87:" in 1970 in a linguistic meaning, in the following passage: "In fact, both the person who has the turn and his partner are simultaneously engaged in both speaking and listening. This is because of the existence of what I call the back channel, over which the person who has the turn receives short messages such as 'yes' and 'uh-huh' without relinquishing the turn."
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Using a backchannel for educational purposes can function as a formal class activity or even an independent discussion without instructor participation and awareness. Aside from the normal discussion, a backchannel can also be used for note taking, asking questions, offering suggestions on different
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Research has demonstrated that backchannels help participants to feel as contributing members, not passive followers and make them feel more social. However, the research is mixed on the nature of this discussions, and especially regarding social interaction on the backchannels: some cases report
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Such systems were widely imagined and tested in late 1990s and early 2000s. These cases include researcher's installations on conferences and classroom settings. The first famous instance of backchannel communications influencing a talk occurred on March 26, 2002, at the
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McPherson, K; K. Huotari; Yo-Shang Cheng; David
Humphrey; Coye Cheshire; and Andrew Brooks. 2012. "Glitter: A Mixed-Methods Study of Twitter Use during Glee Broadcasts." In Proceedings of the ACM 2012 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work Companion, 167–170.
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Nelimarkka, Matti, Kai
Kuikkaniemi, and Giulio Jacucci. 2014. "A Field Trial of an Anonymous Backchannel Among Primary School Pupils." In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Supporting Group Work - GROUP ’14, 238–242. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press.
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Ratto, Matt, R. Benjamin
Shapiro, Tan Minh Truong, and William G. Griswold. 2003. "The Activeclass Project: Experiments in Encouraging Classroom Participation." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning 2003, 477–486.
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Du, Honglu, Mary Beth Rosson, John M. Carroll, and Craig Ganoe. 2009. "I Felt like a
Contributing Member of the Class." In Proceedinfs of the ACM 2009 International Conference on Supporting Group Work - GROUP ’09, 233–242. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press.
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to create backchannels that included participants who were not on location and at times in remote parts of the world. At times presenters were not aware of the backchannel and other occasions the presenters themselves were involved in the backchannel.
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Rekimoto, Jun, Yuji
Ayatsuka, Hitoraka Uoi, and Toshifumi Arai. 1998. "Adding Another Communication Channel to Reality." In CHI 98 Conference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI ’98, 271–272. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press.
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Rekimoto, Jun, Yuji
Ayatsuka, Hitoraka Uoi, and Toshifumi Arai. 1998. "Adding Another Communication Channel to Reality." In CHI 98 Conference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI ’98, 271–272. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press.
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Twitter is also widely used today by audiences to create backchannels during broadcasting of content or at conferences. For example, television drama, other forms of entertainment and magazine programs. This practice is often also called
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Du, Honglu, Mary Beth Rosson, and John M. Carroll. 2012. "Augmenting
Classroom Participation through Public Digital Backchannels." In Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Design of Communication - SIGDOC ’12, 127.
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wrote that "around that point, the audience turned hostile". Many commentators later attributed the audience's hostility to the information people shared while surfing and communicating on their laptops during
Nacchio's remarks.
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McCarthy, Joseph F., and Danah Boyd. 2005. "Digital
Backchannels in Shared Physical Spaces." In CHI ’05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '05, 1641–1644. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press.
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and interactive environment) has used backchannel communications to permit the node operators to pass URLs for display at another site, troubleshoot problems and even discuss what's for lunch at their location. The
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topics, and sharing resources with other students and faculty members. There are many different media networks out there that can be used as a backchannel. Including
Twitter, Facebook, Yammer and Instant Messaging.
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Harry, Drew, Joshua Green, and Judith Donath. 2009. "Backchan.nl." In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI 09, 1361–1370. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press.
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vast interaction where as others highlight that interaction on the platform was considered low. There are indicators that these tools however engage different members of the audience to provide their input.
115:. Buzz Bruggeman, a reader of Gillmor's, emailed information about a recent sizable transaction that had made Nacchio very wealthy; both Gillmor and Searls updated their weblogs with that information.
