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901:, a Salvadoran who was formerly one of his most trusted lieutenants, and accused Martí of spying for the Communists. In February 1931, Sandino issued his "Manifest of Light and Truth", which reflected a new millenarian tone in his beliefs. The manifest proclaimed the coming of the Last Judgment, a time of "the destruction of injustice on the earth and the reign of the Spirit of Light and Truth, that is, Love." He said that Nicaragua had been chosen to play a central role in this struggle, and his army was an instrument of divine justice. "The honor has fallen to us, brothers, that in Nicaragua we have been chosen by Divine Justice to begin the prosecution of injustice on earth."
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January 1929, which resulted in cutting off the flow of arms to
Sandino's forces and leaving them increasingly isolated from potential supporters outside Nicaragua. Sandino's army suffered a major blow in February 1929 when Gen. Manuel María Jirón, who masterminded his raids, was captured by U.S. Marines. More defeats for Sandino's army at the hands of the Marines soon followed. In an effort to secure military and financial support, Sandino wrote letters appealing to various Latin American leaders. Sandino looked for aid from revolutionary Mexico, but the country had taken an anti-communist turn under the
701:, Turcios received and distributed Sandino's communiques, manifests and reports; he also acted as his liaison to sympathizers who provided him with arms and volunteers. Working with a number of prominent Nicaraguan exiles, Turcios sought to build support for Sandino's struggle in other Central American nations and in Mexico, which had backed the Liberals during the Constitutionalist War. In Mexico, Sandino's principal representative was the Nicaraguan exile Pedro Zepeda, who had previously served as the liaison between
893:, Trincado's brand of communism was based on a "spiritism of Light and Truth," which he believed would supersede all existing religions in the final stage of human history. This stage, which would arise from the political conflicts of the 20th century, would be the time of the founding of the "universal commune", in which private property and the state would be abolished, the hatred caused by false religions would disappear, and all of humanity would be part of one race (Hispanic) and speak one language (Spanish).
978:'s inauguration as the country's president. During the Marines' tour of duty in Nicaragua, 130 of their men had been killed. After the Marines departed, Sandino said, "I salute the American people." He also vowed that he would never attack a working-class American who visited Nicaragua. Sandino met with Sacasa in Managua in February 1934, pledged his loyalty to him and agreed to order his forces to surrender their weapons within three months. In exchange, Sacasa agreed to give the soldiers who surrendered arms
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Albino mine. Afterward, he traveled to Puerto
Cabezas to meet with Moncada. Because of the guerrilla's hit-and-run operations against Conservative forces, conducted independently of the Liberal army, Moncada distrusted Sandino and told Sacasa so. Sacasa denied the unknown Sandino's requests for weapons and a military commission. But after he captured some rifles from fleeing Conservative soldiers, the other Liberal commanders agreed to grant Sandino a commission.
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Imperialists. I will fight for my cause as long as my heart beats. ... If through destiny I should lose, there are in my arsenal five tons of dynamite which I will explode with my own hand. The noise of the cataclysm will be heard 250 miles. All who hear will be witness that
Sandino is dead. Let it not be permitted that the hands of traitors or invaders shall profane his remains.
935:, killing over 2,000 people. The disruption and the losses the earthquake caused weakened the central government and gave Sandino leverage to revive his fight with the Americans. In the summer of 1931, Sandinista bands were active in every department north of Managua and conducted raids into the southern and western parts of the country, the departments of
772:. The Pan-American Anti-Imperialist League, supervised by the South American Bureau of the Comintern, issued a number of statements in support of Sandino. Within the United States, the U.S. branch of the Anti-Imperialist League publicized opposition to the actions of the U.S. government in Nicaragua. Sandino's half-brother Sócrates, who lived in
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reportedly thought
Sandino was finished and trying to evade capture. One month later, his army ambushed another Marine post and killed five troops. In December 1928 the Marines located Sandino's mother and convinced her to write a letter asking him to surrender. Sandino announced that he would continue to fight until the Marines left Nicaragua.
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claimed to have won the battle in three hours and that 97 Americans were killed and another 60 wounded. In reality only 66 Marines were in the operation. He further boasted the capture of six Lewis machine guns, three M1921 Thompsons and 46 Lewis automatic rifles. Also among these trophies was a codebook for communicating with aircraft.
