216:
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47:, where an introductory or main narrative sets the stage either for a more emphasized second narrative or for a set of shorter stories. The frame story leads readers from a first story into one or more other stories within it. The frame story may also be used to inform readers about aspects of the secondary narrative(s) that may otherwise be hard to understand. This should not be confused with
661:. Most of it is narrated by Forrest to various companions on the bus-stop bench. However, in the last fifth or so of the film, Forrest gets up and leaves the bench, and we follow him as he meets with Jenny and her son. This final segment suddenly has no narrator unlike the rest of the film that came before it, but is instead told through Forrest and Jenny's dialogues.
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theme occurs at the beginning and end of the work, or returns periodically. A framing device may take the form of a recurrent element at the beginning and end of the narrative. For example, a story may begin with a character visiting a park under one set of circumstances, then returning at the end to
254:
to organize a set of smaller narratives, either devised by the author or taken from a previous stock of popular tales, slightly altered by the author for the purpose of the longer narrative. Sometimes a story within the main narrative encapsulates some aspect of the framing story, in which case it is
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which begins and ends with the characters running along a beach, accompanied at both times by the movie's famous theme music. This scene, although chronologically in the middle of the film and unimportant to the straightforward plot, serves to convey a defining emotion and tone that sets the context
514:
in its opening; the narrator can engage the reader's interest by telling the story to answer the curiosity of his listeners, or by warning them that the story began in an ordinary seeming way, but they must follow it to understand later actions, thereby identifying the reader's wondering whether the
445:" among others, the conceit is that the author of the book is not the real author but a fictional character, in this case a man named Crayon. Here the frame includes the world of the imagined Crayon, his stories, and the reader who is assumed to play along and "know" who Crayon is.
509:
the frame of a grandfather reading the story to his reluctant grandson puts the cynical reaction a viewer might have to the romantic fairytale into the story in the grandson's persona, and helps defuse it. This is the use when the frame tells a story that lacks a strong
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and its sequel, explaining that they were dreams he had while he was in prison and felt God wanted him to write down. This worked because it made what might have been seen as a fantasy more like a divine revelation to others who believed as he did.
692:) but finds himself accused of cheating. Most of the story is narrated at a police station by Jamal, who explains how he knew the answers to each of the questions as the show is played back on video. The show itself then serves as another
465:. By explicitly making the narrator a character within the frame story, the writer distances him or herself from the narrator. The writer may characterize the narrator to cast doubt on the narrator's truthfulness, as when in
533:, where the narrator claims to have gone to sleep, dreamed the events of the story, and then awoken to tell the tale. In medieval Europe, this was a common device, used to indicate that the events included are fictional;
343:, who tells him his own story after he was created, and this third narrative even briefly contains the tale of a family whom he had been observing. This set of frame narratives that fit together is sometimes called a
189:
The use of a frame story in which a single narrative is set in the context of the telling of a story is also a technique with a long history, dating back at least to the beginning section of
3165:
453:
When there is a single story, the frame story is used for other purposes â chiefly to position the reader's attitude toward the tale. This can be done in a variety of ways.
652:, but, even though this recollection forms a great part of the poem, the events after and before the interpolated recollection are of greater interest than the memory.
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279:
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A framing device might simply be a defining image of the narrative or art that is used at the beginning and end of the work, as in the film
1334:
Wagner, Johanna M.; Demoor, Marysa (2012). "The
Slippery Slope of Interpellation: Framing Hero and Victim in Edith Wharton's Ethan Frome".
335:
has multiple framed narratives. In the book, Robert Walton writes letters to his sister, describing the story told to him by the scientist
727:
the same park under a different set of circumstances, having undergone a change that allows him or her to see the park in a new light.
1202:"Narrative Structures and Spaces in the English Romantic Novel: An Intertextual Study of Mary Shelley, Charles Maturin and the Bronts"
164:. This form gradually spread west through the centuries and became popular, giving rise to such classic frame tale collections as the
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makes extensive use of framing, with the stories nested several deep, allowing the inclusion of many different tales in one work.
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186:, in which each pilgrim tells his own kind of tale, and whose frame story "was once the most admired part of Chaucer's work".
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To be a frame narrative, the story must act primarily as an occasion for the telling of other stories. For example,
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936:(1987). "On the origin of the literary device of the 'Frame Story' in Old Indian literature". In Falk, H. (ed.).
