4589:. Since the Poles were at first unyielding, Ruthenian demonstrations and strikes of students arose, and the Ruthenians were no longer content with the reversion of a few separate professorial chairs, and with parallel courses of lectures. By a pact concluded on 28 January 1914 the Poles promised a Ruthenian university; but owing to the war the question lapsed. The Italians could hardly claim a university of their own on grounds of population (in 1910 they numbered 783,000), but they claimed it all the more on grounds of their ancient culture. All parties were agreed that an Italian faculty of laws should be created; the difficulty lay in the choice of the place. The Italians demanded Trieste; but the Government was afraid to let this Adriatic port become the centre of an irredenta; moreover the Southern Slavs of the city wished it kept free from an Italian educational establishment. Bienerth in 1910 brought about a compromise; namely, that it should be founded at once, the situation to be provisionally in Vienna, and to be transferred within four years to Italian national territory. The German National Union (Nationalverband) agreed to extend temporary hospitality to the Italian university in Vienna, but the Southern Slav Hochschule Club demanded a guarantee that a later transfer to the coast provinces should not be contemplated, together with the simultaneous foundation of Slovene professorial chairs in Prague and Cracow, and preliminary steps towards the foundation of a Southern Slav university in Laibach. But in spite of the constant renewal of negotiations for a compromise it was impossible to arrive at any agreement, until the outbreak of war left all the projects for a Ruthenian university at Lemberg, a Slovene one in Laibach, and a second Czech one in Moravia, unrealized.
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after a half millennium in 1912. They had four faculties: theology, law, philosophy and medicine (the university at Zagreb was without a faculty of medicine). There were in addition ten high schools of law, called academies, which in 1900 were attended by 1,569 pupils. The
Polytechnicum in Budapest, founded in 1844, which contained four faculties and was attended in 1900 by 1,772 pupils, was also considered a high school. There were in Hungary in 1900 forty-nine theological colleges, twenty-nine Catholic, five Greek Uniat, four Greek Orthodox, ten Protestant and one Jewish. Among special schools the principal mining schools were at SelmeczbĂĄnya, NagyĂĄg and FelsĆbĂĄnya; the principal agricultural colleges at Debreczen and KolozsvĂĄr; and there was a school of forestry at SelmeczbĂĄnya, military colleges at Budapest, Kassa, DĂ©va and Zagreb, and a naval school at Fiume. There were in addition a number of training institutes for teachers and a large number of schools of commerce, several art schools â for design, painting, sculpture, and music.
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Meanwhile, economic conditions on the homefront deteriorated rapidly. The Empire depended on agriculture, and agriculture depended on the heavy labor of millions of men who were now in the Army. Food production fell, the transportation system became overcrowded, and industrial production could not successfully handle the overwhelming need for munitions. Germany provided a great deal of help, but it was not enough. Furthermore, the political instability of the multiple ethnic groups of Empire now ripped apart any hope for national consensus in support of the war. Increasingly there was a demand for breaking up the Empire and setting up autonomous national states based on historic language-based cultures. The new
Emperor sought peace terms from the Allies, but his initiatives were vetoed by Italy.
4754:(Bank of issue) was founded as Austrian National Bank in 1816. In 1878, it transformed into Austro-Hungarian National Bank with principal offices in both Vienna and Budapest. The central bank was governed by alternating Austrian or Hungarian governors and vice-governors. Austria-Hungary also became the world's third-largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances, electric industrial appliances, and power generation apparatus for power plants, after the United States and the German Empire, and it constructed Europe's second-largest railway network, after the German Empire. In 2000, a study estimated that GDP in constant national prices in 1913 was 19,140.8 million for Cisleithania and 10,971.6 million for Transleithania, a combined 30,112.4 million
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considerably, as sustained modernization had begun much later. Like the German Empire, that of
AustriaâHungary frequently employed liberal economic policies and practices. In 1873, the old Hungarian capital Buda and Ăbuda (Ancient Buda) were officially merged with the third city, Pest, thus creating the new metropolis of Budapest. The dynamic Pest grew into Hungary's administrative, political, economic, trade and cultural hub. Many of the state institutions and the modern administrative system of Hungary were established during this period. Economic growth centered on Vienna and Budapest, the Austrian lands (areas of modern Austria), the Alpine region and the Bohemian lands. In the later years of the 19th century, rapid economic growth spread to the central
4410:. Jews accounted for 54% of commercial business owners, 85% of financial institution directors and owners in banking, and 62% of all employees in commerce, 20% of all general grammar school students, and 37% of all commercial scientific grammar school students, 31.9% of all engineering students, and 34.1% of all students in human faculties of the universities. Jews accounted for 48.5% of all physicians, and 49.4% of all lawyers/jurists in Hungary. Note: The numbers of Jews were reconstructed from religious censuses. They did not include the people of Jewish origin who had converted to Christianity, or the number of atheists. Among many Hungarian parliament members of Jewish origin, the most famous Jewish members in Hungarian political life were
5251:
4406:. Of the pre-World War I military forces of the major European powers, the Austro-Hungarian army was almost alone in its regular promotion of Jews to positions of command. While the Jewish population of the lands of the Dual Monarchy was about 5%, Jews made up nearly 18% of the reserve officer corps. Thanks to the modernity of the constitution and to the benevolence of emperor Franz Joseph, the Austrian Jews came to regard the era of AustriaâHungary as a golden era of their history. By 1910 about 900,000 religious Jews made up approximately 5% of the population of Hungary and about 23% of Budapest's citizenry. In the Austro-Hungarian Empire the generally fiercely patriotic Hungarian Jews were securing the tenuous Hungarian majority in the
3300:
4926:. In 1890 most large Hungarian private railway companies were nationalized as a consequence of the poor management of private companies, except the strong Austrian-owned Kaschau-Oderberg Railway (KsOd) and the Austrian-Hungarian Southern Railway (SB/DV). They also joined the zone tariff system of the MĂV (Hungarian State Railways). By 1910, the total length of the rail networks of Hungarian Kingdom reached 22,869 kilometres (14,210 miles), the Hungarian network linked more than 1,490 settlements. Nearly half (52%) of the empire's railways were built in Hungary, thus the railroad density there became higher than that of Cisleithania. This has ranked Hungarian railways the 6th most dense in the world (ahead of Germany and France).
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widespread in post offices and railway stations. AustriaâHungary had 568 million telephone calls in 1913; only two
Western European countries had more phone calls: the German Empire and the United Kingdom. The Austro-Hungarian Empire was followed by France with 396 million telephone calls and Italy with 230 million phone calls. In 1916, there were 366 million telephone calls in Cisleithania, among them 8.4 million long distant calls. All telephone exchanges of the cities, towns and larger villages in Transleithania were linked until 1893. By 1914, more than 2000 settlements had telephone exchange in Kingdom of Hungary.
4613:. None of these medieval universities survived the Ottoman wars. Nagyszombat University was founded in 1635 and moved to Buda in 1777 and it is called Eötvös LorĂĄnd University today. The world's first institute of technology was founded in SelmecbĂĄnya, Kingdom of Hungary (since 1920 BanskĂĄ Ć tiavnica, now Slovakia) in 1735. Its legal successor is the University of Miskolc in Hungary. The Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME) is considered the oldest institute of technology in the world with university rank and structure. Its legal predecessor the Institutum Geometrico-Hydrotechnicum was founded in 1782 by Emperor Joseph II.
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82:
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on by the
Austrian and Hungarian parliaments and was generally determined on the basis of the population, according to the last census returns. It amounted in 1905 to 103,100 men, of which Austria furnished 59,211 men, and Hungary 43,889. Besides 10,000 men were annually allotted to the Austrian Landwehr, and 12,500 to the Hungarian Honved. The term of service was two years (three years in the cavalry) with the colours, seven or eight in the reserve and two in the Landwehr; in the case of men not drafted to the active army the same total period of service was spent in various special reserves.
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the army had become commonplace. As the war went on, the ethnic unity declined; the Allies encouraged breakaway demands from minorities and the Empire faced disintegration. With apparent Allied victory approaching, nationalist movements seized ethnic resentment to erode social unity. The military breakdown of the
Italian front marked the start of the rebellion for the numerous ethnicities who made up the multiethnic Empire, as they refused to keep on fighting for a cause that now appeared senseless. The Emperor had lost much of his power to rule, as his realm disintegrated.
967:
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165:
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prompted the development of the
Austrian merchant marine. By 1913, the commercial marine of Austria, comprised 16,764 vessels with a tonnage of 471,252, and crews number-ing 45,567. Of the total (1913) 394 of 422,368 tons were steamers, and 16,370 of 48,884 tons were sailing vessels The Austrian Lloyd was one of the biggest ocean shipping companies of the time. Prior to the beginning of World War I, the company owned 65 middle-sized and large steamers. The Austro-Americana owned one third of this number, including the biggest Austrian passenger ship, the SS
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3827:, concluded that Karl's position was untenable. Lammasch persuaded Karl that the best course was to relinquish, at least temporarily, his right to exercise sovereign authority. On 11 November, Karl issued a carefully worded proclamation in which he recognized the Austrian people's right to determine the form of the state and "relinquish(ed) every participation" in Austrian state affairs. On the day after he announced his withdrawal from Austrian politics, the German-Austrian National Council proclaimed the
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3388:. The invasion of Serbia in 1914 was a disaster: by the end of the year, the Austro-Hungarian Army had taken no territory, but had lost 227,000 out of a total force of 450,000 men. However, in the autumn of 1915, the Serbian Army was defeated by the Central Powers, which led to the occupation of Serbia. Near the end of 1915, in a massive rescue operation involving more than 1,000 trips made by Italian, French and British steamers, 260,000 Serb surviving soldiers were transported to
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Bosnia and
Herzegovina, a predominantly Slavic area. Austria occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina as a way of gaining power in the Balkans. Serbia, Montenegro and Romania became fully independent. Nonetheless, the Balkans remained a site of political unrest with teeming ambition for independence and great power rivalries. At the Congress of Berlin in 1878 Gyula AndrĂĄssy (Minister of Foreign Affairs) managed to force Russia to retreat from further demands in the Balkans. As a result,
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removed the pro-German officials and opened peace overtures to the Allies, whereby the entire war could be ended by compromise, or perhaps
Austria would make a separate peace from Germany. The main effort was vetoed by Italy, which had been promised large slices of Austria for joining the Allies in 1915. Austria was only willing to turn over the Trentino region but nothing more. Karl was seen as a defeatist, which weakened his standing at home and with both the Allies and
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3454:, recognizing the numerical inferiority of the Austro-Hungarian army. By the end of September 1916, AustriaâHungary mobilized and concentrated new divisions, and the successful Russian advance was halted and slowly repelled; but the Austrian armies took heavy losses (about 1 million men) and never recovered. Nevertheless, the huge losses in men and material inflicted on the Russians during the offensive contributed greatly to the
3121:
Bulgarians, who turned instead to Russia and Serbia. Although
Austria had no intention to embark on additional expansion to the south, Aehrenthal encouraged speculation to that effect, expecting that it would paralyze the Balkan states. Instead, it incited them to feverish activity to create a defensive block to stop Austria. A series of grave miscalculations at the highest level thus significantly strengthened Austria's enemies.
8464:"The kingdom of Hungary desired equal status with the Austrian empire, which was weakened by its defeat in the German (Austro-Prussian) War of 1866. The Austrian emperor Francis Joseph gave Hungary full internal autonomy, together with a responsible ministry, and in return it agreed that the empire should still be a single great state for purposes of war and foreign affairs, thus maintaining its dynastic prestige abroad."
2913:
3396:, where they waited for the chance of the victory of Allied Powers to reclaim their country. Corfu hosted the Serbian government in exile after the collapse of Serbia and served as a supply base to the Greek front. In April 1916 a large number of Serbian troops were transported in British and French naval vessels from Corfu to mainland Greece. The contingent numbering over 120,000 relieved a much smaller army at the
4107:
1119:. Following the 1867 reforms, the Austrian and Hungarian states were co-equal in power. The two countries conducted unified diplomatic and defence policies. For these purposes, "common" ministries of foreign affairs and defence were maintained under the monarch's direct authority, as was a third finance ministry responsible only for financing the two "common" portfolios. A third component of the union was the
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Slavs and Orthodox Christians. Austria envisioned a multi-ethnic, religiously diverse empire under Vienna's control. Count Gyula AndrĂĄssy, a Hungarian who was Foreign Minister (1871â1879), made the centerpiece of his policy one of opposition to Russian expansion in the Balkans and blocking Serbian ambitions to dominate a new South Slav federation. He wanted Germany to ally with Austria, not Russia.]
5396:(between the victors and Hungary) regulated the new borders of Austria and Hungary, reducing them to small-sized and landlocked states. In regard to areas without a decisive national majority, the Entente powers ruled in many cases in favour of the newly emancipated independent nation-states, enabling them to claim vast territories containing sizeable German- and Hungarian-speaking populations. The
4303:, a small ethnic group composed by around 2,600 people in the 1880s, suffered severe discrimination. The Croats of the region, who formed the majority, tried to assimilate them, while the Italian minority supported them in their requests for self-determination. In 1888, the possibility of opening the first school for the Istro-Romanians teaching in the Romanian language was discussed in the
11107:
3370:" of army deserters formed armed bands in the hills of Croatia-Slavonia and civil authority disintegrated. By late October violence and massive looting erupted and there were efforts to form peasant republics. However, the Croatian political leadership was focused on creating a new state (Yugoslavia) and worked with the advancing Serbian army to impose control and end the uprisings.
3719:, had decisive influence over the internal and external affairs of the monarchy. By late 1916, food supply from Hungary became intermittent and the government sought an armistice with the Entente powers. However, this failed as Britain and France no longer had any regard for the integrity of the monarchy because of Austro-Hungarian support for Germany.
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deputies demanded it). Beginning with the 1879 Primary Education Act and the 1883 Secondary Education Act, the Hungarian state made more efforts to reduce the use of non-Magyar languages, in strong violation of the 1868 Nationalities Law. After 1875, all Slovak language schools higher than elementary were closed, including the only three high schools
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Bohemia and Moravia a separation into German and Czech ones. Thus Germans, Czechs and Poles were provided for. But now the smaller nations also made their voices heard: the Ruthenians, Slovenes and Italians. The Ruthenians demanded at first, in view of the predominantly Ruthenian character of rural East Galicia, a national partition of the Polish
5158:(originally the "Franz Joseph Underground Electric Railway Company") is the second oldest underground railway in the world (the first being the London Underground's Metropolitan Line and the third being Glasgow), and the first on the European mainland. It was built from 1894 to 1896 and opened on 2 May 1896. In 2002, it was listed as a
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5276:, today part of Croatia), where the Hungarian shipping companies, such as the Adria, operated. The commercial marine of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1913 comprised 545 vessels of 144,433 tons, and crews numbering 3,217. Of the total number of vessels 134,000 of 142,539 tons were steamers, and 411 of 1,894 tons were sailing vessels.
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of 1867, in which common expenditures were allocated 70% to Austria and 30% to Hungary. This division had to be renegotiated every ten years. There was political turmoil during the build-up to each renewal of the agreement. By 1907, the Hungarian share had risen to 36.4%. The disputes culminated in the early 1900s in a prolonged
5269:. In comparison to the Austrian Lloyd, the Austro-American concentrated on destinations in North and South America. The Austro-Hungarian Navy became much more significant than previously, as industrialization provided sufficient revenues to develop it. Pola (Pula, today part of Croatia) was especially significant for the navy.
4043:
the Habsburg Dynasty in 1867, one of the first acts of its restored Parliament was to pass a Law on Nationalities (Act Number XLIV of 1868). It was a liberal piece of legislation and offered extensive language and cultural rights. It did not recognize non-Hungarians to have rights to form states with any territorial autonomy.
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4883:(Telephone Herald) news and entertainment service was introduced in Budapest in 1893. Two decades before the introduction of radio broadcasting, people could listen to political, economic and sports news, cabaret, music and opera in Budapest daily. It operated over a special type of telephone exchange system.
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4192:, the Austrians responded to Hungarian support of Czechs by supporting the Croatian national movement in Zagreb. In recognition that he reigned in a multi-ethnic country, Emperor Franz Joseph spoke (and used) German, Hungarian and Czech fluently, and Croatian, Serbian, Polish and Italian to some degree.
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Mediterranean Entente, with Britain and Italy in 1887 and concluded mutual defence pacts with Germany in 1879 and Romania in 1883 against a possible Russian attack. Following the Congress of Berlin the European powers attempted to guarantee stability through a complex series of alliances and treaties.
5321:
The common minister of war was the head for the administration of all military affairs, except those of the Austrian Landwehr and of the Hungarian Honved, which were committed to the ministries for national defence of the two respective states. But the supreme command of the army was nominally vested
5317:
or levy-en masse. As stated above, the common army stood under the administration of the joint minister of war, while the special armies were under the administration of the respective ministries of national defence. The yearly contingent of recruits for the army was fixed by the military bills voted
4070:
The implementation of this principle led to several disputes, as it was not clear which languages could be regarded as "customary". The Germans, the traditional bureaucratic, capitalist and cultural elite, demanded the recognition of their language as a customary language in every part of the empire.
3794:
During the Italian battles, the Czechoslovaks and Southern Slavs declared their independence. With defeat in the war imminent after the Italian offensive in the Battle of Vittorio Veneto on 24 October, Czech politicians peacefully took over command in Prague on 28 October (later declared the birth of
3727:
The setbacks that the Austrian army suffered in 1914 and 1915 can be attributed to a large extent by the incompetence of the Austrian high command. After attacking Serbia, its forces soon had to be withdrawn to protect its eastern frontier against Russia's invasion, while German units were engaged in
3449:
started as a minor German offensive to relieve the pressure of the Russian numerical superiority on the Austro-Hungarians, but the cooperation of the Central Powers resulted in huge Russian losses and the total collapse of the Russian lines and their 100 km (62 mi) long retreat into Russia.
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On the home front, food grew scarcer and scarcer, as did heating fuel. Hungary, with its heavy agricultural base, was somewhat better fed. The Army conquered productive agricultural areas in Romania and elsewhere, but refused to allow food shipments to civilians back home. Morale fell every year, and
3199:
referred to the violence as the "Sarajevo frenzy of hate." Violent actions against ethnic Serbs were organized not only in Sarajevo but also in many other larger Austro-Hungarian cities in modern-day Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Austro-Hungarian authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina imprisoned
3101:
A proclamation issued on the occasion of its annexation to the Habsburg monarchy in October 1908 promised these lands constitutional institutions, which should secure to their inhabitants full civil rights and a share in the management of their own affairs by means of a local representative assembly.
2832:
of 1526, the Habsburg Empire became more involved in the Kingdom of Hungary, and subsequently assumed the Hungarian throne. However, as the Ottomans expanded further into Hungary, the Habsburgs came to control only a small north-western portion of the former kingdom's territory. Eventually, following
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only Germany had more extended railway network (63,378 km, 39,381 mi); the Austro-Hungarian Empire was followed by France (40,770 km, 25,330 mi), the United Kingdom (32,623 km, 20,271 mi), Italy (18,873 km, 11,727 mi) and Spain (15,088 km, 9,375 mi).
2958:
After being forced out of Germany and Italy, the Dual Monarchy turned to the Balkans, which were in tumult as nationalistic movements were gaining strength and demanding independence. Both Russia and AustriaâHungary saw an opportunity to expand in this region. Russia took on the role of protector of
5264:
The most important seaport was Trieste (today part of Italy), where the Austrian merchant marine was based. Two major shipping companies (Austrian Lloyd and Austro-Americana) and several shipyards were located there. From 1815 to 1866, Venice had been part of the Habsburg empire. The loss of Venice
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was opened in Zagreb (8 January 1881), the second was in Budapest (1 May 1881), and the third was opened in Vienna (3 June 1881). Initially telephony was available in the homes of individual subscribers, companies and offices. Public telephone stations appeared in the 1890s, and they quickly became
4773:
per capita grew roughly 1.76% per year from 1870 to 1913. That level of growth compared very favorably to that of other European nations such as Britain (1%), France (1.06%), and Germany (1.51%). However, in a comparison with Germany and Britain, the Austro-Hungarian economy as a whole still lagged
4616:
The high schools included the universities, of which Hungary possessed five, all maintained by the state: at Budapest (founded in 1635), at KolozsvĂĄr (founded in 1872), and at Zagreb (founded in 1874). Newer universities were established in Debrecen in 1912, and Pozsony university was reestablished
4199:
had lived primarily in Bohemia since the 6th century and German immigrants had begun settling the Bohemian periphery in the 13th century. The constitution of 1627 made the German language a second official language and equal to Czech. German speakers lost their majority in the Bohemian Diet in 1880
4042:
In July 1849, the Hungarian Revolutionary Parliament proclaimed and enacted ethnic and minority rights (the next such laws were in Switzerland), but these were overturned after the Russian and Austrian armies crushed the Hungarian Revolution. After the Kingdom of Hungary reached the Compromise with
3961:
Relations during the half-century after 1867 between the two parts of the dual monarchy featured repeated disputes over shared external tariff arrangements and over the financial contribution of each government to the common treasury. These matters were determined by the Austro-Hungarian Compromise
3736:
favorably; on the other hand, by 1916 the general belief in Germany was that Germany, in its alliance with AustriaâHungary, was "shackled to a corpse". The operational capability of the Austro-Hungarian army was seriously affected by supply shortages, low morale and a high casualty rate, and by the
3013:
organizations sent aid to the Balkan rebels and so pressured the tsar's government to declare war on the Ottoman Empire in 1877 in the name of protecting Orthodox Christians. Unable to mediate between the Ottoman Empire and Russia over the control of Serbia, AustriaâHungary declared neutrality when
5298:(1817â1895), an old-fashioned bureaucrat who opposed modernization. The military system of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy was similar in both states, and rested since 1868 upon the principle of the universal and personal obligation of the citizen to bear arms. Its military force was composed of the
5229:
After several small-scale attempts, Istvån Széchenyi organised the "regulation of the Tisza" (Hungarian: a Tisza szabålyozåsa) which started on 27 August 1846, and substantially ended in 1880. The new length of the river in Hungary was 966 km (600 mi) (1,358 km (844 mi) total),
4584:
The higher educational institutions were predominantly German, but beginning in the 1870s, language shifts began to occur. These establishments, which in the middle of the 19th century had had a predominantly German character, underwent in Galicia a conversion into Polish national institutions, in
3762:
By 1918, the economic situation had deteriorated and governmental failure on the homefront ended popular support for the war. The Austro-Hungarian monarchy collapsed with dramatic speed in the autumn of 1918. Leftist and pacifist political movements organized strikes in factories, and uprisings in
3354:
The heavily rural Empire did have a small industrial base, but its major contribution was manpower and food. Nevertheless, AustriaâHungary was more urbanized (25%) than its actual opponents in the First World War, like the Russian Empire (13.4%), Serbia (13.2%) or Romania (18.8%). Furthermore, the
5456:", which both dethroned the Habsburgs and banished all Habsburgs from Austrian territory. While Karl was banned from ever returning to Austria again, other Habsburgs could return if they gave up all claims to the defunct throne. In March and again in October 1921, ill-prepared attempts by Karl to
4778:
and to the Carpathian lands. As a result, wide disparities of development existed within the empire. In general, the western areas became more developed than the eastern ones. The Kingdom of Hungary became the world's second-largest flour exporter after the United States. The large Hungarian food
4266:
Hungary's leaders were generally less willing than their Austrian counterparts to share power with their subject minorities, but they granted a large measure of autonomy to Croatia in 1868. To some extent, they modeled their relationship to that kingdom on their own compromise with Austria of the
3315:
The Austro-Hungarian Empire played a relatively passive diplomatic role in the war, as it was increasingly dominated and controlled by Germany. The only goal was to punish Serbia and try to stop the ethnic breakup of the Empire, and it completely failed. Starting in late 1916 the new Emperor Karl
5225:
river in Hungary used to be 1,419 kilometres (882 miles). It flowed through the Great Hungarian Plain, which is one of the largest flat areas in central Europe. Since plains can cause a river to flow very slowly, the Tisza used to follow a path with many curves and turns, which led to many large
4078:
The Hungarian Minority Act of 1868 gave the minorities (Slovaks, Romanians, Serbs, et al.) individual (but not also communal) rights to use their language in offices, schools (although in practice often only in those founded by them and not by the state), courts and municipalities (if 20% of the
3710:
Although the Kingdom of Hungary comprised only 42% of the population of AustriaâHungary, the thin majority â more than 3.8 million soldiers â of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces were conscripted from the Kingdom of Hungary during the First World War. Roughly 600,000 soldiers were killed in
3339:
as Supreme Army Commander (Armeeoberkommandant), but asked him to give Von Hötzendorf freedom to take any decisions. Von Hötzendorf remained in effective command of the military forces until Emperor Karl I took the supreme command himself in late 1916 and dismissed Conrad von Hötzendorf in 1917.
3276:
Over the course of July and August 1914, these events caused the start of World War I, as Russia mobilized in support of Serbia, setting off a series of counter-mobilizations. In support of his German ally, on Thursday, 6 August 1914, Emperor Franz Joseph signed the declaration of war on Russia.
3037:
The Congress of Berlin rolled back the Russian victory by partitioning the large Bulgarian state that Russia had carved out of Ottoman territory and denying any part of Bulgaria full independence from the Ottomans. The Congress of Berlin in 1878 let Austria occupy (but not annex) the province of
5400:
lost roughly 60% of the old Austrian Empire's territory. It also had to drop its plans for union with Germany, as it was not allowed to unite with Germany without League approval. Hungary, however, was severely disrupted by the loss of 72% of its territory, 64% of its population and most of its
3818:
on 31 October. Charles was all but forced to appoint KĂĄrolyi as his Hungarian prime minister. One of KĂĄrolyi's first acts was to formally repudiate the compromise agreement on 31 October, effectively terminating the personal union with Austria and thus officially dissolving the Austro-Hungarian
3731:
In the last two years of the war the Austro-Hungarian armed forces lost all ability to act independently of Germany. As of 7 September 1916, the German emperor was given full control of all the armed forces of the Central Powers and Austria-Hungary effectively became a satellite of Germany. The
3728:
fighting on the Western Front. This resulted in a greater than expected loss of men in the invasion of Serbia. Furthermore, it became evident that the Austrian high command had had no plans for possible continental war and that the army and navy were also ill-equipped to handle such a conflict.
3665:
crossed the borders of Eastern Hungary (Transylvania), and despite initial successes, by November 1916, the Central Powers formed by the Austro-Hungarian, German, Bulgarian, and Ottoman armies, had defeated the Romanian and Russian armies of the Entente Powers, and occupied the southern part of
3120:
Aehrenthal had started with the assumption that the Slavic minorities could never come together, and the Balkan League would never cause any damage to Austria. He turned down an Ottoman proposal for an alliance that would include Austria, Turkey, and Romania. However, his policies alienated the
4098:
Language was, as a proxy for ethnicity, one of the most contentious issues in Austro-Hungarian politics. All governments faced difficult and divisive hurdles in deciding on the languages of government and of instruction. The minorities sought the widest opportunities for education in their own
3362:
Inflation soared, from an index of 129 in 1914 to 1589 in 1918, wiping out the cash savings of the middle-class. In terms of war damage to the economy, the war used up about 20 percent of the GDP. The dead soldiers amounted to about four percent of the 1914 labor force, and the wounded ones to
3042:
was broken up and Serbian independence was guaranteed. In that year, with Britain's support, AustriaâHungary stationed troops in Bosnia to prevent the Russians from expanding into nearby Serbia. In another measure to keep the Russians out of the Balkans, AustriaâHungary formed an alliance, the
4849:
Austria subsequently joined a telegraph union with German states. In the Kingdom of Hungary, 2,406 telegraph post offices operated in 1884. By 1914 the number of telegraph offices reached 3,000 in post offices and further 2,400 were installed in the railway stations of the Kingdom of Hungary.
4964:
appeared in the first half of the 19th century. Between the 1850s and 1880s many were built : Vienna (1865), Budapest (1866), Brno (1869), Trieste (1876). Steam trams appeared in the late 1860s. The electrification of tramways started in the late 1880s. The first electrified tramway in
3554:
In May 1915, Italy attacked AustriaâHungary. Italy was the only military opponent of AustriaâHungary which had a similar degree of industrialization and economic level; moreover, her army was numerous (â1,000,000 men were immediately fielded), but suffered from poor leadership, training and
4779:
exports were not limited to neighbouring Germany and Italy: Hungary became the most important foreign food supplier of the large cities and industrial centres of the United Kingdom. Galicia, which has been described as the poorest province of Austro-Hungary, experienced near-constant
5209:, Hungary's "Iron Minister", succeeded in financing this project. The riverbed rocks and the associated rapids made the gorge valley an infamous passage for shipping. In German, the passage is still known as the Kataraktenstrecke, even though the cataracts are gone. Near the actual "
3117:. Both were motivated by political ambition; the first would emerge successful, and the latter would be broken by the crisis. Along the way, they would drag Europe to the brink of war in 1909. They would also divide Europe into the two armed camps that would go to war in July 1914.
9516:
3907:, foreign policy and the imperial household, and the customs union. Although the two halves shared a common monarch and both foreign relations and defense were managed jointly, all other state functions were to be handled separately as there was no common citizenship.
3450:
The Russian Third Army perished. In summer 1915, the Austro-Hungarian Army, under a unified command with the Germans, participated in the successful GorliceâTarnĂłw Offensive. From June 1916, the Russians focused their attacks on the Austro-Hungarian army in the
5230:
with 589 km (366 mi) of "dead channels" and 136 km (85 mi) of new riverbed. The resultant length of the flood-protected river comprises 2,940 km (1,830 mi) (out of 4,220 km (2,620 mi) of all Hungarian protected rivers).
5169:
Milestone due to the radically new innovations in its era: "Among the railway's innovative elements were bidirectional tram cars; electric lighting in the subway stations and tram cars; and an overhead wire structure instead of a third-rail system for power".
3892:
The government of Austria, which had ruled the monarchy until 1867, became the government of the Austrian part, and another government was formed for the Hungarian part. The common government (officially designated Ministerial Council for Common Affairs, or
3714:
AustriaâHungary held on for years, as the Hungarian half provided sufficient supplies for the military to continue to wage war. This was shown in a transition of power after which the Hungarian prime minister, Count IstvĂĄn Tisza, and foreign minister, Count
3025:
This treaty sparked an international uproar that almost resulted in a general European war. AustriaâHungary and Britain feared that a large Bulgaria would become a Russian satellite that would enable the tsar to dominate the Balkans. British prime minister
3774:
and two days later Emperor Karl I issued a proclamation ("Imperial Manifesto of 16 October 1918") altering the empire into a federal union to give ethnic groups decentralization and representation. However, on 18 October, United States Secretary of State
2899:
started to negotiate the new laws to be accepted on 30 March. However, Hungarian leaders received word that the Emperor's formal coronation as King of Hungary on 8 June had to have taken place in order for the laws to be enacted within the lands of the
7276:
He was photographed on the way to the station and the photograph has been reproduced many times in books and articles, claiming to depict the arrest of Gavrilo Princip. But there is no photograph of Gavro's arrest â this photograph shows the arrest of
7488:
Ladislaus Count von SzögyĂ©ny-Marich (Berlin) to Leopold Count von Berchtold (5 July 1914), in Ludwig Bittner, et al., eds., Ăsterreich-Ungarns Aussenpolitik von der Bosnischen Krise 1908 bis zum Kriegsausbruch 1914 . 8 vols, Vienna, 1930, vol. 8, no.
