4600:. Since the Poles were at first unyielding, Ruthenian demonstrations and strikes of students arose, and the Ruthenians were no longer content with the reversion of a few separate professorial chairs, and with parallel courses of lectures. By a pact concluded on 28 January 1914 the Poles promised a Ruthenian university; but owing to the war the question lapsed. The Italians could hardly claim a university of their own on grounds of population (in 1910 they numbered 783,000), but they claimed it all the more on grounds of their ancient culture. All parties were agreed that an Italian faculty of laws should be created; the difficulty lay in the choice of the place. The Italians demanded Trieste; but the Government was afraid to let this Adriatic port become the centre of an irredenta; moreover the Southern Slavs of the city wished it kept free from an Italian educational establishment. Bienerth in 1910 brought about a compromise; namely, that it should be founded at once, the situation to be provisionally in Vienna, and to be transferred within four years to Italian national territory. The German National Union (Nationalverband) agreed to extend temporary hospitality to the Italian university in Vienna, but the Southern Slav Hochschule Club demanded a guarantee that a later transfer to the coast provinces should not be contemplated, together with the simultaneous foundation of Slovene professorial chairs in Prague and Cracow, and preliminary steps towards the foundation of a Southern Slav university in Laibach. But in spite of the constant renewal of negotiations for a compromise it was impossible to arrive at any agreement, until the outbreak of war left all the projects for a Ruthenian university at Lemberg, a Slovene one in Laibach, and a second Czech one in Moravia, unrealized.
4628:
after a half millennium in 1912. They had four faculties: theology, law, philosophy and medicine (the university at Zagreb was without a faculty of medicine). There were in addition ten high schools of law, called academies, which in 1900 were attended by 1,569 pupils. The
Polytechnicum in Budapest, founded in 1844, which contained four faculties and was attended in 1900 by 1,772 pupils, was also considered a high school. There were in Hungary in 1900 forty-nine theological colleges, twenty-nine Catholic, five Greek Uniat, four Greek Orthodox, ten Protestant and one Jewish. Among special schools the principal mining schools were at SelmeczbĂĄnya, NagyĂĄg and FelsĆbĂĄnya; the principal agricultural colleges at Debreczen and KolozsvĂĄr; and there was a school of forestry at SelmeczbĂĄnya, military colleges at Budapest, Kassa, DĂ©va and Zagreb, and a naval school at Fiume. There were in addition a number of training institutes for teachers and a large number of schools of commerce, several art schools â for design, painting, sculpture, and music.
189:
3351:
Meanwhile, economic conditions on the homefront deteriorated rapidly. The Empire depended on agriculture, and agriculture depended on the heavy labor of millions of men who were now in the Army. Food production fell, the transportation system became overcrowded, and industrial production could not successfully handle the overwhelming need for munitions. Germany provided a great deal of help, but it was not enough. Furthermore, the political instability of the multiple ethnic groups of Empire now ripped apart any hope for national consensus in support of the war. Increasingly there was a demand for breaking up the Empire and setting up autonomous national states based on historic language-based cultures. The new
Emperor sought peace terms from the Allies, but his initiatives were vetoed by Italy.
4765:(Bank of issue) was founded as Austrian National Bank in 1816. In 1878, it transformed into Austro-Hungarian National Bank with principal offices in both Vienna and Budapest. The central bank was governed by alternating Austrian or Hungarian governors and vice-governors. Austria-Hungary also became the world's third-largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances, electric industrial appliances, and power generation apparatus for power plants, after the United States and the German Empire, and it constructed Europe's second-largest railway network, after the German Empire. In 2000, a study estimated that GDP in constant national prices in 1913 was 19,140.8 million for Cisleithania and 10,971.6 million for Transleithania, a combined 30,112.4 million
4785:
considerably, as sustained modernization had begun much later. Like the German Empire, that of
AustriaâHungary frequently employed liberal economic policies and practices. In 1873, the old Hungarian capital Buda and Ăbuda (Ancient Buda) were officially merged with the third city, Pest, thus creating the new metropolis of Budapest. The dynamic Pest grew into Hungary's administrative, political, economic, trade and cultural hub. Many of the state institutions and the modern administrative system of Hungary were established during this period. Economic growth centered on Vienna and Budapest, the Austrian lands (areas of modern Austria), the Alpine region and the Bohemian lands. In the later years of the 19th century, rapid economic growth spread to the central
4421:. Jews accounted for 54% of commercial business owners, 85% of financial institution directors and owners in banking, and 62% of all employees in commerce, 20% of all general grammar school students, and 37% of all commercial scientific grammar school students, 31.9% of all engineering students, and 34.1% of all students in human faculties of the universities. Jews accounted for 48.5% of all physicians, and 49.4% of all lawyers/jurists in Hungary. Note: The numbers of Jews were reconstructed from religious censuses. They did not include the people of Jewish origin who had converted to Christianity, or the number of atheists. Among many Hungarian parliament members of Jewish origin, the most famous Jewish members in Hungarian political life were
5262:
4417:. Of the pre-World War I military forces of the major European powers, the Austro-Hungarian army was almost alone in its regular promotion of Jews to positions of command. While the Jewish population of the lands of the Dual Monarchy was about 5%, Jews made up nearly 18% of the reserve officer corps. Thanks to the modernity of the constitution and to the benevolence of emperor Franz Joseph, the Austrian Jews came to regard the era of AustriaâHungary as a golden era of their history. By 1910 about 900,000 religious Jews made up approximately 5% of the population of Hungary and about 23% of Budapest's citizenry. In the Austro-Hungarian Empire the generally fiercely patriotic Hungarian Jews were securing the tenuous Hungarian majority in the
3311:
4937:. In 1890 most large Hungarian private railway companies were nationalized as a consequence of the poor management of private companies, except the strong Austrian-owned Kaschau-Oderberg Railway (KsOd) and the Austrian-Hungarian Southern Railway (SB/DV). They also joined the zone tariff system of the MĂV (Hungarian State Railways). By 1910, the total length of the rail networks of Hungarian Kingdom reached 22,869 kilometres (14,210 miles), the Hungarian network linked more than 1,490 settlements. Nearly half (52%) of the empire's railways were built in Hungary, thus the railroad density there became higher than that of Cisleithania. This has ranked Hungarian railways the 6th most dense in the world (ahead of Germany and France).
5155:
2090:
3221:
4023:
4874:
widespread in post offices and railway stations. AustriaâHungary had 568 million telephone calls in 1913; only two
Western European countries had more phone calls: the German Empire and the United Kingdom. The Austro-Hungarian Empire was followed by France with 396 million telephone calls and Italy with 230 million phone calls. In 1916, there were 366 million telephone calls in Cisleithania, among them 8.4 million long distant calls. All telephone exchanges of the cities, towns and larger villages in Transleithania were linked until 1893. By 1914, more than 2000 settlements had telephone exchange in Kingdom of Hungary.
4624:. None of these medieval universities survived the Ottoman wars. Nagyszombat University was founded in 1635 and moved to Buda in 1777 and it is called Eötvös LorĂĄnd University today. The world's first institute of technology was founded in SelmecbĂĄnya, Kingdom of Hungary (since 1920 BanskĂĄ Ć tiavnica, now Slovakia) in 1735. Its legal successor is the University of Miskolc in Hungary. The Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME) is considered the oldest institute of technology in the world with university rank and structure. Its legal predecessor the Institutum Geometrico-Hydrotechnicum was founded in 1782 by Emperor Joseph II.
4883:
93:
3757:
13340:
3426:
1006:
5329:
on by the
Austrian and Hungarian parliaments and was generally determined on the basis of the population, according to the last census returns. It amounted in 1905 to 103,100 men, of which Austria furnished 59,211 men, and Hungary 43,889. Besides 10,000 men were annually allotted to the Austrian Landwehr, and 12,500 to the Hungarian Honved. The term of service was two years (three years in the cavalry) with the colours, seven or eight in the reserve and two in the Landwehr; in the case of men not drafted to the active army the same total period of service was spent in various special reserves.
992:
932:
5572:
3179:
918:
3774:
the army had become commonplace. As the war went on, the ethnic unity declined; the Allies encouraged breakaway demands from minorities and the Empire faced disintegration. With apparent Allied victory approaching, nationalist movements seized ethnic resentment to erode social unity. The military breakdown of the
Italian front marked the start of the rebellion for the numerous ethnicities who made up the multiethnic Empire, as they refused to keep on fighting for a cause that now appeared senseless. The Emperor had lost much of his power to rule, as his realm disintegrated.
978:
1034:
4557:
176:
5276:
prompted the development of the
Austrian merchant marine. By 1913, the commercial marine of Austria, comprised 16,764 vessels with a tonnage of 471,252, and crews number-ing 45,567. Of the total (1913) 394 of 422,368 tons were steamers, and 16,370 of 48,884 tons were sailing vessels The Austrian Lloyd was one of the biggest ocean shipping companies of the time. Prior to the beginning of World War I, the company owned 65 middle-sized and large steamers. The Austro-Americana owned one third of this number, including the biggest Austrian passenger ship, the SS
4334:
3861:
4353:
1611:
4609:
875:
13349:
5509:
3838:, concluded that Karl's position was untenable. Lammasch persuaded Karl that the best course was to relinquish, at least temporarily, his right to exercise sovereign authority. On 11 November, Karl issued a carefully worded proclamation in which he recognized the Austrian people's right to determine the form of the state and "relinquish(ed) every participation" in Austrian state affairs. On the day after he announced his withdrawal from Austrian politics, the German-Austrian National Council proclaimed the
4913:
4726:
3869:
1213:
5726:
3399:. The invasion of Serbia in 1914 was a disaster: by the end of the year, the Austro-Hungarian Army had taken no territory, but had lost 227,000 out of a total force of 450,000 men. However, in the autumn of 1915, the Serbian Army was defeated by the Central Powers, which led to the occupation of Serbia. Near the end of 1915, in a massive rescue operation involving more than 1,000 trips made by Italian, French and British steamers, 260,000 Serb surviving soldiers were transported to
5250:
4031:
3049:
Bosnia and
Herzegovina, a predominantly Slavic area. Austria occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina as a way of gaining power in the Balkans. Serbia, Montenegro and Romania became fully independent. Nonetheless, the Balkans remained a site of political unrest with teeming ambition for independence and great power rivalries. At the Congress of Berlin in 1878 Gyula AndrĂĄssy (Minister of Foreign Affairs) managed to force Russia to retreat from further demands in the Balkans. As a result,
3710:
3327:
removed the pro-German officials and opened peace overtures to the Allies, whereby the entire war could be ended by compromise, or perhaps
Austria would make a separate peace from Germany. The main effort was vetoed by Italy, which had been promised large slices of Austria for joining the Allies in 1915. Austria was only willing to turn over the Trentino region but nothing more. Karl was seen as a defeatist, which weakened his standing at home and with both the Allies and
3233:
2993:
13357:
3546:
5359:
2798:
2023:
10300:
4039:
1020:
964:
5493:
4455:
3465:, recognizing the numerical inferiority of the Austro-Hungarian army. By the end of September 1916, AustriaâHungary mobilized and concentrated new divisions, and the successful Russian advance was halted and slowly repelled; but the Austrian armies took heavy losses (about 1 million men) and never recovered. Nevertheless, the huge losses in men and material inflicted on the Russians during the offensive contributed greatly to the
3132:
Bulgarians, who turned instead to Russia and Serbia. Although
Austria had no intention to embark on additional expansion to the south, Aehrenthal encouraged speculation to that effect, expecting that it would paralyze the Balkan states. Instead, it incited them to feverish activity to create a defensive block to stop Austria. A series of grave miscalculations at the highest level thus significantly strengthened Austria's enemies.
8475:"The kingdom of Hungary desired equal status with the Austrian empire, which was weakened by its defeat in the German (Austro-Prussian) War of 1866. The Austrian emperor Francis Joseph gave Hungary full internal autonomy, together with a responsible ministry, and in return it agreed that the empire should still be a single great state for purposes of war and foreign affairs, thus maintaining its dynastic prestige abroad."
2924:
3407:, where they waited for the chance of the victory of Allied Powers to reclaim their country. Corfu hosted the Serbian government in exile after the collapse of Serbia and served as a supply base to the Greek front. In April 1916 a large number of Serbian troops were transported in British and French naval vessels from Corfu to mainland Greece. The contingent numbering over 120,000 relieved a much smaller army at the
4118:
1130:. Following the 1867 reforms, the Austrian and Hungarian states were co-equal in power. The two countries conducted unified diplomatic and defence policies. For these purposes, "common" ministries of foreign affairs and defence were maintained under the monarch's direct authority, as was a third finance ministry responsible only for financing the two "common" portfolios. A third component of the union was the
4714:
2970:
Slavs and Orthodox Christians. Austria envisioned a multi-ethnic, religiously diverse empire under Vienna's control. Count Gyula AndrĂĄssy, a Hungarian who was Foreign Minister (1871â1879), made the centerpiece of his policy one of opposition to Russian expansion in the Balkans and blocking Serbian ambitions to dominate a new South Slav federation. He wanted Germany to ally with Austria, not Russia.]
5407:(between the victors and Hungary) regulated the new borders of Austria and Hungary, reducing them to small-sized and landlocked states. In regard to areas without a decisive national majority, the Entente powers ruled in many cases in favour of the newly emancipated independent nation-states, enabling them to claim vast territories containing sizeable German- and Hungarian-speaking populations. The
4314:, a small ethnic group composed by around 2,600 people in the 1880s, suffered severe discrimination. The Croats of the region, who formed the majority, tried to assimilate them, while the Italian minority supported them in their requests for self-determination. In 1888, the possibility of opening the first school for the Istro-Romanians teaching in the Romanian language was discussed in the
11118:
3381:" of army deserters formed armed bands in the hills of Croatia-Slavonia and civil authority disintegrated. By late October violence and massive looting erupted and there were efforts to form peasant republics. However, the Croatian political leadership was focused on creating a new state (Yugoslavia) and worked with the advancing Serbian army to impose control and end the uprisings.
3730:, had decisive influence over the internal and external affairs of the monarchy. By late 1916, food supply from Hungary became intermittent and the government sought an armistice with the Entente powers. However, this failed as Britain and France no longer had any regard for the integrity of the monarchy because of Austro-Hungarian support for Germany.
4090:
deputies demanded it). Beginning with the 1879 Primary Education Act and the 1883 Secondary Education Act, the Hungarian state made more efforts to reduce the use of non-Magyar languages, in strong violation of the 1868 Nationalities Law. After 1875, all Slovak language schools higher than elementary were closed, including the only three high schools
4596:
Bohemia and Moravia a separation into German and Czech ones. Thus Germans, Czechs and Poles were provided for. But now the smaller nations also made their voices heard: the Ruthenians, Slovenes and Italians. The Ruthenians demanded at first, in view of the predominantly Ruthenian character of rural East Galicia, a national partition of the Polish
5169:(originally the "Franz Joseph Underground Electric Railway Company") is the second oldest underground railway in the world (the first being the London Underground's Metropolitan Line and the third being Glasgow), and the first on the European mainland. It was built from 1894 to 1896 and opened on 2 May 1896. In 2002, it was listed as a
160:
5287:, today part of Croatia), where the Hungarian shipping companies, such as the Adria, operated. The commercial marine of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1913 comprised 545 vessels of 144,433 tons, and crews numbering 3,217. Of the total number of vessels 134,000 of 142,539 tons were steamers, and 411 of 1,894 tons were sailing vessels.
3973:
of 1867, in which common expenditures were allocated 70% to Austria and 30% to Hungary. This division had to be renegotiated every ten years. There was political turmoil during the build-up to each renewal of the agreement. By 1907, the Hungarian share had risen to 36.4%. The disputes culminated in the early 1900s in a prolonged
5280:. In comparison to the Austrian Lloyd, the Austro-American concentrated on destinations in North and South America. The Austro-Hungarian Navy became much more significant than previously, as industrialization provided sufficient revenues to develop it. Pola (Pula, today part of Croatia) was especially significant for the navy.
4054:
the Habsburg Dynasty in 1867, one of the first acts of its restored Parliament was to pass a Law on Nationalities (Act Number XLIV of 1868). It was a liberal piece of legislation and offered extensive language and cultural rights. It did not recognize non-Hungarians to have rights to form states with any territorial autonomy.
159:
4894:(Telephone Herald) news and entertainment service was introduced in Budapest in 1893. Two decades before the introduction of radio broadcasting, people could listen to political, economic and sports news, cabaret, music and opera in Budapest daily. It operated over a special type of telephone exchange system.
163:
162:
161:
164:
4203:, the Austrians responded to Hungarian support of Czechs by supporting the Croatian national movement in Zagreb. In recognition that he reigned in a multi-ethnic country, Emperor Franz Joseph spoke (and used) German, Hungarian and Czech fluently, and Croatian, Serbian, Polish and Italian to some degree.
3054:
Mediterranean Entente, with Britain and Italy in 1887 and concluded mutual defence pacts with Germany in 1879 and Romania in 1883 against a possible Russian attack. Following the Congress of Berlin the European powers attempted to guarantee stability through a complex series of alliances and treaties.
5332:
The common minister of war was the head for the administration of all military affairs, except those of the Austrian Landwehr and of the Hungarian Honved, which were committed to the ministries for national defence of the two respective states. But the supreme command of the army was nominally vested
5328:
or levy-en masse. As stated above, the common army stood under the administration of the joint minister of war, while the special armies were under the administration of the respective ministries of national defence. The yearly contingent of recruits for the army was fixed by the military bills voted
4081:
The implementation of this principle led to several disputes, as it was not clear which languages could be regarded as "customary". The Germans, the traditional bureaucratic, capitalist and cultural elite, demanded the recognition of their language as a customary language in every part of the empire.
3805:
During the Italian battles, the Czechoslovaks and Southern Slavs declared their independence. With defeat in the war imminent after the Italian offensive in the Battle of Vittorio Veneto on 24 October, Czech politicians peacefully took over command in Prague on 28 October (later declared the birth of
3738:
The setbacks that the Austrian army suffered in 1914 and 1915 can be attributed to a large extent by the incompetence of the Austrian high command. After attacking Serbia, its forces soon had to be withdrawn to protect its eastern frontier against Russia's invasion, while German units were engaged in
3460:
started as a minor German offensive to relieve the pressure of the Russian numerical superiority on the Austro-Hungarians, but the cooperation of the Central Powers resulted in huge Russian losses and the total collapse of the Russian lines and their 100 km (62 mi) long retreat into Russia.
3369:
On the home front, food grew scarcer and scarcer, as did heating fuel. Hungary, with its heavy agricultural base, was somewhat better fed. The Army conquered productive agricultural areas in Romania and elsewhere, but refused to allow food shipments to civilians back home. Morale fell every year, and
3210:
referred to the violence as the "Sarajevo frenzy of hate." Violent actions against ethnic Serbs were organized not only in Sarajevo but also in many other larger Austro-Hungarian cities in modern-day Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Austro-Hungarian authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina imprisoned
3112:
A proclamation issued on the occasion of its annexation to the Habsburg monarchy in October 1908 promised these lands constitutional institutions, which should secure to their inhabitants full civil rights and a share in the management of their own affairs by means of a local representative assembly.
2843:
of 1526, the Habsburg Empire became more involved in the Kingdom of Hungary, and subsequently assumed the Hungarian throne. However, as the Ottomans expanded further into Hungary, the Habsburgs came to control only a small north-western portion of the former kingdom's territory. Eventually, following
4924:
only Germany had more extended railway network (63,378 km, 39,381 mi); the Austro-Hungarian Empire was followed by France (40,770 km, 25,330 mi), the United Kingdom (32,623 km, 20,271 mi), Italy (18,873 km, 11,727 mi) and Spain (15,088 km, 9,375 mi).
2969:
After being forced out of Germany and Italy, the Dual Monarchy turned to the Balkans, which were in tumult as nationalistic movements were gaining strength and demanding independence. Both Russia and AustriaâHungary saw an opportunity to expand in this region. Russia took on the role of protector of
5275:
The most important seaport was Trieste (today part of Italy), where the Austrian merchant marine was based. Two major shipping companies (Austrian Lloyd and Austro-Americana) and several shipyards were located there. From 1815 to 1866, Venice had been part of the Habsburg empire. The loss of Venice
4873:
was opened in Zagreb (8 January 1881), the second was in Budapest (1 May 1881), and the third was opened in Vienna (3 June 1881). Initially telephony was available in the homes of individual subscribers, companies and offices. Public telephone stations appeared in the 1890s, and they quickly became
4784:
per capita grew roughly 1.76% per year from 1870 to 1913. That level of growth compared very favorably to that of other European nations such as Britain (1%), France (1.06%), and Germany (1.51%). However, in a comparison with Germany and Britain, the Austro-Hungarian economy as a whole still lagged
4627:
The high schools included the universities, of which Hungary possessed five, all maintained by the state: at Budapest (founded in 1635), at KolozsvĂĄr (founded in 1872), and at Zagreb (founded in 1874). Newer universities were established in Debrecen in 1912, and Pozsony university was reestablished
4210:
had lived primarily in Bohemia since the 6th century and German immigrants had begun settling the Bohemian periphery in the 13th century. The constitution of 1627 made the German language a second official language and equal to Czech. German speakers lost their majority in the Bohemian Diet in 1880
4053:
In July 1849, the Hungarian Revolutionary Parliament proclaimed and enacted ethnic and minority rights (the next such laws were in Switzerland), but these were overturned after the Russian and Austrian armies crushed the Hungarian Revolution. After the Kingdom of Hungary reached the Compromise with
3972:
Relations during the half-century after 1867 between the two parts of the dual monarchy featured repeated disputes over shared external tariff arrangements and over the financial contribution of each government to the common treasury. These matters were determined by the Austro-Hungarian Compromise
3747:
favorably; on the other hand, by 1916 the general belief in Germany was that Germany, in its alliance with AustriaâHungary, was "shackled to a corpse". The operational capability of the Austro-Hungarian army was seriously affected by supply shortages, low morale and a high casualty rate, and by the
3024:
organizations sent aid to the Balkan rebels and so pressured the tsar's government to declare war on the Ottoman Empire in 1877 in the name of protecting Orthodox Christians. Unable to mediate between the Ottoman Empire and Russia over the control of Serbia, AustriaâHungary declared neutrality when
5309:(1817â1895), an old-fashioned bureaucrat who opposed modernization. The military system of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy was similar in both states, and rested since 1868 upon the principle of the universal and personal obligation of the citizen to bear arms. Its military force was composed of the
5240:
After several small-scale attempts, Istvån Széchenyi organised the "regulation of the Tisza" (Hungarian: a Tisza szabålyozåsa) which started on 27 August 1846, and substantially ended in 1880. The new length of the river in Hungary was 966 km (600 mi) (1,358 km (844 mi) total),
4595:
The higher educational institutions were predominantly German, but beginning in the 1870s, language shifts began to occur. These establishments, which in the middle of the 19th century had had a predominantly German character, underwent in Galicia a conversion into Polish national institutions, in
3773:
By 1918, the economic situation had deteriorated and governmental failure on the homefront ended popular support for the war. The Austro-Hungarian monarchy collapsed with dramatic speed in the autumn of 1918. Leftist and pacifist political movements organized strikes in factories, and uprisings in
3365:
The heavily rural Empire did have a small industrial base, but its major contribution was manpower and food. Nevertheless, AustriaâHungary was more urbanized (25%) than its actual opponents in the First World War, like the Russian Empire (13.4%), Serbia (13.2%) or Romania (18.8%). Furthermore, the
5467:", which both dethroned the Habsburgs and banished all Habsburgs from Austrian territory. While Karl was banned from ever returning to Austria again, other Habsburgs could return if they gave up all claims to the defunct throne. In March and again in October 1921, ill-prepared attempts by Karl to
4789:
and to the Carpathian lands. As a result, wide disparities of development existed within the empire. In general, the western areas became more developed than the eastern ones. The Kingdom of Hungary became the world's second-largest flour exporter after the United States. The large Hungarian food
4277:
Hungary's leaders were generally less willing than their Austrian counterparts to share power with their subject minorities, but they granted a large measure of autonomy to Croatia in 1868. To some extent, they modeled their relationship to that kingdom on their own compromise with Austria of the
3326:
The Austro-Hungarian Empire played a relatively passive diplomatic role in the war, as it was increasingly dominated and controlled by Germany. The only goal was to punish Serbia and try to stop the ethnic breakup of the Empire, and it completely failed. Starting in late 1916 the new Emperor Karl
5236:
river in Hungary used to be 1,419 kilometres (882 miles). It flowed through the Great Hungarian Plain, which is one of the largest flat areas in central Europe. Since plains can cause a river to flow very slowly, the Tisza used to follow a path with many curves and turns, which led to many large
4089:
The Hungarian Minority Act of 1868 gave the minorities (Slovaks, Romanians, Serbs, et al.) individual (but not also communal) rights to use their language in offices, schools (although in practice often only in those founded by them and not by the state), courts and municipalities (if 20% of the
3721:
Although the Kingdom of Hungary comprised only 42% of the population of AustriaâHungary, the thin majority â more than 3.8 million soldiers â of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces were conscripted from the Kingdom of Hungary during the First World War. Roughly 600,000 soldiers were killed in
3350:
as Supreme Army Commander (Armeeoberkommandant), but asked him to give Von Hötzendorf freedom to take any decisions. Von Hötzendorf remained in effective command of the military forces until Emperor Karl I took the supreme command himself in late 1916 and dismissed Conrad von Hötzendorf in 1917.
3287:
Over the course of July and August 1914, these events caused the start of World War I, as Russia mobilized in support of Serbia, setting off a series of counter-mobilizations. In support of his German ally, on Thursday, 6 August 1914, Emperor Franz Joseph signed the declaration of war on Russia.
3048:
The Congress of Berlin rolled back the Russian victory by partitioning the large Bulgarian state that Russia had carved out of Ottoman territory and denying any part of Bulgaria full independence from the Ottomans. The Congress of Berlin in 1878 let Austria occupy (but not annex) the province of
5411:
lost roughly 60% of the old Austrian Empire's territory. It also had to drop its plans for union with Germany, as it was not allowed to unite with Germany without League approval. Hungary, however, was severely disrupted by the loss of 72% of its territory, 64% of its population and most of its
3829:
on 31 October. Charles was all but forced to appoint KĂĄrolyi as his Hungarian prime minister. One of KĂĄrolyi's first acts was to formally repudiate the compromise agreement on 31 October, effectively terminating the personal union with Austria and thus officially dissolving the Austro-Hungarian
3742:
In the last two years of the war the Austro-Hungarian armed forces lost all ability to act independently of Germany. As of 7 September 1916, the German emperor was given full control of all the armed forces of the Central Powers and Austria-Hungary effectively became a satellite of Germany. The
3739:
fighting on the Western Front. This resulted in a greater than expected loss of men in the invasion of Serbia. Furthermore, it became evident that the Austrian high command had had no plans for possible continental war and that the army and navy were also ill-equipped to handle such a conflict.
3676:
crossed the borders of Eastern Hungary (Transylvania), and despite initial successes, by November 1916, the Central Powers formed by the Austro-Hungarian, German, Bulgarian, and Ottoman armies, had defeated the Romanian and Russian armies of the Entente Powers, and occupied the southern part of
3131:
Aehrenthal had started with the assumption that the Slavic minorities could never come together, and the Balkan League would never cause any damage to Austria. He turned down an Ottoman proposal for an alliance that would include Austria, Turkey, and Romania. However, his policies alienated the
4109:
Language was, as a proxy for ethnicity, one of the most contentious issues in Austro-Hungarian politics. All governments faced difficult and divisive hurdles in deciding on the languages of government and of instruction. The minorities sought the widest opportunities for education in their own
3373:
Inflation soared, from an index of 129 in 1914 to 1589 in 1918, wiping out the cash savings of the middle-class. In terms of war damage to the economy, the war used up about 20 percent of the GDP. The dead soldiers amounted to about four percent of the 1914 labor force, and the wounded ones to
3053:
was broken up and Serbian independence was guaranteed. In that year, with Britain's support, AustriaâHungary stationed troops in Bosnia to prevent the Russians from expanding into nearby Serbia. In another measure to keep the Russians out of the Balkans, AustriaâHungary formed an alliance, the
4860:
Austria subsequently joined a telegraph union with German states. In the Kingdom of Hungary, 2,406 telegraph post offices operated in 1884. By 1914 the number of telegraph offices reached 3,000 in post offices and further 2,400 were installed in the railway stations of the Kingdom of Hungary.
4975:
appeared in the first half of the 19th century. Between the 1850s and 1880s many were built : Vienna (1865), Budapest (1866), Brno (1869), Trieste (1876). Steam trams appeared in the late 1860s. The electrification of tramways started in the late 1880s. The first electrified tramway in
3565:
In May 1915, Italy attacked AustriaâHungary. Italy was the only military opponent of AustriaâHungary which had a similar degree of industrialization and economic level; moreover, her army was numerous (â1,000,000 men were immediately fielded), but suffered from poor leadership, training and
4790:
exports were not limited to neighbouring Germany and Italy: Hungary became the most important foreign food supplier of the large cities and industrial centres of the United Kingdom. Galicia, which has been described as the poorest province of Austro-Hungary, experienced near-constant
5220:, Hungary's "Iron Minister", succeeded in financing this project. The riverbed rocks and the associated rapids made the gorge valley an infamous passage for shipping. In German, the passage is still known as the Kataraktenstrecke, even though the cataracts are gone. Near the actual "
3128:. Both were motivated by political ambition; the first would emerge successful, and the latter would be broken by the crisis. Along the way, they would drag Europe to the brink of war in 1909. They would also divide Europe into the two armed camps that would go to war in July 1914.
9527:
3918:, foreign policy and the imperial household, and the customs union. Although the two halves shared a common monarch and both foreign relations and defense were managed jointly, all other state functions were to be handled separately as there was no common citizenship.
3461:
The Russian Third Army perished. In summer 1915, the Austro-Hungarian Army, under a unified command with the Germans, participated in the successful GorliceâTarnĂłw Offensive. From June 1916, the Russians focused their attacks on the Austro-Hungarian army in the
5241:
with 589 km (366 mi) of "dead channels" and 136 km (85 mi) of new riverbed. The resultant length of the flood-protected river comprises 2,940 km (1,830 mi) (out of 4,220 km (2,620 mi) of all Hungarian protected rivers).
5180:
Milestone due to the radically new innovations in its era: "Among the railway's innovative elements were bidirectional tram cars; electric lighting in the subway stations and tram cars; and an overhead wire structure instead of a third-rail system for power".
