Cir. 1998), affg. in part & rev. in part (via vlex.com). Both accessed 17 November 2015.
1362:
1339:
1240:
920:
893:
2103:
1792:
869:
2120:
1954:
1756:
577:"The Art of Representation: How Audience-specific Reputations Affect Success in the Contemporary Art Field"
1385:
2110:
2088:
1909:
1361:
Art vs securities, a discussion: from the perspective of a well-known art educator and co-founder of the
58:
2223:
2135:
2020:
662:, in Robertson, Iain, Understanding international art markets and management, Routledge, 2005, p. 127.
476:
715:
1178:
1136:
Estate of
Querbach v. A & B Appraisal Serv., No.L-089362-85 Supr. Ct N.J., Bergen County, 1987,
1120:
646:
2174:
2167:
2145:
1768:
1170:
399:
844:
2098:
1959:
1616:
1424:
360:
82:
170:, a stockbroker turned artist who also borrowed imagery from popular culture and made millions.
26:
2130:
2073:
1897:
679:
Littlejohn, David, Who is Jeff Koons and Why Are People Saying Such
Terrible Things About Him?
485:
294:
219:
1268:
1253:. An early, 3-volume study of art market prices over a long period of time by a noted scholar.
306:
2157:
2078:
2063:
1824:
1711:
1674:
1064:, NPR, npr.org, 25 June 2010. Accessed 2010-07-27. Archived from the original at archive.org.
435:
385:
202:
1943:
921:
A Note on
Financial Risk, Return and Asset Pricing in Australian Modern and Contemporary Art
746:
2258:
2030:
1983:
1780:
1669:
1488:
1124:
806:
381:
130:
8:
2083:
2047:
2025:
1904:
1819:
1458:
787:
481:
243:
94:
2253:
2237:
2205:
1988:
1814:
1664:
1417:
958:
7. Sotheby's (London, Hong Kong, Geneva, Milan, Paris, ZĂĽrich, New York, Toronto, Doha)
302:
264:
1157:
Estate of Scull v. Commissioner, 67 T.C. Memo. 2953 (1994) (CCH) 1994-211 as cited by
2162:
2140:
2068:
1809:
1623:
1542:
1473:
1399:
1391:
1323:
1246:
905:
663:
660:
Managing
Uncertainty, The visual art market for contemporary art in the United States
614:
596:
576:
548:
466:
425:
233:
2042:
1844:
1839:
1829:
1628:
1498:
1351:
1312:
1276:
940:, About.com lists the top houses (as of April 2014, and this list is volatile) as:
901:
588:
521:
513:
329:
194:
138:
1316:
1226:
1074:
575:
Ertug, Gokhan; Yogev, Tamar; Lee, Yonghoon G.; Hedström, Peter (1 February 2016).
2200:
2010:
1978:
1872:
1849:
1564:
1233:
1107:
1102:
1019:
876:
813:
794:
355:
for tax purposes, and disputes relating to the valuation of art or the nature of
193:
Art valuation activity concerns itself with estimating market demand, estimating
1409:
894:
Financial Returns and Price Determinants in the Australian Art Market, 1973–2003
1864:
1854:
1751:
1633:
1468:
1269:
From Prints to Posters: The Production of Artistic Value in a Popular Art World
999:
356:
293:
Research data available from art auction houses such as Christie's, Sotheby's,
1369:
of how art has performed on a historical basis in comparison with securities.
1346:
Role of critics: Cameron, S., On the role of critics in the culture industry,
542:
517:
2247:
1892:
1882:
1804:
1643:
1638:
1537:
1280:
697:
600:
471:
375:
352:
774:
363:, and sometimes by other courts applying federal tax law to specific cases.
185:
2263:
1887:
1569:
1493:
1012:
630:
Jeffri, Joan, Philanthropy and the American artist: A historical overview,
315:
126:
122:
98:
1307:
Ackerman, Martin S., The Economics of Tax Policies Affecting Visual Art,
1142:
Show Me the Monet: the Suitability of Product Disparagement to Art Experts
1077:, Legal Information Institute, law.cornell.edu. Accessed 14 November 2015.
592:
2210:
1998:
1877:
1799:
1763:
1746:
1736:
1701:
1579:
1552:
1547:
1508:
1503:
1440:
1403:
1290:
692:
461:
273:
269:
215:
163:
102:
21:
1297:
526:
351:
In the United States, art bought and sold by collectors is treated as a
2037:
1932:
1787:
1775:
1741:
1696:
1686:
1589:
1584:
1355:
242:
ultimately concluded that using this formula as between the litigants,
198:
167:
118:
106:
17:
1148:, 13(4), Summer 2005, pp. 905–934 at 912–913 & fn. 66.
