231:
325:
33:
2998:
1910:
47:
3008:
2987:
3018:
1923:
242:(later Lord Kelvin), who had publicly disputed some of Whitehouse's claims. The two had a tense relationship before Whitehouse was dismissed when the first cable failed in 1858. Later that year, another attempt was made to connect North America and Europe. This attempt was completed on August 5, 1858 and was celebrated by an exchange of messages between
339:
and later merged with The French
Transatlantic Cable Company in 1869. The new company set out to recover the lost cable using the CS Albany and CS Medway, working together with The Atlantic Telegraph Company until the two merged in 1873. They then went on to lay two more cables in 1873 and 1874 from
311:
without competition until 1869, when a French cable was laid. Shortly after this company was established, an agreement was made to coordinate pricing of telegraph services and share revenues, effectively combining the French and Anglo-American interests into one combine. A second French company,
303:
The next expedition in 1866 was a success, also succeeding in recovering the lost second cable. The service generated revenues of £1000 in its first day of operation. The approximate price to send a telegram was: one word, one mile (1.6 km)= $ 0.0003809.
1727:
898:
335:
The Anglo-American
Telegraph Company was founded after the failed attempt of laying a second cable by The Atlantic Telegraph Company in 1865. The new telegraph company took over the assets of the
296:
On the failure of the expedition to lay the second cable in 1865, a third company was formed to raise the capital for a further attempt, the Anglo-American
Telegraph Company. Both the hulks and
1612:
3042:
1782:
891:
313:
264:
to the
Company in 1864, both ships were then extensively modified in 1865 for ferrying the Atlantic cable from the works at Enderby's wharf, in East Greenwich, London, to
884:
3047:
1928:
1648:
845:
1653:
740:
230:
2262:
215:
was composed of eighteen members from the United
Kingdom, nine from the United States, and three from Canada. The original three projectors were joined by
336:
102:
3057:
1787:
1915:
1732:
155:, American businessman and financier, set his sights on laying the first transatlantic underwater telegraph cable after having been contacted by
704:
1815:
865:
1850:
341:
2970:
2942:
2937:
1962:
1342:
923:
768:
749:
547:"The Laying of the Atlantic Cable: Paintings, Watercolors, and Commemorative Objects Given to the Metropolitan Museum by Cyrus W. Field"
384:
1772:
1742:
1607:
733:
1737:
907:
160:
1885:
1860:
1337:
2964:
1717:
2959:
2949:
2929:
2731:
1757:
1617:
474:
167:, but failed due to lack of funding. After inquiring about the feasibility of a transatlantic underwater cable to Lieutenant
726:
2096:
3021:
2954:
2800:
1820:
1452:
788:
2726:
1895:
1777:
1099:
773:
500:"Dr Wildman Whitehouse and his 'Iron Oscillograph'; Electrical Measurements Relating to the First Transatlantic Cable"
2820:
1387:
778:
685:
661:
239:
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2153:
1955:
1890:
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1707:
783:
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1865:
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1352:
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918:
308:
106:
20:
1697:
3052:
3011:
2772:
2669:
2212:
2007:
1979:
1762:
1689:
678:
The
Victorian Internet: The Remarkable Story of the Telegraph and the Nineteenth Century's Online Pioneers
3001:
2508:
1948:
1711:
1602:
1437:
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809:
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2121:
2081:
1835:
1663:
1432:
1089:
184:
156:
1792:
356:
Secretariat records (two volumes) of the Anglo-American
Telegraph Company, 1866-1869, are held by
2830:
2815:
2659:
2610:
2533:
2433:
2111:
1997:
1992:
1845:
1347:
1055:
850:
625:"History of the Atlantic Cable & Submarine Telegraphy - The Anglo-American Telegraph Company"
324:
1170:
253:
When a second cable, under
Thomson's supervision, was proposed, the Admiralty lent the hulks of
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2538:
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1540:
1392:
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91:
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2133:
2054:
1265:
953:
376:
1987:
2568:
2528:
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2255:
2190:
2012:
1377:
835:
133:
1076:
277:
The cable was coiled down into great cylindrical tanks at the Wharf before being fed into
8:
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1971:
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2017:
2002:
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83:
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1221:
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274:, under the chairmanship of John Pender was formed to execute the new venture.