3903:
The government of Austria, which had ruled the monarchy until 1867, became the government of the Austrian part, and another government was formed for the Hungarian part. The common government (officially designated Ministerial Council for Common Affairs, or
3725:
AustriaâHungary held on for years, as the Hungarian half provided sufficient supplies for the military to continue to wage war. This was shown in a transition of power after which the Hungarian prime minister, Count IstvĂĄn Tisza, and foreign minister, Count
3036:
This treaty sparked an international uproar that almost resulted in a general European war. AustriaâHungary and Britain feared that a large Bulgaria would become a Russian satellite that would enable the tsar to dominate the Balkans. British prime minister
3785:
and two days later Emperor Karl I issued a proclamation ("Imperial Manifesto of 16 October 1918") altering the empire into a federal union to give ethnic groups decentralization and representation. However, on 18 October, United States Secretary of State
2910:
started to negotiate the new laws to be accepted on 30 March. However, Hungarian leaders received word that the Emperor's formal coronation as King of Hungary on 8 June had to have taken place in order for the laws to be enacted within the lands of the
7287:
He was photographed on the way to the station and the photograph has been reproduced many times in books and articles, claiming to depict the arrest of Gavrilo Princip. But there is no photograph of Gavro's arrest â this photograph shows the arrest of
7499:
Ladislaus Count von SzögyĂ©ny-Marich (Berlin) to Leopold Count von Berchtold (5 July 1914), in Ludwig Bittner, et al., eds., Ăsterreich-Ungarns Aussenpolitik von der Bosnischen Krise 1908 bis zum Kriegsausbruch 1914 . 8 vols, Vienna, 1930, vol. 8, no.
4819:, led to an even more rapid economic growth throughout AustriaâHungary by the early 20th century. However, since the turn of the twentieth century, the Austrian half of the Monarchy could preserve its dominance within the empire in the sectors of the
3833:
By the end of October, there was nothing left of the Habsburg realm but its majority-German Danubian and Alpine provinces, and Karl's authority was being challenged even there by the German-Austrian state council. Karl's last Austrian prime minister,
4071:") in school, office and public life, is recognized by the state. In those territories in which several races dwell, the public and educational institutions are to be so arranged that, without applying compulsion to learn a second country language ("
3096:
rather than attaching it to either territorial government. The annexation in 1908 led some in Vienna to contemplate combining Bosnia and Herzegovina with Croatia to form a third Slavic component of the monarchy. The deaths of Franz Joseph's brother,
5475:, refused his cooperation. Soon afterward, the Hungarian government nullified the Pragmatic Sanction, effectively dethroning the Habsburgs. Subsequently, the British took custody of Karl and removed him and his family to the Portuguese island of
6316:
is not firmly defined, and depending on the interpretation, some territories may be included or excluded from it; this holds for parts of AustriaâHungary as well, although the historical interpretation clearly places the monarchy in Central
9852:
Tramways in Poland (including Galicia), Book: Arkadiusz KoĆoĆ, Uniwersytet JagielloĆski. Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej: RozwĂłj przestrzenny a wspĂłĆczesne funkcjonowanie miejskiego transportu szynowego w Polsce (page:
3284:, expecting Serbia would never accept. When Serbia accepted nine of the ten demands but only partially accepted the remaining one, AustriaâHungary declared war. Franz Joseph I finally followed the urgent counsel of his top advisers.
157:
11643:
5829:
The following present-day countries and parts of countries were within the boundaries of AustriaâHungary when the empire was dissolved. Some other provinces of Europe had been part of the Habsburg monarchy at one time before 1867.
3641:
was formed. Italy also enjoyed support by the Entente powers: by 1918, large amounts of war materials and a few auxiliary American, British, and French divisions arrived in the Italian battle zone. Cadorna was replaced by General
4810:
became predominant within the empire and made up a large proportion of the export to the rest of Europe. Meanwhile, western areas, concentrated mainly around Prague and Vienna, excelled in various manufacturing industries. This
158:
3345:
The Austro-Hungarian Empire conscripted 7.8 million soldiers during WWI. General von Hötzendorf was the Chief of the Austro-Hungarian General Staff. Franz Joseph I, who was much too old to command the army, appointed
3981:
units and deepened by the advent to power in Budapest in April 1906 of a Hungarian nationalist coalition. Provisional renewals of the common arrangements occurred in October 1907 and in November 1917 on the basis of the
4801:
However, by the end of the 19th century, economic differences gradually began to even out as economic growth in the eastern parts of the monarchy consistently surpassed that in the western. The strong agriculture and
3701:. In 1917, after several defensive victories (managing to stop the German-Austro-Hungarian advance), with Russia's withdrawal from the war following the October Revolution, Romania was forced to drop out of the war.
3198:, excessively intensified the existing traditional religion-based ethnic hostilities in Bosnia. However, in Sarajevo itself, Austrian authorities encouraged violence against the Serb residents, which resulted in the
12813:
5224:" strait the Prigrada rock was the most important obstacle until 1896: the river widened considerably here and the water level was consequently low. Upstream, the Greben rock near the "Kazan" gorge was notorious.
7390:... Andric describes the "Sarajevo frenzy of hate" that erupted among Muslims, Catholics, and Orthodox believers following the assassination on June 28, 1914, of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo ...
1219:: 5 corona, 1908 â the bust of Franz Joseph I facing right surrounded by the legend "Franciscus Iosephus I, Dei gratia, imperator Austriae, rex Bohemiae, Galiciae, Illyriae et cetera et apostolicus rex Hungariae"
9435:
Commercial Relations of the United States: Reports from the Consuls of the United States on the Commerce, Manufactures, Etc., of Their Consular Districts. Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1881 (page:
3806:
Czechoslovakia) and followed up in other major cities in the next few days. On 30 October, the Slovaks did the same. On 29 October, the Slavs in both portions of what remained of AustriaâHungary proclaimed the
3271:
His Majesty authorized me to report to that in this case, too, we could count on Germany's full support. As mentioned, he first had to consult with the Chancellor, but he did not have the slightest doubt that
2895:(of which the Habsburg emperor was the hereditary president) and the exclusion of Austria from German affairs. These twin defeats gave the Hungarians the opportunity to remove the shackles of absolutist rule.
5257:(12,567 t) of the Austro-Americana company was the largest passenger ship ever built in Austria. Because of its control over the coast of much of the Balkans, AustriaâHungary had access to several seaports.
9808:
IstvĂĄn Tisza and LĂĄszlĂł KovĂĄcs: A magyar ĂĄllami, magĂĄn- Ă©s helyiĂ©rdekƱ vasĂșttĂĄrsasĂĄgok fejlĆdĂ©se 1876â1900 között, Magyar VasĂșttörtĂ©net 2. kötet. Budapest: KözlekedĂ©si DokumentĂĄciĂłs Kft., 58â59, 83â84. o.
9390:
Schulze, Max-Stephan. Patterns of growth and stagnation in the late nineteenth century Habsburg economy, pp. 337-338. European Review of Economic History. 2000;4(3):311-340. doi:10.1017/S1361491600000095
2864:
military assistance, and the level of autonomy that the Hungarian state had enjoyed was replaced with absolutist rule from Vienna. This further increased Hungarian resentment of the Habsburg dominion.
7684:
Keleher, Edward P. (1992). "Emperor Karl and the Sixtus Affair: Politico-Nationalist Repercussions in the Reich German and Austro-German Camps, and the Disintegration of Habsburg Austria, 1916â1918".
6285:
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1543:
1336:
1318:
1300:
1282:
1258:
1225:
3280:
The leaders of AustriaâHungary therefore decided to confront Serbia militarily before it could incite a revolt; using the assassination as an excuse, they presented a list of ten demands called the
12828:
12823:
12818:
12808:
11607:
5333:
in the monarch, who had the power to take all measures regarding the whole army. In practice, the emperor's nephew Archduke Albrecht was his chief military advisor and made the policy decisions.
3629:
using new infiltration tactics; although they advanced more than 100 km (62.14 mi) in the direction of Venice and gained considerable supplies, they were halted and could not cross the
9489:
3211:
and extradited approximately 5,500 prominent Serbs, 700 to 2,200 of whom died in prison. Four hundred sixty Serbs were sentenced to death and a predominantly Muslim special militia known as the
12879:
8978:
13015:
13010:
13005:
13000:
12995:
12990:
12985:
12980:
3366:
Austro-Hungarian Empire had also more industrialized economy and higher GDP per capita than the Kingdom of Italy, which was economically the far most developed actual opponent of the Empire.
4114:
gave Czech equal standing with German in the internal government of Bohemia; this led to a crisis because of nationalist German agitation throughout the empire. The Crown dismissed Badeni.
4065:
All races of the empire have equal rights, and every race has an inviolable right to the preservation and use of its own nationality and language. The equality of all customary languages ("
11640:
2898:
Realizing the need to compromise with Hungary in order to retain its great power status, the central government in Vienna began negotiations with the Hungarian political leaders, led by
10000:
4741:
The heavily rural Austro-Hungarian economy slowly modernised after 1867. Railroads opened up once-remote areas, and cities grew. Many small firms promoted capitalist way of production.
5431:, became regent, but was forced to stand down after only two weeks when it became apparent the Allies would not recognise him. Finally, in March 1920, royal powers were entrusted to a
11677:
7659:
5468:
5443:
of the Austro-Hungarian Navy and had helped organize the counter-revolutionary forces. It was this government that signed the Treaty of Trianon under protest on 4 June 1920 at the
7101:
4322:
showed their support, but the Croat ones opposed it and tried to show that the Istro-Romanians were in fact Slavs. During Austro-Hungarian rule, the Istro-Romanians lived under
3794:
had joined the Allies on 14 October. The South Slavs in both halves of the monarchy had already declared in favor of uniting with Serbia in a large South Slav state in the 1917
12173:
11688:
In the Twilight of Empire. Count Alois Lexa von Aehrenthal (1854â1912): Imperial Habsburg Patriot and Statesman. Vol. 2: From Foreign Minister in Waiting to de facto Chancellor
10390:
9399:
Schulze, Max-Stephan. Austria-Hungaryâs economy in World War I, p. 79. In: Broadberry S, Harrison M, eds. The Economics of World War I. Cambridge University Press; 2005:77-111.
4400:
and escalate out of control. The antisemitic parties remained on the periphery of the political sphere due to their low popularity among voters in the parliamentary elections.
7424:
3276:
would fully agree with him, particularly with regard to action on our part against Serbia. In his opinion, though, there was no need to wait patiently before taking action...
7488:... arrested and interned some 5.500 prominent Serbs and sentenced to death some 460 persons, a new Schutzkorps, an auxiliary militia, widened the anti-Serb repression.
92:
6917:
12079:
3512:
ending the World War I, in spite of the previous initial total dependence of the kingdom on its sponsors, it ultimately served against their intentions as the cornerstone
4620:
in PĂ©cs in 1367. Sigismund established a university at Ăbuda in 1395. Another, Universitas Istropolitana, was established 1465 in Pozsony (now Bratislava in Slovakia) by
4827:, in these modern sectors of the second industrial revolution (like machine building industry and electric industry) the Austrian competition could not become dominant.
2928:
12163:
4413:
and rural areas in Hungary and Bohemia; however, they had large communities and even local majorities in the downtown districts of Vienna, Budapest, Prague, KrakĂłw and
950:
904:
529:
3374:
another six percent. Compared all the major countries in the war, the death and casualty rate was toward the high-end regarding the present-day territory of Austria.
12529:
10679:
9923:
9238:
3077:
region was under Austro-Hungarian occupation between 1878 and 1909, when it was returned to the Ottoman Empire, before being ultimately divided between kingdoms of
13583:
10360:
8888:
8633:
17610:
4438:
4206:
The language disputes were most fiercely fought in Bohemia, where the Czech speakers formed a majority and sought equal status for their language to German. The
18663:
12769:
5340:
was mainly a coast defence force, and also included a flotilla of monitors for the Danube. It was administered by the naval department of the ministry of war.
10474:
Virtually the entire population of what remained of Hungary regarded the Treaty of Trianon as manifestly unfair, and agitation for revision began immediately.
8604:
GĂŒnther Kronenbitter: "Krieg im Frieden". Die FĂŒhrung der k.u.k. Armee und die GroĂmachtpolitik Ăsterreich-Ungarns 1906â1914. Verlag Oldenbourg, Munich 2003,
5702:, which had formerly looked to Vienna for protection and whose ruling house held sizable real estate in Cisleithania, formed a customs and defense union with
4278:
previous year. In spite of nominal autonomy, the Croatian government was an economic and administrative part of Hungary, which the Croatians resented. In the
3802:. The Croatians had begun disregarding orders from Budapest earlier in October. Lansing's response was, in effect, the death certificate of AustriaâHungary.
13184:
11836:
5821:
5563:
4434:
3089:
3008:
as early as 1879 and were commended for their bravery in service of the Austrian emperor, being awarded more medals than any other unit. The military march "
2915:. On 28 July, Franz Joseph, in his new capacity as King of Hungary, approved and promulgated the new laws, which officially gave birth to the Dual Monarchy.
143:
11296:
9704:
See the above cited book: Stephen Broadberry and Kevin H. O'Rourke: The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe: Volume 2, 1870 to the Present, page: 80
9146:
6561:
3136:
1832:
487:
11604:
9552:
3041:
moved warships into position against Russia to halt the advance of Russian influence in the eastern Mediterranean so close to Britain's route through the
18653:
18098:
15853:
9817:(1996)(English: The development of Hungarian private and state owned commuter railway companies between 1876 â 1900, Hungarian railway History Volume II.
6210:
3995:
3619:
378:
12052:
HABSBURG is an email discussion list dealing with the culture and history of the Habsburg monarchy and its successor states in central Europe since 1500
9198:
18668:
13498:
11983:
7123:
5813:
5710:â the westernmost province of Austria â voted by a large majority to join Switzerland; however, both the Swiss and the Allies disregarded this result.
5204:
by a canal from Vienna to Trieste. It was born from the desire of AustriaâHungary to have a direct link to the Adriatic Sea but was never constructed.
4168:
The following years saw official recognition of several languages, at least in Austria. Since 1867, laws awarded Croatian equal status with Italian in
3109:, heir to the throne. The Archduke was rumoured to have been an advocate for this trialism as a means to limit the power of the Hungarian aristocracy.
13222:
10312:
8338:
4845:
The first telegraph connection (ViennaâBrnoâPrague) had started operation in 1847. In Hungarian territory the first telegraph stations were opened in
12188:
8458:
1095:
One of Europe's major powers at the time, Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe and the third-most populous (after
11999:
12843:
12072:
8026:
2109:
13329:
8972:
6690:
4191:. This led to the further closing of minority schools, devoted mostly to the Slovak and Rusyn languages. The two kingdoms sometimes divided their
12701:
12193:
12183:
11281:
6098:
4616:
In the year 1276, the university of Veszprém was destroyed by the troops of Péter Csåk and it was never rebuilt. A university was established by
3954:
3689:). Within three months of the war, the Central Powers came near Bucharest, the Romanian capital city. On 6 December, the Central Powers captured
2319:
1139:
1104:
230:
217:
11932:
11181:
6408:
3065:
largely because of Italy's imperial rivalries with France. Tensions between Russia and AustriaâHungary remained high, so Bismarck replaced the
14319:
9992:
9335:
8809:
4920:
By 1913, the combined length of the railway tracks of the Austrian Empire and Kingdom of Hungary reached 43,280 kilometres (26,890 miles). In
4270:). The Romanians and the Serbs began to agitate for union with their fellow nationalists and language speakers in the newly founded states of
12522:
12168:
9783:
3395:
At the start of the war, the army was divided into two: the smaller part attacked Serbia while the larger part fought against the formidable
3148:
1837:
11674:
7628:
3088:
On the heels of the Great Balkan Crisis, Austro-Hungarian forces occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina in August 1878 and the monarchy eventually
18283:
17786:
16658:
16486:
16401:
16140:
9943:
2826:
2574:
2414:
2339:
2051:
9281:
7316:
Following the assassination of Franz Ferdinand in June 1914, Catholic Croats and Muslims in Sarajevo joined forces in an anti-Serb pogrom.
4857:
in 1848. The first telegraph connection between Vienna and PestâBuda (later Budapest) was constructed in 1850, and ViennaâZagreb in 1850.
2962:
of France and Italy for an anti-Prussian alliance, but no terms could be reached. The decisive victory of the Prusso-German armies in the
1069:
between 1867 and 1918. A military and diplomatic alliance, it consisted of two sovereign states with a single monarch who was titled both
13573:
12065:
12030:
Mangham, Arthur Neal. The Social Bases of Austrian Politics: The German Electoral Districts of Cisleithania, 1900â1914. Ph.D. thesis 1974
7940:
6225:
11902:
11575:
Kapp, Richard W. (1984). "Divided Loyalties: The German Reich and AustriaâHungary in Austro-German Discussions of War Aims, 1914â1916".
10321:
10101:
9463:
8094:
The Beginning of Futility: Diplomatic, Political, Military and Naval Events on the Austro-Italian Front in the First World War 1914â1917
7093:
6812:
6748:
6543:
1910. ĂVI NĂPSZĂMLĂLĂS 1. A nĂ©pessĂ©g fĆbb adatai közsĂ©gek Ă©s nĂ©pesebb pusztĂĄk, telepek szerint (1912) | KönyvtĂĄr | Hungaricana
6510:
6381:
4110:
languages, as well as in the "dominant" languagesâHungarian and German. By the "Ordinance of 5 April 1897", the Austrian Prime Minister
13249:
12762:
12018:
7514:
3251:, had wanted to confront the resurgent Serbian nation for some years in a preventive war, but the Emperor and Hungarian prime minister
2849:
2179:
9826:
Tramways in Austria: Book: Buckley, Richard (2000). Tramways and Light Railways of Switzerland and Austria (2nd edition), pp. 129â135
9255:
7433:, p. 485, The Bosnian wartime militia (Schutzkorps), which became known for its persecution of Serbs, was overwhelmingly Muslim..
4368:
Around 1900, Jews numbered about two million in the whole territory of the Austro-Hungarian Empire; their position was ambiguous. The
18673:
13177:
10382:
9652:
7157:
3163:
2983:
2966:
and the subsequent founding of the German Empire ended all hope of re-establishing Austrian influence in Germany, and Beust retired.
2958:, who had repeatedly outmaneuvered him. Beust looked to France for avenging Austria's defeat and attempted to negotiate with Emperor
1903:
10479:
18613:
18061:
17718:
16555:
15462:
12515:
11536:
The Habsburg Empire in World War I: Essays on the Intellectual, Military, Political and Economic Aspects of the Habsburg War Effort
10124:
9871:
Tramways in Croatia: Book: Vlado Puljiz, Gojko BeĆŸovan, Teo MatkoviÄ, dr. Zoran Ć uÄur, SiniĆĄa ZrinĆĄÄak: Socijalna politika Hrvatske
7816:
The Habsburg Empire in World War I: Essays on the Intellectual, Military, Political and Economic Aspects of the Habsburg War Effort
1388:
From 1867 onwards, the abbreviations heading the names of official institutions in AustriaâHungary reflected their responsibility:
18515:
16873:
15719:
13259:
13020:
12853:
12848:
12838:
12833:
12803:
12331:
10150:
8838:
7002:
6909:
6205:
3167:
2554:
13432:
11660:
11386:
Craig, Gordon A. (1965). "The World War I Alliance of the Central Powers in Retrospect: The Military Cohesion of the Alliance".
10412:
9677:
HT Muzej (Croatian Telecom Museum): '125 godina telefonije u Hrvatskoj' (125 years of Telephony in Croatia), Zagreb 2006., P.-2,
8666:"Staatsgrundgesetz ĂŒber die allgemeinen Rechte und StaatsbĂŒrger fĂŒr die im Reichsrate vertretenen Königreiche und LĂ€nder (1867)"
8529:
3622:, Germans and Austrians were able to move on the Western and Southern fronts much manpower from the erstwhile Eastern fighting.
3585:
took place over five months (23 June â 2 December 1915). The fight was extremely bloody and exhausting for both the contenders.
939:
893:
18658:
16145:
13385:
12733:
12432:
12127:
12107:
11165:
Banking and industrialization in Austria-Hungary: the role of banks in the industrialization of the Czech crownlands, 1873â1914
8754:
8184:
6171:
5660:
5517:
5501:
5400:
4781:
2224:
765:
12037:
11080:
10180:
9885:
9423:
Engineering and Economic Growth: The Development of AustriaâHungary's Machine-Building Industry in the Late Nineteenth Century
8669:
6584:
Engineering and Economic Growth: The Development of AustriaâHungary's Machine-Building Industry in the Late Nineteenth Century
4519:
17791:
16925:
16480:
15272:
14654:
13133:
13128:
13123:
13118:
13113:
13108:
13103:
13098:
13093:
13088:
12954:
12949:
12944:
12939:
12934:
12929:
12924:
12919:
12914:
12909:
12904:
12899:
12894:
12889:
12884:
12755:
11863:
11626:
11565:
11376:
11259:
11066:
10986:
10923:
10754:
10731:
10704:
10673:
10539:
10455:
10038:
9793:
9746:
9722:
9625:
9499:
9457:
9318:
9030:
8933:
8803:
8539:
8506:
8261:
8232:
8101:
8061:
7976:
7948:
7916:
7891:
7866:
7841:
7775:
7716:
7481:
7456:
7415:
7376:
7309:
7280:
7255:
7052:
6822:
6215:
5641:
3057:
Anxious about Balkan instability and Russian aggression, and to counter French interests in Europe, AustriaâHungary forged a
2404:
2289:
1103:). The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine-building industry in the world. With the exception of the territory of the
16890:
13613:
10461:
8768:
8583:
8422:
8138:
7334:
4491:
3602:. The Italians managed to resist and in a counteroffensive seized Gorizia on 9 August. Nonetheless, they had to stop on the
188:
18648:
18623:
18105:
16110:
15807:
15694:
13856:
13170:
13070:
13065:
13060:
13055:
13050:
13045:
13040:
13035:
13030:
13025:
12461:
11437:
9736:
4287:
3814:. On the same day, the Czechs and Slovaks formally proclaimed the establishment of Czechoslovakia as an independent state.
3256:
1974:
1090:
15178:
10781:
6660:
6348:
3821:
voted in favour of terminating the union with Austria. The most prominent opponent of continued union with Austria, Count
3248:
18633:
18000:
17952:
17942:
17378:
15674:
13906:
13603:
13390:
13153:
12338:
12214:
9308:
8877:
8375:
5671:
5633:
5579:
The following states were formed, re-established or expanded at the dissolution of the former AustroâHungarian monarchy:
4146:
3877:
3807:
3347:
3106:
2464:
1580:
1357:
1127:
1082:
985:
660:
623:
261:
226:
207:
18569:
17864:
12023:
11127:
10352:
8640:
18643:
18638:
18129:
17859:
17821:
17781:
17771:
17766:
17383:
15714:
15324:
14324:
13752:
13695:
13593:
13380:
12383:
12300:
12295:
9221:
Imperial Lineages and Legacies in the Eastern Mediterranean: Recording the Imprint of Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman Rule
8367:
Through the Prism of the Habsburg Monarchy: Hungary in American Diplomacy and Public Opinion During the First World War
7748:
5691:
5605:
5601:
5452:
5421:
5392:
5306:
4498:
2868:
2743:
2534:
2514:
2379:
2254:
2214:
1170:
925:
17:
10202:
10023:
9642:
Museum of Moslavina Kutina, Jasmina Uroda KutliÄ: 'Telefon â Äudo Novoga vijeka' (Telephone the miracle of Modern era)
3310:
18541:
18326:
18201:
18115:
18005:
17731:
16648:
13968:
13816:
13546:
13474:
13237:
11989:
11544:
11523:
11111:
10880:
10594:
10575:
10512:
9831:
9814:
9582:
9228:
9172:
9123:
8762:
8703:
Wank, Solomon; Jelavich, Barbara (1980). "The Impact of the Dual Alliance on the Germans in Austria and Vice-Versa".
8609:
8577:
8569:
8416:
8132:
6788:
6767:
6762:
Manuscript of Franz Joseph I. â Stephan Vajda, Felix Austria. Eine Geschichte Ăsterreichs, Ueberreuter 1980, Vienna,
6631:
6200:
5656:
5428:
5212:
In 1831 a plan had already been drafted to make the passage navigable, at the initiative of the Hungarian politician
5190:
5154:
4538:
3305:
3026:
1562:) in its international relations. It was often contracted to the "Dual Monarchy" in English or simply referred to as
1526:
1135:
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18226:
18081:
17846:
17193:
13426:
13409:
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natural resources. The Hungarian Democratic Republic was short-lived and was temporarily replaced by the communist
4903:
4472:
4410:
4377:
4357:
4177:
4005:
2819:
2244:
2044:
1984:
1761:
11833:
5261:
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replied that autonomy for the nationalities â the tenth of the Fourteen Points â was no longer enough. In fact, a
3763:
envisaged the Habsburg Empire as being made up of five Kingdoms, in a last desperate attempt to save the Monarchy.
3448:, an auxiliary military formation within the Austro-Hungarian army. The Austro-Hungarian Army was defeated at the
16591:
16135:
14950:
13901:
12693:
12481:
11327:
9375:
5694:; all were ultimately absorbed mostly into Poland, but also into Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia.
5471:
collapsed. The initially wavering Horthy, after receiving threats of intervention from the Allied Powers and the
4505:
3183:
3102:
3045:. The Treaty of San Stefano was seen in Austria as much too favourable for Russia and its Orthodox-Slavic goals.
2872:
2723:
1510:
809:
712:
122:
99:
14112:
9970:
9150:
6557:
3457:
17874:
17836:
17170:
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15953:
15669:
13891:
13625:
13288:
12476:
12088:
9548:
5675:
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4294:
who during his short reign supported the trialist idea only to be vetoed by the Hungarian government and Count
3768:
3390:
3292:
initially remained neutral, despite its alliance with AustriaâHungary. In 1915, it switched to the side of the
3001:
2848:
in 1718, all former territories of the Hungarian kingdom were ceded from the Ottomans to the Habsburgs. In the
2778:
2738:
2619:
2484:
1999:
1959:
1944:
1162:
13665:
13651:
9862:
History of Public Transport in Hungary. Book: Zsuzsa FrisnyĂĄk: A magyarorszĂĄgi közlekedĂ©s krĂłnikĂĄja, 1750â2000
9282:"Budapesti MƱszaki Ă©s GazdasĂĄgtudomĂĄnyi Egyetem (Budapest University of Technology and Economics) â moveonnet"
3777:
On 14 October 1918, Foreign Minister Baron IstvĂĄn BuriĂĄn von Rajecz asked for an armistice based on President
3650:(15â23 June 1918), in which some 60,000 Austrian and 43,000 Italian soldiers were killed. The final battle at
3220:
18460:
18450:
18216:
17007:
15863:
15684:
15388:
13193:
12610:
11979:
11136:. Vol. 30 (12th ed.). London & New York: The EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica Company. pp. 313â343.
10232:
9190:
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5388:
5296:
3855:
3843:
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3485:
3445:
3273:
2951:
2688:
2369:
2169:
1964:
1948:
506:
401:
31:
9219:
Strauss, Johann. "Language and power in the late Ottoman Empire" (Chapter 7). In: Murphey, Rhoads (editor).
4487:
4298:. The count finally signed the trialist proclamation after heavy pressure from the king on 23 October 1918.
18306:
18178:
18051:
17841:
17796:
17711:
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16643:
16631:
16150:
15843:
15760:
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15455:
15383:
15267:
13646:
13244:
11800:
Deak, John (2014). "The Great War and the Forgotten Realm: The Habsburg Monarchy and the First World War".
8342:
6154:
The Empire treated Bosnia-Herzegovina in much the same way the other powers treated their overseas colonies
4987:(1905); Unterlach, Ybbs an der Donau (1907); Salzburg (1909); Klagenfurt, Sankt Pölten (1911); Piran (1912)
4824:
4721:
banknote of the Dual Monarchy, using all official and recognized languages (the reverse side was Hungarian)
4224:
4044:
4022:
3066:
3009:
2857:
2629:
2434:
2016:
1994:
1107:, the Empire of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary were separate sovereign countries in international law.
618:
17962:
12747:
11429:
Deak, John, and Jonathan E. Gumz. "How to Break a State: The Habsburg Monarchy's Internal War, 1914â1918"
9967:"UNESCO World Heritage Centre â World Heritage Committee Inscribes 9 New Sites on the World Heritage List"
8455:
6541:
3504:. The origin of that document was the dire need to draft new recruits from German-occupied Poland for the
3370:
the diverse nationalities gave up on the Empire and looked for ways to establish their own nation states.
18510:
18500:
18455:
18250:
18093:
17967:
17869:
17524:
17438:
17333:
17248:
17165:
16663:
16535:
16390:
15887:
15642:
15393:
14430:
13293:
13264:
12670:
12466:
12363:
12252:
8124:
7964:
7624:
7598:
6939:
Schmitt, Hans A. (1968). "Count Beust and Germany, 1866â1870: Reconquest, Realignment, or Resignation?".
5817:
5610:
4816:
4791:
4388:. Antisemitic parties and movements existed, but the governments of Vienna and Budapest did not initiate
4283:
4279:
4001:
3744:
3611:
3558:
3540:
3437:
3420:
3225:
3199:
2884:
2812:
2748:
2733:
2089:
2069:
2037:
2004:
1979:
1969:
1954:
1590:
1468:
1371:
Die im Reichsrat vertretenen Königreiche und LÀnder und die LÀnder der Heiligen Ungarischen Stephanskrone
1185:
1131:
957:
433:
300:
12321:
11173:
Sauer, Walter. "Habsburg Colonial: Austria-Hungary's Role in European Overseas Expansion Reconsidered",
8030:
2899:
18628:
18387:
18380:
18346:
18071:
18010:
17978:
17889:
17776:
17671:
17586:
17175:
17073:
16032:
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16017:
15780:
15597:
13298:
12795:
12725:
12471:
12247:
12242:
12224:
12132:
6682:
6038:
were not part of Hungary proper, the latter two were part of the sovereign Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia)
4708:
4589:
4227:, hitherto dominated by German speakers, was divided into German and Czech-speaking faculties in 1882.
4111:
3966:
3934:
3881:
3839:
3667:
3441:
3318:
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2718:
2264:
1855:
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911:
738:
597:
583:
17363:
13806:
12603:
11132:
8478:
8007:
Banac, Ivo (1992). "'Emperor Karl Has Become a Comitadji': The Croatian Disturbances of Autumn 1918".
6850:
6738:
6403:
4882:
3520:, the latter composed also of territories never intended by the Central Powers to be ceded to Poland.
3440:, the war started out equally poorly. The government accepted the Polish proposal of establishing the
18678:
18124:
18088:
17992:
17831:
17641:
17328:
17263:
17253:
17238:
16573:
16520:
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15745:
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15351:
14499:
14063:
13796:
13598:
13459:
13303:
13232:
12290:
12153:
11929:
10797:
Armour, Ian D. (2009). "Apple of Discord: Austria-Hungary, Serbia and the Bosnian Question 1867-71".
10417:
7347:... the assassination was followed by officially encouraged anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo ...
6254:
6160:
5909:
5905:
5597:
5413:
5014:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3638:
3554:
3121:
2609:
2504:
2309:
2299:
2114:
1166:
574:
464:
17463:
13227:
12054:, with discussions, syllabi, book reviews, queries, conferences; edited daily by scholars since 1994
11968:
11956:. (ed.: Rudolf Rothaug), K. u. k. Hof-Kartographische Anstalt G. Freytag & Berndt, Vienna, 1911.
11338:
Cornwall, Mark (1992). "News, Rumour and the Control of Information in AustriaâHungary, 1914â1918".