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Come, you pack of morphine addicts; come to kill us in our own land, and I will await you standing strong at the head of my patriotic soldiers, not caring about how many of you there are; bear in mind that when this happens, the destruction of your greatness will shake the
Capitol in Washington, with
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figure who opposed domination from wealthy elites and foreigners, such as the United States. His opposition to U.S. control was tempered by the love he said he felt toward
Americans like himself. His picture and silhouette, complete with the oversized cowboy hat, were adopted as recognized symbols of
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offered to pay for
Sandino to travel to Europe, but the offer was withdrawn after he refused to issue a statement condemning the Mexican government. In April 1930, as Sandino's relations with the Communists grew increasingly cool, they leaked information suggesting that Sandino was critical of Portes
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in
Chicago. Mr. Capone was uninterested in personally helping Sandino. Mr. Capone then hand delivered the letter to Tony Eduardo Delduca leader of the Purple Gang 1929 to 1935. Mr. Delduca had followed the stories of Sandino in the press and was very proud and honored to help Sandino. The Packard car
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during the height of the rainy season, often having to use native dugout canoes. While these patrols limited
Sandino's forces' movements and secured tenuous control over northern Nicaragua's principal river, the Marines failed to find Sandino or to effect a decisive victory. By April 1928 the Marines
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I will not abandon my resistance until the ... pirate invaders ... assassins of weak peoples ... are expelled from my country. ... I will make them realize that their crimes will cost them dear. ... There will be bloody combat. ... Nicaragua shall not be the patrimony of
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Later
Sandino took the more official title Augusto César Sandino and renamed his insurgents "The Army in Defense of the National Sovereignty of Nicaragua". Efforts by the Marines to kill or capture him over the summer failed. In November 1927, U.S. aircraft succeeded in locating El Chipote, Sandino's
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Sandino's relations with Turcios soured, as Turcios disliked the Junta proposal. Sandino criticized him for siding with Honduras in a border dispute with Guatemala, which Sandino saw as a distraction from the goal of Central American unification. Conflict between the two men led Turcios to resign in
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to be attended by all Latin American nations, which would work toward their political unification as an entity he called the "Indo-Latin American Continental and Antillean Federation". He proposed that the unified entity would resist further domination by the United States and be able to ensure that
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son of Gregorio Sandino, a wealthy landowner of Spanish descent, and Margarita Calderón, an indigenous servant with the Sandino family. He lived with his mother until he was nine years old, when his father took him into his own home and arranged for his education. It was then that young Augusto took
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Venid, gleba de morfinómanos; venid a asesinarnos en nuestra propia tierra, que yo os espero a pie firme al frente de mis patriotas soldados, sin importarme el número de vosotros; pero tened presente que cuando esto suceda, la destrucción de vuestra grandeza trepidará en el Capitolio de Washington,
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biplanes. The Marine commander estimated that 300 of Sandino's men died (the actual number was about 80), while the Marines suffered two casualties, one dead and one wounded, and the Guardia three dead and four taken prisoner. Despite their heavy losses and the lopsided nature of these battles, the
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The following day, the National Guard attacked Sandino's army in force and, over a month, destroyed it. Two years later, General Somoza García forced Sacasa to resign and declared himself President of Nicaragua. He established a dictatorship and dynasty that dominated Nicaragua for the next four
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On 21 February 1934, Sandino; his father; his brother Sócrates; two of his favorite generals, Estranda and Umanzor; and the poet Sofonías Salvatierra, Sacasa's Minister of Agriculture, attended a new round of talks with Sacasa. On leaving Sacasa's Presidential Palace, the six men were stopped in
547:. Sandino took over the mine, which held 500 pounds of dynamite he said was going to use to "kill Yankees", and forcibly drove out all foreigners. This led to foreigners criticizing America and how the Marines deployed in Nicaragua were ordered to protect only American property, not foreigners'.