247:
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466:
377:
The Trans-Atlantic
Telegraph Cable 150th Anniversary Celebration 1858-2008
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2408:
2368:
2227:
1830:
1447:
1281:
1195:
1177:
1034:
1023:
504:
The
International Journal for the History of Engineering & Technology
380:
357:
220:
433:
401:
293:, beginning in February 1865, an operation that took over three months.
234:
Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Company works, at Enderbys Wharf.
2908:
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2222:
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2148:
2126:
1494:
1442:
1301:
1288:
1133:
1114:
968:
328:
204:
113:
65:
56:
iron sailing steam ship, used to lay the transatlantic telegraph cable.
37:
2893:
2358:
2173:
1940:
1407:
1138:
983:
978:
963:
906:
200:
46:
1613:
European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
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1499:
1296:
1275:
1251:
1216:
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590:
588:
2883:
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2086:
1504:
1362:
1244:
1104:
1062:
208:
132:
formed on 6 November 1856 to undertake and exploit a commercial
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2195:
1509:
1208:
1128:
948:
585:
196:
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2143:
1840:
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1622:
1489:
1422:
1412:
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2840:
1580:
383:, University of Salford, 2008. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
3043:
Defunct telecommunications companies of the United Kingdom
188:
270:
at her Sheerness mooring. A new subsidiary company, the
219:, who oversaw the manufacturing of the cables as chief
846:
India Rubber, Gutta Percha and Telegraph Works Company
289:
transferred the 2500 miles (4022 km) of cable to
314:
compagnie française du télégraphe de Paris à New-York
307:
The Atlantic Telegraph Company operated the only two
337:
New York, Newfoundland, and London Telegraph Company
319:
103:
New York, Newfoundland and London Telegraph Company
1654:Internet Telephony Services Providers' Association
908:Telecommunications industry in the United Kingdom
300:were put to use again in 1866 and again in 1869.
183:to create the Atlantic Telegraph Company. It was
3048:Telecommunications companies established in 1856
3034:
348:by CS Robert Lowe in 1873 and CS Minia in 1874.
175:, Field formed an agreement with the Englishmen
748:
402:"Great Americans of the Past: Cyrus West Field"
250:of the United States using the new cable line.
1816:British Approvals Board for Telecommunications
866:Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Company
272:Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Company
118:Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Company
1956:
892:
829:Cable manufacturing and maintenance companies
734:
651:
924:Science and technology in the United Kingdom
769:British and Irish Magnetic Telegraph Company
675:
454:
2971:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
227:served as vice-chairman for over a decade.
3007:
1963:
1949:
1388:London & Provincial District Telegraph
899:
885:
741:
727:
45:
31:
3058:Telegraph companies of the United Kingdom
1608:Defence Science and Technology Laboratory
1783:South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
323:
229:
1861:Interception of Communications Act 1985
656:. Pennsylvania State University Press.
399:
3035:
1970:
1649:Internet Service Providers Association
544:
16:Anglo-American telecommunications firm
1944:
1618:International Telecommunication Union
880:
722:
619:
617:
615:
497:
3017:
1922:
1343:British and Irish Magnetic Telegraph
1338:Bonelli's Electric Telegraph Company
594:Russell, Sir William Howard (1865),
331:of Anglo-American Telegraph Company.
1821:British Telecommunications Act 1981
789:Universal Private Telegraph Company
545:Dobkin, Josephine C. (2006-01-01).
455:Starosielski, Nicole (2015-02-25).
13:
774:British Electric Telegraph Company
654:Lord Kelvin: The Dynamic Victorian
645:
612:
238:The board recruited the physicist
14:
3069:
779:London District Telegraph Company
695:
3016:
3006:
2997:
2996:
2985:
2606:Free-space optical communication
1921:
1909:
1908:
1891:UK telephone code misconceptions
784:United Kingdom Telegraph Company
516:10.1179/175812111X13188557854008
320:Anglo-American Telegraph Company
1728:British Indian Ocean Territory
1353:Cable & Wireless Worldwide
600:
538:
491:
448:
393:
370:
1:
1628:Phone-paid Services Authority
1042:BT Business and Public Sector
919:Economy of the United Kingdom
498:Green, Allan (January 2012).
