247:
125:, and statues of the gods generally possessed the privileges of protecting slaves, debtors, and criminals, who fled to them for refuge. The laws, however, do not appear to have recognised the right of all such sacred places to afford the protection which was claimed, but to have confined it to a certain number of temples, or altars, which were considered in a more especial manner to have the
701:
277:, between its two summits, in order to increase the population of the city was, according to the legend, a place of refuge for the inhabitants of other states, rather than a sanctuary for those who had violated the laws of the city. In the republican and early imperial times, a right of asylum, such as existed in the Greek states, does not appear to have been recognised by
397:, free from reprisal. Anyone, no matter their social status or crime, was free to enter, if they could reach the site before being overtaken by their pursuers. The resident priests would put to death anyone who pursued someone into the sanctuary. After being purified by a priest, the person was then free to leave, absolved of any crime.
653:
Dig. 48. tit. 19. s. 28. § 7. Comp. Osiander, De Asylis
Gentilium, in Gronov. Thesaur. vol. vi.; Simon, Sur les Asyles, in Mem. de PA cad. des Inscript. vol. iii.; Bringer, De Asylorum Origine, Uau9 et Abusu Lugd. Bat. 1828; C. Neu, De Asylis Gott. 1837; respecting the right of asylum in the churches
331:
Those slaves who took refuge at the statue of an emperor were considered to inflict disgrace on their master, as it was reasonably supposed that no slave would take such a step, unless he had received very bad usage from his master. If it could be proved that any individual had instigated the slave
210:
It would appear, however, that all sacred places were supposed to protect an individual to a certain extent, even if their right to do so was not recognised by the laws of the state, in which they were situated. In such cases, however, as the law gave no protection, it seems to have been considered
215:, except dragging them out by personal violence. Thus it was not uncommon to force a person from an altar or a statue of a god, by the application of fire. (Eurip. Androm. 256, with Schol.; Plant. Mostett. v. 1. 65.) Incidents of violation of asylum include the deaths of
144:, in the city, which was chiefly intended for the protection of the ill-treated slaves, who could take refuge in this place, and compel their masters to sell them to some other person (
113:
on the western side. There is also an instance of
Adonijah, after a failed coup, seeking refuge from the newly anointed Solomon by grasping the horns of a sacrificial altar.
292:, it was decreed that if a slave in a province fled to the temples of the gods or the statues of the emperors to avoid the ill-usage of his master, the
450:
and established new ones, although the one at
Honaunau was untouched. The kapu system itself was officially abolished in a taboo-breaking ceremony by
227:
has been viewed by the contemporaries as divine vengeance for the
Spartan ephors' murder of helots in violation of the asylum in the Tainaron temple.
238:
on land and sea), which was sometimes granted by one state to another, or even to single individuals (See Bb'ckh, Corp. Inscrip. i. p. 725.).
156:
347:
in the cities in Greece and Asia Minor became so numerous as to seriously impede the administration of justice. In consequence of this, the
152:
715:
299:
754:
558:
35:. These locations were largely religious in nature, such as temples and other religious sites. A similar concept, the
191:(Meier, Alt. Proc. p. 404). Among the most celebrated places of asylum in other parts of Greece, there are the
749:
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372:
710:
192:
62:
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451:
432:
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against such perpetrators was allowed by law. The Bible names six cities as being cities of refuge:
774:
262:
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could compel the master to sell the slave, and the slave was not regarded by the law as a runaway
734:
405:
385:
160:
682:
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lawful to use any means in order to compel the individuals who had taken refuge to leave the
683:"A Cultural History of Three Traditional Hawaiian Sites on the West Coast of Hawai'i Island"
769:
443:
246:
624:
Temphim esi
Apollinis Delium … eo jure sancto quo sunt templa quae asyla Graeci ap pellant
336:. The right of asylum seems to have been generally, but not entirely, confined to slaves.
8:
606:
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220:
94:
744:
485:
590:
586:
582:
490:
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255:
66:
52:
36:
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under the
Christian emperors, see Rein, Das Criminalrecht der Romer, p. 896.
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133:
58:
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declined, since there was no longer a need for their powers of absolution.
421:
348:
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of another to flee to the statue of an emperor, he was liable to an action
148:. Theseus, 36; Schol. ad Aristoph. Equit. 1309; Hesych. and Suidas, s.v.).
122:
98:
70:
24:
503:
281:. Livy seems to speak of the right of asylum as peculiar to the Greeks.
475:
559:"Bible Gateway passage: 1 Kings 1:50-53 - New American Standard Bible"
199:(Time. i. 128, 133; Corn. Nep. Pans. c. 4); the temple of Poseidon in
77:, though he would still have to stand trial. Outside of these cities,
356:
309:
278:
212:
176:
704: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
667:, Ann. iii. 60—63, iv. 14 and Ernesti's Ex cursus to Suet. Tib. 37.
340:
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270:
184:
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which possessed this privilege, of which the best known was the
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in Hawai'i and was used for the longest period of time. Here a
258:
251:
110:
102:
417:
204:
90:
82:
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imagining refugees seeking the asylum of
Romulus, from the
164:
234:
was also applied to the security from plunder and piracy (
435:(spiritual power) was believed to protect the area. Each
383:
was a sanctuary; a criminal who had violated the strict
316:(1. tit. 8. s. 2), with a slight alteration; the words
203:(Pint. Demosth. 29); and the temple of Athena Alea in
457:
and his court in 1819, after which the importance of
355:
to a few cities, but did not entirely abolish it, as
379:, which has been translated "place of refuge". A
726:
439:was similarly protected by a deified ancestor.