11178:
10268:
10083:
9939:
9342:
6398:
5318:
18608:
18490:
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18291:
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18159:
18076:
17985:
17811:
17083:
17063:
17028:
16981:
16935:
16287:
16103:
15689:
15612:
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15284:
15134:
14793:
14788:
13886:
12675:
12491:
12456:
12285:
11010:
8859:
8791:
8408:
6184:
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5593:
4907:
4103:
3501:
3061:
with Germany in October 1879 and in May 1882. In October 1882 Italy joined this partnership in the
2768:
2649:
2494:
1875:
751:
106:
11729:
Baedeker, Karl (1906). "AustriaâHungary, Including Dalmatia and Bosnia. Handbook for Travellers".
11198:
10915:
5018:
1066:
18618:
18495:
18374:
18341:
18272:
18236:
18206:
18170:
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18056:
18041:
17916:
17826:
17761:
17704:
16961:
16653:
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16445:
16171:
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15699:
15632:
15602:
15448:
15376:
15257:
14798:
14751:
14694:
14393:
14337:
14085:
13339:
13217:
12358:
12269:
11247:
Vermes, Gabor. "The Impact of the Dual Alliance on the Magyars of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy"
11155:
Austria-Hungary & the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present
9366:
Peter F. Sugar, PĂ©ter HanĂĄk: A History of Hungary (Publisher: Indiana University Press) Page: 262
7536:
6998:
6844:
6623:
Austria-Hungary & the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present
5587:
5408:
5382:
5353:
5314:
5166:
4758:
4573:
4465:
3524:
3244:
2852:, the Kingdom of Hungary called for greater self-government and later even independence from the
2758:
2698:
2584:
2204:
1921:
1860:
1174:
1062:
832:
438:
363:
18196:
11974:
7368:
3697:, together with the Romanian government, royal court and public authorities, which relocated to
3425:
18336:
17806:
17681:
17596:
17443:
17155:
17088:
16956:
16905:
16837:
16737:
16727:
16525:
16460:
16267:
16196:
15939:
15833:
15787:
15572:
15552:
15398:
15299:
15294:
14982:
14930:
14850:
14783:
14687:
14672:
14565:
14332:
14286:
14127:
14014:
13740:
13683:
13565:
13403:
12618:
12378:
12348:
12257:
11123:
11097:
AustriaâHungary and the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present
9285:
8494:
AustriaâHungary and the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present
6500:
6194:
6105:
5924:
5773:
5616:
5193:(DDSG), was the world's largest inland shipping company until the collapse of Austria-Hungary.
4766:
4718:
4262:
and of Dalmatia (today's Croatia), in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in the provinces known as the
3950:) in Cisleithania. Each parliament had its own executive government, appointed by the monarch.
3756:
3517:
3360:
3117:
3098:
3062:
2939:
2880:
2474:
1723:
1189:
971:
840:
10663:
9920:
9447:
9235:
9020:
8253:
7708:
7044:
6621:
4933:
The first Hungarian steam locomotive railway line was opened on 15 July 1846 between Pest and
445:
18505:
18445:
18321:
18301:
18036:
17894:
17666:
17646:
17626:
17489:
17453:
17408:
17353:
17145:
17140:
16915:
16862:
16687:
16596:
16565:
16505:
16455:
16237:
16227:
15929:
15797:
15765:
15329:
15289:
15102:
14977:
14041:
14031:
13990:
13961:
13836:
13557:
13374:
13207:
12373:
12158:
11874:
10618:
10097:
9695:
Thomas Derdak, AdĂ©le Hast: International Directory of Company Histories â Volume 5 â Page 315
8371:
8224:
7448:
7407:
6993:; Wagnleitner, Reinhold F.; Fellner, Fritz; Zöllner, Erich; Ray, Michael (28 November 2023).
6793:
6719:
6626:. European nations Facts on File library of world history. Infobase Publishing. p. 401.
6378:
5954:
5892:
5337:
5302:
5213:
4983:
Austria: Gmunden (1894); Linz, Vienna (1897); Graz (1898); Trieste (1900); Ljubljana (1901);
4891:
4820:
4786:
4581:
4512:
4337:
4307:
4172:. Beginning in 1882, there was a Slovene majority in the Diet of Carniola and in the capital
3974:
3915:
3811:
3582:
3481:
3396:
3173:
3078:
3030:
3005:
2912:
2845:
2713:
1193:
999:
16817:
15217:
13746:
13689:
11875:"Review Article: Nationalism and all that: Reassessing the Habsburg Monarchy and its legacy"
10305:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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5571:
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18277:
18231:
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17343:
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17053:
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15252:
15222:
15097:
15028:
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14918:
14252:
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13841:
13801:
13608:
13482:
13464:
12717:
12644:
12596:
12555:
12316:
12262:
12102:
10746:
10264:
10258:
10079:
10073:
9906:
Tramways in Slovakia: Book: JĂșlius Bartl: Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon â p. 112
9259:
7474:
Austrian-Greek encounters over the centuries: history, diplomacy, politics, arts, economics
5913:
5448:
5371:
4742:
4585:
4291:
3818:
3760:
3673:
3634:
3615:
3528:
3135:
In 1914, Slavic militants in Bosnia rejected Austria's plan to fully absorb the area; they
2892:
2763:
2424:
2104:
1809:
1794:
1178:
673:
592:
476:
15202:
13811:
12496:
9656:
7153:
3453:
3429:
2973:
8:
18351:
18211:
18024:
17947:
17676:
17621:
17458:
17448:
17433:
17423:
17388:
17318:
17233:
17203:
17150:
16867:
16621:
16616:
16515:
16510:
16277:
16232:
16191:
16096:
16007:
15949:
15899:
15858:
15802:
15733:
15540:
15114:
14994:
14960:
14862:
14682:
14677:
14489:
14208:
14144:
14019:
14004:
13851:
13777:
13764:
13717:
13707:
13659:
12972:
12580:
12219:
11779:
8498:
5888:
5757:
5624:
5269:
5173:
4972:
4192:
4026:
Comparative demographics of Empire of Austria and Kingdom of Hungary in Europe before WW1
3978:
3822:
3626:
3595:
3505:
2963:
2935:
2888:
2783:
2564:
2234:
2149:
1703:
1668:
1382:
A Birodalmi Tanåcsban képviselt kirålysågok és orszågok és a Magyar Szent Korona orszågai
1086:
560:
14830:
14820:
13896:
13275:
11192:
11141:
10128:
9149:[The Jews in Hungary in the light of the numbers] (in Hungarian). Archived from
8177:"Review of Torrey, Glenn E., Romania and World War I: A Collection of Studies. HABSBURG"
6019:
5366:: Kingdom of Hungary lost 72% of its land and 3.3 million people of Hungarian ethnicity.
4757:) was opened in 1771 in Vienna, the first stock exchange of the Kingdom of Hungary (the
3444:
as the Polish central authority within the Empire, responsible for the formation of the
2840:
18534:
18465:
18432:
18366:
18316:
18221:
18147:
17957:
17906:
17879:
17739:
17575:
17398:
17393:
17358:
17338:
17313:
17308:
17303:
17298:
17293:
17278:
17273:
17218:
17125:
16971:
16842:
16732:
16712:
16668:
16611:
16606:
16583:
16550:
16540:
16530:
16412:
16063:
16056:
15969:
15868:
15838:
15821:
15607:
15587:
15501:
15483:
15475:
15227:
15207:
15190:
15141:
15006:
14815:
14766:
14699:
14617:
14558:
14553:
14548:
14504:
14474:
14366:
14264:
14132:
14107:
13826:
13451:
12665:
12570:
12560:
12486:
11894:
11817:
11756:
11723:
11592:
11508:
11411:
11403:
11351:
11319:
11217:
11168:
11158:
11148:
11072:
11041:
11031:
10992:
10865:
10822:
10814:
10606:
9491:
Case Studies on Modern European Economy: Entrepreneurship, Inventions, and Institutions
8954:
8796:
Sources on Jewish Self-Government in the Polish Lands from Its Inception to the Present
8283:
7932:
7781:
7755:
7651:
7361:
6990:
6972:
6964:
6453:
6297:
6220:
6042:
5966:
5863:
5807:
5749:
5741:
5553:
4870:
4812:
4617:
4565:
4418:
4158:
4091:
3893:
3860:
3799:
3727:
3578:
3531:, who fought for the independence of Czechoslovakia against the Austro-Hungarian army.
3466:
3462:
3125:
3073:
with Russia to keep the Habsburgs from recklessly starting a war over Pan-Slavism. The
3070:
3058:
2979:
2728:
2708:
2703:
2693:
2544:
2359:
2078:
1865:
1776:
1728:
1634:
1599:
1555:
1406:
1376:
1239:
1197:
1070:
1013:
323:
291:
72:
13831:
11696:
A Mad Catastrophe: The Outbreak of World War I and the Collapse of the Habsburg Empire
11483:
Vienna and the Fall of the Habsburg Empire: Total War and Everyday Life in World War I
10873:
The Last Years of AustriaâHungary: Essays in political and military history, 1908â1918
10649:
The Habsburg monarchy, 1809â1918: a history of the Austrian Empire and AustriaâHungary
10154:
9376:
Publishers' Association, Booksellers Association of Great Britain and Ireland (1930).
8908:
Romania. Recueil trimestriel consacré à l'étude des langes et des littératures romanes
8830:
7994:
Vienna and the Fall of the Habsburg Empire: Total War and Everyday Life in World War I
6994:
6148:, Austro-Hungarian occupied 1878 until withdrawal in 1908 whilst formally part of the
4794:, resulting in 50,000 deaths a year. The Istro-Romanians of Istria were also poor, as
4422:
3810:
and declared that their ultimate intention was to unite with Serbia and Montenegro in
3484:
of Germany and Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary. This act promised the creation of the
18405:
18400:
18296:
18183:
17899:
17816:
17601:
17591:
17554:
17428:
17413:
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17135:
17130:
17120:
16991:
16940:
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16545:
16181:
16166:
15982:
15848:
15709:
15637:
15627:
15567:
15491:
15336:
15232:
15168:
15163:
15092:
14989:
14704:
14632:
14627:
14469:
14398:
14381:
14376:
14371:
14171:
14122:
13758:
13701:
12680:
12623:
12590:
12575:
12565:
12426:
12343:
12137:
12117:
11898:
11859:
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11540:
11534:
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10996:
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10876:
10839:
10826:
10750:
10727:
10700:
10669:
10647:
10590:
10571:
10535:
10534:(in German) (11th ed.). Vienna: Manzsche Verlags- und UniversitÀtsbuchhandlung.
10508:
10451:
10422:
10386:
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10069:
10034:
9827:
9810:
9789:
9742:
9718:
9578:
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9001:
8929:
8799:
8758:
8605:
8573:
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6349:"Austro-Hungarian Empire k.u.k. Monarchy dual-monarchic Habsburg Emperors of Austria"
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designated Polish instead of German in 1869 as the customary language of government.
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IstvĂĄn Tisza: The Liberal Vision and Conservative Statecraft of a Magyar Nationalist
11657:
11596:
9993:"Budapest's Electric Underground Railway Is Still Running After More Than 120 Years"
9623:
9485:
8176:
8027:"French forces occupy Corfu â History.com This Day in History â 1/11/1916"
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At the same time, Hungarian dominance faced challenges from the local majorities of
4077:"), each of the races receives the necessary means of education in its own language.
3633:
river. Italy, although suffering massive casualties, recovered from the blow, and a
1077:. Austria-Hungary constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the
548:
30:
For the relations of the modern-day sovereign countries of Austria and Hungary, see
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The 28 June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in the Bosnian capital,
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2683:
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1989:
1766:
1713:
1201:
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Bosnia and Herzegovina came under Austro-Hungarian joint military and civilian rule
1027:
725:
355:
347:
343:
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331:
175:
150:
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Studii Èi CercetÄri â Actele Simpozionului "Banat â Istorie Èi Multiculturalitate"
6854:. Vol. 3 (9th ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 116â141.
6117:
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river, hoping to seize Ljubljana, and to eventually threaten Vienna. However, the
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Folly and malice: the Habsburg empire, the Balkans and the start of World War One
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9223:(Volume 18 of Birmingham Byzantine and Ottoman Studies). Routledge, 7 July 2016.
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after the fourth grade, the pupils could express themselves fluently in Hungarian
4134:
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army's composition of multiple ethnicities with different languages and customs.
3625:
On 24 October 1917, Austrians (now enjoying decisive German support) attacked at
3489:
3203:
3187:
2954:, who was the foreign minister from 1866 to 1871, hated the Prussian chancellor,
2943:
2903:
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1537:
Following a decision of Franz Joseph I in 1868, the realm bore the official name
1409:) was the label for institutions common to both parts of the monarchy, e.g., the
1365:
1229:
1123:
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609:
389:
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56:
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11994:
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10488:, p. 63, "Through the occupation Austria-Hungary became a colonial power.".
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as a common holding of Cisleithania and Transleithania under the control of the
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13861:
13637:
13486:
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13147:
12657:
12353:
12326:
12209:
12007:
11917:
Sked, Alan. "Explaining the Habsburg Empire, 1830â90." in Pamela Pilbeam, ed.,
11828:
Körner, Axel. "Beyond Nation States: New Perspectives on the Habsburg Empire."
11458:
The economic policy of Austria-Hungary during the war in its external relations
11234:
10773:
9088:
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On 15 May 1916, the Austrian Chief of Staff Conrad von Hötzendorf launched the
3567:
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3293:
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3029:. With help from Romania and Greece, Russia defeated the Ottomans and with the
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1506:
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686:
367:
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129:
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Geographischer Atlas zur Vaterlandskunde an der österreichischen Mittelschulen
11588:
11315:
10890:
10843:
10723:
9843:
Tramways in Czech Republic: Book: Jan VinaĆ : HistorickĂ© krovy (page 351)
9738:
The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe: Volume 2, 1870 to the Present
7937:
The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe: Volume 2, 1870 to the Present
7647:
6952:
6113:
4725:
4403:
In that period, the majority of Jews in AustriaâHungary lived in small towns (
4061:), valid only for the Cisleithanian (Austrian) part of AustriaâHungary, said:
3255:
were opposed. The foreign ministry of Austro-Hungarian Empire sent ambassador
18602:
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9761:
9002:"Vlachs from the Island Krk in the Primary Historical and Literature Sources"
8565:
Hungary and the Habsburgs, 1765â1800: An Experiment in Enlightened Absolutism
6960:
6743:
6737:
6505:
6461:
5793:
5769:
5699:
5444:
5283:
The most important seaport for the Hungarian part of the monarchy was Fiume (
5043:
4941:
4803:
4730:
4188:
4009:
3977:. It was triggered by disagreement over which language to use for command in
3955:
Bosnia and Herzegovina came under Austro-Hungarian military and civilian rule
3888:
between the Austrian Empire ("Lands Represented in the Imperial Council", or
3868:
3646:; under his command, the Italians retook the initiative and won the decisive
3630:
3570:
3477:
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3013:
2987:
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1870:
1212:
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395:
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What Life Was Like: At Empire's End : Austro-Hungarian Empire 1848â1918
10933:
10851:
10558:
10522:
8716:
7789:
7610:
7302:
Scholar, patriot, mentor: historical essays in honor of Dimitrije DjordjeviÄ
6752:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 279â286.
3986:. The negotiations in 1917 ended with the dissolution of the Dual Monarchy.
3693:, and part of the population moved to the unoccupied Romanian territory, in
3207:
2927:
Bosnian Muslim resistance during the battle of Sarajevo in 1878 against the
17373:
16895:
16857:
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12547:
11473:
11465:
11058:
10898:
10206:
10044:
10033:. Museum and Galleries of Ljubljana; City Museum of Ljubljana. p. 63.
9785:
History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe in the Long Nineteenth Century
9232:
9165:
7581:
6870:
Hungary's Long Nineteenth Century: Constitutional and Democratic Traditions
6798:
6781:
Die Doppelmonarchie Ăsterreich-Ungarn. Ein politisches Lesebuch (1867â1918)
6273:
6250:
6139:
6138:
between present borders with Croatia (SW) and Bosnia and Herzegovina (NW),
6049:
5946:
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5249:
5201:
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1353:
1119:
251:
222:
197:
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10978:
10810:
9119:
6716:
Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States
6388:. New England Publishing Company (Boston), 1888. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
6065:
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14872:
14585:
14494:
14484:
14410:
14058:
14053:
13876:
13316:
13212:
10551:
From Sadowa to Sarajevo: the foreign policy of Austria-Hungary, 1866â1914
9595:
8885:
AsociaÈia TransilvanÄ Pentru Literatura RomĂąnÄ Èi Cultura Poporului RomĂąn
8831:"Charles University | Czech Republic, 14th Century, Faculty | Britannica"
7829:
6514:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 2â39.
6265:
6135:
5920:
5884:
5706:, and adopted the Swiss currency instead of the Austrian. In April 1919,
5703:
5667:
5620:
5310:
5067:
4795:
4165:
could not be substituted for German as the language of higher education.
4154:
4083:
4030:
3911:
3545:
3513:
3213:
3159:
1216:
1154:
699:
644:
181:
13356:
11855:
10818:
6843:
6558:"Martin Mutschlechner: The Dual Monarchy: two states in a single empire"
6346:
5417:
4997:
Bohemia: Prague (1891); Teplice (1895); Liberec (1897); ĂstĂ nad Labem,
4944:: A set of four electric commuter rai lines were built in Budapest, the
4176:; they replaced German with Slovene as their primary official language.
3910:
in German) formed for the few matters of common national security - the
2773:
18311:
17160:
17098:
17017:
16257:
16222:
15065:
14882:
14756:
14716:
14649:
13769:
13712:
11407:
11104:
Twilight of the Habsburgs: The Life and Times of Emperor Francis Joseph
9765:
9653:"125 godina telefonije u Hrvatskoj (125 years of Telephony in Croatia)"
8279:"Review of Austro-Hungarian War Aims in the Balkans during World War I"
6968:
6546:(in Hungarian). Hungarian Central Statistical Office. 1912. p. 17.
6127:
5991:
5849:
5797:
5707:
5358:
5221:
5059:
4953:
4479: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4426:
4017:
3922:
3885:
3113:
In performance of this promise a constitution was promulgated in 1910.
3042:
3021:
2974:
1878â1914: Congress of Berlin, Balkan instability and the Bosnia Crisis
1708:
1686:
1348:), but none of these became widespread either in Hungary or elsewhere.
1134:, an autonomous region under the Hungarian crown, which negotiated the
1115:
11760:
11722:(1915) English translations of official documents to justify the war.
11603:
Kronenbitter, GĂŒnther. "Pre-war Military Planning (AustriaâHungary)."
10568:
Bosnien-Herzegowina in der österreichisch-ungarischen Epoche 1878â1918
6499:
6145:
6061:
4949:
4117:
3074:
17519:
17509:
17078:
16385:
16272:
15904:
15622:
14955:
14726:
14610:
14580:
14361:
14235:
14026:
10630:
10325:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 3.
9966:
9575:
Industrielle Revolution in Deutschland. Regionen als Wachstumsmotoren
8365:
6460:
refers to as "Ruthenian"; and Yiddish was the common language of the
6269:
6075:
6005:
5873:
5455:
lost roughly 72% of the pre-war territory of the Kingdom of Hungary.
5325:
5265:
5142:
5083:
5036:
4984:
4846:
4770:
4263:
4231:
4173:
3690:
3672:
On 27 August 1916, Romania declared war against AustriaâHungary. The
1880:
1694:
9449:
God's Playground A History of Poland: Volume II: 1795 to the Present
7172:
7061:
7041:
The Enemy at the Gate: Habsburgs, Ottomans and the Battle for Europe
6683:"Hungary - Dual Monarchy, Austro-Hungarian Empire, WWI | Britannica"
6448:
s "RumÀni or Wallachian" refers to what is today known as Romanian;
5492:
5158:
The start of construction of the underground in Budapest (1894â1896)
5111:
4823:, but Hungary had a better position in the modern industries of the
4577:
4454:
4095:
4038:
3598:"): the Austrians broke through the opposing front and occupied the
3243:
Some members of the government, such as Minister of Foreign Affairs
17756:
17696:
17656:
17539:
17529:
17348:
16847:
16119:
15535:
15518:
15440:
14356:
14139:
14097:
14036:
12419:
12178:
12029:
11813:
11742:
11619:
The First World War and the End of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1914â1918
11399:
9022:
A People Apart: A Political History of the Jews in Europe 1789â1939
8220:
6131:
6079:
6031:
6001:
5985:
5958:
5880:
5869:
5107:
5103:
5063:
4886:
A stentor reading the day's news in the TelefonhĂrmondĂł of Budapest
4807:
4369:
4319:
4247:
4169:
4150:
3682:
3400:
3195:
2997:
2867:
In the 1860s, the Empire faced two severe defeats: its loss in the
1690:
1658:
1648:
257:
9306:
7184:
7134:
6121:
4998:
4392:
or implement official antisemitic policies. They feared that such
4216:
3236:
17727:
17549:
17504:
17479:
17033:
16742:
16360:
16313:
16252:
16176:
16130:
15513:
15471:
14269:
14198:
14154:
14009:
12051:
11771:(1940), pp. 103â159 summarizes memoirs of major participants
10228:
9770:
The Industrial Revolution in National Context: Europe and the USA
8217:
Culture and Customs of Hungary, Cultures and Customs of the World
6197:, a form of administration adopted by the Austro-Hungarian Empire
6109:
6053:
6011:
5980:
5898:
5476:
5440:
5130:
5071:
5029:
5010:
5002:
4916:
Detailed railway map of Austrian and Hungarian railways from 1911
4405:
4389:
4323:
4271:
4259:
4243:
3686:
3678:
3260:
2923:
2659:
1926:
1644:
1610:
423:
407:
14070:
11297:"Silent War and Bitter Peace: The Revolution of 1918 in Austria"
11038:
The Development of the Economies of Continental Europe 1850â1914
11005:
The Austrian Mind: An Intellectual and Social History, 1848â1938
10863:. Glasgow: Fontana Economic History of Europe. pp. 228â278.
9686:
Telephone History Institute: Telecom History â Issue 1 â Page 14
9624:
DĂĄniel SzabĂł; ZoltĂĄn FĂłnagy; IstvĂĄn SzathmĂĄri; TĂŒnde CsĂĄsztvay.
7836:. (CUP Archive)London: Cambridge University Press. p. 479.
6090:
5115:
4945:
4414:
4341:
3698:
17631:
17544:
16807:
16707:
16350:
16206:
15523:
14102:
13977:
13540:
10908:
Austria, Hungary, and the Habsburgs: Central Europe c.1683â1867
9626:"KettĆs kötĆdĂ©s : Az OsztrĂĄkâMagyar Monarchia (1867â1918)"
9514:
Paula Sutter Fichtner: Historical Dictionary of Austria (p. 69)
8925:
O istorie a RomĂąnilor din Peninsula BalcanicÄ: secolul XVIII-XX
6989:
6071:
5995:
5853:
5432:
5391:(which after a few other short-lived intermediaries became the
5284:
5197:
5170:
5138:
5134:
5099:
5095:
5079:
4961:
4385:
4267:
4251:
4212:
4207:
4141:
of the Empire, but the Germans had difficulty in accepting the
3574:
3550:
3190:, although some believe it depicts Ferdinand Behr, a bystander.
2139:
1652:
247:
11282:
Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I § Further reading
7445:
Unholy Terror: Bosnia, Al-Qa'ida, and the Rise of Global Jihad
5949:, the coast and the immediate hinterland around the cities of
5196:
In 1900 the engineer C. WagenfĂŒhrer drew up plans to link the
4934:
4713:
4086:(part of Bohemia), looked to Berlin in the new German Empire.
3961:
with the Great Powers and Austria-Hungary's Balkan neighbors,
1157:, which began with an Austro-Hungarian war declaration on the
16088:
15496:
14736:
13550:
13533:
13526:
13519:
13502:
13492:
9788:(in Hungarian). University of California Press. p. 152.
9341:. Ryeson Polytechnical Institute. p. 216. Archived from
9051:
The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad
6167:
6120:
including the immediate surrounding area west of the city of
6057:
5950:
5233:
5122:
5091:
5025:
4774:
4255:
4239:
3603:
3404:
3206:
killed two and damaged numerous Serb-owned buildings. Writer
3120:
of 1908-09 were the foreign ministers of Austria and Russia,
2839:
Following Hungary's defeat against the Ottoman Empire in the
1698:
1630:
1091:
Hungary terminated the union with Austria on 31 October 1918.
413:
12013:
10743:
Studije iz pravne povijesti Bosne i Hercegovine: 1878 - 1941
10697:
Ring of Steel: Germany and AustriaâHungary at War, 1914â1918
10443:
9882:"Trams and Tramways in Romania â TimiÈoara, Arad, Bucharest"
8318:
8316:
4219:(while retaining a slight numerical majority in the city of
3751:
3654:
was lost by 31 October 1918 and the armistice was signed at
17514:
16355:
16345:
16335:
16318:
13512:
12046:
10505:
A Diplomatic History of Europe Since the Congress of Vienna
7299:
6606:
Az 1867-iki (i.e. ezernyolcszĂĄzhatvanhetediki) kiegyezĂ©srĆl
5177:
5126:
5006:
4991:
4854:
4612:
Literacy in Hungary by counties in 1910 (excluding Croatia)
4220:
2119:
1196:, respectively, and most of the territorial demands of the
13946:
11492:
The First World War: Germany and AustriaâHungary 1914â1918
10589:(in German) (2nd ed.). Vienna: Böhlau StudienbĂŒcher.
9069:
9057:
8626:
6477:
Geographischer Atlas zur Vaterlandskunde, 1911, Tabelle 3.
6437:"Romani" refers to the language of those described by the
3217:
was established and carried out the persecution of Serbs.
1354:
The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council
1351:
The realm's full name used in internal administration was
11971:
at the International Encyclopedia of the First World War.
11289:
For God and Kaiser: The Imperial Austrian Army, 1619â1918
11021:
The Dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, 1867â1918
9645:
8731:
A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change, Routledge
8437:
8382:
8313:
8250:
For God and Kaiser: The Imperial Austrian Army, 1619-1918
7593:
7591:
7214:
4564:
The first university in the Austrian half of the Empire (
4327:
4211:
and became a minority to Czech speakers in the cities of
3469:, and it caused an economic crash in the Russian Empire.
1529:, the only official language in Croatia and Slavonia was
12047:
Oldphoto.info â Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Army
9964:
8054:
Italian foreign policy in the interwar period, 1918â1940
5184:
4572:
in Prague in 1347, the second oldest university was the
4318:. The proposal was very popular among them. The Italian
4282:
and Bosnia and Herzegovina many advocated the idea of a
3842:. KĂĄrolyi followed suit on 16 November, proclaiming the
2871:
broke its dominion over a large part of Northern Italy (
1441:
only in 1889 at the request of the Hungarian government.
11924:
Sked, Alan. "AustriaâHungary and the First World War."
11635:
Sked, Alan. "AustriaâHungary and the First World War."
11229:
Usher, Roland G. "Austro-German Relations Since 1866."
10353:"The successor states to the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy"
7333:. American Universities Field Staff. 1964. p. 44.
5931:(except its northern corner) and most of the oblast of
1204:
were also recognized by the victorious powers in 1920.
10716:
AustriaâHungary and the Origins of the First World War
10635:
The Decline and Fall of the Habsburg Empire, 1815â1918
10329:
10293:
10291:
9734:
9336:"Banking in Hungarian Economic Development, 1867â1919"
8684:
7969:
With Our Backs to the Wall: Victory and Defeat in 1918
7931:
7588:
6783:, Presses Univ. Septentrion, 2002, Villeneuve d'Ascq,
4632:
Literacy in Kingdom of Hungary, incl. male and female
4133:) by German intellectuals and had always been granted
3722:
action, and 700,000 soldiers were wounded in the war.
3614:). As the Russian Empire collapsed as a result of the
1288:
Kaiserliche und königliche Monarchie Ăsterreich-Ungarn
10125:"Unione Austriaca (Austro-Americana) / Cosulich Line"
8301:
6375:
The Essentials of Geography for School Year 1888â1889
5822:
Bosnia and Herzegovina (Austro-Hungarian condominium)
5403:(between the victors of World War I and Austria) and
5324:, which were separate national institutions, and the
4729:
Black Friday, 9 May 1873, Vienna Stock Exchange. The
3025:
the conflict between the two powers escalated into a
12026:
and the collapse of AustriaâHungary at omniatlas.com
12006: (archived 12 January 2008) â extensive list of
10836:
Francis Joseph: emperor of Austria â King of Hungary
10437:
8634:"Slovakia â Hungary Relations in the European Union"
7293:
6326:
Bosnia-Herzegovina is excluded from these estimates.
5600:, subsequently briefly restored and replaced by the
12537:
10965:(Cambridge University Press, 1987, pp. 72â150.
10346:
10344:
10288:
9522:
9520:
9420:
8928:(in Romanian). Bucharest: Biblioteca BucureÈtilor.
8339:"Hungarian foreign ministers from 1848 to our days"
6710:
6708:
6471:
4125:
Italian was regarded as an old "culture language" (
3996:
Ethnic and religious composition of Austria-Hungary
3557:. Italy's victory marked the end of the war on the
2996:Recruits from Bosnia-Herzegovina, including Muslim
2918:
12087:
11980:Microsoft Encarta: The height of the dual monarchy
11557:Disjoined partners: Austria and Germany since 1815
11224:Eastern Europe: An Historical Geography: 1815â1945
10861:The Emergence of Industrial Societies vol 4 part 1
10646:
10605:
9619:
9617:
8999:
8864:Stvaranje-DrĆŸave-SHS, Creation of the state of SHS
8214:
7725:
7360:
7264:
5207:
5054:Electric tramway lines in the Kingdom of Hungary:
4798:lost strength and agriculture was not productive.
3957:until it was fully annexed in 1908, provoking the
3933:(commonly known as the National Assembly) and the
2110:The Carpathian Basin before the Hungarian conquest
1142:until it was fully annexed in 1908, provoking the
13192:
11794:Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writers
10253:
10068:
8096:. Vol. I. Xlibris Corporation. p. 339.
7511:"Primary Documents: Austrian Ultimatum to Serbia"
7300:DjordjeviÄ, Dimitrije; Richard B. Spence (1992).
7154:"The Austrian Occupation of Novibazar, 1878â1909"
5496:New hand-drawn borders of AustriaâHungary in the
4603:
3296:, hoping to gain territory from its former ally.
1467:(Austria); "royal" in this label referred to the
18600:
10614:; highly detailed history; emphasis on ethnicity
10444:Tucker, Spencer; Priscilla Mary Roberts (2005).
10341:
9735:Broadberry, Stephen; O'Rourke, Kevin H. (2010).
9517:
9164:Karady, Victor; Nagy, Peter Tabor, eds. (2012).
8977:. IaÈi: Tipografia NaÈionalÄ. pp. 119â198.
8639:. Suedosteuropa-gesellschaft.com. Archived from
8079:Isonzo: The Forgotten Sacrifice of the Great War
7541:The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914
6872:. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, the Netherlands.
6705:
6530:(in German). Ăsterreichische Nationalbibliothek.
5666:the short-lived Ruthenian (Ukrainian and Rusyn)
5487:
4877:
4815:between the east and west, besides the existing
4290:, Archduke Franz Ferdinand and emperor and king
4286:monarchy; among the supporters of the idea were
4161:under his arm; this was to demonstrate that the
3411:and fought alongside British and French troops.