4808:, led to an even more rapid economic growth throughout AustriaâHungary by the early 20th century. However, since the turn of the twentieth century, the Austrian half of the Monarchy could preserve its dominance within the empire in the sectors of the
3822:
By the end of October, there was nothing left of the Habsburg realm but its majority-German Danubian and Alpine provinces, and Karl's authority was being challenged even there by the German-Austrian state council. Karl's last Austrian prime minister,
4060:") in school, office and public life, is recognized by the state. In those territories in which several races dwell, the public and educational institutions are to be so arranged that, without applying compulsion to learn a second country language ("
3085:
rather than attaching it to either territorial government. The annexation in 1908 led some in Vienna to contemplate combining Bosnia and Herzegovina with Croatia to form a third Slavic component of the monarchy. The deaths of Franz Joseph's brother,
5464:, refused his cooperation. Soon afterward, the Hungarian government nullified the Pragmatic Sanction, effectively dethroning the Habsburgs. Subsequently, the British took custody of Karl and removed him and his family to the Portuguese island of
6305:
is not firmly defined, and depending on the interpretation, some territories may be included or excluded from it; this holds for parts of AustriaâHungary as well, although the historical interpretation clearly places the monarchy in Central
9841:
Tramways in Poland (including Galicia), Book: Arkadiusz KoĆoĆ, Uniwersytet JagielloĆski. Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej: RozwĂłj przestrzenny a wspĂłĆczesne funkcjonowanie miejskiego transportu szynowego w Polsce (page:
3273:, expecting Serbia would never accept. When Serbia accepted nine of the ten demands but only partially accepted the remaining one, AustriaâHungary declared war. Franz Joseph I finally followed the urgent counsel of his top advisers.
146:
11632:
5818:
The following present-day countries and parts of countries were within the boundaries of AustriaâHungary when the empire was dissolved. Some other provinces of Europe had been part of the Habsburg monarchy at one time before 1867.
3630:
was formed. Italy also enjoyed support by the Entente powers: by 1918, large amounts of war materials and a few auxiliary American, British, and French divisions arrived in the Italian battle zone. Cadorna was replaced by General
4799:
became predominant within the empire and made up a large proportion of the export to the rest of Europe. Meanwhile, western areas, concentrated mainly around Prague and Vienna, excelled in various manufacturing industries. This
147:
3334:
The Austro-Hungarian Empire conscripted 7.8 million soldiers during WWI. General von Hötzendorf was the Chief of the Austro-Hungarian General Staff. Franz Joseph I, who was much too old to command the army, appointed
3970:
units and deepened by the advent to power in Budapest in April 1906 of a Hungarian nationalist coalition. Provisional renewals of the common arrangements occurred in October 1907 and in November 1917 on the basis of the
4790:
However, by the end of the 19th century, economic differences gradually began to even out as economic growth in the eastern parts of the monarchy consistently surpassed that in the western. The strong agriculture and
3690:. In 1917, after several defensive victories (managing to stop the German-Austro-Hungarian advance), with Russia's withdrawal from the war following the October Revolution, Romania was forced to drop out of the war.
3187:, excessively intensified the existing traditional religion-based ethnic hostilities in Bosnia. However, in Sarajevo itself, Austrian authorities encouraged violence against the Serb residents, which resulted in the
12802:
5213:" strait the Prigrada rock was the most important obstacle until 1896: the river widened considerably here and the water level was consequently low. Upstream, the Greben rock near the "Kazan" gorge was notorious.
7379:... Andric describes the "Sarajevo frenzy of hate" that erupted among Muslims, Catholics, and Orthodox believers following the assassination on June 28, 1914, of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo ...
1208:: 5 corona, 1908 â the bust of Franz Joseph I facing right surrounded by the legend "Franciscus Iosephus I, Dei gratia, imperator Austriae, rex Bohemiae, Galiciae, Illyriae et cetera et apostolicus rex Hungariae"
9424:
Commercial Relations of the United States: Reports from the Consuls of the United States on the Commerce, Manufactures, Etc., of Their Consular Districts. Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1881 (page:
3795:
Czechoslovakia) and followed up in other major cities in the next few days. On 30 October, the Slovaks did the same. On 29 October, the Slavs in both portions of what remained of AustriaâHungary proclaimed the
3260:
His Majesty authorized me to report to that in this case, too, we could count on Germany's full support. As mentioned, he first had to consult with the Chancellor, but he did not have the slightest doubt that
2884:(of which the Habsburg emperor was the hereditary president) and the exclusion of Austria from German affairs. These twin defeats gave the Hungarians the opportunity to remove the shackles of absolutist rule.
5246:(12,567 t) of the Austro-Americana company was the largest passenger ship ever built in Austria. Because of its control over the coast of much of the Balkans, AustriaâHungary had access to several seaports.
9797:
IstvĂĄn Tisza and LĂĄszlĂł KovĂĄcs: A magyar ĂĄllami, magĂĄn- Ă©s helyiĂ©rdekƱ vasĂșttĂĄrsasĂĄgok fejlĆdĂ©se 1876â1900 között, Magyar VasĂșttörtĂ©net 2. kötet. Budapest: KözlekedĂ©si DokumentĂĄciĂłs Kft., 58â59, 83â84. o.
9379:
Schulze, Max-Stephan. Patterns of growth and stagnation in the late nineteenth century Habsburg economy, pp. 337-338. European Review of Economic History. 2000;4(3):311-340. doi:10.1017/S1361491600000095
2853:
military assistance, and the level of autonomy that the Hungarian state had enjoyed was replaced with absolutist rule from Vienna. This further increased Hungarian resentment of the Habsburg dominion.
7673:
Keleher, Edward P. (1992). "Emperor Karl and the Sixtus Affair: Politico-Nationalist Repercussions in the Reich German and Austro-German Camps, and the Disintegration of Habsburg Austria, 1916â1918".
6274:
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1307:
1289:
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1247:
1214:
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The leaders of AustriaâHungary therefore decided to confront Serbia militarily before it could incite a revolt; using the assassination as an excuse, they presented a list of ten demands called the
12817:
12812:
12807:
12797:
11596:
5322:
in the monarch, who had the power to take all measures regarding the whole army. In practice, the emperor's nephew Archduke Albrecht was his chief military advisor and made the policy decisions.
3618:
using new infiltration tactics; although they advanced more than 100 km (62.14 mi) in the direction of Venice and gained considerable supplies, they were halted and could not cross the
9478:
3200:
and extradited approximately 5,500 prominent Serbs, 700 to 2,200 of whom died in prison. Four hundred sixty Serbs were sentenced to death and a predominantly Muslim special militia known as the
12868:
8967:
13004:
12999:
12994:
12989:
12984:
12979:
12974:
12969:
3355:
Austro-Hungarian Empire had also more industrialized economy and higher GDP per capita than the Kingdom of Italy, which was economically the far most developed actual opponent of the Empire.
4103:
gave Czech equal standing with German in the internal government of Bohemia; this led to a crisis because of nationalist German agitation throughout the empire. The Crown dismissed Badeni.
4054:
All races of the empire have equal rights, and every race has an inviolable right to the preservation and use of its own nationality and language. The equality of all customary languages ("
11629:
2887:
Realizing the need to compromise with Hungary in order to retain its great power status, the central government in Vienna began negotiations with the Hungarian political leaders, led by
9989:
4730:
The heavily rural Austro-Hungarian economy slowly modernised after 1867. Railroads opened up once-remote areas, and cities grew. Many small firms promoted capitalist way of production.
5420:, became regent, but was forced to stand down after only two weeks when it became apparent the Allies would not recognise him. Finally, in March 1920, royal powers were entrusted to a
11666:
7648:
5457:
5432:
of the Austro-Hungarian Navy and had helped organize the counter-revolutionary forces. It was this government that signed the Treaty of Trianon under protest on 4 June 1920 at the
7090:
4311:
showed their support, but the Croat ones opposed it and tried to show that the Istro-Romanians were in fact Slavs. During Austro-Hungarian rule, the Istro-Romanians lived under
3783:
had joined the Allies on 14 October. The South Slavs in both halves of the monarchy had already declared in favor of uniting with Serbia in a large South Slav state in the 1917
12162:
11677:
In the Twilight of Empire. Count Alois Lexa von Aehrenthal (1854â1912): Imperial Habsburg Patriot and Statesman. Vol. 2: From Foreign Minister in Waiting to de facto Chancellor
10379:
9388:
Schulze, Max-Stephan. Austria-Hungaryâs economy in World War I, p. 79. In: Broadberry S, Harrison M, eds. The Economics of World War I. Cambridge University Press; 2005:77-111.
4389:
and escalate out of control. The antisemitic parties remained on the periphery of the political sphere due to their low popularity among voters in the parliamentary elections.
7413:
3265:
would fully agree with him, particularly with regard to action on our part against Serbia. In his opinion, though, there was no need to wait patiently before taking action...
7477:... arrested and interned some 5.500 prominent Serbs and sentenced to death some 460 persons, a new Schutzkorps, an auxiliary militia, widened the anti-Serb repression.
81:
6906:
12068:
3501:
ending the World War I, in spite of the previous initial total dependence of the kingdom on its sponsors, it ultimately served against their intentions as the cornerstone
4609:
in PĂ©cs in 1367. Sigismund established a university at Ăbuda in 1395. Another, Universitas Istropolitana, was established 1465 in Pozsony (now Bratislava in Slovakia) by
4816:, in these modern sectors of the second industrial revolution (like machine building industry and electric industry) the Austrian competition could not become dominant.
2917:
12152:
4402:
and rural areas in Hungary and Bohemia; however, they had large communities and even local majorities in the downtown districts of Vienna, Budapest, Prague, KrakĂłw and
939:
893:
518:
3363:
another six percent. Compared all the major countries in the war, the death and casualty rate was toward the high-end regarding the present-day territory of Austria.
12518:
10668:
9912:
9227:
3066:
region was under Austro-Hungarian occupation between 1878 and 1909, when it was returned to the Ottoman Empire, before being ultimately divided between kingdoms of
13572:
10349:
8877:
8622:
17599:
4427:
4195:
The language disputes were most fiercely fought in Bohemia, where the Czech speakers formed a majority and sought equal status for their language to German. The
18652:
12758:
5329:
was mainly a coast defence force, and also included a flotilla of monitors for the Danube. It was administered by the naval department of the ministry of war.
10463:
Virtually the entire population of what remained of Hungary regarded the Treaty of Trianon as manifestly unfair, and agitation for revision began immediately.
8593:
GĂŒnther Kronenbitter: "Krieg im Frieden". Die FĂŒhrung der k.u.k. Armee und die GroĂmachtpolitik Ăsterreich-Ungarns 1906â1914. Verlag Oldenbourg, Munich 2003,
5691:, which had formerly looked to Vienna for protection and whose ruling house held sizable real estate in Cisleithania, formed a customs and defense union with
4267:
previous year. In spite of nominal autonomy, the Croatian government was an economic and administrative part of Hungary, which the Croatians resented. In the
3791:. The Croatians had begun disregarding orders from Budapest earlier in October. Lansing's response was, in effect, the death certificate of AustriaâHungary.
13173:
11825:
5810:
5552:
4423:
3078:
2997:
as early as 1879 and were commended for their bravery in service of the Austrian emperor, being awarded more medals than any other unit. The military march "
2904:. On 28 July, Franz Joseph, in his new capacity as King of Hungary, approved and promulgated the new laws, which officially gave birth to the Dual Monarchy.
132:
11285:
9693:
See the above cited book: Stephen Broadberry and Kevin H. O'Rourke: The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe: Volume 2, 1870 to the Present, page: 80
9135:
6550:
3125:
1821:
476:
11593:
9541:
3030:
moved warships into position against Russia to halt the advance of Russian influence in the eastern Mediterranean so close to Britain's route through the
18642:
18087:
15842:
9806:(1996)(English: The development of Hungarian private and state owned commuter railway companies between 1876 â 1900, Hungarian railway History Volume II.
6199:
3984:
3608:
367:
12041:
HABSBURG is an email discussion list dealing with the culture and history of the Habsburg monarchy and its successor states in central Europe since 1500
9187:
18657:
13487:
11972:
7112:
5802:
5699:â the westernmost province of Austria â voted by a large majority to join Switzerland; however, both the Swiss and the Allies disregarded this result.
5193:
by a canal from Vienna to Trieste. It was born from the desire of AustriaâHungary to have a direct link to the Adriatic Sea but was never constructed.
4157:
The following years saw official recognition of several languages, at least in Austria. Since 1867, laws awarded Croatian equal status with Italian in
3098:, heir to the throne. The Archduke was rumoured to have been an advocate for this trialism as a means to limit the power of the Hungarian aristocracy.
13211:
10301:
8327:
4834:
The first telegraph connection (ViennaâBrnoâPrague) had started operation in 1847. In Hungarian territory the first telegraph stations were opened in
12177:
8447:
1084:
One of Europe's major powers at the time, Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe and the third-most populous (after
11988:
12832:
12061:
8015:
2098:
13318:
8961:
6679:
4180:. This led to the further closing of minority schools, devoted mostly to the Slovak and Rusyn languages. The two kingdoms sometimes divided their
12690:
12182:
12172:
11270:
6087:
4605:
In the year 1276, the university of Veszprém was destroyed by the troops of Péter Csåk and it was never rebuilt. A university was established by
3943:
3678:). Within three months of the war, the Central Powers came near Bucharest, the Romanian capital city. On 6 December, the Central Powers captured
2308:
1128:
1093:
219:
206:
11921:
11170:
6397:
3054:
largely because of Italy's imperial rivalries with France. Tensions between Russia and AustriaâHungary remained high, so Bismarck replaced the
14308:
9981:
9324:
8798:
4909:
By 1913, the combined length of the railway tracks of the Austrian Empire and Kingdom of Hungary reached 43,280 kilometres (26,890 miles). In
4259:). The Romanians and the Serbs began to agitate for union with their fellow nationalists and language speakers in the newly founded states of
12511:
12157:
9772:
3384:
At the start of the war, the army was divided into two: the smaller part attacked Serbia while the larger part fought against the formidable
3137:
1826:
11663:
7617:
3077:
On the heels of the Great Balkan Crisis, Austro-Hungarian forces occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina in August 1878 and the monarchy eventually
18272:
17775:
16647:
16475:
16390:
16129:
9932:
2815:
2563:
2403:
2328:
2040:
9270:
7305:
Following the assassination of Franz Ferdinand in June 1914, Catholic Croats and Muslims in Sarajevo joined forces in an anti-Serb pogrom.
4846:
in 1848. The first telegraph connection between Vienna and PestâBuda (later Budapest) was constructed in 1850, and ViennaâZagreb in 1850.
2951:
of France and Italy for an anti-Prussian alliance, but no terms could be reached. The decisive victory of the Prusso-German armies in the
1058:
between 1867 and 1918. A military and diplomatic alliance, it consisted of two sovereign states with a single monarch who was titled both
13562:
12054:
12019:
Mangham, Arthur Neal. The Social Bases of Austrian Politics: The German Electoral Districts of Cisleithania, 1900â1914. Ph.D. thesis 1974
7929:
6214:
11891:
11564:
Kapp, Richard W. (1984). "Divided Loyalties: The German Reich and AustriaâHungary in Austro-German Discussions of War Aims, 1914â1916".
10310:
10090:
9452:
8083:
The Beginning of Futility: Diplomatic, Political, Military and Naval Events on the Austro-Italian Front in the First World War 1914â1917
7082:
6801:
6737:
6532:
1910. ĂVI NĂPSZĂMLĂLĂS 1. A nĂ©pessĂ©g fĆbb adatai közsĂ©gek Ă©s nĂ©pesebb pusztĂĄk, telepek szerint (1912) | KönyvtĂĄr | Hungaricana
6499:
6370:
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languages, as well as in the "dominant" languagesâHungarian and German. By the "Ordinance of 5 April 1897", the Austrian Prime Minister
13238:
12751:
12007:
7503:
3240:, had wanted to confront the resurgent Serbian nation for some years in a preventive war, but the Emperor and Hungarian prime minister
2838:
2168:
9815:
Tramways in Austria: Book: Buckley, Richard (2000). Tramways and Light Railways of Switzerland and Austria (2nd edition), pp. 129â135
9244:
7422:, p. 485, The Bosnian wartime militia (Schutzkorps), which became known for its persecution of Serbs, was overwhelmingly Muslim..
4357:
Around 1900, Jews numbered about two million in the whole territory of the Austro-Hungarian Empire; their position was ambiguous. The
18662:
13166:
10371:
9641:
7146:
3152:
2972:
2955:
and the subsequent founding of the German Empire ended all hope of re-establishing Austrian influence in Germany, and Beust retired.
2947:, who had repeatedly outmaneuvered him. Beust looked to France for avenging Austria's defeat and attempted to negotiate with Emperor
1892:
10468:
18602:
18050:
17707:
16544:
15451:
12504:
11525:
The Habsburg Empire in World War I: Essays on the Intellectual, Military, Political and Economic Aspects of the Habsburg War Effort
10113:
9860:
Tramways in Croatia: Book: Vlado Puljiz, Gojko BeĆŸovan, Teo MatkoviÄ, dr. Zoran Ć uÄur, SiniĆĄa ZrinĆĄÄak: Socijalna politika Hrvatske
7805:
The Habsburg Empire in World War I: Essays on the Intellectual, Military, Political and Economic Aspects of the Habsburg War Effort
1377:
From 1867 onwards, the abbreviations heading the names of official institutions in AustriaâHungary reflected their responsibility:
18504:
16862:
15708:
13248:
13009:
12842:
12837:
12827:
12822:
12792:
12320:
10139:
8827:
6991:
6898:
6194:
3156:
2543:
13421:
11649:
11375:
Craig, Gordon A. (1965). "The World War I Alliance of the Central Powers in Retrospect: The Military Cohesion of the Alliance".
10401:
9666:
HT Muzej (Croatian Telecom Museum): '125 godina telefonije u Hrvatskoj' (125 years of Telephony in Croatia), Zagreb 2006., P.-2,
8655:"Staatsgrundgesetz ĂŒber die allgemeinen Rechte und StaatsbĂŒrger fĂŒr die im Reichsrate vertretenen Königreiche und LĂ€nder (1867)"
8518:
3611:, Germans and Austrians were able to move on the Western and Southern fronts much manpower from the erstwhile Eastern fighting.
3574:
took place over five months (23 June â 2 December 1915). The fight was extremely bloody and exhausting for both the contenders.
928:
882:
18647:
16134:
13374:
12722:
12421:
12116:
12096:
11154:
Banking and industrialization in Austria-Hungary: the role of banks in the industrialization of the Czech crownlands, 1873â1914
8743:
8173:
6160:
5649:
5506:
5490:
5389:
4770:
2213:
754:
12026:
11069:
10169:
9874:
9412:
Engineering and Economic Growth: The Development of AustriaâHungary's Machine-Building Industry in the Late Nineteenth Century
8658:
6573:
Engineering and Economic Growth: The Development of AustriaâHungary's Machine-Building Industry in the Late Nineteenth Century
4508:
17780:
16914:
16469:
15261:
14643:
13122:
13117:
13112:
13107:
13102:
13097:
13092:
13087:
13082:
13077:
12943:
12938:
12933:
12928:
12923:
12918:
12913:
12908:
12903:
12898:
12893:
12888:
12883:
12878:
12873:
12744:
11852:
11615:
11554:
11365:
11248:
11055:
10975:
10912:
10743:
10720:
10693:
10662:
10528:
10444:
10027:
9782:
9735:
9711:
9614:
9488:
9446:
9307:
9019:
8922:
8792:
8528:
8495:
8250:
8221:
8090:
8050:
7965:
7937:
7905:
7880:
7855:
7830:
7764:
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7470:
7445:
7404:
7365:
7298:
7269:
7244:
7041:
6811:
6204:
5630:
3046:
Anxious about Balkan instability and Russian aggression, and to counter French interests in Europe, AustriaâHungary forged a
2393:
2278:
1092:). The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine-building industry in the world. With the exception of the territory of the
16879:
13602:
10450:
8757:
8572:
8411:
8127:
7323:
4480:
3591:. The Italians managed to resist and in a counteroffensive seized Gorizia on 9 August. Nonetheless, they had to stop on the
177:
18637:
18612:
18094:
16099:
15796:
15683:
13845:
13159:
13059:
13054:
13049:
13044:
13039:
13034:
13029:
13024:
13019:
13014:
12450:
11426:
9725:
4276:
3803:. On the same day, the Czechs and Slovaks formally proclaimed the establishment of Czechoslovakia as an independent state.
3245:
1963:
1079:
15167:
10770:
6649:
6337:
3810:
voted in favour of terminating the union with Austria. The most prominent opponent of continued union with Austria, Count
3237:
18622:
17989:
17941:
17931:
17367:
15663:
13895:
13592:
13379:
13142:
12327:
12203:
9297:
8866:
8364:
5660:
5622:
5568:
The following states were formed, re-established or expanded at the dissolution of the former AustroâHungarian monarchy:
4135:
3866:
3796:
3336:
3095:
2453:
1569:
1346:
1116:
1071:
974:
649:
612:
250:
215:
196:
18558:
17853:
12012:
11116:
10341:
8629:
18632:
18627:
18118:
17848:
17810:
17770:
17760:
17755:
17372:
15703:
15313:
14313:
13741:
13684:
13582:
13369:
12372:
12289:
12284:
9210:
Imperial Lineages and Legacies in the Eastern Mediterranean: Recording the Imprint of Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman Rule
8356:
Through the Prism of the Habsburg Monarchy: Hungary in American Diplomacy and Public Opinion During the First World War
7737:
5680:
5594:
5590:
5441:
5410:
5381:
5295:
4487:
2857:
2732:
2523:
2503:
2368:
2243:
2203:
1159:
914:
10191:
10012:
9631:
Museum of Moslavina Kutina, Jasmina Uroda KutliÄ: 'Telefon â Äudo Novoga vijeka' (Telephone the miracle of Modern era)
3299:
18530:
18315:
18190:
18104:
17994:
17720:
16637:
13957:
13805:
13535:
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13226:
11978:
11533:
11512:
11100:
10869:
10583:
10564:
10501:
9820:
9803:
9571:
9217:
9161:
9112:
8751:
8692:
Wank, Solomon; Jelavich, Barbara (1980). "The Impact of the Dual Alliance on the Germans in Austria and Vice-Versa".
8598:
8566:
8558:
8405:
8121:
6777:
6756:
6751:
Manuscript of Franz Joseph I. â Stephan Vajda, Felix Austria. Eine Geschichte Ăsterreichs, Ueberreuter 1980, Vienna,
6620:
6189:
5645:
5417:
5201:
In 1831 a plan had already been drafted to make the passage navigable, at the initiative of the Hungarian politician
5179:
5143:
4527:
3294:
3015:
1551:) in its international relations. It was often contracted to the "Dual Monarchy" in English or simply referred to as
1515:
1124:
9588:
18215:
18070:
17835:
17182:
13415:
13398:
13384:
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natural resources. The Hungarian Democratic Republic was short-lived and was temporarily replaced by the communist
4892:
4461:
4399:
4366:
4346:
4166:
3994:
2808:
2233:
2033:
1973:
1750:
11822:
5250:
3779:
replied that autonomy for the nationalities â the tenth of the Fourteen Points â was no longer enough. In fact, a
3752:
envisaged the Habsburg Empire as being made up of five Kingdoms, in a last desperate attempt to save the Monarchy.
3437:, an auxiliary military formation within the Austro-Hungarian army. The Austro-Hungarian Army was defeated at the
16580:
16124:
14939:
13890:
12682:
12470:
11316:
9364:
5683:; all were ultimately absorbed mostly into Poland, but also into Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia.
5460:
collapsed. The initially wavering Horthy, after receiving threats of intervention from the Allied Powers and the
4494:
3172:
3091:
3034:. The Treaty of San Stefano was seen in Austria as much too favourable for Russia and its Orthodox-Slavic goals.
2861:
2712:
1499:
798:
701:
111:
88:
14101:
9959:
9139:
6546:
3446:
17863:
17825:
17159:
16662:
15942:
15658:
13880:
13614:
13277:
12465:
12077:
9537:
5664:
4558:
4465:
4283:
who during his short reign supported the trialist idea only to be vetoed by the Hungarian government and Count
3757:
3379:
3281:
initially remained neutral, despite its alliance with AustriaâHungary. In 1915, it switched to the side of the
2990:
2837:
in 1718, all former territories of the Hungarian kingdom were ceded from the Ottomans to the Habsburgs. In the
2767:
2727:
2608:
2473:
1988:
1948:
1933:
1151:
13654:
13640:
9851:
History of Public Transport in Hungary. Book: Zsuzsa FrisnyĂĄk: A magyarorszĂĄgi közlekedĂ©s krĂłnikĂĄja, 1750â2000
9271:"Budapesti MƱszaki Ă©s GazdasĂĄgtudomĂĄnyi Egyetem (Budapest University of Technology and Economics) â moveonnet"
3766:
On 14 October 1918, Foreign Minister Baron IstvĂĄn BuriĂĄn von Rajecz asked for an armistice based on President
3639:(15â23 June 1918), in which some 60,000 Austrian and 43,000 Italian soldiers were killed. The final battle at
3209:
18449:
18439:
18205:
16996:
15852:
15673:
15377:
13182:
12599:
11968:
11125:. Vol. 30 (12th ed.). London & New York: The EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica Company. pp. 313â343.
10221:
9179:
7116:
6593:
5377:
5285:
3844:
3832:
3498:
3474:
3434:
3262:
2940:
2677:
2358:
2158:
1953:
1937:
495:
390:
20:
9208:
Strauss, Johann. "Language and power in the late Ottoman Empire" (Chapter 7). In: Murphey, Rhoads (editor).
4476:
4287:. The count finally signed the trialist proclamation after heavy pressure from the king on 23 October 1918.
18295:
18167:
18040:
17830:
17785:
17700:
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16620:
16139:
15832:
15749:
15571:
15444:
15372:
15256:
13635:
13233:
11789:
Deak, John (2014). "The Great War and the Forgotten Realm: The Habsburg Monarchy and the First World War".
8331:
6143:
The Empire treated Bosnia-Herzegovina in much the same way the other powers treated their overseas colonies
4976:(1905); Unterlach, Ybbs an der Donau (1907); Salzburg (1909); Klagenfurt, Sankt Pölten (1911); Piran (1912)
4813:
4710:
banknote of the Dual Monarchy, using all official and recognized languages (the reverse side was Hungarian)
4213:
4033:
4011:
3055:
2998:
2846:
2618:
2423:
2005:
1983:
1096:, the Empire of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary were separate sovereign countries in international law.
607:
17951:
12736:
11418:
Deak, John, and Jonathan E. Gumz. "How to Break a State: The Habsburg Monarchy's Internal War, 1914â1918"
9956:"UNESCO World Heritage Centre â World Heritage Committee Inscribes 9 New Sites on the World Heritage List"
8444:
6530:
3493:. The origin of that document was the dire need to draft new recruits from German-occupied Poland for the
3359:
the diverse nationalities gave up on the Empire and looked for ways to establish their own nation states.
18499:
18489:
18444:
18239:
18082:
17956:
17858:
17513:
17427:
17322:
17237:
17154:
16652:
16524:
16379:
15876:
15631:
15382:
14419:
13282:
13253:
12659:
12455:
12352:
12241:
8113:
7953:
7613:
7587:
6928:
Schmitt, Hans A. (1968). "Count Beust and Germany, 1866â1870: Reconquest, Realignment, or Resignation?".
5806:
5599:
4805:
4780:
4377:. Antisemitic parties and movements existed, but the governments of Vienna and Budapest did not initiate
4272:
4268:
3990:
3733:
3600:
3547:
3529:
3426:
3409:
3214:
3188:
2873:
2801:
2737:
2722:
2078:
2058:
2026:
1993:
1968:
1958:
1943:
1579:
1457:
1360:
Die im Reichsrat vertretenen Königreiche und LÀnder und die LÀnder der Heiligen Ungarischen Stephanskrone
1174:
1120:
946:
422:
289:
12310:
11162:
Sauer, Walter. "Habsburg Colonial: Austria-Hungary's Role in European Overseas Expansion Reconsidered",
8019:
2888:
18617:
18376:
18369:
18335:
18060:
17999:
17967:
17878:
17765:
17660:
17575:
17164:
17062:
16021:
16016:
16006:
15769:
15586:
13287:
12784:
12714:
12460:
12236:
12231:
12213:
12121:
6671:
6027:
were not part of Hungary proper, the latter two were part of the sovereign Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia)
4697:
4578:
4216:, hitherto dominated by German speakers, was divided into German and Czech-speaking faculties in 1882.
4100:
3955:
3923:
3870:
3828:
3656:
3430:
3307:
3253:
2865:
2707:
2253:
1844:
1652:
900:
727:
586:
572:
17352:
13795:
12592:
11121:
8467:
7996:
Banac, Ivo (1992). "'Emperor Karl Has Become a Comitadji': The Croatian Disturbances of Autumn 1918".
6839:
6727:
6392:
4871:
3509:, the latter composed also of territories never intended by the Central Powers to be ceded to Poland.
3429:, the war started out equally poorly. The government accepted the Polish proposal of establishing the
18667:
18113:
18077:
17981:
17820:
17630:
17317:
17252:
17242:
17227:
16562:
16509:
16419:
15734:
15693:
15653:
15340:
14488:
14052:
13785:
13587:
13448:
13292:
13221:
12279:
12142:
11918:
10786:
Armour, Ian D. (2009). "Apple of Discord: Austria-Hungary, Serbia and the Bosnian Question 1867-71".
10406:
7336:... the assassination was followed by officially encouraged anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo ...
6243:
6149:
5898:
5894:
5586:
5402:
5003:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3627:
3543:
3110:
2598:
2493:
2298:
2288:
2103:
1155:
563:
453:
17452:
13216:
12043:, with discussions, syllabi, book reviews, queries, conferences; edited daily by scholars since 1994
11957:
11945:. (ed.: Rudolf Rothaug), K. u. k. Hof-Kartographische Anstalt G. Freytag & Berndt, Vienna, 1911.
11327:
Cornwall, Mark (1992). "News, Rumour and the Control of Information in AustriaâHungary, 1914â1918".
11167:
10257:
10072:
9928:
9331:
6387:
5307:
18597:
18479:
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18148:
18065:
17974:
17800:
17072:
17052:
17017:
16970:
16924:
16276:
16092:
15678:
15601:
15298:
15273:
15123:
14782:
14777:
13875:
12664:
12480:
12445:
12274:
10999:
8848:
8780:
8397:
6173:
6012:
5582:
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3490:
3050:
with Germany in October 1879 and in May 1882. In October 1882 Italy joined this partnership in the
2757:
2638:
2483:
1864:
740:
95:
11718:
Baedeker, Karl (1906). "AustriaâHungary, Including Dalmatia and Bosnia. Handbook for Travellers".