363:
107:French Atlantic Cable Company
21:Transatlantic telegraph cable
2992:Telecommunication portal
2773:Telecommunications equipment
1690:British Overseas Territories
714:BT Archives online catalogue
342:Hearts Content, Newfoundland
7:
2509:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
1712:British Antarctic Territory
1603:Broadband Stakeholder Group
1453:Universal Private Telegraph
856:Glass, Elliot & Company
810:Submarine Telegraph Company
750:British telegraph companies
609:, 30 October 1868 page 355.
551:Metropolitan Museum Journal
316:, was established in 1879.
10:
3074:
2213:Telecommunications history
1398:National Telephone Company
1358:Electric Telegraph Company
1328:Atlantic Telegraph Company
815:Atlantic Telegraph Company
764:Electric Telegraph Company
418:10.1177/002205741909001806
351:
147:
126:Atlantic Telegraph Company
26:Atlantic Telegraph Company
18:
2980:
2922:
2859:
2821:Public Switched Telephone
2781:
2745:
2702:
2643:
2633:telecommunication circuit
2594:Fiber-optic communication
2577:
2339:Francis Blake (telephone)
2286:
2134:Optical telecommunication
1978:
1904:
1826:British telephone sockets
1801:
1682:
1636:
1593:
1568:
1518:
1477:
1470:
1315:
1011:
1002:
959:BT Wholesale and Ventures
939:
932:
914:
828:
820:Eastern Telegraph Company
803:Submarine cable companies
802:
756:
702:BT Archives official site
461:. Duke University Press.
400:STEWART, JANE A. (1919).
159:who attempted to connect
112:
97:
79:
71:
61:
44:
30:
2732:Orbital angular-momentum
2169:Satellite communications
2008:Communications satellite
1836:BT site engineering code
1788:Turks and Caicos Islands
1664:London Internet Exchange
1348:Cable & Wireless plc
841:Hooper's Telegraph Works
607:The Mechanics's Magazine
406:The Journal of Education
195:, raised principally in
161:St. John's, Newfoundland
157:Frederic Newton Gisborne
2611:Molecular communication
2434:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
2263:Undersea telegraph line
1998:Cable protection system
1886:Telephone numbers in UK
1846:Communications Act 2003
851:R.S. Newall and Company
563:10.1086/met.41.20320667
187:in December, 1856 with
2753:Communication protocol
2539:Charles Sumner Tainter
2354:Walter Houser Brattain
2299:Edwin Howard Armstrong
2107:Information revolution
1733:British Virgin Islands
1541:Marconi Communications
652:Sharlin, H.I. (1979).
596:The Atlantic Telegraph
412:(18 (2254)): 488–489.
387:21 August 2013 at the
332:
235:
181:Charles Tilston Bright
169:Matthew Fontaine Maury
92:Charles Tilston Bright
2727:Polarization-division
2459:Narinder Singh Kapany
2424:Erna Schneider Hoover
2344:Jagadish Chandra Bose
2324:Alexander Graham Bell
2055:online video platform
1698:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
1266:Virgin Media Business
954:Babcock International
676:Standage, T. (1998).
467:10.1215/9780822376224
327:
309:trans-Atlantic cables
233:
2569:Vladimir K. Zworykin
2529:Almon Brown Strowger
2499:Charles Grafton Page
2154:Prepaid mobile phone
2082:Electrical telegraph
1851:Earth stations in UK
1378:Gutta Percha Company
1100:Cable & Wireless
1019:Andrews & Arnold
836:Gutta Percha Company
458:The Undersea Network
3053:Telegraph companies
2519:Johann Philipp Reis
2278:Wireless revolution
2240:The Telephone Cases
2097:Hydraulic telegraph
1438:Submarine Telegraph
1373:General Post Office
794:General Post Office
27:
2717:Frequency-division
2694:Telephone exchange
2564:Charles Wheatstone
2494:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
2469:Innocenzo Manzetti
2404:Reginald Fessenden
2139:Optical telegraphy
1972:Telecommunications
1896:Web blocking in UK
1881:Telegraph Act 1885
1876:Telegraph Act 1868
1685:Crown Dependencies
1674:Symbian Foundation
1576:Carphone Warehouse
1049:BT Global Services
707:2011-02-19 at the
629:atlantic-cable.com
333:
248:President Buchanan
236:
213:board of directors
177:John Watkins Brett
142:telecommunications
88:John Watkins Brett
25:
3030:
3029:
2768:Store and forward
2763:Data transmission
2677:Network switching
2628:Transmission line
2474:Guglielmo Marconi
2439:Internet pioneers
2304:Mohamed M. Atalla
2273:Whistled language
1938:
1937:
1856:Hull Colour Pages
1596:regulatory bodies
1589:
1588:
1564:
1563:
1466:
1465:
1291:
1284:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1233:
1228:
1211:
1204:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1147:
1123:
1079:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1037:
874:
873:
476:978-0-8223-7622-4
225:Curtis M. Lampson
217:E.O.W. Whitehouse
140:, the first such
136:cable across the
122:
121:
101:1870 merged with
3065:
3020:
3019:
3010:
3009:
3000:
2999:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2861:Notable networks
2851:Wireless network
2791:Cellular network
2783:Types of network
2758:Computer network
2645:Network topology
2559:Thomas A. Watson
2414:Oliver Heaviside
2399:Philo Farnsworth
2374:Daniel Davis Jr.
