118:
132:
100:
360:
widespread civil disorder. By the afternoon of May 2, with the street violence growing increasingly worse, American journalists who had been in the city covering the war – as well as 37 Greek civilians – had all sought refuge in the chancery of the embassy. In addition, the files of the
Ethiopian foreign ministry were brought to the American chancery by
409:. Throughout the day, the compound continued to take fire and two of the local domestic staff were shot and seriously wounded. With ammunition running low, the State Department authorized Engert to abandon the legation, however, British forces were unable to provide immediate aid as they were occupied repelling a simultaneous assault upon the
380:
for assistance, the
British being in a more defensible location and better protected. A courier who attempted to make the trek to the British compound had to turn back due to the intensity of street violence. A radio message was, instead, transmitted to the British embassy, however, as the U.S. had
359:
Prior to departing Addis Ababa, Haile
Selassie had ordered government armories opened with the apparent intent that civilians would seize the weapons and spontaneously resist the Italian entrance into the city. Instead, the weapons free-for-all combined with the collapse of the government sparked
440:
Later that evening, 25,000 Italian troops entered Addis Ababa. The next morning a contingent of four
Americans returned to occupy the chancery, however, soon found themselves again under scattered fire. At the request of the United States, Italian troops were thereafter dispatched to secure the
404:
radio operators, six diplomats, several
Ethiopian domestic staff, and one Ethiopian police officer who had sought refuge at the facility. Among them, they were armed with nine rifles, two shotguns, ten revolvers, and a
339:, the United States minister to Ethiopia, had taken up his post in February 1936 but, as of April, had yet been formally accredited by the Ethiopian government. On April 30 he was summoned to the throne room of
432:
immediately enter Addis Ababa to stabilize the situation. The same day as the evacuation of the
Americans by the British, German troops had to be dispatched by that nation's embassy to rescue Swiss physician
315:
was recognized for his actions leading the defense of the chancery, though the administration of
Franklin Roosevelt would come under public criticism for not better providing for its protection.
311:
American diplomatic and consular staff, supported by
Italian troops, returned to reoccupy the chancery several days following their evacuation. In the United States, American minister
471:
John
Spencer would later report that, when he returned to retrieve the Ethiopian government files he had brought to the American legation for safekeeping, some had gone missing.
396:
escort from the UK's embassy arrived at the
American compound, whereupon the spouses and children of diplomatic staff, and sheltering civilians – including one reporter's pet
892:
441:
legation and its grounds, with 53 soldiers of the Italian Army reported having arrived at the compound in a later cable to Washington sent by an American vice-consul.
922:
464:
Some newspapers in the United States commented on the fact it was necessary for the United States embassy to appeal for aid to the United Kingdom and condemned the
917:
376:, the attack repelled by embassy staff and local contract guards. However, with the chancery under continuing fire, Engert resolved to contact the embassy of the
887:
912:
575:
458:
907:
461:, was instructed by Secretary Hull to express "sincere appreciation" to the United Kingdom for its "prompt and efficient assistance".
347:. Less than two days later, with the Italian Army approaching the city, the emperor and the imperial court evacuated the capital for
902:
400:– were driven to the British legation a few miles away. Remaining to defend the American legation was Engert, his wife, four
852:"A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Ethiopia"
465:
534:
382:
897:
483:
418:
296:. It occurred in early May 1936 following the collapse of the Ethiopian government and the departure of Emperor
700:
664:
583:
587:
336:
312:
304:. The attack forced the temporary abandonment of the compound and the evacuation of its personnel by the
166:
526:
301:
28:
761:
859:
493:
364:
for safekeeping, along with a personal cache of "food and guns" which he donated to the embassy.
626:
47:
488:
454:
450:
206:
8:
429:
417:
arrived and evacuated the remaining Americans to the British legation. Simultaneously,
414:
389:
and then sent back to Addis Ababa, the entire process taking the better part of a day.
324:
220:
79:
696:
660:
530:
519:
348:
800:
731:
425:
287:
123:
361:
851:
796:
766:
727:
474:
The United States terminated its mission in Addis Ababa in the spring of 1937.
406:
377:
344:
340:
297:
137:
719:
881:
825:
756:
621:
283:
173:
105:
788:
434:
421:
393:
305:
75:
331:. By April of the following year, Italian forces had reached as far as
657:
The Avoidable War: Pierre Laval and the Politics of Reality, 1935–1936
381:
no direct contact with the British, it had first to be relayed to the
401:
210:
372:
On Monday, May 3, the chancery was attacked by an organized band of
468:
for not providing for a better defense of the American legation.
437:
and French journalists who were trapped in a collapsed building.
410:
397:
328:
789:"Engbert, Minister to Ethiopia, Nominated for Increase in Rank"
693:
Ethiopia at Bay: A Personal Account of the Haile Selassie Years
386:
373:
332:
292:
351:, a move that was unexpected and resented by many Ethiopians.
413:
legation. Finally, on the morning of May 5, soldiers of the
392:
At 8:30 a.m. on May 4, three open-topped trucks and a
282:
was an assault against the chancery of the embassy of the
622:"A Honolulu Naval Radioman Played Part in Ethiopian War"
893:
Attacks on diplomatic missions of the United States
518:
280:attack on the United States embassy in Addis Ababa
22:Attack on the United States embassy in Addis Ababa
453:in recognition of his efforts during the attack.
923:Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1930s
879:
323:On October 3, 1935, Italy invaded Ethiopia from
128:
918:Attacks on buildings and structures in Ethiopia
96:
16:Attack on the United States embassy in Ethiopia
459:United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom
888:Addis Ababa in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War
720:"Italians Guard U.S. Legation in Addis Ababa"
449:Engert was given a one rank promotion in the
826:"Thanks Expressed for British Protection"
686:
684:
682:
680:
678:
676:
913:20th-century history of the British Army
516:
367:
169:(Minister Resident of the United States)
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114:
880:
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757:"Italian Soldiers Aid U.S. Legation"
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13:
602:
543:
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176:(Ambassador of the United Kingdom)
14:
934:
746:
709:
659:. Transaction. pp. 262–264.
620:Norwood, William (June 5, 1937).
383:United States Department of State
908:Ethiopia–United States relations
484:1975 AIA building hostage crisis
419:United States Secretary of State
130:
116:
98:
58:Collapse of Ethiopian government
903:1936 in international relations
844:
586:. November 2006. Archived from
302:Italian conquest of Addis Ababa
818:
781:
576:"American Legation Under Fire"
354:
343:to present his credentials to
1:
499:
318:
584:University of North Carolina
444:
7:
477:
313:Cornelius Van Hemert Engert
300:from the city prior to the
167:Cornelius Van Hemert Engert
10:
939:
803:. May 11, 1936. p. 28
695:. Tsehai. pp. 66–68.
527:Government Printing Office
29:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
762:The Philadelphia Inquirer
521:Ethiopia: A Country Study
517:Ofcansky, Thomas (1991).
256:
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194:
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161:
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85:
70:
62:
54:
42:
34:
26:
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860:U.S. Department of State
793:Mason City Globe-Gazette
466:Roosevelt administration
898:1936 crimes in Ethiopia
814:(subscription required)
655:Brody, Kenneth (1999).
641:(subscription required)
580:Commentary and Analysis
494:Dolo hospital airstrike
337:Cornelius Van H. Engert
213:, 1 civilian dependent)
74:Americans evacuated by
691:Spencer, John (2006).
627:Honolulu Star-Bulletin
78:, legation secured by
368:Attack and evacuation
252:Casualties and losses
48:Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
590:on November 17, 2012
489:2012 Benghazi attack
455:Robert Worth Bingham
451:U.S. Foreign Service
207:U.S. Foreign Service
424:sent a telegram to
233:Ethiopian civilians
147:Ethiopian civilians
142:Ethiopian civilians
430:Royal Italian Army
415:11th Sikh Regiment
325:Italian Somaliland
221:11th Sikh Regiment
80:Royal Italian Army
349:French Somaliland
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428:requesting the
385:, forwarded to
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362:John H. Spencer
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219:: at least 15 (
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797:newspapers.com
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767:newspapers.com
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728:newspapers.com
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407:submachine gun
378:United Kingdom
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341:Menelik Palace
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298:Haile Selassie
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832:. May 7, 1936
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769:. May 6, 1936
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734:. May 6, 1936
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536:9780844407395
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174:Sidney Barton
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38:May 3–5, 1936
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33:
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25:
20:
875:
865:February 14,
863:. Retrieved
855:
846:
836:February 15,
834:. Retrieved
829:
820:
807:February 14,
805:. Retrieved
792:
783:
773:February 15,
771:. Retrieved
760:
738:February 14,
736:. Retrieved
724:News Journal
723:
692:
656:
634:February 14,
632:. Retrieved
625:
594:February 14,
592:. Retrieved
588:the original
579:
520:
473:
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463:
448:
439:
435:Marcel Junod
422:Cordell Hull
394:British Army
391:
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306:British Army
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279:
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157:Lead figures
110:
76:British Army
630:. p. 1
355:Riots erupt
262:two wounded
71:Resulted in
882:Categories
702:1599070006
666:1412817773
500:References
319:Background
856:state.gov
445:Aftermath
402:U.S. Navy
235:: unknown
211:U.S. Navy
55:Caused by
478:See also
205:: 12 (7
182:unknown
43:Location
27:Part of
830:The Age
411:Belgian
398:cheetah
374:shiftas
329:Eritrea
293:shiftas
286:to the
267:unknown
242:unknown
86:Parties
63:Methods
699:
663:
533:
457:, the
387:London
333:Dessie
190:Number
135:
121:
103:
227:Italy
124:Italy
66:Siege
867:2018
838:2018
809:2018
775:2018
740:2018
697:ISBN
661:ISBN
636:2018
596:2018
531:ISBN
327:and
278:The
229:: 53
209:, 4
172:Sir
35:Date
290:by
884::
858:.
854:.
828:.
799:.
795:.
791:.
765:.
759:.
748:^
730:.
726:.
722:.
711:^
675:^
647:^
624:.
604:^
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578:.
545:^
529:.
525:.
507:^
335:.
308:.
869:.
840:.
811:.
777:.
742:.
705:.
669:.
638:.
598:.
539:.
223:)
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