11187:
10904:
5007:
1055:
18607:
18484:
18363:
18330:
18261:
18225:
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18045:
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17905:
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16950:
16642:
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16434:
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15913:
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15759:
15739:
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15621:
15591:
15437:
15365:
15246:
14787:
14740:
14683:
14382:
14326:
14074:
13328:
13206:
12347:
12258:
11236:
Vermes, Gabor. "The Impact of the Dual Alliance on the Magyars of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy"
11144:
Austria-Hungary & the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present
9355:
Peter F. Sugar, PĂ©ter HanĂĄk: A History of Hungary (Publisher: Indiana University Press) Page: 262
7525:
6987:
6833:
6612:
Austria-Hungary & the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present
5576:
5397:
5371:
5342:
5303:
5155:
4747:
4562:
4454:
3513:
3233:
2841:, the Kingdom of Hungary called for greater self-government and later even independence from the
2747:
2687:
2573:
2193:
1910:
1849:
1163:
1051:
821:
427:
352:
18185:
11963:
7357:
3686:, together with the Romanian government, royal court and public authorities, which relocated to
3414:
18325:
17795:
17670:
17585:
17432:
17144:
17077:
16945:
16894:
16826:
16726:
16716:
16514:
16449:
16256:
16185:
15928:
15822:
15776:
15561:
15541:
15387:
15288:
15283:
14971:
14919:
14839:
14772:
14676:
14661:
14554:
14321:
14275:
14116:
14003:
13729:
13672:
13554:
13392:
12607:
12367:
12337:
12246:
11112:
11086:
AustriaâHungary and the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present
9274:
8483:
AustriaâHungary and the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present
6489:
6183:
6094:
5913:
5762:
5605:
5182:(DDSG), was the world's largest inland shipping company until the collapse of Austria-Hungary.
4755:
4707:
4251:
and of Dalmatia (today's Croatia), in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in the provinces known as the
3939:) in Cisleithania. Each parliament had its own executive government, appointed by the monarch.
3745:
3506:
3349:
3106:
3087:
3051:
2928:
2869:
2463:
1712:
1178:
960:
829:
10652:
9909:
9436:
9224:
9009:
8242:
7697:
7033:
6610:
4922:
The first Hungarian steam locomotive railway line was opened on 15 July 1846 between Pest and
434:
18494:
18434:
18310:
18290:
18025:
17883:
17655:
17635:
17615:
17478:
17442:
17397:
17342:
17134:
17129:
16904:
16851:
16676:
16585:
16554:
16494:
16444:
16226:
16216:
15918:
15786:
15754:
15318:
15278:
15091:
14966:
14030:
14020:
13979:
13950:
13825:
13546:
13363:
13196:
12362:
12147:
11863:
10607:
10086:
9684:
Thomas Derdak, AdĂ©le Hast: International Directory of Company Histories â Volume 5 â Page 315
8360:
8213:
7437:
7396:
6982:; Wagnleitner, Reinhold F.; Fellner, Fritz; Zöllner, Erich; Ray, Michael (28 November 2023).
6782:
6708:
6615:. European nations Facts on File library of world history. Infobase Publishing. p. 401.
6367:
5943:
5881:
5326:
5291:
5202:
4972:
Austria: Gmunden (1894); Linz, Vienna (1897); Graz (1898); Trieste (1900); Ljubljana (1901);
4880:
4809:
4775:
4570:
4501:
4326:
4296:
4161:. Beginning in 1882, there was a Slovene majority in the Diet of Carniola and in the capital
3963:
3904:
3800:
3571:
3470:
3385:
3162:
3067:
3019:
2994:
2901:
2834:
2702:
1182:
988:
16806:
15206:
13735:
13678:
11864:"Review Article: Nationalism and all that: Reassessing the Habsburg Monarchy and its legacy"
10294:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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4586:
3167:
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18320:
18266:
18220:
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17559:
17523:
17473:
17332:
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17042:
16919:
16711:
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16464:
16459:
16424:
16366:
15923:
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15781:
15744:
15668:
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15551:
15411:
15241:
15211:
15086:
15017:
14988:
14907:
14241:
14079:
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13790:
13597:
13471:
13453:
12706:
12633:
12585:
12544:
12305:
12251:
12091:
10735:
10253:
10247:
10068:
10062:
9895:
Tramways in Slovakia: Book: JĂșlius Bartl: Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon â p. 112
9248:
7463:
Austrian-Greek encounters over the centuries: history, diplomacy, politics, arts, economics
5902:
5437:
5360:
4731:
4574:
4280:
3807:
3749:
3662:
3623:
3604:
3517:
3124:
In 1914, Slavic militants in Bosnia rejected Austria's plan to fully absorb the area; they
2881:
2752:
2413:
2093:
1798:
1783:
1167:
662:
581:
465:
15191:
13800:
12485:
9645:
7142:
3442:
3418:
2962:
8:
18340:
18200:
18013:
17936:
17665:
17610:
17447:
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17422:
17412:
17377:
17307:
17222:
17192:
17139:
16856:
16610:
16605:
16504:
16499:
16266:
16221:
16180:
16085:
15996:
15938:
15888:
15847:
15791:
15722:
15529:
15103:
14983:
14949:
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14671:
14666:
14478:
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13840:
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13648:
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12569:
12208:
11768:
8487:
5877:
5746:
5613:
5258:
5162:
4961:
4181:
4015:
Comparative demographics of Empire of Austria and Kingdom of Hungary in Europe before WW1
3967:
3811:
3615:
3584:
3494:
2952:
2924:
2877:
2772:
2553:
2223:
2138:
1692:
1657:
1371:
A Birodalmi Tanåcsban képviselt kirålysågok és orszågok és a Magyar Szent Korona orszågai
1075:
549:
14819:
14809:
13885:
13264:
11181:
11130:
10117:
9138:[The Jews in Hungary in the light of the numbers] (in Hungarian). Archived from
8166:"Review of Torrey, Glenn E., Romania and World War I: A Collection of Studies. HABSBURG"
6008:
5355:: Kingdom of Hungary lost 72% of its land and 3.3 million people of Hungarian ethnicity.
4746:) was opened in 1771 in Vienna, the first stock exchange of the Kingdom of Hungary (the
3433:
as the Polish central authority within the Empire, responsible for the formation of the
2829:
18523:
18454:
18421:
18355:
18305:
18210:
18136:
17946:
17895:
17868:
17728:
17564:
17387:
17382:
17347:
17327:
17302:
17297:
17292:
17287:
17282:
17267:
17262:
17207:
17114:
16960:
16831:
16721:
16701:
16657:
16600:
16595:
16572:
16539:
16529:
16519:
16401:
16052:
16045:
15958:
15857:
15827:
15810:
15596:
15576:
15490:
15472:
15464:
15216:
15196:
15179:
15130:
14995:
14804:
14755:
14688:
14606:
14547:
14542:
14537:
14493:
14463:
14355:
14253:
14121:
14096:
13815:
13440:
12654:
12559:
12549:
12475:
11883:
11806:
11745:
11712:
11581:
11497:
11400:
11392:
11340:
11308:
11206:
11157:
11147:
11137:
11061:
11030:
11020:
10981:
10854:
10811:
10803:
10595:
9480:
Case Studies on Modern European Economy: Entrepreneurship, Inventions, and Institutions
8943:
8785:
Sources on Jewish Self-Government in the Polish Lands from Its Inception to the Present
8272:
7921:
7770:
7744:
7640:
7350:
6979:
6961:
6953:
6442:
6286:
6209:
6031:
5955:
5852:
5796:
5738:
5730:
5542:
4859:
4801:
4606:
4554:
4407:
4147:
4080:
3882:
3849:
3788:
3716:
3567:
3520:, who fought for the independence of Czechoslovakia against the Austro-Hungarian army.
3455:
3451:
3114:
3062:
with Russia to keep the Habsburgs from recklessly starting a war over Pan-Slavism. The
3059:
3047:
2968:
2717:
2697:
2692:
2682:
2533:
2348:
2067:
1854:
1765:
1717:
1623:
1588:
1544:
1395:
1365:
1228:
1186:
1059:
1002:
312:
280:
61:
13820:
11685:
A Mad Catastrophe: The Outbreak of World War I and the Collapse of the Habsburg Empire
11472:
Vienna and the Fall of the Habsburg Empire: Total War and Everyday Life in World War I
10862:
The Last Years of AustriaâHungary: Essays in political and military history, 1908â1918
10638:
The Habsburg monarchy, 1809â1918: a history of the Austrian Empire and AustriaâHungary
10143:
9365:
Publishers' Association, Booksellers Association of Great Britain and Ireland (1930).
8897:
Romania. Recueil trimestriel consacré à l'étude des langes et des littératures romanes
8819:
7983:
Vienna and the Fall of the Habsburg Empire: Total War and Everyday Life in World War I
6983:
6137:, Austro-Hungarian occupied 1878 until withdrawal in 1908 whilst formally part of the
4783:, resulting in 50,000 deaths a year. The Istro-Romanians of Istria were also poor, as
4411:
3799:
and declared that their ultimate intention was to unite with Serbia and Montenegro in
3473:
of Germany and Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary. This act promised the creation of the
18394:
18389:
18285:
18172:
17888:
17805:
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15081:
14978:
14693:
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14365:
14360:
14160:
14111:
13747:
13690:
12669:
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12579:
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12554:
12415:
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12126:
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10689:
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10636:
10579:
10560:
10524:
10523:(in German) (11th ed.). Vienna: Manzsche Verlags- und UniversitÀtsbuchhandlung.
10497:
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10411:
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10058:
10023:
9816:
9799:
9778:
9731:
9707:
9567:
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8990:
8918:
8788:
8747:
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8562:
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6338:"Austro-Hungarian Empire k.u.k. Monarchy dual-monarchic Habsburg Emperors of Austria"
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designated Polish instead of German in 1869 as the customary language of government.
4127:
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3784:
3595:, a few kilometres away from the border. At this point, several months of indecisive
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IstvĂĄn Tisza: The Liberal Vision and Conservative Statecraft of a Magyar Nationalist
11646:
11585:
9982:"Budapest's Electric Underground Railway Is Still Running After More Than 120 Years"
9612:
9474:
8165:
8016:"French forces occupy Corfu â History.com This Day in History â 1/11/1916"
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4419:
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At the same time, Hungarian dominance faced challenges from the local majorities of
4066:"), each of the races receives the necessary means of education in its own language.
3622:
river. Italy, although suffering massive casualties, recovered from the blow, and a
1066:. Austria-Hungary constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the
537:
19:
For the relations of the modern-day sovereign countries of Austria and Hungary, see
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The 28 June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in the Bosnian capital,
3082:
3039:
2672:
2338:
1978:
1755:
1702:
1190:
1129:
Bosnia and Herzegovina came under Austro-Hungarian joint military and civilian rule
1016:
714:
344:
336:
332:
324:
320:
164:
139:
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Studii Èi CercetÄri â Actele Simpozionului "Banat â Istorie Èi Multiculturalitate"
6843:. Vol. 3 (9th ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 116â141.
6106:
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river, hoping to seize Ljubljana, and to eventually threaten Vienna. However, the
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11992:
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Folly and malice: the Habsburg empire, the Balkans and the start of World War One
11670:
11653:
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10918:
10883:
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9212:(Volume 18 of Birmingham Byzantine and Ottoman Studies). Routledge, 7 July 2016.
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after the fourth grade, the pupils could express themselves fluently in Hungarian
4123:
3932:
3919:
3771:
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army's composition of multiple ethnicities with different languages and customs.
3614:
On 24 October 1917, Austrians (now enjoying decisive German support) attacked at
3478:
3192:
3176:
2943:, who was the foreign minister from 1866 to 1871, hated the Prussian chancellor,
2932:
2892:
2742:
2433:
2318:
2148:
1793:
1760:
1536:
1526:
Following a decision of Franz Joseph I in 1868, the realm bore the official name
1398:) was the label for institutions common to both parts of the monarchy, e.g., the
1354:
1218:
1112:
1063:
869:
628:
598:
378:
328:
308:
275:
45:
14814:
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11423:
10477:, p. 63, "Through the occupation Austria-Hungary became a colonial power.".
8895:
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as a common holding of Cisleithania and Transleithania under the control of the
18544:
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13850:
13626:
13475:
13312:
13136:
12646:
12342:
12315:
12198:
11996:
11906:
Sked, Alan. "Explaining the Habsburg Empire, 1830â90." in Pamela Pilbeam, ed.,
11817:
Körner, Axel. "Beyond Nation States: New Perspectives on the Habsburg Empire."
11447:
The economic policy of Austria-Hungary during the war in its external relations
11223:
10762:
9077:
8282:
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On 15 May 1916, the Austrian Chief of Staff Conrad von Hötzendorf launched the
3556:
3486:
3282:
3278:
3270:
3018:. With help from Romania and Greece, Russia defeated the Ottomans and with the
2936:
2850:
2791:
2016:
1495:
1449:
1139:
1132:
1085:
675:
356:
304:
118:
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11941:
Geographischer Atlas zur Vaterlandskunde an der österreichischen Mittelschulen
11577:
11304:
10879:
10832:
10712:
9832:
Tramways in Czech Republic: Book: Jan VinaĆ : HistorickĂ© krovy (page 351)
9727:
The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe: Volume 2, 1870 to the Present
7926:
The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe: Volume 2, 1870 to the Present
7636:
6941:
6102:
4714:
4392:
In that period, the majority of Jews in AustriaâHungary lived in small towns (
4050:), valid only for the Cisleithanian (Austrian) part of AustriaâHungary, said:
3244:
were opposed. The foreign ministry of Austro-Hungarian Empire sent ambassador
18591:
18573:
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11879:
10305:
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9750:
8991:"Vlachs from the Island Krk in the Primary Historical and Literature Sources"
8554:
Hungary and the Habsburgs, 1765â1800: An Experiment in Enlightened Absolutism
6949:
6732:
6726:
6494:
6450:
5782:
5758:
5688:
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5272:
The most important seaport for the Hungarian part of the monarchy was Fiume (
5032:
4930:
4792:
4719:
4177:
3998:
3966:. It was triggered by disagreement over which language to use for command in
3944:
Bosnia and Herzegovina came under Austro-Hungarian military and civilian rule
3877:
between the Austrian Empire ("Lands Represented in the Imperial Council", or
3857:
3635:; under his command, the Italians retook the initiative and won the decisive
3619:
3559:
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3303:
3002:
2976:
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1859:
1201:
1100:
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384:
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10945:
What Life Was Like: At Empire's End : Austro-Hungarian Empire 1848â1918
10922:
10840:
10547:
10511:
8705:
7778:
7599:
7291:
Scholar, patriot, mentor: historical essays in honor of Dimitrije DjordjeviÄ
6741:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 279â286.
3975:. The negotiations in 1917 ended with the dissolution of the Dual Monarchy.
3682:, and part of the population moved to the unoccupied Romanian territory, in
3196:
2916:
Bosnian Muslim resistance during the battle of Sarajevo in 1878 against the
17362:
16884:
16846:
16746:
16329:
15534:
15497:
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14138:
13855:
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12536:
11462:
11454:
11047:
10887:
10195:
10033:
10022:. Museum and Galleries of Ljubljana; City Museum of Ljubljana. p. 63.
9774:
History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe in the Long Nineteenth Century
9221:
9154:
7570:
6859:
Hungary's Long Nineteenth Century: Constitutional and Democratic Traditions
6787:
6770:
Die Doppelmonarchie Ăsterreich-Ungarn. Ein politisches Lesebuch (1867â1918)
6262:
6239:
6128:
6127:
between present borders with Croatia (SW) and Bosnia and Herzegovina (NW),
6038:
5935:
5829:
5720:
5453:
5238:
5190:
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1707:
1629:
1453:
1342:
1108:
240:
211:
186:
11357:
10967:
10799:
9108:
6705:
Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States
6377:. New England Publishing Company (Boston), 1888. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
6054:
5714:
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2981:
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14861:
14574:
14483:
14473:
14399:
14047:
14042:
13865:
13305:
13201:
10540:
From Sadowa to Sarajevo: the foreign policy of Austria-Hungary, 1866â1914
9584:
8874:
AsociaÈia TransilvanÄ Pentru Literatura RomĂąnÄ Èi Cultura Poporului RomĂąn
8820:"Charles University | Czech Republic, 14th Century, Faculty | Britannica"
7818:
6503:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 2â39.
6254:
6124:
5909:
5873:
5695:, and adopted the Swiss currency instead of the Austrian. In April 1919,
5692:
5656:
5609:
5299:
5056:
4784:
4154:
could not be substituted for German as the language of higher education.
4143:
4072:
4019:
3900:
3534:
3502:
3202:
3148:
1205:
1143:
688:
633:
170:
13345:
11844:
10807:
6832:
6547:"Martin Mutschlechner: The Dual Monarchy: two states in a single empire"
6335:
5406:
4986:
Bohemia: Prague (1891); Teplice (1895); Liberec (1897); ĂstĂ nad Labem,
4933:: A set of four electric commuter rai lines were built in Budapest, the
4165:; they replaced German with Slovene as their primary official language.
3899:
in German) formed for the few matters of common national security - the
2762:
18300:
17149:
17087:
17006:
16246:
16211:
15054:
14871:
14745:
14705:
14638:
13758:
13701:
11396:
11093:
Twilight of the Habsburgs: The Life and Times of Emperor Francis Joseph
9754:
9642:"125 godina telefonije u Hrvatskoj (125 years of Telephony in Croatia)"
8268:"Review of Austro-Hungarian War Aims in the Balkans during World War I"
6957:
6535:(in Hungarian). Hungarian Central Statistical Office. 1912. p. 17.
6116:
5980:
5838:
5786:
5696:
5347:
5210:
5048:
4942:
4468: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4415:
4006:
3911:
3874:
3102:
In performance of this promise a constitution was promulgated in 1910.
3031:
3010:
2963:
1878â1914: Congress of Berlin, Balkan instability and the Bosnia Crisis
1697:
1675:
1337:), but none of these became widespread either in Hungary or elsewhere.
1123:, an autonomous region under the Hungarian crown, which negotiated the
1104:
11749:
11711:(1915) English translations of official documents to justify the war.
11592:
Kronenbitter, GĂŒnther. "Pre-war Military Planning (AustriaâHungary)."
10557:
Bosnien-Herzegowina in der österreichisch-ungarischen Epoche 1878â1918
6488:
6134:
6050:
4938:
4106:
3063:
17508:
17498:
17067:
16374:
16261:
15893:
15611:
14944:
14715:
14599:
14569:
14350:
14224:
14015:
10619:
10314:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 3.
9955:
9564:
Industrielle Revolution in Deutschland. Regionen als Wachstumsmotoren
8354:
6449:
refers to as "Ruthenian"; and Yiddish was the common language of the
6258:
6064:
5994:
5862:
5444:
lost roughly 72% of the pre-war territory of the Kingdom of Hungary.
5314:
5254:
5131:
5072:
5025:
4973:
4835:
4759:
4252:
4220:
4162:
3679:
3661:
On 27 August 1916, Romania declared war against AustriaâHungary. The
1869:
1683:
9438:
God's Playground A History of Poland: Volume II: 1795 to the Present
7161:
7050:
7030:
The Enemy at the Gate: Habsburgs, Ottomans and the Battle for Europe
6672:"Hungary - Dual Monarchy, Austro-Hungarian Empire, WWI | Britannica"
6437:
s "RumÀni or Wallachian" refers to what is today known as Romanian;
5481:
5147:
The start of construction of the underground in Budapest (1894â1896)
5100:
4812:, but Hungary had a better position in the modern industries of the
4566:
4443:
4084:
4027:
3587:"): the Austrians broke through the opposing front and occupied the
3232:
Some members of the government, such as Minister of Foreign Affairs
17745:
17685:
17645:
17528:
17518:
17337:
16836:
16108:
15524:
15507:
15429:
14345:
14128:
14086:
14025:
12408:
12167:
12018:
11802:
11731:
11608:
The First World War and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914â1918
11388:
9011:
A People Apart: A Political History of the Jews in Europe 1789â1939
8209:
6120:
6068:
6020:
5990:
5974:
5947:
5869:
5858:
5096:
5092:
5052:
4875:
A stentor reading the day's news in the TelefonhĂrmondĂł of Budapest
4796:
4358:
4308:
4236:
4158:
4139:
3671:
3389:
3184:
2986:
2856:
In the 1860s, the Empire faced two severe defeats: its loss in the
1679:
1647:
1637:
246:
9295:
7173:
7123:
6110:
4987:
4381:
or implement official antisemitic policies. They feared that such
4205:
3225:
17716:
17538:
17493:
17468:
17022:
16731:
16349:
16302:
16241:
16165:
16119:
15502:
15460:
14258:
14187:
14143:
13998:
12040:
11760:(1940), pp. 103â159 summarizes memoirs of major participants
10217:
9759:
The Industrial Revolution in National Context: Europe and the USA
8206:
Culture and Customs of Hungary, Cultures and Customs of the World
6186:, a form of administration adopted by the Austro-Hungarian Empire
6098:
6042:
6000:
5969:
5887:
5465:
5429:
5119:
5060:
5018:
4999:
4991:
4905:
Detailed railway map of Austrian and Hungarian railways from 1911
4394:
4378:
4312:
4260:
4248:
4232:
3675:
3667:
3249:
2912:
2648:
1915:
1633:
1599:
412:
396:
14059:
11286:"Silent War and Bitter Peace: The Revolution of 1918 in Austria"
11027:
The Development of the Economies of Continental Europe 1850â1914
10994:
The Austrian Mind: An Intellectual and Social History, 1848â1938
10852:. Glasgow: Fontana Economic History of Europe. pp. 228â278.
9675:
Telephone History Institute: Telecom History â Issue 1 â Page 14
9613:
DĂĄniel SzabĂł; ZoltĂĄn FĂłnagy; IstvĂĄn SzathmĂĄri; TĂŒnde CsĂĄsztvay.
7825:. (CUP Archive)London: Cambridge University Press. p. 479.
6079:
5104:
4934:
4403:
4330:
3687:
17620:
17533:
16796:
16696:
16339:
16195:
15512:
14091:
13966:
13529:
10897:
Austria, Hungary, and the Habsburgs: Central Europe c.1683â1867
9615:"KettĆs kötĆdĂ©s : Az OsztrĂĄkâMagyar Monarchia (1867â1918)"
9503:
Paula Sutter Fichtner: Historical Dictionary of Austria (p. 69)
8914:
O istorie a RomĂąnilor din Peninsula BalcanicÄ: secolul XVIII-XX
6978:
6060:
5984:
5842:
5421:
5380:(which after a few other short-lived intermediaries became the
5273:
5186:
5159:
5127:
5123:
5088:
5084:
5068:
4950:
4374:
4256:
4240:
4201:
4196:
4130:
of the Empire, but the Germans had difficulty in accepting the
3563:
3539:
3179:, although some believe it depicts Ferdinand Behr, a bystander.
2128:
1641:
236:
11271:
Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I § Further reading
7434:
Unholy Terror: Bosnia, Al-Qa'ida, and the Rise of Global Jihad
5938:, the coast and the immediate hinterland around the cities of
5185:
In 1900 the engineer C. WagenfĂŒhrer drew up plans to link the
4923:
4702:
4075:(part of Bohemia), looked to Berlin in the new German Empire.
3950:
with the Great Powers and Austria-Hungary's Balkan neighbors,
1146:, which began with an Austro-Hungarian war declaration on the
16077:
15485:
14725:
13539:
13522:
13515:
13508:
13491:
13481:
9777:(in Hungarian). University of California Press. p. 152.
9330:. Ryeson Polytechnical Institute. p. 216. Archived from
9040:
The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad
6156:
6109:
including the immediate surrounding area west of the city of
6046:
5939:
5222:
5111:
5080:
5014:
4763:
4244:
4228:
3592:
3393:
3195:
killed two and damaged numerous Serb-owned buildings. Writer
3109:
of 1908-09 were the foreign ministers of Austria and Russia,
2828:
Following Hungary's defeat against the Ottoman Empire in the
1687:
1619:
1080:
Hungary terminated the union with Austria on 31 October 1918.
402:
12002:
10732:
Studije iz pravne povijesti Bosne i Hercegovine: 1878 - 1941
10686:
Ring of Steel: Germany and AustriaâHungary at War, 1914â1918
10432:
9871:"Trams and Tramways in Romania â TimiÈoara, Arad, Bucharest"
8307:
8305:
4208:(while retaining a slight numerical majority in the city of
3740:
3643:
was lost by 31 October 1918 and the armistice was signed at
17503:
16344:
16334:
16324:
16307:
13501:
12035:
10494:
A Diplomatic History of Europe Since the Congress of Vienna
7288:
6595:
Az 1867-iki (i.e. ezernyolcszĂĄzhatvanhetediki) kiegyezĂ©srĆl
5166:
5115:
4995:
4980:
4843:
4601:
Literacy in Hungary by counties in 1910 (excluding Croatia)
4209:
2108:
1185:, respectively, and most of the territorial demands of the
13935:
11481:
The First World War: Germany and AustriaâHungary 1914â1918
10578:(in German) (2nd ed.). Vienna: Böhlau StudienbĂŒcher.
9058:
9046:
8615:
6466:
Geographischer Atlas zur Vaterlandskunde, 1911, Tabelle 3.
6426:"Romani" refers to the language of those described by the
3206:
was established and carried out the persecution of Serbs.
1343:
The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council
1340:
The realm's full name used in internal administration was
11960:
at the International Encyclopedia of the First World War.
11278:
For God and Kaiser: The Imperial Austrian Army, 1619â1918
11010:
The Dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, 1867â1918
9634:
8720:
A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change, Routledge
8426:
8371:
8302:
8239:
For God and Kaiser: The Imperial Austrian Army, 1619-1918
7582:
7580:
7203:
4553:
The first university in the Austrian half of the Empire (
4316:
4200:
and became a minority to Czech speakers in the cities of
3458:, and it caused an economic crash in the Russian Empire.
1518:, the only official language in Croatia and Slavonia was
12036:
Oldphoto.info â Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Army
9953:
8043:
Italian foreign policy in the interwar period, 1918â1940
5173:
4561:
in Prague in 1347, the second oldest university was the
4307:. The proposal was very popular among them. The Italian
4271:
and Bosnia and Herzegovina many advocated the idea of a
3831:. KĂĄrolyi followed suit on 16 November, proclaiming the
2860:
broke its dominion over a large part of Northern Italy (
1430:
only in 1889 at the request of the Hungarian government.
11913:
Sked, Alan. "AustriaâHungary and the First World War."
11624:
Sked, Alan. "AustriaâHungary and the First World War."
11218:
Usher, Roland G. "Austro-German Relations Since 1866."
10342:"The successor states to the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy"
7322:. American Universities Field Staff. 1964. p. 44.
5920:(except its northern corner) and most of the oblast of
1193:
were also recognized by the victorious powers in 1920.
10705:
AustriaâHungary and the Origins of the First World War
10624:
The Decline and Fall of the Habsburg Empire, 1815â1918
10318:
10282:
10280:
9723:
9325:"Banking in Hungarian Economic Development, 1867â1919"
8673:
7958:
With Our Backs to the Wall: Victory and Defeat in 1918
7920:
7577:
6772:, Presses Univ. Septentrion, 2002, Villeneuve d'Ascq,
4621:
Literacy in Kingdom of Hungary, incl. male and female
4122:) by German intellectuals and had always been granted
3711:
action, and 700,000 soldiers were wounded in the war.
3603:). As the Russian Empire collapsed as a result of the
1277:
Kaiserliche und königliche Monarchie Ăsterreich-Ungarn
10114:"Unione Austriaca (Austro-Americana) / Cosulich Line"
8290:
6364:
The Essentials of Geography for School Year 1888â1889
5811:
Bosnia and Herzegovina (Austro-Hungarian condominium)
5392:(between the victors of World War I and Austria) and
5313:, which were separate national institutions, and the
4718:
Black Friday, 9 May 1873, Vienna Stock Exchange. The
3014:
the conflict between the two powers escalated into a
12015:
and the collapse of AustriaâHungary at omniatlas.com
11995: (archived 12 January 2008) â extensive list of
10825:
Francis Joseph: emperor of Austria â King of Hungary
10426:
8623:"Slovakia â Hungary Relations in the European Union"
7282:
6315:
Bosnia-Herzegovina is excluded from these estimates.
5589:, subsequently briefly restored and replaced by the
12526:
10954:(Cambridge University Press, 1987, pp. 72â150.
10335:
10333:
10277:
9511:
9509:
9409:
8917:(in Romanian). Bucharest: Biblioteca BucureÈtilor.
8328:"Hungarian foreign ministers from 1848 to our days"
6699:
6697:
6460:
4114:
Italian was regarded as an old "culture language" (
3985:
Ethnic and religious composition of Austria-Hungary
3546:. Italy's victory marked the end of the war on the
2985:Recruits from Bosnia-Herzegovina, including Muslim
2907:
12076:
11969:Microsoft Encarta: The height of the dual monarchy
11546:Disjoined partners: Austria and Germany since 1815
11213:Eastern Europe: An Historical Geography: 1815â1945
10850:The Emergence of Industrial Societies vol 4 part 1
10635:
10594:
9608:
9606:
8988:
8853:Stvaranje-DrĆŸave-SHS, Creation of the state of SHS
8203:
7714:
7349:
7253:
5196:
5043:Electric tramway lines in the Kingdom of Hungary:
4787:lost strength and agriculture was not productive.
3946:until it was fully annexed in 1908, provoking the
3922:(commonly known as the National Assembly) and the
2099:The Carpathian Basin before the Hungarian conquest
1131:until it was fully annexed in 1908, provoking the
13181:
11783:Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writers
10242:
10057:
8085:. Vol. I. Xlibris Corporation. p. 339.
7500:"Primary Documents: Austrian Ultimatum to Serbia"
7289:DjordjeviÄ, Dimitrije; Richard B. Spence (1992).
7143:"The Austrian Occupation of Novibazar, 1878â1909"
5485:New hand-drawn borders of AustriaâHungary in the
4592:
3285:, hoping to gain territory from its former ally.
1456:(Austria); "royal" in this label referred to the
18589:
10603:; highly detailed history; emphasis on ethnicity
10433:Tucker, Spencer; Priscilla Mary Roberts (2005).
10330:
9724:Broadberry, Stephen; O'Rourke, Kevin H. (2010).
9506:
9153:Karady, Victor; Nagy, Peter Tabor, eds. (2012).
8966:. IaÈi: Tipografia NaÈionalÄ. pp. 119â198.
8628:. Suedosteuropa-gesellschaft.com. Archived from
8068:Isonzo: The Forgotten Sacrifice of the Great War
7530:The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914
6861:. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, the Netherlands.
6694:
6519:(in German). Ăsterreichische Nationalbibliothek.
5655:the short-lived Ruthenian (Ukrainian and Rusyn)
5476:
4866:
4804:between the east and west, besides the existing
4279:, Archduke Franz Ferdinand and emperor and king
4275:monarchy; among the supporters of the idea were
4150:under his arm; this was to demonstrate that the
3400:and fought alongside British and French troops.
3252:, where he inquired about the standpoint of the
1347:Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen
1154:by the time the military authorities signed the
13212:Privilegiertes uniformiertes Grazer BĂŒrgerkorps
10491:
10142:. Members.dame.at. 16 June 1908. Archived from
9603:
8732:Beniston, Judith; Vilain, Robert, eds. (2004).
8393:Hungary in World War II: Caught in the Cauldron
7234:
7228:
7179:
7167:
7129:
7056:
4968:Electric tramway lines in the Austrian Empire:
4965:AustriaâHungary was built in Budapest in 1887.