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103:
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uses this literary device to tell the story of
Heathcliff and Catherine, along with the subplots. Her sister
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503:, where the writer puts the readers' possible reactions to the story in the characters listening to it. In
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story is worth reading to the listeners'. Such an approach was used, too, by Edith
Wharton in her novella
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Still, even as the story proceeds realistically, the dream frame casts doubt on the events. In the book
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of his past as each question is asked. The last portion of the film then unfolds without any narrator.
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which consisted of frame stories, and sometimes even featured stories within stories within stories.
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The Whole Story
Language, Narrative and Salvation in Bunyan, Defoe, Grimmelshausen and Schnabel
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1088:(1990). "Ovid's Framing Technique: The Aeacus and Cephalus Epyllion (Met. 7.490-8.5)".
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617:) includes such a frame, the stories themselves using dream-like logic and sequences.
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tells to a young priest, because the movie is based more on stories
Salieri told about
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Ginsburg, Michal Peled (1997). Prince, Gerald; Reid, Ian; Duyfhuizen, Bernard (eds.).
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Viljoen, Martina; Viljoen, Nicol (June 2018). "Amadeus: A Vision of
Musical Genius".
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Canadian Review of
Comparative Literature/ Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée
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Some of the earliest frame stories are from ancient Egypt, including one in the
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561:(the last also containing a multi-story frame story within the dream). Later,
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589:" complained of such devices as unwillingness to treat the genre seriously;
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over many nights. Many of
Shahrazad's tales are also frame stories, such as
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323:. The main heroine's diary is framed by the narrator's story and letters.
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Tree and Leaf, Mythopoeia, The
Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm's Son
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228:; embedded within it are further framed sets of tales, such as those of
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1175:"Paradox of Chinese Boxes: Textual Heterarchy in Postermodern Fiction"
980:"A Thousand and One Nights: Arabian Story-telling in World Literature"
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narrative; other instances of this style of narrative can be found in
65:
16:
Story in a nested narration that brackets one or more embedded stories
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2011:
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1270:. Wolf's Mount. 2013. p. 11, notes by editor. GGKEY:GH4HD41JQT1.
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A common reason to frame a single story is to draw attention to the
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Memorious
Discourse: Reprise and Representation in Postmodernism
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749: â Type of fiction created by fans of the original subject
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1283:
International Review of the Aesthetics and Sociology of Music
1236:
Manning, Matthew K. (2010). "1980s". In Dolan, Hannah (ed.).
789:"What is a Frame Story? Oregon State Guide to Literary Terms"
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348:
190:
149:
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339:. Midway through Frankenstein's story, he is met by the
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Hinduismus und Buddhismus, Festschrift fĂŒr U. Schneider
769:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
822:"Frame Story - Examples and Definition of Frame Story"
1529:""Slumdog Millionaire" is well done but a bit hollow"
1431:
Madden, William A. (May 1986). "Framing the Alices".
626:, the events really occur; the dream frame added for
236:
Sindbad the sailor and Ali Baba and the forty thieves
75:, which begins with Odysseus telling stories to King
1592:. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 16.
664:
This approach is also demonstrated in the 2008 film
655:A film that plays with frame narrative is the 1994
285:
Tale of Sindbad the Seaman and Sindbad the Landsman
1557:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 331.
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
767: â Narrative work derived from existing works
761: â Pastiche novel with in-universe continuity
573:In modern usage, it is sometimes used in works of
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1327:
456:
1477:The Fairy Tale: The Magic Mirror of Imagination
870:
803:
1376:
1280:
1267:Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
1074:(third ed.). Routledge. pp. 252â253.
565:used a dream device in the Christian allegory
2957:
1650:
1333:
224:frames many stories with a single narrator,
203:tells of his wandering in the court of King
69:One of the earliest frame stories is in the
1614:"Chariots of Fire: The flame of conviction"
1480:. New York: Twayne Publishers. p. 94.
973:
971:
791:. College of Liberal Arts. 6 September 2020
781:
630:detracts from the validity of the fantasy.
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1307:
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960:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
876:
1238:DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle
910:Orality and Literacy in the Demotic Tales
847:
845:
843:
581:about the marvels depicted in the story.
1555:Engaging music: essays in music analysis
1308:Martinelli, Marissa (21 November 2018).
1070:Hayward, Susan (2006). "Mise-en-abime".