3263:, where he inquired about the standpoint of the
1358:Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen
1165:by the time the military authorities signed the
13223:Privilegiertes uniformiertes Grazer BĂŒrgerkorps
10502:
10153:. Members.dame.at. 16 June 1908. Archived from
9614:
8743:Beniston, Judith; Vilain, Robert, eds. (2004).
8404:Hungary in World War II: Caught in the Cauldron
7245:
7239:
7190:
7178:
7140:
7067:
4979:Electric tramway lines in the Austrian Empire:
4976:AustriaâHungary was built in Budapest in 1887.
4551:
3561:and secured the dissolution of AustriaâHungary.
1425:(Army). The common army changed its label from
1380:
1122:, the northern and western parts of the former
64:
11616:
11516:The Austro-Hungarian Forces in World War I (2)
10963:Modern Austria: Empire and Republic, 1815â1986
9919:, fifth edition, Wolden Publishing Ltd, 2003,
9781:
8911:(in French). Ămile Bouillon. pp. 240â256.
8853:
8792:"Jewish Self-Government in Galicia, 1815â1914"
8742:
7742:
7740:
7603:The First World War and International Politics
7246:Finestone, Jeffrey; Massie, Robert K. (1981).
6599:
6347:Citype â Internet â Portal Betriebsges.m.b.H.
4967:
4853:, today's Bratislava) in December 1847 and in
4326:conditions, and those living in the island of
3267:on 5 July and received a supportive response.
3224:Crowds on the streets in the aftermath of the
3090:annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina in October 1908
3033:tried to create a large pro-Russian Bulgaria.
18664:States and territories disestablished in 1918
17712:
16104:
15456:
13962:
13178:
12870:
12763:
12523:
12073:
11731:Bulletin of the American Geographical Society
11654:Austro-Hungarian Army and the First World War
11455:
11242:The Austro-Hungarian mind: at home and abroad
11194:A Short History of AustriaâHungary and Poland
11106:. New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1995.
10587:Ăsterreichische und deutsche Rechtsgeschichte
10570:(in German). Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag.
10116:
9541:
9452:. Oxford University Press. pp. 106â108.
9445:
9307:Robert B. Kaplan; Richard B. Baldauf (2005).
9213:
9191:"The beginnings of the Alma Mater Rudolphina"
7911:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 24.
7629:"The failure of peace by negotiation in 1917"
7576:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. pp. 121â161.
7503:
7436:
7146:
6407:. Vol. III (9th ed.). p. 118.
5050:(1895); KrakĂłw (1901); TarnĂłw, Cieszyn (1911)
4928:
4806:of the Kingdom of Hungary with the centre of
4034:Ethno-linguistic map of Austria-Hungary, 1910
3149:History of Austria-Hungary during World War I
2820:
2045:
1838:History of Austria-Hungary during World War I
15419:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy
11950:
11786:
11197:. Encyclopaedia Britannica Company. p.
9425:. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. p. 80.
9144:
8974:O cÄlÄtorie prin satele romĂąneÈti din Istria
8789:
8702:
8658:
8598:
8215:Buranbaeva, Oksana; Mladineo, Vanja (2011).
7884:The Serbs Volume 10 of The Peoples of Europe
7834:The New Cambridge Modern History. volume xii
7395:
7352:
7234:European Alliances and Alignments: 1871â1890
7026:European Alliances and Alignments: 1871â1890
6892:
6890:
6888:
6391:
5058:Hungary: Budapest (1887); Pressburg/Pozsony/
4127:
4072:
4066:
4042:
3905:
1533:, and the institutions were "only" Croatian.
1519:
1499:
1491:
1483:
1475:
1453:
1445:
1435:
1427:
1419:
1411:
1399:
1392:
1369:
1292:CsĂĄszĂĄri Ă©s KirĂĄlyi OsztrĂĄkâMagyar Monarchia
1271:
1161:on 28 July 1914. It was already effectively
141:
48:
13753:Maximilian Daublebsky Freiherr von Sterneck
13696:Maximilian Daublebsky Freiherr von Sterneck
12794:
11919:Themes in Modern European History 1830â1890
11845:
11553:
11533:Kann, Robert A.; et al., eds. (1977).
10665:War and Revolution in Yugoslavia: 1941â1945
10608:A History of the Habsburg Empire: 1526â1918
9087:
8615:
8468:
7814:Kann, Robert A.; et al., eds. (1977).
7737:
7574:A Diplomatic History of the First World War
7116:
6910:"The War of 1866 and the Undoing of Vienna"
6649:"Könyvszemle (Book review): Kozåri Monika:
3896:("Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen", or
3892:) in the western and northern half and the
3661:
3620:Russians ended their involvement in the war
3500:, with the nominal authority vested in the
3322:with military commanders during World War I
1574:
1509:, the lands of the Hungarian crown. In the
120:
18654:States and territories established in 1867
17719:
17705:
16111:
16097:
15463:
15449:
13969:
13955:
13185:
13171:
12770:
12756:
12530:
12516:
12080:
12066:
11456:GrĂĄtz, GusztĂĄv; SchĂŒller, Richard (1928).
11191:Steed, Henry Wickham; et al. (1914).
10713:
10658:
10617:
10485:
10389:, Morgenblatt. 24 August 1919. p. 2.
10098:"Deutschlandfunk â Essay und Diskurs"
9741:. Cambridge University Press. p. 80.
9188:
9163:
9147:"A magyarorszĂĄgi zsidĂłk a szĂĄmok tĂŒkrĂ©ben"
9075:
9063:
7859:The Russian Empire: A Multi-ethnic History
7762:. Cambridge University Press. p. 95.
7749:"AustriaâHungary's economy in World War I"
7705:The European Powers in the First World War
7430:
7038:
6831:on 27 March 2019 – via Google Books.
6619:
6340:
5719:Kingdoms and countries of AustriaâHungary
4057:Article 19 of the 1867 "Basic State Act" (
3907:Ministerrat fĂŒr gemeinsame Angelegenheiten
3534:
3414:
3384:
3186:is usually associated with the capture of
2860:was crushed by the Austrian military with
2827:
2813:
2052:
2038:
187:
174:
132:for 'Indivisibly and inseparably')
18669:1918 disestablishments in Austria-Hungary
11750:
11251:(1980) vol 7 DOI: 10.1163/187633080x00211
11050:The Grand Strategy of the Habsburg Empire
10916:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199541621.001.0001
10529:
10405:
10383:"Die amtliche Meldung ĂŒber den RĂŒcktritt"
10231:. Ddsg-blue-danube.at. 13 November 2006.
9402:
9393:
9384:
9105:From 45,5% to 50,4%. Randolph L. Braham:
8966:
8964:
8790:Wierzbieniec, WacĆaw (28 December 2021),
8400:
8292:
8174:
8091:
8076:
8056:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 4.
7971:. Harvard University Press. p. 399.
7963:
7623:
7597:
7465:
7442:
7304:. East European Monographs. p. 313.
6885:
5512:New borders of AustriaâHungary after the
5374:of the former AustroâHungarian monarchy:
4753:. The first Austrian stock exchange (the
4560:Literacy in Austria-Hungary (census 1880)
4539:Learn how and when to remove this message
4153:carrying what he claimed to be the whole
4049:ethnographic map of Austria-Hungary, 1885
3752:1918: Demise, disintegration, dissolution
3348:Archduke Friedrich von Ăsterreich-Teschen
3334:
3299:
3164:Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
3142:
2984:Bosnia and Herzegovina in Austria-Hungary
1552:Ăsterreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie/Reich
804:621,538 km (239,977 sq mi)
11796:(Rutledge, 1999) 1:60â63, historiography
11769:Recent Revelations of European Diplomacy
11728:
11707:. London: ShepheardâWalwyn. p. 416.
11702:
11504:The Dissolution of the Habsburg Monarchy
11358:
11337:
11256:"Who's Who â Emperor Franz Josef I"
11046:
10949:The Economic Rise of the Habsburg Empire
10870:
10335:
10310:
9410:The Economic Rise of the Habsburg Empire
9045:
9025:. Oxford University Press. p. 299.
8948:
8019:
7881:
7856:
7401:
7358:
7330:Reports Service: Southeast Europe series
6907:
6730:
6728:
6493:
6491:
6489:
6487:
6485:
6483:
5570:
5507:
5491:
5420:and his communist government during the
5357:
5260:
5248:
5153:
4911:
4881:
4724:
4712:
4607:
4555:
4351:
4332:
4116:
4037:
4029:
4021:
3921:Hungary and Austria maintained separate
3867:
3859:
3755:
3708:
3544:
3527:was the first significant action of the
3424:
3309:
3231:
3219:
3177:
2991:
2922:
1211:
179:
15243:
12332:Serbian-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic
11995:Heraldry of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
11446:
11214:The reign of the Emperor Fransis Joseph
11122:
10858:
10221:
10122:
10090:
9333:
8921:
8904:
8875:
8690:
8247:
8051:
7813:
7746:
7683:
7570:Zeman, Z.A.B. (ZbynÄk Anthony Bohuslav)
7553:
6938:
6882:Kann (1974); Sked (1989); Taylor (1964)
6810:
6497:
6226:Lands of the Bohemian Crown (1867â1918)
6206:Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I
5524: Border of AustriaâHungary in 1914
4187:in Hungary were obliged to ensure that
4145:as equal to their own. On one occasion
4121:Physical map of Austria-Hungary in 1914
4082:German nationalists, especially in the
3168:Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I
1207:
14:
18601:
16146:List of current non-sovereign monarchs
13574:Rudolf Stöger-Steiner von SteinstÀtten
12433:Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin
12035:Austro-Hungarian Land Forces 1848â1918
11489:
11007:(University of California Press, 1972)
10968:
10958:(Time Life, 2000); heavily illustrated
10833:
10796:
10774:"Analysis: Austria's troubled history"
10694:
10653:(2nd ed.). London: Penguin Books.
10641:
10548:
10507:(Revised ed.). Harper & Row.
10450:(1 ed.). ABC-CLIO. p. 1183.
10169:
10104:from the original on 14 September 2011
9888:from the original on 20 September 2013
9484:
9310:Language Planning and Policy in Europe
8970:
8961:
8755:Modern Humanities Research Association
8621:
8561:
8443:
8388:
8333:
8331:
8322:
8307:
8159:
7939:. Cambridge University Press. p.
7909:History of Modern Cremation in Romania
7886:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 235.
7731:
7702:
7220:
7023:
6867:
6172:Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin
6134:â western part of the Municipality of
5661:Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin
5458:
4761:) was opened in Budapest in 1864. The
4149:(Anastasius GrĂŒn) entered the Diet of
2891:of 1866 led to the dissolution of the
180:Austria-Hungary in 1914 on the eve of
17700:
16376:
16092:
15444:
13950:
13633:FML Josef Wilhelm Freiher von Gallina
13166:
12751:
12511:
12061:
11905:from the original on 22 February 2023
11693:
11498:
11480:
11385:
11294:
11190:
10905:
10740:
10682:from the original on 17 February 2024
10565:
10532:Ăsterreichische Verfassungsgeschichte
10393:from the original on 26 December 2015
10235:from the original on 2 September 2011
10143:
9973:from the original on 28 November 2009
9189:MĂŒhlberger, Kurt (27 February 2015).
9018:
8771:from the original on 14 November 2023
8586:from the original on 19 November 2023
8490:
8425:from the original on 10 November 2023
8363:
8116:
8006:
7991:
7906:
7828:
7568:
7535:
7471:
7270:
6863:
6861:
6735:
6725:
6653:: Modern magyar politikai rendszerek"
6527:Ăsterreichische Statistik, Neue Folge
6480:
6216:Former countries in Europe after 1815
6211:Ethnic composition of AustriaâHungary
5642:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
5482:
5244:
5185:Inland waterways and river regulation
4835:
3733:
3094:Imperial & Royal finance ministry
1270:). The Austrians also used the names
1252:), though in international relations
17726:
15470:
13857:Archduke Joseph Ferdinand of Austria
13558:Moritz Ritter Auffenberg von KomarĂłw
12462:Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia
12014:History of Austro-Hungarian currency
11872:
11799:
11574:
11532:
11513:
10629:
10603:
10584:
10464:from the original on 14 January 2023
10195:
10183:from the original on 7 December 2011
10021:
9313:. Multilingual Matters. p. 56.
9201:from the original on 1 December 2022
9178:from the original on 9 October 2022.
9126:from the original on 14 October 2012
8894:from the original on 9 October 2022.
8378:from the original on 14 August 2024.
8276:
8141:from the original on 27 January 2024
7517:from the original on 30 October 2004
7160:from the original on 19 January 2012
7088:
7086:
7084:
7082:
7080:
7078:
7076:
7039:Wheatcroft, Andrew (28 April 2009).
6896:
5479:, where he died the following year.
5189:The first Danubian steamer company,
4477:adding citations to reliable sources
4448:
4380:are sometimes viewed as a model for
1525:) ("Royal"), since according to the
13907:Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria
13604:Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen
12215:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
11921:(Routledge, 2002) pp. 141â176.
11690:(Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2020).
11673:(Columbia University Press, 1986);
11621:. Wien/Köln/Weimar: Böhlau Verlag.
9715:Die GroĂindustrie Böhmens 1848â1918
9466:from the original on 3 January 2014
8328:
7472:Kröll, Herbert (28 February 2008).
7406:. Purdue University Press. p.
7337:from the original on 3 October 2023
6841:
6835:
6811:Kotulla, Michael (17 August 2008).
6456:correspond to dialects of what the
6142:(E) and the township of Igalo (NE))
5634:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
5439:, who had been the last commanding
5427:In the summer of 1919, a Habsburg,
5343:
4301:
3808:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
3792:Czechoslovak provisional government
2952:Count Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust
2904:re-established Hungarian parliament
1581:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
1513:, the autonomous institutions used
1235:Ăsterreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie
1128:Transleithania (Kingdom of Hungary)
1083:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
208:Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen
50:Ăsterreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie
24:
16141:List of current sovereign monarchs
15715:Western European broadleaf forests
13594:Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen
13355:
13347:
13338:
12384:Galician Soviet Socialist Republic
11712:
11656:(Cambridge University Press 2021)
11560:. University of California Press.
11361:The Undermining of AustriaâHungary
11352:10.1111/j.1468-229X.1992.tb02392.x
11030:(Harvard University Press, 1951).
10765:
10350:
10311:Headlam, James Wycliffe (1911b). "
10127:. Theshipslist.com. Archived from
10003:from the original on 19 March 2022
9946:from the original on 12 March 2013
9602:from the original on 29 April 2014
9555:from the original on 11 March 2016
9551:(in Croatian). 28 September 2012.
9446:Norman Davies (24 February 2005).
8729:Robert Bideleux and Ian Jeffries,
8534:. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2003.
7363:On Prejudice: A Global Perspective
7104:from the original on 13 March 2012
6858:
6646:
5692:Galician Soviet Socialist Republic
5604:, ultimately transformed into the
5307:Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen
3704:
2869:Second Italian War of Independence
1560:OsztrĂĄkâMagyar Monarchia/Birodalom
1505:) ("Royal Hungarian") referred to
1184:, whereas the independence of the
123:Indivisibiliter ac inseparabiliter
27:1867â1918 empire in Central Europe
25:
18690:
13817:Archduke Joseph August of Austria
13647:Friedrich Graf von Beck-Rzikowsky
13584:Supreme Commander of the Imperial
11961:
11617:Rauchensteiner, Manfried (2014).
11424:The Fall of the House of Habsburg
11143:Emperor Francis Joseph Of Austria
11095:Oakes, Elizabeth and Eric Roman.
10799:Slavonic and East European Review
10784:from the original on 23 June 2011
10612:. University of California Press.
9577:. Stuttgart, Franz Steiner 2004,
9093:The World Reacts to the Holocaust
9000:SpicijariÄ PaĆĄkvan, Nina (2014).
8981:from the original on 1 March 2021
8841:from the original on 29 June 2024
8672:from the original on 15 June 2013
8570:Central European University Press
8252:. Yale University Press. p.
8187:from the original on 5 March 2023
8175:Shanafelt, Gary W. (April 1999).
8009:Slavonic and East European Review
7073:
7005:from the original on 8 April 2024
6920:from the original on 31 July 2021
6663:from the original on 28 July 2013
6609:. Franklin-TĂĄrsulat. p. 321.
6411:from the original on 5 March 2023
6351:. Wien-vienna.com. Archived from
6201:Diplomatic history of World War I
5575:Post-WWI borders on an ethnic map
5313:; the special armies, namely the
5191:Donaudampfschiffahrtsgesellschaft
4897:
4830:
4584:in 1364, while the third oldest (
3492:, envisioned by its authors as a
3306:Diplomatic history of World War I
3249:Count Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf
3012:" was composed in their honor by
2465:Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen
1463:was the term for institutions of
1223:The realm's official name was in
218:Condominium of Bosnia-Herzegovina
18674:1918 disestablishments in Europe
16659:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
13642:FML Anton Freiherr von Schönfeld
12629:Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia
12586:Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
12339:West Ukrainian People's Republic
11848:The Afterlife of AustriaâHungary
11262:from the original on 10 May 2009
11244:(East European Monographs, 1989)
11240:VĂĄrdy, Steven, and Agnes VĂĄrdy.
11116:
11083:from the original on 9 June 2023
10942:Historical Dictionary of Austria
10375:
10363:from the original on 5 June 2023
10298:
10275:
10247:
10062:
10015:
9985:
9958:
9932:
9909:
9900:
9874:
9865:
9856:
9846:
9837:
9820:
9802:
9775:
9755:
9728:
9707:
9698:
9689:
9680:
9671:
9636:
9588:
9567:
9508:
9478:
9439:
9429:
9414:
9369:
9360:
9327:
9300:
9274:
9248:
9182:
9166:"The numerus clausus in Hungary"
9157:
9138:
9112:
9099:
9081:
9039:
9012:
8993:
8942:
8915:
8898:
8869:
8823:
8812:from the original on 4 June 2024
8783:
8736:
8723:
8696:
7707:. Taylor & Francis. p.
7665:from the original on 26 May 2023
7556:Austrian Foreign Policy, 1908â18
7126:. 28 August 2009. Archived from
6736:Jayne, Kingsley Garland (1911).
6693:from the original on 16 May 2024
6564:from the original on 3 June 2023
6498:Headlam, James Wycliffe (1911).
6320:
6231:United States of Greater Austria
5724:
5672:West Ukrainian People's Republic
5629:Polish Soviet Socialist Republic
4904:Imperial Austrian State Railways
4777:, the fifth-largest in Europe.
4453:
4330:were fully assimilated by 1875.
4284:trialist Austro-Hungaro-Croatian
4183:As of June 1907, all public and
4006:United States of Greater Austria
3581:were halted on the river, where
3476:1916 was proclaimed then to the
2919:1866â1878: beyond Lesser Germany
2796:
2088:
2021:
1833:Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
1762:Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg
1609:
1417:(Navy) and, during the war, the
1089:and was dissolved shortly after
1032:
1018:
1004:
990:
976:
962:
948:
930:
916:
902:
873:
155:
91:
18614:Former countries in the Balkans
16136:Imperial, royal and noble ranks
13902:Gottfried Freiherr von Banfield
13566:Alexander Freiherr von Krobatin
12482:Romanian occupation of Pokuttia
12108:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
11036:Milward, Alan, and S. B. Saul.
11028:The Hapsburg Monarchy 1867â1914
10859:Cipolla, Carlo M., ed. (1973).
10503:Albrecht-Carrié, René (1973) .
10495:
8555:
8531:The New EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
8522:
8484:
8449:
8394:
8357:
8270:
8241:
8208:
8199:
8168:
8153:
8110:
8085:
8070:
8045:
8000:
7985:
7957:
7925:
7900:
7875:
7850:
7822:
7807:
7696:
7677:
7617:
7562:
7547:
7529:
7493:
7321:
7226:
7205:
7196:
7124:"Austria-Hungary - MSN Encarta"
7032:
7017:
6983:
6932:
6914:Oxford Public International Law
6901:
6876:
6804:
6773:
6756:
6675:
6651:A dualista rendszer (1867â1918)
6640:
6613:
6593:
6576:
6550:
6534:
6306:
6278:
5640:, both later absorbed into the
5619:, contested by the short-lived
5208:Lower Danube and the Iron Gates
4637:Major nationalities in Hungary
4464:needs additional citations for
3989:
3452:and the great fortress city of
3202:, in which Catholic Croats and
3184:arrest of a suspect in Sarajevo
1539:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy/Realm
1511:Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia
1149:Austria-Hungary was one of the
16118:
15670:Alps conifer and mixed forests
13892:Viktor Graf von Scheuchenstuel
13774:Adm Karl Kailer von Kaltenfels
13765:Rudolf Graf/Conte Montecuccoli
13708:Rudolf Graf/Conte Montecuccoli
13289:Imperial-Royal Mountain Troops
12388:(Russian Civil War spill over)
12089:Dissolution of Austria-Hungary
12019:AustriaâHungary, Dual Monarchy
11554:Katzenstein, Peter J. (1976).
11506:. University of Chicago Press.
11014:The Habsburg Empire, 1790â1918
10875:. University of Exeter Press.
10714:Williamson, Samuel R. (1991).
10029:. In Ćœupanek, Bernarda (ed.).
9965:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
8401:Cornelius, Deborah S. (2011).
8092:Cavallaro, Gaetano V. (2010).
6817:. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
6814:Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte
6739:"Bosnia and Herzegovina"
6659:(in Hungarian). p. 1542.
6518:
6423:
6367:
6259:
6243:
5422:HungarianâRomanian War of 1919
5227:
5149:
4604:Universities in Transleithania
3769:Dissolution of Austria-Hungary
3553:on 3 November 1918, after the
3391:Serbian Campaign (World War I)
3139:and precipitated World War I.
3137:assassinated the Austrian heir
2902:. On 20 March 1867, the newly
13:
1:
18659:1867 establishments in Europe
13614:Hermann Kövess von Kövesshåza
13194:Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces
11990:The Austro-Hungarian Military
11975:Habsburg Empire Austrian line
11802:The Journal of Modern History
11782:detailed contemporary account
11426:(Viking, 1963). pp. 449.
11388:The Journal of Modern History
10668:. Stanford University Press.
9655:(in Croatian). Archived from
8364:Giant, Tibor (October 1996).
8029:. History.com. Archived from
7935:; O'Rourke, Kevin H. (2010).
7747:Schulze, Max-Stephan (2005).
7476:. Studienverlag. p. 55.
7404:Serbia's Great War, 1914â1918
6333:
5700:Principality of Liechtenstein
5488:Immediately after World War I
5469:regain the throne in Budapest
5389:Hungarian Democratic Republic
5297:Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces
5009:, Jablonec nad Nisou (1900);
4878:Electronic audio broadcasting
4769:. According to a 2005 study,
3864:Hungarian Parliament building
3856:Government of Austria-Hungary
3849:
3844:Hungarian Democratic Republic
3573:marched his army towards the
3510:Armistice of 11 November 1918
3116:The principal players in the
3105:, made the Emperor's nephew,
2405:RĂĄkĂłczi's War of Independence
2370:Principality of Upper Hungary
2170:Hungarian invasions of Europe
1527:CroatianâHungarian Settlement
1136:CroatianâHungarian Settlement
942:Other territorial successors:
488:Minister-President of Austria
314:German, Hungarian, Croatian,
17787:Principality of Transylvania
16151:List of monarchy referendums
12010:, ministers, and ambassadors
11943:
11275:
11205:Sugar, Peter F. et al. eds.
10871:Cornwall, Mark, ed. (2002).
10549:Bridge, Francis Roy (1972).
9942:. Bkv.hu. 22 November 1918.
9940:"The History of BKV, Part 1"
9717:, MĂŒnchen: Oldenbourg 1987,
9421:Max-Stephan Schulze (1996).
9256:"Miskolc and the University"
8953:(in Romanian). Vol. 9.
8951:Dialectele romĂąne din Istria
8477: â Compromise of 1867,
8456:The 1918 Karl's proclamation
8341:. Mfa.gov.hu. Archived from
7768:10.1017/CBO9780511497339.002
7760:The Economics of World War I
6099:Austro-Hungarian Condominium
4864:
4840:
4825:Second Industrial Revolution
4773:in 1913 was 105,515 million
4552:Universities in Cisleithania
4444:
4225:Charles University in Prague
4045:Meyers Konversations-Lexikon
3872:Austrian Parliament building
3456:and fell in March 1915. The
3354:
3067:League of the Three Emperors
2858:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
2415:Principality of Transylvania
2340:Principality of Transylvania
153:: God preserve, God protect)
144:Gott erhalte, Gott beschĂŒtze
7:
18649:Hungary under Habsburg rule
18624:Former monarchies of Europe
17822:Interwar Kingdom of Hungary
15643:Military history of Austria
15633:Allied-administered Austria
13976:
13747:Friedrich Freiherr von Pöck
13741:VAdm Wilhelm von Tegetthoff
13690:Friedrich Freiherr von Pöck
13684:VAdm Wilhelm von Tegetthoff
13666:Arthur Arz von StrauĂenburg
13652:Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf
13515:Bylandt-Rheydt (der Ăltere)
13294:Imperial and Royal Dragoons
13265:Imperial and Royal Infantry
12671:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
12422:and Transylvania to Romania
11718:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.
11539:. East European Quarterly.
11147:New York: Macmillan, 1929.
11130:. In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.).
11016:, New York, Macmillan 1969.
10910:. Oxford University Press.
10530:Brauneder, Wilhelm (2009).
10447:Encyclopedia of World War I
10123:Swiggum, Sue (3 May 2008).
9528:"Google Drive â MegtekintĆ"
8876:NicoarÄ, VincenÈiu (1890).
8866:, Zagreb, 1958, p. 132â133.
8798:, Brill, pp. 283â351,
8125:Kent State University Press
8077:Schindler, John R. (2001).
7443:Schindler, John R. (2007).
7271:Smith, David James (2010).
7028:(2nd ed.). p. 20.
7024:Langer, William L. (1950).
6178:
5676:Ukrainian People's Republic
5611:First Czechoslovak Republic
5453:restored Kingdom of Hungary
5290:
4968:Tramway lines in the cities
4817:economic and monetary union
4280:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
4002:Trialism in Austria-Hungary
3541:Italian Front (World War I)
3421:Eastern Front (World War I)
3226:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
3200:Anti-Serb riots of Sarajevo
2929:Austro-Hungarian occupation
2620:Hungarian People's Republic
2555:Governorate of Subcarpathia
2495:Hungarian People's Republic
2225:Personal union with Croatia
1186:First Czechoslovak Republic
1132:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
10:
18695:
18634:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
13759:Hermann Freiherr von Spaun
13702:Hermann Freiherr von Spaun
13299:Imperial and Royal Hussars
13218:Imperial Austrian Landwehr
12734:Concession zone in Tianjin
12676:Fiume and its surroundings
12477:HungarianâCzechoslovak War
12243:Republic of German-Austria
12225:Italian Regency of Carnaro
12174:Berthelot-ApĂĄthy Agreement
12133:1920 Carinthian plebiscite
11879:European History Quarterly
11846:KoĆŒuchowski, Adam (2013).
11830:European History Quarterly
11720:Austro-Hungarian red book.
11490:Herweg, Holger H. (2009).
11447:Dedijer, Vladimir (1966).
11431:American Historical Review
11279:
11231:American Historical Review
10969:Judson, Pieter M. (2016).
10834:Bagger, Eugene S. (1927).
10695:Watson, Alexander (2014).
10623:The Army of Francis Joseph
10283:The Army of Francis Joseph
10179:. Aeiou.at. 31 July 2001.
9494:. Routledge. p. 151.
9120:"Hungary â Social Changes"
8922:Zbuchea, Gheorghe (1999).
8052:Burgwyn, H. James (1997).
7882:Cirkovic, Sima M. (2008).
7861:. Routledge. p. 287.
7857:Kappeler, Andreas (2014).
7830:Mowat, C.L. (Charles Loch)
7447:. Zenith Imprint. p.
7359:Gioseffi, Daniela (1993).
6908:Lesaffer, Randall (2021).
6848:. In Baynes, T. S. (ed.).
6168:People's Republic of China
5713:
5347:
5294:
4929:Railways in Transleithania
4901:
4709:Economy of Austria-Hungary
4706:
4702:
4437:as minister of trade, and
4112:Count Kasimir Felix Badeni
3999:
3993:
3853:
3840:Republic of German Austria
3766:
3668:Romania during World War I
3665:
3538:
3442:Supreme National Committee
3418:
3388:
3358:
3338:
3303:
3171:
3157:
3153:
3146:
3101:(1867), and his only son,
2977:
2245:Mongol invasion of Hungary
1856:Republic of German-Austria
1664:Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy
1578:
1569:
1053:, also referred to as the
29:
18644:Modern history of Hungary
18639:Modern history of Austria
18528:
18365:
18284:Universities and colleges
18258:
18249:
18155:
18146:
18032:
18023:
17938:
17929:
17855:
17747:
17738:
17563:
17472:
17186:
16949:
16883:
16695:
16686:
16582:
16564:
16496:
16411:
16369:
16301:
16215:
16159:
16126:
16050:
15968:
15895:
15886:
15829:
15820:
15741:
15732:
15660:
15651:
15482:
15412:
15364:
14881:
14285:
13984:
13797:Archduke Eugen of Austria
13789:
13731:
13674:
13622:
13582:
13473:
13450:
13443:
13418:
13366:
13336:
13304:Imperial and Royal Uhlans
13233:Royal Croatian Home Guard
13200:
13146:
13079:
12971:
12967:
12866:
12790:
12692:
12656:
12546:
12442:
12406:
12309:
12291:Hungarian Soviet Republic
12278:
12235:
12202:
12154:Armistice of Villa Giusti
12146:
12095:
11787:Historiography and memory
11589:10.1017/S0008938900016435
11460:. Yale University Press.
11433:122.4 (2017): 1105â1136.
11316:10.1017/S0067237800020427
11304:Austrian History Yearbook
11209:(1990), pp. 252â294.
11040:(1977) pp. 271â331.
11011:Macartney, Carlile Aylmer
10724:10.1007/978-1-349-21163-0
10625:, Purdue University Press
10566:DĆŸaja, SreÄko M. (1994).
10418:The Columbia Encyclopedia
9549:"Telegraph Vienna-Zagreb"
9378:The Publisher, Volume 133
9091:; Rosenzveig, Charles H.
8248:Bassett, Richard (2015).
8160:Torrey, Glenn E. (1998).
7758:; Harrison, Mark (eds.).
7648:10.1017/S0018246X00013935
7402:MitroviÄ, Andrej (2007).