4540:
3550:and secured the dissolution of AustriaâHungary.
1414:(Army). The common army changed its label from
1369:
1111:, the northern and western parts of the former
53:
11605:
11505:The Austro-Hungarian Forces in World War I (2)
10952:Modern Austria: Empire and Republic, 1815â1986
9908:, fifth edition, Wolden Publishing Ltd, 2003,
9770:
8900:(in French). Ămile Bouillon. pp. 240â256.
8842:
8781:"Jewish Self-Government in Galicia, 1815â1914"
8731:
7731:
7729:
7592:The First World War and International Politics
7235:Finestone, Jeffrey; Massie, Robert K. (1981).
6588:
6336:Citype â Internet â Portal Betriebsges.m.b.H.
4956:
4842:, today's Bratislava) in December 1847 and in
4315:conditions, and those living in the island of
3256:on 5 July and received a supportive response.
3213:Crowds on the streets in the aftermath of the
3079:annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina in October 1908
3022:tried to create a large pro-Russian Bulgaria.
18653:States and territories disestablished in 1918
17701:
16093:
15445:
13951:
13167:
12859:
12752:
12512:
12062:
11720:Bulletin of the American Geographical Society
11643:Austro-Hungarian Army and the First World War
11444:
11231:The Austro-Hungarian mind: at home and abroad
11183:A Short History of AustriaâHungary and Poland
11095:. New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1995.
10576:Ăsterreichische und deutsche Rechtsgeschichte
10559:(in German). Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag.
10105:
9530:
9441:. Oxford University Press. pp. 106â108.
9434:
9296:Robert B. Kaplan; Richard B. Baldauf (2005).
9202:
9180:"The beginnings of the Alma Mater Rudolphina"
7900:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 24.
7618:"The failure of peace by negotiation in 1917"
7565:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. pp. 121â161.
7492:
7425:
7135:
6396:. Vol. III (9th ed.). p. 118.
5039:(1895); KrakĂłw (1901); TarnĂłw, Cieszyn (1911)
4917:
4795:of the Kingdom of Hungary with the centre of
4023:Ethno-linguistic map of Austria-Hungary, 1910
3138:History of Austria-Hungary during World War I
2809:
2034:
1827:History of Austria-Hungary during World War I
15408:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy
11939:
11775:
11186:. Encyclopaedia Britannica Company. p.
9414:. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. p. 80.
9133:
8963:O cÄlÄtorie prin satele romĂąneÈti din Istria
8778:
8691:
8647:
8587:
8204:Buranbaeva, Oksana; Mladineo, Vanja (2011).
7873:The Serbs Volume 10 of The Peoples of Europe
7823:The New Cambridge Modern History. volume xii
7384:
7341:
7223:European Alliances and Alignments: 1871â1890
7015:European Alliances and Alignments: 1871â1890
6881:
6879:
6877:
6380:
5047:Hungary: Budapest (1887); Pressburg/Pozsony/
4116:
4061:
4055:
4031:
3894:
1522:, and the institutions were "only" Croatian.
1508:
1488:
1480:
1472:
1464:
1442:
1434:
1424:
1416:
1408:
1400:
1388:
1381:
1358:
1281:CsĂĄszĂĄri Ă©s KirĂĄlyi OsztrĂĄkâMagyar Monarchia
1260:
1150:on 28 July 1914. It was already effectively
130:
37:
13742:Maximilian Daublebsky Freiherr von Sterneck
13685:Maximilian Daublebsky Freiherr von Sterneck
12783:
11908:Themes in Modern European History 1830â1890
11834:
11542:
11522:Kann, Robert A.; et al., eds. (1977).
10654:War and Revolution in Yugoslavia: 1941â1945
10597:A History of the Habsburg Empire: 1526â1918
9076:
8604:
8457:
7803:Kann, Robert A.; et al., eds. (1977).
7726:
7563:A Diplomatic History of the First World War
7105:
6899:"The War of 1866 and the Undoing of Vienna"
6638:"Könyvszemle (Book review): Kozåri Monika:
3885:("Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen", or
3881:) in the western and northern half and the
3650:
3609:Russians ended their involvement in the war
3489:, with the nominal authority vested in the
3311:with military commanders during World War I
1563:
1498:, the lands of the Hungarian crown. In the
109:
18643:States and territories established in 1867
17708:
17694:
16100:
16086:
15452:
15438:
13958:
13944:
13174:
13160:
12759:
12745:
12519:
12505:
12069:
12055:
11445:GrĂĄtz, GusztĂĄv; SchĂŒller, Richard (1928).
11180:Steed, Henry Wickham; et al. (1914).
10702:
10647:
10606:
10474:
10378:, Morgenblatt. 24 August 1919. p. 2.
10087:"Deutschlandfunk â Essay und Diskurs"
9730:. Cambridge University Press. p. 80.
9177:
9152:
9136:"A magyarorszĂĄgi zsidĂłk a szĂĄmok tĂŒkrĂ©ben"
9064:
9052:
7848:The Russian Empire: A Multi-ethnic History
7751:. Cambridge University Press. p. 95.
7738:"AustriaâHungary's economy in World War I"
7694:The European Powers in the First World War
7419:
7027:
6820:on 27 March 2019 – via Google Books.
6608:
6329:
5708:Kingdoms and countries of AustriaâHungary
4046:Article 19 of the 1867 "Basic State Act" (
3896:Ministerrat fĂŒr gemeinsame Angelegenheiten
3523:
3403:
3373:
3175:is usually associated with the capture of
2849:was crushed by the Austrian military with
2816:
2802:
2041:
2027:
176:
163:
121:for 'Indivisibly and inseparably')
18658:1918 disestablishments in Austria-Hungary
11739:
11240:(1980) vol 7 DOI: 10.1163/187633080x00211
11039:The Grand Strategy of the Habsburg Empire
10905:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199541621.001.0001
10518:
10394:
10372:"Die amtliche Meldung ĂŒber den RĂŒcktritt"
10220:. Ddsg-blue-danube.at. 13 November 2006.
9391:
9382:
9373:
9094:From 45,5% to 50,4%. Randolph L. Braham:
8955:
8953:
8779:Wierzbieniec, WacĆaw (28 December 2021),
8389:
8281:
8163:
8080:
8065:
8045:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 4.
7960:. Harvard University Press. p. 399.
7952:
7612:
7586:
7454:
7431:
7293:. East European Monographs. p. 313.
6874:
5501:New borders of AustriaâHungary after the
5363:of the former AustroâHungarian monarchy:
4742:. The first Austrian stock exchange (the
4549:Literacy in Austria-Hungary (census 1880)
4528:Learn how and when to remove this message
4142:carrying what he claimed to be the whole
4038:ethnographic map of Austria-Hungary, 1885
3741:1918: Demise, disintegration, dissolution
3337:Archduke Friedrich von Ăsterreich-Teschen
3323:
3288:
3153:Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
3131:
2973:Bosnia and Herzegovina in Austria-Hungary
1541:Ăsterreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie/Reich
793:621,538 km (239,977 sq mi)
11785:(Rutledge, 1999) 1:60â63, historiography
11758:Recent Revelations of European Diplomacy
11717:
11696:. London: ShepheardâWalwyn. p. 416.
11691:
11493:The Dissolution of the Habsburg Monarchy
11347:
11326:
11245:"Who's Who â Emperor Franz Josef I"
11035:
10938:The Economic Rise of the Habsburg Empire
10859:
10324:
10299:
9399:The Economic Rise of the Habsburg Empire
9034:
9014:. Oxford University Press. p. 299.
8937:
8008:
7870:
7845:
7390:
7347:
7319:Reports Service: Southeast Europe series
6896:
6719:
6717:
6482:
6480:
6478:
6476:
6474:
6472:
5559:
5496:
5480:
5409:and his communist government during the
5346:
5249:
5237:
5142:
4900:
4870:
4713:
4701:
4596:
4544:
4340:
4321:
4105:
4026:
4018:
4010:
3910:Hungary and Austria maintained separate
3856:
3848:
3744:
3697:
3533:
3516:was the first significant action of the
3413:
3298:
3220:
3208:
3166:
2980:
2911:
1200:
168:
15232:
12321:Serbian-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic
11984:Heraldry of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
11435:
11203:The reign of the Emperor Fransis Joseph
11111:
10847:
10210:
10111:
10079:
9322:
8910:
8893:
8864:
8679:
8236:
8040:
7802:
7735:
7672:
7559:Zeman, Z.A.B. (ZbynÄk Anthony Bohuslav)
7542:
6927:
6871:Kann (1974); Sked (1989); Taylor (1964)
6799:
6486:
6215:Lands of the Bohemian Crown (1867â1918)
6195:Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I
5513: Border of AustriaâHungary in 1914
4176:in Hungary were obliged to ensure that
4134:as equal to their own. On one occasion
4110:Physical map of Austria-Hungary in 1914
4071:German nationalists, especially in the
3157:Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I
1196:
18590:
16135:List of current non-sovereign monarchs
13563:Rudolf Stöger-Steiner von SteinstÀtten
12422:Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin
12024:Austro-Hungarian Land Forces 1848â1918
11478:
10996:(University of California Press, 1972)
10957:
10947:(Time Life, 2000); heavily illustrated
10822:
10785:
10763:"Analysis: Austria's troubled history"
10683:
10642:(2nd ed.). London: Penguin Books.
10630:
10537:
10496:(Revised ed.). Harper & Row.
10439:(1 ed.). ABC-CLIO. p. 1183.
10158:
10093:from the original on 14 September 2011
9877:from the original on 20 September 2013
9473:
9299:Language Planning and Policy in Europe
8959:
8950:
8744:Modern Humanities Research Association
8610:
8550:
8432:
8377:
8322:
8320:
8311:
8296:
8148:
7928:. Cambridge University Press. p.
7898:History of Modern Cremation in Romania
7875:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 235.
7720:
7691:
7209:
7012:
6856:
6161:Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin
6123:â western part of the Municipality of
5650:Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin
5447:
4750:) was opened in Budapest in 1864. The
4138:(Anastasius GrĂŒn) entered the Diet of
2880:of 1866 led to the dissolution of the
169:Austria-Hungary in 1914 on the eve of
17689:
16365:
16081:
15433:
13939:
13622:FML Josef Wilhelm Freiher von Gallina
13155:
12740:
12500:
12050:
11894:from the original on 22 February 2023
11682:
11487:
11469:
11374:
11283:
11179:
10894:
10729:
10671:from the original on 17 February 2024
10554:
10521:Ăsterreichische Verfassungsgeschichte
10382:from the original on 26 December 2015
10224:from the original on 2 September 2011
10132:
9962:from the original on 28 November 2009
9178:MĂŒhlberger, Kurt (27 February 2015).
9007:
8760:from the original on 14 November 2023
8575:from the original on 19 November 2023
8479:
8414:from the original on 10 November 2023
8352:
8105:
7995:
7980:
7895:
7817:
7557:
7524:
7460:
7259:
6852:
6850:
6724:
6714:
6642:: Modern magyar politikai rendszerek"
6516:Ăsterreichische Statistik, Neue Folge
6469:
6205:Former countries in Europe after 1815
6200:Ethnic composition of AustriaâHungary
5631:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
5471:
5233:
5174:Inland waterways and river regulation
4824:
3722:
3083:Imperial & Royal finance ministry
1259:). The Austrians also used the names
1241:), though in international relations
17715:
15459:
13846:Archduke Joseph Ferdinand of Austria
13547:Moritz Ritter Auffenberg von KomarĂłw
12451:Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia
12003:History of Austro-Hungarian currency
11861:
11788:
11563:
11521:
11502:
10618:
10592:
10573:
10453:from the original on 14 January 2023
10184:
10172:from the original on 7 December 2011
10010:
9302:. Multilingual Matters. p. 56.
9190:from the original on 1 December 2022
9167:from the original on 9 October 2022.
9115:from the original on 14 October 2012
8883:from the original on 9 October 2022.
8367:from the original on 14 August 2024.
8265:
8130:from the original on 27 January 2024
7506:from the original on 30 October 2004
7149:from the original on 19 January 2012
7077:
7075:
7073:
7071:
7069:
7067:
7065:
7028:Wheatcroft, Andrew (28 April 2009).
6885:
5468:, where he died the following year.
5178:The first Danubian steamer company,
4466:adding citations to reliable sources
4437:
4369:are sometimes viewed as a model for
1514:) ("Royal"), since according to the
13896:Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria
13593:Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen
12204:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
11910:(Routledge, 2002) pp. 141â176.
11679:(Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2020).
11662:(Columbia University Press, 1986);
11610:. Wien/Köln/Weimar: Böhlau Verlag.
9704:Die GroĂindustrie Böhmens 1848â1918
9455:from the original on 3 January 2014
8317:
7461:Kröll, Herbert (28 February 2008).
7395:. Purdue University Press. p.
7326:from the original on 3 October 2023
6830:
6824:
6800:Kotulla, Michael (17 August 2008).
6445:correspond to dialects of what the
6131:(E) and the township of Igalo (NE))
5623:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
5428:, who had been the last commanding
5416:In the summer of 1919, a Habsburg,
5332:
4290:
3797:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
3781:Czechoslovak provisional government
2941:Count Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust
2893:re-established Hungarian parliament
1570:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
1502:, the autonomous institutions used
1224:Ăsterreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie
1117:Transleithania (Kingdom of Hungary)
1072:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
197:Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen
39:Ăsterreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie
13:
16130:List of current sovereign monarchs
15704:Western European broadleaf forests
13583:Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen
13344:
13336:
13327:
12373:Galician Soviet Socialist Republic
11701:
11645:(Cambridge University Press 2021)
11549:. University of California Press.
11350:The Undermining of AustriaâHungary
11341:10.1111/j.1468-229X.1992.tb02392.x
11019:(Harvard University Press, 1951).
10754:
10339:
10300:Headlam, James Wycliffe (1911b). "
10116:. Theshipslist.com. Archived from
9992:from the original on 19 March 2022
9935:from the original on 12 March 2013
9591:from the original on 29 April 2014
9544:from the original on 11 March 2016
9540:(in Croatian). 28 September 2012.
9435:Norman Davies (24 February 2005).
8718:Robert Bideleux and Ian Jeffries,
8523:. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2003.
7352:On Prejudice: A Global Perspective
7093:from the original on 13 March 2012
6847:
6635:
5681:Galician Soviet Socialist Republic
5593:, ultimately transformed into the
5296:Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen
3693:
2858:Second Italian War of Independence
1549:OsztrĂĄkâMagyar Monarchia/Birodalom
1494:) ("Royal Hungarian") referred to
1173:, whereas the independence of the
112:Indivisibiliter ac inseparabiliter
16:1867â1918 empire in Central Europe
14:
18679:
13806:Archduke Joseph August of Austria
13636:Friedrich Graf von Beck-Rzikowsky
13573:Supreme Commander of the Imperial
11950:
11606:Rauchensteiner, Manfried (2014).
11413:The Fall of the House of Habsburg
11132:Emperor Francis Joseph Of Austria
11084:Oakes, Elizabeth and Eric Roman.
10788:Slavonic and East European Review
10773:from the original on 23 June 2011
10601:. University of California Press.
9566:. Stuttgart, Franz Steiner 2004,
9082:The World Reacts to the Holocaust
8989:SpicijariÄ PaĆĄkvan, Nina (2014).
8970:from the original on 1 March 2021
8830:from the original on 29 June 2024
8661:from the original on 15 June 2013
8559:Central European University Press
8241:. Yale University Press. p.
8176:from the original on 5 March 2023
8164:Shanafelt, Gary W. (April 1999).
7998:Slavonic and East European Review
7062:
6994:from the original on 8 April 2024
6909:from the original on 31 July 2021
6652:from the original on 28 July 2013
6598:. Franklin-TĂĄrsulat. p. 321.
6400:from the original on 5 March 2023
6340:. Wien-vienna.com. Archived from
6190:Diplomatic history of World War I
5564:Post-WWI borders on an ethnic map
5302:; the special armies, namely the
5180:Donaudampfschiffahrtsgesellschaft
4886:
4819:
4573:in 1364, while the third oldest (
3481:, envisioned by its authors as a
3295:Diplomatic history of World War I
3238:Count Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf
3001:" was composed in their honor by
2454:Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen
1452:was the term for institutions of
1212:The realm's official name was in
207:Condominium of Bosnia-Herzegovina
18663:1918 disestablishments in Europe
16648:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
13631:FML Anton Freiherr von Schönfeld
12618:Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia
12575:Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
12328:West Ukrainian People's Republic
11837:The Afterlife of AustriaâHungary
11251:from the original on 10 May 2009
11233:(East European Monographs, 1989)
11229:VĂĄrdy, Steven, and Agnes VĂĄrdy.
11105:
11072:from the original on 9 June 2023
10931:Historical Dictionary of Austria
10364:
10352:from the original on 5 June 2023
10287:
10264:
10236:
10051:
10004:
9974:
9947:
9921:
9898:
9889:
9863:
9854:
9845:
9835:
9826:
9809:
9791:
9764:
9744:
9717:
9696:
9687:
9678:
9669:
9660:
9625:
9577:
9556:
9497:
9467:
9428:
9418:
9403:
9358:
9349:
9316:
9289:
9263:
9237:
9171:
9155:"The numerus clausus in Hungary"
9146:
9127:
9101:
9088:
9070:
9028:
9001:
8982:
8931:
8904:
8887:
8858:
8812:
8801:from the original on 4 June 2024
8772:
8725:
8712:
8685:
7696:. Taylor & Francis. p.
7654:from the original on 26 May 2023
7545:Austrian Foreign Policy, 1908â18
7115:. 28 August 2009. Archived from
6725:Jayne, Kingsley Garland (1911).
6682:from the original on 16 May 2024
6553:from the original on 3 June 2023
6487:Headlam, James Wycliffe (1911).
6309:
6220:United States of Greater Austria
5713:
5661:West Ukrainian People's Republic
5618:Polish Soviet Socialist Republic
4893:Imperial Austrian State Railways
4766:, the fifth-largest in Europe.
4442:
4319:were fully assimilated by 1875.
4273:trialist Austro-Hungaro-Croatian
4172:As of June 1907, all public and
3995:United States of Greater Austria
3570:were halted on the river, where
3465:1916 was proclaimed then to the
2908:1866â1878: beyond Lesser Germany
2785:
2077:
2010:
1822:Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
1751:Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg
1598:
1406:(Navy) and, during the war, the
1078:and was dissolved shortly after
1021:
1007:
993:
979:
965:
951:
937:
919:
905:
891:
862:
144:
80:
18603:Former countries in the Balkans
16125:Imperial, royal and noble ranks
13891:Gottfried Freiherr von Banfield
13555:Alexander Freiherr von Krobatin
12471:Romanian occupation of Pokuttia
12097:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
11025:Milward, Alan, and S. B. Saul.
11017:The Hapsburg Monarchy 1867â1914
10848:Cipolla, Carlo M., ed. (1973).
10492:Albrecht-Carrié, René (1973) .
10484:
8544:
8520:The New EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
8511:
8473:
8438:
8383:
8346:
8259:
8230:
8197:
8188:
8157:
8142:
8099:
8074:
8059:
8034:
7989:
7974:
7946:
7914:
7889:
7864:
7839:
7811:
7796:
7685:
7666:
7606:
7551:
7536:
7518:
7482:
7310:
7215:
7194:
7185:
7113:"Austria-Hungary - MSN Encarta"
7021:
7006:
6972:
6921:
6903:Oxford Public International Law
6890:
6865:
6793:
6762:
6745:
6664:
6640:A dualista rendszer (1867â1918)
6629:
6602:
6582:
6565:
6539:
6523:
6295:
6267:
5629:, both later absorbed into the
5608:, contested by the short-lived
5197:Lower Danube and the Iron Gates
4626:Major nationalities in Hungary
4453:needs additional citations for
3978:
3441:and the great fortress city of
3191:, in which Catholic Croats and
3173:arrest of a suspect in Sarajevo
1528:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy/Realm
1500:Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia
1138:Austria-Hungary was one of the
16107:
15659:Alps conifer and mixed forests
13881:Viktor Graf von Scheuchenstuel
13763:Adm Karl Kailer von Kaltenfels
13754:Rudolf Graf/Conte Montecuccoli
13697:Rudolf Graf/Conte Montecuccoli
13278:Imperial-Royal Mountain Troops
12377:(Russian Civil War spill over)
12078:Dissolution of Austria-Hungary
12008:AustriaâHungary, Dual Monarchy
11543:Katzenstein, Peter J. (1976).
11495:. University of Chicago Press.
11003:The Habsburg Empire, 1790â1918
10864:. University of Exeter Press.
10703:Williamson, Samuel R. (1991).
10018:. In Ćœupanek, Bernarda (ed.).
9954:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
8390:Cornelius, Deborah S. (2011).
8081:Cavallaro, Gaetano V. (2010).
6806:. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
6803:Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte
6728:"Bosnia and Herzegovina"
6648:(in Hungarian). p. 1542.
6507:
6412:
6356:
6248:
6232:
5411:HungarianâRomanian War of 1919
5216:
5138:
4593:Universities in Transleithania
3758:Dissolution of Austria-Hungary
3542:on 3 November 1918, after the
3380:Serbian Campaign (World War I)
3128:and precipitated World War I.
3126:assassinated the Austrian heir
2891:. On 20 March 1867, the newly
1:
18648:1867 establishments in Europe
13603:Hermann Kövess von Kövesshåza
13183:Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces
11979:The Austro-Hungarian Military
11964:Habsburg Empire Austrian line
11791:The Journal of Modern History
11771:detailed contemporary account
11415:(Viking, 1963). pp. 449.
11377:The Journal of Modern History
10657:. Stanford University Press.
9644:(in Croatian). Archived from
8353:Giant, Tibor (October 1996).
8018:. History.com. Archived from
7924:; O'Rourke, Kevin H. (2010).
7736:Schulze, Max-Stephan (2005).
7465:. Studienverlag. p. 55.
7393:Serbia's Great War, 1914â1918
6322:
5689:Principality of Liechtenstein
5477:Immediately after World War I
5458:regain the throne in Budapest
5378:Hungarian Democratic Republic
5286:Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces
4998:, Jablonec nad Nisou (1900);
4867:Electronic audio broadcasting
4758:. According to a 2005 study,
3853:Hungarian Parliament building
3845:Government of Austria-Hungary
3838:
3833:Hungarian Democratic Republic
3562:marched his army towards the
3499:Armistice of 11 November 1918
3105:The principal players in the
3094:, made the Emperor's nephew,
2394:RĂĄkĂłczi's War of Independence
2359:Principality of Upper Hungary
2159:Hungarian invasions of Europe
1516:CroatianâHungarian Settlement
1125:CroatianâHungarian Settlement
931:Other territorial successors:
477:Minister-President of Austria
303:German, Hungarian, Croatian,
17776:Principality of Transylvania
16140:List of monarchy referendums
11999:, ministers, and ambassadors
11932:
11264:
11194:Sugar, Peter F. et al. eds.
10860:Cornwall, Mark, ed. (2002).
10538:Bridge, Francis Roy (1972).
9931:. Bkv.hu. 22 November 1918.
9929:"The History of BKV, Part 1"
9706:, MĂŒnchen: Oldenbourg 1987,
9410:Max-Stephan Schulze (1996).
9245:"Miskolc and the University"
8942:(in Romanian). Vol. 9.
8940:Dialectele romĂąne din Istria
8466: â Compromise of 1867,
8445:The 1918 Karl's proclamation
8330:. Mfa.gov.hu. Archived from
7757:10.1017/CBO9780511497339.002
7749:The Economics of World War I
6088:Austro-Hungarian Condominium
4853:
4829:
4814:Second Industrial Revolution
4762:in 1913 was 105,515 million
4541:Universities in Cisleithania
4433:
4214:Charles University in Prague
4034:Meyers Konversations-Lexikon
3861:Austrian Parliament building
3445:and fell in March 1915. The
3343:
3056:League of the Three Emperors
2847:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
2404:Principality of Transylvania
2329:Principality of Transylvania
142:: God preserve, God protect)
133:Gott erhalte, Gott beschĂŒtze
7:
18638:Hungary under Habsburg rule
18613:Former monarchies of Europe
17811:Interwar Kingdom of Hungary
15632:Military history of Austria
15622:Allied-administered Austria
13965:
13736:Friedrich Freiherr von Pöck
13730:VAdm Wilhelm von Tegetthoff
13679:Friedrich Freiherr von Pöck
13673:VAdm Wilhelm von Tegetthoff
13655:Arthur Arz von StrauĂenburg
13641:Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf
13504:Bylandt-Rheydt (der Ăltere)
13283:Imperial and Royal Dragoons
13254:Imperial and Royal Infantry
12660:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
12411:and Transylvania to Romania
11707:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.
11528:. East European Quarterly.
11136:New York: Macmillan, 1929.
11119:. In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.).
11005:, New York, Macmillan 1969.
10899:. Oxford University Press.
10519:Brauneder, Wilhelm (2009).
10436:Encyclopedia of World War I
10112:Swiggum, Sue (3 May 2008).
9517:"Google Drive â MegtekintĆ"
8865:NicoarÄ, VincenÈiu (1890).
8855:, Zagreb, 1958, p. 132â133.
8787:, Brill, pp. 283â351,
8114:Kent State University Press
8066:Schindler, John R. (2001).
7432:Schindler, John R. (2007).
7260:Smith, David James (2010).
7017:(2nd ed.). p. 20.
7013:Langer, William L. (1950).
6167:
5665:Ukrainian People's Republic
5600:First Czechoslovak Republic
5442:restored Kingdom of Hungary
5279:
4957:Tramway lines in the cities
4806:economic and monetary union
4269:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
3991:Trialism in Austria-Hungary
3530:Italian Front (World War I)
3410:Eastern Front (World War I)
3215:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
3189:Anti-Serb riots of Sarajevo
2918:Austro-Hungarian occupation
2609:Hungarian People's Republic
2544:Governorate of Subcarpathia
2484:Hungarian People's Republic
2214:Personal union with Croatia
1175:First Czechoslovak Republic
1121:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
10:
18684:
18623:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
13748:Hermann Freiherr von Spaun
13691:Hermann Freiherr von Spaun
13288:Imperial and Royal Hussars
13207:Imperial Austrian Landwehr
12723:Concession zone in Tianjin
12665:Fiume and its surroundings
12466:HungarianâCzechoslovak War
12232:Republic of German-Austria
12214:Italian Regency of Carnaro
12163:Berthelot-ApĂĄthy Agreement
12122:1920 Carinthian plebiscite
11868:European History Quarterly
11835:KoĆŒuchowski, Adam (2013).
11819:European History Quarterly
11709:Austro-Hungarian red book.
11479:Herweg, Holger H. (2009).
11436:Dedijer, Vladimir (1966).
11420:American Historical Review
11268:
11220:American Historical Review
10958:Judson, Pieter M. (2016).
10823:Bagger, Eugene S. (1927).
10684:Watson, Alexander (2014).
10612:The Army of Francis Joseph
10272:The Army of Francis Joseph
10168:. Aeiou.at. 31 July 2001.
9483:. Routledge. p. 151.
9109:"Hungary â Social Changes"
8911:Zbuchea, Gheorghe (1999).
8041:Burgwyn, H. James (1997).
7871:Cirkovic, Sima M. (2008).
7850:. Routledge. p. 287.
7846:Kappeler, Andreas (2014).
7819:Mowat, C.L. (Charles Loch)
7436:. Zenith Imprint. p.
7348:Gioseffi, Daniela (1993).
6897:Lesaffer, Randall (2021).
6837:. In Baynes, T. S. (ed.).
6157:People's Republic of China
5702:
5336:
5283:
4918:Railways in Transleithania
4890:
4698:Economy of Austria-Hungary
4695:
4691:
4426:as minister of trade, and
4101:Count Kasimir Felix Badeni
3988:
3982:
3842:
3829:Republic of German Austria
3755:
3657:Romania during World War I
3654:
3527:
3431:Supreme National Committee
3407:
3377:
3347:
3327:
3292:
3160:
3146:
3142:
3135:
3090:(1867), and his only son,
2966:
2234:Mongol invasion of Hungary
1845:Republic of German-Austria
1653:Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy
1567:
1558:
1042:, also referred to as the
18:
18633:Modern history of Hungary
18628:Modern history of Austria
18517:
18354:
18273:Universities and colleges
18247:
18238:
18144:
18135:
18021:
18012:
17927:
17918:
17844:
17736:
17727:
17552:
17461:
17175:
16938:
16872:
16684:
16675:
16571:
16553:
16485:
16400:
16358:
16290:
16204:
16148:
16115:
16039:
15957:
15884:
15875:
15818:
15809:
15730:
15721:
15649:
15640:
15471:
15401:
15353:
14870:
14274:
13973:
13786:Archduke Eugen of Austria
13778:
13720:
13663:
13611:
13571:
13462:
13439:
13432:
13407:
13355:
13325:
13293:Imperial and Royal Uhlans
13222:Royal Croatian Home Guard
13189:
13135:
13068:
12960:
12956:
12855:
12779:
12681:
12645:
12535:
12431:
12395:
12298:
12280:Hungarian Soviet Republic
12267:
12224:
12191:
12143:Armistice of Villa Giusti
12135:
12084:
11776:Historiography and memory
11578:10.1017/S0008938900016435
11449:. Yale University Press.
11422:122.4 (2017): 1105â1136.
11305:10.1017/S0067237800020427
11293:Austrian History Yearbook
11198:(1990), pp. 252â294.
11029:(1977) pp. 271â331.
11000:Macartney, Carlile Aylmer
10713:10.1007/978-1-349-21163-0
10614:, Purdue University Press
10555:DĆŸaja, SreÄko M. (1994).
10407:The Columbia Encyclopedia
9538:"Telegraph Vienna-Zagreb"
9367:The Publisher, Volume 133
9080:; Rosenzveig, Charles H.
8237:Bassett, Richard (2015).
8149:Torrey, Glenn E. (1998).
7747:; Harrison, Mark (eds.).
7637:10.1017/S0018246X00013935
7391:MitroviÄ, Andrej (2007).
7237:The last courts of Europe
6942:10.1017/S000893890001476X
6150:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
6148:Other possessions of the
5587:Hungarian Soviet Republic
5405:. Romanian troops ousted
5403:Hungarian Soviet Republic
5294:was under the command of
4629:Rate of literacy in 1910
4277:Archduke Leopold Salvator
3787:signed by members of the
3637:Battle of the Piave river
3628:Vittorio Emanuele Orlando
3599:ensued (analogous to the
3544:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
3263:Herr von Bethmann Hollweg
3111:Alois Lexa von Aehrenthal
3064:SandĆŸak-RaĆĄka / Novibazar
2989:(31%), were drafted into
2599:Second Hungarian Republic
2494:Hungarian Soviet Republic
2444:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
2299:Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
1266:
1239:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
1238:
1156:armistice of Villa Giusti
1070:: it was formed with the
841:
814:
804:
797:
789:
784:
780:
767:
750:
737:
724:
711:
698:
685:
672:
659:
646:
642:
621:
595:
569:
564:Two national legislatures
559:
555:
543:
533:âą 1867â1871 (first)
531:
527:
519:Prime Minister of Hungary
517:
513:
501:
489:
485:
475:
471:
459:
447:
443:
433:
421:
411:
363:
299:
268:
260:
229:
160:
125:
105:
77:
72:
32:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
30:
21:AustriaâHungary relations
18252:Anti-Hungarian sentiment
17932:Administrative divisions
16277:Self-proclaimed monarchy
15654:Administrative divisions
15602:Federal State of Austria
13876:Viktor Dankl von Krasnik
13500:(FZM) Arthur Maximilian
12481:Uprising in West Hungary
12353:Slovak People's Republic
12311:Banat, BaÄka and Baranja
12275:First Hungarian Republic
11880:10.1177/0265691410386424
11683:Wawro, Geoffrey (2014).