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Sacasa returned to Nicaragua, arriving in Puerto Cabezas in December, and declared himself president of a "constitutional" government, which Mexico recognized. Sandino assembled a makeshift army composed largely of gold miners, and led a failed attack on the Conservative garrison nearest the San
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Although Sandino had communicated with Trincado only through a series of letters, after his return to Nicaragua, his manifests and his personal affiliations were increasingly shaped by his applying the ideals of the EMECU. He named Tricado as one of his official representatives and replaced the
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and, though they were ambushed in their approach, the American and Nicaraguan troops had no trouble in routing the 400 rebels under Francisco Estrada's leadership. The Marines lost one man while killing 20. Sandino's penchant for exaggeration was evident in his personal report of the events: he
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and were ordered to leave their car. The Guardsmen brushed aside Sandino's father and Salvatierra. They took Sandino, his brother Sócrates, and his two generals to a crossroads section in Larreynaga and executed them. Sandino's remains were buried in the Larreynaga neighborhood of Managua by a
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and the sole military authority of the republic. Following the election of Moncada, Sandino ruled out negotiations with his former rival and declared the elections unconstitutional. In an attempt to outmanoeuvre the general, Sandino expanded his demands to include the restoration of the
554:("country-seller") Moncada. He declared war on the United States, which he called the "Colossus of the North" and "the enemy of our race". At the height of his guerrilla campaign, Sandino claimed to have 3,000 soldiers in his army; in later years, officials estimated the number at 300.
990:, the National Guard leader, and his officers made Sandino unpopular with rank-and-file National Guard troops. Without consulting Sacasa, Somoza García ordered Sandino's assassination in the hope that it would help win him loyalty from the Guard's senior officers.
780:. The Sixth World Congress of the Comintern, meeting in Moscow in the summer of 1928, issued a statement "expressing solidarity with the workers and peasants of Nicaragua and the heroic army of national emancipation of General Sandino". In China, a division of the
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Having addressed his declaration of war to the whole of the "Indo-Hispanic race", Sandino saw his struggle in racial terms, as the defense not only of Nicaragua but of the whole of Latin America. At the beginning of his rebellion, Sandino appointed the
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Burial: witnesses to the execution claimed to have seen the guardsmen force Sandino and the three other captives to the ground and shoot and bury them. Sandino's followers are said to have later exhumed Sandino's body to rebury him in an undisclosed
485:. Having received arms and funding from Mexico, Moncada's Liberal army seemed on the verge of seizing the capital. But the United States, using the threat of military intervention, forced the Liberal generals to agree to a ceasefire.
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Sandino is revered in Nicaragua and in 2010 its congress unanimously named him a "national hero". His political descendants, the icons of his wide-brimmed hat and boots, and his writings from the years of warfare against the
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Cremated: in 1944, ten years after Sandino's assassination, the remains that had been buried in the La Calavera pit were exhumed and taken near the south side of the Tiscapa lagoon to be burned, then their ashes thrown into
481:, where he recruited local peasants for his army and attacked government troops with increasing success. In April Sandino's forces played a vital role in assisting the principal Liberal Army column, which was advancing on
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Sandino's body has never been found, and the full details of his assassination and what became of his remains are among Nicaragua's most enduring mysteries. Some theories about the disposition of Sandino’s body include:
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Foreign Relations of the United States, 1927, Volume III, Assistance by the United States marines in the suppression of bandit activities in Nicaragua, United States, Department of State (U.S.G.P.O., 1942), Document
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on land in the Coco River Valley, require the area to be guarded by 100 Sandinista fighters under the government's orders, and give preference in employment to Sandinistas on public works in northern Nicaragua.
630:, the United States Ambassador to Italy. After destroying the Fletchers' mines, Sandino wrote that he was targeting not just U.S. Marines but also Americans in Nicaragua who "uphold the attitude of Coolidge."
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In 1921 at the age of 26, Sandino shot but failed to kill Dagoberto Rivas, the son of a prominent conservative townsman, who had made disparaging comments about Sandino's mother. As a result, Sandino fled to
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Sandino remained opposed to the Nicaraguan National Guard, which he considered unconstitutional because of its ties to the U.S. military, and insisted on its dissolution. His attitude toward General
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remote mountain headquarters east of San Albino Mine. But when the Marines reached it, they found it abandoned and guarded by straw dummies. Sandino and his followers had long since escaped.