1020:
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2328:Types of fiction with multiple endings
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43:that serves as a companion piece to a
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1638:
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1410:. London: HarperCollins. p. 14.
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529:A specialized form of the frame is a
1084:
1310:"The Princess Bride You Don't Know"
1143:
977:
907:
210:
13:
1527:Miguel, Andres (14 January 2009).
1199:
1117:The Brontës: The Critical Heritage
912:. Brill. pp. 27â32, 211â212.
14:
3450:
2731:Third-person omniscient narrative
483:is framed as a story that an old
86:Odysseus at the Court of Alcinous
2971:
1072:Cinema Studies: The Key Concepts
608:Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
494:
113:. Other early examples are from
3166:The Tall Tales of Vishnu Sharma
1606:
1546:
1520:
1494:
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1424:
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1390:, PhD Thesis. pp. 217â218.
1370:
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1078:
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524:
448:
390:Frame stories have appeared in
2119:Conflict between good and evil
1377:Bertsch, Janet (August 2000).
1014:
994:
978:Hoh, Anchi (26 October 2017).
940:. Freiburg. pp. 380â414.
926:
689:Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
104:Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor
1:
1664:
774:
670:(adapted from the 2005 novel
457:Casting doubt on the narrator
3068:The Brahmin and the Mongoose
3053:The Mouse Turned into a Maid
3009:The Moral Philosophy of Doni
1474:Jones, Steven Swann (1995).
404:featured a story arc called
7:
3143:One Thousand and One Nights
3005:The Fables of Bidpai/Pilpay
1173:Zhang, Benzi (1993-06-01).
908:Jay, Jacqueline E. (2016).
884:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
740:
439:The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
320:The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
267:One Thousand and One Nights
221:One Thousand and One Nights
167:One Thousand and One Nights
10:
3455:
3063:The Ass in the Lion's Skin
3038:The Tortoise and the Birds
1586:Moraru, Christian (2005).
887:. Macmillan. p. 312.
707:
623:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
593:of different kinds in his
250:that acts as a convenient
60:
3370:
3298:Edward Backhouse Eastwick
3275:
3193:
3182:
3157:
3086:
3078:The milkmaid and her pail
3043:The Bear and the Gardener
3023:
2981:
2794:
2766:
2758:Stream of unconsciousness
2701:
2445:
2336:
2289:Falling action/Catastasis
2234:
2139:
2074:
1997:
1809:
1672:
1388:University College London
1348:10.1007/s11061-012-9319-z
614:Through the Looking-Glass
499:Another use is a form of
491:than on historical fact.
270:, in which the character
264:A typical frame story is
3409:Metafictional techniques
3058:The Deer without a Heart
2126:Self-fulfilling prophecy
558:The Legend of Good Women
463:narrator's unreliability
314:uses this device in her
199:, in which the narrator
2753:Stream of consciousness
2216:Suspension of disbelief
1553:Stein, Deborah (2005).
1506:Wholesale Frame Company
1115:Allott, Miriam (2013).
1007:Chaucer and His England
579:suspension of disbelief
540:The Book of the Duchess
51:. A notable example is
3252:Abu'l-Ma'ali Nasrallah
3207:Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak
3111:Hikayat Panca Tanderan
3048:The Lion and the Mouse
2294:Denouement/Catastrophe
2275:Rising action/Epitasis
1217:Cite journal requires
1010:. Putnam. p. 126.
1002:Coulton, George Gordon
633:
426:
243:
161:Vikram and The Vampire
145:The Seven Wise Masters
94:
3001:The Lights of Canopus
2640:Utopian and dystopian
1090:The Classical Journal
982:. Library of Congress
853:"The Frame Narrative"
679:Kaun Banega Crorepati
642:narrates much of the
591:he used frame stories
473:, Mulliner is made a
414:
398:'s comic book series
364:The Solitaire Mystery
218:
68:
3424:Narrative techniques
3106:La Fontaine's Fables
2194:Narrative techniques
1974:Story within a story
1786:Supporting character
1145:Shelley, Mary Godwin
1123:. pp. 254â256.
934:Witzel, Michael E.J.
737:for the main story.
