174:
268:. For the Astugewi, this relatively new clothing was called dwákawi. They did not employ a system of consistently smoking the fresh skins. Only buckskins for formal occasions were smoked, leaving daily worn buckskins prone to water damage. The Astugewi potentially did not recognise the water resistance given by the smoking process. Garth conjectured that treating the buckskins with smoke was a recent development, having "a close connection with the introduction of buckskin clothing itself" but lacked direct evidence of this trend.
804:
52:
185:
settlements were varied for both
Atsugewi bands. For example interactions between the territoriality adjacent band of Achomawi, the Illmawi, and the Atsuge were generally terse. These bad feelings arose in part from particular Atsuge trespassing upon Illmawi territory while traveling through to
164:
were known as the "pine tree people" or Atsuge. In turn the residents of
Apwariwa or Dixie Valley were known as the "juniper tree people" or Mahuopani; or by the more common Apwaruge, named after the valley itself. Exchanges of gifts and commercial trades were very common between the two bands.
201:
concluded that the
Klamath and their Modoc relatives gained horses in the 1820s. Atsugewi settlements were likely attacked primarily by Modoc. Outsahone was applied to both the Klamath and Modoc peoples. Captured people would be sold into slavery at an intertribal
233:. The best dumidiyi were made of yew wood by the Atsuge. As fairly peaceable relations developed with Paiute groups by 1870, these yew bows became a common trade item. The visiting Paiute would bring stockpiles of
186:
collect obsidian from the nearby Glass
Mountain. In general however the Achomawi-speaking peoples were the principal trading destination for most Atsugewi manufactured goods and foodstuffs.
197:
to the north was largely undocumented. Despite this, Garth found it probable that there were extensive interactions between the cultures prior to the adoption of horses by the
Northerners.
343:
and
Atsugewi as 3,000. A more detailed analysis by Fred B. Kniffen arrived at the same figure. T. R. Garth (1978:237) estimated the Atsugewi population at a maximum of 850.
694:
160:
and lived in small groups without centralized political authority. There was a cultural division into two smaller bands, based on the area of habitation. Inhabitants of
792:
770:
634:, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology, vol. 23, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, pp. 297–332
616:
William C. Sturtevant, general editor, vol. 8, California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 236-243. Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, D.C., 1978. p. 237
566:
785:
173:
346:
Kroeber estimated the combined population of the
Achumawi and Atsugewi in 1910 as 1,100. The population was given as about 500 in 1936.
1158:
778:
700:
800:
726:
684:
650:
113:
249:
shells in central and southern
California. In return these trading goods were exchanged for Atsugewi basket and bow goods.
749:
140:
and consisted of two groups (the Atsugé and the
Apwaruge). The Atsugé ("pine-tree people") traditionally are from the
808:
360:
330:
755:
879:
563:
335:
Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially.
318:
144:
area, and the Apwaruge ("juniper-tree people") are from the Dixie Valley. They lived to the south of the
1153:
1077:
301:
language. As of 1994, an estimated three people spoke Atsugewi. The majority of the tribe speaks
298:
161:
141:
8:
386:
246:
242:
207:
133:
761:
1148:
722:
680:
646:
355:
336:
294:
264:
and Paiute were among those known to have adopted buckskin clothing from the distant
73:
859:
302:
69:
993:
765:
716:
670:, Anthropological Records, vol. 14, Berkeley: University of California Press
640:
570:
314:
218:
157:
96:
1039:
864:
265:
214:
190:
1072:
1142:
1092:
1044:
972:
257:
121:
966:
843:
230:
222:
198:
194:
125:
229:. Called dumidiyi, the bows were of a similar design to those made by the
1122:
1112:
977:
890:
869:
829:
261:
136:, Hat, and Dixie Valley or Horse Creeks. They are closely related to the
997:
940:
854:
824:
803:
282:
117:
57:
945:
1107:
1011:
961:
924:
839:
234:
129:
874:
1056:
1050:
934:
919:
849:
819:
365:
340:
226:
182:
145:
137:
100:
36:
1082:
1034:
1028:
988:
983:
955:
903:
899:
885:
203:
693:
Spier, Leslie (1930). Kroeber, Alfred L.; Lowie, Robert (eds.).