11652:12 December 2022 at the
11566:Central European History
10929:Fichtner, Paula Sutter.
10895:Evans, R. J. W. (2008).
10730:Zovko, Ljubomir (2007).
10644:; politics and diplomacy
10593:Kann, Robert A. (1974).
10249:The Statesman's Yearbook
10192:"Wörthersee Schifffahrt"
10166:"Ăsterreichischer Lloyd"
10064:The Statesman's Yearbook
9323:Barcsay, Thomas (1991).
9230:27 February 2024 at the
9096:The Politics of Genocide
8938:Popovici, Iosif (1914).
8894:Weigand, Gustav (1892).
8398:Fordham University Press
7692:Tucker, Spencer (1996).
7356:. Anchor Books. p.
7191:Gooch, 1936, pp 366-438.
6930:Central European History
6225:
6174:Aftermath of World War I
6074:Poland (Polish parts of
6063:(autonomous province of
5893:Poland (voivodeships of
5602:, later "Czechoslovakia"
5583:First Hungarian Republic
5452:Austria had passed the "
5165:. The M1 line became an
4897:Hungarian State Railways
4422:as minister of finance,
4414:as Minister of Justice,
4263:(1859â1878) and Serbia.
3806:On 17 October 1918, the
3801:a large South Slav state
3651:Romanian front 1916â1917
3469:jointly by the Emperors
3447:GorliceâTarnĂłw Offensive
2639:Third Hungarian Republic
1916:Second Austrian Republic
1865:Federal State of Austria
1564:Formation and background
1390:kaiserlich und königlich
1234:OsztrĂĄkâMagyar Monarchia
1158:on 3 November 1918. The
1074:in the aftermath of the
822:Gulden / florin
613:House of Representatives
96:Flags of Austria-Hungary
55:OsztrĂĄkâMagyar Monarchia
18160:Hungarian National Bank
17791:Austro-Hungarian Empire
16545:Vatican City (Holy See)
15689:Pannonian mixed forests
15592:First Austrian Republic
13796:Eduard von Böhm-Ermolli
13767:Adm Maximilian Njegovan
13707:Adm Maximilian Njegovan
13627:Franz Freiherr von John
13476:Franz Freiherr von John
12456:PolishâCzechoslovak War
12348:Republic of Heinzenland
12259:First Austrian Republic
11862:Kwan, Jonathan (2011).
11741:2027/mdp.39015004037399
11692:Zametica, John (2017).
11470:Healy, Maureen (2007).
11348:Cornwall, Mark (2000).
11284:Boyer, John W. (2003).
11247:. First World War.com.
11122:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
11113:Pribram, Alfred Francis
10311:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
10218:"DDSG Blue Danube GmbH"
10020:Emona: Myth and Reality
9906:Europe Review 2003/2004
9873:. beyondtheforest.com.
9771:IvĂĄn T. Berend (2003).
8997:(in Croatian): 345â358.
8960:Burada, Teodor (1896).
8706:10.1163/187633080X00202
8551:BalĂĄzs, Ăva H. (1997).
8468:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
8151:Romania and World War I
8106:Lowry, Bullitt (2000).
7981:Healy, Maureen (2007).
7675:East European Quarterly
7543:Pribram, A. F. (1923).
7262:One Morning in Sarajevo
7032:. Basic Books. p.
6988:Encyclopedia Britannica
6840:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
6738:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
6500:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
6490:"Austria-Hungary"
6457:was also known by many.
6420:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
6393:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
5901:, southernmost part of
5343:Treaty of Saint Germain
4748:Budapest Stock Exchange
4563:Jagiellonian University
4559:H.R. Emperor Charles IV
4335:Neolog Jewish community
4091:(TurĂłcszentmĂĄrton) and
4089:TurÄiansky SvĂ€tĂœ Martin
3889:) in the eastern half.
3524:Italian front 1915â1918
3514:Battle of Zborov (1917)
3404:Russian front 1914â1917
3374:Serbian front 1914â1916
3234:Count Leopold Berchtold
2688:History of Transylvania
2194:Principality of Hungary
1911:Allied-occupied Austria
1850:First Austrian Republic
1164:First Austrian Republic
1052:constitutional monarchy
1050:, was a multi-national
1044:Austro-Hungarian Empire
755:Treaty of Saint-Germain
428:Constitutional monarchy
269:Official languages
18316:International rankings
18191:Science and technology
18071:Chief of General Staff
17766:OttomanâHungarian wars
16827:Islands of Refreshment
16257:Legitimacy (political)
15562:Siege of Vienna (1529)
15542:Margraviate of Austria
13575:and Royal Armed Forces
13536:General der Infanterie
13488:General der Kavallerie
13349:
13341:
13332:
13217:Royal Hungarian Honvéd
13137:Bosnia and Herzegovina
12691:Bosnia and Herzegovina
12608:Margraviate of Moravia
12461:HungarianâRomanian War
12368:Slovak Soviet Republic
12338:Republic of Tarnobrzeg
12247:Bohemian Forest Region
12153:HodĆŸa-Bartha Agreement
12127:1921 Sopron plebiscite
12117:Paris Peace Conference
11940:
11924:31 August 2018 at the
11821:48.3 (2018): 516â533.
11763:Steed, Henry Wickham.
11048:10.23943/9781400889969
10608:Rothenberg, Gunther E.
10410:. 2012. Archived from
9915:14 August 2024 at the
9562:Kiesewetter, Herbert:
8283:10.14296/RiH/2014/1846
7896:Rotar, Marius (2013).
6857:Laszlo, PĂ©ter (2011).
6636:SzĂĄvai, Ferenc Tibor.
6575:, p. 295. Peter Lang (
6571:Schulze, Max-Stephan.
6290:
6282:
6184:Corporative federalism
6095:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5905:(Bielsko and Cieszyn))
5880:and small portions of
5606:Second Polish Republic
5565:
5557:
5553:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5494:
5418:Archduke Joseph August
5356:
5261:
5247:
5148:
5071:(1900); Szatmårnémeti/
4906:
4876:
4771:gross national product
4727:
4711:
4602:
4569:by the King of Poland
4550:
4430:as minister of trade.
4367:Christian Social Party
4354:
4338:
4247:in the crown lands of
4190:The Balkans, 1804â1999
4117:
4111:
4068:
4062:
4057:landesĂŒbliche Sprachen
4056:
4039:
4032:
4024:
4016:
3936:
3895:
3862:
3854:
3814:, seized power in the
3753:
3707:
3551:
3507:Second Polish Republic
3422:
3350:Hungary in World War I
3324:Theaters of operations
3312:
3289:Wartime foreign policy
3267:
3229:
3228:armoured train in 1914
3218:
3180:
3132:1914â1918: World War I
3006:
2937:Lesser German Solution
2929:Peace of Prague (1866)
2920:
2876:) while defeat in the
1713:Margraviate of Austria
1548:
1540:
1509:
1489:
1481:
1473:
1465:
1443:
1435:
1425:
1417:
1409:
1401:
1389:
1382:
1370:
1359:
1334:
1330:
1316:
1312:
1298:
1294:
1280:
1276:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1232:
1222:
1209:
1179:Second Polish Republic
131:
110:
54:
38:
18574:48.20750°N 16.36500°E
17761:Late Medieval Kingdom
17756:High Medieval Kingdom
16638:Saint Kitts and Nevis
16227:Criticism of monarchy
16217:Abolition of monarchy
15378:Medieval great powers
13348:
13340:
13331:
13244:Military Intelligence
13197:Austro-Hungarian Army
12363:Republic of Prekmurje
12148:Armistice of Belgrade
11956:Articles relating to
11765:The Hapsburg monarchy
11641:Tunstall, Graydon A.
11429:16 March 2023 at the
11358:10.1057/9780230286351
11269:Further information:
11222:23.3 (1918): 577â595
11173:5 August 2021 at the
11036:Mitchell, A. (2018).
10992:Johnston, William M.
10968:10.4159/9780674969346
10800:10.1353/see.2009.0004
10574:Hoke, Rudolf (1996).
9134:LĂĄszlĂł SebĆk (2012).
9111:. Countrystudies.us.
9042:. Norton. p. 60.
9008:Vital, David (1999).
8361:University of Warwick
7239:. Dent. p. 247.
6291:AusztriaâMagyarorszĂĄg
5882:Friuli-Venezia Giulia
5663:(later absorbed into
5563:
5525: Borders in 1920
5519: Borders in 1914
5500:
5484:
5390:Saint-Germain-en-Laye
5388:The 1919 Treaties of
5359:There were two legal
5350:
5327:Austro-Hungarian Navy
5292:Austro-Hungarian Army
5267:Kaiser Franz Joseph I
5253:
5244:Kaiser Franz Joseph I
5241:
5146:
4904:
4874:
4810:Industrial Revolution
4717:
4705:
4600:
4571:Casimir III the Great
4548:
4344:
4325:
4109:
4052:
4030:
4022:
4014:
3964:constitutional crisis
3860:
3852:
3748:
3732:Austrians viewed the
3701:
3537:
3443:PrzemyĆl was besieged
3417:
3386:Imperial Russian Army
3302:
3293:Further information:
3258:
3224:
3212:
3170:
3163:Causes of World War I
3161:Further information:
3020:Treaty of San Stefano
2995:Austro-Hungarian Army
2984:
2915:
2902:Holy Crown of Hungary
2835:Treaty of Passarowitz
2713:Transylvanian Princes
2564:Revisions of Délvidék
2349:Wesselényi conspiracy
2129:Kingdom of the Gepids
1257:Ausztria-MagyarorszĂĄg
1204:
1183:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
1127:in 1868. After 1878,
300:Common languages
18505:World Heritage Sites
18377:Palaces and mansions
17741:Hungarian prehistory
16470:United Arab Emirates
15709:World Heritage Sites
15552:Archduchy of Austria
15388:European colonialism
15373:Ancient great powers
13831:Karol Durski-Trzaska
13791:Franz Rohr von Denta
13771:RAdm Franz von Holub
13759:Grand Adm Anton Haus
13702:Grand Adm Anton Haus
13472:Feldmarschalleutnant
12710:(de facto 1878â1908)
12707:Sanjak of Novi Pazar
12634:County of Vorarlberg
12586:Gorizia and Gradisca
12545:Archduchy of Austria
12446:PolishâUkrainian War
12306:Republic of Zakopane
12252:German South Moravia
12092:Treaty of Versailles
11828:5 March 2023 at the
11669:5 March 2023 at the
11599:5 March 2023 at the
11503:Jung, Peter (2003).
11438:The Road to Sarajevo
11322:on 11 February 2020.
11196:A History of Hungary
11152:Rudolph, Richard L.
10962:. pp. 264â436.
10736:University of Mostar
10402:"Trianon, Treaty of"
10270:Gunther Rothenburg,
10013:"Sustained Interest"
10011:Ćœmuc, Irena (2010).
9585:"TelegrĂĄf â Lexikon"
9142:on 20 February 2015.
8876:(in Romanian): 3â9.
8849:BudisavljeviÄ, SrÄan
8480:Roman, Eric (2009).
8450:8 March 2021 at the
8266:Uyar, Mesut (2015).
7784:on 29 September 2018
7594:. pp. 139â148.
7180:Albrecht-Carrié 1973
7168:Albrecht-Carrié 1973
7130:Albrecht-Carrié 1973
7057:Albrecht-Carrié 1973
6984:"History of Austria"
6135:SandĆŸak-RaĆĄka region
5908:Ukraine (oblasts of
5434:Grand Trianon Palace
5226:floods in the area.
5006:(1902); BudÄjovice,
4962:Horse-drawn tramways
4732:Technological change
4575:University of Vienna
4462:improve this article
4418:as Minister of War,
4182:spheres of influence
3914:, each with its own
3808:Hungarian Parliament
3624:coalition government
3605:Bolshevik Revolution
3518:Czechoslovak Legions
3477:out of territory of
3171:This picture of the
2999:Die Bosniaken kommen
2882:German Confederation
2414:Hungarian Reform Era
2094:Hungarian prehistory
1799:German Confederation
1784:Archduchy of Austria
1444:kaiserlich-königlich
1197:Name and terminology
1166:were treated as its
1099:At its core was the
806:âą 1910 estimate
491:âą 1867 (first)
18570: /
17666:Trinidad and Tobago
17553:Commonwealth realms
17438:United Baltic Duchy
16581:Antigua and Barbuda
16573:Commonwealth realms
16267:Order of succession
15943:freedom of religion
15530:Ostrogothic Kingdom
15383:Modern great powers
13841:Tadeusz Rozwadowski
13664:Commanders-in-Chief
13649:Blasius von Schemua
13484:Kuhn von Kuhnenfeld
12570:Kingdom of Dalmatia
12209:Free State of Fiume
12029:28 May 2014 at the
11845:10.2307/j.ctt7zw9vt
11635:1 June 2022 at the
11626:Histoire@ Politique
11411:Crankshaw, Edward.
11238:East Central Europe
10960:The Habsburg Empire
10950:Jelavich, Barbara.
10769:. 3 February 2000.
10414:on 28 December 2008
9337:on 17 November 2014
9277:on 19 November 2012
8694:East Central Europe
8657:. Verfassungen.de.
8488:Infobase Publishing
8435:, pp. 542â556.
8380:, pp. 541â542.
8314:, pp. 536â540.
7922:Broadberry, Stephen
7745:Broadberry, Stephen
7532:. pp. 420â430.
7225:pp. 138, 155â6, 163
7212:, pp. 338â339.
7132:, pp. 201â214.
6831:Kay, David (1878).
6609:Eric Roman (2003).
6344:on 23 November 2011
6037:Romania (region of
6030:Ukraine (oblast of
5934:Montenegro (bay of
5927:Romania (county of
5878:province of Belluno
5709:
5614:Tarnobrzeg Republic
5577:Republic of Austria
5448:Habsburg banishment
5398:Republic of Austria
5372:Republic of Austria
5259:Kingdom of Dalmatia
5163:World Heritage Site
5079:(1905); Nagyszeben/
4979:Austrian Littoral:
4622:
4385:could ignite other
4345:Orthodox Jews from
4329:Great Synagogue in
4227:and in the eastern
4163:Laibach (Ljubljana)
4093:KlĂĄĆĄtor pod Znievom
3666:Romania (including
3585:punitive expedition
3456:revolutions of 1917
3236:and Army Commander
2953:Franco-Prussian war
2931:which settled the "
2925:Austro-Prussian war
2878:Austro-Prussian War
2839:revolutions of 1848
2554:Second Vienna Award
2139:Ostrogothic Kingdom
1778:Early modern period
1658:Ostrogothic Kingdom
1474:königlich-ungarisch
1402:k.u.k. Kriegsmarine
1094:Bosnian Condominium
1076:Austro-Prussian War
545:âą 1918 (last)
503:âą 1918 (last)
341:Romani (Carpathian)
18579:48.20750; 16.36500
18455:Hungarian language
18306:Hungarian diaspora
18206:Telecommunications
17831:Revolution of 1956
17786:Revolution of 1848
15853:Telecommunications
15597:Austrian Civil War
15577:Congress of Vienna
15572:March Constitution
15491:Kingdom of Noricum
13350:
13342:
13333:
13227:42nd Inf. Division
12655:Kingdom of Hungary
12560:Duchy of Carinthia
12550:Kingdom of Bohemia
12476:Silesian Uprisings
12290:Kingdom of Hungary
12285:Hungarian Republic
11915:Histoire Politique
11507:. Bloomsbury USA.
11276:Bassett, Richard.
11012:(Routledge, 2014).
10626:. London: Longman.
10039:on 5 November 2013
9958:. whc.unesco.org.
9702:Brousek; Karl M.:
8944:Halle an der Saale
8824:www.britannica.com
8735:The Austrian Lyric
8454:. British Library.
8363:. pp. 81â82.
8273:Reviews in History
7625:Historical Journal
7547:. pp. 68â128.
7526:Clark, Christopher
7182:, p. 259â272.
7119:on 28 August 2009.
6676:www.britannica.com
6430:as "Gypsies"; the
6373:6 May 2023 at the
6210:Hungarian nobility
5956:Kingdom of Hungary
5890:(Dalmatia, Istria)
5797:Kingdom of Hungary
5707:
5595:Kingdom of Hungary
5591:Hungarian Republic
5575:(which became the
5566:
5558:
5543:Kingdom of Hungary
5495:
5472:Territorial legacy
5382:Kingdom of Hungary
5370:(which became the
5357:
5262:
5248:
5234:Shipping and ports
5221:The length of the
5149:
5083:(1905); NagyvĂĄrad/
5017:(Troppau) (1905),
5013:Austrian Silesia:
4990:, Olomouc (1899);
4907:
4877:
4860:telephone exchange
4825:Telecommunications
4802:division of labour
4728:
4712:
4620:
4607:Louis I of Hungary
4603:
4587:University of LwĂłw
4555:Charles University
4551:
4408:Kingdom of Hungary
4355:
4339:
4255:(today's northern
4148:Slovene literature
4136:Count A. Auersperg
4112:
4040:
4025:
4017:
3883:Kingdom of Hungary
3867:Compromise of 1867
3863:
3855:
3789:Yugoslav Committee
3754:
3723:Analysis of defeat
3708:
3568:Royal Italian Army
3552:
3538:Italian troops in
3485:controlled by the
3452:Brusilov Offensive
3423:
3313:
3230:
3219:
3181:
3115:Alexander Izvolsky
3060:Reinsurance Treaty
3048:defensive alliance
3007:
2969:Congress of Berlin
2921:
2874:Parma and Piacenza
2792:Hungary portal
2693:Hungarian language
2683:History of Hungary
2619:Revolution of 1956
2534:First Vienna Award
2524:Kingdom of Hungary
2504:Hungarian Republic
2424:Revolution of 1848
2369:Kingdom of Hungary
2244:Kingdom of Hungary
2204:Kingdom of Hungary
2169:Hungarian conquest
2017:Austria portal
1893:National Socialism
1766:Duchy of Carinthia
1718:House of Babenberg
1624:Kingdom of Noricum
1396:Imperial and Royal
1262:k. u. k. Monarchie
1210:
1187:Kingdom of Romania
1160:Kingdom of Hungary
1060:Emperor of Austria
741:Hungarian Republic
702:Invasion of Serbia
18618:Habsburg monarchy
18553:
18552:
18513:
18512:
18296:Human trafficking
18234:
18233:
18131:
18130:
18095:Political parties
18041:Foreign relations
18008:
18007:
17914:
17913:
17826:People's Republic
17806:Treaty of Trianon
17683:
17682:
17679:
17678:
17368:Piedmont-Sardinia
17120:Sip Song Chau Tai
16930:Thirteen Colonies
16671:
16670:
16075:
16074:
16035:
16034:
15871:
15870:
15805:
15804:
15797:Political parties
15750:Foreign relations
15717:
15716:
15627:History of Vienna
15557:Habsburg monarchy
15481:Hallstatt culture
15427:
15426:
15349:
15348:
15314:PolishâLithuanian
14489:Gurjara-Pratihara
13933:
13932:
13929:
13928:
13801:Svetozar BoroeviÄ
13712:Adm MiklĂłs Horthy
13464:Ministers for War
13149:
13148:
13131:
13130:
12952:
12951:
12851:
12850:
12767:Elections in the
12734:
12733:
12715:Carpathian passes
12670:Military Frontier
12613:Duchy of Salzburg
12580:Austrian Littoral
12565:Duchy of Carniola
12555:Duchy of Bukovina
12494:
12493:
12486:Battle of Budaörs
12416:Austrian Littoral
12391:
12390:
12333:Komancza Republic
12107:Treaty of Trianon
11917:1 (2014): 16â49.
11854:978-0-822-97917-3
11781:Boyd, Kelly, ed.
11628:1 (2014): 16â49.
11617:978-3-205-79588-9
11556:978-0-520-02945-3
11367:978-1-349-42240-1
11201:Tschuppik, Karl.
11129:Redlich, Joseph.
11117:"Austrian Empire"
11057:978-1-400-88996-9
10977:978-0-674-96934-6
10914:978-0-199-54162-1
10745:978-9-958-92712-6
10722:978-0-333-42081-2
10695:978-0-4650-9488-2
10664:978-0-804-77924-1
10530:978-3-214-14876-8
10446:978-1-851-09420-2
10376:Neue Freie Presse
10244:John Scott-Keltie
10146:on 30 August 2011
10120:on 1 October 2011
10059:John Scott-Keltie
10029:978-9-616-50920-6
9988:. 31 March 2020.
9784:978-0-520-23299-0
9737:978-1-139-48951-5
9712:978-3-486-51871-9
9587:. Kislexikon.hu.
9490:978-1-135-91768-5
9448:978-0-199-25340-1
9309:978-1-853-59811-1
9220:, 9781317118442.
9021:978-0-198-21980-4
8946:. pp. 21â32.
8924:978-9-739-89188-2
8794:978-90-04-50161-4
8530:978-0-852-29961-6
8497:978-0-816-07469-3
8400:. pp. 9â10.
8252:978-0-300-17858-6
8223:978-0-313-38370-0
8208:. Bonn, Germany:
8092:978-1-4010-8426-4
8052:978-0-275-94877-1
7967:978-0-674-06319-8
7939:978-1-139-48951-5
7907:978-1-4438-4542-7
7882:978-1-405-14291-5
7857:978-1-317-56810-0
7832:978-0-521-04551-3
7766:978-0-521-85212-8
7707:978-0-8153-0399-2
7472:978-3-706-54526-6
7447:978-1-616-73964-5
7406:978-1-557-53477-4
7367:978-0-385-46938-8
7300:978-0-880-33217-0
7271:978-0-297-85608-5
7246:978-0-460-04519-3
7145:. Mount HolyOak.
7043:978-0-786-74454-1
6813:978-3-540-48707-4
6422:(1878), although
6283:Ăsterreich-Ungarn
6238:Including 64â66%
6179:Austrian nobility
6097:(the villages of
5824:Empire of Austria
5816:
5815:
5725:Empire of Austria
5677:Komancza Republic
5646:Republic of China
5627:Kingdom of Serbia
5585:which became the
5533:Empire of Austria
5503:Treaty of Trianon
5487:Treaty of Trianon
5353:Treaty of Trianon
5339:Treaty of Trianon
5304:Austrian Landwehr
5063:(1897); TemesvĂĄr/
5051:(1895); Szabadka/
4931:commuter railways
4736:industrialization
4689:
4688:
4577:) was founded by
4557:) was founded by
4538:
4537:
4530:
4512:
4477:"Austria-Hungary"
4387:ethnic minorities
4128:official language
4048:Staatsgrundgesetz
3825:Heinrich Lammasch
3785:Corfu Declaration
3750:Karl I of Austria
3475:Kingdom of Poland
3463:Act of 5 November
3439:Battle of Lemberg
3419:Siege of PrzemyĆl
3366:By summer 1918, "
3330:Theater (warfare)
3028:Benjamin Disraeli
2945:Otto von Bismarck
2927:was ended by the
2826:
2825:
2657:
2656:
2629:Goulash Communism
2582:
2581:
2514:Treaty of Trianon
2377:
2376:
2262:
2261:
2177:
2176:
2051:
2050:
1875:Ostmark (Austria)
1746:Holy Roman Empire
1741:House of Habsburg
1723:Privilegium Minus
1670:Early Middle Ages
1615:Hallstatt culture
1285:Danubian Monarchy
1267:k. u. k. monarchy
1253:Ăsterreich-Ungarn
1148:Kingdom of Serbia
1068:Habsburg monarchy
1037:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1028:
885:Legal successors:
875:
874:
771:Treaty of Trianon
762:10 September 1919
728:Austrian Republic
608:House of Magnates
587:House of Deputies
508:Heinrich Lammasch
461:âą 1916â1918
449:âą 1867â1916
154:
18675:
18668:Christian states
18585:
18584:
18582:
18581:
18580:
18575:
18571:
18568:
18567:
18566:
18563:
18533:
18526:
18424:
18417:
18410:
18403:
18379:
18372:
18275:
18245:
18244:
18182:
18162:
18142:
18141:
18121:
18107:
18019:
18018:
17984:
17977:
17970:
17942:Cities and towns
17925:
17924:
17771:Habsburg Kingdom
17734:
17733:
17710:
17703:
17696:
17687:
17686:
17607:Irish Free State
17373:PolandâLithuania
16682:
16681:
16633:Papua New Guinea
16363:
16362:
16102:
16095:
16088:
16079:
16078:
16055:
16048:
15882:
15881:
15816:
15815:
15728:
15727:
15647:
15646:
15547:Duchy of Austria
15454:
15447:
15440:
15431:
15430:
15230:
15229:
14895:Austro-Hungarian
14595:Chagatai Khanate
13960:
13953:
13946:
13937:
13936:
13886:Stjepan SarkotiÄ
13871:Maximilian Ronge
13836:Gheorghe Flondor
13826:Georg DragiÄeviÄ
13588:Francis Joseph I
13490:(GdK) Alexander
13449:Francis Joseph I
13437:
13436:
13259:Alpine companies
13176:
13169:
13162:
13153:
13152:
12962:Croatia-Slavonia
12958:
12957:
12857:
12856:
12781:
12780:
12761:
12754:
12747:
12738:
12737:
12727:
12719:
12711:
12703:
12674:
12636:
12602:
12595:
12588:
12527:Subdivisions of
12521:
12514:
12507:
12498:
12497:
12441:Aster Revolution
12432:Post World War I
12414:South Tyrol and
12379:
12378:
12222:
12221:
12192:Successor states
12113:
12112:
12103:
12102:
12071:
12064:
12057:
12048:
12047:
11975:31 October 2009)
11943:
11903:
11901:
11899:
11858:
11814:
11753:
11743:
11697:
11688:
11621:
11589:
11572:(2â3): 120â139.
11560:
11539:
11518:
11496:
11484:
11475:
11466:
11441:
11408:
11371:
11344:
11323:
11321:
11315:. Archived from
11290:
11260:
11258:
11256:
11211:Turnock, David.
11191:
11164:Austrian Studies
11126:
11109:
11108:
11081:
11079:
11077:
10989:
10943:Herman, Arthur.
10926:
10891:
10853:
10844:
10819:
10782:
10780:
10778:
10749:
10726:
10699:
10680:
10678:
10676:
10649:Tomasevich, Jozo
10643:
10641:
10627:
10615:
10602:
10600:
10589:
10570:
10551:
10534:
10515:
10478:
10472:
10466:
10465:
10460:
10458:
10430:
10424:
10423:
10421:
10419:
10398:
10392:
10391:
10389:
10387:
10368:
10362:
10361:
10359:
10357:
10340:Stangl, Andrea.
10337:
10328:
10322:
10316:
10315:
10293:
10291:
10290:
10284:
10275:
10268:
10262:
10261:
10240:
10234:
10233:
10231:
10229:
10214:
10208:
10207:
10205:
10203:
10198:on 28 March 2009
10194:. Archived from
10188:
10182:
10181:
10179:
10177:
10162:
10156:
10155:
10153:
10151:
10136:
10130:
10129:
10127:
10125:
10109:
10103:
10102:
10100:
10098:
10083:
10077:
10076:
10055:
10049:
10048:
10046:
10044:
10038:
10032:. Archived from
10017:
10008:
10002:
10001:
9999:
9997:
9978:
9972:
9971:
9969:
9967:
9951:
9945:
9944:
9942:
9940:
9925:
9919:
9902:
9896:
9893:
9887:
9886:
9884:
9882:
9867:
9861:
9858:
9852:
9849:
9843:
9839:
9833:
9830:
9824:
9813:
9807:
9795:
9789:
9788:
9768:
9762:
9748:
9742:
9741:
9721:
9715:
9700:
9694:
9691:
9685:
9682:
9676:
9673:
9667:
9664:
9658:
9657:
9655:
9653:
9648:on 11 March 2016
9638:
9632:
9629:
9623:
9622:
9621:on 31 July 2013.
9617:. Archived from
9610:
9601:
9600:
9598:
9596:
9581:
9575:
9560:
9554:
9553:
9551:
9549:
9534:
9528:
9527:
9525:
9523:
9513:
9504:
9501:
9495:
9494:
9471:
9465:
9464:
9462:
9460:
9432:
9426:
9422:
9416:
9415:
9407:
9401:
9395:
9389:
9386:
9380:
9377:
9371:
9370:
9362:
9356:
9353:
9347:
9346:
9344:
9342:
9336:
9329:
9320:
9314:
9313:
9293:
9287:
9286:
9284:
9282:
9273:. Archived from
9267:
9261:
9260:
9258:
9256:
9247:. Archived from
9241:
9235:
9206:
9200:
9199:
9197:
9195:
9175:
9169:
9168:
9166:
9159:
9150:
9144:
9143:
9131:
9125:
9124:
9122:
9120:
9105:
9099:
9092:
9086:
9085:
9074:
9068:
9062:
9056:
9050:
9044:
9043:
9036:Zacharia, Fareed
9032:
9026:
9025:
9005:
8999:
8998:
8986:
8980:
8979:
8977:
8975:
8957:
8948:
8947:
8935:
8929:
8928:
8908:
8902:
8901:
8891:
8885:
8884:
8882:
8871:
8862:
8856:
8846:
8840:
8839:
8837:
8835:
8816:
8810:
8809:
8808:
8806:
8776:
8770:
8769:
8767:
8765:
8740:Maney Publishing
8729:
8723:
8716:
8710:
8709:
8689:
8683:
8677:
8671:
8670:
8668:
8666:
8651:
8645:
8644:
8642:
8640:
8635:on 20 March 2012
8634:
8627:
8619:
8613:
8608:
8602:
8591:
8585:
8584:
8582:
8580:
8548:
8542:
8541:
8539:
8537:
8515:
8509:
8508:
8506:
8504:
8477:
8471:
8461:
8455:
8442:
8436:
8430:
8424:
8423:
8421:
8419:
8387:
8381:
8375:
8369:
8368:
8350:
8344:
8343:
8341:
8339:
8324:
8315:
8309:
8300:
8294:
8288:
8287:
8285:
8263:
8257:
8256:
8234:
8228:
8227:
8201:
8195:
8194:See: 1910 census
8192:
8186:
8185:
8183:
8181:
8161:
8155:
8154:
8153:. Histria Books.
8146:
8140:
8139:
8137:
8135:
8103:
8097:
8096:
8078:
8072:
8071:
8063:
8057:
8056:
8038:
8032:
8031:
8029:
8027:
8012:
8006:
8005:
7993:
7987:
7986:
7978:
7972:
7971:
7954:Stevenson, David
7950:
7944:
7943:
7918:
7912:
7911:
7893:
7887:
7886:
7868:
7862:
7861:
7843:
7837:
7836:
7815:
7809:
7808:
7800:
7794:
7793:
7791:
7789:
7783:
7777:. Archived from
7742:
7733:
7724:
7718:
7712:
7711:
7689:
7683:
7682:
7670:
7664:
7663:
7661:
7659:
7653:
7622:
7614:Stevenson, David
7610:
7604:
7603:
7588:Stevenson, David
7584:
7575:
7574:
7555:
7549:
7548:
7540:
7534:
7533:
7522:
7516:
7515:
7513:
7511:
7502:. 24 May 2003 .