1706:
1596:
1513:
1444:
456:
310:
1257:
34:
1937:
1834:
1574:
1559:
1530:
1483:
1334:
949:
4. Dorotheum (Vienna, Brussels, DĂĽsseldorf, Munich, Milan and Rome)
946:
3. Christie's (London, Paris, Milan, New York, Hong Kong and Dubai)
733:
346:
154:
134:
114:
883:, seattletimes.nwsource.com, 28 July 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
42:
1691:
1601:
1478:
1463:
1366:
298:
159:
158:
of art, when aesthetic value fell from prominence to parity with
142:
110:
1350:, 19(4), 1995-12-01, pp. 321–331, Springer ISSN 0885-2545,
1659:
1611:
1606:
1525:
1390:, Art Sales Index Ltd., Weybridge, Surrey, England, July 1997.
2232:
1520:
395:
74:
66:
1378:
133:
purposes. This article deals with the valuation of works of
1236:, an early computerized valuation method no longer updated.
870:
The art of divorce: She gets the Monet, he gets the Renoir
276:
had earlier been boosted by oil wealth in the Arab world.
197:
capability of lots, works, and artists, the condition and
148:
1111:, T.C. Memo 1986-528, aff'd 861 F.2d 723 (7th Cir. 1988).
1049:
952:
5. Heritage Auctions (Dallas, Beverly Hills and New York)
955:
6. Phillips de Pury & Company (New York and London)
1227:
Dunbier System & ENCompass 22,000 Artist Directory
1203:
Blaug, Mark, Where Are We Now on Cultural Economics?,
693:
Inflatable investments, The volatile art of Jeff Koons
418:(appraiser's liability for misidentifying a painting),
2221:
845:"London-based art fund targets $ 1bn lending in Asia"
574:
222:
of a work also affect market demand, as does rarity.
1181:, Artinfo, 28 April 2009. Accessed 17 November 2015.
1052:, npr.org, 3 October 2012. Accessed 29 January 2013.
105:. As such, it is more of a financial rather than an
1046:
Wealthy Use Art Collections As Way To A Better Loan
736:, Erasmus Univ., Rotterdam, Maastricht Univ., 2007.
1439:
2245:
347:Valuation for tax and other law-related purposes
1917:Timeline of 20th century printmaking in America
1300:, Society of Business, Industry and Economics,
998:For an example see artnet.com's sample report:
975:
416:Estate of Querbach v. A & B Appraisal Serv.
412:from business unless actually in the business),
359:on its sale are usually decided by the federal
1275:, Spring 1987, Vol. 10, No. 1, Pages 111–128,
915:
913:
728:
726:
724:
125:valuations, for charitable contributions, for
1425:
992:
1173:, 126 Ariz. 44, 612 P.2d 500 (Ct.App.1980).
1089:, 86 F.3d 42 1996 affg. T.C. Memo. 1992-106.
816:, teachmefinance.com. Accessed 20 June 2012.
767:
322:
1087:Andrew Crispo Gallery, Inc. v. Commissioner
910:
721:
1432:
1418:
1171:Nataros v. Fine Arts Gallery of Scottsdale
1038:
1000:Market Performance Report for Piet Mondian
864:
862:
860:
858:
711:
709:
707:
432:Nataros v. Fine Arts Gallery of Scottsdale
1287:International Foundation for Art Research
1245:, Hacker Art Books 1982, (3 Volume Set).
1184:
1005:
989:, 2009-10-04, Retrieved 23 November 2011.
930:
780:
718:, artnet.com, retrieved 21 November 2011.
686:
673:
525:
1130:
1114:
1025:
540:
184:
81:
73:
65:
57:
49:
41:
33:
25:
1164:
855:
704:
633:The European Journal of Cultural Policy
366:
279:
149:Historic valuation and contemporary art
2246:
1092:
1080:
983:The reinvention of artist Damien Hirst
967:10. Villa Grisebach Auktionen (Berlin)
961:8. Stockholms Auktionsverk (Stockholm)
503:
422:Estate of Robert Scull v. Commissioner
384:of valuation as taxpayer has ultimate
260:have hundreds of years of experience.
1413:
1151:
1055:
886:
639:
624:
506:Accounting, Organizations and Society
497:
607:
408:(cannot claim gain from art sale as
113:, private and corporate collectors,
1062:Why A Dead Shark Costs $ 12 Million
254:
97:, is the process of estimating the
13:
2016:Index of painting-related articles
1309:Journal of Arts Management and Law
1197:
14:
2275:
1073:Capital asset defined: 26 U.S.C.
1011:For example, arttactic's monthly
786:Kendzulak, Susan, definition of "
541:Velthuis, Olav (19 August 2007).
2231:
1335:The Collateral Value of Fine Art
1101:
906:10.1111/j.1475-4932.2005.00237.x
288:
209:
153:The source of a work's artistic
1207:, 15(2), 2001, pp. 123–43.