1117:
1066:
1061:
1018:
1003:
253:
1127:
1102:
1097:
1087:
950:
914:
909:
238:
679:, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press,
189:
Contact between the Achomawi and Atsugewi speakers with the
1023:
929:
895:
699:. Berkeley: University of California Press. Archived from
574:
San Diego State University Library and Information Access.
521:
437:
213:
Atsugewi manufactured bows were prized by the neighboring
584:
582:
594:
579:
497:
427:
425:
423:
485:
403:
Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes, Third Edition
545:
533:
509:
473:
449:
420:
408:
461:
16:Native American people of Northeastern California
1140:
317:, while some Atsugewi people are members of the
281:A full list of Atsugewi plants can be found at
339:estimated the combined 1770 population of the
786:
766:California Indian Library Collections Project
564:California Indians and Their Reservations: S.
793:
779:
260:, Yurok, Klamath, Atsugewi and groups of
405:. (New York: Checkmark Books, 2006) p. 2
313:Today many Atsugewi are enrolled in the
172:
714:
638:
629:
600:
588:
503:
491:
443:
382:
380:
168:
1141:
718:Encyclopedia of Native American tribes
639:Kroeber, Alfred Louis (9 July 2006) ,
774:
692:
674:
665:
642:Handbook of the Indians of California
551:
539:
527:
515:
479:
467:
455:
431:
414:
882:(Lassik, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Wailaki)
377:
283:http://naeb.brit.org/uses/tribes/19/
241:, glass beads, guns, and especially
156:The Atsugewi traditionally lived by
44:Regions with significant populations
614:Handbook of North American Indians,
124:. Their traditional lands are near
13:
14:
1170:
743:
1159:Indigenous peoples of California
809:Indigenous peoples of California
802:
715:Waldman, Carl (September 2006),
177:Basketry of the Hat Creek people
50:
622:
606:
557:
361:Atsugewi traditional narratives
331:Population of Native California
980:(Monache, Owens Valley Paiute)
395:
276:
1:
576:2009 (retrieved 27 June 2010)
324:
7:
758:, Four Directions Institute
677:California Indian Languages
349:
319:Susanville Indian Rancheria
288:
85:traditional tribal religion
10:
1175:
752:, College of the Siskiyous
612:Garth, T. R. Atsugewi. In
328:
271:
181:Relations with the nearby
151:
815:
666:Garth, Thomas R. (1953),
630:Kniffen, Fred B. (1928),
308:
116:residing in northeastern
94:
89:
84:
79:
68:
63:
48:
43:
32:
27:
645:, Kessinger Publishing,
371:
1078:Plains and Sierra Miwok
937:(Diegueño, Ipai, Tipai)
721:, Infobase Publishing,
210:in present-day Oregon.
675:Golla, Victor (2011),
392:Retrieved 20 Dec 2011.
285:(68 documented uses).
178:
1047:(Konomihu, Okwanuchu)
880:Eel River Athapaskans
762:Atsugewi Bibliography
329:Further information:
176:
158:hunting and gathering
95:other members of the
90:Related ethnic groups
668:Atsugewi Ethnography
530:, p. 145 fn 13.
446:, pp. 313, 316.
169:Neighboring cultures
35:1,350 combined with
696:Klamath Ethnography
128:, specifically the
24:
632:Achomawi Geography
569:2010-01-10 at the
247:Olivella biplicata
179:
22:
1136:
1135:
728:978-0-8160-6274-4
686:978-0-520-26667-4
652:978-1-4286-4492-2
356:Atsugewi language
337:Alfred L. Kroeber
295:Atsugewi language
106:
105:
1166:
1154:Pit River tribes
807:
806:
795:
788:
781:
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771:
738:
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735:
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447:
441:
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429:
418:
412:
406:
399:
393:
384:
114:Native Americans
56:
54:
53:
28:Total population
25:
21:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1132:
994:Northern Paiute
811:
801:
799:
746:
741:
733:
731:
729:
706:
704:
687:
657:
655:
653:
625:
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599:
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580:
571:Wayback Machine
562:
558:
550:
546:
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506:, pp. 2–3.
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450:
442:
438:
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421:
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409:
401:Waldman, Carl.
400:
396:
385:
378:
374:
352:
333:
327:
315:Pit River Tribe
311:
291:
279:
274:
171:
154:
97:Pit River Tribe
51:
49:
34:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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922:
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744:External links
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621:
619:
618:
605:
603:, p. 318.