508:(National Guard). U.S. soldiers were to remain in the country to supervise the upcoming November presidential election. A battalion of U.S. Marines under the command of Major General
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Sandino's principal demands were the resignation of President Díaz, withdrawal of U.S. troops, new elections to be supervised by Latin American countries, and the abrogation of the
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and 19th-century rifles, they attempted to besiege the Marines, but were easily repulsed with the help of one of the first dive-bombing attacks in history, conducted by five Marine
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Despite massive efforts, American forces never captured Sandino. His communiqués were regularly published in American media; for instance, he was frequently quoted during 1928 in
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former seal (with an image of a campesino beheading a U.S. Marine) with the symbol of EMECU. His distrust of his former Communist associates led him to break off relations with
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Trophy: according to Sandinista lore, Somoza's assassins decapitated and dismembered Sandino and delivered his severed head to the U.S. government as a token of their loyalty.
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was elected as president, in a process supervised by the United States, which proved a major setback for Sandino's claim to be acting in defense of the Liberal revolution.
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two years later. After being elected president by an overwhelming margin in 1936, Somoza García resumed control of the National Guard and established a dictatorship and
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After the signing of the Espino Negro accord, Sandino refused to order his followers to surrender their weapons, and returned with them to the Segovia Mountains.
1037:. This occurred due to the student protests of the Central University of Managua that took place that year, against the re-election of Somoza to the presidency.
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in 1928 was named "the Sandino brigade." The following June, Sandino appointed a representative to the Second Congress of the World Anti-Imperialist League in
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was drawing to an end. A new "institutional revolutionary" regime was forming, driven by a wide array of popular movements to carry out the provisions of the
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In June 1927, Sandino organised a group of 50 men to march to the San Albino mines in Nueva Segovia, where he was formerly employed by American businessman
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and La Luz gold mines, the two largest mines in the country, both owned by three American brothers: James Gilmore, G. Fred, and D. Watson Fletcher, all of
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has created many portraits of Sandino—whose image was banned by the Somoza dictatorship—and of his associates, adding to the country's iconography.
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Sandino (center) Tony Eduardo Delduca 1910–1985, representing the Purple Gang (right) Mr. Delduca's body guard, Joe (far right) en route to Mexico
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In July 1912, when he was 17, Sandino witnessed an intervention of United States troops in Nicaragua to suppress an uprising against President
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The Banana Wars: A History of United States Military Intervention in Latin America from the Spanish–American War to the Invasion of Panama
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announced that all U.S. soldiers in Nicaragua would be withdrawn after the 1932 election in the country. The newly created Nicaraguan
951:. They briefly managed to occupy several towns along the nation's principal railroad, linking Managua to the Pacific coastal port of
776:, was featured as a speaker at several rallies against American involvement in Nicaragua, which were organized by the League and the
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He made this demand a central component of his political platform. In a letter he wrote in March 1929 to the Argentine President
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enrojeciendo con vuestra sangre la esfera blanca que corona vuestra famosa White House, antro donde maquináis vuestros crímenes.
825:(left) and the Nicaraguan revolutionary Augusto C. Sandino (right), on the roof of the Gran Hotel. Mérida, Mexico, 23 July 1929.
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electrician, the EMECU blended the political ideals of anarchism with a cosmology which was an idiosyncratic synthesis of
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Sandino's radicalism was unwelcome. To appease the United States, the Mexican government confined Sandino to the city of
747:, "Plan for Realizing Bolívar's Dream", Sandino outlined a more ambitious political project. He proposed a conference in
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271:. The United States troops withdrew from the country in 1933 after overseeing the election and inauguration of President
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At the beginning of July 1927, Sandino issued a manifesto condemning the betrayal of the Liberal revolution by the
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460:, who had recently been installed after a coup with United States involvement. The leader of this revolt, General
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on his father's surname, retaining his maternal surname, Calderón, as a middle name represented by the initial C.
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Sandino, Augusto César (1984). "Introduccion, Seleccion y Notas de Sergio Ramirez". In Ramirez, Sergio (ed.).
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your blood reddening the white sphere crowning your famous White House, the cavern where you plot your crimes.
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to stamp it out there ... I wouldn't sacrifice ... one American boy for all the damn Nicaraguans."
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928:), which continued to be commanded by U.S. officers, took over responsibility for controlling insurgencies.