7248:The last courts of Europe
6953:10.1017/S000893890001476X
6161:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
6159:Other possessions of the
5598:Hungarian Soviet Republic
5416:. Romanian troops ousted
5414:Hungarian Soviet Republic
5305:was under the command of
4640:Rate of literacy in 1910
4288:Archduke Leopold Salvator
3798:signed by members of the
3648:Battle of the Piave river
3639:Vittorio Emanuele Orlando
3610:ensued (analogous to the
3555:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
3274:Herr von Bethmann Hollweg
3122:Alois Lexa von Aehrenthal
3075:SandĆŸak-RaĆĄka / Novibazar
3000:(31%), were drafted into
2610:Second Hungarian Republic
2505:Hungarian Soviet Republic
2455:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
2310:Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
1277:
1250:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
1249:
1167:armistice of Villa Giusti
1081:: it was formed with the
852:
825:
815:
808:
800:
795:
791:
778:
761:
748:
735:
722:
709:
696:
683:
670:
657:
653:
632:
606:
580:
575:Two national legislatures
570:
566:
554:
544:âą 1867â1871 (first)
542:
538:
530:Prime Minister of Hungary
528:
524:
512:
500:
496:
486:
482:
470:
458:
454:
444:
432:
422:
374:
310:
279:
271:
240:
171:
136:
116:
88:
83:
43:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
41:
32:AustriaâHungary relations
18263:Anti-Hungarian sentiment
17943:Administrative divisions
16288:Self-proclaimed monarchy
15665:Administrative divisions
15613:Federal State of Austria
13887:Viktor Dankl von Krasnik
13511:(FZM) Arthur Maximilian
12492:Uprising in West Hungary
12364:Slovak People's Republic
12322:Banat, BaÄka and Baranja
12286:First Hungarian Republic
11891:10.1177/0265691410386424
11694:Wawro, Geoffrey (2014).
11663:12 December 2022 at the
11577:Central European History
10940:Fichtner, Paula Sutter.
10906:Evans, R. J. W. (2008).
10741:Zovko, Ljubomir (2007).
10655:; politics and diplomacy
10604:Kann, Robert A. (1974).
10260:The Statesman's Yearbook
10203:"Wörthersee Schifffahrt"
10177:"Ăsterreichischer Lloyd"
10075:The Statesman's Yearbook
9334:Barcsay, Thomas (1991).
9241:27 February 2024 at the
9107:The Politics of Genocide
8949:Popovici, Iosif (1914).
8905:Weigand, Gustav (1892).
8409:Fordham University Press
7703:Tucker, Spencer (1996).
7367:. Anchor Books. p.
7202:Gooch, 1936, pp 366-438.
6941:Central European History
6236:
6185:Aftermath of World War I
6085:Poland (Polish parts of
6074:(autonomous province of
5904:Poland (voivodeships of
5613:, later "Czechoslovakia"
5594:First Hungarian Republic
5463:Austria had passed the "
5176:. The M1 line became an
4908:Hungarian State Railways
4433:as minister of finance,
4425:as Minister of Justice,
4274:(1859â1878) and Serbia.
3817:On 17 October 1918, the
3812:a large South Slav state
3662:Romanian front 1916â1917
3480:jointly by the Emperors
3458:GorliceâTarnĂłw Offensive
2650:Third Hungarian Republic
1927:Second Austrian Republic
1876:Federal State of Austria
1575:Formation and background
1401:kaiserlich und königlich
1245:OsztrĂĄkâMagyar Monarchia
1169:on 3 November 1918. The
1085:in the aftermath of the
833:Gulden / florin
624:House of Representatives
107:Flags of Austria-Hungary
66:OsztrĂĄkâMagyar Monarchia
18171:Hungarian National Bank
17802:Austro-Hungarian Empire
16556:Vatican City (Holy See)
15700:Pannonian mixed forests
15603:First Austrian Republic
13807:Eduard von Böhm-Ermolli
13778:Adm Maximilian Njegovan
13718:Adm Maximilian Njegovan
13638:Franz Freiherr von John
13487:Franz Freiherr von John
12467:PolishâCzechoslovak War
12359:Republic of Heinzenland
12270:First Austrian Republic
11873:Kwan, Jonathan (2011).
11752:2027/mdp.39015004037399
11703:Zametica, John (2017).
11481:Healy, Maureen (2007).
11359:Cornwall, Mark (2000).
11295:Boyer, John W. (2003).
11258:. First World War.com.
11133:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
11124:Pribram, Alfred Francis
10322:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
10229:"DDSG Blue Danube GmbH"
10031:Emona: Myth and Reality
9917:Europe Review 2003/2004
9884:. beyondtheforest.com.
9782:IvĂĄn T. Berend (2003).
9008:(in Croatian): 345â358.
8971:Burada, Teodor (1896).
8717:10.1163/187633080X00202
8562:BalĂĄzs, Ăva H. (1997).
8479:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
8162:Romania and World War I
8117:Lowry, Bullitt (2000).
7992:Healy, Maureen (2007).
7686:East European Quarterly
7554:Pribram, A. F. (1923).
7273:One Morning in Sarajevo
7043:. Basic Books. p.
6999:Encyclopedia Britannica
6851:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
6749:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
6511:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
6501:"Austria-Hungary"
6468:was also known by many.
6431:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
6404:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
5912:, southernmost part of
5354:Treaty of Saint Germain
4759:Budapest Stock Exchange
4574:Jagiellonian University
4570:H.R. Emperor Charles IV
4346:Neolog Jewish community
4102:(TurĂłcszentmĂĄrton) and
4100:TurÄiansky SvĂ€tĂœ Martin
3900:) in the eastern half.
3535:Italian front 1915â1918
3525:Battle of Zborov (1917)
3415:Russian front 1914â1917
3385:Serbian front 1914â1916
3245:Count Leopold Berchtold
2699:History of Transylvania
2205:Principality of Hungary
1922:Allied-occupied Austria
1861:First Austrian Republic
1175:First Austrian Republic
1063:constitutional monarchy
1061:, was a multi-national
1055:Austro-Hungarian Empire
766:Treaty of Saint-Germain
439:Constitutional monarchy
280:Official languages
18327:International rankings
18202:Science and technology
18082:Chief of General Staff
17777:OttomanâHungarian wars
16838:Islands of Refreshment
16268:Legitimacy (political)
15573:Siege of Vienna (1529)
15553:Margraviate of Austria
13586:and Royal Armed Forces
13547:General der Infanterie
13499:General der Kavallerie
13360:
13352:
13343:
13228:Royal Hungarian Honvéd
13148:Bosnia and Herzegovina
12702:Bosnia and Herzegovina
12619:Margraviate of Moravia
12472:HungarianâRomanian War
12379:Slovak Soviet Republic
12349:Republic of Tarnobrzeg
12258:Bohemian Forest Region
12164:HodĆŸa-Bartha Agreement
12138:1921 Sopron plebiscite
12128:Paris Peace Conference
11951:
11935:31 August 2018 at the
11832:48.3 (2018): 516â533.
11774:Steed, Henry Wickham.
11059:10.23943/9781400889969
10619:Rothenberg, Gunther E.
10421:. 2012. Archived from
9926:14 August 2024 at the
9573:Kiesewetter, Herbert:
8294:10.14296/RiH/2014/1846
7907:Rotar, Marius (2013).
6868:Laszlo, PĂ©ter (2011).
6647:SzĂĄvai, Ferenc Tibor.
6586:, p. 295. Peter Lang (
6582:Schulze, Max-Stephan.
6301:
6293:
6195:Corporative federalism
6106:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5916:(Bielsko and Cieszyn))
5891:and small portions of
5617:Second Polish Republic
5576:
5568:
5564:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5505:
5429:Archduke Joseph August
5367:
5272:
5258:
5159:
5082:(1900); Szatmårnémeti/
4917:
4887:
4782:gross national product
4738:
4722:
4613:
4580:by the King of Poland
4561:
4441:as minister of trade.
4378:Christian Social Party
4365:
4349:
4258:in the crown lands of
4201:The Balkans, 1804â1999
4128:
4122:
4079:
4073:
4068:landesĂŒbliche Sprachen
4067:
4050:
4043:
4035:
4027:
3947:
3906:
3873:
3865:
3825:, seized power in the
3764:
3718:
3562:
3518:Second Polish Republic
3433:
3361:Hungary in World War I
3335:Theaters of operations
3323:
3300:Wartime foreign policy
3278:
3240:
3239:armoured train in 1914
3229:
3191:
3143:1914â1918: World War I
3017:
2948:Lesser German Solution
2940:Peace of Prague (1866)
2931:
2887:) while defeat in the
1724:Margraviate of Austria
1559:
1551:
1520:
1500:
1492:
1484:
1476:
1454:
1446:
1436:
1428:
1420:
1412:
1400:
1393:
1381:
1370:
1345:
1341:
1327:
1323:
1309:
1305:
1291:
1287:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1243:
1233:
1220:
1190:Second Polish Republic
142:
121:
65:
49:
18585:48.20750°N 16.36500°E
17772:Late Medieval Kingdom
17767:High Medieval Kingdom
16649:Saint Kitts and Nevis
16238:Criticism of monarchy
16228:Abolition of monarchy
15389:Medieval great powers
13359:
13351:
13342:
13255:Military Intelligence
13208:Austro-Hungarian Army
12374:Republic of Prekmurje
12159:Armistice of Belgrade
11967:Articles relating to
11776:The Hapsburg monarchy
11652:Tunstall, Graydon A.
11440:16 March 2023 at the
11369:10.1057/9780230286351
11280:Further information:
11233:23.3 (1918): 577â595
11184:5 August 2021 at the
11047:Mitchell, A. (2018).
11003:Johnston, William M.
10979:10.4159/9780674969346
10811:10.1353/see.2009.0004
10585:Hoke, Rudolf (1996).
9145:LĂĄszlĂł SebĆk (2012).
9122:. Countrystudies.us.
9053:. Norton. p. 60.
9019:Vital, David (1999).
8372:University of Warwick
7250:. Dent. p. 247.
6302:AusztriaâMagyarorszĂĄg
5893:Friuli-Venezia Giulia
5674:(later absorbed into
5574:
5536: Borders in 1920
5530: Borders in 1914
5511:
5495:
5401:Saint-Germain-en-Laye
5399:The 1919 Treaties of
5370:There were two legal
5361:
5338:Austro-Hungarian Navy
5303:Austro-Hungarian Army
5278:Kaiser Franz Joseph I
5264:
5255:Kaiser Franz Joseph I
5252:
5157:
4915:
4885:
4821:Industrial Revolution
4728:
4716:
4611:
4582:Casimir III the Great
4559:
4355:
4336:
4120:
4063:
4041:
4033:
4025:
3975:constitutional crisis
3871:
3863:
3759:
3743:Austrians viewed the
3712:
3548:
3454:PrzemyĆl was besieged
3428:
3397:Imperial Russian Army
3313:
3304:Further information:
3269:
3235:
3223:
3181:
3174:Causes of World War I
3172:Further information:
3031:Treaty of San Stefano
3006:Austro-Hungarian Army
2995:
2926:
2913:Holy Crown of Hungary
2846:Treaty of Passarowitz
2724:Transylvanian Princes
2575:Revisions of Délvidék
2360:Wesselényi conspiracy
2140:Kingdom of the Gepids
1268:Ausztria-MagyarorszĂĄg
1215:
1194:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
1138:in 1868. After 1878,
311:Common languages
18516:World Heritage Sites
18388:Palaces and mansions
17752:Hungarian prehistory
16481:United Arab Emirates
15720:World Heritage Sites
15563:Archduchy of Austria
15399:European colonialism
15384:Ancient great powers
13842:Karol Durski-Trzaska
13802:Franz Rohr von Denta
13782:RAdm Franz von Holub
13770:Grand Adm Anton Haus
13713:Grand Adm Anton Haus
13483:Feldmarschalleutnant
12721:(de facto 1878â1908)
12718:Sanjak of Novi Pazar
12645:County of Vorarlberg
12597:Gorizia and Gradisca
12556:Archduchy of Austria
12457:PolishâUkrainian War
12317:Republic of Zakopane
12263:German South Moravia
12103:Treaty of Versailles
11839:5 March 2023 at the
11680:5 March 2023 at the
11610:5 March 2023 at the
11514:Jung, Peter (2003).
11449:The Road to Sarajevo
11333:on 11 February 2020.
11207:A History of Hungary
11163:Rudolph, Richard L.
10973:. pp. 264â436.
10747:University of Mostar
10413:"Trianon, Treaty of"
10281:Gunther Rothenburg,
10024:"Sustained Interest"
10022:Ćœmuc, Irena (2010).
9596:"TelegrĂĄf â Lexikon"
9153:on 20 February 2015.
8887:(in Romanian): 3â9.
8860:BudisavljeviÄ, SrÄan
8491:Roman, Eric (2009).
8461:8 March 2021 at the
8277:Uyar, Mesut (2015).
7795:on 29 September 2018
7605:. pp. 139â148.
7191:Albrecht-Carrié 1973
7179:Albrecht-Carrié 1973
7141:Albrecht-Carrié 1973
7068:Albrecht-Carrié 1973
6995:"History of Austria"
6146:SandĆŸak-RaĆĄka region
5919:Ukraine (oblasts of
5445:Grand Trianon Palace
5237:floods in the area.
5017:(1902); BudÄjovice,
4973:Horse-drawn tramways
4743:Technological change
4586:University of Vienna
4473:improve this article
4429:as Minister of War,
4193:spheres of influence
3925:, each with its own
3819:Hungarian Parliament
3635:coalition government
3616:Bolshevik Revolution
3529:Czechoslovak Legions
3488:out of territory of
3182:This picture of the
3010:Die Bosniaken kommen
2893:German Confederation
2425:Hungarian Reform Era
2105:Hungarian prehistory
1810:German Confederation
1795:Archduchy of Austria
1455:kaiserlich-königlich
1208:Name and terminology
1177:were treated as its
1110:At its core was the
817:âą 1910 estimate
502:âą 1867 (first)
18581: /
17677:Trinidad and Tobago
17564:Commonwealth realms
17449:United Baltic Duchy
16592:Antigua and Barbuda
16584:Commonwealth realms
16278:Order of succession
15954:freedom of religion
15541:Ostrogothic Kingdom
15394:Modern great powers
13852:Tadeusz Rozwadowski
13675:Commanders-in-Chief
13660:Blasius von Schemua
13495:Kuhn von Kuhnenfeld
12581:Kingdom of Dalmatia
12220:Free State of Fiume
12040:28 May 2014 at the
11856:10.2307/j.ctt7zw9vt
11646:1 June 2022 at the
11637:Histoire@ Politique
11422:Crankshaw, Edward.
11249:East Central Europe
10971:The Habsburg Empire
10961:Jelavich, Barbara.
10780:. 3 February 2000.
10425:on 28 December 2008
9348:on 17 November 2014
9288:on 19 November 2012
8705:East Central Europe
8668:. Verfassungen.de.
8499:Infobase Publishing
8446:, pp. 542â556.
8391:, pp. 541â542.
8325:, pp. 536â540.
7933:Broadberry, Stephen
7756:Broadberry, Stephen
7543:. pp. 420â430.
7236:pp. 138, 155â6, 163
7223:, pp. 338â339.
7143:, pp. 201â214.
6842:Kay, David (1878).
6620:Eric Roman (2003).
6355:on 23 November 2011
6048:Romania (region of
6041:Ukraine (oblast of
5945:Montenegro (bay of
5938:Romania (county of
5889:province of Belluno
5720:
5625:Tarnobrzeg Republic
5588:Republic of Austria
5459:Habsburg banishment
5409:Republic of Austria
5383:Republic of Austria
5270:Kingdom of Dalmatia
5174:World Heritage Site
5090:(1905); Nagyszeben/
4990:Austrian Littoral:
4633:
4396:could ignite other
4356:Orthodox Jews from
4340:Great Synagogue in
4238:and in the eastern
4174:Laibach (Ljubljana)
4104:KlĂĄĆĄtor pod Znievom
3677:Romania (including
3596:punitive expedition
3467:revolutions of 1917
3247:and Army Commander
2964:Franco-Prussian war
2942:which settled the "
2936:Austro-Prussian war
2889:Austro-Prussian War
2850:revolutions of 1848
2565:Second Vienna Award
2150:Ostrogothic Kingdom
1789:Early modern period
1669:Ostrogothic Kingdom
1485:königlich-ungarisch
1413:k.u.k. Kriegsmarine
1105:Bosnian Condominium
1087:Austro-Prussian War
556:âą 1918 (last)
514:âą 1918 (last)
352:Romani (Carpathian)
18590:48.20750; 16.36500
18466:Hungarian language
18317:Hungarian diaspora
18217:Telecommunications
17842:Revolution of 1956
17797:Revolution of 1848
15864:Telecommunications
15608:Austrian Civil War
15588:Congress of Vienna
15583:March Constitution
15502:Kingdom of Noricum
13361:
13353:
13344:
13238:42nd Inf. Division
12666:Kingdom of Hungary
12571:Duchy of Carinthia
12561:Kingdom of Bohemia
12487:Silesian Uprisings
12301:Kingdom of Hungary
12296:Hungarian Republic
11926:Histoire Politique
11518:. Bloomsbury USA.
11287:Bassett, Richard.
11023:(Routledge, 2014).
10637:. London: Longman.
10050:on 5 November 2013
9969:. whc.unesco.org.
9713:Brousek; Karl M.:
8955:Halle an der Saale
8835:www.britannica.com
8746:The Austrian Lyric
8465:. British Library.
8374:. pp. 81â82.
8284:Reviews in History
7636:Historical Journal
7558:. pp. 68â128.
7537:Clark, Christopher
7193:, p. 259â272.
7130:on 28 August 2009.
6687:www.britannica.com
6441:as "Gypsies"; the
6384:6 May 2023 at the
6221:Hungarian nobility
5967:Kingdom of Hungary
5901:(Dalmatia, Istria)
5808:Kingdom of Hungary
5718:
5606:Kingdom of Hungary
5602:Hungarian Republic
5586:(which became the
5577:
5569:
5554:Kingdom of Hungary
5506:
5483:Territorial legacy
5393:Kingdom of Hungary
5381:(which became the
5368:
5273:
5259:
5245:Shipping and ports
5232:The length of the
5160:
5094:(1905); NagyvĂĄrad/
5028:(Troppau) (1905),
5024:Austrian Silesia:
5001:, Olomouc (1899);
4918:
4888:
4871:telephone exchange
4836:Telecommunications
4813:division of labour
4739:
4723:
4631:
4618:Louis I of Hungary
4614:
4598:University of LwĂłw
4566:Charles University
4562:
4419:Kingdom of Hungary
4366:
4350:
4266:(today's northern
4159:Slovene literature
4147:Count A. Auersperg
4123:
4051:
4036:
4028:
3894:Kingdom of Hungary
3878:Compromise of 1867
3874:
3866:
3800:Yugoslav Committee
3765:
3734:Analysis of defeat
3719:
3579:Royal Italian Army
3563:
3549:Italian troops in
3496:controlled by the
3463:Brusilov Offensive
3434:
3324:
3241:
3230:
3192:
3126:Alexander Izvolsky
3071:Reinsurance Treaty
3059:defensive alliance
3018:
2980:Congress of Berlin
2932:
2885:Parma and Piacenza
2803:Hungary portal
2704:Hungarian language
2694:History of Hungary
2630:Revolution of 1956
2545:First Vienna Award
2535:Kingdom of Hungary
2515:Hungarian Republic
2435:Revolution of 1848
2380:Kingdom of Hungary
2255:Kingdom of Hungary
2215:Kingdom of Hungary
2180:Hungarian conquest
2028:Austria portal
1904:National Socialism
1777:Duchy of Carinthia
1729:House of Babenberg
1635:Kingdom of Noricum
1407:Imperial and Royal
1273:k. u. k. Monarchie
1221:
1198:Kingdom of Romania
1171:Kingdom of Hungary
1071:Emperor of Austria
752:Hungarian Republic
713:Invasion of Serbia
18:Austrian-Hungarian
18629:Habsburg monarchy
18564:
18563:
18524:
18523:
18307:Human trafficking
18245:
18244:
18142:
18141:
18106:Political parties
18052:Foreign relations
18019:
18018:
17925:
17924:
17837:People's Republic
17817:Treaty of Trianon
17694:
17693:
17690:
17689:
17379:Piedmont-Sardinia
17131:Sip Song Chau Tai
16941:Thirteen Colonies
16682:
16681:
16086:
16085:
16046:
16045:
15882:
15881:
15816:
15815:
15808:Political parties
15761:Foreign relations
15728:
15727:
15638:History of Vienna
15568:Habsburg monarchy
15492:Hallstatt culture
15438:
15437:
15360:
15359:
15325:PolishâLithuanian
14500:Gurjara-Pratihara
13944:
13943:
13940:
13939:
13812:Svetozar BoroeviÄ
13723:Adm MiklĂłs Horthy
13475:Ministers for War
13160:
13159:
13142:
13141:
12963:
12962:
12862:
12861:
12778:Elections in the
12745:
12744:
12726:Carpathian passes
12681:Military Frontier
12624:Duchy of Salzburg
12591:Austrian Littoral
12576:Duchy of Carniola
12566:Duchy of Bukovina
12505:
12504:
12497:Battle of Budaörs
12427:Austrian Littoral
12402:
12401:
12344:Komancza Republic
12118:Treaty of Trianon
11928:1 (2014): 16â49.
11865:978-0-822-97917-3
11792:Boyd, Kelly, ed.
11639:1 (2014): 16â49.
11628:978-3-205-79588-9
11567:978-0-520-02945-3
11378:978-1-349-42240-1
11212:Tschuppik, Karl.
11140:Redlich, Joseph.
11128:"Austrian Empire"
11068:978-1-400-88996-9
10988:978-0-674-96934-6
10925:978-0-199-54162-1
10756:978-9-958-92712-6
10733:978-0-333-42081-2
10706:978-0-4650-9488-2
10675:978-0-804-77924-1
10541:978-3-214-14876-8
10457:978-1-851-09420-2
10387:Neue Freie Presse
10255:John Scott-Keltie
10157:on 30 August 2011
10131:on 1 October 2011
10070:John Scott-Keltie
10040:978-9-616-50920-6
9999:. 31 March 2020.
9795:978-0-520-23299-0
9748:978-1-139-48951-5
9723:978-3-486-51871-9
9598:. Kislexikon.hu.
9501:978-1-135-91768-5
9459:978-0-199-25340-1
9320:978-1-853-59811-1
9231:, 9781317118442.
9032:978-0-198-21980-4
8957:. pp. 21â32.
8935:978-9-739-89188-2
8805:978-90-04-50161-4
8541:978-0-852-29961-6
8508:978-0-816-07469-3
8411:. pp. 9â10.
8263:978-0-300-17858-6
8234:978-0-313-38370-0
8219:. Bonn, Germany:
8103:978-1-4010-8426-4
8063:978-0-275-94877-1
7978:978-0-674-06319-8
7950:978-1-139-48951-5
7918:978-1-4438-4542-7
7893:978-1-405-14291-5
7868:978-1-317-56810-0
7843:978-0-521-04551-3
7777:978-0-521-85212-8
7718:978-0-8153-0399-2
7483:978-3-706-54526-6
7458:978-1-616-73964-5
7417:978-1-557-53477-4
7378:978-0-385-46938-8
7311:978-0-880-33217-0
7282:978-0-297-85608-5
7257:978-0-460-04519-3
7156:. Mount HolyOak.
7054:978-0-786-74454-1
6824:978-3-540-48707-4
6433:(1878), although
6294:Ăsterreich-Ungarn
6249:Including 64â66%
6190:Austrian nobility
6108:(the villages of
5835:Empire of Austria
5827:
5826:
5736:Empire of Austria
5688:Komancza Republic
5657:Republic of China
5638:Kingdom of Serbia
5596:which became the
5544:Empire of Austria
5514:Treaty of Trianon
5498:Treaty of Trianon
5364:Treaty of Trianon
5350:Treaty of Trianon
5315:Austrian Landwehr
5074:(1897); TemesvĂĄr/
5062:(1895); Szabadka/
4942:commuter railways
4747:industrialization
4700:
4699:
4588:) was founded by
4568:) was founded by
4549:
4548:
4541:
4523:
4488:"Austria-Hungary"
4398:ethnic minorities
4139:official language
4059:Staatsgrundgesetz
3836:Heinrich Lammasch
3796:Corfu Declaration
3761:Karl I of Austria
3486:Kingdom of Poland
3474:Act of 5 November
3450:Battle of Lemberg
3430:Siege of PrzemyĆl
3377:By summer 1918, "
3341:Theater (warfare)
3039:Benjamin Disraeli
2956:Otto von Bismarck
2938:was ended by the
2837:
2836:
2668:
2667:
2640:Goulash Communism
2593:
2592:
2525:Treaty of Trianon
2388:
2387:
2273:
2272:
2188:
2187:
2062:
2061:
1886:Ostmark (Austria)
1757:Holy Roman Empire
1752:House of Habsburg
1734:Privilegium Minus
1681:Early Middle Ages
1626:Hallstatt culture
1296:Danubian Monarchy
1278:k. u. k. monarchy
1264:Ăsterreich-Ungarn
1159:Kingdom of Serbia
1079:Habsburg monarchy
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
896:Legal successors:
886:
885:
782:Treaty of Trianon
773:10 September 1919
739:Austrian Republic
619:House of Magnates
598:House of Deputies
519:Heinrich Lammasch
472:âą 1916â1918
460:âą 1867â1916
165:
16:(Redirected from
18686:
18679:Christian states
18596:
18595:
18593:
18592:
18591:
18586:
18582:
18579:
18578:
18577:
18574:
18544:
18537:
18435:
18428:
18421:
18414:
18390:
18383:
18286:
18256:
18255:
18193:
18173:
18153:
18152:
18132:
18118:
18030:
18029:
17995:
17988:
17981:
17953:Cities and towns
17936:
17935:
17782:Habsburg Kingdom
17745:
17744:
17721:
17714:
17707:
17698:
17697:
17618:Irish Free State
17384:PolandâLithuania
16693:
16692:
16644:Papua New Guinea
16374:
16373:
16113:
16106:
16099:
16090:
16089:
16066:
16059:
15893:
15892:
15827:
15826:
15739:
15738:
15658:
15657:
15558:Duchy of Austria
15465:
15458:
15451:
15442:
15441:
15241:
15240:
14906:Austro-Hungarian
14606:Chagatai Khanate
13971:
13964:
13957:
13948:
13947:
13897:Stjepan SarkotiÄ
13882:Maximilian Ronge
13847:Gheorghe Flondor
13837:Georg DragiÄeviÄ
13599:Francis Joseph I
13501:(GdK) Alexander
13460:Francis Joseph I
13448:
13447:
13270:Alpine companies
13187:
13180:
13173:
13164:
13163:
12973:Croatia-Slavonia
12969:
12968:
12868:
12867:
12792:
12791:
12772:
12765:
12758:
12749:
12748:
12738:
12730:
12722:
12714:
12685:
12647:
12613:
12606:
12599:
12538:Subdivisions of
12532:
12525:
12518:
12509:
12508:
12452:Aster Revolution
12443:Post World War I
12425:South Tyrol and
12390:
12389:
12233:
12232:
12203:Successor states
12124:
12123:
12114:
12113:
12082:
12075:
12068:
12059:
12058:
11986:31 October 2009)
11954:
11914:
11912:
11910:
11869:
11825:
11764:
11754:
11708:
11699:
11632:
11600:
11583:(2â3): 120â139.
11571:
11550:
11529:
11507:
11495:
11486:
11477:
11452:
11419:
11382:
11355:
11334:
11332:
11326:. Archived from
11301:
11271:
11269:
11267:
11222:Turnock, David.
11202:
11175:Austrian Studies
11137:
11120:
11119:
11092:
11090:
11088:
11000:
10954:Herman, Arthur.
10937:
10902:
10864:
10855:
10830:
10793:
10791:
10789:
10760:
10737:
10710:
10691:
10689:
10687:
10660:Tomasevich, Jozo
10654:
10652:
10638:
10626:
10613:
10611:
10600:
10581:
10562:
10545:
10526:
10489:
10483:
10477:
10476:
10471:
10469:
10441:
10435:
10434:
10432:
10430:
10409:
10403:
10402:
10400:
10398:
10379:
10373:
10372:
10370:
10368:
10351:Stangl, Andrea.
10348:
10339:
10333:
10327:
10326:
10304:
10302:
10301:
10295:
10286:
10279:
10273:
10272:
10251:
10245:
10244:
10242:
10240:
10225:
10219:
10218:
10216:
10214:
10209:on 28 March 2009
10205:. Archived from
10199:
10193:
10192:
10190:
10188:
10173:
10167:
10166:
10164:
10162:
10147:
10141:
10140:
10138:
10136:
10120:
10114:
10113:
10111:
10109:
10094:
10088:
10087:
10066:
10060:
10059:
10057:
10055:
10049:
10043:. Archived from
10028:
10019:
10013:
10012:
10010:
10008:
9989:
9983:
9982:
9980:
9978:
9962:
9956:
9955:
9953:
9951:
9936:
9930:
9913:
9907:
9904:
9898:
9897:
9895:
9893:
9878:
9872:
9869:
9863:
9860:
9854:
9850:
9844:
9841:
9835:
9824:
9818:
9806:
9800:
9799:
9779:
9773:
9759:
9753:
9752:
9732:
9726:
9711:
9705:
9702:
9696:
9693:
9687:
9684:
9678:
9675:
9669:
9668:
9666:
9664:
9659:on 11 March 2016
9649:
9643:
9640:
9634:
9633:
9632:on 31 July 2013.
9628:. Archived from
9621:
9612:
9611:
9609:
9607:
9592:
9586:
9571:
9565:
9564:
9562:
9560:
9545:
9539:
9538:
9536:
9534:
9524:
9515:
9512:
9506:
9505:
9482:
9476:
9475:
9473:
9471:
9443:
9437:
9433:
9427:
9426:
9418:
9412:
9406:
9400:
9397:
9391:
9388:
9382:
9381:
9373:
9367:
9364:
9358:
9357:
9355:
9353:
9347:
9340:
9331:
9325:
9324:
9304:
9298:
9297:
9295:
9293:
9284:. Archived from
9278:
9272:
9271:
9269:
9267:
9258:. Archived from
9252:
9246:
9217:
9211:
9210:
9208:
9206:
9186:
9180:
9179:
9177:
9170:
9161:
9155:
9154:
9142:
9136:
9135:
9133:
9131:
9116:
9110:
9103:
9097:
9096:
9085:
9079:
9073:
9067:
9061:
9055:
9054:
9047:Zacharia, Fareed
9043:
9037:
9036:
9016:
9010:
9009:
8997:
8991:
8990:
8988:
8986:
8968:
8959:
8958:
8946:
8940:
8939:
8919:
8913:
8912:
8902:
8896:
8895:
8893:
8882:
8873:
8867:
8857:
8851:
8850:
8848:
8846:
8827:
8821:
8820:
8819:
8817:
8787:
8781:
8780:
8778:
8776:
8751:Maney Publishing
8740:
8734:
8727:
8721:
8720:
8700:
8694:
8688:
8682:
8681:
8679:
8677:
8662:
8656:
8655:
8653:
8651:
8646:on 20 March 2012
8645:
8638:
8630:
8624:
8619:
8613:
8602:
8596:
8595:
8593:
8591:
8559:
8553:
8552:
8550:
8548:
8526:
8520:
8519:
8517:
8515:
8488:
8482:
8472:
8466:
8453:
8447:
8441:
8435:
8434:
8432:
8430:
8398:
8392:
8386:
8380:
8379:
8361:
8355:
8354:
8352:
8350:
8335:
8326:
8320:
8311:
8305:
8299:
8298:
8296:
8274:
8268:
8267:
8245:
8239:
8238:
8212:
8206:
8205:See: 1910 census
8203:
8197:
8196:
8194:
8192:
8172:
8166:
8165:
8164:. Histria Books.