2349:Charles Bourseul
2309:John Logie Baird
2018:Data compression
2013:Computer network
1965:
1958:
1951:
1942:
1941:
1925:
1924:
1912:
1911:
1793:Tristan da Cunha
1773:Pitcairn Islands
1743:Falkland Islands
1718:Ascension Island
1475:
1474:
1287:
1280:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1231:
1226:
1207:
1200:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1143:
1121:Eclipse Internet
1119:
1095:The Co-operative
1075:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1009:
1008:
994:Telehouse Europe
937:
936:
901:
894:
887:
878:
877:
757:Inland companies
743:
736:
729:
720:
719:
691:
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49:
35:
28:
24:
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2986:
2984:
2976:
2918:
2855:
2777:
2741:
2698:
2647:
2639:
2580:
2573:
2479:Robert Metcalfe
2334:Tim Berners-Lee
2282:
2102:Information Age
1974:
1969:
1939:
1934:
1900:
1803:
1797:
1688:
1678:
1644:GSM Association
1637:Industry bodies
1632:
1595:
1585:
1560:
1536:Marconi Company
1514:
1462:
1311:
1239:Virgin Media O2
1004:
998:
941:
928:
910:
905:
875:
870:
824:
798:
752:
747:
709:Wayback Machine
698:
688:
664:
648:
646:Further reading
643:
642:
633:
631:
623:
622:
613:
605:
601:
593:
586:
543:
539:
496:
492:
477:
453:
449:
398:
394:
389:Wayback Machine
375:
371:
366:
354:
346:Valentia Island
322:
246:of England and
240:William Thomson
150:
57:
40:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3071:
3061:
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2749:
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2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2712:Space-division
2708:
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2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2691:
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2689:
2684:
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2603:
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2601:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2549:Camille Tissot
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2524:Claude Shannon
2521:
2516:
2514:Tivadar Puskás
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2484:Antonio Meucci
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2454:Charles K. Kao
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2429:Harold Hopkins
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2329:Emile Berliner
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2268:Videotelephony
2265:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2243:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2171:
2166:
2164:Radiotelephone
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2067:
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53:Great Eastern
48:
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39:
34:
29:
22:
2704:Multiplexing
2579:Transmission
2544:Nikola Tesla
2534:Henry Sutton
2489:Samuel Morse
2419:Robert Hooke
2384:Amos Dolbear
2319:John Bardeen
2238:
2218:Telautograph
2122:Mobile phone
2077:Edholm's law
2060:social media
1993:Broadcasting
1927:
1914:
1778:Saint Helena
1485:Arm Holdings
1327:
1307:Zen Internet
1259:Virgin Media
1186:Telecom Plus
1071:China Mobile
861:W. T. Henley
814:
677:
669:
653:
632:. Retrieved
628:
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510:(1): 68–92.
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185:incorporated
151:
125:
123:
114:Subsidiaries
52:
2904:NPL network
2616:Radio waves
2554:Alfred Vail
2464:Hedy Lamarr
2449:Dawon Kahng
2409:Elisha Gray
2369:Yogen Dalal
2294:Nasir Ahmed
2228:Teleprinter
2092:Heliographs
1831:BT Research
1804:legislation
1758:Isle of Man
1710:(including
1531:GEC Plessey
1433:Sainsbury's
1418:Post Office
1282:Vodafone UK
1035:BT Consumer
1024:Asda Mobile
680:. Phoenix.