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After failing to negotiate his surrender in exchange for a withdrawal of U.S. troops, the Mexican President
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did not share Coolidge's ambition to capture Sandino and declined to fund operations to do so. U.S. Senator
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had 25 deaths and 50 wounded while killing one Marine, wounding another and seriously injuring a guardsman.
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offered Sandino asylum. The leading guerrilla left Nicaragua in June 1929. In the political climate of the
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magazine during the Marines' offensive. At one point he staged a fake funeral to throw off pursuers. The
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Thomas Paterson, J. Garry Clifford, et al., New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2004 (paperback edition), p. 163
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844:. Living at a hotel, Sandino was still able to maintain contact with his supporters. He traveled to
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would be allowed to finish his term, and a new national army would be established, to be called the
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dynasty that ruled Nicaragua for more than 40 years. Sandino's political legacy was claimed by the
275:, who had returned from exile. He fought alongside the commanders Diego Zapata and Cornelio Bravo.
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1173:) to the people of Nicaragua and to the American armed forces stationed in Nicaragua at that time:
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In 2007, President Daniel Ortega renamed again the airport in honor of Sandino. Nicaraguan artist
1112:, was overthrown by the Sandinistas, political descendants of Sandino. In the 1980s, they renamed
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With aerial support, the Marines made several riverine patrols from Nicaragua's east coast up the
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Prior to the election, Sandino had attempted, with three other marginal factions, to organize a
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Gil's government. Put at risk in Mexico, Sandino left the country and returned to Nicaragua.
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as a special envoy to Nicaragua. Under the terms of the accord, both sides agreed to disarm,
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rebels made other attempts to swarm a small post guarded by 21 Marines and 25 guardsmen at
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made overseas military expeditions too costly for the United States. In January 1931,
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As Sandino's success grew, he began to receive symbolic gestures of support from the
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argued that if American soldiers intended to "stamp out banditry, let's send them to
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1886:(in Spanish). Vol. Tomo 1 (2nd ed.). Managua: Editorial Nueva Nicaragua.
1857:(in Spanish). Mineral de San Albino, Nueva Segovia, Nicaragua: www.sandinovive.org
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Although Sandino had been unable to secure any outside aid for his forces, the
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and met with Portes Gil, but his request for support was quickly rebuffed. The
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after him as "Augusto C. Sandino International Airport." Pro-Somoza President
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from rebels. The Marines carried Zeledón's body on an oxcart to be buried in
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Manifesto a los Nicaragüenses, a los Centroamericanos, a la Raza Indohispana
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Sandino became a hero to many in Nicaragua and much of Latin America as a
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in Managua is instantly recognizable by his emblematic broad-brimmed hat.
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renamed it Managua International Airport in 2001 after coming to power.
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On 4 May 1927, representatives from the two warring factions signed the
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Sandino has been idolized by notable Latin American figures including
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Sandino's Communism: Spiritual Politics For The Twenty-First Century.
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Sandino was assassinated in 1934 by National Guard forces of General
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The Savage Wars of Peace: Small Wars and the Rise of American Power
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Neugebauer, Rhonda L. (1988). "Augusto César Sandino, 1895–1934".
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Blake Schmidt, "Nourishing Family Roots to Help a Campaign Bloom"
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1958:. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press Books. pp.
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Sandino: The Testimony of a Nicaraguan Patriot 1921–1934,
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In an address delivered on 1 July 1927 (now referred to as the
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detachment of National Guard troops under the command of Major
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296:(FSLN), which finally overthrew the Somoza government in 1979.
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During his period in Mexico, he had become a member of the
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in the picture is a present for Sandino from Mr. Delduca.
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Army in Defense of the National Sovereignty of Nicaragua (
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In January 1928 U.S. Marines found Sandino's war base in
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Sandinista: Carlos Fonseca and the Nicaraguan Revolution
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In April the Sandinistas destroyed the equipment of the
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Ejército Defensor de la Soberanía Nacional de Nicaragua
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Magnetic-Spiritualist School of the Universal Commune
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began when Liberal soldiers in the Caribbean port of
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609:, Sandino smuggled a message to Mexico City saying:
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Testimony of a Nicaraguan Patriot, 1921–1934,
1372:, Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1993
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729:. In an organizing pact, Sandino took the role of
255:, his exploits made him a hero throughout much of
251:. Despite being referred to as a "bandit" by the
30:"Sandino" redirects here. For the Cuban town, see
1925:Ramírez, Sergio and Conrad, Robert Edgar trans.,
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448:Shortly after Sandino returned to Nicaragua, the
304:continue to shape Nicaragua's national identity.