110:The Eloquent Peasant
45:story within a story
3222:Jean de La Fontaine
3073:The Fox and the Cat
2899:Political narrative
2741:Unreliable narrator
2598:Speculative fiction
2306:Nonlinear narrative
2254:Three-act structure
2114:Deal with the Devil
1023:"Framing Narrative"
704:Compared to reprise
667:Slumdog Millionaire
552:Parlement of Foules
337:Victor Frankenstein
246:A frame story is a
49:narrative structure
3323:Ion Keith-Falconer
2877:Narrative paradigm
2872:Narrative identity
2802:Dominant narrative
2748:Multiple narrators
2032:Fictional location
1875:Dramatic structure
1242:Dorling Kindersley
857:Harvard University
753:Fictional universe
577:as a means toward
567:Pilgrim's Progress
506:The Princess Bride
437:, which contains "
427:
274:narrates a set of
244:
231:Sindbad the Sailor
95:
41:literary technique
33:sandwich narrative
3434:Short story types
3396:
3395:
3366:
3365:
3343:Silvestre de Sacy
3303:Franklin Edgerton
3293:Hermann Brockhaus
3203:(putative author)
3017:Nandaka-prakarana
2939:
2938:
2882:Narrative therapy
2316:television series
2261:Freytag's Pyramid
2104:Moral development
2007:Alternate history
1717:False protagonist
1599:978-0-8386-4086-9
1564:978-0-19-517010-8
1417:978-0-007-10504-5
1251:978-0-7566-6742-9
1200:Sakuma, Chihiro.
546:The House of Fame
431:Washington Irving
429:Sometimes, as in
384:Heart of Darkness
374:Wuthering Heights
307:Wuthering Heights
115:Indian literature
79:on the island of
23:(also known as a
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3419:Plot (narrative)
3328:Patrick Olivelle
3191:
3190:
3136:Kathasaritsagara
3013:Tantri Kamandaka
2966:
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2862:Literary science
2405:Narrative poetry
2301:Linear narrative
2211:Stylistic device
2206:Show, don't tell
2169:Figure of speech
1959:Shaggy dog story
1702:Characterization
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785:
770:
765:Spin-off (media)
733:Chariots of Fire
696:, as Jamal sees
587:On Fairy-Stories
585:, in his essay "
535:Geoffrey Chaucer
316:epistolary novel
211:A set of stories
183:Canterbury Tales
117:, including the
3454:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3362:
3353:Charles Wilkins
3338:Arthur W. Ryder
3313:Johannes Hertel
3308:A. N. D. Haksar
3271:
3242:Ibn al-Muqaffa'
3227:Antoine Galland
3186:
3184:
3178:
3153:
3129:Kalīla wa-Dimna
3082:
3033:The Blue Jackal
3019:
2993:Kalila wa Dimna
2977:
2970:
2940:
2935:
2867:Literary theory
2807:Fiction writing
2790:
2762:
2697:
2449:
2441:
2332:
2230:
2135:
2070:
1993:
1864:Deus ex machina
1805:
1791:Title character
1776:Stock character
1722:Focal character
1668:
1663:
1633:
1632:
1622:
1620:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1600:
1584:
1580:
1565:
1551:
1547:
1537:
1535:
1525:
1521:
1511:
1509:
1502:"A Frame Story"
1500:
1499:
1495:
1488:
1472:
1468:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1402:Tolkien, J.R.R.
1399:
1395:
1383:
1375:
1371:
1332:
1328:
1318:
1316:
1306:
1302:
1279:
1275:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1244:. p. 247.
1234:
1230:
1218:
1216:
1207:
1206:
1198:
1194:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1113:
1109:
1083:
1079:
1068:
1064:
1041:10.2307/1773187
1019:
1015:
999:
995:
985:
983:
976:
969:
953:
952:
948:
931:
927:
920:
906:
902:
895:
881:, eds. (1999).