1067:
892:Higgs, H. and Worthington, A.,
837:
827:"Art & Finance Report 2016"
819:
800:
739:
1340:Journal of Banking and Finance
938:Top 11 Fine Art Auction Houses
919:Worthington, AC and Higgs, H,
652:
568:
547:. Princeton University Press.
534:
180:
38:An art curator, Anne Pontégnie
1:
1348:Journal of Cultural Economics
1317:10.1080/07335113.1985.9942163
1311:, 15:3 1985, pp. 61–71.
1161:, T.C. Memo. 6506-86 (2003).
925:Journal of Cultural Economics
734:Art as a Financial Investment
581:Academy of Management Journal
491:
402:through inflated appraisals),
1955:Museum collection management
1878:Art history (academic study)
1757:alternative exhibition space
1387:The Great Art Boom 1970–1997
1264:, Vol. 117, 5 November 2007.
225:
93:, an art-specific subset of
7:
2116:Colossal sculptures in situ
1820:Artist-in-residence program
1205:Journal of Economic Surveys
1123:, T.C. Memo. 94-16958; and
964:9. Tajan (Paris and Monaco)
927:, 30(3), March 2006, 73-84.
833:. Deloitte & ArtTactic.
649:, ARTnet.com, 6 March 2007.
647:Art Values or Money Values?
450:
214:As in the housing market, "
30:An art auction at Christies
10:
2280:
2126:Contemporary art galleries
2021:Outline of the visual arts
970:11. Waddington's (Toronto)
636:, 3(2), 2009, pp. 207-233.
477:Arts Marketing Association
380:(need to produce credible
15:
2196:
2056:
1925:
1863:
1727:
1652:
1451:
1293:on valuation in the U.S..
518:10.1016/j.aos.2016.03.001
442:Williford v. Commissioner
323:General valuation factors
248:Dans les Oliviers Ă Capri
117:, art dealer activities,
2180:Most expensive paintings
1967:Conservation-restoration
1769:Contemporary art gallery
1363:Mei Moses Fine Art Index
1281:10.1525/si.1987.10.1.111
1258:Valuing Art in an Estate
1121:Drummond v. Commissioner
406:Drummond v. Commissioner
2188:works by living artists
1950:Classificatory disputes
1333:Thompson and McAndrew,
1296:Marshall & Chisti,
1159:Walford v. Commissioner
1146:George Mason Law Review
900:, 81:113–123, 2005-06.
1242:The Economics of Taste
1099:Angell v. Commissioner
486:sociology of valuation
392:Angell v. Commissioner
190:
129:, insurance, and loan
87:
79:
71:
63:
55:
47:
39:
31:
1825:Artist-run initiative
1712:Visual arts education
1365:, Michael Moses, two
593:10.5465/amj.2013.0621
398:perpetuated upon the
188:
85:
77:
69:
61:
53:
45:
37:
29:
2121:Contemporary artists
1984:Destination painting
1781:Single-artist museum
1670:Conservator-restorer
1291:overview of case law
1273:Symbolic Interaction
1239:Reitlinger, Gerald,
1212:Fine Art Comparables
879:, Local News |
875:31 July 2012 at the
683:, April 1993, p. 94.
386:burden of persuasion
382:documentary evidence
367:Important U.S. cases
280:Participant activity
2111:Art reference books
1905:History of painting
1489:Fine-art photograph
1384:Wood, Christopher,
1179:When Ishmael Called
1018:8 July 2009 at the
1013:Rawfacts newsletter
851:. 28 December 2017.
849:The Financial Times
747:"Collector's Guide"
701:, 28 November 2009.
305:are those tracking
303:Lyon & Turnbull
244:John Singer Sargent
95:financial valuation
86:An art studio visit
2206:Visual arts portal
2136:National galleries
1989:Eclecticism in art
1944:Catalogue raisonné
1815:Artist cooperative
1356:10.1007/BF01073994
1232:2021-05-18 at the
936:Kendzulak, Susan,
812:2012-05-04 at the
793:2016-03-04 at the
732:Campbell, R.A.J.,
191:
88:
80:
72:
64:
56:
48:
40:
32:
2219:
2218:
1810:Artist collective
1624:Site-specific art
1474:Cultural artifact
1304:2006, p. 81.