292:. 2011. "Encouraging Initiative in the Classroom with Anonymous Feedback." In Proceeding INTERACT’11 Proceedings of the 13th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, 627–642.
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has experimented with "Google Jockeys" to feed visual information and search results between the speakers and the backchannel, projected on multiple screens surrounding their seminars. Software like
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to actively communicate during presentation. More recent research include works where the backchannel is brought publicly visible, such as the ClassCommons, backchan.nl and Fragmented Social Mirror.
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Yardi, Sarita. 2006. "The Role of the Backchannel in Collaborative Learning Environments." In Proceeding ICLS ’06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Learning Sciences, 852–858.
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In 2009 Purdue University developed a tool called Hotseat that enabled students to comment on the course lectures in near real-time using social networking tools such as Facebook and Twitter.
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McPherson, K.; K. Huotari; Yo-Shang Cheng; David Humphrey; Coye Cheshire; and Andrew Brooks. 2012. "Glitter: A Mixed-Methods Study of Twitter Use during Glee Broadcasts." In
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McPherson, K.; K Huotari; Yo-Shang Cheng; David Humphrey; Coye Cheshire; and Andrew Brooks. 2012. "Glitter: A Mixed-Methods Study of Twitter Use during Glee Broadcasts." In
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Inviting Coworkers: Linking Scholars of Atlantic Canada on the Twitter Backchannel by Katherine O'Flaherty and Robert Gee, Acadiensis, vol. 41 no 2 (Summer/Fall 2012)
75:. Many conferences nowadays also have a hashtag that can be used by the participants to share notes and experiences; furthermore such hashtags can be user generated.
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The term "backchannel" generally refers to online conversation about the conference topic or speaker. Occasionally backchannel provides audience members a chance to
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allows for more formal backchannel: collaborative notetaking. In 2007 the Building Learning Communities Conference in Boston, Massachusetts used tools such as
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Hawthorne, J.; Houston, J. B.; McKinney, M. S. (2013). "Live-Tweeting a Presidential Primary Debate: Exploring New Political Conversations".
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Highfield, Tim; Harrington, Stephen; Bruns, Axel; Industries Precinct, Creative; Ave, Musk; Industries, Creative; Grove, Kelvin (2013).
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Cliff Atkinson. The Backchannel: How Audiences are Using Twitter and Social Media and Changing Presentations Forever, New Riders, 2009.
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Yngve, Victor. "On getting a word in edgewise," page 568. Papers from the Sixth Regional Meeting Chicago Linguistic Society, 1970.
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to maintain a real-time online conversation alongside the primary group activity or live spoken remarks. The term was coined from
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Du, Honglu; Mary Beth Rosson; and John M. Carroll. 2012. "Communication Patterns for a Classroom Public Digital Backchannel." In
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includes an LED text panel displaying phrases sent from the chat room to catch the attention of the speaker or audience. The
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First growing in popularity at technology conferences, backchannel is increasingly a factor in education where
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This article is about backchannels in conferencing and information technology. For unofficial diplomacy, see
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Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Design of Communication - SIGDOC ’12
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Larsson, Anders Olof (2013). "Tweeting the Viewer—Use of Twitter in a Talk Show Context".
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294:http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2042053.2042116
243:http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1150034.1150158
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401:Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media
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161:backchannel has evolved from the use of a
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567:http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2141569
550:http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2141569
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632:The companion website to
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691:What Is a BackChannel?
636:book by Cliff Atkinson
23:. For other uses, see
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459:10.1145/286498.286752
39:the linguistics term
671:Audience Gone Wild
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197:SubEthaEdit
180:Experiments
159:Access Grid
150:Access Grid
118:Forum host
105:Dan Gillmor
101:Joe Nacchio
31:Backchannel
700:Categories
665:danah boyd
655:Liz Lawley
212:References
185:Joichi Ito
109:Doc Searls
46:fact-check
189:HeckleBot
146:Internet2
35:computers
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93:PC Forum
499:13 June
201:Twitter
113:weblogs
79:History
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382:S2CID
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327:(PDF)
205:Skype
97:Qwest
501:2024
203:and
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107:and
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