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27:Nicaraguan anti-US-occupation leader (1895–1934)
2069:Newspaper clippings about Augusto César Sandino
2056:Collection of articles and photos about Sandino
809:. Sandino also wrote a letter that was sent to
55: and the second or maternal family name is
1943:Editorial Nueva Nicaragua (1995). In Spanish.
1620:translated by Robert Edgar Conrad, pp. 105–06
235:; 18 May 1895 – 21 February 1934), full name
2062:The Sandino Rebellion in Nicaragua 1927–1934
1936:: extensive discussion of Iran–Contra affair
1454:, 16 January 1928, accessed 12 December 2012
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569:was sent to apprehend him at the village of
456:revolted against the Conservative President
259:, where he became a symbol of resistance to
1950:(2001). "The Sandino Writings, 1970–1974".
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1331:"Esteban Pavletich y Augusto César Sandino"
756:would remain under Latin American control.
421:of Mexico's revolution and the ideology of
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1946:
1934:Veil: The Secret Wars of the CIA 1981–1987
1833:Sandino – Miguel Littin (1990, in Spanish)
1319:, (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1967) p. 49.
312:Augusto Calderón was born 18 May 1895, in
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2122:National Heroines and Heroes of Nicaragua
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1231:Sandinistas: The Party and the Revolution
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1485:, 28 May 1928, accessed 12 December 2012
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1884:Augusto C. Sandino: el pensamiento vivo
1881:
1470:, 7 May 1928, accessed 12 December 2012
1329:Augusto Lostanau Moscol (22 May 2023).
1236:
348:died that year on 4 October during the
14:
2084:
1265:
1101:in Colombia, the Sandinistas, and the
518:
332:, regarded by many as a United States
1849:Augusto César Sandino (1 July 1927).
1763:"Nicaragua: Murder at the Crossroads"
1748:
1726:
1566:A Companion to Latin American History
1537:American Foreign Relations: A History
1488:
1457:
1398:, 1 July 1927, Latin American Studies
1344:
249:United States occupation of Nicaragua
2132:Nicaraguan people of Spanish descent
1920:Sandino: Messiah of Light and Truth.
1530:
1440:
1190:Sandinista National Liberation Front
1068:Sandinista National Liberation Front
999:their car at the main gate by local
966:Somoza and Sandino in February 1933.
523:During this period, Sandino married
364:Attempted murder and exile in Mexico
294:Sandinista National Liberation Front
2064:: a collection of primary documents
738:United Provinces of Central America
24:
1977:
1251:. New York: MacMillan Publishing.
904:
539:Declaring war on the United States
282:, who went on to seize power in a
247:between 1927 and 1933 against the
25:
2163:
2015:
1929:Princeton University Press (1990)
1922:Syracuse University Press (2002).
1394:Augusto César Sandino's Manifesto
1078:, among others, and later led by
417:revolutionaries. He embraced the
1941:Sandino: Una biografía política,
1904:University of Texas Press (1992)
1704:"The Cabinet: Logtown and After"
1480:"Nicaragua: Pirates: Samaritans"
1306:, Expressions of Central America
1053:Sandino's 59-foot silhouette at
889:. Rejecting both capitalism and
605:After reaching the mountains of
557:On 16 July, Sandino's followers
475:By 1927 Sandino had returned to
397:. Sandino was involved with the
237:Augusto Nicolás Calderón Sandino
213:
85:Augusto Nicolás Calderón Sandino
1911:Duke University Press. (1985) .