593:
591:, p. 883.
578:
556:
554:, p. 148.
544:
542:, p. 145.
532:
520:
518:, p. 153.
508:
496:
494:, p. 308.
484:
482:, p. 131.
472:
460:
458:, p. 185.
448:
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434:, p. 183.
419:
417:, p. 129.
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266:Plains Indians
243:shell currency
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703:on 2021-01-14
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470:, p. 31.
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245:created from
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122:United States
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62:
59:
47:
42:
38:
31:
26:
1069:(Gabrieliño)
1053:(Fernandeño)
958:(Bear River)
834:
732:, retrieved
717:
705:. Retrieved
701:the original
695:
676:
667:
656:, retrieved
641:
631:
623:Bibliography
613:
608:
601:Kniffen 1928
596:
589:Kroeber 2006
573:
559:
547:
535:
523:
511:
504:Waldman 2006
499:
492:Kroeber 2006
487:
475:
463:
451:
444:Kniffen 1928
439:
410:
402:
397:
389:
345:
334:
312:
292:
280:
262:Western Mono
251:
212:
204:slave market
199:Leslie Spier
188:
180:
155:
132:drainage on
126:Mount Shasta
109:
107:
99:, including
19:Ethnic group
1073:TĂĽbatulabal
891:Halchidhoma
870:Coast Miwok
830:Ahwahnechee
734:21 November
658:21 November
390:Ethnologue.
387:"Atsugewi."
299:Palaihnihan
277:Ethnobotany
72:, formerly
33:200 (1977),
1143:Categories
998:Kucadikadi
941:Lake Miwok
855:Chemehuevi
825:Acjachemen
707:2022-05-13
552:Garth 1953
540:Garth 1953
528:Garth 1953
516:Garth 1953
480:Garth 1953
468:Spier 1930
456:Garth 1953
432:Garth 1953
415:Garth 1953
325:Population
208:The Dalles
118:California
58:California
1108:Wukchumni
1012:Ramaytush
1008:Costanoan
969:(Klamath)
962:Mechoopda
925:Kitanemuk
860:Chimariko
840:Bay Miwok
239:red ochre
235:buckskins
162:Hat Creek
142:Hat Creek
130:Pit River
64:Languages
1149:Atsugewi
1057:Timbisha
1051:Tataviam
935:Kumeyaay
920:Kawaiisu
850:Cahuilla
835:Atsugewi
820:Achomawi
756:Atsugewi
750:Atsugewi
567:Archived
366:Achomawi
350:See also
341:Achumawi
289:Language
227:Achomawi
183:Achomawi
146:Achomawi
138:Achomawi
110:Atsugewi
101:Achomawi
80:Religion
74:Atsugewi
37:Achomawi
23:Atsugewi
1083:Vanyume
1040:Serrano
1035:Salinan
1029:Quechan
989:Nomlaki
984:Nisenan
956:Mattole
946:Luiseño
904:Whilkut
900:Chilula
886:Esselen
865:Chumash
764:, from
303:English
272:Culture
215:Klamath
191:Klamath
152:History
70:English
1118:Yokuts
1093:Washoe
1067:Tongva
1062:Tolowa
1045:Shasta
1031:(Yuma)
1019:Patwin
1004:Ohlone
973:Mohave
875:Cupeño
844:Saklan
725:
683:
649:
309:Tribes
258:Shasta
254:Tolowa
219:Paiute
134:Burney
55:
39:(2000)
1128:Yurok
1103:Wiyot
1098:Wintu
1088:Wappo
967:Modoc
951:Maidu
915:Cahto
910:Karuk
372:Notes
297:is a
231:Yurok
223:Modoc
195:Modoc
1123:Yuki
1113:Yana
1024:Pomo
978:Mono
930:Kizh
896:Hupa
736:2011
723:ISBN
681:ISBN
660:2011
647:ISBN
293:The
252:The
225:and
193:and
112:are
108:The
206:at
1145::
902:,
581:^
422:^
379:^
321:.
305:.
256:,
237:,
221:,
217:,
148:.
120:,
1000:)
996:(
906:)
898:(
846:)
842:(
794:e
787:t
780:v
710:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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