7496:
7490:
7486:
7480:
7479:
7458:
7452:
7451:
7429:
7423:
7417:
7411:
7410:
7388:
7382:
7381:
7376:
7374:
7355:
7345:
7339:
7338:
7333:
7331:
7314:
7308:
7307:
7286:
7280:
7279:
7257:
7251:
7250:
7232:
7226:
7219:
7213:
7207:
7201:
7198:
7192:
7189:
7183:
7177:
7171:
7165:
7159:
7158:
7156:
7154:
7139:
7133:
7127:
7121:
7120:
7109:
7103:
7102:
7100:
7098:
7079:
7060:
7054:
7048:
7047:
7025:
7019:
7018:
7010:
7004:
7003:
7001:
6999:
6976:
6970:
6969:
6925:
6919:
6918:
6916:
6914:
6894:
6888:
6883:
6872:
6869:
6863:
6862:
6854:
6845:
6844:
6836:
6828:
6822:
6821:
6816:. Archived from
6797:
6791:
6768:Eva Philippoff:
6766:
6760:
6749:
6743:
6742:
6730:
6721:
6712:
6703:Minahan, James.
6701:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6687:
6668:
6662:
6661:
6659:
6657:
6633:
6627:
6626:
6606:
6600:
6599:
6586:
6580:
6569:
6563:
6562:
6560:
6558:
6543:
6537:
6536:
6527:
6521:
6520:
6511:
6505:
6504:
6492:
6484:
6467:
6464:
6458:
6436:
6416:
6410:
6409:
6407:
6405:
6384:
6378:
6362:Fisher, Gilman.
6360:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6349:
6333:
6316:
6313:
6307:
6299:
6293:
6277:
6271:
6265:
6252:
6246:
6236:
6017:corpus separatum
6009:MeÄimurje county
5837:Austria (except
5807:Croatia-Slavonia
5717:
5710:
5706:
5641:Kingdom of Italy
5550:
5540:
5530:
5524:
5518:
5512:
5361:successor states
5333:Successor states
5203:Istvån Széchenyi
5095:(1911); ĂjvidĂ©k/
5021:(Cieszyn) (1911)
5010:, Jihlava (1909)
5008:ÄeskĂ© BudÄjovice
4881:Telefon HĂrmondĂł
4623:
4619:
4611:Mattias Corvinus
4533:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4513:
4511:
4470:
4446:
4438:
4428:József Szterényi
4365:politics of the
4291:Ethnic relations
4152:Slovene language
4132:Slavic languages
4120:
4065:
4059:
4037:
3931:
3924:Imperial Council
3898:
3816:Aster Revolution
3702:War memorial in
3497:. Following the
3398:Macedonian front
3040:Greater Bulgaria
2935:" in favor of a
2862:Lombardy, Veneto
2830:Battle of MohĂĄcs
2818:
2811:
2804:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2595:
2594:
2390:
2389:
2339:Bocskai uprising
2275:
2274:
2190:
2189:
2125:
2124:
2081:
2071:
2053:
2052:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2015:
2014:
2013:
1959:Military history
1944:Economic history
1905:Post-war Austria
1756:Duchy of Austria
1703:Frankish Kingdom
1602:
1592:
1574:
1573:
1535:
1512:
1492:
1484:
1476:
1468:
1458:Crown of Bohemia
1446:
1438:
1428:
1420:
1412:
1404:
1392:
1385:
1373:
1362:
1331:Der Doppel-Adler
1328:
1321:The Double Eagle
1313:Doppel-Monarchie
1310:
1292:
1274:
1268:
1264:
1250:
1240:
1217:
1191:Kingdom of Italy
1025:
1024:
1011:
1010:
997:
996:
983:
982:
969:
968:
955:
954:
941:
940:
933:
923:
922:
909:
908:
895:
894:
887:
879:
878:
866:
865:
859:
858:
843:
842:
834:
826:
763:
757:
746:16 November 1918
733:12 November 1918
715:Empire dissolved
573:Imperial Council
417:Austro-Hungarian
391:Eastern Orthodox
290:Croatia-Slavonia
223:
204:
194:
184:
180:
173:
167:
156:
155:
136:
115:
91:
84:
67:
66:
65:
57:
50:
49:
41:
28:
27:
18683:
18682:
18678:
18677:
18676:
18674:
18673:
18672:
18598:Austria-Hungary
18588:
18587:
18578:
18576:
18572:
18569:
18564:
18561:
18559:
18557:
18556:
18554:
18549:
18536:
18529:
18522:
18509:
18420:
18413:
18406:
18399:
18375:
18368:
18350:
18336:Public holidays
18271:
18230:
18180:
18158:
18127:
18119:
18105:
18061:Law enforcement
18004:
17980:
17973:
17966:
17910:
17840:
17821:Second Republic
17723:
17714:
17684:
17675:
17600:princely states
17548:
17484:Kingdom of Fiji
17457:
17203:Austria-Hungary
17171:
16934:
16868:
16667:
16653:Solomon Islands
16567:
16549:
16481:
16396:
16354:
16286:
16232:Democratization
16200:
16144:
16111:
16106:
16076:
16071:
16058:
16051:
16044:
16031:
16022:Public holidays
16017:National anthem
15953:
15894:Austrian people
15867:
15801:
15713:
15636:
15582:Austria-Hungary
15567:Austrian Empire
15520:Germanic tribes
15467:
15458:
15428:
15423:
15412:American Empire
15397:
15393:African empires
15345:
15228:
14920:Central African
14866:
14684:Romano-Germanic
14270:
14004:Middle Assyrian
13977:
13969:
13964:
13934:
13925:
13916:Georg von Trapp
13911:Giovanni Luppis
13821:GĂŒnther Burstyn
13774:
13722:
13716:
13665:
13659:
13613:
13607:
13574:
13567:
13525:von Krieghammer
13498:Feldzeugmeister
13480:FML Franz Kuhn
13458:
13428:
13416:Luftfahrtruppen
13403:
13399:Danube Flotilla
13393:Seefliegerkorps
13351:
13343:
13335:
13334:
13323:
13185:
13180:
13150:
13145:
13127:
13064:
12948:
12847:
12775:
12773:Austria-Hungary
12769:Austrian Empire
12765:
12735:
12730:
12725:
12717:
12709:
12693:
12677:
12672:
12641:
12632:
12628:County of Tyrol
12623:Duchy of Styria
12598:
12591:
12584:
12531:
12529:Austria-Hungary
12525:
12495:
12490:
12434:armed conflicts
12433:
12427:
12387:
12376:
12375:
12358:Hutsul Republic
12294:
12263:
12220:
12187:
12178:Clemenceau Note
12131:
12110:
12109:
12100:
12099:
12080:
12075:
12031:Wayback Machine
11993:Wayback Machine
11989:AustriaâHungary
11958:AustriaâHungary
11953:
11948:
11935:
11926:Wayback Machine
11897:
11895:
11855:
11830:Wayback Machine
11778:
11704:
11702:Primary sources
11675:Wank, Solomon.
11671:Wayback Machine
11654:Wayback Machine
11637:Wayback Machine
11618:
11601:Wayback Machine
11557:
11536:
11515:
11431:Wayback Machine
11368:
11319:
11288:
11273:
11267:
11254:
11252:
11243:
11175:Wayback Machine
11166:(2012) 20:5â23
11106:
11075:
11073:
11058:
11015:May, Arthur J.
11008:Mason, John W.
10978:
10915:
10872:
10776:
10774:
10761:
10757:
10755:Further reading
10752:
10746:
10734:(in Croatian).
10723:
10696:
10688:. Basic Books.
10674:
10672:
10665:
10586:
10567:
10531:
10504:
10487:
10482:
10481:
10475:Williamson 1991
10473:
10469:
10456:
10454:
10447:
10431:
10427:
10417:
10415:
10400:
10399:
10395:
10385:
10383:
10370:
10369:
10365:
10355:
10353:
10338:
10331:
10323:
10319:
10302:Austria-Hungary
10288:
10286:
10285:
10278:
10269:
10265:
10241:
10237:
10227:
10225:
10216:
10215:
10211:
10201:
10199:
10190:
10189:
10185:
10175:
10173:
10164:
10163:
10159:
10149:
10147:
10140:"Baron Gautsch"
10138:
10137:
10133:
10123:
10121:
10110:
10106:
10096:
10094:
10085:
10084:
10080:
10056:
10052:
10042:
10040:
10036:
10030:
10015:
10009:
10005:
9995:
9993:
9980:
9979:
9975:
9965:
9963:
9952:
9948:
9938:
9936:
9927:
9926:
9922:
9917:Wayback Machine
9903:
9899:
9894:
9890:
9880:
9878:
9869:
9868:
9864:
9859:
9855:
9850:
9846:
9840:
9836:
9831:
9827:
9814:
9810:
9796:
9792:
9785:
9769:
9765:
9749:
9745:
9738:
9722:
9718:
9701:
9697:
9692:
9688:
9683:
9679:
9674:
9670:
9665:
9661:
9651:
9649:
9640:
9639:
9635:
9630:
9626:
9611:
9604:
9594:
9592:
9583:
9582:
9578:
9561:
9557:
9547:
9545:
9536:
9535:
9531:
9521:
9519:
9515:
9514:
9507:
9502:
9498:
9491:
9475:Berend, IvĂĄn T.
9472:
9468:
9458:
9456:
9449:
9433:
9429:
9423:
9419:
9408:
9404:
9396:
9392:
9387:
9383:
9378:
9374:
9363:
9359:
9354:
9350:
9340:
9338:
9334:
9327:
9321:
9317:
9310:
9294:
9290:
9280:
9278:
9269:
9268:
9264:
9254:
9252:
9251:on 1 March 2012
9243:
9242:
9238:
9232:Wayback Machine
9207:
9203:
9193:
9191:
9176:
9172:
9164:
9157:
9151:
9147:
9132:
9128:
9118:
9116:
9107:
9106:
9102:
9093:
9089:
9078:Wyman, David S.
9075:
9071:
9065:Rothenberg 1976
9063:
9059:
9053:Rothenberg 1976
9051:
9047:
9033:
9029:
9022:
9006:
9002:
8987:
8983:
8973:
8971:
8958:
8951:
8936:
8932:
8925:
8909:
8905:
8892:
8888:
8880:
8869:
8863:
8859:
8847:
8843:
8833:
8831:
8818:
8817:
8813:
8804:
8802:
8795:
8777:
8773:
8763:
8761:
8754:
8730:
8726:
8722:, 1998, p. 366.
8717:
8713:
8690:
8686:
8678:
8674:
8664:
8662:
8653:
8652:
8648:
8638:
8636:
8632:
8625:
8621:
8620:
8616:
8609:
8605:
8592:
8588:
8578:
8576:
8569:
8561:. p. 320.
8549:
8545:
8535:
8533:
8531:
8517:
8516:
8512:
8502:
8500:
8498:
8490:. p. 401.
8478:
8474:
8462:
8458:
8452:Wayback Machine
8443:
8439:
8431:
8427:
8417:
8415:
8408:
8388:
8384:
8376:
8372:
8351:
8347:
8337:
8335:
8334:on 21 June 2006
8326:
8325:
8318:
8310:
8303:
8295:
8291:
8264:
8260:
8253:
8235:
8231:
8224:
8202:
8198:
8193:
8189:
8179:
8177:
8162:
8158:
8147:
8143:
8133:
8131:
8124:
8116:. p. 112.
8104:
8100:
8093:
8079:
8075:
8064:
8060:
8053:
8039:
8035:
8025:
8023:
8022:on 23 June 2011
8014:
8013:
8009:
7994:
7990:
7979:
7975:
7968:
7951:
7947:
7940:
7919:
7915:
7908:
7894:
7890:
7883:
7869:
7865:
7858:
7844:
7840:
7833:
7816:
7812:
7801:
7797:
7787:
7785:
7781:
7767:
7740:
7734:
7727:
7719:
7715:
7708:
7690:
7686:
7671:
7667:
7657:
7655:
7651:
7620:
7611:
7607:
7585:
7578:
7556:
7552:
7541:
7537:
7523:
7519:
7509:
7507:
7498:
7497:
7493:
7487:
7483:
7473:
7459:
7455:
7448:
7430:
7426:
7420:Tomasevich 2001
7418:
7414:
7407:
7389:
7385:
7372:
7370:
7368:
7346:
7342:
7329:
7327:
7316:
7315:
7311:
7301:
7287:
7283:
7272:
7264:. Hachette UK.
7258:
7254:
7247:
7233:
7229:
7220:
7216:
7208:
7204:
7199:
7195:
7190:
7186:
7178:
7174:
7166:
7162:
7152:
7150:
7141:
7140:
7136:
7128:
7124:
7111:
7110:
7106:
7096:
7094:
7081:
7080:
7063:
7055:
7051:
7044:
7026:
7022:
7011:
7007:
6997:
6995:
6980:Roider, Karl A.
6977:
6973:
6926:
6922:
6912:
6910:
6895:
6891:
6884:
6875:
6870:
6866:
6855:
6848:
6834:"Austria"
6829:
6825:
6814:
6798:
6794:
6767:
6763:
6750:
6746:
6722:
6715:
6702:
6695:
6685:
6683:
6670:
6669:
6665:
6655:
6653:
6646:Magyar TudomĂĄny
6634:
6630:
6623:
6607:
6603:
6587:
6583:
6570:
6566:
6556:
6554:
6545:
6544:
6540:
6529:
6528:
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6388:"Austria-Races"
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6375:Wayback Machine
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6301:The concept of
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6025:Central Croatia
5914:Ivano-Frankivsk
5876:, parts of the
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5669:Hutsul Republic
5636:Greater Romania
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5004:MariĂĄnskĂ© LĂĄznÄ
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4891:Main articles:
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4869:
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4776:Hungarian plain
4724:Long Depression
4700:
4694:
4595:
4579:Duke Rudolph IV
4565:established in
4543:
4534:
4523:
4517:
4514:
4471:
4469:
4459:
4447:
4436:
4412:Vilmos VĂĄzsonyi
4383:ethnic violence
4333:, built by the
4301:Istro-Romanians
4293:
4184:. According to
4174:private schools
4095:(ZniĂłvĂĄralja).
4009:
3987:
3981:
3927:
3920:Diet of Hungary
3873:domains into a
3847:
3841:
3772:Fourteen Points
3760:
3743:
3725:
3696:
3694:Role of Hungary
3659:
3653:
3647:on 3 November.
3641:Vittorio Veneto
3580:Strafexpedition
3532:
3526:
3505:of the nascent
3495:war with Russia
3491:Regency Council
3479:Congress Poland
3412:
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3326:
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3246:LĂĄszlĂł SzĆgyĂ©ny
3193:Bosnian Muslims
3177:Gavrilo Princip
3165:
3159:
3147:Main articles:
3145:
3140:
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3096:Franz Ferdinand
3052:Triple Alliance
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2967:Main articles:
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2933:German question
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2843:Austrian Empire
2822:
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2708:Hungarian Kings
2667:
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2643:1989–2012
2633:1956–1989
2613:1949–1989
2603:1946–1949
2592:
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2583:
2578:1941–1945
2548:1939–1945
2528:1920–1946
2508:1919–1920
2488:1918–1919
2478:1918–1941
2474:Interwar period
2468:1914–1918
2458:1867–1918
2448:1867–1918
2434:Hungarian State
2428:1848–1849
2418:1825–1848
2408:1711–1867
2398:1703–1711
2387:
2379:
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2373:1699–1867
2363:1682–1685
2353:1664–1671
2343:1604–1606
2333:1570–1711
2323:1541–1699
2319:Ottoman Hungary
2313:1526–1699
2303:1526–1570
2293:1526–1699
2272:
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2258:1366–1526
2248:1301–1526
2238:1241–1242
2218:1102–1918
2208:1000–1301
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1243:AustriaâHungary
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1113:Austrian Empire
1064:King of Hungary
1040:Austria-Hungary
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650:1867 Compromise
638:
629:New Imperialism
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599:Diet of Hungary
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496:F. F. von Beust
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16237:Decolonization
16234:
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16161:Constitutional
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15735:Climate change
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15587:German Austria
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14269:
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14075:Middle Kingdom
14072:
14062:
14057:
14056:
14055:
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14045:
14035:
14034:
14033:
14031:Neo-Babylonian
14028:
14023:
14021:Old Babylonian
14013:
14012:
14011:
14006:
13996:
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13906:Franz von Keil
13903:
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13863:
13861:Oskar Potiorek
13858:
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13507:FZM Ferdinand
13505:
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11951:External links
11949:
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11928:historiography
11911:
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11803:10.1086/675880
11797:(2): 336â380.
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11732:10.2307/197930
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11658:Vermes, Gabor
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11383:(3): 336â344.
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10632:Taylor, A.J.P.
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10346:habsburger.net
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10306:Chisholm, Hugh
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9369:. p. 355.
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9069:
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5962:Transleithania
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5849:Czech Republic
5846:
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5803:Hungary proper
5793:Transleithania
5704:
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5673:Lemko Republic
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5547:
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5509:
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5462:Little Entente
5449:
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5440:, France. The
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5368:German Austria
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5284:Main article:
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4424:JĂĄnos HarkĂĄnyi
4420:JĂĄnos Teleszky
4353:, Vienna, 1915
4327:Romantic-style
4305:Diet of Istria
4292:
4289:
4003:Austro-Slavism
3983:Main article:
3980:
3977:
3968:Hungarian army
3948:Bosnian crisis
3916:prime minister
3887:Transleithania
3843:Main article:
3840:
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3812:MihĂĄly KĂĄrolyi
3777:Robert Lansing
3768:Woodrow Wilson
3756:Main article:
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3655:Main article:
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3597:trench warfare
3589:Asiago plateau
3557:Chief of Staff
3555:organization.
3528:Main article:
3525:
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3487:Central Powers
3435:Polish Legions
3408:Main article:
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3378:Main article:
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3283:Entente powers
3271:July Ultimatum
3254:German Emperor
3217:, 29 June 1914
3144:
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3136:Main article:
3133:
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3107:Bosnian Crisis
2964:
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2866:Modena, Reggio
2845:. The ensuing
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2196:
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2180:
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2171:
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2163:~800–970
2161:
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2149:Avar Khaganate
2145:
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2121:Early medieval
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2104:Roman Pannonia
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2019:
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1964:Rail transport
1961:
1956:
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1941:
1930:
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1839:Interwar years
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1568:Main article:
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1496:Transleithania
1490:Magyar kirĂĄlyi
1461:
1450:Imperial-Royal
1431:
1375:
1374:
1363:
1317:Dual-Monarchia
1295:Donaumonarchie
1198:
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1140:Central Powers
1133:Bosnian crisis
1103:, which was a
1056:Central Europe
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681:6 October 1908
679:
676:Bosnian Crisis
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668:7 October 1879
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622:Historical era
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582:House of Lords
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550:MihĂĄly KĂĄrolyi
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538:Gyula AndrĂĄssy
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454:Franz Joseph I
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353:Istro-Romanian
347:, and others (
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18621:
18619:
18616:
18614:
18611:
18609:
18606:
18604:
18601:
18599:
18596:
18595:
18593:
18586:
18583:
18546:
18543:
18541:
18538:
18537:
18532:
18528:
18525:
18521:
18520:
18516:
18506:
18503:
18501:
18498:
18496:
18493:
18491:
18488:
18486:
18483:
18481:
18478:
18476:
18473:
18471:
18468:
18466:
18463:
18461:
18458:
18456:
18453:
18451:
18448:
18446:
18443:
18441:
18438:
18436:
18433:
18431:
18428:
18423:
18419:
18416:
18412:
18409:
18405:
18402:
18398:
18397:
18396:
18393:
18391:
18388:
18386:
18383:
18378:
18374:
18371:
18367:
18366:
18365:
18362:
18361:
18359:
18357:
18353:
18347:
18344:
18342:
18339:
18337:
18334:
18332:
18329:
18327:
18324:
18322:
18319:
18317:
18314:
18312:
18309:
18307:
18304:
18302:
18299:
18297:
18294:
18292:
18289:
18287:
18284:
18282:
18281:Family policy
18279:
18274:
18270:
18269:
18268:
18265:
18263:
18260:
18258:
18255:
18253:
18250:
18249:
18246:
18243:
18241:
18237:
18227:
18224:
18222:
18219:
18217:
18214:
18212:
18209:
18207:
18204:
18202:
18199:
18197:
18194:
18192:
18189:
18187:
18184:
18179:
18176:
18174:
18171:
18169:
18166:
18161:
18157:
18156:
18155:
18152:
18150:
18147:
18146:
18143:
18140:
18138:
18134:
18122:
18117:
18116:
18115:
18112:
18108:
18103:
18102:
18101:
18098:
18096:
18093:
18089:
18086:
18085:
18084:
18081:
18079:
18076:
18072:
18069:
18068:
18067:
18064:
18062:
18059:
18057:
18054:
18052:
18049:
18047:
18044:
18042:
18039:
18037:
18034:
18032:
18029:
18027:
18024:
18023:
18020:
18017:
18015:
18011:
18001:
17998:
17996:
17993:
17991:
17988:
17983:
17979:
17976:
17972:
17969:
17965:
17964:
17963:
17960:
17958:
17955:
17953:
17950:
17948:
17945:
17943:
17940:
17938:
17935:
17933:
17930:
17929:
17926:
17923:
17921:
17917:
17907:
17904:
17902:
17899:
17897:
17894:
17890:
17887:
17885:
17882:
17880:
17877:
17876:
17875:
17872:
17870:
17869:ĂrpĂĄd dynasty
17867:
17865:
17862:
17860:
17857:
17855:
17852:
17850:
17847:
17846:
17843:
17837:
17834:
17832:
17829:
17827:
17824:
17822:
17819:
17817:
17814:
17812:
17809:
17807:
17804:
17802:
17799:
17797:
17794:
17792:
17789:
17787:
17784:
17782:
17781:RĂĄkĂłczi's War
17779:
17777:
17774:
17772:
17769:
17767:
17764:
17762:
17759:
17757:
17754:
17752:
17749:
17747:
17744:
17742:
17739:
17738:
17735:
17732:
17730:
17726:
17722:
17718:
17711:
17706:
17704:
17699:
17697:
17692:
17691:
17688:
17672:
17669:
17667:
17664:
17662:
17659:
17657:
17654:
17652:
17649:
17647:
17644:
17642:
17639:
17637:
17634:
17632:
17629:
17627:
17624:
17622:
17619:
17617:
17614:
17612:
17608:
17605:
17602:
17601:
17596:
17592:
17589:
17587:
17584:
17582:
17579:
17577:
17574:
17572:
17569:
17566:
17563:
17561:
17558:
17557:
17555:
17551:
17545:
17542:
17540:
17537:
17535:
17532:
17530:
17527:
17525:
17522:
17520:
17517:
17515:
17512:
17510:
17507:
17505:
17502:
17500:
17497:
17495:
17492:
17490:
17487:
17485:
17482:
17480:
17479:Easter Island
17477:
17475:
17472:
17470:
17467:
17466:
17464:
17460:
17454:
17451:
17449:
17446:
17444:
17441:
17439:
17436:
17434:
17431:
17429:
17426:
17424:
17421:
17419:
17416:
17414:
17411:
17409:
17406:
17404:
17401:
17399:
17396:
17394:
17391:
17389:
17386:
17384:
17381:
17379:
17376:
17374:
17371:
17369:
17366:
17364:
17361:
17359:
17356:
17354:
17351:
17349:
17346:
17344:
17341:
17339:
17336:
17334:
17331:
17329:
17326:
17324:
17321:
17319:
17316:
17314:
17311:
17309:
17306:
17304:
17301:
17299:
17296:
17294:
17291:
17289:
17286:
17284:
17281:
17279:
17276:
17274:
17271:
17269:
17266:
17264:
17261:
17259:
17256:
17254:
17251:
17249:
17246:
17244:
17241:
17239:
17236:
17234:
17231:
17229:
17226:
17224:
17221:
17219:
17216:
17214:
17211:
17209:
17206:
17204:
17201:
17199:
17196:
17194:
17191:
17189:
17186:
17184:
17181:
17180:
17178:
17174:
17167:
17166:
17161:
17158:
17156:
17153:
17151:
17148:
17146:
17143:
17141:
17138:
17136:
17133:
17131:
17128:
17126:
17123:
17121:
17118:
17116:
17113:
17111:
17108:
17106:
17105:
17101:
17099:
17096:
17094:
17091:
17089:
17086:
17084:
17081:
17079:
17076:
17074:
17071:
17069:
17066:
17064:
17061:
17059:
17056:
17054:
17051:
17049:
17046:
17044:
17041:
17039:
17036:
17034:
17031:
17029:
17026:
17024:
17021:
17019:
17018:Jabal Shammar
17016:
17014:
17011:
17008:
17004:
17001:
16999:
16998:
16994:
16992:
16989:
16987:
16984:
16982:
16979:
16977:
16974:
16972:
16969:
16967:
16964:
16962:
16959:
16957:
16954:
16952:
16949:
16947:
16944:
16943:
16941:
16937:
16931:
16928:
16926:
16923:
16921:
16918:
16916:
16913:
16911:
16908:
16906:
16903:
16901:
16898:
16896:
16893:
16891:
16888:
16886:
16883:
16881:
16878:
16877:
16875:
16871:
16865:
16864:
16860:
16858:
16855:
16853:
16850:
16848:
16845:
16843:
16840:
16838:
16835:
16833:
16830:
16828:
16825:
16823:
16820:
16818:
16815:
16813:
16810:
16808:
16805:
16803:
16800:
16798:
16795:
16793:
16790:
16788:
16785:
16783:
16780:
16778:
16775:
16773:
16770:
16768:
16765:
16763:
16760:
16758:
16755:
16753:
16750:
16748:
16745:
16743:
16740:
16738:
16735:
16733:
16730:
16728:
16725:
16723:
16720:
16718:
16715:
16713:
16710:
16708:
16705:
16703:
16700:
16698:
16695:
16693:
16690:
16689:
16687:
16683:
16680:
16678:
16674:
16664:
16661:
16659:
16656:
16654:
16651:
16649:
16646:
16644:
16641:
16639:
16636:
16634:
16631:
16627:
16624:
16622:
16619:
16618:
16617:
16614:
16612:
16609:
16607:
16604:
16602:
16599:
16597:
16594:
16592:
16589:
16587:
16584:
16582:
16579:
16578:
16576:
16574:
16570:
16564:
16561:
16560:
16558:
16556:
16552:
16546:
16543:
16541:
16538:
16536:
16533:
16531:
16528:
16526:
16523:
16521:
16518:
16516:
16513:
16511:
16510:Liechtenstein
16508:
16506:
16503:
16501:
16498:
16496:
16493:
16492:
16490:
16488:
16484:
16478:
16477:
16473:
16471:
16468:
16466:
16463:
16461:
16458:
16456:
16453:
16451:
16448:
16446:
16443:
16441:
16438:
16436:
16433:
16431:
16428:
16426:
16423:
16421:
16418:
16416:
16413:
16411:
16408:
16407:
16405:
16403:
16399:
16393:
16392:
16388:
16386:
16383:
16381:
16378:
16376:
16373:
16372:
16370:
16368:
16364:
16361:
16357:
16351:
16348:
16346:
16343:
16341:
16338:
16336:
16333:
16331:
16328:
16326:
16323:
16321:
16318:
16314:
16313:Queen regnant
16311:
16310:
16309:
16306:
16304:
16301:
16299:
16296:
16295:
16293:
16289:
16283:
16280:
16278:
16275:
16273:
16272:Republicanism
16270:
16268:
16265:
16263:
16260:
16258:
16255:
16253:
16252:Head of state
16250:
16248:
16245:
16243:
16240:
16238:
16235:
16233:
16230:
16228:
16225:
16223:
16220:
16218:
16215:
16213:
16210:
16209:
16207:
16203:
16197:
16194:
16192:
16189:
16187:
16186:Non-sovereign
16184:
16182:
16179:
16177:
16174:
16172:
16169:
16167:
16164:
16162:
16159:
16157:
16154:
16153:
16151:
16147:
16141:
16138:
16136:
16133:
16131:
16128:
16126:
16123:
16121:
16118:
16117:
16114:
16110:
16103:
16098:
16096:
16091:
16089:
16084:
16083:
16080:
16068:
16065:
16063:
16060:
16059:
16054:
16050:
16047:
16043:
16042:
16038:
16028:
16025:
16023:
16020:
16018:
16015:
16013:
16010:
16008:
16005:
16003:
16000:
15998:
15995:
15993:
15990:
15987:
15983:
15980:
15978:
15975:
15973:
15970:
15968:
15965:
15964:
15962:
15960:
15956:
15950:
15947:
15944:
15940:
15937:
15935:
15932:
15930:
15927:
15925:
15922:
15920:
15917:
15915:
15914:Ethnic groups
15912:
15910:
15907:
15905:
15902:
15900:
15897:
15895:
15892:
15890:
15887:
15886:
15883:
15880:
15878:
15874:
15864:
15861:
15859:
15856:
15854:
15851:
15849:
15846:
15844:
15841:
15839:
15836:
15834:
15831:
15829:
15826:
15824:
15821:
15820:
15817:
15814:
15812:
15808:
15798:
15795:
15793:
15790:
15788:
15785:
15783:
15780:
15778:
15775:
15771:
15768:
15767:
15766:
15763:
15761:
15758:
15756:
15753:
15751:
15748:
15746:
15743:
15741:
15738:
15736:
15733:
15732:
15729:
15726:
15724:
15720:
15710:
15707:
15705:
15702:
15700:
15697:
15695:
15692:
15690:
15687:
15685:
15682:
15680:
15677:
15675:
15672:
15670:
15667:
15665:
15662:
15660:
15657:
15655:
15652:
15651:
15648:
15645:
15643:
15639:
15633:
15630:
15628:
15625:
15623:
15620:
15618:
15615:
15613:
15610:
15608:
15607:Austrofascism
15605:
15603:
15600:
15598:
15595:
15593:
15590:
15588:
15585:
15583:
15580:
15578:
15575:
15573:
15570:
15568:
15565:
15563:
15560:
15558:
15555:
15553:
15550:
15548:
15545:
15543:
15540:
15536:
15533:
15531:
15528:
15526:
15523:
15522:
15521:
15518:
15514:
15511:
15509:
15506:
15504:
15501:
15500:
15499:
15496:
15492:
15489:
15488:
15487:
15484:
15482:
15479:
15478:
15476:
15474:
15470:
15466:
15462:
15455:
15450:
15448:
15443:
15441:
15436:
15435:
15432:
15418:
15417:Soviet empire
15415:
15413:
15410:
15409:
15407:
15406:
15404:
15402:Miscellaneous
15400:
15394:
15391:
15389:
15386:
15384:
15381:
15379:
15376:
15374:
15371:
15367:
15364:
15363:
15362:
15359:
15358:
15356:
15352:
15342:
15339:
15337:
15334:
15332:
15329:
15327:
15324:
15320:
15317:
15316:
15315:
15312:
15310:
15307:
15305:
15302:
15300:
15297:
15295:
15292:
15290:
15287:
15285:
15282:
15280:
15277:
15275:
15272:
15270:
15267:
15263:
15260:
15258:
15255:
15254:
15253:
15250:
15248:
15245:
15243:
15240:
15239:
15237:
15235:
15231:
15223:
15220:
15218:
15215:
15213:
15210:
15208:
15205:
15203:
15200:
15199:
15198:
15195:
15193:
15190:
15186:
15183:
15182:
15181:
15178:
15176:
15173:
15169:
15166:
15164:
15161:
15159:
15156:
15155:
15154:
15151:
15149:
15146:
15142:
15139:
15137:
15134:
15133:
15132:
15129:
15125:
15122:
15120:
15117:
15115:
15112:
15110:
15107:
15105:
15102:
15101:
15100:
15097:
15093:
15090:
15088:
15085:
15084:
15083:
15080:
15078:
15075:
15073:
15070:
15068:
15065:
15061:
15058:
15056:
15053:
15051:
15048:
15046:
15043:
15041:
15038:
15037:
15036:
15033:
15029:
15026:
15024:
15021:
15020:
15019:
15016:
15014:
15011:
15007:
15004:
15002:
15001:German Empire
14999:
14998:
14997:
14994:
14990:
14987:
14985:
14982:
14981:
14980:
14977:
14973:
14970:
14968:
14965:
14964:
14963:
14960:
14958:
14955:
14951:
14948:
14946:
14943:
14941:
14938:
14936:
14933:
14931:
14928:
14927:
14926:
14923:
14921:
14918:
14914:
14911:
14909:
14906:
14905:
14903:
14901:
14898:
14896:
14893:
14891:
14888:
14886:
14883:
14881:
14878:
14877:
14875:
14873:
14869:
14863:
14860:
14858:
14855:
14853:
14850:
14846:
14843:
14841:
14838:
14836:
14833:
14831:
14828:
14826:
14823:
14821:
14818:
14816:
14813:
14812:
14811:
14808:
14806:
14803:
14799:
14796:
14794:
14791:
14789:
14786:
14784:
14781:
14779:
14776:
14774:
14771:
14770:
14769:
14766:
14762:
14759:
14757:
14754:
14752:
14749:
14747:
14744:
14743:
14742:
14741:Turco-Persian
14739:
14737:
14734:
14732:
14729:
14727:
14724:
14722:
14719:
14717:
14714:
14712:
14709:
14707:
14704:
14702:
14699:
14695:
14692:
14690:
14687:
14686:
14685:
14682:
14678:
14675:
14673:
14670:
14668:
14665:
14663:
14660:
14658:
14655:
14653:
14650:
14649:
14648:
14645:
14642:
14640:
14637:
14635:
14632:
14630:
14627:
14623:
14620:
14618:
14615:
14613:
14610:
14609:
14608:
14605:
14601:
14598:
14596:
14593:
14591:
14588:
14586:
14583:
14582:
14581:
14578:
14576:
14573:
14571:
14568:
14566:
14563:
14561:
14558:
14556:
14553:
14549:
14546:
14544:
14541:
14539:
14536:
14534:
14531:
14530:
14529:
14526:
14522:
14519:
14517:
14514:
14512:
14509:
14507:
14504:
14503:
14502:
14499:
14495:
14492:
14490:
14487:
14485:
14482:
14481:
14480:
14477:
14475:
14472:
14470:
14467:
14465:
14462:
14460:
14457:
14453:
14450:
14448:
14445:
14443:
14440:
14439:
14438:
14435:
14433:
14430:
14426:
14423:
14421:
14418:
14416:
14413:
14411:
14408:
14406:
14403:
14401:
14398:
14397:
14396:
14393:
14389:
14386:
14384:
14381:
14380:
14379:
14376:
14372:
14369:
14367:
14364:
14362:
14359:
14357:
14354:
14353:
14352:
14349:
14347:
14344:
14340:
14337:
14336:
14335:
14332:
14328:
14325:
14323:
14320:
14319:
14317:
14315:
14312:
14310:
14307:
14305:
14302:
14300:
14297:
14295:
14292:
14290:
14287:
14285:
14282:
14281:
14279:
14277:
14273:
14265:
14262:
14261:
14260:
14257:
14255:
14252:
14248:
14245:
14243:
14240:
14239:
14238:
14235:
14231:
14228:
14227:
14226:
14223:
14219:
14216:
14214:
14211:
14209:
14206:
14204:
14201:
14199:
14196:
14194:
14191:
14190:
14189:
14186:
14184:
14181:
14179:
14176:
14172:
14169:
14167:
14164:
14162:
14159:
14157:
14154:
14153:
14152:
14149:
14145:
14142:
14140:
14137:
14136:
14135:
14132:
14130:
14127:
14123:
14120:
14118:
14115:
14113:
14110:
14108:
14105:
14103:
14100:
14099:
14098:
14095:
14093:
14090:
14088:
14085:
14081:
14078:
14076:
14073:
14071:
14068:
14067:
14066:
14063:
14061:
14058:
14054:
14051:
14049:
14046:
14044:
14041:
14040:
14039:
14036:
14032:
14029:
14027:
14024:
14022:
14019:
14018:
14017:
14014:
14010:
14007:
14005:
14002:
14001:
14000:
13997:
13995:
13992:
13990:
13987:
13986:
13984:
13981:
13976:
13972:
13968:
13961:
13956:
13954:
13949:
13947:
13942:
13941:
13938:
13922:
13921:Janko VukoviÄ
13919:
13917:
13914:
13912:
13909:
13907:
13904:
13902:
13901:MiklĂłs Horthy
13899:
13897:
13894:
13892:
13889:
13887:
13884:
13882:
13879:
13877:
13874:
13872:
13869:
13867:
13864:
13862:
13859:
13857:
13854:
13852:
13849:
13847:
13844:
13842:
13839:
13837:
13834:
13832:
13829:
13827:
13824:
13822:
13819:
13817:
13816:Josip JelaÄiÄ
13814:
13812:
13809:
13807:
13804:
13802:
13799:
13797:
13794:
13792:
13789:
13787:
13784:
13783:
13781:
13777:
13770:
13768:
13765:
13762:
13760:
13757:
13755:
13751:
13749:
13745:
13743:
13739:
13737:
13733:
13731:
13728:
13727:
13725:
13723:Naval Section
13719:
13713:
13710:
13708:
13705:
13703:
13700:
13698:
13694:
13692:
13688:
13686:
13682:
13680:
13676:
13674:
13671:
13670:
13668:
13662:
13656:
13652:
13650:
13647:
13644:
13642:
13639:
13637:
13633:
13630:
13628:
13624:
13621:
13620:
13618:
13616:
13615:General Staff
13612:Chiefs of the
13610:
13604:
13601:
13599:
13596:
13594:
13591:
13589:
13586:
13584:
13581:
13580:
13578:
13576:
13570:
13564:
13561:
13560:Generaloberst
13558:
13556:
13553:
13552:Feldmarschall
13550:
13548:
13544:
13541:
13537:
13534:
13531:
13528:FZM Heinrich
13527:
13524:
13520:
13517:
13513:
13510:
13506:
13503:
13499:
13496:
13493:
13489:
13486:
13483:
13479:
13477:
13473:
13470:
13469:
13467:
13465:
13461:
13455:
13452:
13450:
13447:
13446:
13444:
13442:
13438:
13435:
13431:
13423:
13420:
13419:
13418:
13417:
13413:
13412:
13410:
13406:
13400:
13397:
13395:
13394:
13390:
13386:
13383:
13381:
13378:
13376:
13373:
13371:
13368:
13367:
13366:
13365:
13361:
13360:
13358:
13354:
13347:
13339:
13330:
13320:
13319:Stormtroopers
13317:
13315:
13314:
13310:
13308:
13307:
13303:
13301:
13300:
13299:StandschĂŒtzen
13296:
13294:
13291:
13289:
13286:
13284:
13281:
13279:
13276:
13274:
13273:
13269:
13267:
13266:
13262:
13260:
13257:
13255:
13252:
13250:
13247:
13245:
13242:
13240:
13239:Rank insignia
13237:
13235:
13232:
13228:
13225:
13224:
13223:
13220:
13218:
13215:
13213:
13210:
13208:
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13089:
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13079:
13076:
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13073:
13071:
13067:
13061:
13058:
13056:
13053:
13051:
13048:
13046:
13043:
13041:
13038:
13036:
13033:
13031:
13028:
13026:
13023:
13021:
13018:
13016:
13013:
13011:
13008:
13006:
13003:
13001:
12998:
12996:
12993:
12991:
12988:
12986:
12983:
12981:
12978:
12976:
12973:
12971:
12968:
12967:
12965:
12963:
12959:
12955:
12945:
12942:
12940:
12937:
12935:
12932:
12930:
12927:
12925:
12922:
12920:
12917:
12915:
12912:
12910:
12907:
12905:
12902:
12900:
12897:
12895:
12892:
12890:
12887:
12885:
12882:
12880:
12877:
12875:
12872:
12870:
12867:
12866:
12864:
12862:
12858:
12854:
12844:
12841:
12839:
12836:
12834:
12831:
12829:
12826:
12824:
12821:
12819:
12816:
12814:
12811:
12809:
12806:
12804:
12801:
12799:
12796:
12794:
12791:
12790:
12788:
12786:
12782:
12778:
12774:
12770:
12762:
12757:
12755:
12750:
12748:
12743:
12742:
12739:
12724:
12721:
12716:
12713:
12708:
12705:
12701:
12697:
12692:
12689:
12688:
12686:
12684:
12680:
12671:
12668:
12666:
12663:
12661:
12658:
12656:
12653:
12652:
12650:
12648:
12644:
12635:
12631:
12630:
12629:
12626:
12624:
12621:
12619:
12616:
12614:
12611:
12609:
12606:
12601:
12597:
12594:
12590:
12587:
12583:
12582:
12581:
12578:
12576:
12573:
12571:
12568:
12566:
12563:
12561:
12558:
12556:
12553:
12551:
12548:
12546:
12543:
12542:
12540:
12538:
12534:
12530:
12522:
12517:
12515:
12510:
12508:
12503:
12502:
12499:
12487:
12484:
12482:
12479:
12477:
12474:
12472:
12469:
12467:
12464:
12462:
12459:
12457:
12454:
12452:
12449:
12447:
12444:
12442:
12439:
12438:
12436:
12430:
12423:
12420:
12417:
12413:
12410:
12407:
12404:
12401:
12400:
12398:
12394:
12384:
12381:
12374:
12371:
12369:
12366:
12364:
12361:
12359:
12356:
12354:
12351:
12349:
12346:
12344:
12341:
12339:
12336:
12334:
12331:
12329:
12326:
12322:
12319:
12317:
12314:
12313:
12312:
12309:
12307:
12304:
12303:
12301:
12297:
12291:
12288:
12286:
12283:
12281:
12278:
12276:
12273:
12272:
12270:
12266:
12260:
12257:
12253:
12250:
12248:
12245:
12243:
12240:
12238:
12235:
12234:
12233:
12230:
12229:
12227:
12223:
12215:
12212:
12211:
12210:
12207:
12205:
12202:
12200:
12197:
12196:
12194:
12190:
12184:
12183:Clerk Mission
12181:
12179:
12176:
12174:
12173:Smuts Mission
12171:
12169:
12166:
12164:
12161:
12159:
12156:
12154:
12151:
12149:
12146:
12144:
12141:
12140:
12138:
12134:
12128:
12125:
12123:
12120:
12118:
12115:
12111:(for Hungary)
12108:
12105:
12101:(for Austria)
12098:
12095:
12093:
12090:
12089:
12087:
12083:
12079:
12072:
12067:
12065:
12060:
12058:
12053:
12052:
12049:
12042:
12039:
12037:
12034:
12032:
12028:
12025:
12022:
12020:
12017:
12014:
12013:Map of Europe
12011:
12009:
12006:
12004:
12001:
11998:
11994:
11990:
11987:
11985:
11982:
11980:
11977:
11974:
11970:
11967:
11965:
11962:
11959:
11955:
11954:
11944:
11942:
11937:
11936:
11927:
11923:
11920:
11916:
11912:
11909:
11905:
11893:
11889:
11885:
11881:
11877:
11873:
11869:
11865:
11860:
11856:
11850:
11846:
11842:
11838:
11833:
11831:
11827:
11824:
11820:
11816:
11812:
11808:
11804:
11800:
11796:
11792:
11787:
11784:
11780:
11779:
11770:
11766:
11762:
11759:
11756:Gooch, G. P.
11755:
11751:
11747:
11742:
11737:
11733:
11729:
11725:
11721:
11716:
11714:
11710:
11706:
11705:
11695:
11690:
11686:
11681:
11678:
11674:
11672:
11668:
11665:
11664:online review
11661:
11657:
11655:
11651:
11648:
11647:online review
11644:
11640:
11638:
11634:
11631:
11627:
11623:
11619:
11613:
11609:
11604:
11602:
11598:
11595:
11591:
11587:
11583:
11579:
11575:
11571:
11567:
11562:
11558:
11552:
11548:
11547:
11541:
11537:
11535:0-9147-1016-8
11531:
11527:
11526:
11520:
11516:
11514:1-8417-6594-5
11510:
11506:
11501:
11499:
11494:
11490:
11489:JĂĄszi, OszkĂĄr
11486:
11482:
11477:
11473:
11468:
11464:
11460:
11456:
11452:
11448:
11443:
11439:
11434:
11432:
11428:
11425:
11421:
11417:
11414:
11410:
11406:
11402:
11398:
11394:
11390:
11386:
11382:
11378:
11373:
11369:
11363:
11359:
11355:
11351:
11346:
11342:
11338:
11334:
11330:
11325:
11318:
11314:
11310:
11306:
11302:
11298:
11294:
11287:
11282:
11279:
11275:
11274:
11272:
11250:
11246:
11242:
11239:
11235:
11232:
11228:
11225:
11221:
11217:
11214:
11210:
11208:
11204:
11200:
11197:
11193:
11189:
11185:
11184:
11178:
11176:
11172:
11169:
11165:
11161:
11159:
11155:
11151:
11149:
11145:
11142:Roman, Eric.
11141:
11139:
11135:
11133:
11128:
11124:
11123:
11118:
11114:
11104:
11102:
11101:0-87113-665-1
11098:
11094:
11090:
11087:
11083:
11071:
11067:
11063:
11059:
11053:
11049:
11045:
11041:
11040:
11034:
11032:
11028:
11024:
11022:
11018:
11014:
11011:
11007:
11004:
11001:
10998:
10995:
10991:
10987:
10983:
10979:
10973:
10969:
10965:
10961:
10956:
10953:
10949:
10946:
10942:
10939:
10936:Good, David.
10935:
10933:(2nd ed 2009)
10932:
10928:
10924:
10920:
10916:
10910:
10906:
10902:
10898:
10893:
10889:
10885:
10881:
10877:
10873:
10871:0-8598-9563-7
10867:
10863:
10858:
10856:
10851:
10846:
10842:
10838:
10834:
10830:
10826:
10821:
10817:
10813:
10809:
10805:
10801:
10797:
10793:
10789:
10784:
10772:
10768:
10764:
10760:
10759:
10747:
10741:
10737:
10733:
10728:
10724:
10718:
10714:
10710:
10706:
10701:
10697:
10691:
10687:
10682:
10670:
10666:
10660:
10656:
10655:
10650:
10646:
10640:
10639:
10633:
10629:
10625:
10621:
10617:
10613:
10609:
10605:
10599:
10598:
10591:
10587:
10585:3-2059-8179-0
10581:
10577:
10572:
10568:
10566:3-4865-6079-4
10562:
10558:
10553:
10549:
10545:
10541:
10536:
10532:
10526:
10522:
10517:
10513:
10509:
10505:
10503:0-0604-0171-0
10499:
10495:
10490:
10489:
10476:
10471:
10464:
10452:
10448:
10442:
10438:
10437:
10429:
10413:
10409:
10408:
10403:
10397:
10381:
10377:
10374:(in German).
10373:
10367:
10351:
10347:
10343:
10336:
10334:
10326:
10325:Headlam 1911b
10321:
10313:
10312:
10307:
10303:
10297:
10296:public domain
10283:
10281:
10273:
10267:
10259:
10255:
10251:
10250:
10245:
10239:
10223:
10219:
10213:
10197:
10193:
10187:
10171:
10167:
10161:
10145:
10141:
10135:
10119:
10115:
10108:
10092:
10089:. Dradio.de.
10088:
10082:
10074:
10070:
10066:
10065:
10060:
10054:
10035:
10031:
10025:
10021:
10014:
10007:
9991:
9987:
9983:
9977:
9961:
9957:
9950:
9934:
9930:
9924:
9918:
9914:
9911:
9907:
9901:
9892:
9876:
9872:
9866:
9857:
9848:
9838:
9829:
9822:
9821:0-948106-27-1
9818:
9812:
9805:
9804:963-552-313-0
9801:
9794:
9786:
9780:
9776:
9775:
9767:
9760:
9756:
9752:
9751:Mikulas Teich
9747:
9739:
9733:
9729:
9728:
9720:
9713:
9709:
9705:
9699:
9690:
9681:
9672:
9663:
9647:
9643:
9637:
9628:
9620:
9616:
9609:
9607:
9590:
9586:
9580:
9573:
9572:3-515-08613-7
9569:
9565:
9559:
9543:
9539:
9533:
9518:
9512:
9510:
9500:
9492:
9486:
9482:
9481:
9476:
9470:
9454:
9450:
9444:
9440:
9439:
9431:
9421:
9413:
9406:
9400:
9397:Good, David.
9394:
9385:
9376:
9368:
9361:
9352:
9333:
9326:
9319:
9311:
9305:
9301:
9300:
9292:
9276:
9272:
9266:
9250:
9246:
9240:
9233:
9229:
9226:
9223:
9219:
9218:1-317-11844-8
9215:
9211:
9205:
9189:
9185:
9181:
9174:
9163:
9156:
9149:
9141:
9137:
9130:
9114:
9110:
9104:
9097:
9091:
9083:
9079:
9073:
9066:
9061:
9054:
9049:
9041:
9037:
9031:
9023:
9017:
9013:
9012:
9004:
8996:
8992:
8985:
8969:
8965:
8964:
8956:
8954:
8945:
8941:
8934:
8926:
8920:
8916:
8915:
8907:
8899:
8898:
8890:
8879:
8875:
8868:
8861:
8854:
8850:
8845:
8829:
8825:
8821:
8815:
8800:
8796:
8790:
8786:
8782:
8775:
8759:
8755:
8753:9781904350408
8749:
8746:. p. 8.
8745:
8741:
8737:
8736:
8728:
8721:
8715:
8707:
8703:
8699:
8695:
8688:
8682:, p. 39.
8681:
8676:
8660:
8656:
8650:
8631:
8624:
8618:
8612:
8607:
8600:
8599:3-486-56700-4
8596:
8590:
8574:
8570:
8568:9789639116030
8564:
8560:
8556:
8555:
8547:
8532:
8526:
8522:
8521:
8514:
8499:
8493:
8489:
8485:
8484:
8476:
8469:
8465:
8460:
8453:
8449:
8446:
8441:
8434:
8429:
8413:
8409:
8407:9780823233434
8403:
8399:
8395:
8394:
8386:
8379:
8374:
8366:
8362:
8358:
8357:
8349:
8333:
8329:
8323:
8321:
8313:
8308:
8306:
8298:
8293:
8284:
8279:
8275:
8274:
8269:
8262:
8254:
8248:
8244:
8240:
8233:
8225:
8219:
8215:
8211:
8207:
8200:
8191:
8175:
8171:
8170:H-Net Reviews
8167:
8160:
8152:
8145:
8129:
8125:
8123:9780873386517
8119:
8115:
8111:
8110:
8102:
8094:
8088:
8084:
8077:
8069:
8062:
8054:
8048:
8044:
8037:
8021:
8017:
8011:
8004:(2): 284â305.
8003:
7999:
7992:
7984:
7977:
7969:
7963:
7959:
7955:
7949:
7941:
7935:
7931:
7927:
7923:
7917:
7909:
7903:
7899:
7892:
7884:
7878:
7874:
7867:
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7853:
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7824:
7820:
7814:
7806:
7799:
7780:
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7703:
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7680:
7676:
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7642:
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7609:
7601:
7597:
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7589:
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7581:
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7554:
7546:
7539:
7531:
7527:
7521:
7505:
7501:
7495:
7485:
7478:
7474:
7468:
7464:
7457:
7449:
7443:
7439:
7435:
7428:
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7398:
7394:
7387:
7380:
7369:
7363:
7359:
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7337:
7325:
7321:
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7313:
7306:
7302:
7296:
7292:
7285:
7278:
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7238:
7231:
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7176:
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7164:
7148:
7144:
7138:
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7092:
7088:
7084:
7078:
7076:
7074:
7072:
7070:
7068:
7066:
7058:
7053:
7045:
7039:
7035:
7031:
7024:
7016:
7009:
6993:
6989:
6985:
6981:
6975:
6967:
6963:
6959:
6955:
6951:
6947:
6943:
6939:
6935:
6931:
6924:
6908:
6904:
6900:
6893:
6887:
6882:
6880:
6878:
6868:
6860:
6853:
6851:
6842:
6841:
6835:
6827:
6819:
6815:
6809:
6805:
6804:
6796:
6789:
6785:
6784:
6779:
6778:2-8593-9739-6
6775:
6771:
6765:
6758:
6757:3-8000-3168-X
6754:
6748:
6740:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6720:
6718:
6710:
6706:
6700:
6698:
6681:
6677:
6673:
6667:
6651:
6647:
6643:
6641:
6632:
6624:
6622:9780816074693
6618:
6614:
6613:
6605:
6597:
6596:
6591:
6585:
6578:
6574:
6568:
6552:
6548:
6542:
6534:
6533:
6526:
6518:
6517:
6510:
6502:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6483:
6481:
6479:
6477:
6475:
6473:
6463:
6456:
6452:
6451:Austrian Jews
6448:
6444:
6440:
6433:
6429:
6425:
6421:
6415:
6399:
6395:
6394:
6389:
6383:
6376:
6372:
6369:
6365:
6359:
6343:
6339:
6332:
6328:
6312:
6304:
6298:
6292:
6288:
6284:
6280:
6276:
6270:
6264:
6260:
6256:
6251:
6245:
6241:
6235:
6231:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6171:
6162:
6158:
6155:
6154:
6153:
6152:
6151:
6142:
6140:
6136:
6133:
6130:
6126:
6122:
6118:
6115:
6112:
6108:
6107:Veliki SkoÄaj
6104:
6100:
6096:
6093:
6092:
6091:
6090:
6089:
6081:
6077:
6073:
6070:
6067:and northern
6066:
6062:
6059:
6056:
6052:
6048:
6045:and parts of
6044:
6040:
6036:
6033:
6029:
6026:
6022:
6018:
6014:
6010:
6006:
6002:
5999:
5996:
5992:
5989:
5986:
5982:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5967:
5966:
5964:
5963:
5958:
5957:
5949:
5945:
5941:
5937:
5936:Boka Kotorska
5933:
5930:
5926:
5923:
5919:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5904:
5900:
5896:
5895:Lesser Poland
5892:
5889:
5886:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5871:
5867:
5864:
5860:
5857:
5854:
5850:
5847:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5831:
5826:
5825:
5820:
5812:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5798:
5794:
5788:
5784:
5783:Upper Austria
5780:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5764:
5760:
5759:Lower Austria
5756:
5752:
5748:
5744:
5740:
5736:
5732:
5728:
5726:
5722:
5716:
5712:
5711:
5700:
5698:
5694:
5690:
5682:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5666:
5662:
5658:
5654:
5651:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5615:
5611:
5607:
5604:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5592:
5588:
5584:
5581:
5578:
5574:
5571:
5570:
5569:
5562:
5554:
5544:
5534:
5508:
5507:Saint Germain
5504:
5499:
5492:
5491:Saint Germain
5488:
5483:
5469:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5445:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5426:MiklĂłs Horthy
5423:
5419:
5414:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5383:
5379:
5376:
5373:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5340:
5330:
5328:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5312:
5311:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5287:
5277:
5275:
5270:
5268:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5245:
5240:
5231:
5227:
5224:
5214:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5194:
5192:
5188:
5183:
5181:
5171:
5168:
5164:
5161:
5157:
5154:
5145:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5113:
5109:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5038:
5037:Bielsko-BiaĆa
5034:
5030:
5027:
5023:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4982:
4978:
4975:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4966:
4963:
4954:
4952:
4949:line (1888),
4948:
4945:line (1888),
4944:
4941:line (1887),
4940:
4936:
4932:
4927:
4925:
4915:
4912:
4903:
4898:
4894:
4884:
4882:
4873:
4864:
4861:
4851:
4847:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4798:
4794:
4793:food industry
4788:
4786:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4725:
4721:
4720:Panic of 1873
4716:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4618:
4614:
4612:
4608:
4599:
4590:
4588:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4547:
4532:
4529:
4521:
4510:
4507:
4503:
4500:
4496:
4493:
4489:
4486:
4482:
4479: â
4478:
4474:
4473:Find sources:
4467:
4463:
4457:
4456:
4451:This section
4449:
4445:
4440:
4439:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4396:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4352:
4348:
4343:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4191:
4188:in his book,
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4155:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4119:
4118:Kultursprache
4108:
4104:
4102:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4076:
4074:
4067:
4064:
4063:Landessprache
4058:
4051:
4049:
4044:
4036:
4035:
4029:
4021:
4013:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3999:Magyarization
3996:
3992:
3986:
3976:
3974:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3897:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3859:
3851:
3846:
3836:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3773:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3751:
3747:
3738:
3735:
3729:
3720:
3718:
3717:IstvĂĄn BuriĂĄn
3712:
3705:
3700:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3663:Romanian Army
3658:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3601:Western front
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3581:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3560:Luigi Cadorna
3558:
3549:
3548:Italian Front
3545:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3427:Eastern front
3420:
3416:
3411:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3381:
3371:
3369:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3351:
3341:
3338:
3331:
3321:
3319:
3309:
3305:
3304:Franz Josef I
3301:
3296:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3272:
3266:
3264:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3227:
3223:
3216:
3211:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3178:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3139:
3129:
3127:
3122:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3103:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3080:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3044:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3012:
3004:
3003:Eduard Wagnes
3000:
2996:
2992:
2991:special units
2988:
2983:
2978:
2977:Bosnia Crisis
2974:
2970:
2960:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2919:
2914:
2905:
2903:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2831:
2819:
2814:
2812:
2807:
2805:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2783:
2782:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2698:ĂrpĂĄd dynasty
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2663:
2662:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2588:
2587:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2383:
2382:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2310:
2309:Royal Hungary
2307:
2306:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2183:
2182:
2173:862–895
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2153:567–822
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2143:469–553
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2133:454–567
2132:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2118:
2117:
2110:
2109:Hunnic Empire
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2088:Early history
2085:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2044:
2039:
2037:
2032:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2008:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1860:Austrofascism
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1609:Early history
1606:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1513:
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1333:; Hungarian:
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1314:
1309:
1304:
1303:Dual Monarchy
1300:
1297:; Hungarian:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1279:; Hungarian:
1278:
1273:
1269:) (in detail
1263:
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1101:dual monarchy
1097:
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1090:German Empire
1087:
1082:
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1077:
1073:
1069:
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1061:
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1048:Dual Monarchy
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667:
664:
663:Dual Alliance
658:
655:30 March 1867
654:
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18364:Architecture
18331:Prostitution
18262:Demographics
18226:Unemployment
18216:Trade unions
18051:Intelligence
18046:Human rights
18031:Constitution
17906:Coat of arms
17864:List of wars
17849:Christianity
17816:World War II
17790:
17751:Principality
17656:South Africa
17651:Sierra Leone
17598:
17428:Two Sicilies
17363:Papal States
17202:
17163:
17102:
16995:
16861:
16621:Cook Islands
16474:
16460:Saudi Arabia
16389:
15977:Coat of arms
15967:Architecture
15934:Prostitution
15904:Demographics
15782:Legal system
15760:Human rights
15740:Constitution
15581:
15535:East Francia
15168:Contemporary
15018:Indo-Persian
15006:Nazi Germany
14950:Contemporary
14894:
14852:Vijayanagara
14751:Great Seljuk
14662:Thessalonica
14590:Golden Horde
14230:Carthaginian
14009:Neo-Assyrian
13994:Neo-Sumerian
13856:Artur Phleps
13721:Heads of the
13646:Generalmajor
13538:(GdI) Franz
13532:von Pitreich
13414:
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13364:Kriegsmarine
13362:
13311:
13304:
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13270:
13263:
12785:Cisleithania
12772:
12699:
12695:
12683:Condominiums
12537:Cisleithania
12528:
11938:
11914:
11907:
11896:. Retrieved
11871:
11867:
11836:
11818:
11794:
11790:
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11764:
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11380:
11376:
11349:
11332:
11328:
11317:the original
11296:
11292:
11277:
11253:. Retrieved
11237:
11230:
11219:
11212:
11202:
11195:
11182:
11163:
11153:
11143:
11131:
11120:
11092:
11085:
11074:. Retrieved
11038:
11026:
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10937:
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10861:
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10824:
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10787:
10775:. Retrieved
10766:
10731:
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10673:. Retrieved
10653:
10637:
10623:
10611:
10596:
10575:
10556:
10539:
10520:
10493:
10485:Bibliography
10470:
10462:
10455:. Retrieved
10435:
10428:
10416:. Retrieved
10412:the original
10405:
10396:
10384:. Retrieved
10366:
10354:. Retrieved
10345:
10327:, p. 4.
10320:
10309:
10271:
10266:
10248:
10238:
10228:11 September
10226:. Retrieved
10212:
10200:. Retrieved
10196:the original
10186:
10176:11 September
10174:. Retrieved
10160:
10150:11 September
10148:. Retrieved
10144:the original
10134:
10124:11 September
10122:. Retrieved
10118:the original
10107:
10097:11 September
10095:. Retrieved
10081:
10063:
10053:
10041:. Retrieved
10034:the original
10019:
10006:
9994:. Retrieved
9985:
9976:
9964:. Retrieved
9949:
9937:. Retrieved
9923:
9905:
9904:Kogan Page:
9900:
9891:
9879:. Retrieved
9865:
9856:
9847:
9837:
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9811:
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9766:
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9650:. Retrieved
9646:the original
9636:
9627:
9619:the original
9593:. Retrieved
9579:
9563:
9558:
9546:. Retrieved
9532:
9520:. Retrieved
9499:
9479:
9469:
9457:. Retrieved
9437:
9430:
9420:
9411:
9405:
9398:
9393:
9384:
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9351:
9339:. Retrieved
9332:the original
9318:
9298:
9291:
9279:. Retrieved
9275:the original
9265:
9253:. Retrieved
9249:the original
9239:
9222:Google Books
9209:
9204:
9192:. Retrieved
9183:
9173:
9148:
9140:the original
9129:
9117:. Retrieved
9103:
9095:
9090:
9081:
9072:
9060:
9048:
9039:
9030:
9010:
9003:
8994:
8984:
8972:. Retrieved
8962:
8939:
8933:
8913:
8906:
8896:
8889:
8873:
8860:
8852:
8844:
8832:. Retrieved
8823:
8814:
8803:, retrieved
8784:
8774:
8762:. Retrieved
8734:
8727:
8719:
8714:
8697:
8693:
8687:
8680:Headlam 1911
8675:
8663:. Retrieved
8649:
8637:. Retrieved
8630:the original
8617:
8606:
8589:
8577:. Retrieved
8553:
8546:
8534:. Retrieved
8519:
8513:
8501:. Retrieved
8482:
8475:
8463:
8459:
8440:
8428:
8416:. Retrieved
8392:
8385:
8373:
8355:
8348:
8336:. Retrieved
8332:the original
8292:
8271:
8261:
8238:
8232:
8205:
8199:
8190:
8180:25 September
8178:. Retrieved
8169:
8159:
8150:
8144:
8132:. Retrieved
8108:
8101:
8082:
8076:
8067:
8061:
8042:
8036:
8026:11 September
8024:. Retrieved
8020:the original
8010:
8001:
7997:
7991:
7982:
7976:
7957:
7948:
7925:
7916:
7897:
7891:
7872:
7866:
7847:
7841:
7822:
7813:
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7798:
7786:. Retrieved
7779:the original
7748:
7716:
7693:
7687:
7678:
7674:
7668:
7656:. Retrieved
7631:(1): 65â86.