557:: 155–170.
381:Nigel Linge
358:BT Archives
221:electrician
153:Cyrus Field
84:Cyrus Field
3037:Categories
2950:Antarctica
2909:Toasternet
2831:Television
2314:Paul Baran
2246:Television
2230:(teletype)
2223:Telegraphy
2201:transistor
2179:Phryctoria
2149:Photophone
2127:Smartphone
2117:Mass media
1768:Montserrat
1708:Antarctica
1495:Metaswitch
1443:Tiscali UK
1302:WightFibre
1289:Talkmobile
1134:Lycamobile
1115:KCOM Group
1090:Colt Group
969:KCOM Group
634:2022-11-01
364:References
329:House flag
205:Manchester
66:Telegraphy
38:House flag
2934:Americas
2923:Locations
2894:Internet2
2655:Bandwidth
2359:Vint Cerf
2256:streaming
2234:Telephone
2174:Semaphore
2065:streaming
1748:Gibraltar
1471:Suppliers
1005:providers
984:Interxion
979:Openreach
964:CityFibre
942:providers
933:Companies
579:193002431
571:0077-8958
532:111269365
524:1758-1206
485:114607440
442:188544756
426:0022-0574
201:Liverpool
173:U.S. Navy
134:telegraph
3002:Category
2889:Internet
2879:CYCLADES
2796:Ethernet
2746:Concepts
2670:terminal
2621:wireless
2444:Bob Kahn
2287:Pioneers
2112:Internet
2003:Cable TV
1916:Category
1802:History,
1753:Guernsey
1703:Anguilla
1556:Standard
1551:PicoChip
1500:Sarantel
1448:T-Mobile
1297:Voipfone
1276:Vodafone
1252:Giffgaff
1227:Leetline
1202:Three UK
1164:Business
1158:TalkTalk
1110:Inmarsat
1085:Claranet
1029:BT Group
974:Nexfibre
705:Archived
434:42767473
385:Archived
283:Amethyst
191:350,000
80:Founders
62:Industry
3022:Commons
3012:Outline
2965:Oceania
2884:FidoNet
2869:ARPANET
2682:circuit
2251:digital
1980:History
1929:Commons
1723:Bermuda
1519:Defunct
1505:Spirent
1478:Current
1393:Mercury
1363:Energis
1316:Defunct
1105:Entanet
1063:Plusnet
1012:Current
1003:Service
672:127-147
352:Archive
209:Glasgow
193:capital
171:of the
148:History
130:company
72:Founded
2960:Europe
2930:Africa
2914:Usenet
2874:BITNET
2811:Mobile
2687:packet
2196:MOSFET
2191:device
1988:Beacon
1926:
1913:
1763:Jersey
1510:Telent
1428:Rabbit
1408:Orange
1383:Ionica
1368:Family
1232:No One
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1171:Mobile
1129:Lebara
1077:CMLink
949:Arqiva
684:
660:
577:
569:
530:
522:
483:
473:
440:
432:
424:
211:. The
207:, and
197:London
144:link.
128:was a
2943:South
2938:North
2899:JANET
2836:Telex
2826:Radio
2665:Nodes
2660:Links
2581:media
2159:Radio
2144:Pager
2072:Drums
2038:video
2033:image
2023:audio
1841:Buzby
1669:MaNAP
1659:LONAP
1623:Ofcom
1569:Other
1490:Icera
1423:Pipex
1413:Ovivo
1196:Three
1191:Tesco
1153:spusu
575:S2CID
528:S2CID
481:S2CID
438:S2CID
430:JSTOR
2955:Asia
2841:UUCP
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1581:Hibu
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520:ISSN
471:ISBN
422:ISSN
287:Iris
285:and
261:Iris
259:HMS
257:and
179:and
124:The
105:and
98:Fate
75:1856
2846:WAN
2816:NGN
2806:LAN
2087:Fax
2028:DCT
1687:and
1683:In
1526:CSR
1403:NTL
1323:AOL
1217:Tru
1139:Sky
559:doi
512:doi
463:doi
414:doi
379:by
344:to
163:to
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1245:O2
1178:TV
1056:EE
670:pp
668:,
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