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success and there was demand for sixty thousand copies of the second issue. However, the small Platen printing press being used for the magazine was only able to print one page at a time, making it impractical and almost impossible to print sixty thousand copies on that equipment. Harris went in search of a new printing press, looking through the remains of villages that had been shelled. Most of the machines that he came across had been too badly damaged, but Harris was able to pull one from the wreckage at
Dunkirk. The machine had been damaged but was brought back to life by the Australian troops. Harris still faced the challenge of sourcing enough paper to print the magazine, collecting it from various ruined printing works near the Line and a paper mill near Saint Omer. As the magazine continued, sourcing paper remained an issue until Harris discovered a printing works in a cellar in Armentieres. Harris had picked up on a consistent habit of printers to move their machinery and supplies into basements as warfare moved through the towns and so searched through the ruins of Armentieres until he came across the printing works and ten tons of paper, enabling the printing of 100,000 copies of the third issue of
166:. With this many copies of the third issue, Harris was unable to get a sufficient labour to fold the sheets of the magazine. Harris searched through a number of towns for a folding machine but came up empty handed. It wasn't until one was donated by Lady McIlwraith that the third issue was able to be completed. Sourcing paper remained an issue for Harris, until he eventually approached Brig-General Dodds with his problem. Dodds organised with the War Office to send three tons of paper per issue from London.
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100:, which was only in print for three months, following which Harris presented the idea of making a magazine for Australian troops on the front-line. Despite facing the extreme difficulties of finding an adequate supply of paper and skilled help, Harris was able to print 10,000 copies of the first issue of
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to Major-General Sir C.B.B. White who was then Chief-of-Staff of the
Australian Corps, and Harris was given the go-ahead to put together the trench magazine. Harris then created one of the most successful wartime magazines and brought it back to Australian shores after the war. In 1922 Lieut. Harris
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was printed in the field at Fletre on
January 18, 1918. Ten thousand copies were printed of the sixteen page volume. For most of its wartime publication the magazine was wholly put together by Lieut. Phillip Harris with the help of a member of Harris' battalion, Bill Littleton. The first issue found
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heavy use of slang, which Harris referred to as 'Slanguage', that was both written and read by
Australian soldiers helped to create a sense of separate national character from that of the British or American soldiers. Well used slang terms included "'cobber', 'dinkum', and 'furphy'" (Laugesen, 16),
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attempted to move further into civilian life, at first mimicking the wartime magazine before altering its layout to incorporate more lifestyle feature articles and women's pages. In 1923 Harris was succeeded as publisher by the husband of Henry Lawson's daughter Bertha, Walter Jago, as editor. Jago
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created the character of 'Dave' who was a witty bushman, the quintessential returned digger now supporting the
Australian pastoral community. This was coupled with articles and cartoons that dealt with the returned servicemen's struggle to return to work or to start new careers after the war. Many
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Before the fourth issue was printed the printing plant was moved from Fletre to
Fauquembergues, both of which were subsequently bombed by German forces in April, 1918. The press was damaged, but remained in working order. To ensure the accurate representation of soldiers on the front line, Harris
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and was to retain the good humour, stories and cartoons that made the field magazine so popular and sustain that digger culture and community. It was only ever intended as a commercial magazine of good humour, opinions and literary works and commentary. It was published by one of Sydney's major
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Book
Publishers, were the ones to approach the state government to request a state funeral for the famous Australian writer, Henry Lawson. The request was turned down but Harris persisted and joined with Mary Gilmore to take the request all the way to the Prime Minister of Australia,
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It was started in 1918 by Lieut. Phillip L. Harris, a former journalist who was to become its first and only editor. Harris acquired a small printing plant and accessories from various firms in Sydney and
Melbourne in 1914, and the press was first used on the troopship
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of slang which was labelled as 'For the use of those at Home'. Harris knew the
Australian digger as a man who would put humour into everything. A man whose humour was "more spontaneous than that of the Yank… the Yank was funny, the Aussie witty" (Harris, 3)
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was a magazine for
Australian soldiers, made by Australian soldiers and as Sir Colin Hines put it, the magazine "shows in its humour, pathos, and tales of comradeship, the spirit which created the entity of the Australian at War" (Harris, i)
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Printing Section. The publication was an incredible endeavour that helped to celebrate the distinctive Australian identity at war, as well as shaping a sense of community and played a significant role in articulating what it meant to be a
141:. But the majority of Aussie's content came from the diggers (soldiers) themselves. Harris claimed that the articles within the magazine were stories from the soldiers, and he "merely caught them and put them on to paper".