8157:
8151:
8150:
8148:
8146:
8114:
8108:
8107:
8089:
8083:
8082:
8074:
8068:
8067:
8049:
8043:
8042:
8040:
8038:
8023:
8017:
8016:
8004:
7998:
7997:
7989:
7983:
7982:
7965:Stevenson, David
7961:
7955:
7954:
7929:
7923:
7922:
7904:
7898:
7897:
7879:
7873:
7872:
7854:
7848:
7847:
7826:
7820:
7819:
7811:
7805:
7804:
7802:
7800:
7794:
7788:. Archived from
7753:
7744:
7735:
7729:
7723:
7722:
7700:
7694:
7693:
7681:
7675:
7674:
7672:
7670:
7664:
7633:
7625:Stevenson, David
7621:
7615:
7614:
7599:Stevenson, David
7595:
7586:
7585:
7566:
7560:
7559:
7551:
7545:
7544:
7533:
7527:
7526:
7524:
7522:
7513:. 24 May 2003 .
7507:
7501:
7497:
7491:
7490:
7469:
7463:
7462:
7440:
7434:
7428:
7422:
7421:
7399:
7393:
7392:
7387:
7385:
7366:
7356:
7350:
7349:
7344:
7342:
7325:
7319:
7318:
7297:
7291:
7290:
7268:
7262:
7261:
7243:
7237:
7230:
7224:
7218:
7212:
7209:
7203:
7200:
7194:
7188:
7182:
7176:
7170:
7169:
7167:
7165:
7150:
7144:
7138:
7132:
7131:
7120:
7114:
7113:
7111:
7109:
7090:
7071:
7065:
7059:
7058:
7036:
7030:
7029:
7021:
7015:
7014:
7012:
7010:
6987:
6981:
6980:
6936:
6930:
6929:
6927:
6925:
6905:
6899:
6894:
6883:
6880:
6874:
6873:
6865:
6856:
6855:
6847:
6839:
6833:
6832:
6827:. Archived from
6808:
6802:
6779:Eva Philippoff:
6777:
6771:
6760:
6754:
6753:
6741:
6732:
6723:
6714:Minahan, James.
6712:
6703:
6702:
6700:
6698:
6679:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6668:
6644:
6638:
6637:
6617:
6611:
6610:
6597:
6591:
6580:
6574:
6573:
6571:
6569:
6554:
6548:
6547:
6538:
6532:
6531:
6522:
6516:
6515:
6503:
6495:
6478:
6475:
6469:
6447:
6427:
6421:
6420:
6418:
6416:
6395:
6389:
6373:Fisher, Gilman.
6371:
6365:
6364:
6362:
6360:
6344:
6327:
6324:
6318:
6310:
6304:
6288:
6282:
6276:
6263:
6257:
6247:
6028:corpus separatum
6020:MeÄimurje county
5848:Austria (except
5818:Croatia-Slavonia
5728:
5721:
5717:
5652:Kingdom of Italy
5561:
5551:
5541:
5535:
5529:
5523:
5372:successor states
5344:Successor states
5214:Istvån Széchenyi
5106:(1911); ĂjvidĂ©k/
5032:(Cieszyn) (1911)
5021:, Jihlava (1909)
5019:ÄeskĂ© BudÄjovice
4892:Telefon HĂrmondĂł
4634:
4630:
4622:Mattias Corvinus
4544:
4537:
4533:
4530:
4524:
4522:
4481:
4457:
4449:
4439:József Szterényi
4376:politics of the
4302:Ethnic relations
4163:Slovene language
4143:Slavic languages
4131:
4076:
4070:
4048:
3942:
3935:Imperial Council
3909:
3827:Aster Revolution
3713:War memorial in
3508:. Following the
3409:Macedonian front
3051:Greater Bulgaria
2946:" in favor of a
2873:Lombardy, Veneto
2841:Battle of MohĂĄcs
2829:
2822:
2815:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2606:
2605:
2401:
2400:
2350:Bocskai uprising
2286:
2285:
2201:
2200:
2136:
2135:
2092:
2082:
2064:
2063:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2026:
2025:
2024:
1970:Military history
1955:Economic history
1916:Post-war Austria
1767:Duchy of Austria
1714:Frankish Kingdom
1613:
1603:
1585:
1584:
1546:
1523:
1503:
1495:
1487:
1479:
1469:Crown of Bohemia
1457:
1449:
1439:
1431:
1423:
1415:
1403:
1396:
1384:
1373:
1342:Der Doppel-Adler
1339:
1332:The Double Eagle
1324:Doppel-Monarchie
1321:
1303:
1285:
1279:
1275:
1261:
1251:
1228:
1202:Kingdom of Italy
1036:
1035:
1022:
1021:
1008:
1007:
994:
993:
980:
979:
966:
965:
952:
951:
944:
934:
933:
920:
919:
906:
905:
898:
890:
889:
877:
876:
870:
869:
854:
853:
845:
837:
774:
768:
757:16 November 1918
744:12 November 1918
726:Empire dissolved
584:Imperial Council
428:Austro-Hungarian
402:Eastern Orthodox
301:Croatia-Slavonia
234:
215:
205:
195:
191:
184:
178:
167:
166:
147:
126:
102:
95:
78:
77:
76:
68:
61:
60:
52:
39:
38:
21:
18694:
18693:
18689:
18688:
18687:
18685:
18684:
18683:
18609:Austria-Hungary
18599:
18598:
18589:
18587:
18583:
18580:
18575:
18572:
18570:
18568:
18567:
18565:
18560:
18547:
18540:
18533:
18520:
18431:
18424:
18417:
18410:
18386:
18379:
18361:
18347:Public holidays
18282:
18241:
18191:
18169:
18138:
18130:
18116:
18072:Law enforcement
18015:
17991:
17984:
17977:
17921:
17851:
17832:Second Republic
17734:
17725:
17695:
17686:
17611:princely states
17559:
17495:Kingdom of Fiji
17468:
17214:Austria-Hungary
17182:
16945:
16879:
16678:
16664:Solomon Islands
16578:
16560:
16492:
16407:
16365:
16297:
16243:Democratization
16211:
16155:
16122:
16117:
16087:
16082:
16069:
16062:
16055:
16042:
16033:Public holidays
16028:National anthem
15964:
15905:Austrian people
15878:
15812:
15724:
15647:
15593:Austria-Hungary
15578:Austrian Empire
15531:Germanic tribes
15478:
15469:
15439:
15434:
15423:American Empire
15408:
15404:African empires
15356:
15239:
14931:Central African
14877:
14695:Romano-Germanic
14281:
14015:Middle Assyrian
13988:
13980:
13975:
13945:
13936:
13927:Georg von Trapp
13922:Giovanni Luppis
13832:GĂŒnther Burstyn
13785:
13733:
13727:
13676:
13670:
13624:
13618:
13585:
13578:
13536:von Krieghammer
13509:Feldzeugmeister
13491:FML Franz Kuhn
13469:
13439:
13427:Luftfahrtruppen
13414:
13410:Danube Flotilla
13404:Seefliegerkorps
13362:
13354:
13346:
13345:
13334:
13196:
13191:
13161:
13156:
13138:
13075:
12959:
12858:
12786:
12784:Austria-Hungary
12780:Austrian Empire
12776:
12746:
12741:
12736:
12728:
12720:
12704:
12688:
12683:
12652:
12643:
12639:County of Tyrol
12634:Duchy of Styria
12609:
12602:
12595:
12542:
12540:Austria-Hungary
12536:
12506:
12501:
12445:armed conflicts
12444:
12438:
12398:
12387:
12386:
12369:Hutsul Republic
12305:
12274:
12231:
12198:
12189:Clemenceau Note
12142:
12121:
12120:
12111:
12110:
12091:
12086:
12042:Wayback Machine
12004:Wayback Machine
12000:AustriaâHungary
11969:AustriaâHungary
11964:
11959:
11946:
11937:Wayback Machine
11908:
11906:
11866:
11841:Wayback Machine
11789:
11715:
11713:Primary sources
11686:Wank, Solomon.
11682:Wayback Machine
11665:Wayback Machine
11648:Wayback Machine
11629:
11612:Wayback Machine
11568:
11547:
11526:
11442:Wayback Machine
11379:
11330:
11299:
11284:
11278:
11265:
11263:
11254:
11186:Wayback Machine
11177:(2012) 20:5â23
11117:
11086:
11084:
11069:
11026:May, Arthur J.
11019:Mason, John W.
10989:
10926:
10883:
10787:
10785:
10772:
10768:
10766:Further reading
10763:
10757:
10745:(in Croatian).
10734:
10707:
10699:. Basic Books.
10685:
10683:
10676:
10597:
10578:
10542:
10515:
10498:
10493:
10492:
10486:Williamson 1991
10484:
10480:
10467:
10465:
10458:
10442:
10438:
10428:
10426:
10411:
10410:
10406:
10396:
10394:
10381:
10380:
10376:
10366:
10364:
10349:
10342:
10334:
10330:
10313:Austria-Hungary
10299:
10297:
10296:
10289:
10280:
10276:
10252:
10248:
10238:
10236:
10227:
10226:
10222:
10212:
10210:
10201:
10200:
10196:
10186:
10184:
10175:
10174:
10170:
10160:
10158:
10151:"Baron Gautsch"
10149:
10148:
10144:
10134:
10132:
10121:
10117:
10107:
10105:
10096:
10095:
10091:
10067:
10063:
10053:
10051:
10047:
10041:
10026:
10020:
10016:
10006:
10004:
9991:
9990:
9986:
9976:
9974:
9963:
9959:
9949:
9947:
9938:
9937:
9933:
9928:Wayback Machine
9914:
9910:
9905:
9901:
9891:
9889:
9880:
9879:
9875:
9870:
9866:
9861:
9857:
9851:
9847:
9842:
9838:
9825:
9821:
9807:
9803:
9796:
9780:
9776:
9760:
9756:
9749:
9733:
9729:
9712:
9708:
9703:
9699:
9694:
9690:
9685:
9681:
9676:
9672:
9662:
9660:
9651:
9650:
9646:
9641:
9637:
9622:
9615:
9605:
9603:
9594:
9593:
9589:
9572:
9568:
9558:
9556:
9547:
9546:
9542:
9532:
9530:
9526:
9525:
9518:
9513:
9509:
9502:
9486:Berend, IvĂĄn T.
9483:
9479:
9469:
9467:
9460:
9444:
9440:
9434:
9430:
9419:
9415:
9407:
9403:
9398:
9394:
9389:
9385:
9374:
9370:
9365:
9361:
9351:
9349:
9345:
9338:
9332:
9328:
9321:
9305:
9301:
9291:
9289:
9280:
9279:
9275:
9265:
9263:
9262:on 1 March 2012
9254:
9253:
9249:
9243:Wayback Machine
9218:
9214:
9204:
9202:
9187:
9183:
9175:
9168:
9162:
9158:
9143:
9139:
9129:
9127:
9118:
9117:
9113:
9104:
9100:
9089:Wyman, David S.
9086:
9082:
9076:Rothenberg 1976
9074:
9070:
9064:Rothenberg 1976
9062:
9058:
9044:
9040:
9033:
9017:
9013:
8998:
8994:
8984:
8982:
8969:
8962:
8947:
8943:
8936:
8920:
8916:
8903:
8899:
8891:
8880:
8874:
8870:
8858:
8854:
8844:
8842:
8829:
8828:
8824:
8815:
8813:
8806:
8788:
8784:
8774:
8772:
8765:
8741:
8737:
8733:, 1998, p. 366.
8728:
8724:
8701:
8697:
8689:
8685:
8675:
8673:
8664:
8663:
8659:
8649:
8647:
8643:
8636:
8632:
8631:
8627:
8620:
8616:
8603:
8599:
8589:
8587:
8580:
8572:. p. 320.
8560:
8556:
8546:
8544:
8542:
8528:
8527:
8523:
8513:
8511:
8509:
8501:. p. 401.
8489:
8485:
8473:
8469:
8463:Wayback Machine
8454:
8450:
8442:
8438:
8428:
8426:
8419:
8399:
8395:
8387:
8383:
8362:
8358:
8348:
8346:
8345:on 21 June 2006
8337:
8336:
8329:
8321:
8314:
8306:
8302:
8275:
8271:
8264:
8246:
8242:
8235:
8213:
8209:
8204:
8200:
8190:
8188:
8173:
8169:
8158:
8154:
8144:
8142:
8135:
8127:. p. 112.
8115:
8111:
8104:
8090:
8086:
8075:
8071:
8064:
8050:
8046:
8036:
8034:
8033:on 23 June 2011
8025:
8024:
8020:
8005:
8001:
7990:
7986:
7979:
7962:
7958:
7951:
7930:
7926:
7919:
7905:
7901:
7894:
7880:
7876:
7869:
7855:
7851:
7844:
7827:
7823:
7812:
7808:
7798:
7796:
7792:
7778:
7751:
7745:
7738:
7730:
7726:
7719:
7701:
7697:
7682:
7678:
7668:
7666:
7662:
7631:
7622:
7618:
7596:
7589:
7567:
7563:
7552:
7548:
7534:
7530:
7520:
7518:
7509:
7508:
7504:
7498:
7494:
7484:
7470:
7466:
7459:
7441:
7437:
7431:Tomasevich 2001
7429:
7425:
7418:
7400:
7396:
7383:
7381:
7379:
7357:
7353:
7340:
7338:
7327:
7326:
7322:
7312:
7298:
7294:
7283:
7275:. Hachette UK.
7269:
7265:
7258:
7244:
7240:
7231:
7227:
7219:
7215:
7210:
7206:
7201:
7197:
7189:
7185:
7177:
7173:
7163:
7161:
7152:
7151:
7147:
7139:
7135:
7122:
7121:
7117:
7107:
7105:
7092:
7091:
7074:
7066:
7062:
7055:
7037:
7033:
7022:
7018:
7008:
7006:
6991:Roider, Karl A.
6988:
6984:
6937:
6933:
6923:
6921:
6906:
6902:
6895:
6886:
6881:
6877:
6866:
6859:
6845:"Austria"
6840:
6836:
6825:
6809:
6805:
6778:
6774:
6761:
6757:
6733:
6726:
6713:
6706:
6696:
6694:
6681:
6680:
6676:
6666:
6664:
6657:Magyar TudomĂĄny
6645:
6641:
6634:
6618:
6614:
6598:
6594:
6581:
6577:
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6399:"Austria-Races"
6397:
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6386:Wayback Machine
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6312:The concept of
6311:
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6036:Central Croatia
5925:Ivano-Frankivsk
5887:, parts of the
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5680:Hutsul Republic
5647:Greater Romania
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5015:MariĂĄnskĂ© LĂĄznÄ
4970:
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4902:Main articles:
4900:
4880:
4867:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4787:Hungarian plain
4735:Long Depression
4711:
4705:
4606:
4590:Duke Rudolph IV
4576:established in
4554:
4545:
4534:
4528:
4525:
4482:
4480:
4470:
4458:
4447:
4423:Vilmos VĂĄzsonyi
4394:ethnic violence
4344:, built by the
4312:Istro-Romanians
4304:
4195:. According to
4185:private schools
4106:(ZniĂłvĂĄralja).
4020:
3998:
3992:
3938:
3931:Diet of Hungary
3884:domains into a
3858:
3852:
3783:Fourteen Points
3771:
3754:
3736:
3707:
3705:Role of Hungary
3670:
3664:
3658:on 3 November.
3652:Vittorio Veneto
3591:Strafexpedition
3543:
3537:
3516:of the nascent
3506:war with Russia
3502:Regency Council
3490:Congress Poland
3423:
3417:
3393:
3387:
3363:
3357:
3343:
3337:
3321:
3308:
3302:
3257:LĂĄszlĂł SzĆgyĂ©ny
3204:Bosnian Muslims
3188:Gavrilo Princip
3176:
3170:
3158:Main articles:
3156:
3151:
3145:
3107:Franz Ferdinand
3063:Triple Alliance
2990:
2978:Main articles:
2976:
2944:German question
2921:
2854:Austrian Empire
2833:
2797:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2719:Hungarian Kings
2678:
2670:
2669:
2654:1989–2012
2644:1956–1989
2624:1949–1989
2614:1946–1949
2603:
2595:
2594:
2589:1941–1945
2559:1939–1945
2539:1920–1946
2519:1919–1920
2499:1918–1919
2489:1918–1941
2485:Interwar period
2479:1914–1918
2469:1867–1918
2459:1867–1918
2445:Hungarian State
2439:1848–1849
2429:1825–1848
2419:1711–1867
2409:1703–1711
2398:
2390:
2389:
2384:1699–1867
2374:1682–1685
2364:1664–1671
2354:1604–1606
2344:1570–1711
2334:1541–1699
2330:Ottoman Hungary
2324:1526–1699
2314:1526–1570
2304:1526–1699
2283:
2275:
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2269:1366–1526
2259:1301–1526
2249:1241–1242
2229:1102–1918
2219:1000–1301
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1815:Austria-Hungary
1805:Austrian Empire
1800:Habsburg empire
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1772:Duchy of Styria
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1310:Dunai Monarchia
1299:
1281:
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1254:AustriaâHungary
1224:
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1124:Austrian Empire
1075:King of Hungary
1051:Austria-Hungary
1033:
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731:31 October 1918
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661:1867 Compromise
649:
640:New Imperialism
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610:Diet of Hungary
602:
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545:
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507:F. F. von Beust
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477:Karl I & IV
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17812:First Republic
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16674:United Kingdom
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16331:Prince regnant
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16248:Decolonization
16245:
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16202:Personal union
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16172:Constitutional
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15746:Climate change
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15598:German Austria
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14291:
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14287:Post-classical
14283:
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14280:
14279:
14278:
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14086:Middle Kingdom
14083:
14073:
14068:
14067:
14066:
14061:
14056:
14046:
14045:
14044:
14042:Neo-Babylonian
14039:
14034:
14032:Old Babylonian
14024:
14023:
14022:
14017:
14007:
14002:
13996:
13994:
13982:
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13917:Franz von Keil
13914:
13909:
13904:
13899:
13894:
13889:
13884:
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13872:Oskar Potiorek
13869:
13864:
13862:Rudolf Maister
13859:
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13554:
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13518:FZM Ferdinand
13516:
13506:
13496:
13489:
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4431:JĂĄnos Teleszky
4364:, Vienna, 1915
4338:Romantic-style
4316:Diet of Istria
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4014:Austro-Slavism
3994:Main article:
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3788:Robert Lansing
3779:Woodrow Wilson
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3265:German Emperor
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1144:Bosnian crisis
1114:, which was a
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18655:
18652:
18650:
18647:
18645:
18642:
18640:
18637:
18635:
18632:
18630:
18627:
18625:
18622:
18620:
18617:
18615:
18612:
18610:
18607:
18606:
18604:
18597:
18594:
18557:
18554:
18552:
18549:
18548:
18543:
18539:
18536:
18532:
18531:
18527:
18517:
18514:
18512:
18509:
18507:
18504:
18502:
18499:
18497:
18494:
18492:
18489:
18487:
18484:
18482:
18479:
18477:
18474:
18472:
18469:
18467:
18464:
18462:
18459:
18457:
18454:
18452:
18449:
18447:
18444:
18442:
18439:
18434:
18430:
18427:
18423:
18420:
18416:
18413:
18409:
18408:
18407:
18404:
18402:
18399:
18397:
18394:
18389:
18385:
18382:
18378:
18377:
18376:
18373:
18372:
18370:
18368:
18364:
18358:
18355:
18353:
18350:
18348:
18345:
18343:
18340:
18338:
18335:
18333:
18330:
18328:
18325:
18323:
18320:
18318:
18315:
18313:
18310:
18308:
18305:
18303:
18300:
18298:
18295:
18293:
18292:Family policy
18290:
18285:
18281:
18280:
18279:
18276:
18274:
18271:
18269:
18266:
18264:
18261:
18260:
18257:
18254:
18252:
18248:
18238:
18235:
18233:
18230:
18228:
18225:
18223:
18220:
18218:
18215:
18213:
18210:
18208:
18205:
18203:
18200:
18198:
18195:
18190:
18187:
18185:
18182:
18180:
18177:
18172:
18168:
18167:
18166:
18163:
18161:
18158:
18157:
18154:
18151:
18149:
18145:
18133:
18128:
18127:
18126:
18123:
18119:
18114:
18113:
18112:
18109:
18107:
18104:
18100:
18097:
18096:
18095:
18092:
18090:
18087:
18083:
18080:
18079:
18078:
18075:
18073:
18070:
18068:
18065:
18063:
18060:
18058:
18055:
18053:
18050:
18048:
18045:
18043:
18040:
18038:
18035:
18034:
18031:
18028:
18026:
18022:
18012:
18009:
18007:
18004:
18002:
17999:
17994:
17990:
17987:
17983:
17980:
17976:
17975:
17974:
17971:
17969:
17966:
17964:
17961:
17959:
17956:
17954:
17951:
17949:
17946:
17944:
17941:
17940:
17937:
17934:
17932:
17928:
17918:
17915:
17913:
17910:
17908:
17905:
17901:
17898:
17896:
17893:
17891:
17888:
17887:
17886:
17883:
17881:
17880:ĂrpĂĄd dynasty
17878:
17876:
17873:
17871:
17868:
17866:
17863:
17861:
17858:
17857:
17854:
17848:
17845:
17843:
17840:
17838:
17835:
17833:
17830:
17828:
17825:
17823:
17820:
17818:
17815:
17813:
17810:
17808:
17805:
17803:
17800:
17798:
17795:
17793:
17792:RĂĄkĂłczi's War
17790:
17788:
17785:
17783:
17780:
17778:
17775:
17773:
17770:
17768:
17765:
17763:
17760:
17758:
17755:
17753:
17750:
17749:
17746:
17743:
17741:
17737:
17733:
17729:
17722:
17717:
17715:
17710:
17708:
17703:
17702:
17699:
17683:
17680:
17678:
17675:
17673:
17670:
17668:
17665:
17663:
17660:
17658:
17655:
17653:
17650:
17648:
17645:
17643:
17640:
17638:
17635:
17633:
17630:
17628:
17625:
17623:
17619:
17616:
17613:
17612:
17607:
17603:
17600:
17598:
17595:
17593:
17590:
17588:
17585:
17583:
17580:
17577:
17574:
17572:
17569:
17568:
17566:
17562:
17556:
17553:
17551:
17548:
17546:
17543:
17541:
17538:
17536:
17533:
17531:
17528:
17526:
17523:
17521:
17518:
17516:
17513:
17511:
17508:
17506:
17503:
17501:
17498:
17496:
17493:
17491:
17490:Easter Island
17488:
17486:
17483:
17481:
17478:
17477:
17475:
17471:
17465:
17462:
17460:
17457:
17455:
17452:
17450:
17447:
17445:
17442:
17440:
17437:
17435:
17432:
17430:
17427:
17425:
17422:
17420:
17417:
17415:
17412:
17410:
17407:
17405:
17402:
17400:
17397:
17395:
17392:
17390:
17387:
17385:
17382:
17380:
17377:
17375:
17372:
17370:
17367:
17365:
17362:
17360:
17357:
17355:
17352:
17350:
17347:
17345:
17342:
17340:
17337:
17335:
17332:
17330:
17327:
17325:
17322:
17320:
17317:
17315:
17312:
17310:
17307:
17305:
17302:
17300:
17297:
17295:
17292:
17290:
17287:
17285:
17282:
17280:
17277:
17275:
17272:
17270:
17267:
17265:
17262:
17260:
17257:
17255:
17252:
17250:
17247:
17245:
17242:
17240:
17237:
17235:
17232:
17230:
17227:
17225:
17222:
17220:
17217:
17215:
17212:
17210:
17207:
17205:
17202:
17200:
17197:
17195:
17192:
17191:
17189:
17185:
17178:
17177:
17172:
17169:
17167:
17164:
17162:
17159:
17157:
17154:
17152:
17149:
17147:
17144:
17142:
17139:
17137:
17134:
17132:
17129:
17127:
17124:
17122:
17119:
17117:
17116:
17112:
17110:
17107:
17105:
17102:
17100:
17097:
17095:
17092:
17090:
17087:
17085:
17082:
17080:
17077:
17075:
17072:
17070:
17067:
17065:
17062:
17060:
17057:
17055:
17052:
17050:
17047:
17045:
17042:
17040:
17037:
17035:
17032:
17030:
17029:Jabal Shammar
17027:
17025:
17022:
17019:
17015:
17012:
17010:
17009:
17005:
17003:
17000:
16998:
16995:
16993:
16990:
16988:
16985:
16983:
16980:
16978:
16975:
16973:
16970:
16968:
16965:
16963:
16960:
16958:
16955:
16954:
16952:
16948:
16942:
16939:
16937:
16934:
16932:
16929:
16927:
16924:
16922:
16919:
16917:
16914:
16912:
16909:
16907:
16904:
16902:
16899:
16897:
16894:
16892:
16889:
16888:
16886:
16882:
16876:
16875:
16871:
16869:
16866:
16864:
16861:
16859:
16856:
16854:
16851:
16849:
16846:
16844:
16841:
16839:
16836:
16834:
16831:
16829:
16826:
16824:
16821:
16819:
16816:
16814:
16811:
16809:
16806:
16804:
16801:
16799:
16796:
16794:
16791:
16789:
16786:
16784:
16781:
16779:
16776:
16774:
16771:
16769:
16766:
16764:
16761:
16759:
16756:
16754:
16751:
16749:
16746:
16744:
16741:
16739:
16736:
16734:
16731:
16729:
16726:
16724:
16721:
16719:
16716:
16714:
16711:
16709:
16706:
16704:
16701:
16700:
16698:
16694:
16691:
16689:
16685:
16675:
16672:
16670:
16667:
16665:
16662:
16660:
16657:
16655:
16652:
16650:
16647:
16645:
16642:
16638:
16635:
16633:
16630:
16629:
16628:
16625:
16623:
16620:
16618:
16615:
16613:
16610:
16608:
16605:
16603:
16600:
16598:
16595:
16593:
16590:
16589:
16587:
16585:
16581:
16575:
16572:
16571:
16569:
16567:
16563:
16557:
16554:
16552:
16549:
16547:
16544:
16542:
16539:
16537:
16534:
16532:
16529:
16527:
16524:
16522:
16521:Liechtenstein
16519:
16517:
16514:
16512:
16509:
16507:
16504:
16503:
16501:
16499:
16495:
16489:
16488:
16484:
16482:
16479:
16477:
16474:
16472:
16469:
16467:
16464:
16462:
16459:
16457:
16454:
16452:
16449:
16447:
16444:
16442:
16439:
16437:
16434:
16432:
16429:
16427:
16424:
16422:
16419:
16418:
16416:
16414:
16410:
16404:
16403:
16399:
16397:
16394:
16392:
16389:
16387:
16384:
16383:
16381:
16379:
16375:
16372:
16368:
16362:
16359:
16357:
16354:
16352:
16349:
16347:
16344:
16342:
16339:
16337:
16334:
16332:
16329:
16325:
16324:Queen regnant
16322:
16321:
16320:
16317:
16315:
16312:
16310:
16307:
16306:
16304:
16300:
16294:
16291:
16289:
16286:
16284:
16283:Republicanism
16281:
16279:
16276:
16274:
16271:
16269:
16266:
16264:
16263:Head of state
16261:
16259:
16256:
16254:
16251:
16249:
16246:
16244:
16241:
16239:
16236:
16234:
16231:
16229:
16226:
16224:
16221:
16220:
16218:
16214:
16208:
16205:
16203:
16200:
16198:
16197:Non-sovereign
16195:
16193:
16190:
16188:
16185:
16183:
16180:
16178:
16175:
16173:
16170:
16168:
16165:
16164:
16162:
16158:
16152:
16149:
16147:
16144:
16142:
16139:
16137:
16134:
16132:
16129:
16128:
16125:
16121:
16114:
16109:
16107:
16102:
16100:
16095:
16094:
16091:
16079:
16076:
16074:
16071:
16070:
16065:
16061:
16058:
16054:
16053:
16049:
16039:
16036:
16034:
16031:
16029:
16026:
16024:
16021:
16019:
16016:
16014:
16011:
16009:
16006:
16004:
16001:
15998:
15994:
15991:
15989:
15986:
15984:
15981:
15979:
15976:
15975:
15973:
15971:
15967:
15961:
15958:
15955:
15951:
15948:
15946:
15943:
15941:
15938:
15936:
15933:
15931:
15928:
15926:
15925:Ethnic groups
15923:
15921:
15918:
15916:
15913:
15911:
15908:
15906:
15903:
15901:
15898:
15897:
15894:
15891:
15889:
15885:
15875:
15872:
15870:
15867:
15865:
15862:
15860:
15857:
15855:
15852:
15850:
15847:
15845:
15842:
15840:
15837:
15835:
15832:
15831:
15828:
15825:
15823:
15819:
15809:
15806:
15804:
15801:
15799:
15796:
15794:
15791:
15789:
15786:
15782:
15779:
15778:
15777:
15774:
15772:
15769:
15767:
15764:
15762:
15759:
15757:
15754:
15752:
15749:
15747:
15744:
15743:
15740:
15737:
15735:
15731:
15721:
15718:
15716:
15713:
15711:
15708:
15706:
15703:
15701:
15698:
15696:
15693:
15691:
15688:
15686:
15683:
15681:
15678:
15676:
15673:
15671:
15668:
15666:
15663:
15662:
15659:
15656:
15654:
15650:
15644:
15641:
15639:
15636:
15634:
15631:
15629:
15626:
15624:
15621:
15619:
15618:Austrofascism
15616:
15614:
15611:
15609:
15606:
15604:
15601:
15599:
15596:
15594:
15591:
15589:
15586:
15584:
15581:
15579:
15576:
15574:
15571:
15569:
15566:
15564:
15561:
15559:
15556:
15554:
15551:
15547:
15544:
15542:
15539:
15537:
15534:
15533:
15532:
15529:
15525:
15522:
15520:
15517:
15515:
15512:
15511:
15510:
15507:
15503:
15500:
15499:
15498:
15495:
15493:
15490:
15489:
15487:
15485:
15481:
15477:
15473:
15466:
15461:
15459:
15454:
15452:
15447:
15446:
15443:
15429:
15428:Soviet empire
15426:
15424:
15421:
15420:
15418:
15417:
15415:
15413:Miscellaneous
15411:
15405:
15402:
15400:
15397:
15395:
15392:
15390:
15387:
15385:
15382:
15378:
15375:
15374:
15373:
15370:
15369:
15367:
15363:
15353:
15350:
15348:
15345:
15343:
15340:
15338:
15335:
15331:
15328:
15327:
15326:
15323:
15321:
15318:
15316:
15313:
15311:
15308:
15306:
15303:
15301:
15298:
15296:
15293:
15291:
15288:
15286:
15283:
15281:
15278:
15274:
15271:
15269:
15266:
15265:
15264:
15261:
15259:
15256:
15254:
15251:
15250:
15248:
15246:
15242:
15234:
15231:
15229:
15226:
15224:
15221:
15219:
15216:
15214:
15211:
15210:
15209:
15206:
15204:
15201:
15197:
15194:
15193:
15192:
15189:
15187:
15184:
15180:
15177:
15175:
15172:
15170:
15167:
15166:
15165:
15162:
15160:
15157:
15153:
15150:
15148:
15145:
15144:
15143:
15140:
15136:
15133:
15131:
15128:
15126:
15123:
15121:
15118:
15116:
15113:
15112:
15111:
15108:
15104:
15101:
15099:
15096:
15095:
15094:
15091:
15089:
15086:
15084:
15081:
15079:
15076:
15072:
15069:
15067:
15064:
15062:
15059:
15057:
15054:
15052:
15049:
15048:
15047:
15044:
15040:
15037:
15035:
15032:
15031:
15030:
15027:
15025:
15022:
15018:
15015:
15013:
15012:German Empire
15010:
15009:
15008:
15005:
15001:
14998:
14996:
14993:
14992:
14991:
14988:
14984:
14981:
14979:
14976:
14975:
14974:
14971:
14969:
14966:
14962:
14959:
14957:
14954:
14952:
14949:
14947:
14944:
14942:
14939:
14938:
14937:
14934:
14932:
14929:
14925:
14922:
14920:
14917:
14916:
14914:
14912:
14909:
14907:
14904:
14902:
14899:
14897:
14894:
14892:
14889:
14888:
14886:
14884:
14880:
14874:
14871:
14869:
14866:
14864:
14861:
14857:
14854:
14852:
14849:
14847:
14844:
14842:
14839:
14837:
14834:
14832:
14829:
14827:
14824:
14823:
14822:
14819:
14817:
14814:
14810:
14807:
14805:
14802:
14800:
14797:
14795:
14792:
14790:
14787:
14785:
14782:
14781:
14780:
14777:
14773:
14770:
14768:
14765:
14763:
14760:
14758:
14755:
14754:
14753:
14752:Turco-Persian
14750:
14748:
14745:
14743:
14740:
14738:
14735:
14733:
14730:
14728:
14725:
14723:
14720:
14718:
14715:
14713:
14710:
14706:
14703:
14701:
14698:
14697:
14696:
14693:
14689:
14686:
14684:
14681:
14679:
14676:
14674:
14671:
14669:
14666:
14664:
14661:
14660:
14659:
14656:
14653:
14651:
14648:
14646:
14643:
14641:
14638:
14634:
14631:
14629:
14626:
14624:
14621:
14620:
14619:
14616:
14612:
14609:
14607:
14604:
14602:
14599:
14597:
14594:
14593:
14592:
14589:
14587:
14584:
14582:
14579:
14577:
14574:
14572:
14569:
14567:
14564:
14560:
14557:
14555:
14552:
14550:
14547:
14545:
14542:
14541:
14540:
14537:
14533:
14530:
14528:
14525:
14523:
14520:
14518:
14515:
14514:
14513:
14510:
14506:
14503:
14501:
14498:
14496:
14493:
14492:
14491:
14488:
14486:
14483:
14481:
14478:
14476:
14473:
14471:
14468:
14464:
14461:
14459:
14456:
14454:
14451:
14450:
14449:
14446:
14444:
14441:
14437:
14434:
14432:
14429:
14427:
14424:
14422:
14419:
14417:
14414:
14412:
14409:
14408:
14407:
14404:
14400:
14397:
14395:
14392:
14391:
14390:
14387:
14383:
14380:
14378:
14375:
14373:
14370:
14368:
14365:
14364:
14363:
14360:
14358:
14355:
14351:
14348:
14347:
14346:
14343:
14339:
14336:
14334:
14331:
14330:
14328:
14326:
14323:
14321:
14318:
14316:
14313:
14311:
14308:
14306:
14303:
14301:
14298:
14296:
14293:
14292:
14290:
14288:
14284:
14276:
14273:
14272:
14271:
14268:
14266:
14263:
14259:
14256:
14254:
14251:
14250:
14249:
14246:
14242:
14239:
14238:
14237:
14234:
14230:
14227:
14225:
14222:
14220:
14217:
14215:
14212:
14210:
14207:
14205:
14202:
14201:
14200:
14197:
14195:
14192:
14190:
14187:
14183:
14180:
14178:
14175:
14173:
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14168:
14165:
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14163:
14160:
14156:
14153:
14151:
14148:
14147:
14146:
14143:
14141:
14138:
14134:
14131:
14129:
14126:
14124:
14121:
14119:
14116:
14114:
14111:
14110:
14109:
14106:
14104:
14101:
14099:
14096:
14092:
14089:
14087:
14084:
14082:
14079:
14078:
14077:
14074:
14072:
14069:
14065:
14062:
14060:
14057:
14055:
14052:
14051:
14050:
14047:
14043:
14040:
14038:
14035:
14033:
14030:
14029:
14028:
14025:
14021:
14018:
14016:
14013:
14012:
14011:
14008:
14006:
14003:
14001:
13998:
13997:
13995:
13992:
13987:
13983:
13979:
13972:
13967:
13965:
13960:
13958:
13953:
13952:
13949:
13933:
13932:Janko VukoviÄ
13930:
13928:
13925:
13923:
13920:
13918:
13915:
13913:
13912:MiklĂłs Horthy
13910:
13908:
13905:
13903:
13900:
13898:
13895:
13893:
13890:
13888:
13885:
13883:
13880:
13878:
13875:
13873:
13870:
13868:
13865:
13863:
13860:
13858:
13855:
13853:
13850:
13848:
13845:
13843:
13840:
13838:
13835:
13833:
13830:
13828:
13827:Josip JelaÄiÄ
13825:
13823:
13820:
13818:
13815:
13813:
13810:
13808:
13805:
13803:
13800:
13798:
13795:
13794:
13792:
13788:
13781:
13779:
13776:
13773:
13771:
13768:
13766:
13762:
13760:
13756:
13754:
13750:
13748:
13744:
13742:
13739:
13738:
13736:
13734:Naval Section
13730:
13724:
13721:
13719:
13716:
13714:
13711:
13709:
13705:
13703:
13699:
13697:
13693:
13691:
13687:
13685:
13682:
13681:
13679:
13673:
13667:
13663:
13661:
13658:
13655:
13653:
13650:
13648:
13644:
13641:
13639:
13635:
13632:
13631:
13629:
13627:
13626:General Staff
13623:Chiefs of the
13621:
13615:
13612:
13610:
13607:
13605:
13602:
13600:
13597:
13595:
13592:
13591:
13589:
13587:
13581:
13575:
13572:
13571:Generaloberst
13569:
13567:
13564:
13563:Feldmarschall
13561:
13559:
13555:
13552:
13548:
13545:
13542:
13539:FZM Heinrich
13538:
13535:
13531:
13528:
13524:
13521:
13517:
13514:
13510:
13507:
13504:
13500:
13497:
13494:
13490:
13488:
13484:
13481:
13480:
13478:
13476:
13472:
13466:
13463:
13461:
13458:
13457:
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13442:
13434:
13431:
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13428:
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13423:
13421:
13417:
13411:
13408:
13406:
13405:
13401:
13397:
13394:
13392:
13389:
13387:
13384:
13382:
13379:
13378:
13377:
13376:
13372:
13371:
13369:
13365:
13358:
13350:
13341:
13331:
13330:Stormtroopers
13328:
13326:
13325:
13321:
13319:
13318:
13314:
13312:
13311:
13310:StandschĂŒtzen
13307:
13305:
13302:
13300:
13297:
13295:
13292:
13290:
13287:
13285:
13284:
13280:
13278:
13277:
13273:
13271:
13268:
13266:
13263:
13261:
13258:
13256:
13253:
13251:
13250:Rank insignia
13248:
13246:
13243:
13239:
13236:
13235:
13234:
13231:
13229:
13226:
13224:
13221:
13219:
13216:
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13069:
13067:
13064:
13062:
13059:
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13047:
13044:
13042:
13039:
13037:
13034:
13032:
13029:
13027:
13024:
13022:
13019:
13017:
13014:
13012:
13009:
13007:
13004:
13002:
12999:
12997:
12994:
12992:
12989:
12987:
12984:
12982:
12979:
12978:
12976:
12974:
12970:
12966:
12956:
12953:
12951:
12948:
12946:
12943:
12941:
12938:
12936:
12933:
12931:
12928:
12926:
12923:
12921:
12918:
12916:
12913:
12911:
12908:
12906:
12903:
12901:
12898:
12896:
12893:
12891:
12888:
12886:
12883:
12881:
12878:
12877:
12875:
12873:
12869:
12865:
12855:
12852:
12850:
12847:
12845:
12842:
12840:
12837:
12835:
12832:
12830:
12827:
12825:
12822:
12820:
12817:
12815:
12812:
12810:
12807:
12805:
12802:
12801:
12799:
12797:
12793:
12789:
12785:
12781:
12773:
12768:
12766:
12761:
12759:
12754:
12753:
12750:
12735:
12732:
12727:
12724:
12719:
12716:
12712:
12708:
12703:
12700:
12699:
12697:
12695:
12691:
12682:
12679:
12677:
12674:
12672:
12669:
12667:
12664:
12663:
12661:
12659:
12655:
12646:
12642:
12641:
12640:
12637:
12635:
12632:
12630:
12627:
12625:
12622:
12620:
12617:
12612:
12608:
12605:
12601:
12598:
12594:
12593:
12592:
12589:
12587:
12584:
12582:
12579:
12577:
12574:
12572:
12569:
12567:
12564:
12562:
12559:
12557:
12554:
12553:
12551:
12549:
12545:
12541:
12533:
12528:
12526:
12521:
12519:
12514:
12513:
12510:
12498:
12495:
12493:
12490:
12488:
12485:
12483:
12480:
12478:
12475:
12473:
12470:
12468:
12465:
12463:
12460:
12458:
12455:
12453:
12450:
12449:
12447:
12441:
12434:
12431:
12428:
12424:
12421:
12418:
12415:
12412:
12411:
12409:
12405:
12395:
12392:
12385:
12382:
12380:
12377:
12375:
12372:
12370:
12367:
12365:
12362:
12360:
12357:
12355:
12352:
12350:
12347:
12345:
12342:
12340:
12337:
12333:
12330:
12328:
12325:
12324:
12323:
12320:
12318:
12315:
12314:
12312:
12308:
12302:
12299:
12297:
12294:
12292:
12289:
12287:
12284:
12283:
12281:
12277:
12271:
12268:
12264:
12261:
12259:
12256:
12254:
12251:
12249:
12246:
12245:
12244:
12241:
12240:
12238:
12234:
12226:
12223:
12222:
12221:
12218:
12216:
12213:
12211:
12208:
12207:
12205:
12201:
12195:
12194:Clerk Mission
12192:
12190:
12187:
12185:
12184:Smuts Mission
12182:
12180:
12177:
12175:
12172:
12170:
12167:
12165:
12162:
12160:
12157:
12155:
12152:
12151:
12149:
12145:
12139:
12136:
12134:
12131:
12129:
12126:
12122:(for Hungary)
12119:
12116:
12112:(for Austria)
12109:
12106:
12104:
12101:
12100:
12098:
12094:
12090:
12083:
12078:
12076:
12071:
12069:
12064:
12063:
12060:
12053:
12050:
12048:
12045:
12043:
12039:
12036:
12033:
12031:
12028:
12025:
12024:Map of Europe
12022:
12020:
12017:
12015:
12012:
12009:
12005:
12001:
11998:
11996:
11993:
11991:
11988:
11985:
11981:
11978:
11976:
11973:
11970:
11966:
11965:
11955:
11953:
11948:
11947:
11938:
11934:
11931:
11927:
11923:
11920:
11916:
11904:
11900:
11896:
11892:
11888:
11884:
11880:
11876:
11871:
11867:
11861:
11857:
11853:
11849:
11844:
11842:
11838:
11835:
11831:
11827:
11823:
11819:
11815:
11811:
11807:
11803:
11798:
11795:
11791:
11790:
11781:
11777:
11773:
11770:
11767:Gooch, G. P.
11766:
11762:
11758:
11753:
11748:
11744:
11740:
11736:
11732:
11727:
11725:
11721:
11717:
11716:
11706:
11701:
11697:
11692:
11689:
11685:
11683:
11679:
11676:
11675:online review
11672:
11668:
11666:
11662:
11659:
11658:online review
11655:
11651:
11649:
11645:
11642:
11638:
11634:
11630:
11624:
11620:
11615:
11613:
11609:
11606:
11602:
11598:
11594:
11590:
11586:
11582:
11578:
11573:
11569:
11563:
11559:
11558:
11552:
11548:
11546:0-9147-1016-8
11542:
11538:
11537:
11531:
11527:
11525:1-8417-6594-5
11521:
11517:
11512:
11510:
11505:
11501:
11500:JĂĄszi, OszkĂĄr
11497:
11493:
11488:
11484:
11479:
11475:
11471:
11467:
11463:
11459:
11454:
11450:
11445:
11443:
11439:
11436:
11432:
11428:
11425:
11421:
11417:
11413:
11409:
11405:
11401:
11397:
11393:
11389:
11384:
11380:
11374:
11370:
11366:
11362:
11357:
11353:
11349:
11345:
11341:
11336:
11329:
11325:
11321:
11317:
11313:
11309:
11305:
11298:
11293:
11290:
11286:
11285:
11283:
11261:
11257:
11253:
11250:
11246:
11243:
11239:
11236:
11232:
11228:
11225:
11221:
11219:
11215:
11211:
11208:
11204:
11200:
11196:
11195:
11189:
11187:
11183:
11180:
11176:
11172:
11170:
11166:
11162:
11160:
11156:
11153:Roman, Eric.
11152:
11150:
11146:
11144:
11139:
11135:
11134:
11129:
11125:
11115:
11113:
11112:0-87113-665-1
11109:
11105:
11101:
11098:
11094:
11082:
11078:
11074:
11070:
11064:
11060:
11056:
11052:
11051:
11045:
11043:
11039:
11035:
11033:
11029:
11025:
11022:
11018:
11015:
11012:
11009:
11006:
11002:
10998:
10994:
10990:
10984:
10980:
10976:
10972:
10967:
10964:
10960:
10957:
10953:
10950:
10947:Good, David.
10946:
10944:(2nd ed 2009)
10943:
10939:
10935:
10931:
10927:
10921:
10917:
10913:
10909:
10904:
10900:
10896:
10892:
10888:
10884:
10882:0-8598-9563-7
10878:
10874:
10869:
10867:
10862:
10857:
10853:
10849:
10845:
10841:
10837:
10832:
10828:
10824:
10820:
10816:
10812:
10808:
10804:
10800:
10795:
10783:
10779:
10775:
10771:
10770:
10758:
10752:
10748:
10744:
10739:
10735:
10729:
10725:
10721:
10717:
10712:
10708:
10702:
10698:
10693:
10681:
10677:
10671:
10667:
10666:
10661:
10657:
10651:
10650:
10644:
10640:
10636:
10632:
10628:
10624:
10620:
10616:
10610:
10609:
10602:
10598:
10596:3-2059-8179-0
10592:
10588:
10583:
10579:
10577:3-4865-6079-4
10573:
10569:
10564:
10560:
10556:
10552:
10547:
10543:
10537:
10533:
10528:
10524:
10520:
10516:
10514:0-0604-0171-0
10510:
10506:
10501:
10500:
10487:
10482:
10475:
10463:
10459:
10453:
10449:
10448:
10440:
10424:
10420:
10419:
10414:
10408:
10392:
10388:
10385:(in German).
10384:
10378:
10362:
10358:
10354:
10347:
10345:
10337:
10336:Headlam 1911b
10332:
10324:
10323:
10318:
10314:
10308:
10307:public domain
10294:
10292:
10284:
10278:
10270:
10266:
10262:
10261:
10256:
10250:
10234:
10230:
10224:
10208:
10204:
10198:
10182:
10178:
10172:
10156:
10152:
10146:
10130:
10126:
10119:
10103:
10100:. Dradio.de.
10099:
10093:
10085:
10081:
10077:
10076:
10071:
10065:
10046:
10042:
10036:
10032:
10025:
10018:
10002:
9998:
9994:
9988:
9972:
9968:
9961:
9945:
9941:
9935:
9929:
9925:
9922:
9918:
9912:
9903:
9887:
9883:
9877:
9868:
9859:
9849:
9840:
9833:
9832:0-948106-27-1
9829:
9823:
9816:
9815:963-552-313-0
9812:
9805:
9797:
9791:
9787:
9786:
9778:
9771:
9767:
9763:
9762:Mikulas Teich
9758:
9750:
9744:
9740:
9739:
9731:
9724:
9720:
9716:
9710:
9701:
9692:
9683:
9674:
9658:
9654:
9648:
9639:
9631:
9627:
9620:
9618:
9601:
9597:
9591:
9584:
9583:3-515-08613-7
9580:
9576:
9570:
9554:
9550:
9544:
9529:
9523:
9521:
9511:
9503:
9497:
9493:
9492:
9487:
9481:
9465:
9461:
9455:
9451:
9450:
9442:
9432:
9424:
9417:
9411:
9408:Good, David.
9405:
9396:
9387:
9379:
9372:
9363:
9344:
9337:
9330:
9322:
9316:
9312:
9311:
9303:
9287:
9283:
9277:
9261:
9257:
9251:
9244:
9240:
9237:
9234:
9230:
9229:1-317-11844-8
9226:
9222:
9216:
9200:
9196:
9192:
9185:
9174:
9167:
9160:
9152:
9148:
9141:
9125:
9121:
9115:
9108:
9102:
9094:
9090:
9084:
9077:
9072:
9065:
9060:
9052:
9048:
9042:
9034:
9028:
9024:
9023:
9015:
9007:
9003:
8996:
8980:
8976:
8975:
8967:
8965:
8956:
8952:
8945:
8937:
8931:
8927:
8926:
8918:
8910:
8909:
8901:
8890:
8886:
8879:
8872:
8865:
8861:
8856:
8840:
8836:
8832:
8826:
8811:
8807:
8801:
8797:
8793:
8786:
8770:
8766:
8764:9781904350408
8760:
8757:. p. 8.
8756:
8752:
8748:
8747:
8739:
8732:
8726:
8718:
8714:
8710:
8706:
8699:
8693:, p. 39.
8692:
8687:
8671:
8667:
8661:
8642:
8635:
8629:
8623:
8618:
8611:
8610:3-486-56700-4
8607:
8601:
8585:
8581:
8579:9789639116030
8575:
8571:
8567:
8566:
8558:
8543:
8537:
8533:
8532:
8525:
8510:
8504:
8500:
8496:
8495:
8487:
8480:
8476:
8471:
8464:
8460:
8457:
8452:
8445:
8440:
8424:
8420:
8418:9780823233434
8414:
8410:
8406:
8405:
8397:
8390:
8385:
8377:
8373:
8369:
8368:
8360:
8344:
8340:
8334:
8332:
8324:
8319:
8317:
8309:
8304:
8295:
8290:
8286:
8285:
8280:
8273:
8265:
8259:
8255:
8251:
8244:
8236:
8230:
8226:
8222:
8218:
8211:
8202:
8186:
8182:
8181:H-Net Reviews
8178:
8171:
8163:
8156:
8140:
8136:
8134:9780873386517
8130:
8126:
8122:
8121:
8113:
8105:
8099:
8095:
8088:
8080:
8073:
8065:
8059:
8055:
8048:
8032:
8028:
8022:
8015:(2): 284â305.
8014:
8010:
8003:
7995:
7988:
7980:
7974:
7970:
7966:
7960:
7952:
7946:
7942:
7938:
7934:
7928:
7920:
7914:
7910:
7903:
7895:
7889:
7885:
7878:
7870:
7864:
7860:
7853:
7845:
7839:
7835:
7831:
7825:
7817:
7810:
7791:
7787:
7783:
7779:
7773:
7769:
7765:
7761:
7757:
7750:
7743:
7741:
7733:
7728:
7720:
7714:
7710:
7706:
7699:
7691:
7687:
7680:
7661:
7657:
7653:
7649:
7645:
7641:
7637:
7630:
7626:
7620:
7612:
7608:
7604:
7600:
7594:
7592:
7583:
7579:
7575:
7571:
7565:
7557:
7550:
7542:
7538:
7532:
7516:
7512:
7506:
7496:
7489:
7485:
7479:
7475:
7468:
7460:
7454:
7450:
7446:
7439:
7432:
7427:
7419:
7413:
7409:
7405:
7398:
7391:
7380:
7374:
7370:
7365:
7364:
7355:
7348:
7336:
7332:
7331:
7324:
7317:
7313:
7307:
7303:
7296:
7289:
7284:
7278:
7274:
7267:
7259:
7253:
7249:
7242:
7235:
7229:
7222:
7217:
7208:
7199:
7192:
7187:
7180:
7175:
7159:
7155:
7149:
7142:
7137:
7129:
7125:
7119:
7103:
7099:
7095:
7089:
7087:
7085:
7083:
7081:
7079:
7077:
7069:
7064:
7056:
7050:
7046:
7042:
7035:
7027:
7020:
7004:
7000:
6996:
6992:
6986:
6978:
6974:
6970:
6966:
6962:
6958:
6954:
6950:
6946:
6942:
6935:
6919:
6915:
6911:
6904:
6898:
6893:
6891:
6889:
6879:
6871:
6864:
6862:
6853:
6852:
6846:
6838:
6830:
6826:
6820:
6816:
6815:
6807:
6800:
6796:
6795:
6790:
6789:2-8593-9739-6
6786:
6782:
6776:
6769:
6768:3-8000-3168-X
6765:
6759:
6751:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6731:
6729:
6721:
6717:
6711:
6709:
6692:
6688:
6684:
6678:
6662:
6658:
6654:
6652:
6643:
6635:
6633:9780816074693
6629:
6625:
6624:
6616:
6608:
6607:
6602:
6596:
6589:
6585:
6579:
6563:
6559:
6553:
6545:
6544:
6537:
6529:
6528:
6521:
6513:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6494:
6492:
6490:
6488:
6486:
6484:
6474:
6467:
6463:
6462:Austrian Jews
6459:
6455:
6451:
6444:
6440:
6436:
6432:
6426:
6410:
6406:
6405:
6400:
6394:
6387:
6383:
6380:
6376:
6370:
6354:
6350:
6343:
6339:
6323:
6315:
6309:
6303:
6299:
6295:
6291:
6287:
6281:
6275:
6271:
6267:
6262:
6256:
6252:
6246:
6242:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6182:
6173:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6164:
6163:
6162:
6153:
6151:
6147:
6144:
6141:
6137:
6133:
6129:
6126:
6123:
6119:
6118:Veliki SkoÄaj
6115:
6111:
6107:
6104:
6103:
6102:
6101:
6100:
6092:
6088:
6084:
6081:
6078:and northern
6077:
6073:
6070:
6067:
6063:
6059:
6056:and parts of
6055:
6051:
6047:
6044:
6040:
6037:
6033:
6029:
6025:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6010:
6007:
6003:
6000:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5974:
5969:
5968:
5960:
5956:
5952:
5948:
5947:Boka Kotorska
5944:
5941:
5937:
5934:
5930:
5926:
5922:
5918:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5906:Lesser Poland
5903:
5900:
5897:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5882:
5878:
5875:
5871:
5868:
5865:
5861:
5858:
5855:
5851:
5847:
5846:
5845:
5843:
5842:
5837:
5836:
5831:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5811:
5809:
5805:
5799:
5795:
5794:Upper Austria
5791:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5775:
5771:
5770:Lower Austria
5767:
5763:
5759:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5743:
5739:
5737:
5733:
5727:
5723:
5722:
5711:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5693:
5689:
5685:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5662:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5639:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5626:
5622:
5618:
5615:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5580:
5573:
5565:
5555:
5545:
5519:
5518:Saint Germain
5515:
5510:
5503:
5502:Saint Germain
5499:
5494:
5480:
5478:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5456:
5454:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5438:
5437:MiklĂłs Horthy
5434:
5430:
5425:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5394:
5390:
5387:
5384:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5351:
5341:
5339:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5323:
5322:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5298:
5288:
5286:
5281:
5279:
5271:
5267:
5263:
5256:
5251:
5242:
5238:
5235:
5225:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5205:
5203:
5199:
5194:
5192:
5182:
5179:
5175:
5172:
5168:
5165:
5156:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5117:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5061:
5057:
5056:
5055:
5049:
5048:Bielsko-BiaĆa
5045:
5041:
5038:
5034:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4993:
4989:
4986:
4982:
4981:
4980:
4977:
4974:
4965:
4963:
4960:line (1888),
4959:
4956:line (1888),
4955:
4952:line (1887),
4951:
4947:
4943:
4938:
4936:
4926:
4923:
4914:
4909:
4905:
4895:
4893:
4884:
4875:
4872:
4862:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4809:
4805:
4804:food industry
4799:
4797:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4736:
4732:
4731:Panic of 1873
4727:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4629:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4610:
4601:
4599:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4558:
4543:
4540:
4532:
4521:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4507:
4504:
4500:
4497:
4493:
4490: â
4489:
4485:
4484:Find sources:
4478:
4474:
4468:
4467:
4462:This section
4460:
4456:
4451:
4450:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4407:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4363:
4359:
4354:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4275:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4202:
4199:in his book,
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4130:
4129:Kultursprache
4119:
4115:
4113:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4085:
4078:
4075:
4074:Landessprache
4069:
4062:
4060:
4055:
4047:
4046:
4040:
4032:
4024:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4010:Magyarization
4007:
4003:
3997:
3987:
3985:
3980:
3976:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3951:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3908:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3870:
3862:
3857:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3831:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3784:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3762:
3758:
3749:
3746:
3740:
3731:
3729:
3728:IstvĂĄn BuriĂĄn
3723:
3716:
3711:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3675:
3674:Romanian Army
3669:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3612:Western front
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3592:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3571:Luigi Cadorna
3569:
3560:
3559:Italian Front
3556:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3438:Eastern front
3431:
3427:
3422:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3382:
3380:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3362:
3352:
3349:
3342:
3332:
3330:
3320:
3316:
3315:Franz Josef I
3312:
3307:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3283:
3277:
3275:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3238:
3234:
3227:
3222:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3189:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3150:
3140:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3055:
3052:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3015:
3014:Eduard Wagnes
3011:
3007:
3003:
3002:special units
2999:
2994:
2989:
2988:Bosnia Crisis
2985:
2981:
2971:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2930:
2925:
2916:
2914:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2842:
2830:
2825:
2823:
2818:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2794:
2793:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2709:ĂrpĂĄd dynasty
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2674:
2673:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2599:
2598:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2394:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2320:Royal Hungary
2318:
2317:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2279:
2278:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2194:
2193:
2184:862–895
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2164:567–822
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2154:469–553
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2144:454–567
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2129:
2128:
2121:
2120:Hunnic Empire
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2099:Early history
2096:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2055:
2050:
2048:
2043:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1871:Austrofascism
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1620:Early history
1617:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1567:
1565:
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1355:
1349:
1347:
1344:; Hungarian:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1326:; Hungarian:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1314:Dual Monarchy
1311:
1308:; Hungarian:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1290:; Hungarian:
1289:
1284:
1280:) (in detail
1274:
1269:
1266:; Hungarian:
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1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1112:dual monarchy
1108:
1106:
1102:
1101:German Empire
1098:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
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1059:Dual Monarchy
1056:
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1029:
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747:
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727:
721:
717:
714:
708:
704:
701:
695:
691:
688:
682:
678:
675:
674:Dual Alliance
669:
666:30 March 1867
665:
662:
656:
652:
646:
643:
641:
638:
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631:
625:
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74:
67:
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18566:
18375:Architecture
18342:Prostitution
18273:Demographics
18237:Unemployment
18227:Trade unions
18062:Intelligence
18057:Human rights
18042:Constitution
17917:Coat of arms
17875:List of wars
17860:Christianity
17827:World War II
17801:
17762:Principality
17667:South Africa
17662:Sierra Leone
17609:
17439:Two Sicilies
17374:Papal States
17213:
17174:
17113:
17006:
16872:
16632:Cook Islands
16485:
16471:Saudi Arabia
16400:
15988:Coat of arms
15978:Architecture
15945:Prostitution
15915:Demographics
15793:Legal system
15771:Human rights
15751:Constitution
15592:
15546:East Francia
15179:Contemporary
15029:Indo-Persian
15017:Nazi Germany
14961:Contemporary
14905:
14863:Vijayanagara
14762:Great Seljuk
14673:Thessalonica
14601:Golden Horde
14241:Carthaginian
14020:Neo-Assyrian
14005:Neo-Sumerian
13867:Artur Phleps
13732:Heads of the
13657:Generalmajor
13549:(GdI) Franz
13543:von Pitreich
13425:
13402:
13375:Kriegsmarine
13373:
13322:
13315:
13308:
13281:
13274:
12796:Cisleithania
12783:
12710:
12706:
12694:Condominiums
12548:Cisleithania
12539:
11949:
11925:
11918:
11907:. Retrieved
11882:
11878:
11847:
11829:
11805:
11801:
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11430:
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11391:
11387:
11360:
11343:
11339:
11328:the original
11307:
11303:
11288:
11264:. Retrieved
11248:
11241:
11230:
11223:
11213:
11206:
11193:
11174:
11164:
11154:
11142:
11131:
11103:
11096:
11085:. Retrieved
11049:
11037:
11027:
11020:
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11004:
10970:
10962:
10955:
10948:
10941:
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10872:
10860:
10835:
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10798:
10786:. Retrieved
10777:
10742:
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10696:
10684:. Retrieved
10664:
10648:
10634:
10622:
10607:
10586:
10567:
10550:
10531:
10504:
10496:Bibliography
10481:
10473:
10466:. Retrieved
10446:
10439:
10427:. Retrieved
10423:the original
10416:
10407:
10395:. Retrieved
10377:
10365:. Retrieved
10356:
10338:, p. 4.
10331:
10320:
10282:
10277:
10259:
10249:
10239:11 September
10237:. Retrieved
10223:
10211:. Retrieved
10207:the original
10197:
10187:11 September
10185:. Retrieved
10171:
10161:11 September
10159:. Retrieved
10155:the original
10145:
10135:11 September
10133:. Retrieved
10129:the original
10118:
10108:11 September
10106:. Retrieved
10092:
10074:
10064:
10052:. Retrieved
10045:the original
10030:
10017:
10005:. Retrieved
9996:
9987:
9975:. Retrieved
9960:
9948:. Retrieved
9934:
9916:
9915:Kogan Page:
9911:
9902:
9890:. Retrieved
9876:
9867:
9858:
9848:
9839:
9822:
9804:
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9730:
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9673:
9661:. Retrieved
9657:the original
9647:
9638:
9630:the original
9604:. Retrieved
9590:
9574:
9569:
9557:. Retrieved
9543:
9531:. Retrieved
9510:
9490:
9480:
9468:. Retrieved
9448:
9441:
9431:
9422:
9416:
9409:
9404:
9395:
9386:
9377:
9371:
9362:
9350:. Retrieved
9343:the original
9329:
9309:
9302:
9290:. Retrieved
9286:the original
9276:
9264:. Retrieved
9260:the original
9250:
9233:Google Books
9220:
9215:
9203:. Retrieved
9194:
9184:
9159:
9151:the original
9140:
9128:. Retrieved
9114:
9106:
9101:
9092:
9083:
9071:
9059:
9050:
9041:
9021:
9014:
9005:
8995:
8983:. Retrieved
8973:
8950:
8944:
8924:
8917:
8907:
8900:
8884:
8871:
8863:
8855:
8843:. Retrieved
8834:
8825:
8814:, retrieved
8795:
8785:
8773:. Retrieved
8745:
8738:
8730:
8725:
8708:
8704:
8698:
8691:Headlam 1911
8686:
8674:. Retrieved
8660:
8648:. Retrieved
8641:the original
8628:
8617:
8600:
8588:. Retrieved
8564:
8557:
8545:. Retrieved
8530:
8524:
8512:. Retrieved
8493:
8486:
8474:
8470:
8451:
8439:
8427:. Retrieved
8403:
8396:
8384:
8366:
8359:
8347:. Retrieved
8343:the original
8303:
8282:
8272:
8249:
8243:
8216:
8210:
8201:
8191:25 September
8189:. Retrieved
8180:
8170:
8161:
8155:
8143:. Retrieved
8119:
8112:
8093:
8087:
8078:
8072:
8053:
8047:
8037:11 September
8035:. Retrieved
8031:the original
8021:
8012:
8008:
8002:
7993:
7987:
7968:
7959:
7936:
7927:
7908:
7902:
7883:
7877:
7858:
7852:
7833:
7824:
7815:
7809:
7797:. Retrieved
7790:the original
7759:
7727:
7704:
7698:
7689:
7685:
7679:
7667:. Retrieved
7642:(1): 65â86.