1110:
981:Thornton, Sarah,
881:The Seattle Times
775:Market Trends FAQ
773:See artnet.com's
668:978-0-415-33956-8
619:978-0-252-06310-7
467:Blockage discount
426:fair market value
234:The Seattle Times
70:An art exhibition
2271:
2236:
2235:
2227:
2175:Stolen paintings
2043:Sociology of art
1994:Economics of art
1845:Sculpture garden
1830:Artist-run space
1629:Social sculpture
1499:Installation art
1434:
1427:
1420:
1411:
1410:
1260:, Tax Analysts,
1192:
1188:
1182:
1168:
1162:
1155:
1149:
1134:
1128:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1044:Cornish, Audie,
1042:
1036:
1031:de Pury, Simon,
1029:
1023:
1009:
1003:
996:
990:
987:The Sunday Times
979:
973:
934:
928:
917:
908:
890:
884:
868:Armstrong, Ken,
866:
853:
852:
841:
835:
834:
823:
817:
804:
798:
784:
778:
771:
765:
764:
762:
760:
751:
743:
737:
730:
719:
716:How to Value Art
713:
702:
690:
684:
677:
671:
656:
650:
645:Kuspit, Donald,
643:
637:
628:
622:
611:
605:
604:
572:
566:
565:
563:
561:
538:
532:
531:
529:
501:
330:contemporary art
255:Valuation trends
139:contemporary art
46:An art collector
2279:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2230:
2222:
2220:
2215:
2201:Painting portal
2192:
2099:sculpture parks
2052:
2011:Elements of art
1979:Cultural policy
1921:
1873:Timeline of art
1859:
1850:Sculpture trail
1729:
1723:
1648:
1565:Performance art
1447:
1438:
1358:(subscription).
1283:(subscription).
1234:Wayback Machine
1200:
1198:Further reading
1195:
1189:
1185:
1169:
1165:
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54:An art opening
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62:An art dealer
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2094:most visited
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1570:Plastic arts
1494:Found object
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203:terms of art
192:
176:
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127:tax planning
103:works of art
99:market value
90:
89:
2259:Art auction
2238:Visual arts
2211:Arts portal
2084:Art museums
1999:art finance
1800:Arts centre
1764:Art gallery
1747:Art commune
1737:Art auction
1580:Printmaking
1509:Mixed media
1504:Kinetic art
1441:Visual arts
1343:, Jan 2006.
1302:Proceedings
1140:Orenstein,
759:3 September
462:Art finance
274:Islamic art
270:Orientalist
216:comparables
189:An art fair
181:Valuing art
164:Andy Warhol
22:Art auction
2248:Categories
2184:sculptures
2038:Provenance
1933:Art market
1840:Commission
1788:Art school
1776:Art museum
1742:Art colony
1730:and events
1590:street art
1585:Public art
492:References
263:Long term
199:provenance
168:Jeff Koons
131:collateral
119:gallerists
18:Art market
16:See also:
2254:Museology
2163:Sculptors
2069:Art media
2031:sculpture
1972:paintings
1893:Criticism
1675:paintings
1665:Collector
1597:Sculpture
1514:bricolage
1445:art world
1379:ArtTactic
1289:: IFAR's
1262:Tax Notes
1210:Dunbier,
807:Buying in
788:Bought-In
601:0001-4273
512:: 13–26.
482:Valuation
457:Appraiser
361:Tax Court
311:ArtTactic
240:The Times
226:Liquidity
195:liquidity
107:aesthetic
2141:Painters
2026:painting
1938:The arts
1898:feminist
1835:Biennale
1575:Portrait
1560:Painting
1531:graffiti
1484:Fine art
1443:and the
1404:37881234
1367:podcasts
1256:Gerzog,
1230:Archived
1175:See also
1016:Archived
873:Archived
831:Deloitte
810:Archived
791:Archived
451:See also
295:Phillips
155:charisma
143:antiques
135:fine art
115:curators
2146:by name
2089:largest
1926:Related
1910:outline
1692:Curator
1680:frescos
1617:tallest
1602:carving
1553:virtual
1548:digital
1543:history
1479:Drawing
1464:Collage
1452:Artwork
1033:FAQ #13
681:Artnews
299:Bonhams
160:Pop art
2224:Portal
2168:female
1793:Europe
1728:Places
1717:Europe
1707:Patron
1697:Dealer
1687:Critic
1660:Artist
1612:statue
1607:relief
1526:fresco
1402:
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1375:Part 2
1371:Part 1
1326:
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1220:Part 2
1216:Part 1
1125:appeal
1075:§ 1221
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560:9 June
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410:income
301:, and
220:medium
123:estate
2057:Lists
2048:Style
1702:Model
1653:Roles
1521:Mural
1377:, at
750:(PDF)
396:fraud
1400:OCLC
1392:ISBN
1373:and
1324:ISBN
1247:ISBN
1225:The
1218:and
761:2023
664:ISBN
615:ISBN
597:ISSN
562:2017
549:ISBN
357:gain
272:and
162:and
20:and
2264:Art
1352:doi
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1277:doi
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1050:NPR
902:doi
589:doi
522:hdl
514:doi
400:IRS
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