875:
871:
861:
859:
851:
850:
841:
831:
829:
828:. 11 April 2016
820:
819:
804:
794:
792:
787:
786:
782:
777:
768:
743:
712:
706:
636:
527:
497:
485:Antonio Salieri
467:P. G. Wodehouse
459:
451:
359:Jostein Gaarder
248:literary device
234:. Illustration
213:
99:Papyrus Westcar
91:Francesco Hayez
63:
29:frame narrative
17:
12:
11:
5:
3452:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3288:Gustav Bickell
3285:
3283:Theodor Benfey
3279:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
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3214:
3209:
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3197:
3195:
3188:
3180:
3179:
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3176:
3169:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3120:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3100:Calila e Dimna
3096:
3094:Aesop's Fables
3090:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3027:
3021:
3020:
2997:Calila e Dimna
2985:Tantrakhyayika
2982:
2979:
2978:
2969:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2946:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2931:Verisimilitude
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2901:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2836:
2834:Parallel novel
2831:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2804:
2798:
2796:
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2791:
2789:
2788:
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2744:
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2698:
2696:
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2666:
2661:
2656:
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2648:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2605:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2476:Action fiction
2468:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2429:
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2419:
2414:
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2240:
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2228:
2223:
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2203:
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2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2145:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2106:
2101:
2096:
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2086:
2080:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2044:
2039:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1954:Self-insertion
1951:
1946:
1941:
1939:Poetic justice
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1897:
1892:
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1756:
1751:
1741:
1734:
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1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1697:Character flaw
1694:
1689:
1684:
1678:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1662:
1661:
1654:
1647:
1639:
1631:
1630:
1605:
1598:
1578:
1563:
1545:
1519:
1508:. 5 March 2019
1493:
1486:
1466:
1445:10.2307/462421
1439:(3): 362â373.
1423:
1416:
1393:
1369:
1342:(2): 417â435.
1326:
1300:
1273:
1257:
1250:
1228:
1219:|journal=
1192:
1165:
1149:"Frankenstein"
1136:
1130:978-1136173813
1129:
1107:
1077:
1062:
1035:(4): 571â588.
1013:
993:
967:
946:
925:
918:
900:
893:
869:
839:
802:
779:
778:
776:
773:
772:
771:
762:
759:Parallel novel
756:
750:
742:
739:
705:
702:
694:framing device
686:equivalent of
635:
632:
583:J.R.R. Tolkien
526:
523:
512:narrative hook
496:
493:
469:'s stories of
458:
455:
450:
447:
443:Rip Van Winkle
421:, painting by
418:Rip Van Winkle
416:The Return of
278:to the Sultan
240:William Strang
212:
209:
172:Arabian Nights
119:Sanskrit epics
83:. Painting of
62:
59:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3451:
3440:
3439:Frame stories
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3318:Joseph Jacobs
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
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3274:
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3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3232:John of Capua
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3201:Vishnu Sharma
3199:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3162:
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3156:
3150:
3147:
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3144:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:Related works
3085:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2967:
2962:
2960:
2955:
2953:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2916:Screenwriting
2914:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2805:
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2800:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2721:Second-person
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2625:Magic realism
2623:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2594:
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2589:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2556:Psychological
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2536:Philosophical
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2461:Autobiography
2459:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2400:Narrative art
2398:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2358:Flash fiction
2356:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2324:
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2314:
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2309:
2308:
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2299:
2295:
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2287:
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2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2249:Act structure
2247:
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2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2066:Worldbuilding
2064:
2062:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1913:KishĆtenketsu
1910:
1908:
1907:
1906:In medias res
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1885:Foreshadowing
1883:
1881:
1880:Eucatastrophe
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1843:Chekhov's gun
1841:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1733:
1732:Gothic double
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1712:Deuteragonist
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1692:Character arc
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1660:
1655:
1653:
1648:
1646:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1619:
1618:David Puttnam
1615:
1609:
1601:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1582:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1560:
1556:
1549:
1534:
1533:The Pitt News
1530:
1523:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1489:
1487:0-8057-0950-9
1483:
1479:
1478:
1470:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1419:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1397:
1389:
1382:
1381:
1373:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1336:Neophilologus
1330:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1296:
1292:
1289:(1): 29â523.