1825:
1808:
1785:
1710:. 27 April 1931. Archived from
1696:
1680:. 20 April 1931. Archived from
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1650:. 13 April 1931. Archived from
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760:Solidarity with foreign nations
693:poet, journalist and diplomat,
683:
154:Nicaraguan revolutionary leader
1769:. 5 March 1934. Archived from
1375:
1322:
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1290:
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1212:
667:Efforts at winning recognition
496:, appointed by U.S. President
13:
1:
2142:People from Masaya Department
2117:1934 murders in North America
2022:Augusto C. Sandino, 1895–1934
1674:"Nicaragua: Man after Nature"
1642:"Nicaragua: End of a Capital"
1464:"Nicaragua: Brothers' Plight"
1205:
1114:Managua International Airport
821:The Salvadoran revolutionary
436:Emergence as guerrilla leader
307:
2147:People murdered in Nicaragua
1366:"US Intervention, 1909-1933"
933:earthquake destroyed Managua
705:and the Mexican government.
399:Seventh-day Adventist Church
263:. Sandino drew units of the
232:[awˈɣustosesanˈdino]
47:, the first or paternal
7:
2073:20th Century Press Archives
1183:
1130:The Chilean-Spanish biopic
567:Nicaraguan Guardia Nacional
432:heritage of Latin America.
381:, where he found work at a
10:
2168:
2137:Nicaraguan revolutionaries
2102:1930s murders in Nicaragua
1816:Sandino (1990) Trailer VHS
1554:American Foreign Relations
1370:Nicaragua: A Country Study
1200:Nicaragua v. United States
525:Blanca Stella Aráuz Pineda
385:refinery near the port of
265:United States Marine Corps
202:Blanca Stella Aráuz Pineda
42:
34:. Not to be confused with
29:
2152:People of the Banana Wars
2127:Nicaraguan murder victims
1987:Reference Services Review
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1233:. Mass.: Basil Blackwell
1110:Anastasio Somoza Debayle
993:
856:
320:, Nicaragua. He was the
253:United States government
2043:WAIS Forum on Nicaragua
1243:Musicant, Ivan (1990).
1229:Gilbert, Dennis, 1988.
1125:Róger Pérez de la Rocha
988:Anastasio Somoza García
970:In accordance with the
915:U.S. Secretary of State
850:Mexican Communist Party
626:, who were brothers of
573:. Armed primarily with
350:Battle of Coyotepe Hill
280:Anastasio Somoza García
228:Latin American Spanish:
2052:at Stanford University
2027:A.C. Sandino Biography
1914:Navarro-Génie, Marco.
1431:Neill W. Macaulay, Jr.
1179:
1108:In 1979 Somoza's son,
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445:
2035:Article about Sandino
1541:Since 1895, Volume 2,
1297:Augusto Cesar Sandino
1174:
1070:, founded in 1961 by
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965:
820:
807:Plutarco Elías Calles
710:Bryan–Chamorro Treaty
679:from Sandino's forces
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586:. The 200 assaulting
450:Constitutionalist War
443:
224:Augusto César Sandino
66:Augusto César Sandino
1219:sandinorebellion.com
1171:San Albino Manifesto
1136:(1990), directed by
1010:Roberto Duarte Solis
976:Juan Bautista Sacasa
972:Good Neighbor Policy
865:(EMECU). Founded in
778:U.S. Communist Party
529:San Rafael del Norte
466:Juan Bautista Sacasa
428:which glorified the
273:Juan Bautista Sacasa
261:American imperialism
1939:Wünderich, Volker.
1909:The Sandino Affair.
1773:on 25 November 2010
1714:on 15 December 2008
1684:on 15 December 2008
1368:, Tim Merrill, ed.
675:A flag captured by
519:Marriage and family
490:Espino Negro accord
267:into an undeclared
239:, was a Nicaraguan
133:Cause of death
125:Larreynaga, Managua
2048:2012-10-21 at the
1900:Hodges, Donald C.
1805:, 19 February 2000
1797:2014-04-09 at the
1552:Patterson (2004),
1447:"Nicaragua: Defy!"
