209:
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A variation of this story replaces the vetal with a minor celestial who, in exchange for his own life, reveals the plot by two tradesmen (replacing the sorcerer) to assassinate
Vikrama and advises Vikrama to trick them into positions of vulnerability as described above. Having killed them, Vikrama is
244:
On their way to the tantric, Vetala tells his story. His parents did not have a son and a tantric blessed them with twin sons on a condition that both be educated under him. Vetala was taught everything in the world but often ill-treated. Whereas his brother was taught just what was needed but always
249:
and by sacrificing him the tantric could be immortal and rule the world using his tantric powers. Vetal also reveals that now the tantric's plan is to sacrifice Vikram, beheading him as he bowed in front of the goddess. The tantric could then gain control over the vetala and sacrifice his soul, thus
228:
On the twenty-fifth attempt, the Vetala tells the story of a father and a son in the aftermath of a devastating war. They find the queen and the princess alive in the chaos, and decide to take them home. In due time, the son marries the queen and the father marries the princess. Eventually, the son
204:
King
Vikrama faces many difficulties in bringing the vetala to the tantric. Each time Vikram tries to capture the vetala, it tells a story that ends with a riddle. If Vikrama cannot answer the question correctly, the vampire consents to remain in captivity. If the king knows the answer but still
821:
A new edition of the Hindí text, with each word expressed in the Hindústaní character immediately under the corresponding word in the Nágarí; and with a perfectly literal
English interlinear translation, accompanied by a free translation in English at the foot of each page, and explanatory
477:, a character named Vikrama the Vampire appears as a jinn. He tells how thousands of years ago, King Vikrama had set off to defeat the Vetala, a vampire jinn terrorizing one of his villages. Vikrama won the Vetala's game of wits, but forfeited his life. The Vetala now inhabits his body.
205:
keeps quiet, then his head shall burst into thousand pieces. And if King
Vikrama answers the question correctly, the vampire would escape and return to his tree. He knows the answer to every question; therefore the cycle of catching and releasing the vampire continues twenty-four times.
1241:
1225:
341:
was a modern-day adaptation of the story with the characterization of King
Vikramaditya and the celestial spirit Vetala derived from that plot. The title of the film was also derived from the two key characters from the folktale. In 2022, the film was remade in
229:
and the queen have a son, and the father and the princess have a daughter. The vetala asks what the relation between the two newborn children is. The question stumps
Vikrama. Satisfied, the vetala allows himself to be taken to the tantric.
498:, and include the Vetala Tales as a small part of their huge inventory. The recensions of Śivadāsa and Jambhaladatta contain only the Vetala Tales and have an unknown relationship to each other and to the other Sanskrit recensions.
262:. The vetala offers the king a boon, whereupon Vikram requests that the tantric's heart and mind be cleaned of all sins and his life be restored as a good living being and that the vetala would come to the king's aid when needed.
1051:
Penzer 1924, Vol VI, p 227. Penzer goes on to observe "What Burton has really done is to use a portion of the Vetāla tales as a peg on which to hang elaborate 'improvements' entirely of his own invention."
138:, but based on yet older materials, now lost. This recension comprises in fact twenty-four tales, the frame narrative itself being the twenty-fifth. The two other major recensions in Sanskrit are those by
1094:
The legend says that Vikram aur Betaal has been one of the most popular fantasy shows made for children and had won acclaim and huge popularity during its run on
Doordarshan National Network in the year
1060:
250:
achieving his evil ambition. The vetala suggests that the king asks the tantric how to perform his obeisance, then take advantage of that moment to behead the sorcerer himself.
684:, Berichte über die Verhandlungen der Königlich-Sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig : Philosophisch-historische Klasse, vol. 66, Leipzig: Teubner
145:
The Vetala stories are popular in India and have been translated into many Indian vernaculars. Several
English translations exist, based on Sanskrit recensions and on
1108:
245:
well treated. Vetala discovered that the tantric planned to return his brother to his parents and Vetala instead would be sacrificed as he was an
1284:
704:
468:
for many years. As the title suggests, the original premise of the story is maintained, as new stories are told by Vetala to King
Vikrama.
760:. Thus it became the basis of several Hindi editions, and Indian vernacular and English translations; many of these frequently reprinted.
770:
Buetal
Pucheesee; being a collection of twenty-five stories ... translated into Hindoostanee from the Brij Bhakka of Soorut Kubeeshwur
925:
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Not a translation, but a retelling "more Burtonian than Indian", based on one or more of the Hindustani editions or translations.