1288:
1284:
1277:
1269:
1268:
1261:
1253:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1224:
1211:
1203:
1196:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1169:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1132:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1073:
1066:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1028:Poetics Today
1024:
1017:
1009:
1008:
1003:
997:
981:
974:
972:
963:
957:
949:
947:3-925270-01-9
943:
939:
935:
929:
921:
919:9789004323070
915:
911:
904:
896:
894:9780312198695
890:
886:
885:
880:
877:Clute, John;
873:
858:
854:
848:
846:
844:
827:
823:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
790:
784:
780:
766:
763:
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748:
745:
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735:
734:
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695:
691:
690:
685:
681:
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3333:N. M. Penzer
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3185:translators,
3173:Jungle Tales
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3123:Jataka tales
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2988:
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2972:
2921:Storytelling
2736:Subjectivity
2726:Third-person
2716:First-person
2350:
2159:Comic relief
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1904:
1899:
1895:Flashforward
1862:
1836:Origin story
1818:
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3429:Narratology
3383:Frame story
3378:Beast fable
3358:Ramsay Wood
3267:Simeon Seth
3158:Other media
3149:Ćukasaptati
3117:Hitopadesha
2926:Tellability
2892:Metafiction
2887:Narratology
2659:Theological
2551:Pop culture
2432:Short story
2410:Epic poetry
2131:Time travel
1944:Red herring
1929:Plot device
1900:Frame story
1853:Cliffhanger
1796:Tritagonist
1771:Protagonist
1158:24 December
879:Grant, John
747:Fan fiction
716:sonata form
714:In musical
563:John Bunyan
537:used it in
518:Ethan Frome
435:Sketch Book
423:John Quidor
401:The Sandman
396:Neil Gaiman
392:comic books
345:Chinese box
276:fairy tales
155:Hitopadesha
123:Mahabharata
93:, 1814â1815
21:frame story
3403:Categories
3237:Kshemendra
3217:Durgasimha
2812:Continuity
2681:Nonfiction
2645:Underwater
2541:Picaresque
2516:Historical
2501:Epistolary
2373:Fairy tale
2284:Peripeteia
2266:Exposition
2022:Dreamworld
1964:Stereotype
1934:Plot twist
1682:Antagonist
1240:. London:
1181:: 89â103.
775:References
708:See also:
698:flashbacks
650:Phaeacians
597:writings.
406:Worlds End
180:, and the
148:, and the
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2703:Narration
2652:Superhero
2576:Chivalric
2561:Religious
2546:Political
2481:Adventure
2466:Biography
2388:Tall tale
2236:Structure
2221:Symbolism
2189:Narration
2089:Leitmotif
2017:Crossover
2012:Backstory
1969:Story arc
1919:MacGuffin
1890:Flashback
1831:Backstory
1707:Confidant
1687:Archenemy
1674:Character
1666:Narrative
1461:163488337
1364:170215022
1356:0028-2677
1187:1913-9659
1153:Gutenberg
1121:Routledge
1049:0333-5372
956:cite book
673:Q & A
628:the movie
605:stories (
354:Symposion
329:'s novel
280:Shahriyar
255:called a
226:Shahrazad
3247:Narayana
3187:adapters
3183:Editors,
2909:Glossary
2904:Rhetoric
2711:Diegesis
2691:Creative
2664:Thriller
2613:Southern
2531:Paranoid
2526:Nautical
2437:Vignette
2395:Gamebook
2363:Folklore
2270:Protasis
2149:Allegory
2094:Metaphor
2052:parallel
2047:universe
2027:Dystopia
1984:Suspense
1870:Dialogue
1858:Conflict
1766:Narrator
1738:Hamartia
1573:54752753
1404:(2001).
1295:26844631
1004:(1908).
741:See also
724:reprised
640:Odysseus
205:Alcinous
201:Odysseus
140:Syntipas
129:Ramayana
77:Alcinous
3414:Fiction
3212:Borzuya
3025:Stories
2839:Prequel
2795:Related
2781:Present
2674:Western
2630:Science
2603:Fantasy
2571:Romance
2521:Mystery
2506:Ergodic
2471:Fiction
2427:Parable
2422:Novella
2352:Fabliau
2323:Premise
2174:Imagery
2164:Diction
2042:country
1999:Setting
1979:Subplot
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1512:30 June
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645:Odyssey
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3371:Topics
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3262:Rudaki
2843:Sequel
2827:Retcon
2822:Reboot
2786:Future
2620:Horror
2608:Gothic
2593:Satire
2511:Erotic
2378:Legend
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2850:Genre
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2686:Novel
2669:Urban
2581:Prose
2566:Rogue
2491:Crime
2486:Comic
2447:Genre
2417:Novel
2368:Fable
2346:Drama
2311:films
2141:Style
2109:Motif
2099:Moral
2084:Irony
2076:Theme
1989:Trope
1457:S2CID
1449:JSTOR
1384:(PDF)
1360:S2CID
1314:Slate
1291:JSTOR
1098:JSTOR
1053:JSTOR
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720:rondo
682:(the
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191:Homer
150:fable
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2855:List
2776:Past
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2199:Hook
2184:Mood
2179:Mode
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1924:Pace
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1744:Hero
1727:Foil
1625:2021
1594:ISBN
1569:OCLC
1559:ISBN
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1125:ISBN
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