7639:
7635:
7619:
7602:
7573:
7564:
7555:
7549:
7540:
7531:
7521:29 September
7519:. Retrieved
7505:
7495:
7487:
7473:
7467:
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7438:
7426:
7403:
7397:
7389:
7382:. Retrieved
7362:
7354:
7346:
7339:. Retrieved
7329:
7323:
7315:
7301:
7295:
7286:
7272:
7266:
7247:
7241:
7233:
7228:
7216:
7207:
7198:
7186:
7181:, chapter 8.
7174:
7162:. Retrieved
7148:
7136:
7128:the original
7118:
7106:. Retrieved
7097:
7070:, chapter 6.
7063:
7040:
7034:
7025:
7019:
7007:. Retrieved
6985:
6947:(1): 20â34.
6944:
6940:
6934:
6922:. Retrieved
6913:
6903:
6878:
6869:
6849:
6837:
6829:the original
6813:
6806:
6799:Google Books
6797:, p. 60, at
6792:
6780:
6775:
6758:
6747:
6715:
6695:. Retrieved
6686:
6677:
6665:. Retrieved
6656:
6650:
6642:
6622:
6615:
6605:
6595:
6583:
6578:
6566:. Retrieved
6552:
6542:
6536:
6526:
6520:
6509:
6473:
6457:
6442:
6438:
6434:
6430:
6425:
6413:. Retrieved
6402:
6393:
6374:
6369:
6359:11 September
6357:. Retrieved
6353:the original
6342:
6322:
6308:
6280:
6261:
6245:
6158:
6157:
6097:
6096:
6050:Transylvania
6027:
5971:
5965:
5964:
5910:Subcarpathia
5862:(except the
5841:Cisleithania
5839:
5833:
5832:
5828:
5802:
5732:Cisleithania
5730:
5697:
5668:proto-states
5621:proto-states
5578:
5465:Habsburg Law
5462:
5426:
5398:
5369:
5335:
5331:
5320:
5300:
5282:
5277:
5274:
5254:
5239:
5231:
5218:GĂĄbor Baross
5211:
5202:Adriatic Sea
5195:
5188:
5161:
5053:
4978:
4971:
4964:line (1912)
4940:Electrified
4939:
4932:
4919:
4889:
4868:
4859:
4850:
4844:
4800:
4779:
4763:central bank
4755:Wiener Börse
4751:urbanization
4745:accelerated
4740:
4626:
4615:
4594:
4563:
4535:
4526:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4495:
4483:
4471:Please help
4466:verification
4463:
4404:
4402:
4382:Adolf Hitler
4367:
4362:Leopoldstadt
4305:
4296:Istvan Tisza
4276:
4236:Transylvania
4229:
4221:Brno (BrĂŒnn)
4205:
4200:
4197:Misha Glenny
4182:
4167:
4135:equal rights
4126:
4124:
4108:
4098:(NagyrĆce),
4092:(gymnasiums)
4088:
4080:
4064:
4058:
4056:
4052:
3990:Demographics
3983:
3971:
3953:After 1878,
3952:
3920:
3902:
3890:Cisleithania
3875:
3832:
3816:
3804:
3776:
3772:
3741:
3737:
3724:
3720:
3715:PÄuleni-Ciuc
3671:
3656:Villa Giusti
3644:Armando Diaz
3624:
3589:
3587:
3583:four battles
3564:
3522:
3494:puppet state
3471:
3435:
3394:
3379:Green Cadres
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3344:
3325:
3286:
3279:
3270:
3253:IstvĂĄn Tisza
3242:
3212:
3193:
3134:
3130:
3115:
3111:
3087:
3056:
3047:
3035:
3019:
2968:
2960:Napoleon III
2933:
2897:
2866:
2838:
2759:Coat of arms
2744:Christianity
2739:List of Wars
2602:Contemporary
2585:World War II
2454:
2300:Ottoman Wars
2282:Early modern
2265:Ottoman Wars
2015:
1898:World War II
1814:
1719:East Francia
1563:
1538:
1536:
1518:
1514:
1498:
1490:
1482:
1474:
1465:Cisleithania
1452:
1444:
1434:
1426:
1421:k.u.k. Armee
1418:
1410:
1398:
1387:
1352:
1350:
1331:
1313:
1295:
1253:
1244:
1234:
1222:
1180:
1148:
1120:Cisleithania
1109:
1094:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1049:
986:West Ukraine
941:
895:
863:Succeeded by
862:
857:
718:28 July 1914
705:28 June 1914
446:Emperor-King
272:Largest city
198:Cisleithania
137:
118:Motto:
117:
100:Coat of arms
36:
18588: /
18491:Spa culture
18322:Irredentism
18160:Agriculture
18089:Nationality
17807:World War I
17606:British Raj
17578:(Sri Lanka)
17464:WĂŒrttemberg
17176:South Yemen
17064:Maguindanao
16957:Afghanistan
16718:Barotseland
16654:Saint Lucia
16627:New Zealand
16536:Netherlands
16309:Chhatrapati
16293:Sovereignty
16233:Aristocracy
15940:Pornography
15930:Health care
15834:Agriculture
15788:LGBT rights
15781:enforcement
14767:Khwarezmian
14700:Carolingian
14505:Rashtrakuta
14209:Shaishunaga
14108:Hellenistic
14091:New Kingdom
14081:Old Kingdom
13877:Alfred Redl
13822:Franz Böhme
13677:of the Navy
13532:GdK Edmund
13525:FZM Rudolf
13386:Battleships
13317:Schutzkorps
13283:KaiserjÀger
13213:Common Army
12737:(1901â1917)
12709:1908â1918;
12684:(1867â1882)
12394:LajtabĂĄnsĂĄg
12310:Short-lived
12253:Sudetenland
12169:Pichon Line
11930:online free
11149:online free
9130:19 November
8985:7 September
8775:14 November
8650:19 November
8622:Taylor 1964
8590:16 November
8444:Watson 2014
8389:Watson 2014
8323:Watson 2014
8308:Watson 2014
8145:19 November
7732:Watson 2014
7692:(2): 163ff.
7384:2 September
7221:Bridge 1972
7211:Wank, 2020.
6770:, in German
6464:, although
6253:and 10â12%
6136:Herceg Novi
6114:Mali SkoÄaj
6043:Zakarpattia
6030:along with
5885:South Tyrol
5704:Switzerland
5504:(1919â1920)
5311:Common Army
5228:Tisza River
5150:Underground
5088:NyĂregyhĂĄza
5068:Szombathely
4796:pastoralism
4374:antisemitic
4246:in today's
4223:). The old
4084:Sudetenland
3923:parliaments
3912:Common Army
3880:turned the
3745:German army
3514:proto state
3214:Schutzkorps
3160:July Crisis
2900:Ferenc DeĂĄk
2475:World War I
2397:Late modern
2290:Reformation
2235:Golden Bull
2079:History of
1827:World War I
1746:Middle Ages
1600:History of
1217:Silver coin
1179:successors
1155:World War I
858:Preceded by
844:(1892â1918)
836:(1867â1892)
787:4 June 1920
700:July Crisis
645:World War I
571:Legislature
231:Condominium
182:World War I
103:(1915â1918)
18603:Categories
18576:16°21âČ54âłE
18573:48°12âČ27âłN
18506:Television
18471:Literature
18461:Inventions
18312:Hungarians
18302:Healthcare
18192:(currency)
18094:Parliament
17895:Holy Crown
17672:Tanganyika
17587:The Gambia
17515:NiuÄ-Fekai
17454:Yugoslavia
17354:Montenegro
17161:Upper Yafa
17156:Upper Asir
16793:Madagascar
16526:Luxembourg
16258:Government
16223:Abdication
16192:Hereditary
16120:Monarchies
16008:Literature
15803:Parliament
15766:Government
15685:Ecoregions
15337:Portuguese
15218:Revival Le
15208:Vietnamese
14851:Later Tran
14821:Vietnamese
14717:Singhasari
14705:Holy Roman
14329:Bulgarian
14265:Satavahana
14236:Phoenician
14172:Achaemenid
14133:Indo-Greek
14113:Macedonian
14027:Babylonian
13790:Commanders
13505:von Koller
13444:Leadership
13245:First Army
12713:1878â1918)
11885:: 88â108.
11737:(3): 208.
10891:1150075157
10844:1149195550
10686:4 December
10631:Sked, Alan
10267:. p.
10082:. p.
9766:Roy Porter
9266:28 January
8429:2 December
8223:. p.
7341:7 December
7098:Britannica
7009:31 January
6334:References
6128:Montenegro
6014:(Croatian
5992:Burgenland
5933:Chernivtsi
5850:Burgenland
5798:Vorarlberg
5766:KĂŒstenland
5708:Vorarlberg
5449:Versailles
5319:Hungarian
5317:, and the
5222:Iron Gates
5216:. Finally
5060:Bratislava
5035:Dalmatia:
4954:Szentendre
4869:The first
4775:1990 Int$
4693:Ruthenian
4653:Hungarian
4529:April 2023
4499:newspapers
4427:Samu Hazai
4018:Panslavism
4000:See also:
3984:status quo
3967:Montenegro
3886:real union
3850:Government
3482:Wilhelm II
3359:See also:
3339:See also:
3319:Wilhelm II
3208:Ivo AndriÄ
3099:Maximilian
3079:Montenegro
3043:Suez Canal
3022:Pan-Slavic
2764:Literature
2714:Holy Crown
2684:Hungarians
2664:since 2012
1985:Liberalism
1709:Carantania
1687:Marcomanni
1521:kraljevski
1276:(English:
1256:was used (
1248:(English:
1192:, and the
1116:real union
1000:Yugoslavia
821:51,390,223
810:Population
434:Government
424:Demonym(s)
396:Protestant
229:, and the
105:(see also
18451:Festivals
18332:Languages
18278:Education
18232:Transport
18179:Companies
18111:President
18047:Elections
18001:Mountains
17973:Hydrology
17931:Geography
17642:Mauritius
17535:Rarotonga
17520:Nuku Hiva
17510:Mangareva
17485:Bora Bora
17364:NeuchĂątel
17334:Lithuania
17239:Catalonia
17126:Sri Lanka
17079:Manchukuo
17054:Kurdistan
17008:Indonesia
16931:Talamanca
16891:AraucanĂa
16874:and other
16853:Wassoulou
16597:Australia
16273:Oligarchy
15935:Languages
15920:Education
15874:Transport
15844:Companies
15756:Elections
15695:Mountains
15680:Districts
15653:Geography
15623:Anschluss
15509:Roman Era
15330:Couronian
14968:Ethiopian
14956:Manchukuo
14911:Brazilian
14757:Ghaznavid
14727:Srivijaya
14678:Trebizond
14663:Byzantine
14645:North Sea
14640:Norwegian
14628:Almoravid
14611:Ilkhanate
14581:Majapahit
14554:Muromachi
14463:Solomonic
14448:Ethiopian
14362:Caliphate
14295:Aragonese
14123:Ptolemaic
13609:Charles I
13553:Schönaich
13465:Charles I
13419:Air Force
13276:FeldjÀger
12844:1900â1901
12814:1871â1872
12416:to Poland
12147:Diplomacy
11944:In German
11899:143745426
11822:143481172
11416:154381768
11324:145716467
11276:World war
11087:23 August
11077:239313989
10997:167195732
10934:28444909M
10852:13524274M
10827:151977197
10788:19 August
10559:22077590M
10523:21992200M
10429:28 August
10265:Macmillan
10213:28 August
10080:Macmillan
10007:8 October
9892:19 August
9772:, p. 266.
9585:, p. 246.
9470:17 August
9352:28 August
8547:1 January
8514:1 January
8349:28 August
7656:154930518
7611:21170640M
7094:"Austria"
6977:144762108
6961:0008-9389
6897:Kann 1974
6588:Frankfurt
6454:Ukrainian
6429:From the
6298:Hungarian
6286:âčSee Tfdâș
6274:Unitarian
6076:Vojvodina
6066:MaramureÈ
6006:Prekmurje
5990:Austria (
5874:Prekmurje
5864:HluÄĂnsko
5750:Carinthia
5326:Landsturm
5266:Dubrovnik
5143:Dubrovnik
5121:Croatia:
5084:Satu Mare
5076:TimiÈoara
5042:Galicia:
5037:Dubrovnik
4985:Innsbruck
4865:Telephone
4847:Pressburg
4841:Telegraph
4771:GDP (PPP)
4737:followed.
4685:Romanian
4661:Croatian
4592:in 1365.
4445:Education
4292:Charles I
4264:Vojvodina
4232:Romanians
3948:Reichsrat
3940:âčSee Tfdâș
3717:, Romania
3691:Bucharest
3627:Caporetto
3355:Homefront
3069:with the
1881:Anschluss
1866:Civil War
1695:Baiuvarii
1641:Roman Era
1556:Hungarian
1544:âčSee Tfdâș
1377:Hungarian
1337:âčSee Tfdâș
1319:âčSee Tfdâș
1301:âčSee Tfdâș
1283:âčSee Tfdâș
1259:âčSee Tfdâș
1240:Hungarian
1226:âčSee Tfdâș
1163:dissolved
375:Religion
324:Ruthenian
292:Hungarian
84:1867â1918
73:Hungarian
18551:Category
18456:Folklore
18433:Sausages
18352:Religion
18212:Taxation
18197:Industry
18077:Military
18025:Politics
17948:Counties
17907:Nobility
17890:Monarchs
17870:Military
17865:Economic
17757:Pannonia
17732:articles
17657:Rhodesia
17652:Pakistan
17571:Barbados
17540:Rimatara
17530:Rapa Iti
17459:Valencia
17434:Tavolara
17424:Scotland
17389:Portugal
17349:Moldavia
17234:Bulgaria
17229:Brittany
17204:Asturias
17084:Mongolia
17074:Maldives
16936:Trinidad
16926:Suriname
16884:Americas
16868:Zimbabwe
16863:Zanzibar
16848:Wituland
16823:Ngazidja
16818:Ndzuwani
16753:Ethiopia
16476:Thailand
16456:Malaysia
16436:Cambodia
16386:Eswatini
16182:Elective
16167:Absolute
16073:Category
15950:Religion
15900:Abortion
15859:Taxation
15798:Military
15734:Politics
15536:Rugiland
15519:Pannonia
15476:articles
15310:Japanese
15273:Scottish
15253:American
15245:Colonial
15174:Imperial
15142:Moroccan
15078:Japanese
15056:Afsharid
14915:Burmese
14901:Austrian
14856:Later Le
14831:Early Le
14816:Venetian
14742:Tiwanaku
14655:Hellenic
14618:Moroccan
14549:Kamakura
14539:Japanese
14522:Saffarid
14475:Georgian
14389:Chalukya
14367:Rashidun
14357:Calakmul
14325:Bruneian
14204:Haryanka
14182:Sasanian
14177:Parthian
14128:Bactrian
14118:Seleucid
14098:Goguryeo
14076:Egyptian
14010:Assyrian
14000:Akkadian
13991:Colonies
13551:Freiherr
13534:Freiherr
13527:Freiherr
13520:Freiherr
13503:Freiherr
13493:Freiherr
13452:Emperors
13433:Aircraft
13391:Cruisers
13260:Weaponry
13081:Dalmatia
12711:de facto
12435:to China
12429:to Italy
12420:Bukovina
12407:Cessions
12179:Vix Note
12096:Treaties
12038:Archived
11984:Archived
11933:Archived
11903:Archived
11837:Archived
11678:Archived
11661:Archived
11644:Archived
11608:Archived
11597:96478651
11502:(1966).
11474:6715012M
11438:Archived
11310:: 1â56.
11260:Archived
11182:Archived
11126:(1922).
11081:Archived
10899:1313375M
10819:40650848
10782:Archived
10778:BBC News
10680:Archived
10662:(2001).
10645:(1964).
10633:(1989).
10621:(1976),
10462:Archived
10391:Archived
10361:Archived
10257:(1919).
10233:Archived
10181:Archived
10102:Archived
10072:(1919).
10001:Archived
9977:10 April
9971:Archived
9950:25 March
9944:Archived
9924:Archived
9921:page 174
9886:Archived
9725:, p. 31.
9663:11 March
9606:25 March
9600:Archived
9559:11 March
9553:Archived
9533:25 March
9488:(2013).
9464:Archived
9239:Archived
9199:Archived
9195:650 Plus
9173:Archived
9124:Archived
9049:(2003).
8979:Archived
8889:Archived
8839:Archived
8810:archived
8769:Archived
8753:for the
8676:24 March
8670:Archived
8612:, p. 150
8584:Archived
8459:Archived
8423:Archived
8376:Archived
8221:ABC-CLIO
8185:Archived
8139:Archived
7967:(2011).
7832:(1968).
7786:16455027
7660:Archived
7627:(1991).
7601:(1988).
7582:5388162M
7572:(1971).
7539:(2013).
7515:Archived
7335:Archived
7232:Langer,
7164:24 March
7158:Archived
7108:24 March
7102:Archived
7003:Archived
6918:Archived
6691:Archived
6661:Archived
6603:(1896).
6590:), 1996.
6562:Archived
6415:25 March
6409:Archived
6382:Archived
6270:Reformed
6266:Lutheran
6179:See also
6170:(former
6132:Sutorina
6080:Belgrade
6032:Slavonia
6002:Slovenia
5986:Slovakia
5959:Sutomore
5955:Petrovac
5929:Ternopil
5881:Trentino
5872:(except
5870:Slovenia
5852:without
5778:Salzburg
5758:Dalmatia
5754:Carniola
5746:Bukovina
5690:and the
5659:(former
5636:and the
5418:BĂ©la Kun
5291:Military
5200:and the
5141:(1910);
5137:(1908);
5129:(1904);
5125:(1899);
5114:(1913);
5108:Novi Sad
5104:Debrecen
5102:(1908);
5098:(1906);
5086:(1900);
5078:(1899);
5070:(1897),
5066:(1897),
5064:Subotica
5046:(1894),
5013:(1901);
4808:Budapest
4677:Serbian
4370:populist
4320:deputies
4248:Slovakia
4170:Dalmatia
4151:Carniola
3882:Habsburg
3695:Moldavia
3683:Muntenia
3401:Brindisi
3196:Sarajevo
3020:Russian
2998:Bosniaks
2784:Budapest
2774:Székelys
2734:Military
2729:Nobility
2689:Timeline
2197:Medieval
2070:a series
2068:Part of
2017:Timeline
2000:Hinduism
1960:Football
1691:Lombards
1659:Rugiland
1649:Pannonia
1591:a series
1589:Part of
1531:Croatian
1394:k. u. k.
1356:and the
1340:German:
1322:German:
1304:German:
1286:German:
1262:German:
1200:and the
1173:and the
1118:between
1099:and the
826:Currency
390:Catholic
360:Friulian
328:Romanian
297:Croatian
258:Budapest
18535:Outline
18511:Theatre
18501:Symbols
18446:Fashion
18406:Cuisine
18381:Castles
18367:Culture
18251:Society
18222:Tourism
18189:Forint
18148:Economy
18099:Speaker
18037:Cabinet
18011:Regions
17979:Islands
17968:Geology
17958:Climate
17740:History
17728:Hungary
17647:Nigeria
17622:Ireland
17550:Tahuata
17525:Raiatea
17505:Huahine
17480:Abemama
17473:Oceania
17444:Tuscany
17399:Romania
17394:Prussia
17359:Navarre
17339:Majorca
17319:Ireland
17314:Imereti
17309:Iceland
17304:Hungary
17299:Hanover
17294:Granada
17284:Germany
17279:Georgia
17274:Galicia
17264:Finland
17254:Corsica
17249:Cilicia
17219:Bavaria
17209:Austria
17194:Albania
17166:Vietnam
17109:Sarawak
17099:Qu'aiti
17034:Kathiri
16997:Dapitan
16972:Bukhara
16921:Miskito
16843:Tunisia
16833:Shilluk
16743:Dahomey
16733:Burundi
16723:Bagirmi
16703:Adamawa
16622:Jamaica
16617:Grenada
16602:Bahamas
16566:Oceania
16516:Denmark
16511:Belgium
16506:Andorra
16421:Bahrain
16396:Morocco
16391:Lesotho
16370:Current
16361:Pharaoh
16314:Emperor
16253:Dynasty
16207:Regency
16187:Federal
16177:Diarchy
16131:Monarch
16057:Outline
16018:Museums
15993:Cuisine
15970:Culture
15888:Society
15869:Tourism
15839:Banking
15822:Economy
15628:Ostmark
15514:Noricum
15484:History
15472:Austria
15377:largest
15372:Empires
15352:Swedish
15347:Spanish
15342:Russian
15305:Italian
15280:Chinese
15268:English
15263:British
15258:Belgian
15233:Vietnam
15223:Tay son
15169:Tsarist
15164:Russian
15159:Ottoman
15125:Dzungar
15120:Khoshut
15093:Mexican
15088:Maratha
15071:Pahlavi
15051:Safavid
15046:Iranian
14973:Haitian
14936:Chinese
14896:Ashanti
14868:Wagadou
14794:Eastern
14789:Western
14772:Timurid
14732:Tibetan
14722:Songhai
14712:Serbian
14633:Almohad
14623:Idrisid
14527:Samanid
14517:Tahirid
14512:Iranian
14490:Kannauj
14470:Genoese
14406:Chinese
14399:Eastern
14394:Western
14382:Fatimid
14377:Abbasid
14372:Umayyad
14345:Burmese
14305:Ayyubid
14300:Angevin
14270:Xianbei
14258:Eastern
14253:Western
14199:Magadha
14162:Iranian
14155:Xiongnu
14140:Hittite
14049:Chinese
14037:Kassite
13986:Ancient
13978:Empires
13396:U-Boats
12782:and in
12707:de jure
12611:Trieste
12414:Galicia
12279:Hungary
12236:Austria
12002:at the
11778:(1919)
11466:1065632
11408:1875406
11340:History
11216:(1930)
11167:(1976)
10367:3 March
10319:(ed.).
10309::
10285:(1976).
10054:19 June
9292:11 June
9205:20 June
8845:30 June
8816:30 June
8370:(pdf).
7500:10,058.
6969:4545476
6924:31 July
6746:(ed.).
6667:20 July
6508:(ed.).
6317:Europe.
6255:Eastern
6110:Zavalje
6082:region)
6062:CriÈana
6054:Partium
6016:Baranja
6012:Croatia
5994:except
5981:Hungary
5940:Suceava
5914:Silesia
5899:Croatia
5879:Italy (
5782:Silesia
5774:Moravia
5762:Galicia
5742:Bohemia
5714:Present
5566:in 1914
5556:in 1914
5546:in 1914
5477:Madeira
5441:admiral
5405:Trianon
5253:The SS
5145:(1910).
5131:Opatija
5072:Miskolc
5030:Cieszyn
5011:Ostrava
5003:Moravia
4994:(1904).
4958:GödöllĆ
4950:RĂĄckeve
4851:Pozsony
4792:famines
4703:Economy
4669:Slovak
4645:German
4513:scholar
4411:Galicia
4406:shtetls
4390:pogroms
4358:Galicia
4348:in 1869
4324:poverty
4272:Romania
4260:Croatia
4244:Slovaks
4178:Galicia
3830:state.
3687:Dobruja
3679:Oltenia
3436:On the
3432:in 1915
3329:Germany
3261:Potsdam
3154:Prelude
3004:of the
2881:Tuscany
2862:Russian
2749:Economy
2660:Hungary
2081:Hungary
1965:Cricket
1645:Noricum
1602:Austria
1570:History
1564:Austria
1238:and in
1181:de jure
1057:or the
1014:Romania
926:Hungary
912:Austria
780:âą
763:âą
750:âą
737:âą
724:âą
711:âą
698:âą
685:âą
672:âą
659:âą
608:âą
582:âą
356:Yiddish
348:Italian
344:Slovene
336:Serbian
332:Bosnian
262:Hungary
252:Austria
241:Capital
227:Hungary
223:Austria
151:English
138:Anthem:
18556:Portal
18426:Dishes
18401:Cinema
18297:Health
18184:Energy
17993:Rivers
17900:Regent
17730:
17682:Uganda
17632:Malawi
17597:Guyana
17576:Ceylon
17555:Tahiti
17545:Rurutu
17500:Hawaii
17429:Serbia
17414:Saxony
17404:Russia
17289:Greece
17269:France
17259:Cyprus
17244:Crimea
17224:Bosnia
17199:Aragon
17187:Europe
17151:Taiwan
17121:Sikkim
17104:Ryukyu
17089:Najran
16987:Chehab
16967:Bengal
16916:Mexico
16901:Brazil
16828:Rwanda
16808:Maravi
16708:Ankole
16696:Africa
16688:Former
16669:Tuvalu
16612:Canada
16607:Belize
16551:Sweden
16541:Norway
16531:Monaco
16498:Europe
16451:Kuwait
16446:Jordan
16431:Brunei
16426:Bhutan
16378:Africa
16351:Sultan
16302:Titles
16216:Topics
16078:Portal
15983:Cinema
15854:Mining
15849:Energy
15710:States
15705:Rivers
15675:Cities
15524:Raetia
15474:
15315:Mongol
15300:German
15295:French
15285:Danish
15228:Dainam
15203:Tongan
15191:Somali
15186:Sokoto
15152:'Alawi
15130:Kalmyk
15110:Mongol
15103:Second
15083:Korean
15034:Mughal
15024:Indian
15007:German
15000:Second
14990:French
14983:Second
14919:Second
14891:Afghan
14883:Modern
14809:Kyrgyz
14804:Uighur
14799:Second
14779:Turkic
14747:Toltec
14683:Epirus
14668:Nicaea
14591:Mongol
14544:Yamato
14480:Huetar
14338:Second
14275:Rouran
14224:Shunga
14219:Maurya
14194:Kushan
14167:Median
14145:Hunnic
14103:Harsha
13541:Ritter
13485:(FML)
12729:(1918)
12604:Istria
11909:26 May
11897:
11862:
11834:online
11820:
11780:online
11761:197930
11759:
11724:online
11641:Online
11625:
11605:online
11595:
11564:
11543:
11522:
11509:online
11472:
11464:
11435:online
11414:
11406:
11375:
11322:
11291:(2016)
11235:online
11226:(1989)
11218:online
11179:ONLINE
11169:online
11159:online
11157:(2003)
11121:
11110:
11099:(2003)
11075:
11065:
11042:online
11032:online
10995:
10985:
10951:(1984)
10932:
10922:
10897:
10889:
10879:
10866:online
10850:
10842:
10825:
10817:
10753:
10730:
10703:
10672:
10593:
10574:
10557:
10538:
10521:
10511:
10468:4 June
10454:
10397:2 June
10315:". In
10303:
10037:
9830:
9813:
9792:
9745:
9721:
9581:
9498:
9456:
9317:
9227:
9109:, p. 5
9029:
8932:
8802:
8761:
8608:
8576:
8538:
8505:
8481:, 2007
8415:
8260:
8231:
8131:
8100:
8060:
7975:
7947:
7915:
7890:
7865:
7840:
7799:6 June
7784:
7774:
7715:
7654:
7609:
7580:
7480:
7455:
7414:
7375:
7308:
7279:
7254:
7051:
6975:
6967:
6959:
6821:
6794:online
6787:
6766:
6697:16 May
6630:
6466:Hebrew
6290:German
6072:Serbia
6064:, and
5996:Sopron
5854:Sopron
5820:; 18.
5812:: 16.
5796:, 15.
5792:, 14.
5788:, 13.
5786:Styria
5784:, 12.
5780:, 11.
5776:, 10.
5562:
5560:
5552:
5550:
5542:
5540:
5534:
5528:
5522:
5433:regent
5321:Honvéd
5285:Rijeka
5198:Danube
5171:UNESCO
5167:Line 1
5139:Zagreb
5135:Lovran
5118:(1913)
5112:KoĆĄice
5100:Szeged
5096:Oradea
5080:Sopron
5039:(1910)
4962:Csepel
4696:22.2%
4688:28.2%
4680:51.3%
4672:58.1%
4664:62.5%
4656:67.1%
4648:70.7%
4578:KrakĂłw
4515:
4508:
4501:
4494:
4486:
4386:Nazism
4310:, the
4308:Istria
4268:Serbia
4252:Croats
4250:, and
4217:Pilsen
4213:Prague
4208:Czechs
4155:corpus
4137:as an
4096:RevĂșca
4016:, and
3963:Serbia
3944:German
3929:: the
3637:under
3575:Isonzo
3551:Trento
3166:, and
3103:Rudolf
3083:Serbia
2986:, and
2677:Topics
2072:on the
1995:Cinema
1949:Vienna
1939:Topics
1653:Raetia
1593:on the
1548:German
1437:k.u.k.
1366:German
1346:KĂ©tsas
1330:) and
1294:) and
1230:German
1188:, the
1126:, and
1097:Russia
972:Poland
534:
492:
450:
414:Muslim
408:Jewish
388:76.6%
340:Slovak
320:Polish
287:German
275:Vienna
248:Vienna
233:(1908)
216:
214:
206:
204:
196:
194:
140:
69:
57:German
53:
18542:Index
18496:Sport
18486:Names
18481:Music
18476:Media
18441:Dance
18357:Women
18268:Crime
18165:Banks
17986:Lakes
17637:Malta
17627:Kenya
17602:India
17592:Ghana
17419:Savoy
17409:Samos
17324:Italy
17171:Yemen
17146:Tibet
17141:Syria
17094:Nepal
17069:Mahra
17049:Kumul
17044:Korea
17039:Khiva
17018:Qajar
17002:Hejaz
16992:China
16977:Burma
16906:Haiti
16896:Aztec
16813:Mwali
16803:Maore
16783:Libya
16778:Kongo
16773:Kaffa
16768:Gumma
16763:Gomma
16758:Ghana
16748:Egypt
16728:Bornu
16713:Aussa
16574:Tonga
16546:Spain
16466:Qatar
16441:Japan
16064:Index
16038:Sport
16023:Music
16013:Media
15960:Women
15910:Crime
15690:Lakes
15497:Celts
15365:Lists
15320:Omani
15290:Dutch
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