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Storytelling encyclopedia : historical, cultural, and multiethnic approaches to oral traditions around the world
380:, the public television broadcaster of India. A remake of that serial by the new generation of Sagar Films, titled
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1109:"Small wonder. Toon hero Chhota Bheem has emerged as the favourite homegrown television character of tiny tots"
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Tawney's translation of Brockhaus text, but with corrections and additions based on Durgāprasād (below)
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Tawney's translation of Brockhaus text, but with corrections and additions based on Durgāprasād (below)
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Some time between 1719 and 1749, Ṣūrat Kabīshwar translated Śivadāsa's Sanskrit recension into
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offered a reward by the goddess, who grants him two spirits loyal to her as his servants.
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A new and corrected Edition, with a vocabulary of all the words occurring in the text.
134:("Ocean of the Streams of Story"), a work in Sanskrit compiled in the 11th century by
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561:, vol. 2, Calcutta: J. W. Thomas, at the Baptist Mission Press, pp. 232–360
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Father and son meet mother and daughter, in the Baital's final tale. Illustration by
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and others. This was a popular work that played an early role in the development of
590:
The Ocean of Story, being C.H. Tawney's Translation of Somadeva's Katha Sarit Sagara
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The Ocean of Story, being C.H. Tawney's Translation of Somadeva's Katha Sarit Sagara
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661:, American Oriental Series, vol. 4, New Haven, CT: American Oriental Society,
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Vikram prepares to behead the tantric. Illustration by Ernest Griset from Burton's
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and was selected as a Hindustani test-book for military service students in the
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who hangs upside-down from a tree and inhabits and animates dead bodies.
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740:; this work was subsequently translated in 1805 under the direction of
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Reprinted several times between 1848 and 1921 (some later editions as
1200:- containing the Singhasan Battisi and the Baital Pachisi (Annotated)
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Vijay Sethupathi, Madhavan's film is based on Vikramathithan Vethalam
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125:
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425:. The series reveals a CGI vetala character in the final episode.
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which is, however, not a translation but a very free adaptation.
161:
versions. Probably the best-known English version is that of Sir
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Pandit Durgāprasāda; Kāśīnātha Pāṇḍuraṅga Paraba, eds. (1889),
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English translation of about half of Somadeva's Vetala Tales.
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For a comparison of the content of different versions, see
82:
937:, story from a Kalmyk/Mongolian version of the compilation
921:, story from a Kalmyk/Mongolian version of the compilation
848:
The Baitál-Pachísí; or The Twenty-five Stories of a Demon
480:
863:
The Baitāl Pachīsī; or The Twenty-five Tales of a Sprite
558:
The Katha Sarit Sagara; or Ocean of the Streams of Story
254:
does exactly as told by the vetala and he is blessed by
833:
The Baitāl Pachīsī; or The Twenty-five Tales of a Demon
987:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2010. p. 25.
886:(Memorial ed.), London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
855:
Translated from Dr. Forbes's new and correct edition.
870:
Translated from the Hindi text of Dr. Duncan Forbes.
814:
The Baitál Pachísí; or, Twenty-five Tales of a Demon
883:
Vikram & the Vampire; or Tales of Hindu Devilry
494:and Somadeva recensions derive from the unattested
1013:. Phoenix, Ariz.: Oryx Press. 1997. p. 337.
929:, story from a Tibetan version of the compilation
688:
659:Jambhaladatta's version of the Vetālapañcavinśati
1401:
899:Bytal Puchisi; or the Twenty-five Tales of Bytal
718:Śivadāsa: The Five-and-Twenty Tales of the Genie
691:Die fünfundzwanzig Erzählungen des Totendämons
421:was released in 2009, written and directed by
1278:
636:, University of Chicago Press, pp. 11–64
905:Translated from the Brujbhakha into English.
779:The Bytal Pucheesee: translated into English
628:
384:, was aired on the Indian satellite channel
1285:
1271:
703:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
689:Ritschl, E.; Schetelich, M., eds. (1989),
1292:
1106:
59:'s depiction of Vikram and the Betaal in
30:"Betaal Pachisi" redirects here. For the
1100:
926:The Girl Langa Langchung and the Rooster
776:
724:Translated from Uhle's Sanskrit edition.
593:, vol. VII, London: Chas. J. Sawyer
527:
231:
207:
51:
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896:
653:
575:, vol. VI, London: Chas. J. Sawyer
511:Anonymous Sanskrit summary of Kṣemendra
113:. Internationally, it is also known as
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859:
844:
826:
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607:The Kathâsaritsâgara of Somadevabhatta
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481:Recensions, editions, and translations
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715:
682:Die Vetālapañcaviṃśatikā des Sivadāsa
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648:Jambhaladatta (11th–14th century CE)
358:In 1985, the story was developed by
294:It was adapted into 1951 Hindi film
984:World religions. Eastern traditions
764:
632:(1959), "The King and the Corpse",
407:. Another 2006 supernatural sitcom
24:
711:Translation of Śivadāsa recension.