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had reached the original's circulation of 100,000 before the magazine readership began to decline, leading to its eventual collapse in 1932. In a promotion of the returned soldiers continued honour as exemplary citizens,
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began in November, 1914 when Harris first collected the small Platen printing plant and accessories from various firms in Sydney and Melbourne before heading off to war. At the end of 1917 Harris pitched the idea of
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had a circulation of 80-100,000 and a reputation as the leading Australian troop publication, being praised as "'the most remarkable trench paper on any front during the war'" (Laugesen, 15).
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returned soldiers were dealing with varying forms of post-traumatic stress or were simply returned to their previous employment to find their job now belonged to someone else.
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was an extremely significant publication in Australian history – one that created and nurtured national identity and pride for Australian soldiers fighting in France during
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didn't employ permanent staff writers or artists, instead continuing its previous set up of featuring freelance submissions. Some of the better known contributors included
108:. The thirteen issues of the magazine were sold to the troops for ten centimes a copy, with much of the proceeds going to the A.I.F Trust Fund, and to raise money for
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would travel by lorry or troop-train to the frontline to gather his material from the troops for following issues. The final three issues of the wartime
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Laugesen, Amanda. "Aussie Magazine and the Making of Digger Culture during the Great War." National Library of Australia News 14, no. 2 (2003): 15-18.
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Harris, Phillip L. and Australia. Australian Army. Australian Imperial Force (1914-1921). "Aussie: The Australian Soldier's Magazine." Aussie (1920).
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Chapman, Jane. "The Aussie 1918-1931: Cartoons, Digger Remembrance and First World War Identity." Journalism Studies 17, no. 4 (2016): 415-431.
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Carter, David. "'Esprit De Nation' and Popular Modernity: Aussie Magazine 1920–1931," History Australia, 5:3, (2008) 74.1-74.22.
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Lindesay, Vane. The Way We Were: Australian Popular Magazines 1856 to 1969. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1983.
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press, type and accessories, and a small amount of paper. In 1916 the press was then used to produce a paper called
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Chapman, Jane (2016). ""The Aussie 1918-1931: Cartoons, Digger Remembrance and First World War Identity"".
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Harris, Phillip L. "Aussie Dictionary." Aussie: The Australian Soldiers Magazine, no.1 (1918): 10-11.
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Laugesen, Amanda (2003). ""Aussie Magazine and the Making of Digger Culture during the Great War."".
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The magazine contained some biographical clips and works by well-known Australian writers such as
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featured colour covers, and a thicker issue of sixty-one larger pages printed on quality paper.
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Carter, David (2008). ""'Esprit De Nation' and Popular Modernity: Aussie Magazine 1920–1931"".
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magazine were then printed in Marchienne-au-Pont after the Armistice. By the end of the war
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from George Street in Sydney. Harris was also a contributor to other publications such as
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Aussie Magazine Issue 7, printed September 1918 on the WWI Battlefields in France.
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Lieutenant Phillip Harris was a journalist from a publishing family who ran the
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had previously been working as a freelance writer and editor of the
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Moorhouse, Frank. The Drover's Wife. North Sydney: Knopf, 2017.
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396:. Western Australia: Veritas Publishing Company. pp. i-3.
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The Way We Were: Australian Popular Magazines 1856 to 1969
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394:"Aussie: The Australian Soldier's Magazine." Aussie
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513:Categories
328:References
255:The Editor
207:. The new
125:C.J Dennis
271:Lone Hand
236:Lone Hand
300:Aussie's
86:Ceramic
71:by the
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90:Honk!
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