7628:
7624:
7608:
7591:
7562:
7553:
7544:
7538:
7529:
7520:
7510:29 September
7508:. Retrieved
7494:
7484:
7476:
7462:
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7433:
7427:
7415:
7392:
7386:
7378:
7371:. Retrieved
7351:
7343:
7335:
7328:. Retrieved
7318:
7312:
7304:
7290:
7284:
7275:
7261:
7255:
7236:
7230:
7222:
7217:
7205:
7196:
7187:
7175:
7170:, chapter 8.
7163:
7151:. Retrieved
7137:
7125:
7117:the original
7107:
7095:. Retrieved
7086:
7059:, chapter 6.
7052:
7029:
7023:
7014:
7008:
6996:. Retrieved
6974:
6936:(1): 20â34.
6933:
6929:
6923:
6911:. Retrieved
6902:
6892:
6867:
6858:
6838:
6826:
6818:the original
6802:
6795:
6788:Google Books
6786:, p. 60, at
6781:
6769:
6764:
6747:
6736:
6704:
6684:. Retrieved
6675:
6666:
6654:. Retrieved
6645:
6639:
6631:
6611:
6604:
6594:
6584:
6572:
6567:
6555:. Retrieved
6541:
6531:
6525:
6515:
6509:
6498:
6462:
6446:
6431:
6427:
6423:
6419:
6414:
6402:. Retrieved
6391:
6382:
6363:
6358:
6348:11 September
6346:. Retrieved
6342:the original
6331:
6311:
6297:
6269:
6250:
6234:
6147:
6146:
6086:
6085:
6039:Transylvania
6016:
5960:
5954:
5953:
5899:Subcarpathia
5851:(except the
5830:Cisleithania
5828:
5822:
5821:
5817:
5791:
5721:Cisleithania
5719:
5686:
5657:proto-states
5610:proto-states
5567:
5454:Habsburg Law
5451:
5415:
5387:
5358:
5324:
5320:
5309:
5289:
5271:
5266:
5263:
5243:
5228:
5220:
5207:GĂĄbor Baross
5200:
5191:Adriatic Sea
5184:
5177:
5150:
5042:
4967:
4960:
4953:line (1912)
4929:Electrified
4928:
4921:
4908:
4878:
4857:
4848:
4839:
4833:
4789:
4768:
4752:central bank
4744:Wiener Börse
4740:urbanization
4734:accelerated
4729:
4615:
4604:
4583:
4552:
4524:
4515:
4505:
4498:
4491:
4484:
4472:
4460:Please help
4455:verification
4452:
4393:
4391:
4371:Adolf Hitler
4356:
4351:Leopoldstadt
4294:
4285:Istvan Tisza
4265:
4225:Transylvania
4218:
4210:Brno (BrĂŒnn)
4194:
4189:
4186:Misha Glenny
4171:
4156:
4124:equal rights
4115:
4113:
4097:
4087:(NagyrĆce),
4081:(gymnasiums)
4077:
4069:
4053:
4047:
4045:
4041:
3979:Demographics
3972:
3960:
3942:After 1878,
3941:
3909:
3891:
3879:Cisleithania
3864:
3821:
3805:
3793:
3765:
3761:
3730:
3726:
3713:
3709:
3704:PÄuleni-Ciuc
3660:
3645:Villa Giusti
3633:Armando Diaz
3613:
3578:
3576:
3572:four battles
3553:
3511:
3483:puppet state
3460:
3424:
3383:
3368:Green Cadres
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3333:
3314:
3275:
3268:
3259:
3242:IstvĂĄn Tisza
3231:
3201:
3182:
3123:
3119:
3104:
3100:
3076:
3045:
3036:
3024:
3008:
2957:
2949:Napoleon III
2922:
2886:
2855:
2827:
2748:Coat of arms
2733:Christianity
2728:List of Wars
2591:Contemporary
2574:World War II
2443:
2289:Ottoman Wars
2271:Early modern
2254:Ottoman Wars
2004:
1887:World War II
1803:
1708:East Francia
1552:
1527:
1525:
1507:
1503:
1487:
1479:
1471:
1463:
1454:Cisleithania
1441:
1433:
1423:
1415:
1410:k.u.k. Armee
1407:
1399:
1387:
1376:
1341:
1339:
1320:
1302:
1284:
1242:
1233:
1223:
1211:
1169:
1137:
1109:Cisleithania
1098:
1083:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:
975:West Ukraine
930:
884:
852:Succeeded by
851:
846:
707:28 July 1914
694:28 June 1914
435:Emperor-King
261:Largest city
187:Cisleithania
126:
107:Motto:
106:
89:Coat of arms
25:
18577: /
18480:Spa culture
18311:Irredentism
18149:Agriculture
18078:Nationality
17796:World War I
17595:British Raj
17567:(Sri Lanka)
17453:WĂŒrttemberg
17165:South Yemen
17053:Maguindanao
16946:Afghanistan
16707:Barotseland
16643:Saint Lucia
16616:New Zealand
16525:Netherlands
16298:Chhatrapati
16282:Sovereignty
16222:Aristocracy
15929:Pornography
15919:Health care
15823:Agriculture
15777:LGBT rights
15770:enforcement
14756:Khwarezmian
14689:Carolingian
14494:Rashtrakuta
14198:Shaishunaga
14097:Hellenistic
14080:New Kingdom
14070:Old Kingdom
13866:Alfred Redl
13811:Franz Böhme
13666:of the Navy
13521:GdK Edmund
13514:FZM Rudolf
13375:Battleships
13306:Schutzkorps
13272:KaiserjÀger
13202:Common Army
12726:(1901â1917)
12698:1908â1918;
12673:(1867â1882)
12383:LajtabĂĄnsĂĄg
12299:Short-lived
12242:Sudetenland
12158:Pichon Line
11919:online free
11138:online free
9119:19 November
8974:7 September
8764:14 November
8639:19 November
8611:Taylor 1964
8579:16 November
8433:Watson 2014
8378:Watson 2014
8312:Watson 2014
8297:Watson 2014
8134:19 November
7721:Watson 2014
7681:(2): 163ff.
7373:2 September
7210:Bridge 1972
7200:Wank, 2020.
6759:, in German
6453:, although
6242:and 10â12%
6125:Herceg Novi
6103:Mali SkoÄaj
6032:Zakarpattia
6019:along with
5874:South Tyrol
5693:Switzerland
5493:(1919â1920)
5300:Common Army
5217:Tisza River
5139:Underground
5077:NyĂregyhĂĄza
5057:Szombathely
4785:pastoralism
4363:antisemitic
4235:in today's
4212:). The old
4073:Sudetenland
3912:parliaments
3901:Common Army
3869:turned the
3734:German army
3503:proto state
3203:Schutzkorps
3149:July Crisis
2889:Ferenc DeĂĄk
2464:World War I
2386:Late modern
2279:Reformation
2224:Golden Bull
2068:History of
1816:World War I
1735:Middle Ages
1589:History of
1206:Silver coin
1168:successors
1144:World War I
847:Preceded by
833:(1892â1918)
825:(1867â1892)
776:4 June 1920
689:July Crisis
634:World War I
560:Legislature
220:Condominium
171:World War I
92:(1915â1918)
18592:Categories
18565:16°21âČ54âłE
18562:48°12âČ27âłN
18495:Television
18460:Literature
18450:Inventions
18301:Hungarians
18291:Healthcare
18181:(currency)
18083:Parliament
17884:Holy Crown
17661:Tanganyika
17576:The Gambia
17504:NiuÄ-Fekai
17443:Yugoslavia
17343:Montenegro
17150:Upper Yafa
17145:Upper Asir
16782:Madagascar
16515:Luxembourg
16247:Government
16212:Abdication
16181:Hereditary
16109:Monarchies
15997:Literature
15792:Parliament
15755:Government
15674:Ecoregions
15326:Portuguese
15207:Revival Le
15197:Vietnamese
14840:Later Tran
14810:Vietnamese
14706:Singhasari
14694:Holy Roman
14318:Bulgarian
14254:Satavahana
14225:Phoenician
14161:Achaemenid
14122:Indo-Greek
14102:Macedonian
14016:Babylonian
13779:Commanders
13494:von Koller
13433:Leadership
13234:First Army
12702:1878â1918)
11874:: 88â108.
11726:(3): 208.
10880:1150075157
10833:1149195550
10675:4 December
10620:Sked, Alan
10256:. p.
10071:. p.
9755:Roy Porter
9255:28 January
8418:2 December
8212:. p.
7330:7 December
7087:Britannica
6998:31 January
6323:References
6117:Montenegro
6003:(Croatian
5981:Burgenland
5922:Chernivtsi
5839:Burgenland
5787:Vorarlberg
5755:KĂŒstenland
5697:Vorarlberg
5438:Versailles
5308:Hungarian
5306:, and the
5211:Iron Gates
5205:. Finally
5049:Bratislava
5024:Dalmatia:
4943:Szentendre
4858:The first
4764:1990 Int$
4682:Ruthenian
4642:Hungarian
4518:April 2023
4488:newspapers
4416:Samu Hazai
4007:Panslavism
3989:See also:
3973:status quo
3956:Montenegro
3875:real union
3839:Government
3471:Wilhelm II
3348:See also:
3328:See also:
3308:Wilhelm II
3197:Ivo AndriÄ
3088:Maximilian
3068:Montenegro
3032:Suez Canal
3011:Pan-Slavic
2753:Literature
2703:Holy Crown
2673:Hungarians
2653:since 2012
1974:Liberalism
1698:Carantania
1676:Marcomanni
1510:kraljevski
1265:(English:
1245:was used (
1237:(English:
1181:, and the
1105:real union
989:Yugoslavia
810:51,390,223
799:Population
423:Government
413:Demonym(s)
385:Protestant
218:, and the
94:(see also
18440:Festivals
18321:Languages
18267:Education
18221:Transport
18168:Companies
18100:President
18036:Elections
17990:Mountains
17962:Hydrology
17920:Geography
17631:Mauritius
17524:Rarotonga
17509:Nuku Hiva
17499:Mangareva
17474:Bora Bora
17353:NeuchĂątel
17323:Lithuania
17228:Catalonia
17115:Sri Lanka
17068:Manchukuo
17043:Kurdistan
16997:Indonesia
16920:Talamanca
16880:AraucanĂa
16863:and other
16842:Wassoulou
16586:Australia
16262:Oligarchy
15924:Languages
15909:Education
15863:Transport
15833:Companies
15745:Elections
15684:Mountains
15669:Districts
15642:Geography
15612:Anschluss
15498:Roman Era
15319:Couronian
14957:Ethiopian
14945:Manchukuo
14900:Brazilian
14746:Ghaznavid
14716:Srivijaya
14667:Trebizond
14652:Byzantine
14634:North Sea
14629:Norwegian
14617:Almoravid
14600:Ilkhanate
14570:Majapahit
14543:Muromachi
14452:Solomonic
14437:Ethiopian
14351:Caliphate
14284:Aragonese
14112:Ptolemaic
13598:Charles I
13542:Schönaich
13454:Charles I
13408:Air Force
13265:FeldjÀger
12833:1900â1901
12803:1871â1872
12405:to Poland
12136:Diplomacy
11933:In German
11888:143745426
11811:143481172
11405:154381768
11313:145716467
11265:World war
11076:23 August
11066:239313989
10986:167195732
10923:28444909M
10841:13524274M
10816:151977197
10777:19 August
10548:22077590M
10512:21992200M
10418:28 August
10254:Macmillan
10202:28 August
10069:Macmillan
9996:8 October
9881:19 August
9761:, p. 266.
9574:, p. 246.
9459:17 August
9341:28 August
8536:1 January
8503:1 January
8338:28 August
7645:154930518
7600:21170640M
7083:"Austria"
6966:144762108
6950:0008-9389
6886:Kann 1974
6577:Frankfurt
6443:Ukrainian
6418:From the
6287:Hungarian
6275:âčSee Tfdâș
6263:Unitarian
6065:Vojvodina
6055:MaramureÈ
5995:Prekmurje
5979:Austria (
5863:Prekmurje
5853:HluÄĂnsko
5739:Carinthia
5315:Landsturm
5255:Dubrovnik
5132:Dubrovnik
5110:Croatia:
5073:Satu Mare
5065:TimiÈoara
5031:Galicia:
5026:Dubrovnik
4974:Innsbruck
4854:Telephone
4836:Pressburg
4830:Telegraph
4760:GDP (PPP)
4726:followed.
4674:Romanian
4650:Croatian
4581:in 1365.
4434:Education
4281:Charles I
4253:Vojvodina
4221:Romanians
3937:Reichsrat
3929:âčSee Tfdâș
3706:, Romania
3680:Bucharest
3616:Caporetto
3344:Homefront
3058:with the
1870:Anschluss
1855:Civil War
1684:Baiuvarii
1630:Roman Era
1545:Hungarian
1533:âčSee Tfdâș
1366:Hungarian
1326:âčSee Tfdâș
1308:âčSee Tfdâș
1290:âčSee Tfdâș
1272:âčSee Tfdâș
1248:âčSee Tfdâș
1229:Hungarian
1215:âčSee Tfdâș
1152:dissolved
364:Religion
313:Ruthenian
281:Hungarian
73:1867â1918
62:Hungarian
18540:Category
18445:Folklore
18422:Sausages
18341:Religion
18201:Taxation
18186:Industry
18066:Military
18014:Politics
17937:Counties
17896:Nobility
17879:Monarchs
17859:Military
17854:Economic
17746:Pannonia
17721:articles
17646:Rhodesia
17641:Pakistan
17560:Barbados
17529:Rimatara
17519:Rapa Iti
17448:Valencia
17423:Tavolara
17413:Scotland
17378:Portugal
17338:Moldavia
17223:Bulgaria
17218:Brittany
17193:Asturias
17073:Mongolia
17063:Maldives
16925:Trinidad
16915:Suriname
16873:Americas
16857:Zimbabwe
16852:Zanzibar
16837:Wituland
16812:Ngazidja
16807:Ndzuwani
16742:Ethiopia
16465:Thailand
16445:Malaysia
16425:Cambodia
16375:Eswatini
16171:Elective
16156:Absolute
16062:Category
15939:Religion
15889:Abortion
15848:Taxation
15787:Military
15723:Politics
15525:Rugiland
15508:Pannonia
15465:articles
15299:Japanese
15262:Scottish
15242:American
15234:Colonial
15163:Imperial
15131:Moroccan
15067:Japanese
15045:Afsharid
14904:Burmese
14890:Austrian
14845:Later Le
14820:Early Le
14805:Venetian
14731:Tiwanaku
14644:Hellenic
14607:Moroccan
14538:Kamakura
14528:Japanese
14511:Saffarid
14464:Georgian
14378:Chalukya
14356:Rashidun
14346:Calakmul
14314:Bruneian
14193:Haryanka
14171:Sasanian
14166:Parthian
14117:Bactrian
14107:Seleucid
14087:Goguryeo
14065:Egyptian
13999:Assyrian
13989:Akkadian
13980:Colonies
13540:Freiherr
13523:Freiherr
13516:Freiherr
13509:Freiherr
13492:Freiherr
13482:Freiherr
13441:Emperors
13422:Aircraft
13380:Cruisers
13249:Weaponry
13070:Dalmatia
12700:de facto
12424:to China
12418:to Italy
12409:Bukovina
12396:Cessions
12168:Vix Note
12085:Treaties
12027:Archived
11973:Archived
11922:Archived
11892:Archived
11826:Archived
11667:Archived
11650:Archived
11633:Archived
11597:Archived
11586:96478651
11491:(1966).
11463:6715012M
11427:Archived
11299:: 1â56.
11249:Archived
11171:Archived
11115:(1922).
11070:Archived
10888:1313375M
10808:40650848
10771:Archived
10767:BBC News
10669:Archived
10651:(2001).
10634:(1964).
10622:(1989).
10610:(1976),
10451:Archived
10380:Archived
10350:Archived
10246:(1919).
10222:Archived
10170:Archived
10091:Archived
10061:(1919).
9990:Archived
9966:10 April
9960:Archived
9939:25 March
9933:Archived
9913:Archived
9910:page 174
9875:Archived
9714:, p. 31.
9652:11 March
9595:25 March
9589:Archived
9548:11 March
9542:Archived
9522:25 March
9477:(2013).
9453:Archived
9228:Archived
9188:Archived
9184:650 Plus
9162:Archived
9113:Archived
9038:(2003).
8968:Archived
8878:Archived
8828:Archived
8799:archived
8758:Archived
8742:for the
8665:24 March
8659:Archived
8601:, p. 150
8573:Archived
8448:Archived
8412:Archived
8365:Archived
8210:ABC-CLIO
8174:Archived
8128:Archived
7956:(2011).
7821:(1968).
7775:16455027
7649:Archived
7616:(1991).
7590:(1988).
7571:5388162M
7561:(1971).
7528:(2013).
7504:Archived
7324:Archived
7221:Langer,
7153:24 March
7147:Archived
7097:24 March
7091:Archived
6992:Archived
6907:Archived
6680:Archived
6650:Archived
6592:(1896).
6579:), 1996.
6551:Archived
6404:25 March
6398:Archived
6371:Archived
6259:Reformed
6255:Lutheran
6168:See also
6159:(former
6121:Sutorina
6069:Belgrade
6021:Slavonia
5991:Slovenia
5975:Slovakia
5948:Sutomore
5944:Petrovac
5918:Ternopil
5870:Trentino
5861:(except
5859:Slovenia
5841:without
5767:Salzburg
5747:Dalmatia
5743:Carniola
5735:Bukovina
5679:and the
5648:(former
5625:and the
5407:BĂ©la Kun
5280:Military
5189:and the
5130:(1910);
5126:(1908);
5118:(1904);
5114:(1899);
5103:(1913);
5097:Novi Sad
5093:Debrecen
5091:(1908);
5087:(1906);
5075:(1900);
5067:(1899);
5059:(1897),
5055:(1897),
5053:Subotica
5035:(1894),
5002:(1901);
4797:Budapest
4666:Serbian
4359:populist
4309:deputies
4237:Slovakia
4159:Dalmatia
4140:Carniola
3871:Habsburg
3684:Moldavia
3672:Muntenia
3390:Brindisi
3185:Sarajevo
3009:Russian
2987:Bosniaks
2773:Budapest
2763:Székelys
2723:Military
2718:Nobility
2678:Timeline
2186:Medieval
2059:a series
2057:Part of
2006:Timeline
1989:Hinduism
1949:Football
1680:Lombards
1648:Rugiland
1638:Pannonia
1580:a series
1578:Part of
1520:Croatian
1383:k. u. k.
1345:and the
1329:German:
1311:German:
1293:German:
1275:German:
1251:German:
1189:and the
1162:and the
1107:between
1088:and the
815:Currency
379:Catholic
349:Friulian
317:Romanian
286:Croatian
247:Budapest
18524:Outline
18500:Theatre
18490:Symbols
18435:Fashion
18395:Cuisine
18370:Castles
18356:Culture
18240:Society
18211:Tourism
18178:Forint
18137:Economy
18088:Speaker
18026:Cabinet
18000:Regions
17968:Islands
17957:Geology
17947:Climate
17729:History
17717:Hungary
17636:Nigeria
17611:Ireland
17539:Tahuata
17514:Raiatea
17494:Huahine
17469:Abemama
17462:Oceania
17433:Tuscany
17388:Romania
17383:Prussia
17348:Navarre
17328:Majorca
17308:Ireland
17303:Imereti
17298:Iceland
17293:Hungary
17288:Hanover
17283:Granada
17273:Germany
17268:Georgia
17263:Galicia
17253:Finland
17243:Corsica
17238:Cilicia
17208:Bavaria
17198:Austria
17183:Albania
17155:Vietnam
17098:Sarawak
17088:Qu'aiti
17023:Kathiri
16986:Dapitan
16961:Bukhara
16910:Miskito
16832:Tunisia
16822:Shilluk
16732:Dahomey
16722:Burundi
16712:Bagirmi
16692:Adamawa
16611:Jamaica
16606:Grenada
16591:Bahamas
16555:Oceania
16505:Denmark
16500:Belgium
16495:Andorra
16410:Bahrain
16385:Morocco
16380:Lesotho
16359:Current
16350:Pharaoh
16303:Emperor
16242:Dynasty
16196:Regency
16176:Federal
16166:Diarchy
16120:Monarch
16046:Outline
16007:Museums
15982:Cuisine
15959:Culture
15877:Society
15858:Tourism
15828:Banking
15811:Economy
15617:Ostmark
15503:Noricum
15473:History
15461:Austria
15366:largest
15361:Empires
15341:Swedish
15336:Spanish
15331:Russian
15294:Italian
15269:Chinese
15257:English
15252:British
15247:Belgian
15222:Vietnam
15212:Tay son
15158:Tsarist
15153:Russian
15148:Ottoman
15114:Dzungar
15109:Khoshut
15082:Mexican
15077:Maratha
15060:Pahlavi
15040:Safavid
15035:Iranian
14962:Haitian
14925:Chinese
14885:Ashanti
14857:Wagadou
14783:Eastern
14778:Western
14761:Timurid
14721:Tibetan
14711:Songhai
14701:Serbian
14622:Almohad
14612:Idrisid
14516:Samanid
14506:Tahirid
14501:Iranian
14479:Kannauj
14459:Genoese
14395:Chinese
14388:Eastern
14383:Western
14371:Fatimid
14366:Abbasid
14361:Umayyad
14334:Burmese
14294:Ayyubid
14289:Angevin
14259:Xianbei
14247:Eastern
14242:Western
14188:Magadha
14151:Iranian
14144:Xiongnu
14129:Hittite
14038:Chinese
14026:Kassite
13975:Ancient
13967:Empires
13385:U-Boats
12771:and in
12696:de jure
12600:Trieste
12403:Galicia
12268:Hungary
12225:Austria
11991:at the
11767:(1919)
11455:1065632
11397:1875406
11329:History
11205:(1930)
11156:(1976)
10356:3 March
10308:(ed.).
10298::
10274:(1976).
10043:19 June
9281:11 June
9194:20 June
8834:30 June
8805:30 June
8359:(pdf).
7489:10,058.
6958:4545476
6913:31 July
6735:(ed.).
6656:20 July
6497:(ed.).
6306:Europe.
6244:Eastern
6099:Zavalje
6071:region)
6051:CriÈana
6043:Partium
6005:Baranja
6001:Croatia
5983:except
5970:Hungary
5929:Suceava
5903:Silesia
5888:Croatia
5868:Italy (
5771:Silesia
5763:Moravia
5751:Galicia
5731:Bohemia
5703:Present
5555:in 1914
5545:in 1914
5535:in 1914
5466:Madeira
5430:admiral
5394:Trianon
5242:The SS
5134:(1910).
5120:Opatija
5061:Miskolc
5019:Cieszyn
5000:Ostrava
4992:Moravia
4983:(1904).
4947:GödöllĆ
4939:RĂĄckeve
4840:Pozsony
4781:famines
4692:Economy
4658:Slovak
4634:German
4502:scholar
4400:Galicia
4395:shtetls
4379:pogroms
4347:Galicia
4337:in 1869
4313:poverty
4261:Romania
4249:Croatia
4233:Slovaks
4167:Galicia
3819:state.
3676:Dobruja
3668:Oltenia
3425:On the
3421:in 1915
3318:Germany
3250:Potsdam
3143:Prelude
2993:of the
2870:Tuscany
2851:Russian
2738:Economy
2649:Hungary
2070:Hungary
1954:Cricket
1634:Noricum
1591:Austria
1559:History
1553:Austria
1227:and in
1170:de jure
1046:or the
1003:Romania
915:Hungary
901:Austria
769:âą
752:âą
739:âą
726:âą
713:âą
700:âą
687:âą
674:âą
661:âą
648:âą
597:âą
571:âą
345:Yiddish
337:Italian
333:Slovene
325:Serbian
321:Bosnian
251:Hungary
241:Austria
230:Capital
216:Hungary
212:Austria
140:English
127:Anthem:
18545:Portal
18415:Dishes
18390:Cinema
18286:Health
18173:Energy
17982:Rivers
17889:Regent
17719:
17671:Uganda
17621:Malawi
17586:Guyana
17565:Ceylon
17544:Tahiti
17534:Rurutu
17489:Hawaii
17418:Serbia
17403:Saxony
17393:Russia
17278:Greece
17258:France
17248:Cyprus
17233:Crimea
17213:Bosnia
17188:Aragon
17176:Europe
17140:Taiwan
17110:Sikkim
17093:Ryukyu
17078:Najran
16976:Chehab
16956:Bengal
16905:Mexico
16890:Brazil
16817:Rwanda
16797:Maravi
16697:Ankole
16685:Africa
16677:Former
16658:Tuvalu
16601:Canada
16596:Belize
16540:Sweden
16530:Norway
16520:Monaco
16487:Europe
16440:Kuwait
16435:Jordan
16420:Brunei
16415:Bhutan
16367:Africa
16340:Sultan
16291:Titles
16205:Topics
16067:Portal
15972:Cinema
15843:Mining
15838:Energy
15699:States
15694:Rivers
15664:Cities
15513:Raetia
15463:
15304:Mongol
15289:German
15284:French
15274:Danish
15217:Dainam
15192:Tongan
15180:Somali
15175:Sokoto
15141:'Alawi
15119:Kalmyk
15099:Mongol
15092:Second
15072:Korean
15023:Mughal
15013:Indian
14996:German
14989:Second
14979:French
14972:Second
14908:Second
14880:Afghan
14872:Modern
14798:Kyrgyz
14793:Uighur
14788:Second
14768:Turkic
14736:Toltec
14672:Epirus
14657:Nicaea
14580:Mongol
14533:Yamato
14469:Huetar
14327:Second
14264:Rouran
14213:Shunga
14208:Maurya
14183:Kushan
14156:Median
14134:Hunnic
14092:Harsha
13530:Ritter
13474:(FML)
12718:(1918)
12593:Istria
11898:26 May
11886:
11851:
11823:online
11809:
11769:online
11750:197930
11748:
11713:online
11630:Online
11614:
11594:online
11584:
11553:
11532:
11511:
11498:online
11461:
11453:
11424:online
11403:
11395:
11364:
11311:
11280:(2016)
11224:online
11215:(1989)
11207:online
11168:ONLINE
11158:online
11148:online
11146:(2003)
11110:
11099:
11088:(2003)
11064:
11054:
11031:online
11021:online
10984:
10974:
10940:(1984)
10921:
10911:
10886:
10878:
10868:
10855:online
10839:
10831:
10814:
10806:
10742:
10719:
10692:
10661:
10582:
10563:
10546:
10527:
10510:
10500:
10457:4 June
10443:
10386:2 June
10304:". In
10292:
10026:
9819:
9802:
9781:
9734:
9710:
9570:
9487:
9445:
9306:
9216:
9098:, p. 5
9018:
8921:
8791:
8750:
8597:
8565:
8527:
8494:
8470:, 2007
8404:
8249:
8220:
8120:
8089:
8049:
7964:
7936:
7904:
7879:
7854:
7829:
7788:6 June
7773:
7763:
7704:
7643:
7598:
7569:
7469:
7444:
7403:
7364:
7297:
7268:
7243:
7040:
6964:
6956:
6948:
6810:
6783:online
6776:
6755:
6686:16 May
6619:
6455:Hebrew
6279:German
6061:Serbia
6053:, and
5985:Sopron
5843:Sopron
5809:; 18.
5801:: 16.
5785:, 15.
5781:, 14.
5777:, 13.
5775:Styria
5773:, 12.
5769:, 11.
5765:, 10.
5551:
5549:
5541:
5539:
5531:
5529:
5523:
5517:
5511:
5422:regent
5310:Honvéd
5274:Rijeka
5187:Danube
5160:UNESCO
5156:Line 1
5128:Zagreb
5124:Lovran
5107:(1913)
5101:KoĆĄice
5089:Szeged
5085:Oradea
5069:Sopron
5028:(1910)
4951:Csepel
4685:22.2%
4677:28.2%
4669:51.3%
4661:58.1%
4653:62.5%
4645:67.1%
4637:70.7%
4567:KrakĂłw
4504:
4497:
4490:
4483:
4475:
4375:Nazism
4299:, the
4297:Istria
4257:Serbia
4241:Croats
4239:, and
4206:Pilsen
4202:Prague
4197:Czechs
4144:corpus
4126:as an
4085:RevĂșca
4005:, and
3952:Serbia
3933:German
3918:: the
3626:under
3564:Isonzo
3540:Trento
3155:, and
3092:Rudolf
3072:Serbia
2975:, and
2666:Topics
2061:on the
1984:Cinema
1938:Vienna
1928:Topics
1642:Raetia
1582:on the
1537:German
1426:k.u.k.
1355:German
1335:KĂ©tsas
1319:) and
1283:) and
1219:German
1177:, the
1115:, and
1086:Russia
961:Poland
523:
481:
439:
403:Muslim
397:Jewish
377:76.6%
329:Slovak
309:Polish
276:German
264:Vienna
237:Vienna
222:(1908)
205:
203:
195:
193:
185:
183:
129:
58:
46:German
42:
18531:Index
18485:Sport
18475:Names
18470:Music
18465:Media
18430:Dance
18346:Women
18257:Crime
18154:Banks
17975:Lakes
17626:Malta
17616:Kenya
17591:India
17581:Ghana
17408:Savoy
17398:Samos
17313:Italy
17160:Yemen
17135:Tibet
17130:Syria
17083:Nepal
17058:Mahra
17038:Kumul
17033:Korea
17028:Khiva
17007:Qajar
16991:Hejaz
16981:China
16966:Burma
16895:Haiti
16885:Aztec
16802:Mwali
16792:Maore
16772:Libya
16767:Kongo
16762:Kaffa
16757:Gumma
16752:Gomma
16747:Ghana
16737:Egypt
16717:Bornu
16702:Aussa
16563:Tonga
16535:Spain
16455:Qatar
16430:Japan
16053:Index
16027:Sport
16012:Music
16002:Media
15949:Women
15899:Crime
15679:Lakes
15486:Celts
15354:Lists
15309:Omani
15279:Dutch
15185:Isaaq
15136:Saadi
15104:Oirat
15087:First
15055:Qajar
14984:First
14967:First
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