403:in 2004 which was produced by his
41:For the television series made by
25:
1471:
1180:
1117:. Calcutta, India. Archived from
464:, featured a serial story titled
194:sorcerer) that he will capture a
128:is found in the 12th book of the
101:"), is a collection of tales and
1236:
1220:
866:, London: Wm. H. Allen & Co.
845:Munshi, Ghulam Mohammad (1868),
836:, London: Wm. H. Allen & Co.
281:Vetala § In popular culture
34:directed television series, see
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1133:
811:(1855), Eastwick, E. B. (ed.),
674:Śivadāsa (11th–14th century CE)
624:, London: J. M. Dent & Sons
382:Kahaniyaan Vikram aur Betaal Ki
376:as the Vetala. It was aired on
117:. It was originally written in
63:'s 1870 retelling of the story.
1450:Indian short story collections
1348:Vikram Betaal Ki Rahasya Gatha
1070:
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431:Vikram Betaal Ki Rahasya Gatha
362:as a television serial titled
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13:
1:
955:Doniger, Wendy (March 2014).
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777:Hollings, Captain W. (1848),
466:New Tales of Vikram and Betal
453:
353:
296:Jai Maha Kali (Vikram Vaital)
1107:Dua Aarti (26 August 2012).
851:, Bombay: The Oriental Press
680:Uhle, Heinrich, ed. (1914),
446:as playing the role of King
298:by Dhirubhai Desai starring
265:
99:Twenty-five (tales) of Betal
7:
1246:public domain audiobook at
1230:public domain audiobook at
1042:Penzer 1924, Vol VI, p 226.
1033:Penzer 1924, Vol VI, p 225.
934:The White Bird and His Wife
910:
485:
314:. It was remade in 1986 as
87:
10:
1476:
1420:Collections of fairy tales
1155:Forbes 1861, pp. vii–viii.
817:, Hertford: Stephen Austin
610:, The Nirnaya-Sâgara Press
538:, Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus
285:Vikramaditya § Legacy
278:
172:
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36:Betaal Pachisi (TV series)
29:
27:Collection of Indian tales
1440:11th-century Indian books
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918:The Adventures of Massang
781:, Calcutta: W. Ridsdale,
744:into the closely related
496:"Northwestern" Bṛhatkathā
450:and Betaal respectively.
428:2018 Hindi TV adaptation
78:
731:
542:Books VI, VII & VIII
399:, a television film for
289:
961:. OUP USA. p. 45.
716:Rajan, Chandra (1995),
667:2027/uc1.32106001612602
168:
1324:Television adaptations
1253:Original Sanskrit text
1188:Vikram and the Vampire
897:Kṛishṇa, Kālī (1834),
634:Tales of Ancient India
630:Van Buitenen, J. A. B.
417:. A web series titled
241:
238:Vikram and the Vampire
225:
163:Richard Francis Burton
64:
61:Richard Francis Burton
1295:Vetala Panchavimshati
860:Platts, John (1871),
809:Barker, W. Burckhardt
405:Green Gold Animations
247:'all-knowing kumara'
235:
211:
184:(Vikrama) promises a
70:Vetala Panchavimshati
55:
1391:List of Vetala Tales
1243:The Baitâl Pachchisi
1121:on November 19, 2012
413:was inspired by the
335:The 2017 Tamil film
328:, Manhar Desai, and
175:List of Vetala Tales
1415:Fantasy anthologies
1410:Sanskrit literature
1198:Vikram & Vetaal
746:Hindustani language
214:Perham Wilhelm Nahl
180:The legendary king
142:and Jambhaladatta.
1425:Indian fairy tales
1340:Vicky & Vetaal
1227:Twenty Two Goblins
1206:Twenty-Two Goblins
878:Burton, Richard F.
758:East India Company
621:Twenty-two Goblins
535:Kathā Sarit Sāgara
530:Brockhaus, Hermann
410:Vicky & Vetaal
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222:Twenty-two Goblins
124:One of its oldest
88:vetālapañcaviṃśati
65:
1435:Indian literature
1397:
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1332:Vikram Aur Betaal
1214:: Translation by
1211:Project Gutenberg
1164:Barker 1855 p vi.
1084:on 11 August 2014
1020:978-1-57356-025-2
994:978-0-19-542676-2
968:978-0-19-936007-9
528:Somadeva (1862),
504:Bṛhatkathāmanjarī
444:Makrand Deshpande
365:Vikram aur Betaal
330:Deepika Chikhalia
310:, Raj Kumar, and
47:Vikram Aur Betaal
16:(Redirected from
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368:, starring
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324:, starring
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766:Lāl, Lallū
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532:(ed.),
436:&TV
192:tantric
159:Marathi
155:Bengali
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