1317:The Sandino Affair
1302:2013-03-08 at the
1287:, 15 February 2011
1284:The New York Times
1146:Kris Kristofferson
1142:Joaquim de Almeida
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1001:National Guardsmen
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714:José María Moncada
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462:José María Moncada
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391:Mexican Revolution
18:Augusto C. Sandino
2107:1934 in Nicaragua
1654:on 6 January 2008
1258:978-0-02-588210-2
980:squatters' rights
831:Emilio Portes Gil
784:army that seized
745:Hipólito Yrigoyen
653:Burton K. Wheeler
628:Henry P. Fletcher
395:1917 Constitution
318:Masaya Department
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103:Masaya Department
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725:to be headed by
506:Guardia Nacional
494:Henry L. Stimson
492:, negotiated by
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236:
223:
222:
171:
119:(1934-02-21)
56:
52:
45:Spanish name
40:
2097:1934 deaths
2092:1895 births
2038:(in Polish)
1095:Hugo Chávez
1087:Che Guevara
1076:Tomás Borge
1016:'s tenure.
869:in 1911 by
846:Mexico City
699:Tegucigalpa
588:Sandinistas
552:vendepatria
458:Adolfo Díaz
424:Indigenismo
330:Adolfo Díaz
314:Niquinohomo
285:coup d'état
127:, Nicaragua
99:Niquinohomo
95:18 May 1895
2086:Categories
1792:"Cultural"
1414:, p. 236,
1206:References
1063:Robin Hood
957:Chinandega
891:Bolshevism
782:Kuomintang
635:Coco River
430:indigenous
405:gurus and
336:. General
308:Early life
174:, or EDSN)
91:1895-05-18
2007:0090-7324
1777:18 August
1718:18 August
1688:18 August
1658:18 August
1616:Sandino:
1195:Nicaragua
1029:location.
1020:decades.
949:Chontales
887:Spiritism
811:Al Capone
790:Frankfurt
770:Comintern
624:Manhattan
584:Telpaneca
415:communist
411:anarchist
403:spiritist
375:Guatemala
245:rebellion
208:Signature
179:Opponents
146:1927–1933
107:Nicaragua
2046:Archived
1916:Augusto
1795:Archived
1408:Max Boot
1300:Archived
1184:See also
941:Jinotega
883:Kabbalah
836:Maximato
803:de facto
768:and the
691:Honduran
575:machetes
565:and the
559:attacked
533:Jinotega
371:Honduras
358:Catarina
346:Jinotega
167:Movement
57:Calderón
43:In this
2075:of the
2071:in the
1861:8 March
1838:YouTube
1821:YouTube
1133:Sandino
953:Corinto
786:Beijing
661:Chicago
657:Montana
620:Bonanza
599:Quilalí
483:Managua
387:Tampico
373:, then
162:Liberal
53:Sandino
49:surname
2005:
1966:
1962:–161.
1437:p. 113
1418:
1255:
1164:Quotes
1045:Legacy
937:Estelí
875:Basque
842:Mérida
805:ruler
727:Zepeda
703:Sacasa
571:Ocotal
379:Mexico
354:Masaya
334:puppet
198:Spouse
36:Sandin
1918:César
1895:Texts
994:Death
857:EMECU
722:junta
2003:ISSN
1964:ISBN
1863:2014
1779:2014
1767:Time
1743:Time
1720:2014
1708:Time
1690:2014
1678:Time
1660:2014
1647:Time
1605:Time
1592:Time
1579:Time
1525:Time
1512:Time
1499:Time
1483:Time
1468:Time
1451:Time
1416:ISBN
1382:453.
1338:2023
1253:ISBN
1156:and
1103:FMLN
1099:FARC
1093:and
1074:and
1066:the
947:and
945:León
885:and
873:, a
644:Time
502:Díaz
413:and
302:USMC
114:Died
81:Born
2077:ZBW
1995:doi
1960:143
1836:on
1819:on
655:of
340:of
51:is
2088::
2001:.
1991:16
1989:.
1865:.
1801:,
1765:.
1750:^
1728:^
1706:.
1676:.
1644:.
1539:,
1490:^
1466:,
1433:,
1410:,
1346:^
1281:,
1267:^
1160:.
1152:,
1148:,
1089:,
1082:.
959:.
943:,
939:,
881:,
792:.
740:.
535:.
531:,
468:.
409:,
401:,
360:.
316:,
105:,
101:,
2009:.
1997::
1972:.
1855:"
1851:"
1781:.
1722:.
1692:.
1662:.
1396:"
1392:"
1340:.
1261:.
924:(
838:,
426:,
226:(
93:)
89:(
59:.
38:.
20:)
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