151:The other places in Athens which possessed the
261:in the elaborate architectural setting of the
351:, by the command of the emperor, limited the
269:The asylum (temple of the god Asylaeus) that
46:
33:people facing persecution could seek refuge
716:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
431:and was later believed to be a god. His
245:
69:in which the perpetrators of accidental
121:In ancient Greece the temples, altars,
727:
677:
675:
673:
343:, the number of places possessing the
328:was in his time extended to churches.
273:is said to have opened at Rome on the
709:
442:After unifying the islands in 1810,
670:
13:
496:
366:
129:(Servius ad Virg. Aen. ii. 761.).
57:The Cities of Refuge were certain
14:
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508:American Political Science Review
393:in a war could take shelter in a
389:code, or a defeated warrior or a
375:, certain places were designated
116:
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155:("right of asylum") were: the
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193:temple of Poseidon in Laconia
132:There were several places in
412:. It was the largest walled
363:37) has erroneously stated.
16:Place of refuge in antiquity
7:
502:Kirchheimer, Otto (1959). "
464:
230:In ancient Greece the term
10:
791:
611:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
400:One of the best preserved
371:In the culture of ancient
308:of Antoninus is quoted in
50:
755:Society of ancient Greece
424:, a great chief who died
713:, ed. (1870). "Asylum".
644:Dig. 4-7. tit. 11. s. 5.
263:Palazzo Magnani, Bologna
225:464 BC Sparta earthquake
169:Altar of the Twelve Gods
47:Ancient Israel and Judah
750:Culture of ancient Rome
765:Ancient Roman religion
760:Ancient Greek religion
719:. London: John Murray.
446:abolished most of the
266:
687:National Park Service
249:
207:(Paus. iii. 5. § 6).
179:, the Theseum in the
444:Kamehameha the Great
406:Pu'uhonua o Honaunau
320:are substituted for
607:Velleius Paterculus
420:(temple) preserved
265:(late 16th century)
221:Pausanias of Sparta
183:, and the altar of
171:, the altar of the
486:Sanctuary movement
422:the bones of Keawe
267:
31:was a place where
740:Ancient Greek law
591:Annibale Carracci
408:on the island of
63:Kingdom of Israel
39:, existed in the
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481:Sanctuary cities
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53:Cities of Refuge
37:Cities of Refuge
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497:Further reading
471:Right of asylum
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367:Ancient Hawai'i
339:In the time of
318:ad aedem sacram
275:Capitoline Hill
250:An ahistorical
244:
217:Cylon of Athens
163:, the altar of
140:, or temple of
119:
79:blood vengeance
75:right of asylum
59:Levitical towns
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514:(4): 985–1016.
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334:corrupti servi
322:ad fana deorum
290:Antoninus Pius
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197:Mount Taenarus
167:Ayopcuos, the
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117:Ancient Greece
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51:Main article:
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41:ancient Levant
21:ancient Greece
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566:. Retrieved
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99:Jordan River
71:manslaughter
56:
28:
18:
770:Safe houses
547:Joshua 20:7
532:Deuteronomy
429: 1725
306:constitutio
286:constitutio
729:Categories
568:2024-02-13
519:References
476:Safe house
314:Institutes
745:Roman law
663:See also
534:4:43 and
459:pu'uhonua
448:pu'uhonua
437:pu'uhonua
414:pu'uhonua
402:pu'uhonua
395:pu'uhonua
381:pu'uhonua
377:pu'uhonua
357:Suetonius
353:jus asyli
345:jus asyli
326:jus asyli
310:Justinian
300:fugitivus
279:Roman law
213:sanctuary
177:Areopagus
173:Eumenides
159:, in the
153:jus asyli
93:, on the
605:. i. 8;
587:Ludovico
583:Agostino
465:See also
361:Tiberius
341:Tiberius
201:Calauria
189:Munichia
65:and the
708::
665:Tacitus
613:ii. 15.
410:Hawai'i
373:Hawai'i
304:. This
294:praeses
271:Romulus
185:Artemis
181:Piraeus
175:on the
142:Theseus
138:Theseum
107:Shechem
97:of the
61:in the
609:i. 8;
589:, and
536:Joshua
504:Asylum
259:frieze
252:fresco
236:asylia
232:asylia
223:. The
134:Athens
127:asylia
111:Hebron
109:, and
103:Kedesh
101:, and
89:, and
87:Ramoth
29:asylum
418:heiau
284:By a
205:Tegea
195:, on
187:, at
161:Agora
91:Bosor
83:Golan
27:, an
603:Livy
538:20:8
452:King
433:mana
386:kapu
219:and
165:Zeus
146:Plut
95:east
25:Rome
23:and
581:By
506:".
404:is
312:'s
288:of
19:In
731::
685:.
672:^
585:,
561:.
512:53
510:.
426:c.
105:,
85:,
43:.
689:.
626:.
593:.
571:.
359:(
302:)
298:(
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